00 11 00.9 -12 49 22; Cet
Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 142°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, elongated
NW-SE, 30"x15", nearly even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is 2' W. Situated at the midpoint of a 12"
pair of stars 5' NNE and a 28" pair 5' SSW. Located 15' SSE of orange mag 5.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2 = J. 1-1 on 27 Aug 1892
with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice observatory. His position matches
******************************
00 12 06.1 -00 24 55; Psc
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 53°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~35"x25", round core with a very small bright nucleus increasing to a stellar peak. A mag 14.3 star is 1.5' WSW. A distinctive group of 7 mag 11.5-13 forming a loop is ~5' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 3 = J. 1-2 on 12 Sep 1893
with the 30-inch f/23 "Grande Lunette" refractor at Nice by Paul
Gautier and the Henry Bros. He
reported it as "faint, very small, irregular form, slightly
mottled." His position
matches
******************************
00 13 26.9 +17 29 11; Peg
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 12°
24" (9/16/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated N-S, 35"x25". No significant concentration but contains a quasi-stellar
nucleus with direct vision.
Located 31' NW of
Carl Frederick Pechüle discovered IC 4 on 12 Sep 1893 with an 11" Merz refractor at the Copenhagen observatory, probably while searching for a comet. He reported "very faint, pretty round, 10"-12" diameter, perhaps even bigger, fairly even brightness." The IC position is 3' too far south, but there are no other nearby candidates.
******************************
00 17 34.9 -09 32 36; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.65'; PA = 9°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, oval 4:3 N-S, very small bright core, good surface brightness, well defined 30" diameter halo. A mag 13 star is 1' N and a mag 12 star is 2' NW. MCG -02-01-045, attached on the south side of the mag 12 star, appeared very faint and small, round, only 15" diameter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5 = J. 1-3 on 19 Sep 1892 and reported "faint, similar to a mag 13 star with nebulosity". His position is accurate.
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00 18 55.0 -03 16 34; Psc
V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (9/1/16): at 220x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, gradually increases to the
center. Situated between two mag
12.5 stars 3.4' NW and 4.0' SE.
Forms a pair (identical redshifts) with
Truman Safford discovered IC 6 = Sf. 89 = J. I-4 on 23 Sep
1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. His position was 1' SE of
******************************
00 18 53.2 +10 35 41; Psc
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 0°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint and small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20", small bright core, quasi-stellar nucleus. A mag ~13 star is at SSW edge and somewhat affects the view.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 7 = J. 2-506 on 28 Nov 1893 and remarked, "faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Follows and below a star. Appears like a double star surrounded by nebulosity. His position was 3' too far south due to applying the offset in the wrong direction from his comparison star.
******************************
IC 8 = MCG -01-01-076 = PGC 1234
00 19 02.7 -03 13 19; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 129°
24" (9/1/16): at 220x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, ~25"x18", weak concentration. Fainter of a pair with IC 6 3.8' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 8 = J. I-5 on 19 Sep 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "vF, vS, irr E, little brighter middle" and measured an accurate position. Dreyer assumed Truman Safford's Sf. 89 was an earlier discovery of this galaxy and credited Safford, but he discovered nearby IC 6.
******************************
00 19 44.0 -14 07 19; Cet
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 122°
24" (9/1/16): fairly faint, small, round, 18". Contains a stellar nucleus embedded in a faint halo.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 9 = J. I-6 on 23 Aug 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "vF, roundish, 1' diameter" and measured an accurate position.
******************************
00 20 23.2 +59 17 35; Cas
V = 10.4; Size 6.3'x5.1'; Surf Br = 14.0
18" (9/6/10): this local group dwarf Irregular was
immediately picked up at 108x (without a printed finder chart) as a large, low
surface brightness hazy glow, ~4'x2.5', roughly elongated NW-SE, though the
outer extent increased with averted vision and careful viewing. A mag 12.7 star is superposed to the
southeast of center and a few stars are on the northwest end. The 1.5' region surrounding the mag
12.7 star is the brightest portion of the galaxy and the W and NW regions have
a very low surface brightness and appeared irregular and patchy. Located 12' NE of mag 7.3
Using 175x, a very small 15" knot was clearly visible about 50" following the mag 12.7 star. This knot is a giant HII region (site of violent starburst formation) catalogued by Hodge and Lee (1990) as HL 111. At 285x with direct vision a faint star at its west edge was similar in visibility, but with averted vision the HII knot was more evident. I probably viewed the brightest component 111c, which has a diameter of 11", of this HII complex. Two mag 10.5 stars 3.5' S and 5.5' S of the galaxy (part of the right triangle mentioned above) provide a useful guide to pinpoint the location of HL 111. The HII region is directly on a line and equally spaced with these stars -- just follow the stars to the small knot.
18" (7/15/07): at 225x this Local Group member (
18" (10/8/05): picked up fairly easily at 115x as a large, low surface brightness hazy region with a mag 13 star superimposed. Good view at 160x using the Meade 14mm Ultrawide. Appeared faint, large, slightly elongated, ~4'-5' diameter (though no distinct borders) with a patchy, mottled appearance, very weak concentration. Several faint stars (besides the mag 13 star) are superimposed. Situated within a rich star field and appears similar to a low surface brightness emission or reflection nebula.
13.1" (11/5/83 and 10/20/84): very faint, moderately large, elongated NW-SE. Unusually low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is superimposed near the center. Located in a very rich star field just 3.3° from the galactic plane! Member of the Local Group.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 10 = Sw. 7-1 on 8 Oct 1887 and recorded "F * involved in vL, eeeF nebulosity, eee difficult. In line with 2 stars of equal mag which with a 3rd forms a right angled triangle."
Nicholas Mayall first recognized IC 10 as a galaxy in 1935 ("An Extragalactic Object 3° from the Plane of the Galaxy" in PASP, 47, 317). In 1936, Hubble suggested it might be a member of the local group and called it "One of the most curious objects in the sky" in his 1936 classic "The Realm of the Nebulae." This wasn't confirmed until 1996 using Cepheid variables and the current distance estimate is ~2.5 million l.y. This irregular dwarf galaxy is probably a member of the M31 satellite system. It lies only 3.3° from the galactic plane and is the nearest starburst galaxy.
******************************
00 52 48 +56 37 42; Cas
Size 35'x30'
See observing notes for
E.E. Barnard found IC 11 around 1892 using the 6-inch Cooke refractor at Vanderbilt Observatory in Nashville. The discovery was probably relayed directly to Dreyer as its not mentioned in any of his published papers. There is nothing at the IC position but Corwin notes that his description points to NGC 281, which is 30 minutes of RA east, and perhaps there was a transcription error.
******************************
00 20 15.0 -02 39 11; Psc
V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 20°
24" (9/22/22): at 325x; faint but readily visible, oval
5:2 SSW-NNE, ~35" major axis. Sometimes it seemed to have a brighter
spine, like a bar. A mag 15.5 star
is 30" S of center, just off the edge.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 12 = J. 1-7 on 7 Nov 1891 and recorded "pretty bright, elongated N-S, 20" or larger diameter.
******************************
00 20 20.1 +07 42 02; Psc
V = 14.6; Size 1.4'x0.4'; PA = 163°
24" (10/9/21): at 260x and 375x; faint, low surface brightness, often only a slightly brighter central region was seen. With careful viewing the extensions were seen, increasing the size to ~0.9'x0.3' NNW-SSE. Forms an equilateral triangle with two mag 14/14.5 stars 2' NE and 2' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 13 = J. 2-507 on 10 Nov 1892. His position is fairly accurate.
******************************
00 27 57.6 -00 03 41; Cet
V = 15.0; Size 0.4'x0.35'
24" (9/22/22): at 325x; very faint and small, round,
just 15" diameter, fairly low even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is ~2' NE and a 10th mag
star (very wide unequal pair) is 4' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 15 = J. 1-8 on 27 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. PGC doesn't label LEDA 165298 as IC 15.
******************************
00 28 07.7 -13 05 38; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 51°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, round,
25" diameter, nearly even surface brightness. Two mag 14.4 and 13.7 stars are 2' SE and 3' SE. Brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 16 = J. 1-9 on 3 Nov 1891. His position is fairly accurate.
******************************
00 28 29.8 +02 38 55; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 0.6'x0.55'
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round,
25" diameter, very small bright nucleus with a stellar peak. Member of the
UGC 275 appeared faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~40"x20" (central region), low surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 17 = J. 1-10 on 19 Aug 1892.
UGC, MCG and PGC misidentified IC 17 as UGC 275. It is correctly identified in CGCG and in modern databases NED, SIMBAD and LEDA.
******************************
00 28 35.0 -11 35 12; Cet
Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 29°
48" (10/25/14): at 488x; moderately bright, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", weak concentration with an overall fairly low surface brightness. A mag 16.5 star is adjacent to the center of the galaxy at the east edge.
The northern tidal tail was visible as a very faint, narrow
extension, ~1' long, to the north-northeast (PA 30°). The spike stretched roughly twice the length of the galaxy
and was slightly brighter or easier to view near where it emerged on the north
side of the galaxy. The tidal
plume to the south (not a bridge but extends in the general direction of
24" (9/15/12): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1
SW-NE, 30"x15", low surface brightness. Fainter of a pair (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 18 = J. 1-11, along with IC 19, on 31 Aug 1892. He noted "pF, S, irr, gradually brighter in the middle" and measured an accurate position.
******************************
IC 19 = Arp 100 NED2 = Mrk 949 = MCG -02-02-024 = PGC 1762
00 28 39.5 -11 38 27; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 30°
48" (10/25/14): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25'x 20", bright core, stellar nucleus. Brighter (higher surface brightness) of an interacting pair with IC 18 3.4' NNW.
24" (9/15/12): at 322x appeared fairly faint, fairly
small, slightly elongated, 25" diameter, weak even concentration. Brighter of pair (Arp 100) with IC
18 3.4' NNW. Located nearly at the midpoint of mag
7.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 19 = J. 1-12, along with IC 18, on 31 Aug 1892. He noted "R, 20" diameter, stellar [nucl] = 14m." and measured an accurate position.
******************************
IC 20 = MCG -02-02-021 = PGC 1755
00 28 39.7 -13 00 37; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, small bright core, good surface brightness. Brighter and easier to view than IC 16, located 9' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 20 = J. 1-13 on 3 Nov 1891 and noted "pB, R". His position is fairly close, but the offset is due to a misidentification of his offset star.
******************************
IC 21 = MCG +00-02-053 = PGC 1785
00 29 10.4 -00 09 50; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (9/22/22): at 325x; extremely faint, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness, requires averted vision and not held steadily. IC 15 lies
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 21 = J. 1-14 on 7 Nov 1891 and noted "pB, pS, irr." His position is accurate.
******************************
00 29 33.2 -09 04 51; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 45°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, small brighter core, ~25"x20". A mag 11 star is 3.4' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 22 = J. 1-15 on 14 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
00 30 50.8 -12 43 13; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, ~25" diameter, very small brighter nucleus and occasional stellar tip. A mag 12.7 star is 3.5' SSE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 23 = J. 1-16 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate to within 1'.
******************************
00 31 12.1 -00 24 26; Cet
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 39°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, overall diffuse but contains a small slightly brighter core. The weaker halo is slightly elongated SW-NE and extends ~30"x25". A mag 11.7 star is 3' N and a mag 12.4 star is a similar distance SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 25 = J. 1-17 on 27 Aug 1892. His position is accurate to within 1'.
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00 31 45.9 -13 20 16; Cet
V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5" (10/21/95): faint, very small, round, weak
concentration with a slightly brighter core. Forms a quadrilateral with three mag 14 stars, all within
2'. Located 3.5' SW of a mag 9.5
Stephane Javelle found IC 26 = J. 1-18, along with IC 27 and 28, on 4 Nov 1891. This galaxy was discovered earlier by Francis Leavenworth on 2 Oct 1886 and reported in list I-5 (later NGC 135). His rough position, though, is ~2 minutes too far west, but the identification is secure based on his sketch. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for NGC 135 around 1899 (repeated in the IC 2 notes) though Dreyer failed to equate NGC 135 and IC 26. So, IC 26 is likely an duplicate entry for NGC 135 (or vice versa). See NGC 135 for more.
******************************
00 33 06.2 -13 22 17; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 12.2 star is 2' E.
In a trio with
17.5" (12/3/88): very faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S, very low surface brightness. Located 7.9' SSE of mag 8.9 SAO 147331 and 8.6' NW of mag 8.6 SAO 147330. MCG -02-02-051 lies 13' N.
The RNGC misidentifies IC 27 as NGC 135.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 27 = J. 1-19, along with IC
28, on 4 Nov 1891 and recorded "faint, ill-defined, slightly elongated
along the diurnal movement, 20" long, brighter center." PGC and RNGC misidentify IC 27 as NGC
135, as well as secondary sources such as Megastar.
******************************
00 33 08.7 -13 27 22; Cet
V = 15.2; Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 85°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely faint, small, round,
20", diffuse, very low surface brightness. Located 6' NE of mag 8.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 28 = J. 1-20, along with IC
27, on 4 Nov. 1891. His position
is accurate. HyperLeda doesn't recognize
******************************
IC 29 = MCG +00-02-072 = CGCG 383-036 = PGC 2042
00 34 10.8 -02 10 39; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; very faint, very small, round,
15" diameter, low even surface brightness. First in a quartet with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 29 = J. 1-21, along with IC 30, 32 and 33, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 30 = MCG +00-02-074 = PGC 2050
00 34 14.7 -02 05 04; Cet
V = 15.1; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 23°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; extremely faint and small, 12" (probably the core only). The galaxy was only occasionally visible though confirmed. Second and probably faintest in a quartet of IC galaxies with IC 29 5.7' SSW.
With a redshift z between 0.79 and .082 (depending on the source), this galaxy has a light-travel time of just over 1 billion years.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 30 = J. 1-22, along with IC 29, 32 and 33, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate. This is one of the 5 most distant galaxies discovered visually in the NGC/IC.
******************************
00 34 24.6 +12 16 06; Psc
V = 14.2; Size 1.6'x0.3'; PA = 89°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, thin edge-on ~6:1 E-W and 1' in length. Sometimes only a small brighter core was visible. A mag 10.8 star is 4' SSW and a mag 12.5 star is 3.5' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 31 = J. 2-508 on 28 Nov
1893. His position and description
("faint, elongated E-W, pale uniform surf br.") matches
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00 35 01.7 -02 08 30; Cet
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 1°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; very faint, extremely small,
round, 12" diameter. Forms a
close pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 32 = J. 1-23, along with IC 29, 30 and 33, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate to within 30".
******************************
IC 33 = MCG +00-02-082 = PGC 2101
00 35 05.2 -02 08 16; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; similar or slightly fainter than IC 32, just 0.9' W. Appeared extremely to very faint, round, 12" diameter, no structure. Last in a quartet with IC 29, 30 and 32.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 33 = J. 1-24, along with IC 29, 30 and 32, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
00 35 36.4 +09 07 27; Psc
V = 12.6; Size 2.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 156°
24" (9/1/16): at 200x; fairly bright, fairly large,
elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.5'x0.6', bright core. A mag 15 star is 1.4' S of center, just off the south
end. Forms a pair with
Truman Safford discovered IC 34 = Sf. 97 = Sw. 9-1 on 22 Oct 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. The discovery list was not published until 1887 and Lewis Swift found the galaxy again on 18 Sep 1889 and reported it as new in his 9th list. Both Safford's and Swift's position are good and both are credited in the IC.
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00 37 39.9 +10 21 28; Psc
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 18°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, roundish, 30" diameter, low surface brightness. Appears as a diffuse glow with no core or nucleus. Situated 1.6' SW of a mag 10.2 star. Two mag 13.7 and 15.3 stars are 2' and 3' SW, with the galaxy on a line, along with the mag 10 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 35 = J. 2-509 on 6 Jan 1894.
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00 37 49.6 -15 26 29; Cet
Size 0.4'x0.4'
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint but very small,
round, 12"-15" diameter.
Unusual appearance with a stellar nucleus surrounded by a small, fairly
low surface brightness halo. A mag
13.7 star is 50" NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 36 = J. 1-25 on 25 Aug
1892. His position is
accurate. HyperLeda doesn't
recognize
******************************
00 38 34.2 -15 21 31; Cet
V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 158°
24" (10/9/21): at 260x and 375x; very faint, small, round, very low even surface brightness glow, ~20" diameter. Required care to pick out. A mag 12.2 star is 1.6' NE. IC 37 is the fainter of a physical pair with IC 38 3.8' SSE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 37 = J. 1-26, along with IC 38, on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate within 30".
******************************
IC 38 = MCG -03-02-030 = PGC 2311
00 38 38.8 -15 25 11; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.75'x0.55'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 65°
24" (10/9/21): at 260x; faint, small, round, low even surface brightness, 25" diameter. Can just hold with averted against a fairly bright sky background. Companion IC 37 (same redshift z = .054) lies 3.8' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 38 = J. 1-27, along with IC 37, on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate to within 30".
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00 39 08.4 -14 10 26; Cet
V = 12.6; Size 2.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 175°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 39 = J. 1-28 on 26 Aug 1892. His position matches
******************************
00 39 21.4 +02 27 22; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 14°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 0.6'x0.3', very small bright core. Located on the south side of the NGC
182 group (24' SE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 40 = J. 2-510 on 8 Jan 1894. His position is just off the northeast side of the galaxy.
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00 39 40.4 -14 10 28; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 162°
24" (9/30/16): at 282x; faint, small, slightly
elongated N-S, ~20"x15".
Located 3.7' N of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 41 = J. 1-29 on 26 Aug
1892. His position is accurate so
there is no doubt about the identification. Nevertheless MCG misidentifies
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00 41 05.8 -15 25 41; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 56°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; very faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", low even surface brightness. Two mag 14 and 15 stars are 1' S and 2' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 42 = J. 1-26 on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
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00 42 22.1 +29 38 30; And
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 117°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately
large, slightly elongated, 1' diameter, broad concentration, contains a
brighter core that gradually increases to the center. A mag 10.7 star is 3.4' SE.
17.5" (10/5/02): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.9'x0.7', broad concentration to a slightly brighter core. A faint stellar nucleus was visible with direct vision. Located 3.4' NW of a mag 10.4 star. Member of the Pisces-Perseus Supercluster.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 43 = Big. 106 on 15 Nov 1889 and noted "diffuse, with a stellar condensation, and seems slightly eccentric."
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00 42 15.8 +00 50 44; Cet
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 62°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 44 = Sw. 10-1 on 12 Nov 1890 and
reported "eF; S; R; bet 2 st." His position is ~2' north of
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00 42 36.4 +29 39 17; And
V = 15.2/15.7
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; very faint pair of mag 15/15.5 stars (less than 20" separation) situated 3' ENE of IC 43.
UGC, MCG, PGC and RC3 (and Megastar) misidentify UGC 449, situated 3.5' due north of IC 43, as IC 45. This galaxy appeared very faint, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 36"x15", low even surface brightness.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 45 = Big. 107, along with IC 43, on 15 Nov 1889. As reported by Corwin and Thompson, Bigourdan's position for IC 43 is good, but there is nothing at his estimated position for Big. 107. A decade later, he remeasured IC 43 and could not find Big. 107, but logged a possible cluster nearby. At his measured position is a mag 15/15.5 double star. UGC, MCG, PGC and RC3 (and Megastar) misidentify UGC 449, situated 3.5' due north of IC 43, as IC 45.
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00 42 58.0 +27 15 13; And
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 87°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, broad weak concentration with no distinct core, but occasional faint stellar nucleus. Decent surface brightness and quite easy. Collinear and equidistant with 2 mag 14.5 stars 1.5' NE and 3' NE. At low power (124x), a very scattered group of 8 mag 9-10 stars extends to the SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 46 = J. 2-511 on 5 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
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00 43 34.5 -08 11 11; Cet
V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 171°
18" (12/17/11): at 288x appeared moderately bright, fairly small, round, sharply concentrated with a very small, very bright 15" core surrounded by a much fainter 35" halo.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 48 = IC 1577 on 30 Nov 1888 with
the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory while sweeping for comets. He first reported in his notebook
"Picked up a smallish pB neb." He worked out an accurate postion
using the nearby offset star
As far as
Barnard believed IC 48 and
The galaxy was photographed 6 times between 1915 and 1919 at the Helwan Observatory in Egypt and reported in 1921 as displaying no variability.
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00 43 56.1 +01 51 01; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 107°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x: faint to fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W, 45"x35", slight brighter core region but overall low surface brightness. At moments it appeared a bit more elongated, perhaps 4:3 or 50"x35". A mag 14.4 star is 2.5' S.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 49 = Sw. 10-2 on 18 Sep 1890 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; eee diff. Faintest object ever seen here [at Warner Observatory]." His position is accurate. This statement surprises me as I've observed much fainter galaxies that Swift discovered in Draco.
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00 46 05.7 -09 30 11; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 168°
24" (9/30/16): at 282x; fairly faint, small, round,
18" diameter, gradually increases to a faint stellar nucleus. Situated within a triangle formed by
mag 9.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 50 = J. 1-32 on 27 Sep 1892. He noted "faint, appears as a mag 13 star surrounded by nebulosity" and measured an accurate position.
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00 46 24.2 -13 26 32; Cet
Size 1.3'x1.2'; PA = 30°
17.5" (12/11/99): at 280x, faint, fairly small, round,
0.6' diameter. A mag 15 star is
just off the SW edge [52" from center]. Located 28' E of mag 7.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 51 = J. 1-33 on 30 Aug 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "pB, S, bM, slightly mottled."
******************************
00 48 23.8 +04 05 31; Psc
V = 14.6; Size 0.95'x0.35'; PA = 95°
24" (11/30/21): at 322x; faint, elongated 2:1 E-W, 30"x15", slightly brighter core and nucleus with faint extensions. Situated within a group of stars and equidistant from two mag 10 stars 3' W and 3' N. A mag 12.5 star is 0.9' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 52 = J. 1-34 on 19 Aug 1892. His position is within 1' and the identification is secure.
******************************
00 50 40.8 +10 36 01; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 94°
24" (9/8/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small. The galaxy initially appeared elongated 4:3 or 3:2 E-W, ~30"x20" and brighter along the major axis, but then I realized there was a faint star [mag 15.7] at the western end of the galaxy that enhanced the elongation. IC 53 is located 21' W of STF 67, an excellent 9.0/9.6 pair at 2.3" that was easily resolved with plenty of black space between.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 53 = Sw. 10-3 on 25 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF pS; R; B * in field south. Others suspected." His position is about 3' too far northwest, but there are no other nearby galaxies and the description fits (a mag 8.5 star is 11' S).
******************************
00 51 42.4 +07 43 07; Psc
V = 13.7; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 175°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 or
5:2 N-S, ~30"x12", very small bright core. A mag 13.7 star is ~40" to the SE. Located 15' W of mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 55 = J. 2-512 on 10 Nov 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
00 51 29.9 -12 50 39; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.7'; PA = 9°
24" (9/23/22): at 285x and 325x; very faint low surface
brightness patch, round, very diffuse with no core, 25"-30"
diameter. Located 7.6' NE of mag
8.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 56 = J. 1-35 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
00 54 48.5 +11 50 28; Psc
V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.8'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; pretty faint, round, 20"-25" diameter, small brighter center, faint halo. A mag 15.5 star is off the SW side. IC 57 forms the eastern vertex of an equilateral triange with a mag 11.3 star 5' W and a two mag 12 stars 5' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 57 = J. 2-513 on 2 Dec 1893. His position is accurate to within 30".
******************************
00 55 02.4 -13 40 41; Cet
Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 105°
24" (9/23/22): at 325x; faint but easily visible,
elongated nearly 2:1 ~E-W, ~30"x18", very small brighter
nucleus. Bracketed by a mag 14.5
star [50" ESE] and a mag 15 star [1.2' NW].
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 58 = J. 1-36 on 23 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
00 57 14 +61 10.8; Cas
Size 10'x5'
18" (12/22/11): best view was unfiltered at 108x. Appears as a faint, large, irregular glow, roughly 8'x5'. Elongated E-W and extends to a group of a half-dozen stars at the NE end. This group of stars is also possibly involved with the haze. There is a slightly brighter patch on the south side. Located 25' N of Gamma Cas.
18" (7/15/07): this large reflection nebula just 20' N
of Gamma Cas (Navi) has a low even surface brightness and appears as a large
oval-shaped hazy region ~6'x4' and elongated ~N-S. Fainter of pair with
17.5" (11/1/86): located 20' N of Gamma Cassiopeia. This emission nebula is larger than IC 63 but has a lower surface brightness. Easy with averted vision and appears large, elongated ~N-S, with a fairly even surface brightness. IC 63 lies 20' SE.
13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, fairly large, very diffuse, visible with averted only. Forms a pair with IC 63.
Max Wolf and E.E. Barnard discovered IC 59 and 63 independently on photographs taken in 1893-94. Max Wolf announced the discovery in AN 134 [3214], 365 (1894) with the title "Ueber einige neue Nebelflecke" (Some New Nebulae). The image was probably taken towards the end of 1893, though no specific date is given. E.E. Barnard first photographed the field on 2 Feb 1894 with the exposure of 3 hrs. In an article titled "Photographic Nebulosities and star clusters connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astro-Physics, Vol XIII, No. 3, March 1894), he added "before beginning this [second] exposure [on 6 Feb 1894], I carefully examined the sky close to Gamma with the 12-inch and a power of 80, with a field of 42'. The sky was fine. It was with the utmost difficulty that I could see these two nebulae. They were excessively dilute and faint, and never would have detected if the photographic plate [his first exposure on 2 Feb] had not revealed them."
Isaac Roberts photographed the Gamma Cas area earlier on 17 Jan 1890, but his image shows no nebulosity and he failed to mention any in the field.
******************************
IC 60 = MCG -02-03-049 = PGC 3324
00 56 04.2 -13 21 28; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (9/23/22): at 285x and 325x; faint, failry small, slightly elongated, very small brighter core and nucleus, ~25"x20". IC 58 lies 24' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 60 = J. 1-37 on 30 Aug 1892. His position matches PGC 3324.
******************************
00 57 07.2 +07 30 25; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x1.0'
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; between faint and fairly
faint, small, slightly elongated, ~20" diameter, stellar nucleus. Located 4' SE of mag 9.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 61 = J. 2-514 on 10 Nov 1892. His position matches UGC 589.
******************************
00 58 43.9 +11 48 29; Psc
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 25°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly low surface brightness, elongated 4:3 or 5:4 SSW-NNE, occasional sharp stellar nucleus. The halo has an irregular surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is 2' W and a mag 15 star is 2.5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 62 = J. 2-515 on 2 Dec
1893. His position is
accurate. The MCG doesn't label
******************************
IC 63 = Ced 4b = Sh 2-185 = LBN 622 = vdB 5b
00 59 29 +60 54 40; Cas
Size 10'x3'
18" (7/15/07): unusual triangular or wedge-shaped nebula just 20' NE of Gamma Cas. At 115x appears fairly large, elongated SW-NE, ~6' diameter, with the brighter vertex at the west end. The southern edge, which extends towards the SW, is slightly brighter and more sharply defined. The interior of the wedge is slightly fainter with subtle brightness variations. The OIII and UHC filter dimmed the object. IC 63 is brighter than IC 59, which is found 20' N of Gamma.
17.5" (11/1/86): distinct fan-shaped nebulosity extending east and NE with the vertex at the west end. The southern border (extending E-W) has a sharper edge. Brighter than nearby IC 59 in the field 20' NW. Located 20' NE of Gamma Cassiopeiae.
13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, fairly large, very diffuse, fan-shaped. Forms a pair with IC 63.
Max Wolf and E.E. Barnard discovered IC 59 and 63 independently on photographs taken in 1893-94. Max Wolf announced the discovery in AN 134 [3214], 365 (1894) with the title "Ueber einige neue Nebelflecke" (Some New Nebulae). The image was probably taken towards the end of 1893, though no specific date is given. E.E. Barnard first photographed the field on 2 Feb 1894 with the exposure of 3 hrs. In an article titled "Photographic Nebulosities and star clusters connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astro-Physics, Vol XIII, No. 3, March 1894), he added "before beginning this [second] exposure [on 6 Feb 1894], I carefully examined the sky close to Gamma with the 12-inch and a power of 80, with a field of 42'. The sky was fine. It was with the utmost difficulty that I could see these two nebulae. They were excessively dilute and faint, and never would have detected if the photographic plate [his first exposure on 2 Feb] had not revealed them."
******************************
00 59 24.4 +27 03 33; Psc
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x1.0'; PA = 148°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~30"x20", low surface brightness, ill-defined
slightly brighter core region.
Member of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 64 = J. 2-516 on 5 Dec 1893. His postion matches UGC 613. The CGCG doesn't identify 480-030 as IC 64.
******************************
01 00 55.6 +47 40 55; And
V = 12.8; Size 3.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 155°
17.5" (9/1/02): fairly faint, fairly large, edge-on 4:1
NNW-SSE, 2.5'x0.6'. Contains a
slightly brighter, bulging core.
The outer tips fades into the background, so it was difficult to estimate
the full extent. A faint star is
just off the following side of the core and a pair of mag 14 stars is off the
southeast extension. Located in a
rich star field 8.5' WSW of mag 8
17.5" (11/26/94): fairly faint, moderately large, very
elongated 7:2 NNW-SSE, 3.5'x1.0', weak concentration to a brighter middle but
no nucleus. Several faint stars
are near including a mag 14 star at the northwest tip and two mag 14 stars are
situated on either side of the south-southeast end. A brighter mag 12 star is 3.5' NNW of center. Located 8.6' WSW of mag 7.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 65 = Sw. 10-4 on 25 Sep 1890 and recorded "eF; pL; vE; 2 B st. in field; one f[ollowing] the other s[outh]."
******************************
01 00 32.5 +30 47 50; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 125°
17.5" (10/5/02): faint, elongated 2:1 NW-SE,
0.6'x0.3'. Located 8' N of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 66 = Big. 108 on 12 Nov 1890 with the 12" refractor at the Paris Observatory.
******************************
IC 69 = MCG +05-03-041 = CGCG 501-066 = LGG 014-041 = PGC 3666 = PGC 1929122
01 01 23.8 +31 02 29; Psc
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5" (10/5/02): faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, 0.8'x0.6', low even surface brightness. Located 4' SW of mag 8.4
Truman Safford discovered IC 69 = Sf. 66 on 8 Nov 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and recorded "F, iF, little brighter in the middle."
******************************
01 04 53.1 +04 46 03; Psc
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 149°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x; faint, small, round, 0.3' diameter. :pcated 16' SW of 77 Psc, a bright, wide double star (STF 90 = 6.8/7.6 at 33").
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 73 = J. 1-39 on 20 Aug 1892. His position is accurate to within 30".
******************************
01 05 56.0 +04 05 25; Psc
V = 14.5; Size 0.55'x0.4'; PA = 5°
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly
faint, slightly elongated, 25"x20", very small brighter nucleus,
faint halo. Located 7.5' SSE of
mag 7.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 74 = J. 1-40 on 19 Aug 1892. His position is 1' too bar north, but the identification is certain.
******************************
01 07 11.6 +10 50 13; Psc
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 30°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, moderate surface brightness, slightly elongated ~4:3 N-S, ~30"x24", irregular surface brightness. A faint star [mag 15.4] is superimposed on the south side, ~10" from center. A mag 13 star is 1.7' S and a mag 14 star is a similar distance north.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 75 = J. 2-517 on 17 Oct 1892. His position matches IC 75. MCG doesn't label MCG +02-03-035 as IC 75.
******************************
01 08 11.7 -04 33 16; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.35'; PA = 115°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, surprisingly easy with a fairly good surface brightness to the central region. Initially it seemed only slightly elongated. But with averted vision, there was a much lower surface elongated halo WNW-SSE, ~35"x15", that was slightly misaligned with the core. A mag 13.3 star is 1.8' WNW and a mag 10.4 star is 6' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 76 = J. 2-518 on 14 Dec 1892 and noted "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter middle. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 08 43.7 -15 25 15; Cet
Size 0.5'x0.5'
18" (11/22/03): extremely faint and small, round,
10" diameter. Only visible
intermittently. Located just 2' SW
of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 77 = J. 1-41, along with IC
80 on 31 Aug 1892. Harold Corwin
notes that Javelle's positions are unambiguous although MCG misidentified IC 80
(the double galaxy
******************************
01 08 47.6 -15 50 34; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 124°
18" (11/22/03): faint, moderately large, fairly low
surface brightness with weak concentration. Initially just a 40" core was noticed but with extended
viewing larger extensions increased the total size to ~1.2'x0.6'. Possible member of AGC 151 or in a
foreground group with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 78 = J. 1-42, along with IC 79 and 82, on 30 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 79 = MCG -03-04-011 = PGC 4082
01 08 49.7 -15 56 55; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3
18" (11/22/03): faint, small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", a mag 14 star is just off the NNE edge, 30" from center. Located between IC 78 6.4' N and IC 82 5' SE in AGC 151 (or possibly a foreground cluster).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 79 = J. 1-43, along with IC 78 and 82, on 30 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 80 = MCG -03-04-008 = MCG -03-04-009 = SCG 8 = PGC 4072 =
01 08 51.1 -15 24 23; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 45°
18" (11/22/03): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 40"x25", low even surface brightness. This is a double system [nuclei separated by 11"] which was not resolved. IC 80 itself forms a close pair with IC 77 2' SW in AGC 151.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 80 = J. 1-44, along with IC
77, on 31 Aug 1892. Although
Javelle's positions are unambiguous MCG misidentifies IC 80 as IC 77 and SIMBAD
misidentifies
******************************
01 09 22.3 -01 41 45; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 135°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, sharp stellar nucleus, surround by a small 15" halo that was better seen with averted vision. A mag 13.2 is close southeast [0.8' from center].
Forms a pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 81 = Sw. 7-2 on 18 Oct 1887 and reported
"eF;, S; lE; * close nf."
His position is 2.8' WNW of
******************************
IC 82 = MCG -03-04-013 = PGC 4103
01 09 05.8 -16 00 01; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 111°
18" (11/22/03): very faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter, low surface brightness. Third in the 257x field close south of the core of AGC 151 with IC 79 5' NW and IC 78 10' NW. Located 6' NW of a mag 10.4 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 82 = J. 1-45, along with IC 78 and 79, on 30 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 10 29.8 +01 41 22; Cet
V = 14.6; Size 0.65'x0.4'; PA = 114°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; faint, fairly low surface
brightness, slightly elongated WNW-ENE, ~25"x20", very weak
concentration. A 20" pair of
mag 14.2/14.6 stars is just off the NE side and nearly collinear with the
galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 83 = J.1-46, along with IC 84, on 5 Nov 1891. His position is 1.3' too far northwest (similar offset error as IC 84), but the identification is certain.
******************************
IC 84 = MCG +00-04-029 = CGCG 385-021 = PGC 4265
01 11 25.6 +01 38 25; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 11°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; at 375x; fairly faint, small roundish core with gradual weak concentration to the center. The halo is faint, very diffuse, elongated N-S, ~30"x20". A mag 12.6 star is 3' SE. IC 83 lies 14' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 84 = J.1-47, along with IC 83, on 5 Nov 1891. His position is 1.2' too far northwest (similar offset error as IC 83) and both identifications are certain. The redshift of IC 84 is less than 1/2 that of IC 83, so the galaxies are unrelated.
******************************
01 13 28.5 -16 14 30; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 142°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"-24" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 86 = J. 1-48 on 2 Sep 1892. His position matches PGC 165316, although both LEDA and SIMBAD fail to identify this galaxy as IC 86.
******************************
01 14 15.8 +00 45 55; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (9/23/22): at 285x; very faint, round, low even
surface brightness, just a dim patch of 20"-25" diameter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 87 = J. 2-519, along with IC 88, on 12 Dec 1893. Both of his positions are offset about 30" to the northwest, so the identifications are certain.
******************************
01 14 31.3 +00 47 30; Cet
V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 128°
24" (9/23/22): at 285x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15", very low uniform surface brightness. Located 2' W of a mag 11.2 star and 4' NE of IC 87.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 88 = J. 2-520, along with IC 87, on 12 Dec 1893. Both of his positions are offset about 30" to the northwest, so the identifications are certain but MCG misidentified +00-04-049 as IC 88. The correct galaxy is not in the MCG. As a result, IC 88 is also misidentified in PGC and HyperLeda (as well as Megastar).
******************************
01 16 03.6 +04 17 38; Psc
V = 12.4; Size 2.0'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5" (12/23/92): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
4:3 NW-SE, prominent sharp bright core with a nearly stellar nucleus. This galaxy is identified as IC 89 in
UGC, CGCG and RC3.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 89 = J. 1-49 on 20 Aug
1892. His position matches CGCG
411-016 = PGC 4578. This galaxy is
possibly identical to NGC 446, discovered by Marth on 23 Oct 1864. Marth's position is 1.0 minute of RA
west of IC 89. UGC, CGCG, MCG and
RC3 use IC 89 as the primary designation for this galaxy. Karl Reinmuth also makes the
equivalence NGC 446 = IC 89 and gives the IC position. UGC, CGCG (411-010) and RNGC identify
******************************
01 16 30.3 -07 58 37; Cet
V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x1.1'
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; relatively bright and well defined. round, ~40" diameter, good surface brightness, occasional very small bright nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is 2' E. Located 0.5° E of 37 Cet = 5.2/7.9 pair at 49".
N. M. Parrish discovered IC 90 on 2 Jan 1889 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He noted "small bright middle nucleus." and the size estimated at 12". Ormond Stone, who authored the paper, was credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
01 18 39.4 +02 33 13; Cet
V = 15.2; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 63°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, 15"-20", diffuse, low even surface brightness except for perhaps a small brightening at the center. A small triangle of stars is 3' to 4' NW. IC 91 is located 6' E of mag 7.6 HD 7855.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 91 = J. 2-521 on 8 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 19 48.4 +32 46 04; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 0°
17.5" (12/23/89): extremely faint, small. A mag 15 star is 1' NW. Located 10' WNW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 92 = Big. 115 on 2 Nov
1885 with the 12" refractor at Paris. His position is a fairly close match with
In March 2015, Harold Corwin checked Herschel's observing logs (in response to an inquiry from Courtney Seligman about the identity) and found that Herschel made an error in reducing the position of NGC 468 by 37 seconds (recording the wrong wire). Once corrected, his position for h98 = NGC 468 is a close match with NGC 472 = UGC 870, a significantly brighter galaxy than IC 92. So, IC 92 should be the single identity for this galaxy. See NGC 468 for more.
******************************
01 19 02.3 -17 03 37; Cet
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 170°
18" (11/13/07): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
at least 3:1 NNW-SSE, 0.7'x0.2', broad weak concentration. The tips taper, though there is a
strong impression of irregularities at the tips. Forms a pair with much fainter
18" (12/18/06): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2
NNW-SSE, 0.75'x0.3', weak concentration, slightly asymmetric appearance at the
ends. IC 1667 lies 4.8' W. Located 11' W of mag 8.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 93 = Sw. 9-2 on 28 Sep 1889 and
recorded "vF; pS; lE; 8 mag * f 46 seconds and 1' north." His position and description
matches
******************************
01 19 17.9 -12 34 27; Cet
Size 0.55'x0.5'
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, very low surface brightness. Viewed well west of the meridian at a low altitude.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 95 = J. 1-50, along with IC
98, on 3 Nov 1891. His position
matches
******************************
01 20 33.2 +29 37 01; Psc
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.3'; PA = 43°
24" (10/1/16): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
2:1 SW-NE, ~30"x15", low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with
Truman Safford discovered IC 96 = Sf. 69 on 1 Dec 1866 and
recorded "pB, pS, very much brighter middle to a nucleus =
12-13m". His position is 4.6'
NW of
******************************
01 20 02.0 +14 51 40; Psc
V = 15.0; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 97 = Big. 3-117 on 12 Oct 1888 while searching for NGC 475, which he misidentified as a star. His position matches NGC 475, which was discovered by Marth on 3 Nov 1864. The NGC position (supposedly an improved micrometric position from C.H.F. Peters) is 0.3 minutes of RA too far east, so Dreyer mistakenly assumed Big. 117 was a new object and catalogued it again as IC 97. So, IC 97 = NGC 475, with discovery credit to Marth.
******************************
01 20 54.9 -12 36 17; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, diffuse, very low even surface brightness. IC 95 is 24' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 98 = J. 1-51, along with IC 95, on 3 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 22 27.4 -12 57 09; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, occasionally seems slightly elongated. An extremely faint mag 15.7 star is just off the south edge. Viewed well west of the meridian at fairly low altitude.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 99 = J. 1-52 on 2 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 22 54.0 -04 38 35; Cet
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.75'; PA = 88°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; nearly moderately bright, oval
elongated 4:3 E-W, 0.8'x0.6', good surface brightness, gradually increases to a
very small bright core. Located
12' SE of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 100 = J. 2-522 on 14 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 24 08.6 +09 55 50; Psc
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 127°
18" (12/3/05): faint hazy spot, irregularly round,
~20"-25" diameter. A mag
14.5 star lies 1' S. Pair with
fainter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 101 = J. 2-523, along with IC 102 and 114, and recorded "vF, E, about 1' long, no central condensation." It was found again on a Crossley reflector plate taken by Keeler in 1898-1900 and catalogued as a new nebula (#28) in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII.
******************************
IC 102 = UGC 954 = CGCG 436-040 = PGC 5172
01 24 26.3 +09 53 12; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 111°
18" (12/3/05): extremely faint, very small, 15" diameter, no details. Marginal object that was just glimpsed as drifted through the field. Located 8' SW of NGC 522 in the NGC 524 group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 102 = J. 2-524, along with IC 101 and 114, and recorded "eF, S, poorly defined, no central condensation." It was found again on a Crossley reflector plate taken by Keeler in 1898-1900 and catalogued as a new nebula (#29) in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII.
******************************
01 24 36.4 +02 02 39; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 127°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint, very small, slightly
elongated NW-SE, 25"x20", quasi-stellar nucleus. First in a triplet (WBL 043) with IC
105 3' NE and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 103 = J. 1-53, along with IC 105 and 109, on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded "faint, round, 10" diameter." His positions are all offset ~1' to the northwest, but the identifications are certain.
******************************
01 24 46.2 +02 04 31; Cet
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.25'; PA = 47°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; very faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25"x20". A mag 12.8 star is 2.2' N and a mag 14.5 star is 1.3' SE. In a trio (WBL 043) with IC 103 3' SW and IC 109 7' ESE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 105 = J. 1-54, along with IC 103 and 109, on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded "faint, round, 5" diameter, small central condensation." His positions are all offset ~1' to the northwest, but the identifications are certain.
******************************
01 24 41.7 -01 35 14; Cet
V = 13.1; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 134°
17.5" (9/19/87): fairly faint, fairly small, oval
NW-SE, weak concentration. A mag
13 star is at the SE end 0.9' from center. Forms a pair with
13.1" (9/22/84): moderately bright, edge-on NW-SE, bright core. A mag 12 star is off the SE end.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 106 = Big. 3-119 on 16 Nov
1887. This galaxy was discovered a
year earlier by Lewis Swift and reported in his sixth list (Sw. 6-9 = NGC
530). Swift's RA is 15 seconds too
large, so Bigourdan and Dreyer missed the equivalence IC 106 = NGC 530 until
the field was examined again in 1897 by Herbert Howe. MCG identifies this galaxy as IC 106 only (
******************************
01 25 24.7 +14 51 53; Psc
V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 6°
24" (12/1/13): moderately to fairly bright, small,
round, 20", high surface brightness.
Gradually increases towards the center, then a sharp stellar
nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is at the
southwest edge. Brightest in a
small trio with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 107 = Sw. 10-5 on 18 Sep 1890 and
recorded "vF; vS; R; * close preceding." His position is 19 seconds of RA west of
Stephane Javelle independently found PGC 5271 again on 18
Jan 1896 (along with IC 1698, IC 1704 and
******************************
01 24 39.0 -12 38 08; Cet
Size 0.9'x0.25'; PA = 4°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint but not difficult,
elongated nearly 3:1 N-S, 0.6'x0.2'.
Situated 4.5' SE of mag 9.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 108 = J. 1-55 on 3 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 109 = UGC 980 = MCG +00-04-128 = CGCG 385-117 = WBL 043-003 = PGC 5251
01 25 13.0 +02 04 01; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 90°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated, low surface brightness, 25" diameter, very weak concentration. A mag 14.7 star is 1.6' W and a mag 15.4 star is off the west side [0.6' from center]. Third in a trio with IC 105 6.7' WNW and IC 103 9' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 109 = J. 1-56, along with IC 103 and 105, on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded "pretty bright, round, 10" diameter." His positions are all offset ~1' to the northwest, but the identifications are certain.
******************************
01 26 03.0 +11 26 35; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 128°
24" (9/22/22): at 325x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, nearly even surface brightness, 30"x20". Two mag 14/14.5 stars oriented NW-SE are off the NE side. Several mag 11-12 stars are in an elongated group to the north.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 112 = J. 2-525 on 4 Dec 1893. His position matches UGC 1008 to within 30" and the identification is certain.
******************************
01 26 25.5 +19 11 31; Psc
Size 0.35'x0.35'
24" (10/1/16): at 375x; very faint to faint, small,
round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness. Situated 2.7' NE of mag 5.4 Rho Psc and 5' SW of mag 5.5 94
Psc! These stars are very bright
and very distracting if within the field!
It was easy to place 94 Psc outside the edge of the field and with a
little care Rho Psc could also be moved just outside the edge of the 10mm Zeiss
Abbe Ortho.
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 113, along with IC 115, on 26 Jul 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "vF, 3' nf of * 5m [Rho Psc]" and measured an accurate positon based on the bright star.
******************************
01 26 22.6 +09 54 36; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 150°
18" (12/3/05): extremely faint, small, appears as a low surface brightness spot ~25" diameter, appears elongated but too faint for details. A mag 13 star lies 1.8' W. Located 30' NE of NGC 524 in a large group of galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 114 = J. 2-526, along with IC 101 and 102, and recorded "eF, vS, R, 20" diameter."
******************************
IC 115 = MCG +03-04-039 = CGCG 459-054 = PGC 5395
01 26 54.4 +19 12 53; Psc
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (10/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, fairly even surface brightness. Located 3.4' SE of mag 5.5 94 Piscium and 9.6' NE of mag 5.4 Rho Piscium. IC 115 is the brightest cluster member of AGC 195.
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 115, along with IC 113, on 26 Jul 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory while examining whether the nearby bright stars were double. He noted "vF, * 6m [94 Psc] 3.5' npp" and measured an accurate offset with respect to the star.
******************************
01 26 50.6 -04 58 57; Cet
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 127°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; uneven surface brightness and perhaps brighter along part of the western edge. A mag 12 star is 1.6' E and a mag 13 star is 1.6' NNW. IC 118 lies 11' ESE.
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, easily visible
with direct vision, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, edge of halo ill-defined (like a
face-on spiral), gradual fairly weak concentration with a slightly brighter
core and an occasional faint stellar nucleus. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 12 star
1.5' E and a mag 13 star 1.5' NW.
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.6', weak concentration, no distinct core.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 116 = J. 1-57, along with IC
118, on 14 Dec 1892. His position
matches
******************************
01 27 25.4 -01 54 47; Cet
V = 13.0; Size 1.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 178°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 117 = J. 1-58 on 6 Nov 1891. There is nothing at his position but
Harold Corwin discovered that Javelle misidentified his offset star. Once corrected, Javelle's offsets point
directly to
******************************
IC 118 = MCG -01-04-053 = PGC 5446
01 27 36.0 -04 59 51; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, very low surface brightness, difficult but confirmed with a few very good pops. Brighter IC 116 is 11' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 118 = J. 2-527, along with IC
116, on 14 Dec 1892. His position
matches
******************************
01 27 55.0 -02 02 26; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x0.5'; PA = 77°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint, fairly small, very
elongated 3:1 E-W, low even surface brightness, 0.6'x0.2'. The view is significantly compromised
by mag 7.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 119 = J. 1-59 on 6 Nov 1891
and recorded "faint, elongated E-W, without condensation." His position matches
******************************
IC 120 = CGCG 385-152 = WBL 047-004 = PGC 5484
01 28 13.0 -01 54 56; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 138°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 30"x12. Located 6.6' ESE of NGC 564 and 7.7' NNE of mag 7.0 HD 8943.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 120 = J. 1-60 on 4 Nov 1875 during an observation of NGC 560 and 564. His approximate position was 1.5' to the NE, matching the offsets of the two NGCs. For some reason he never measured an accurate position or published the discovery. Stephane Javelle discovered it again on 3 Dec 1891 (first list, #60) and recorded "faint, small, diffuse, appears as a whitish spot, without condensation.
******************************
01 28 21.8 +02 30 47; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 108°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 3:2 or 5:3 E-W, 0.6'x0.4', slightly brighter elongated core. The galaxy forms the western vertex
with a near equilateral triangle with a 22" pair of mag 14.5 stars 3' ENE
and a slightly wider pair 3' SE.
Mag 10
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 121 = J. 2-528, along with IC 123, on 6 Jan 1894. Both positions are offset ~1.3' too far NNW, but there is no doubt on the identifications.
******************************
IC 123 = MCG +00-04-161 = CGCG 385-157 = Ark 49 = UM 105 =
01 28 51.5 +02 26 47; Cet
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 43°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, compact appearance, 0.4'x0.3', fairly even surface brightness. Situated just 2.5' SSE of mag 10 HD 9011 and the star slightly affects the view. IC 121 lies 8.5' NW. The pair lies at a similar redshift.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 123 = J. 2-529, along with IC 121, on 6 Jan 1894. Both positions are offset ~1.3' too far NNW, but there is no double on the identifications.
******************************
01 29 47.9 -01 59 01; Cet
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.8
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter (core only). Just visible continuously with averted. Located less than 1' N of a mag 12.6 star and 13' W of NGC 577, in the eastern outskirts of AGC 194.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 126 = J. 1-64 on 6 Jan
1891. His position matches UGC
1071, situated 13' W of
******************************
01 29 47.6 -06 58 48; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.7'x0.4'; PA = 110°
24" (10/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large,
very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.3', slightly brighter core. The view is somewhat hampered by a mag
12.5 star that is superimposed on the south edge of the southeast
extension. The galaxy extends mostly
NW of this star. Situated 4.3' WNW
of a mag 9.7 star and 24' WSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 127 = J. 2-530 on 14 Dec 1892. He noted "faint, pretty small, diffuse, very close to a mag 11.5 star" and measured an accurate position.
******************************
01 31 23.9 -12 37 28; Cet
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 165°
24" (10/1/16): at 375x; very faint, small, round,
15" diameter. IC 128 is the
fainter of a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 128 = J. I-65, along with IC 129, on 3 Jan 1891. He noted "faint, round, with stellar nucleus" and measured an accurate position. The MCG incorrectly equates -02-04-062 with IC 128, instead of -02-04-063.
******************************
IC 129 = MCG -02-05-001 = PGC 5675
01 31 31.2 -12 39 16; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.7'; PA = 78°
24" (10/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 WSW-ENE, 24"x16" (central region), contains a small bright nucleus that gradually increases to the center. Forms a physical pair with IC 128 2.6' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 121 = J. 2-528, along with IC 123 = J. 2-529, on 6 Jan 1894. Both positions are offset about 1.2' too far NNW, but the identifications are certain.
******************************
01 31 28.7 -15 35 30; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, diffuse, 20"-25" diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter core. Forms the southern vertex of a flat triangle with a mag 13.3 star 3.5' NNE and a mag 12.2 star 5.7' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 130 = J. 1-67 on 2 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 33 14.6 +30 44 56; Tri
18" (12/8/07): faint, quasi-stellar knot to the
southeast of a N-S pair of stars (this pair is also collinear with
17.5" (10/25/97): very faint, very small, round,
10" diameter. This HII region
is located 10' WNW of the center of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 131 = Big. 122, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889.
******************************
01 33 15.8 +30 56 45; Tri
Size 0.8'x0.6'
18" (12/8/07): this faint HII complex in M33 appears as
a 20"-25" knot, situated just 1' N of a 10" pair of mag 13 stars
and 1.5' W of mag 9.3
17.5" (10/25/97): faint but easily visible HII knot of 20" diameter. Located 1' N of a pair of mag 13 stars at 10" separation and 1.6' W of a mag 9 star. Forms the northern member of a pair of HII regions with IC 133 3.4' S.
13.1" (8/5/83): very faint knot.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 132 = Big. 123, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889.
******************************
01 33 15.8 +30 53 05; Tri
V = 14.3
18" (12/8/07): this star cloud/HII complex appeared as a faint, fairly large diffuse patch, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.4'. Located 15' NW of the center of M33 and 4' SSW of mag 9.3 HD 9444. IC 132 lies 3.5' N.
17.5" (10/25/97): faint, diffuse, hazy HII region of 35" diameter at the NW end of M33 15' NW of the center. Forms a "pair" with IC 132 3.4' N. This object is larger than IC 132 at times with averted vision but has a lower surface brightness.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 133 = Big. 124, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. Harold Corwin notes that Bigourdan's position is "toward the southern end where there appears to be a fairly compact HII region."
******************************
01 34 15.8 +30 37 11; Tri
18" (12/8/07): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated N-S, ~1.0'x0.5'. Located off the ESE side of the core of M33 on the opposite side of the core from NGC 595.
17.5" (7/5/86 and 10/25/97): fairly faint, fairly
small, 1' diameter. This HII
region is located 6' ESE of the center of M33 and is symmetrically placed on
the opposite side of M33 from
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 135 = Big. 126, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. Harold Corwin notes that Bigourdan made an error with the "estimated offset from M33's nucleus of his comparison star". It also appears that his offsets were applied with the wrong signs as the relative positions of these objects are reversed in RA as well as declination! As a result, the IC positions for IC 135, 136, 139, and 140 are incorrect and out of RA order. But if the relative differences in RA and NPD are reversed and applied to IC 135 at the position given here, then they land on the correct positions for IC 136, 139 and 140.
******************************
01 34 17 +30 34 00; Tri
Size 0.6'
18" (12/8/07): faint, fairly large, very low surface
brightness patch, ~1.5' diameter, located 3.5' S of IC 135. Appears roughly circular, though the
outline is ill defined. This
object is not as prominent as nearby
17.5" (10/25/97): very faint, ill-defined hazy region in M33 between IC 135 3.5' N and a mag 11.5 star 2.5' SSE (just west of the line connecting these objects). Appears as a slightly locally brighter region of 30" diameter and not as noticeable as the other IC HII regions - would have passed over if casually sweeping galaxy. This star association may have a smaller HII component.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 136 = Big. 127, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. See IC 135.
******************************
01 33 39.1 +30 31 20; Tri
18" (12/8/07): very large brightening in the outer spiral arm, ~9' to the SSW of the center of M33, ~2.5'x2.0'. M33-A14 lies NW.
17.5" (7/5/86): very faint HII knot or star association in M33 located along the main southern spiral arm 10' SSW of center of M33.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 137 = Big. 128, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. His micrometric position falls within M33-A12; IC 137 is the southwestern part of the association.
******************************
01 33 02.0 -00 41 23; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 27°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; moderately faint, oval 4:3 ~N-S, ~40"x30", fairly low surface brightness halo. A faint star (mag 15.5+) is at the E edge. A mag 10.6 star is 8' SE.
Aaron Skinner, an assistant to Truman Safford, discovered IC
138 = Sf. 95 on 27 Sep 1867. His
position is 2' WNW of
******************************
01 33 59.2 +30 34 03; Tri
18" (12/8/07): fairly small, ~45"x30, extended
N-S, moderately bright HII knot/cluster forming a 1' pair with
17.5" (7/5/86 and 10/25/97): fairly prominent elongated HII region and star association just following a mag 13 star 5.4' SSE of the center of M33. Extended ~N-S, perhaps 2.0'x0.5' and consists of two brighter knots at both ends (the size appears too large). Similar view on 7/5/86.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 139 = Big. 129, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. See IC 135.
******************************
01 33 58.1 +30 33 02; Tri
18" (12/8/07): this moderately bright knot (cluster) in M33 is ~35" in diameter, roundish and located just 1' S of IC 139.
17.5" (7/5/86 and 10/25/97): located SSW of IC 139 in M33 and visible as an easy knot, ~1' in diameter with ill-defined edges. There is a second knot close west which is slightly fainter.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 140 = Big. 130, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. See IC 135.
******************************
01 32 51.7 -14 48 53; Cet
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; unusual appearance with a very small and bright core that is offset to the west side - the halo is larger and extends further on the east side). A mag 14.5 star is 2' E and a mag 15.5 star is less than 1' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 141 = J. 1-68 on 5 Dec 1891
and recorded "pretty bright, round, with eccentrically placed
core." His position matches
******************************
01 33 55.6 +30 45 26; Tri
Size 0.5'
24" (12/28/13):
18" (12/10/07): fairly bright, small, contains a bright core and faint extensions SW-NE, ~25"x13". Forms the south vertex of an equilateral triangle with two mag 11 stars 3' WNW and 3' N.
17.5" (10/25/97): fairly faint, very small, round. Stands out nicely 6' N of the center of
M33. Either contains a stellar
spot near the center or a faint star is superimposed. This "stellar spot" is likely B324, the brightest
individual star in M33 excluding Luminous Blue Variables. B324 is an A-type supergiant with a V
magnitude of 15.2. IC 142 is the first of three HII regions in the spiral arm
containing IC 142,
13.1" (8/16/82): faint knot in arm leading to NGC 604.
Bindon Blood Stoney or his brother George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistants, discovered NGC 595 on 2 Feb 1851 (or perhaps on the 13 Sep 1850 observation, "full of knots"). An offset was measured from a star superimposed just north of the core of M33. The nebula was labeled as "2" on the diagram in the 1861 publication. No coordinates were ever measured at Birr Castle.
Guillaume Bigourdan independently discovered IC 139 = B. 131, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. Bigourdan was credited with the discovery in the IC as Dreyer had no way of confirmng Stoney's #2 was the same object.
******************************
01 34 11.2 +30 46 38; Tri
18" (12/10/07): very faint, small, hazy patch, ~25"x20", situated close west of a mag 13.5 star and 4.5' due west of NGC 604. Immediately noticed at 225x, though diffuse with an ill-defined outline. Forms a pair with M33-A71 just 1.5' NW. A71 appeared very faint, small, low surface brightness patch, ~20" diameter. It is perhaps slightly fainter than nearby IC 143 (= A75), but with averted vision A71 has a better defined border. IC 143 is primarily a star cloud (no HII emission), while A71 is an HII region.
17.5" (10/25/97): appears as a very faint, hazy patch close WNW of a mag 13.5 star. This HII region (M31-A75) is located 5' W of NGC 604 and 8' NNE of the center of M33. M33-A71 is another very faint, 20" knot just 1.3' NW that appeared slightly brighter than IC 143. This is the second of three HII regions along with IC 142 3.5' WSW and NGC 604 5' E in the spiral arm attached at the west side of M33 and winding towards the NE.
13.1" (8/16/82): very faint, small knot in arm leading to NGC 604.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 143 = Big. 132, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889.
******************************
01 38 38.4 +00 44 29; Cet
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 6°
24" (11/15/22): at 225x, 260x and 327x; faint, fairly
small, round, 0.4' diameter, nearly even surface brightness. A mag 12.5 star is
2' WNW. Located 14' NW of mag 7.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 145 = J. 2-531 on 12 Dec 1893. His position matches CGCG 386-022.
******************************
01 38 39.8 -17 49 53; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 114°
17.5" (12/4/93): faint, slightly elongated, 0.8'x0.6', weak concentration. A bright uneven double star h2067 = 7.6/11.6 at 34" lies 10' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 146 = J. 1-70 on 30 Sep
1892. His position matches ESO
543-006 = PGC 6083. This galaxy
was probably discovered earlier by Leavenworth at the Leander McCormick
Observatory in 1886. Leavenworth's
rough position for J. 1-70 (later IC 146) is 1.6 min of RA east of this galaxy,
a typical error. Because of the
poor position, Bigourdan was unable to recover the galaxy and Javelle assume
his observation was new. Herbert
Howe reobserved and measured an accurate position for
******************************
01 39 59.8 -14 51 46; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 69°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, diffuse, 25" diameter, slightly brighter core. Situated 12' WNW of orange mag 7.8 HD 10341. The field is lacking in stars, though a mag 14.5 star is 4' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 147 = J. 2-532 on 7 Dec 1893
and recorded "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, without
concentration, a very faint star is nearby." The "faint star" may be
******************************
01 42 27.0 +13 58 37; Psc
V = 12.9; Size 3.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 45°
17.5" (12/18/89): faint, moderately large, oval SW-NE,
low even surface brightness.
Located 22' NNW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 148 = Sw. 10-6 on 30 Sep 1890 and
recorded "eeeF; pS; v diff.; np of [NGC] 660. There is nothing at his postion -- nearly 10' due west of
NGC 660. However, exactly 20'
north is
******************************
01 42 25.4 -16 18 01; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 81°
24" (9/23/17): at 124x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 2:1 E-W, 40"x20", weak concentration. Situated just west of the line
connecting a mag 11.8 star 1.2' NE and a mag 12.6 star 1.8' SSE. Located 26' E of mag 8.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 149 = J. 2-533 on 7 Dec 1893
and recorded "faint, elongated E-W, about 40" long, slightly brighter
middle." His position and
description matches
******************************
01 42 57.5 +04 12 01; Psc
V = 14.8; Size 0.9x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 143°
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, elongated
nearly 2:1 NW-SE, 0.5'x0.3', low surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 1.4' SW. IC 150 is located 12' WSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 150 = J. 2-534 on 5 Dec 1893. His position is 1' SW of UGC 1202, but the identification is secure.
******************************
01 49 00.1 +13 12 40; Ari
V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 95°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly
small, slightly elongated, very small bright core. Located 10' NNW of
17.5" (12/18/89): fairly faint, very small, round, compact, very small bright core, fairly high surface brightness. Picked up 10' NNW of NGC 677 near edge of field.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 151= Sw. 10-7, along with
But in 2017, Harold Corwin found that if Swift made a 5
minute error in his RA position, then IC 151 = UGC 1271 and IC 152 = NGC
677. The declinations match within
an arcminute, so these identification appear likely. Just earlier I had suggested identifications for
******************************
IC 152 = NGC 677 = UGC 1275 = MCG +02-05-042 = CGCG 437-039 = PGC 6673
01 49 14.0 +13 03 19; Ari
V = 12.2; Size 2.0'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.7
See observing notes for NGC 677
Lewis Swift discovered IC 152 = Sw. 10-8, along with IC 151,
on 11 Aug 1890 and recorded "eF, S, R, vF * close, sf of 2 [with IC
151]." There is no pair of
galaxies in the area matching his relative separations. CGCG identifies
After I suggested to Harold Corwin the possible identities IC 153 = UGC 1260 and IC 157 = UGC 1274 (with ~4 minute errors in RA), also Swift discoveries, he found that a 5 minute error in the position of IC 152 would match with NGC 677. The "vF * close" might refer to the 14th magnitude star less than 1' NW of center or even NGC 675. This identification is not certain, but certainly reasonable particularly given the other matches.
******************************
IC 153 = UGC 1260 = Mrk 575 = CGCG 437-031 = PGC 6633
01 48 33.1 +12 36 50; Ari
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 30" diameter. Weak
concentration but appears to have a brighter bar through the center oriented
SW-NE [later confirmed on the DSS].
A mag 10.8 star is 2.5' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 153 = Sw. 10-9, along with IC 157,
on 25 Sep 1890 and reported "eF, pS, R, sp of 2 [with IC 157]." There is nothing at his position and
Corwin concludes this object is nonexistent. The nearest galaxy he might have picked up is
In 2017, I noticed that exactly 4 minutes of RA east of
Swift's position is
Following my suggestion, Corwin found that IC 151 and IC
152, found by Swift on 11 Aug 1890, might have similar RA errors of 5 minutes,
matching
******************************
01 45 16.4 +10 38 57; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 1.4'x0.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 66°
17.5" (12/18/89): very faint, fairly small, appears as
a very thin sliver WSW-ENE. A mag
13.5 star is at the preceding end 40" WSW of center. Member of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 154 = J. 2-535, along with IC 156, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "F, vS, little brighter middle, * 11.5 sp."
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IC 156 = UGC 1231 = MCG +02-05-025 = PGC 6448
01 45 29.3 +10 33 09; Psc
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.9
17.5" (12/18/89): fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated NW-SE. A mag 14 star is
0.9' N. Located 2.5' W of mag 8.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 156 = J. 2-536, along with IC 154, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "pB, R, 30" diameter, much brighter middle to a nucleus = * 12 mag."
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IC 157 = UGC 1274 = MCG +02-05-043 = CGCG 437-038 = PGC 6670
01 49 11.6 +12 51 12; Ari
V = 14.0; Size 1.5'x0.4'; PA = 108°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, moderately surface brightness, elongated 5:2 ~E-W, ~40"x16", small brighter core. UGC 1260 (likely IC 153) lies 16' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 157 = Sw. 10-10, along with IC 153, on 25 Sep 1890. There are no nearby galaxies he might have picked up and both Corwin and Thomson concluded these numbers were lost. Looking at the general region, I noticed that if Swift made a 4 minute error in RA, it's possible that IC 153 = UGC 1260 and IC 157 = UGC 1274, though in the latter case the offset in RA is close to 3.5 minutes in RA. Corwin agrees this is a reasonable hypothesis, and 5 minutes errors in RA also accounts for IC 151 = UGC 1271 and IC 152 = NGC 677, found by Swift a month earlier.
******************************
01 45 53.5 -06 56 08; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 140°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 25" diameter, very small or stellar nucleus. A mag 15.5 star is less than 1' SSW. Located 20' SE of mag 6.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 158 = J. 2-537 on 14 Dec 1892. His position matches LEDA 144318, although HyperLeda doesn't recognize this galaxy as IC 158.
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01 46 25.1 -08 38 12; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.7'; PA = 27°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, relatively large, oval ~3:2 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.6', broad concentration, slightly brighter core. Within a group of stars including two mag 14 stars 2' and 3' NNW. A mag 10.7 star is 5' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 159 = J. 2-538 on 17 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
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01 46 29.6 -13 14 52; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.8'; PA = 85°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; relatively bright for an IC discovery by Javelle, well concentrated with a small bright core, elongated E-W, 35"-40" along the major axis.
Member of a small group (USGC S065) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 160 = J. 1-71 on 2 Jan
1892. His position is at the
southeast edge of
******************************
01 48 43.7 +10 30 28; Psc
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 65°
24" (12/28/13): at 375x appeared moderately bright,
fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~E-W, 0.4'x0.25', well concentrated with a very
bright core than increases to a stellar nucleus. An extremely faint companion off the SE side (together
forming
Lewis Swift discovered IC 161 = Sw. 9-3 = Sw. 10-11 on 3 Oct 1889 and recorded, "eeF; S; cE, between 2 distant stars in meridian." He returned to the field on 8 Jan 1891 and recorded IC 161 again (list 10, #11). It's uncertain whether his first observation in 1889 refers to the southwest (IC 161) or northeast (IC 162) member of this pair. Furthermore, his reported declination in 1891 is 10' too far south, which was repeated in the IC..
UGC, CGCG and MCG all misidentify IC 161 (= UGC 1266) as IC 162 and don't assign an IC designation to IC 162 = UGC 1267. See Corwin's notes on IC 161 and 162 as well as Malcolm's Thomson's IC Corrections.
******************************
IC 162 = Arp 228 = VV 53a = UGC 1267 = MCG +02-05-038 = CGCG 437-034 = LGG 031-009 = PGC 6643
01 48 53.4 +10 31 17; Psc
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (12/28/13): at 375x appeared moderately bright,
fairly small, round, 30" diameter, fairly well concentrated with a small
bright core. The halo increases in
size to at least 0.8' with averted vision. In a small group with
Arp placed IC 162 in his category of "concentric
rings". V-V classified this
galaxy as an interacting pair (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 162 = Sw. 10-12 = Sw. 9-3? in January 1891 or perhaps earlier on 3 Oct 1889 (list 9, #3). The interpretation depends on which single galaxy he picked up in 1889. Furthermore, Swift's position for XI-11 is 10' too far south. The UGC, CGCG and MCG misidentify IC 161 (southwestern member of the pair) as IC 162. See Harold Corwin's notes and Malcolm Thompson's IC Corrections.
******************************
01 49 15.0 +20 42 40; Ari
V = 13.1; Size 1.8'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 90°
24" (8/29/19): at 375x; fairly faint, oval 2:1 or 5:2 ~E-W, brighter along the major axis like a bar, ~50"x20", bulges slightly at the center. The "bar" is slightly offset to the east in the halo. A mag 14.1 star is less than 1' S and another is 2' E.
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly in the moderately bright
category, elongated ~5:2 E-W or perhaps ENE-WSW, slightly brighter core
region. Sometimes appeared
slightly brighter along the major axis like a bar. Situated just north of the
westernmost star in slightly curved trio of similar 14th mag stars. Member of the
Truman Safford discovered IC 163 = Sf. 72 = Sw. 9-4 on 27
Dec 1866 and recorded "pB, pS, bM N = 13m." His position is 1' N of
******************************
01 49 08.4 -03 54 16; Cet
V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1
24" (11/7/18): at 260x; moderately bright, moderately large, round, sharply concentrated a very bright small core and a diffuse halo which fades out without a perceptible edge. The galaxy is nearly collinear with a mag 10 star 3.5' SSW and a mag 12 star 3' NNE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 164 = Sw. 9-5 on 23 Oct 1889 and recorded "pF; S; R; bet. 2 stars, ? cluster of eeF st[ars]." His position is 3.8' ESE of PGC 6666. Howe measured an accurate micrometric position in 1897-98 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver.
******************************
01 50 14.0 +27 38 48; Tri
V = 12.4; Size 3.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 90°
See observing notes for
Edward Swift, Lewis' son, found IC 165 = Sw. 9-6 on 18 Jan 1890 while "searching for Swift's Comet." It was reported in the 9th discovery list as "eF; S; lE; vF * close f." The position is 1' S of NGC 684. In Astronomische Nachrichten #3429, Isaac Roberts noted the equivalence of IC 165 and NGC 684 and Dreyer mentioned the identity in the IC 2 notes.
******************************
01 52 22 +61 51 18; Cas
V = 11.7; Size 5'
18" (12/22/11): easily picked up at 175x though at this power appeared as a faint, fairly small, roundish glow. At 285x ~10-12 mag 14-15.5 stars were resolved with a couple at the edge of visibility over a mottled background. Roughly 3.5' diameter. A brighter mag 12.5 star is at the west edge.
17.5" (8/5/97): position identified at 100x using a GSC chart, although only a couple of stars are plotted. Appears as a very faint circular glow with a couple of faint stars superimposed. Located 7' E of a wide pair of mag 9/11 stars [at 38" separation]. Does not resemble a cluster in appearance and would have otherwise thought this was a Milky Way patch. At 220x, the glow is ~4' in diameter and there are a sprinkling of ~10 very faint stars, mostly mag 14.5-15.5 with one mag 13 star. The glow has an irregular surface brightness with a mottled appearance and the periphery is not well defined.
William Denning discovered IC 166 around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer. The IC position corresponds with the faint open cluster Tombaugh 3.
Clyde Tombaugh independently found IC 166 in Jan/Feb of 1941 while surveying the circumpolar region from Lowell Observatory with the 13-inch Lowell telescope. He tentatively identified "Tombaugh 3" as an open cluster, though thought is might be a loose globular or "even a midget galaxy just beyond the border of our Milky Way System".
******************************
01 51 08.6 +21 54 46; Ari
V = 13.1; Size 2.9'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 95°
18" (11/22/03): very faint, elongated 4:3, 0.8'x0.6',
low surface brightness. Located
5.5' SSE of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 167 = Big. 133 on 4 Jan 1889. He noted a mag 10.5 star was at 4' separation in PA 358° (N).
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01 50 27.6 -08 31 23; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.35'; PA = 104°
24" (11/7/18): at 375x; moderately bright, small, high
surface brightness! Elongated 2:1
E-W, 30"x15", very small bright nucleus. A mag 11.5 star is less than 4' E. Located 15' WSW of
Sherburne Wesley Burnham Burnham discovered IC 168 = J. 2-539 on 7 Oct 1891 while observing and measuring NGC 707. His position (published in 1892) is accurate. Javelle found this galaxy again on 17 Dec 1892, also while measuring NGC 707. Jermain Porter also found it independently in 1908 with the 16-inch Clark refractor at the Cincinnati Observatory and reported it as a nova. A micrometric position was published in a long table of mostly NGC positions.
******************************
01 50 39.4 -12 40 47; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 70°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small,
oval 5:4, 25"x20", pretty diffuse with a weak concentration to the
center. Situated 8' E of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 169 = J. 1-72 on 2 Jan
1892. His position is accurate,
although HyperLeda doesn't recognize
******************************
01 51 57.5 -08 31 03; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 92°
24" (11/7/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, compact, 24", occasional stellar nucleus. Located 7.6' ESE of NGC 707 in a scattered group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 170 = J. 540 on 17 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 55 10.3 +35 16 52; Tri
V = 12.2; Size 2.5'x2.2'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 105°
17.5" (12/19/87): fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W, 1.0'x0.8', weak central concentration, stellar nucleus. A mag 10 star is off the NE edge 45" from center. Almost collinear with a double star mag 12/13 at 18" located 2.5' W.
Édouard Stephan discovered discovered IC 171 = Sw. 8-1 on 24
Nov 1875 after viewing
******************************
01 54 54.2 +00 48 40; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 85°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; fairly faint,
irregular round, 25" diameter, very small or stellar nucleus. Situated directly between a mag 9.5
star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 172 = J. 2-541 on 12 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 55 57.1 +01 17 07; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 90°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint
(noticeably easier than last month), round, 35"-40" diameter,
diffuse, broad and weak concentration.
At the southwestern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 3.6' NNE and
a mag 12 star a similar distance E. Fainter
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; very faint, low surface brightness, roundish, ~30" diameter, nearly uniform brightness. A mag 11 star is 3.6' NNE and a mag 12 star is 3.7' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 173 = J. 2-542 on 26 Dec 1893. He described it as "faint, round, about 40" in diameter, mottled appearance, faint central condensaation."
******************************
01 56 16.1 +03 45 43; Psc
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 96°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
moderate surface brightness, slightly elongated, ~35"x25". A mag 15.5 star is just off the NE
edge. Brightest in a trio (USGC U086) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 174 = J. 1-73 on 5 Nov
1891. His position is within 1' of
******************************
IC 175 = CGCG 387-003 = PGC 7261
01 56 18.9 +01 19 57; Cet
V = 15.1; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 9°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. I could nearly hold it steadily with averted in my sweet spot. Faint stellar nucleus. A mag 14.3 star is 2' W. Located 6' NE of brighter IC 173 (similar redshift) and 4.4' ESE of a mag 11 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 175 = J. 2-543 on 26 Dec 1892
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01 56 53.4 -02 01 09; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 1.8'x0.35'; PA = 94°
24" (12/28/16): at 375x; very faint to faint, very thin edge-on 6:1 or E-W, 60"x10", very slightly brighter core but no central bulge. Once picked up I could just hold it continuously with careful averted. Located 17' WNW of mag 6.6 58 Ceti.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 176 = J. 1-74 on 3 Dec 1891 and noted "pretty bright, small". His position is accurate.
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01 57 00.6 -00 05 23; Cet
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, 20"-25" diameter, low even surface brightness. A mag 13
star is 2' N. Situated 9' N of mag
8.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 177 = J. 1-75 on 7 Nov
1891. His position is 4' SSE of
******************************
01 58 54.8 +36 40 30; And
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 170°
17.5" (9/1/02): this member of the
17.5" (12/19/87): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
brighter core. Located 4.7' NNE of
mag 7.2
17.5" (11/14/87): fairly faint, small, round, slightly brighter core. A wide pair (35" separation) of mag 12 and 13 stars is 1.5' SE of center.
Truman Safford discovered IC 178 = Sf. 67 on 8 Nov 1866 with
the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. The discovery list was not published
until 1887 so Safford is not credited in the NGC. His position is 4' south of
******************************
02 00 11.5 +38 01 17; And
V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 110°
24" (11/24/14): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, high surface brightness (central region), 25" diameter, weak concentration to the center, possible very low surface brightness halo.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 179 = Sw. 10-13 on 28 Jun 1890 with the 16-inch refractor at the Warner Observatory and recorded "pB, S, lE, 9m * near nf." His position is 8 second of time too far west. Herbert Howe measured an accurate micrometric position around 1900 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes).
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02 00 00.4 +23 36 16; Ari
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 150°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 2:1 or
5:2 NW-SE, 25"x10", occasional stellar nucleus. Close companion of
17.5" (12/7/90): very faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE. In a trio with NGC 776 3' NNW and IC 181 3.0' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 180 = J. 2-544, along with IC 181, while observing the field of NGC 776 on 15 Dec 1892.
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02 00 02.3 +23 39 31; Ari
V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 55°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Close companion of NGC 776 2.0' SW.
17.5" (12/7/90): extremely faint and small, round. Faintest of a close trio with NGC 776 2' SW and IC 180 3.0' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 181 = J. 2-545, along with IC 180, while observing the field of NGC 776 on 15 Dec 1892. CGCG and the UGC notes to NGC 776 fail to identify this galaxy as IC 181.
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01 59 51.8 +07 24 42; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.65'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 36°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~35"x25", low nearly even surface brightness. Surrounded by 3 mag 11-12 stars, all 3'-4' away.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 182 = J. 2-546 on 5 Dec 1893. His postion is 1' too far S.
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01 59 34.0 -05 20 50; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 97°
24" (11/30/21): at 260x; relatively bright, very
elongated at least 3:1 SW-NE, brighter along the major axis, 0.9'x0.3'. A mag 10.2 star is 3.8' E. A group of stars is directly S and SE
including a mag 9.7 star 7' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 183 = J. 2-547 on 7 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
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01 59 51.2 -06 50 25; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 177°
48" (10/24/14): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 N-S, 0.6'x0.25'. Contains a bright core and a very bright nucleus.
IC 184 is a Seyfert 2 galaxy and the brightest in a small
group that includes the three brightest members of
17.5" (12/22/97): faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated N-S, broad concentration.
Located 2.7' NNW of a mag 10-11 star. This galaxy was picked up while searching for HCG 14 which
is located 14' due south and is brighter than the two primary galaxies in HCG
14.
Ormond Stone discovered IC 184 = LM(S) 55 on 15 Oct 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory. The discovery was listed as #55 in the 1893 catalogue of Southern Nebulae. Stone noted mag 15.0 and 0.2' diameter. His micrometric position was accurate.
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02 00 06.0 -01 31 42; Cet
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 82°
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; very faint, small, elongated
E-W, 25"x15", even surface brightness. Collinear with a mag 12.9 star
1.4' SE and a mag 10.4 star 3.2' SE. Double star BAL 9 = 9.8/10.3 at 6"
separation is 7' SSE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 185 = J. 2-548, along with nearby IC 186, on 14 Dec 1892. He called it "extremely faint, very small, poor definition."
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IC 186 = MCG +00-06-020 = MCG +00-06-021 = CGCG 387-023 =
02 00 24.5 -01 33 06; Cet
Size 0.7'x0.5'
24" (11/15/22): IC 186 is a triple system, with the brightest two resolved by Stephane Javelle, though only assigned a single IC designation.
At 327x; I immediately split the main pair at 22" separation oriented WSW-ENE. The brighter western galaxy was easily seen, slightly elongated N-S, 20"x15". The eastern galaxy was faint, round, 15" diameter. The halos seemed nearly in contact. A mag 10.4 star is 2' WSW. IC 185 lies 4.7' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 186 = J. 2-549, along with IC 185, on 14 Dec 1892. He reported it as "faint, double, appears like two faint stars, 15" apart, surrounded by nebulosity. Nebulous character certain. Measured at the middle of the pair." His pair is actually a triple as the eastern galaxy is double (apparently in a common halo), and a fourth galaxy is just south of the triple.
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02 01 30.7 +26 28 51; Tri
V = 12.9; Size 2.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 70°
24" (12/22/14): moderately bright, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.25'.
Contains a small, brighter rounder core with fairly low surface
brightness extensions that increased in size with averted. Brighter member of an double system
with
18" (12/22/11): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.3'. Broad concentration with a brighter and rounder 15" core. Forms a double system with LEDA 2800932. The fainter companion was at or just off the east end and appeared as very faint, small, roundish glow that was sometimes detached, depending on if the halo (arms) of IC 187 was visible or not.
Edward Swift discovered IC 187 = Sw. 9-7, along with
******************************
IC 188 = UGC 1510 = MCG +04-05-038 = CGCG 482-049 = LGG 041-010 = PGC 7706
02 01 46.5 +26 32 49; Tri
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 45°
24" (12/22/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 24"x12", nearly even surface brightness. Located 5' NE of the double system IC 187.
18" (12/22/11): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 20"x15", weak concentration to center but no nucleus. Located 5' NE of IC 187. The identification of IC 188 with this galaxy (suggested by Corwin) is uncertain.
Edward Swift discovered IC 188 = Sw. 9-8, along with IC 187,
on 18 Jan 1890, while searching for "Swift's Comet". Described as "eeef, vS; R; 2 stars
point to it." There is nothing
at his position, but 10 sec of RA west and 30' south is
But due to the large error in declination Malcolm Thomson rejects UGC 1510 as IC 188. He argues that no similar error occurred with nearby IC 187, and if he discovered UGC 1510, the description would have mentioned "sp of 2" and "nf of 2." for the pair. Courtney Seligman agrees with Thomson that the evidence is too slim to accept UGC 1510 as IC 188 and he lists the number as probably nonexistent. No modern catalogue identifies UGC 1510 as IC 188. See Harold Corwin's IC identification notes as well as Courtney Seligman's summary.
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02 01 52.9 +23 33 05; Ari
V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 0.4'
diameter, low even surface brightness. A small group of 4 stars mag 13.5-14
forming a "Y" asterism is close west. Pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 189 = J. 2-550, along with IC
190, on 15 Dec 1892. His position
matches
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IC 190 = MCG +04-05-040 = CGCG 482-052 = PGC 7731
02 02 07.3 +23 32 59; Ari
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 95°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint,
slightly elongated ~E-W, 25"x20", contains a very small brighter
core. Forms a pair with slightly fainter IC 189 3.3' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 190 = J. 2-551, along with IC 190, on 15 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
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02 02 29.3 +18 22 23; Ari
V = 12.7; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 45°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 191 = Sw. 9-9 on 20 Oct 1889 and reported "pB; pL; lE." His position is at the west edge of NGC 794. Dreyer perhaps assumed it was new due to Swift's description, which differed significantly from WH's "eF, vS, stellar,240 showed it very plainly." Dreyer added the parenthetical comment "probably = [NGC 794]" in the IC description and certainly NGC 794 = IC 191.
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02 02 32.4 +16 00 51; Ari
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 148°
24" (11/30/21): at 322x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, 35" diameter, gradually increases to a nearly stellar peak.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 192 on 14 Feb 1890 with the
27" refractor at the Vienna Observatory. It was found while searching for Comet 1889 V (Brooks). His micrometric position is an exact
match with
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02 02 31.0 +11 05 35; Ari
V = 13.7; Size 1.5'x1.2'; PA = 158°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately
large, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 55"x45", broad weak concentration,
no distinct core. Located 8' NW of
mag 6.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 193 = Sw. 7-3 on 8 Oct 1887 and recorded "eF; pS; lE or irr R; B* sf; pF * nr f." His position is ~3' too far ESE, but this is the only nearby galaxy and it clearly matches his description.
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02 03 05.2 +02 36 51; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 1.6'x0.25'; PA = 13°
24" (11/30/21): at 260x; fairly faint, thin edge-on 6:1
or even 8:1 ~N-S, ~60"x10", slightly brighter core, the outer ends
taper slightly. Located 9' S of
mag 8.1
24" (12/28/16): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, thin edge-on 5:1 N-S, ~0.9'x0.2', very small brighter nucleus. A mag 10.6 star is 3.8' E. Located 18' SE of mag 4.1 Alpha Psc (Alrescha).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 194 = J. 2-552 on 6 Jan 1894. He noted "very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, no concentration. Difficult because of a vicinity of the comparison star."
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02 03 44.6 +14 42 33; Ari
V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 126°
48" (10/29/16): at 488x and 610x; fairly bright,
moderately large, sharply concentrated with a bright, elongated 2:1 core
NNW-SSE and highlighted by a stellar nucleus. The halo or spiral arms are very low surface brightness and
extend 5:2 NW-SE, ~1.0'x0.4'. A
distracting 15" pair of mag 10.4/12.7 stars is 2.3' W. Forms an interacting pair (
17.5" (11/17/01): faint, small, bright core, faint extensions NW-SE, 0.4'x0.2'. A mag 12 star lies 1.4' S. Forms a close pair (Arp 290) with brighter IC 196 2.2' NE. Preceding by just 2.2' is a nice mag 10.5/12.5 pair at 15" with two additional mag 12 stars to the SSW of the closer pair.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 195 = Sw. 9-10, along with IC 196,
on 20 Oct 1889 and recorded "eeF; S; R; F * nr south; sp of 2 [with IC
196]." His position and
description is a good match with
******************************
IC 196 = Arp 290 NED2 = VV 309a = UGC 1556 = MCG +02-06-018 = CGCG 438-020 = PGC 7856
02 03 49.8 +14 44 21; Ari
V = 12.9; Size 2.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 5°
48" (10/29/16): at 488x and 610x; bright, large, very
elongated but irregular 5:1 ~N-S, ~2.0'x0.4', well concentrated with a small,
round bright core. A fairly thin
long arm or tail extends due south from the core and then curls southwest
towards IC 195. It appears to
spread out and dim on the southwest end [0.9' from center]. A shorter arm extends north from
the core ~30" and dims abruptly.
But a very low surface brightness, elongated N-S patch is detached on
the northern end (part of an outer tidal tail or loop) ~1' from the center. A companion (
17.5" (11/17/01): fairly faint, fairly small, nearly edge-on 4:1 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.3'. Contains a rounder, bright core and stellar nucleus. Forms a close pair with IC 195 2.2' SW. This galaxy is actually an interacting quartet, although only the main galaxy was observed along with IC 195.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 196 = Sw. 9-11, along with IC 195,
on 20 Oct 1889 and recorded "pF; pS; R; trap with 3 st; nf of 2 [with IC
195]." His position and
description is a good match with
******************************
IC 197 = UGC 1529 = MCG +02-06-016 = CGCG 387-031 = PGC 7875
02 04 04.9 +02 47 12; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 54°
24" (11/30/21): at 260x and 325x; moderately bright, oval ~5:3 SW-NE, ~45" in length, small brighter core/nucleus. The halo has a slightly irregular surface brightness (spiral). IC 194 lies 18' SW. Located 30' E of 4th mag Alpha Psc (Alrescha).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 197 = J. 2-553 on 6 Jan 1894 and recorded "pretty bright, slightly elongated in PA 225° [SW-NE], gradually condensed.". His position was 1' too far north and the description applies. Just 19 days later, Rich Tucker at Lick Observatory made an independent discovery while charting faint stars with the 36-inch refractor. He noted it appeared "somewhat elongated, with but little condensation." His somewhat rough position was 3' too far southeast. Tucker announced it as a new nebula in PASP, 6, 66 (1894).
******************************
02 06 03.1 +09 17 44; Psc
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 53°
24" (12/28/16): at 375x; fairly faint, small, oval 4:3
SW-NE, 30"x22", very weak concentration. First of 3 IC galaxies (HDCE 117) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 198 = J. 2-554, along with IC 199, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "pretty bright, small, round, 30" diameter, brighter center."
******************************
IC 199 = IC 1778 = UGC 1594 = MCG +01-06-041 = CGCG 413-041 = PGC 8026
02 06 19.4 +09 13 39; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 24°
24" (12/28/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
oval 3:2 SSW-NNE, 40"x27", slightly brighter core. Second in trio (HDCE 117) with IC 198
5.8' NW and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 199 = J. 2-555, along with IC 198, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "faint, small, round, bright core." He recorded the same galaxy a second time on 29 Jan 1897 as J. 3-192 with the desciption "faint, round, 30", gradually brighter middle, similar to a 14th mag star." He actually made a comment that it was found while measuring IC 198, though apparently he didn't realize he had already placed it in his second discovery list along with IC 198. So, IC 199 = IC 1778.
******************************
02 05 26.8 +31 10 30; Tri
V = 12.9; Size 2.2'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 85°
18" (12/22/11): fairly faint, moderately large,
irregularly round, 0.8' diameter, broad concentration with a small brighter
core. Forms the northeast vertex
of a right triangle with mag 8.8
17.5" (11/26/94): faint, fairly small, irregularly
round, about 1.5' diameter. Low
but uneven surface brightness, weak concentration with one or two brighter
spots near the center. A mag 14.5
star is just off the west edge 1.1' from the center. Located 27' NE of
Truman Safford discovered IC 200 = Sf. 71 = UGC 1577 on 4
Dec 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He noted it as "pB, pL, R,
bM." There is nothing at his
position but two minutes west is
******************************
IC 202 = UGC 1610 = MCG +01-06-043 = PGC 8101
02 07 28.7 +09 10 06; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 1.4'x0.25'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 132°
24" (12/28/16): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 25"x10", slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is just beyond the southeast end, 0.9' from center. A mag 10.4 star is 4' SSE and two mag 10.5 stars are a similar distance NNE. IC 202 is the third in a trio (HDCE 117) with IC 199 17.5' WNW and IC 198 22.5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 202 = J. 2-557, along with IC
201 and
******************************
02 07 27.1 -01 25 48; Cet
V = 14.9; Size 0.55'x0.35'; PA = 154°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~18"x12", irregular surface brightness. A distinctive rough parallelogram of mag 12-13 stars (sides 2.5' to 3.5' in length) is close NE.
Truman Safford discovered IC 204 = Sf. 98 on 22 Oct
1867. His position is 2.4' NNW of
******************************
02 07 27.4 -02 05 29; Cet
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, irregular round, 30" diameter, soft glow like a face-on spiral, slightly uneven surface brightness but no core. A mag 11.6 star is 2.6' ENE and a close double star (RST 4193 = 10.2/10.7 at 3") is 4' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 205 = J. 1-76 on 3 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
02 09 30.7 -06 58 06; Tri
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 138°
18" (11/22/03): second of trio with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 206 = J. 1-77, along with IC
207, on 26 Jan 1892. There is
nothing at his position, but both Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that
Javelle misidentified his reference star.
Applying his offsets to the correct star (
******************************
IC 207 = MCG -01-06-054 = Holm 57b = PGC 8251
02 09 39.3 -06 55 20; Tri
V = 13.9; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 99°
18" (11/22/03): third of 3 with IC 206 3.6' SW and IC 209 13' SW. IC 206 and IC 207 for an equilateral triangle with a mag 11.4 star 3.4' WNW. Although this galaxy is quite elongated I must have just recorded the brighter core as appeared very faint, small, round, 25", weak concentration.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 207 = J. 1-78, along with IC 206, on 26 Jan 1892. There is nothing at his position, but both Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his reference star. Applying his offsets to the correct star (SAO 129729) lands on this galaxy. Listed in the MCG as -01-06-054, though without the IC designation.
******************************
02 08 27.7 +06 23 42; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.2
24" (1/25/14): fairly faint, fairly large, round, 1.5' diameter, very low though irregular surface brightness, no core or nucleus. Located 4.5' NNW of NGC 825.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 208 = Big. 134 on 3 Dec 1888 and recorded "mag 13.4-13.5; very diffuse; 1.0'-1.5' dia; no nucleus." His position is 1.5' too far south but the description is accurate.
******************************
IC 209 = MCG -01-06-051 = Holm 56a = PGC 8200
02 08 58.7 -07 03 32; Tri
V = 13.1; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 60°
18" (11/22/03): brightest in trio with IC 206 10' NE and IC 207 13' NE. Appears moderately bright, fairly small, irregularly round, 1.2'x1.0', weak concentration, irregular surface brightness. Surprisingly easy for an IC galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 209 = J. 1-79 on 28 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
02 09 28.3 -09 40 49; Cet
V = 13.1; Size 2.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 66°
18" (10/21/06): fairly faint, fairly large, edge-on 6:1
WSW-ENE, 1.8'x0.3', very low even surface brightness. Located 3.4' SW of a mag 9.3 star (
Aaron Skinner, an assistant to Truman Safford, discovered IC 210 = Sf. 101 on 23 Oct 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. As the discovery list wasn't published until 1887 (too late for inclusion in the main NGC table), Dreyer credited Safford with the discovery in the IC 1. The discovery position is just off the north edge of the galaxy, so the identification is certain.
******************************
02 11 08.0 +03 51 09; Cet
V = 13.4; Size 2.3'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 50°
24" (1/25/14): faint, moderately large, slightly
elongated SW-NE, low surface brightness and difficult to estimate diameter,
increases in size with averted but at least 1.0'x0.8', slightly brighter
core. Located 4.5' NNW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 211 = J. II-559 on 5 Dec 1893 and recorded "F, R, 40" dia, vS core." His position is accurate.
******************************
02 13 38.2 +16 35 38; Ari
V = 15.1; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 84°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; faint, small, round, 0.3'
diameter, even surface brightness. A mag 15/15.5 pair at ~10" separation
is 40" SE. IC 212 is the
fainter of a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 212 = J. 2-560, along with IC 213, on 29 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 213 = UGC 1719 = MCG +03-06-046 = CGCG 461-067 = PGC 8556
02 14 04.3 +16 27 21; Ari
V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 149°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, roundish, diffuse, halo, ~0.9' diameter, well concentrated with a small, strong core/nucleus. A mag 14.5-15 star is at the SE edge. IC 212 lies 10' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 213 = J. 2-561, along with IC
212, on 19 Dec 1893. His position
matches
******************************
02 14 05.6 +05 10 24; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (9/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small. The main body is elongated 5:3 NW-SE,
~25"x15". With averted
vision, a very low surface brightness, diffuse extension spreads to the north
of the main body. With careful
viewing this extension appeared attached to the east end of the main body. Located 13' NE of mag 6.5
Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 214 = J. 2-562 on 29 Dec 1893. He reported "Pretty bright , diffuse, little extended , gradually condensed; seems mottled". His position is accurate.
******************************
02 14 09.5 -06 48 22; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 78°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 45"x15", nearly even surface brightness. Located 1.6' N of a mag 9.7 star. A mag 14 star is 2.7' E, with the galaxy making a right angle with the two stars.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 215 = J. 1-80 on 28 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
02 15 55.5 -02 00 54; Cet
V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 25°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15"-20", very low even surface brightness. Only occasionally pops, though viewed well west of the meridian. A thin triangle of mag 13.5-14.5 stars is a couple of arcminutes to the west.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 216 = J. 1-81 on 4 Dec 1891. His position is accurate. CGCG didn't recognize its 387-061 as IC 216, and this was carried over to the PGC and HyperLeda. SIMBAD and NED have the correct identification, although the SIMBAD position is poor.
******************************
02 16 10.4 -11 55 36; Cet
V = 13.6; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35°
24" (12/28/16): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on 6:1 SW-NE, ~1.4'x0.25'. Fairly low surface brightness but surface seems distinctly irregular or mottled at 375x with some slightly brighter sections [PANSTARRS image shows the galaxy is crossed by multiple dust lanes]. A star is very close to the south end, which somewhat confuses the view (galaxy seems bent).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 217 = J. 2-563 on 7 Dec 1893. He described it as "faint, a little elongated nearly in the meridian (N-S), spindle 1' x 20", without condensation."
Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 12 Oct 1896 and
assumed it was new. He described
Sw. 11-37 (later
******************************
02 17 07.2 +01 16 56; Cet
V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.25'; PA = 75°
24" (1/25/14): very faint, fairly small, very elongated
3:1 WSW-ENE, 25"x8", low even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is close off the ENE edge
[35" ENE of center]. Located
2.4' NNE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 218 = J. 2-564 on 26 Dec 1893 and recorded "vF, poorly defined, slightly elongated, close to a *13.5." His position and description is accurate.
******************************
02 18 38.8 -06 54 12; Cet
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 18°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small,
roundish, 30" diameter, high surface brightness, very small bright core
increases to the center. Situated
9' SW of
Frank Muller discovered IC 219 = LM(S) 67 = J. 1-67 on 17
Nov 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory. It was
published in 1893 ("Southern Observations", Nova #67) and his
micrometric position matches
******************************
02 19 11.7 -12 46 54; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.35'; PA = 36°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 or
5:2 SSW-NNE, ~35" in length, fairly low nearly even surface
brightness. Situated 7' WSW of mag
8.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 220 = J. 1-83 on 2 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
02 22 40.9 +28 15 25; Tri
V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 16°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, 1' diameter, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 with averted vision ~N-S, diffuse (spiral) appearance, the halo has a subtle irregular surface brightness. Located 11' NW of mag 8.4 HD 14737. Several stars near including a mag 15 star off the SW side.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 221 = Spitaler 1 on 24 Dec 1891. His micrometric position is on the northwest side of the galaxy.
******************************
02 22 47.9 +11 38 18; Ari
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 24°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairy faint, round, only a broad
weak concentration, no core or nucleus, 30" diameter. A mag 8.9 star star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 222 = J. 2-565 on 11 Jan 1894. His position matches CGCG 439-003.
******************************
02 22 01.1 -20 44 45; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 152°
24" (10/3/13): fairly faint to moderately bright,
fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, broad concentration, 30"x20". Forms the vertex of a triangle with a
mag 11.5 star 1.8' N and a mag 12.5 star 2.5' ENE. Second in a trio (
17.5" (12/4/93): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, broad concentration. Forms an isosceles triangle with a mag 11.5 star 1.8' N and a mag 12.5 star 2.5' ENE. Forms a pair with NGC 899 5' SSW. NGC 907 lies 14' ENE.
Frank Muller discovered IC 223 = LM(S) 71 = Big. 135 on 19 Nov 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick observatory. It was recorded as #71 in the 1893 catalogue of "Southern Nebulae" with the description "irregularly round, suddenly brighter in the middle, stell nucleus?" Bigourdan independently discovered this galaxy on 1 Dec 1888. The IC position is accurate.
******************************
02 24 45.1 -12 33 52; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 131°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated NW-SE, 30" diameter, fairly low nearly even surface brightness. Located 24' SW of mag 4.9 Rho (72) Ceti.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 224 = J. 1-84 on 13 Oct 1891. His position matches PGC 9148.
******************************
02 26 28.3 +01 09 38; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, roundish, 25" diameter, no core but a very small brighter nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 225 = J. 2-566 on 29 Dec
1893. Harold Corwin suggests that
******************************
02 27 45.9 +28 12 32; Tri
V = 14.2; Size 2.1'x1.6'; Surf Br = 15.0
24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, fairly small, very sharply
concentrated with a small, round bright core embedded in a very low surface
halo perhaps 0.6' diameter (no distinct edge). Two mag 14/15 stars (15" separation) are just off the
northwest side. A mag 9.6 star is
1.8' NNW and mag 8.6
Rudloph Spitaler discovered IC 226 = Spitaler 2, along with IC 227, on 31 Dec 1891 with the 27" refractor at the Wien Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. His description (summarized in the IC) reads "pF, S, R, bM, 2 faint st n[orth]."
******************************
IC 227 = UGC 1932 = MCG +05-06-048 = CGCG 504-087 = PGC 9383
02 28 03.6 +28 10 31; Tri
V = 14.5; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.6; PA = 70°
24" (2/7/16): at 200x; slightly brighter and larger of
a pair with IC 226 4.4' NW.
Appears fairly faint or moderately bright (the listed mag may be too
faint), fairly large, slightly elongated, ~1.0'x0.8', the diffuse halo fades
out gradually so the size is difficult to estimate. Sharply concentrated with a well defined, relatively large
core that gradually increases to the center. Mag 8.6 HD 15271 lies 4.6' NNE. I also picked up
Rudloph Spitaler discovered IC 227 = Spitaler 3, along with IC 226, on 31 Dec 1891 with the 27" refractor at the Wien Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. His description (summarized in the IC) reads "F, pS, R, little brighter in the middle."
******************************
02 26 41.6 -14 30 57; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 15°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 228 = J. 1-85 on 7 Dec 1891. His position corresponds with PGC
9300. This galaxy was discovered
earlier by Leavenworth on 1 Jan 1886, but his rough position for LM 1-55 (later
NGC 944) was 1.5 minutes too far east so Javelle thought it was a new
object. Corwin verified that
Leavenworth's discovery sketch matches
******************************
02 28 47.3 -10 49 53; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 87°
24" (12/22/14): faint to fairly faint, small, round,
12"-15" diameter. Easily
seen despite a mag 15.7B. Located
5.5' due west of the double system
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 230 on 8 Oct 1891 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory while observing the double system NGC 942 and 943.
******************************
02 29 56.4 +01 10 45; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 162°
24" (12/20/17): at 225x; fairly faint, very small,
round, 18". I missed the low
surface brightness halo and only picked up the much brighter core region. Situated just 1.7' NW of a relatively
bright mag 10 star. In a group
with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 231 = J. 2-567 on 29 Dec
1893. His position is 1' NNW of
******************************
IC 232 = UGC 1994 = MCG +00-07-028 = CGCG 388-030 = WBL 074-001 = PGC 9588
02 31 11.6 +01 15 56; Cet
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.8'; PA = 155°
24" (12/20/17): at 225x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 0.5'x0.4'. This is the high surface brightness core region of the
galaxy and it increased to a sharp stellar nucleus! I suspected a very low surface brightness halo, but found it
difficult to confirm. BAL 956, a
3.1" equal pair of 12th magnitude stars, lies 3.5' ESE. Brightest in a
group (WBL 074) that includes IC 231 19' WSW,
UGC 1995 was fairly faint, fairly small, oval ~2:1 WSW-ENE, ~40"x20", slightly brighter along the major axis but no defined core region. A mag 10.7 star is 3.7' SE.
UGC 2005 appeared fairly faint, round, 0.6' diameter. Contains a very small bright core that
increases to a stellar nucleus. A
mag 13.3 star is off the east side [1.2' from center].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 232 = Sw. 7-4 on 15 Oct 1887 and
reported "vF, S, R." His
position is 1.7' due W of
******************************
02 31 40.7 +02 48 36; Cet
V = 15.0; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 100°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, elongated
3:2, 0.3'x0.2'. Brighter of a pair
with much fainter
CGCG 388-036, just 40" S, appeared extremely faint and small, requires averted vision to occasionally glimpse. A mag 15 star is 20" SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 233 = J. 2-568 on 6 Jan 1894
and recorded "pretty faint, round, 20" diameter, slight
condensation. A faint star is 1'
due south." His position and
description matches
******************************
02 31 37.7 -00 08 25; Cet
V = 14.7; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 158°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint,
diffuse glow, fairly small, 30"x20" N-S, little or no
concentration. A very distinctive
loop of 8 or so stars mag 9 and fainter is roughly 25' NW. Located 27' SE of mag 6.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 234 = J. 1-86 on 9 Nov
1891. His position is within 1' of
******************************
02 32 50.8 +20 38 28; Ari
V = 14.4; Size 0.65'x0.5'
24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 25" diameter, low surface brightness, only a slightly central brightening. A distinctive E-W string (length 4'), consisting of two 11th mag stars and two 12th mag stars, lies 6' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 235 = J. 2-569 on 15 Dec 1892. His position is within 30" of UGC 2016 and the identification is certain.
******************************
02 32 55.8 -00 07 52; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 22°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between very faint and faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Forms the south vertex of an equilateral triangle with two mag 14 stars 4' NNW and 4' NE. IC 234 lies 20' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 236 = J. 1-87 on 9 Nov
1891. His position is just west of
******************************
02 33 31.6 +01 08 21; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 0.4' diameter, no core but contains a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 11 star is 2.4' WSW. Located 14'
NE of mag 7.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 237 = J. 2-570 on 29 Dec 1893 and noted "faint, small, round, 30", without condensation. Follows a mag 9.5 star.
******************************
02 35 22.7 +12 50 16; Ari
V = 13.0; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 35°
24" (11/7/18): at 260x; fairly faint, oval halo 2:1
SW-NE, ~0.9"x45", well concentrated with a bright, round core. A mag 13 star is 2' SE and a mag 12
star is 3' N. Located 29' NW of
mag 5.7 31 Aries (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 238 = Sw. 7-5 on 12 Oct 1887 and
noted "vF; vS; R; mbM."
His position is 2' W of
******************************
02 36 27.9 +38 58 08; And
V = 11.1; Size 4.6'x4.2'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 3°
18" (11/26/03): at 115x appears as a large, round, low
surface brightness glow, ~3.5' with a broad, weak concentration to a slightly brighter
30" core. With extended
viewing the surface brightness is somewhat irregular with a hint of
structure. IC 239 is located just
north of a mag 8.6 (2.2' from center) that somewhat hinders viewing. A distinctive curved string of mag
10-11 stars close west cradles the galaxy. Member of the
17.5" (8/6/02): at 274x appeared faint, fairly large,
slightly elongated ~N-S, ~3' diameter.
The galaxy exhibited only a broad, weak concentration with no defined
core. The halo faded at the edge
and was ill defined. Situated
between mag 8.6
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 239 in 1893 and it was announced in MNRAS 54, 371 (1894), "Photograph of a 'New' Spiral Nebula in Perseus." He noted "the convolutions of the spiral is very faint, but clearly visible on the negative, and involved in them are four 14-15 mag stars and 6 or 7 stars, or star-like condensations, less bright than 16th mag. The convolutions are symmetrical, and proceed from a very faint star-like nucleus."
******************************
02 37 54.5 +02 19 40; Cet
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 150°
18" (11/18/06): fairly faint, small, low surface
brightness halo surrounding a very small brighter core. Located 8' N of a mag 9.5 star and 14'
NW of
18" (10/21/06): faint, very small, round, 20"
diameter, fairly faint stellar nucleus.
Located 12' SE of mag 7.2
17.5" (10/17/87): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated, weak concentration. Located 6.2' W of NGC 1009 in the NGC 1016 cluster.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 241 = Big. 137 on 19 Nov
1886 and recorded "mag 13.3; round, 35"-40" diameter, stellar
nucleus." His position
matches
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02 38 32.2 -06 54 08; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x0.7'; PA = 35°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated SW-NE, weak concentration, 30" diameter. A mag 11.7
star is 1.4' NNW and a mag 14 star is 1.3' WNW. Located 13' S of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 243 = J. 1-89, along with IC
242 (a nearby faint double), on 26 Jan 1892. PGC incorrectly equates
******************************
02 39 24.7 +02 43 44; Cet
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 175°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; extremely faint, very small, 15" diameter, low surface brightness. Initially difficult to glimpse but once identified could mostly hold with averted. A mag 10 star is 4' NNW. Member of the NGC 1016 group (USGC U137)
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 244 = J. 2-571 on 11 Jan 1894. His position is 1.2' too far SSE (perhaps an error in the position of his offset star).
******************************
02 38 54.6 -14 18 20; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 25°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint,
very elongated at least 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~40"x16", fairly low even
surface brightness. Situated
between mag 8.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 245 = J. 1-90 on 2 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
02 40 28.6 +02 28 43; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 48°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly in the fairly faint bin; small, round, 20"-24" diameter. Contains a very small brighter core and stellar nucleus. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 10.8 star 5' SW and a mag 10.6 star 5' SE. A mag 15.1 star is just off the SW side. IC 244, a fainter galaxy, lies 22' NW. Member of the NGC 1016 group (USGC U137)
Lewis Swift discovered IC 246 = Sw. 7-6 on 15 Oct 1887 and recorded "eeF; vS; R; triangle with 2 st.; eee diff." Swift was probably referring to two mag 10.5 stars 5' SW and 5' SSE. His RA was 22 seconds too small, though Herbert Howe corrected the RA based on a micrometric measure at the Denver observatory (repeated in IC 2).
******************************
02 40 08.8 -11 44 02; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 45°
24" (1/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~40"x30", fairly even surface brightness with only a weak even concentration to a slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.8 star is 1.3' WNW. Located 12' NE of mag 4.8 Epsilon Ceti!
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 247 = J. 1-91 on 2 Jan 1892. His position matches PGC 10100.
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02 41 25.8 +17 48 44; Ari
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 145°
17.5" (1/20/90): fairly faint, fairly small, gradually
brighter middle, almost round, diffuse halo. Located 11' WNW of a mag 8.2
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 248 in Sep 1891 while
unsuccessfully searching for
******************************
02 41 02.4 -06 56 09; Cet
V = 12.6; Size 2.3'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 45°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 249 = J. 1-92 on 28 Jan 1892
and recorded "pB, almost round, 20" diameter, uniform
appearance." He added the
note "distinct from NGC 1051".
His position corresponds with NGC 1051 despite his comment. This galaxy was probably first
discovered by Ormond Stone in 1886, though Harold Corwin found he made a 10
minute error in RA in LM 2-338 (later
******************************
02 40 54.3 -13 18 49; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 126°
24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, 45" diameter, very low surface brightness with only a very weak concentration. A 1.5' pair of mag ~10.5 stars lies ~4' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 250 = J. 1-93 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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02 41 13.8 -14 57 28; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, small,
round, 25" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 10.6 star is 50" SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 251 = J. 1-94 on 5 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
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02 41 45.1 -14 50 54; Cet
Size 0.45'x0.25'; PA = 26°
24" (1/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, very small brighter nucleus, ~24"x20". Pretty similar to IC 251, which lies 10' SW. Member of a small group (USGC S093), which includes IC 253 and NGC 1065.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 252 = J. 1-95 on 5 Dec
1891. His position is
accurate. HyperLeda doesn't
recognize
******************************
IC 253 = MCG -03-07-058 = PGC 10226
02 42 05.7 -15 02 50; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 0.8'x0.65'
24" (1/23/22): at 375x; relatively bright with a high
surface brightness, fairly small, round, 30" diameter. well concentrated
with a very small brighter nucleus rising to a stellar peak. Forms a similar
pair with NGC 1065 2.7' S and both of these galaxies have dim companions!
17.5" (12/20/95): IC 253 is in a compact group (SCG 19)
and forms a pair with NGC 1065 2.7' S.
Fairly faint, fairly small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus,
30" diameter. Interestingly,
IC 253 appeared slightly larger and brighter than NGC 1065! Located 9' NE of mag 7.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 253 = J. 1-96, along with IC 254, on 5 Dec 1891. His position is accurate. It seems strange that Swift, who discovered NGC 1065, missed this object.
******************************
02 42 05.0 -15 06 24; Cet
Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 55°
24" (1/23/22): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, at most 15" diameter. Forms a close pair with NGC 1065 1.0' NNE. This pair is matched by IC 253/LEDA 144985 located ~3' N. Mag 7.3 HD 16826 is 8' W.
17.5" (12/20/95): appears as an extremely faint, round, barely nonstellar spot just 1.0' SSW of NGC 1065 in a small group with IC 253. It required averted vision to glimpse and appeared less than 10" in diameter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 254 = J. 1-97, along with IC 253, on 5 Dec 1891. Despite Javelle's good position, MCG, PGC, RNGC, HyperLEDA and SIMBAD incorrectly equate IC 254 with brighter NGC 1065. NED has the correct identification.
******************************
02 47 03.2 +16 17 17; Ari
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 45°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 375x; extremely faint,
small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~20"x10", very low even surface
brightness. A mag 12 star is 2' E. Located 5' N of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 255 = J. 2-572 on 29 Dec 1893
while viewing and measuring NGC 1088. He recorded "very faint, round,
20" diameter, without concentration.
It is 5 seconds of RA preceding a mag 12 star." His position is a bit off, but
******************************
02 49 40.3 +46 57 17; Per
V = 15.3; Size 0.3'x0.2'
17.5" (10/24/87): extremely faint and small, slightly
elongated N-S, ~15"x10".
Located 26" N of an easier mag 15 star. Requires averted and visible ~50% of the time. Situated 1.6' SW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 256 = Sw. 8-2, along with IC 257
and
******************************
IC 257 = UGC 2298 = MCG +08-06-011 = CGCG 554-008 = PGC 10729
02 49 45.5 +46 58 34; Per
V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 155°
17.5" (10/24/87): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.8'x0.5'. The slightly brighter core contains a quasi-stellar nucleus at moments. A trio of very faint galaxies lies close SW (including IC 256?). IC 260 lies 13' E.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 257 = Sw. 8-3 on 6 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; R; in vacancy; v diff. 2nd of 3 [with IC 256 and IC 260]." Courtney Seligman argues that this galaxy is IC 256 and that IC 257 is probably non-existent.
William Herschel made the first observation on 11 Dec 1786 (sweep 645) and recorded "a few very small stars mixed with very faint seeming nebulosity, in the direction of the meridian [north-south]; most probably only a patch." Caroline didn't assign this object a general discovery number due to his uncertainty, so it wasn't catalogued, but his position is just 2' N of IC 257 and the orientation of the galaxy (PA 155°) is a reasonable match with his description. The galaxy was only 5° from the zenith as it crossed the meridian, so he was observing at a very high elevation of 85°. Steinicke confirms this early discovery (email April 2015).
******************************
02 49 46.1 +41 03 06; Per
V = 14.1; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 165°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x fairly faint to faint, slightly
elongated N-S, 30"x24", small brighter nucleus. A mag 10 star is 1.9' ENE and
interferes a bit with viewing. IC
258 is the brighter of a close pair with
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 258, along with IC 259, on 3 Sep 1891 while observing double stars with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The identifications of IC 258 and IC 259 are reversed in most modern sources. See notes on IC 259.
******************************
IC 259 = CGCG 539-106 = PGC 10721
02 49 40.9 +41 03 18; Per
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 126°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, stellar nucleus. A star (close double on the DSS) is at the northwest edge [17" from center]." Forms a close pair with IC 258 1.0' ESE.
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 259, along with IC 258, on 3 Sep 1891 while observing double stars with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He measured the offsets for both objects correctly with respect to 10th magnitude BD +40°608. But he applied his RA (time) offset in the wrong direction for the western object, which he described as double. So the computed position for IC 258 is east of IC 259, placing these objects out of RA order in the sky. As a result, the identifications of IC 258 and IC 259 are reversed in UGC, CGCG, PGC, HyperLeda, WikiSky, etc. NED has the correct identifications.
******************************
IC 260 = UGC 2325 = MCG +08-06-014 = CGCG 554-011 = PGC 10812
02 51 00.9 +46 57 17; Per
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 175°
17.5" (10/2/99): faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~30"x24", weak concentration. A pair of mag 11.5 stars is close southwest (0.7' and 1.4') and collinear with the galaxy. In a group with IC 257 located 13' W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 260 = Sw. 8-4, along with IC 256 and IC 257, on 6 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; in line with 2 nr faint stars. 3rd of 3." His position is accurate.
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02 49 04.1 -14 28 15; Eri
V = 13.2; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 40°
17.5" (11/18/95): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter. Even concentration to a bright core and nearly stellar nucleus. A faint, close double star lies 4.2' SSW and 5' NW is a small group of four mag 13 stars (includes a 30" pair).
Stephane Javelle found IC 261 = J. 1-98 on 7 Dec 1891. His position matches
******************************
02 51 43.3 +42 49 42; Per
V = 13.6; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 36°
24" (11/7/18): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, dominated by a bright elongated core or bar running ~40"x15" NNW-SSE. The bar is encased in a faint, roundish halo ~50" diameter. Situated in a very rich star field with a mag 10 star 2.5' N. A mag 13 star (unequal double) is 1.5' SSE.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 262 = Sw. 8-5 on 24 Nov 1870. His position was just 1' to the NW but he assumed it was GC 612 (= NGC 1106), which is 1.2° further south! Due to this error, he didn't list it as new in any discovery list.
Edward Swift discovered IC 262 again on 3 Nov 1888. The description in the 8th discovery list (#5) reads "eeF; pS; R; bet. a F and a pB *; ee diff." and the position is just off the west side. The 10th magnitude star 2.4' N is probably the "pB *" mentioned in the description. Swift received credit in the IC.
******************************
02 49 40.0 -00 04 12; Cet
Size 0.7'x0.45'; PA = 168°
24" (1/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 4:3 NNW-SSE, ~30" diameter, moderate surface brightness,
slightly brighter core.
18" (1/15/07): faint, very small, slightly elongated,
20"x15", even surface brightness, seen with direct vision. Located 20' NE of NGC 1104 and 105' due
E of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 263 = J. 1-99 on 9 Nov 1891. There is nothing at his position, but Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his reference star, which should have been GSC 4699-221. When his offsets are applied to this star, the position lands on this galaxy. This galaxy is not identified in IC 263 in HyperLEDA, though NED and SIMBAD use the correct identification.
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02 48 47.6 -00 06 33; Cet
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 27°
24" (1/25/22): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. This small galaxy (only the core region was noticed) was just held steadily with averted vision. A mag 11.7 star is 1.7' ENE. IC 263 = PGC 10716 lies 13' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 264 = J. 1-100, along with IC 263, on 9 Nov 1891. There is nothing near his position (for either galaxy). But, as in the case of IC 263, Javelle misidentified his reference star, which should have been GSC 4699-221. In addition, Harold Corwin found a second error -- his RA offset from the star has the wrong sign. Once both of these errors are corrected, his position falls on Mrk 1401. As expected, neither PGC nor HyperLeda recognize this galaxy as IC 264, but it is correctly identified in SIMBAD and NED.
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02 54 44.0 +41 39 19; Per
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9
18" (11/18/06): faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Located 5.5' NE of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 265 = Sw. 8-6 on 3 Nov 1888 and recorded "eeF; eS; R; [NGC] 1129 near." His position is fairly accurate. Listed in the MCG as +07-07-006, but not identified as IC 265.
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02 55 04.6 +42 15 47; Per
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 128°
24" (11/7/18): at 260x and 375x very small but high
surface brightness, ~20" diameter, contains a bright stellar nucleus. Situated in a rich star field with a
string of five mag 13.5-14.5 stars is off the west side, trailing south towards
a mag 10.7 star 5' SSW. IC 266 is
located 25' ENE of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 266 = Sw. 8-7 on 3 Nov 1888 and
recorded "eF; eS; R."
His position is pretty accurate, although MCG failed to label
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02 53 50.2 +12 50 57; Ari
V = 13.0; Size 2.0'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 15°
24" (12/21/16): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly
large, elongated ~4:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.7'x0.4', irregular surface brightness. This appears to be a central bar
(verified on the DSS) rather than an edge-on galaxy. Either a star is superimposed at the center or the galaxy
has a bright stellar nucleus!
Located 10' SSE of
17.5" (10/21/95): faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.8'x0.3', broad weak concentration. Located 10.3' SSE of NGC 1134.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 267 = Sw. 7-7 = Big 138 on 8 Nov 1877 and recorded "eeF; pS; E; sf of GC 620 [NGC 1134]." His RA is 35 seconds too large. Bigourdan independently found it again on 28 Nov 1888 and measured an accurate position. Both are credited in the IC, though Bigourdan is listed first (perhaps because of Swift's poor position).
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02 55 27.0 -14 06 11; Eri
Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 68°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; extremely to very faint,
elongated 2:1 or 5:2 SW-NE, ~25"x12", very low surface
brightness. Forms a pair with IC
269 2.2' N with a mag 10.7 star the same distance ENE. Faintest in a quartet with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 268 = J. 1-101, along with IC 269, 270 and 272, on 1 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
02 55 26.5 -14 04 01; Eri
V = 14.4; Size 1.2'x0.35'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 126°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 or 3:1 NW-SE, ~40"x15", very small bright
core/nucleus. Forms a pair with IC
268 2.2' S and a quartet with IC 270 and 272 to the SW. A mag 10.7 star 2.2' SE forms an
isosceles triangle with IC 269 and 268.
Situated 8' ESE of mag 7.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 269 = J. 1-102, along with ICs 268, 270 and 272, on 1 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 270 = MCG -02-08-028 = PGC 11061
02 55 44.2 -14 12 28; Eri
Size 1.3'x1.2'
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 45"x35". Contains a bright core that gradually increases to the center. A mag 14.6 star is at the southwest edge. Situated close east of an isosceles triangle of mag 11.2/11.8 and 12.6 stars [sides 1.3', 1.7', 1.7']. In a quartet with IC 272 5.5' ENE and IC 268 and 269 ~8' NNW. IC 270 appears to the brightest in a larger group at a mean z = .03 (distance ~400 million l.y.) including NGCs 1150, 1151, 1157 and 1158.
17.5" (10/17/98): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
5:3 SW-NE, ~0.9'x0.6'. Forms the
northeast vertex of a small trapezium with three mag 12 stars 1.0' SW, 1.5' WNW
and 2.2' SW. Forms a pair with IC
272 5.5' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 270 = J. 1-103, along with IC
272, on 1 Dec 1891 with the 29-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His
position matches
******************************
02 55 59.4 -12 00 28; Eri
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 125°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, small, diffuse, low even surface brightness, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0.4'. Two mag 12/12.5 stars less than 5' N and a mag 11 star is 4.6' small, with the galaxy directly between.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 271 = J. 2-573 on 14 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 272 = MCG -02-08-030 = PGC 11086
02 56 06.4 -14 11 12; Eri
Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 27°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 35"'x25", low even surface brightness, visible continuously with averted. Last in a quartet with brighter IC 270 5.5' WSW. IC 268 and 269 are 11' and 12' NW.
17.5" (10/17/98): extremely faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, ~0.8'x0.6'. Forms a pair with brighter IC 270 5.5' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 272 = J. 1-104, along with IC
270, on 1 Dec 1891 with the 29-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His
position matches
******************************
02 57 10.8 +02 46 30; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x0.4'; PA = 32°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 375x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~1' in diameter, bright bulging core, fainter extensions, easily picked up at 228x.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 273 = J. 2-574 on 6 Jan 1894
and recorded "pB, lE in PA 235° [SW-NE], 40" long, very small
nucleus." His position is 1'
N of
******************************
03 00 57.3 +44 20 54; Per
Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (12/12/17): IC 275 is a triple system with the two
closer components (
Checking the SDSS at home, my diagram matched PGC 11388 and
PGC 11389, but my third object tuned out to be a mag 15.8 star only 18" NW
of PGC 11389. I apparently missed
Lewis Swift discovered IC 275 = Sw. 8-9 on 31 Oct 1888 and
recorded "eeeF; pS; R; F * nr p; D * nr sp; bet. 2 st.; f of 2 [with IC
274]." His position matches V
Zw 309, a triple system, with the brighter two components forming a 15"
pair oriented N-S. Although the
three components are listed in the PGC (from
******************************
02 58 41.1 -15 42 11; Eri
V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 60°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly bright, moderately large, edge-on 4:1 SW-NE with a slightly bulging center and very thin extensions, ~1.0'x0.25', high surface brightness core. A string of stars extends NE with a mag 10.7 star 12' NE.
IC 276 is a member of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 276 = J. 2-575 on 14 Dec 1892. His position is good.
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02 59 59.6 +02 46 17; Cet
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 45°
24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 36"x24", very small brighter core.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 277 = J. 2-576 on 6 Jan 1894 and recorded "pB, R, 40" diameter, Nucl = 12.5, a little mottled."
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03 01 30.4 +37 45 58; Per
V = 13.2; Size 1.7'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.3
24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, round, 25"-30" diameter. A mag 13.8 star is at the west edge
of the halo. The larger, very low
surface brightness outer halo wasn't noticed. A mag 11 star is 1.6' NW. Located 27' SE of the mag 6.1 star
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 278 on 13 Sep 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His position was accurate.
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03 01 12.2 +16 12 33; Ari
Size 0.7'x0.45'; PA = 165°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, small, irregularly
round, 15"-20" diameter, occasional very faint stellar nucleus.
Located 9' SW of mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 279 = J. 2-577 on 29 Dec
1893. His position is off the
north side of
******************************
03 04 37.1 +42 21 46; Per
V = 14.5; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 281 = Sw. 8-11 on 1 Nov 1888 and
recorded "eeeF; vS; * close n; 1175 nr." His position falls between
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03 06 13.3 +41 50 56; Per
V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 120°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 282 = Sw. 8-12 on 27 Oct 1888 and reported "eF; S; R; bet. 2 nr. st." There is nothing at Swift's position but 1 minute of RA further east is NGC 1198, discovered by Stephan in 1880, and his description applies to this galaxy. Because of the discrepancy in positions, Dreyer probably assumed IC 282 and NGC 1198 were different objects. Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson agree IC 282 = NGC 1198. This galaxy is identified as NGC 1198 only in all sources except NED, which equates the numbers.
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03 03 50.5 -00 12 16; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 5°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; between faint and
fairly faint, slightly elongated N-S, low and nearly even surface brightness,
25"-30" diameter.
Located ~1° NW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 283 = J. 1-105 on 4 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
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03 06 10.2 +42 22 18; Per
V = 11.5; Size 4.1'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 13°
24" (1/25/14): at 200x and 375x appeared moderately
bright, large, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, at least 3'x1.5', weak concentration to a
brighter core. Two mag 15 stars
are superimposed on the east edge of the core.
NED has no distance info on V Zw 319, though there is no indication of interaction on the SDSS and an arm from IC 284 is silhouetted on V Zw 319, indicating it may be a background object.
17.5" (10/24/87): faint, moderately large, diffuse, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, gradually increases to a small bright core. A mag 11 double at 16" separation is 2.5' NW. Located 18' E of NGC 1175.
Édouard Stephan probably discovered IC 284 = Sw. 8-13 on 3 Nov 1877 and indicated it as new in his notebook. His rough position was 5.5' too far east, though, adding some uncertainty to the identification. Stephan never published the discovery.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 284 again on 27 Oct 1888. He included it in his 8th discovery list (#13) with description, "eeF, pL, lE, D * np, bet 2 st". His RA was 12 seconds too small but the comment "double star north-preceding" confirms the identity.
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03 04 06.2 -12 00 56; Eri
Size 1.1'x0.2'; PA = 117°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated at least 2:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness,
~40"x18". Located 3.2'
SE of
17.5" (10/20/90): very faint, small, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, very low even surface brightness. Last of four in the NGC 1200 compact group (USGC S110) with NGC 1200 3' WNW.
Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 285 = J. 2-578 on 7 Dec 1885,
during an observation of NGC 1200 with the Great Melbourne Telescope. He commented "almost as faint as
[
Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 285 = J. 2-578 on 7 Dec 1893 while viewing NGC 1195, 1196 and 1200. As Baracchi's discovery was never published, Javelle received credit in the IC.
******************************
03 04 57.8 -12 04 14; Eri
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 9°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20", small slightly brighter core
region. This galaxy was
surprisingly easy with B magnitude of 15.4. Located 16' ESE of NGC 1200 in a group (USGC S110). A mag 10.8 star is 2.2' E and a mag 8.6
star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 287 = J. 2-579 on 7 Dec
1893. His position was accurate,
though since this galaxy was not included in the PGC, the IC designation is not
attached to
******************************
IC 288 = UGC 2544 = MCG +07-07-027 = CGCG 540-043 = LGG 088-001 = PGC 11702
03 07 32.9 +42 23 15; Per
V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 42°
24" (1/31/14): moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.2', sharply concentrated with a very small bright core. IC 284 lies 15' W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 288 = Sw. 8-14 on 31 Oct 1888 with
the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory and recorded "vF, vS, R,
2 pB st nf point to it, r[esolution] suspected". His position is 1.6' SW of
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03 10 19.2 +61 19 01; Cas
V = 13.5; Size 42"x28"
48" (10/27/16): at 610x unfiltered; bright, fairly large, slightly elongated NW-SE. Annular with an irregularly brighter rim that is brightest on the northwest side. The northern end is slightly brighter in general (less than a 90° arc). A faint central star was visible most of the time. We didn't look for the outer halo at lower power. IC 289 resides in a rich star 1.8' NNW of a mag 10.1 star.
48" (10/25/14): at 375x unfiltered; fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.6'x0.5'. Weakly annular with a slightly brighter rim and irregularly lit darker center that contains a very faint central star. A thin, very low surface brightness outer halo is more elongated along the minor axis, creating a roughly circular halo.
18" (11/13/07): at 300x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~35"x30" with an irregular surface brightness. The rim was very slightly brighter than the interior with a strong impression of irregularities. The rim sometimes appeared slightly brighter along the north side or contained a very faint stellar knot. At 450x, there was an occasional faint sparkle in the interior, but I was uncertain if it was the central star. Located 1.8' N of a mag 10 star. A mag 14 star lies just 45" NE.
17.5" (1/16/02): at 140x, IC 289 was seen as a fairly faint, 35" to 40" disc with a modest contrast gain using a UHC filter. Situated 2' N of a mag 10 star and near the tip of two curving strings of stars which head north and NW from IC 289. Excellent view at 380x - the planetary is slightly elongated and has a mottled appearance with a marginally brighter rim, particularly on the W or NW side, giving an impression of weak annularity. At moments, there was a brief sparkle at the center, possibly the central star. A mag 14 star is 45" NE of center and a mag 13 star lies 1.3' following.
13.1" (12/7/85): at 79x and OIII filter appears faint, small, round. At 166x and UHC filter can just hold steadily with averted vision, fairly small, almost round.
8": at 100x and UHC filter this planetary was very faint, very small. Situated near the tip of two converging rows of mag 10-12 stars. I made several difficult positive sightings with the C8 under poor transparency in El Cerrito!
Lewis Swift discovered IC 289 = Sw. 8-15 on 2 Sep 1888 and recorded "pB; pL; R; bet 2 vF st."
Hubble first classified IC 289 as a PN based on objective
prism images taken with a 10-inch Cooke lens. His 1921 paper "Twelve New Planetary Nebulae"
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1921PASP...33..174H) includes a half-dozen
other known nebulae (
******************************
03 09 42.7 +40 58 27; Per
V = 14.6; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 131°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small,
elongated ~5:2 NW-SE, ~25"x10", low nearly even surface
brightness. Located 17' E of Algol
and 2.8' NNW of mag 8.7
18" (11/22/03): very faint, very small, appears as a
tiny elongated streak, ~25"x8".
Located 5' N of IC 1883 (= NGC 1212) and 2.8' NNW of mag 8.7 SAO 38614
at the west side of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 290 = Sw. 8-16, along with
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03 07 26.5 -12 35 15; Eri
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; PA = 90°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint,
elongated 5:2 ~E-W, ~45"x20", slight central condensation. Mag 9.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 291 = J. 1-106 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 292 = IC 1887 = UGC 2567 = MCG +07-07-030 = CGCG 540-049 = PGC 11846
03 10 12.9 +40 45 56; Per
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 75°
18" (11/22/03): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1
WSW-ENE, 0.9'x0.4', very weak concentration. Located 2.4' S of a mag 10 star at the west edge of AGC
426.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 292 = Sw. 8-17, along with
******************************
IC 293 = IC 1888 = MCG +07-07-031 = CGCG 540-053 = LGG 087-006 = PGC 11873
03 10 56.2 +41 08 14; Per
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 90°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 20"
diameter, broad and weak concentration.
Situated in a rich star field 6' SW of mag 8.1
Lewis Swift discovered IC 293 = Sw. 8-18, along with IC 292, on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; S; R; in finder field with Algol." His position is less than 1' W of PGC 11873. E.E. Barnard independently discovered this galaxy (as well as IC 292) on 23 Nov 1888 while sweeping near Algol with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer and he recatalogued it as IC 1887. So, IC 293 = IC 1887. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
03 11 03.1 +40 37 20; Per
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x1.0'; PA = 106°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 24"x18", weak concentration. Three similar stars are near; a mag 14.5 star is 0.6' NW, a mag 14 star is 1.4' WNW and another mag 14 star is 1.1' WSW. IC 292 lies 13' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 294 = Sw. 8-19, along with IC 290,
292, 293 and 295, on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; iR; in finder field
with Algol." Barnard
independently found this galaxy (along with IC 292 and 293) while sweeping near
Algol on 23 Nov 1888 and noted "faint, moderately size, follows several
stars." Barnard send the
discovery notice directly to Dreyer at some point resulting in the designation
Swift placed
******************************
IC 296 = IC 294 = IC 1889 = UGC 2574 = MCG +07-07-033 = LGG 088-012 = PGC 11878
03 11 03.1 +40 37 20; Per
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x1.0'; PA = 106°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 24"x18", weak concentration. Three similar stars are near; a mag 14.5 star is 0.6' NW, a mag 14 star is 1.4' WNW and another mag 14 star is 1.1' WSW. IC 292 lies 13' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 296 = Sw. 8-21 on 14 Sep 1888 and
described as "eF, pS, irr R, F D * p." His position is a good match with
******************************
03 11 18.9 +01 18 53; Cet
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 126°
48" (10/23/11): at 488x both components of this ring
system were easily resolved. The
eastern "collider" component (identified as
18" (1/26/09): at 285x appeared very faint and small,
elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~18"x9", low even surface brightness. Located 3' NW of mag 9.3 SAO
111034. This is a remarkable pair
of disrupted galaxies (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 298 = J. 2-580 on 29 Dec 1893
and recorded "Small, nearly round, 1 'in diameter. It looks like the
nebula covers two very small bright spots." Based on his description, it appears Javelle saw both
components described in my observation.
MCG appears to misidentify IC 298 as
******************************
03 11 02.6 -13 06 35; Eri
Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 175°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, small,
round, compact well defined 20" halo. A mag 14.3 star is within 1' ESE and mag 9.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 299 = J. 1-107 on 13 Oct 1891
and recorded "vF, vS, R, slightly brighter middle." His position is accurate although
HyperLeda doesn't recognize
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03 14 16.0 +42 24 55; Per
V = 14.8; Size 0.55'x0.55'
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round,
~15" diameter [core of the galaxy], nearly even surface brightness. This member of AGC 426 is situated 9'
SW of mag 6.1
Alternate identification of IC 300:
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small,
round, 20" diameter, stellar nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is barely off the SW side [30" from
center]. Located 11' NE of mag 6.2
Lewis Swift discovered IC 300 = Sw. 8-23 on 15 Sep 1888 and
recorded "eF; S; R; 8 mag * in field sp; p of 2 [with IC 301]." There is nothing at his position but
2.5' SE is
I noticed that if Swift recorded or transcribed his RA by 1 minute too large, then his position would correspond with UGC 2590. And there is a bright star to the southwest as Swift described, though HD 19736 (11' SW) is 6th magnitude, so a couple of magnitudes brighter than Swift guesstimated.
******************************
IC 301 = UGC 2606 = MCG +07-07-036 = CGCG 540-063 = PGC 12074
03 14 47.7 +42 13 22; Per
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.1'
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, contains a small brighter core and very small nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is on the NW end. Located 1.2° NW of NGC 1275 in AGC 426.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 301 = Sw. 8-23, along with IC 300,
on 15 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; R; f of 2 [with IC 300]." His position is just 1.2' WNW of
******************************
03 12 51.3 +04 42 25; Cet
V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 21°
24" (12/1/16): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, 0.8' diameter, fairly low nearly even surface brightness. No distinct core, but occasionally a faint stellar nucleus seen.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 302 = J. 2-581 on 15 Dec 1892 and described "pretty faint, pretty small, round, 40" diameter, stellar nucleus."
******************************
03 12 40.9 -11 41 24; Eri
Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 47°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; very faint, fairly small,
round, 15"-20" diameter, diffuse, cannot hold steadily. A mag 14.5
star is 1.5' SE and a mag 9 star (
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; extremely faint, small, round, 15" diameter. Required knowing the precise position to glimpse (5' E of a mag 10.8 star and 5.4' SE of mag 9.0 HD 20000). A mag 14.5 star is 1.5' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 303 = J. 2-582, along with IC
306, on 7 Feb 1893. His position
(offsets from
******************************
03 15 01.4 +37 52 55; Per
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 27°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated ~5:3
SSW-NNE, ~25"x15", slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14 star is 30" SE and a mag
13 star is 1.2' SE. Forms a pair
with
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 304, along with IC 305, while searching for double stars on 13 Sep 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The micrometric position (measured by Barnard) is accurate.
******************************
IC 305 = CGCG 525-012 = MCG +06-08-006 = PGC 12083
03 15 03.8 +37 51 36; Per
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 45°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, very small bright nucleus, compact, 15" diameter. Appears brighter (higher surface brightness) than CGCG mag of 15.7 suggests. A mag 13 star is 50" NE. Forms a close pair with IC 304 1.4' NNW.
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 305, along with IC 304, while searching for double stars on 13 Sep 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.
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03 13 00.2 -11 42 56; Eri
Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 80°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely or very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", low surface brightness. Required avarted vision and only visible for a couple of seconds at a time. IC 303 is 4' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 306 = J. 2-583, along with IC 303, on 7 Feb 1893. Both positions are slightly offset to the southwest of the respective galaxies.
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03 13 45.2 -00 14 29; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.7'x0.75'; PA = 70°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x and 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, bright core, 45"x15", very low surface brightness outer halo with averted vision. increases diameter to ~1'.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 307 = J. 1-108 on 4 Dec 1891.
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03 16 15.8 +41 10 51; Per
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 3°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, small,
round, very small brighter nucleus with a diffuse 20" halo. A mag 14.6
star is at the south edge.
Situated in a rich star field on the southwest side of the Perseus
Galaxy Cluster (AGC 426), ~45' WSW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 308 = Sw. 8-25 on 11 Sep 1888 and
recorded "eF; pS; iR; resolvability suspected." His position is at the east edge of UGC
2619. Neither UGC, PGC nor
HyperLeda label
******************************
03 16 06.3 +40 48 16; Per
V = 13.5; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, round, even surface
brightness. Situated between two
mag 12 stars 1' NW and 1.4' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 309 = Sw. 8-26 on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; bet 2 st."
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03 16 43.1 +41 19 29; Per
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (2/15/18): at 375x fairly bright, moderately large,
round, ~45" diameter, strong concentration with a bright core that
increases to an intense quasi-stellar nucleus. Located at the southwest end of the mainline of AGC
426.
17.5" (12/19/87): moderately bright, fairly small, round, bright core, faint stellar nucleus. Forms a pair with UGC 2626 3.7' NE. Member of AGC 426.
17.5" (12/3/88): fairly faint, fairly small, round, small bright core.
Edward Swift, Lewis' 17 year-old son, discovered IC 310 =
Sw. 8-28 on 3 Nov 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; R; [NGC] 1259, 1260 in
field." The position matches
******************************
03 16 46.7 +40 00 13; Per
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 114°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. A faint star (mag ~14.5) is attached at the SW edge. Situated in a rich star field on a line between a mag 10.6 star 3.8' WSW and a mag 9.5 star (HD 275082) 6' ENE. This galaxy is probably an outlying member of AGC 426 (1.6° S of the center of the cluster) and has an unusual double dust lane on the SDSS image!
STF 369, an attractive mag 6.7/8.0 pair at 3", lies 29' N. The stars have a subtle color contrast with a very pale orange primary and a blue-white secondary.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 311 = Sw. 8-27 on 10 Oct 1888 and
reported "eF, pS, irregularly round, bet 2 st, vF * v. close f." His RA is 7 seconds too small, but the
description is a perfect match with
******************************
03 18 08.4 +41 45 16; Per
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 125°
24" (1/28/17): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly
small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.4', small bright core.
17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, oval NW-SE. A mag 13 star is 1.2' E of center. Forms a pair with PGC 12288 1.9' SE within AGC 426. The companion appeared very faint, very small, elongated SW-NE. A mag 15 star is just off the NE edge.
17.5" (8/12/88): faint, small, elongated NW-SE, brighter core.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 312 = Sw. 8-29 on 3 Nov 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 stars." His position is accurate though MCG doesn't identify MCG +07-07-051 as IC 312.
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03 20 58.1 +41 53 38; Per
V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 42°
24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, small, round, 24"
diameter, slightly brighter nucleus.
A double star 14.5/14.5 (separation ~6") is 30" SE, just off
the southeast edge. A superimposed
star barely south of the nucleus was not noticed.
17.5" (1/7/89): very faint, very small, almost round. A mag 14 star (close double) is off the southeast edge 30" from center. Forms a pair with IC 316 4.5' NE within AGC 426.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 313 = Sw. 8-33, along with IC 316, on 14 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeF; vS; R; e close D * v near south."
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03 18 49.8 -01 58 24; Eri
V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 100°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 314 = Big. 140 on 14 Dec 1887. His position matches UGC 2666 = PGC 12342. This galaxy was discovered by Lewis Swift on 1 Sep 1886 and described as "vF; S; R; 4 st following in a row.", but his RA was off by 11 seconds. Howe measured an accurate micrometric position for NGC 1289 and reported "the "4 st following" are of about mag 10, and are not close together, the farthest being perhaps 10' from the nebula." It's clear that IC 314 = NGC 1289, although Dreyer didn't make the connection.
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03 19 09.3 +04 02 19; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 45°
24" (1/23/22): at 260x; very faint, elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.2', very low and nearly even surface brightness. A 7" pair (BAL 2114) of mag 9.6/10 stars lies 6' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 315 = J. 2-584 on 11 Jan 1894.
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IC 316 = UGC 2688 = MCG +07-07-074 = CGCG 540-112 = PGC 12576 +12578
03 21 19.9 +41 55 50; Per
V = 14.1; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 64°
24" (2/7/16): IC 316 is a spectacular interacting/merging pair of spiral galaxies with the nuclei of the two galaxies separated by only 11". The close duo is embedded in a irregular common halo about 1' across. At 226x, a single fairly faint glow was seen, slightly elongated ~N-S, ~25" diameter. At 452x (10mm ZAO + 2x Powermate), I immediately noticed a nearly stellar nucleus [of the northern face-on spiral] offset near the north edge creating an unusual appearance. Often a very faint "spike" [the southern edge-on spiral] was seen close south of the stellar nucleus, angling towards the southeast, ~15"x5".
17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, oval ~N-S, weak concentration. Located 5' ENE of IC 313 in AGC 426. A companion is superimposed 0.2' S, but the merged systems were not resolved.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 316 = Sw. 8-34, along with IC 313, on 14 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R." So, Swift did not resolve the two nuclei.
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03 18 55.5 -12 44 25; Eri
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 49°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.5', weakly enhanced central region. A 12" pair of mag 15/15.5 star is 1' SW and a mag 14.3 star is 2' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 317 = J. 1-109 on 2 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
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03 20 43.8 -14 34 06; Eri
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 134°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, moderate surface brightness, slightly brighter core, 45"x18".
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 318 = J. 1-110 on 1 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
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03 25 59.2 +40 47 20; Per
V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x1.0'; PA = 48°
24" (12/20/17): at 225x and 375x; faint, small,
slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 20"x15" (core region only), faint stellar
nucleus. A very faint star [mag
15.3] is superimposed on the SW side that is similar in brightness to the
nucleus, and a brighter mag 14.5 star is off the WNW edge [27" from
center].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 320 = Sw. 8-35 on 14 Sep 1888 and
recorded "eF; pS; R; vF * close p." His position is just off the west edge of
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03 24 30.0 -14 59 07; Eri
Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 25" diameter, very small bright core. This is a relatively easy IC galaxy and was seen immediately
and visible continuously. Several
mag 12 and fainter stars are to the N and NE and mag 8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 321 = J. 1-111 on 7 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
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03 26 00.5 +03 40 50; Tau
V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, round, ~25" diameter, irregular surface brightness, very slightly brighter core. A mag 13 star is just over 1' W. A group of 5 stars mag 11-13 in a trapezoidal configuration is ~6' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 322 = J. 2-585 on 15 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
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03 26 28.3 -21 21 19; Eri
V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 324 on 3 Dec 1888. His position matches
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03 30 48.9 -07 02 48; Eri
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, diffuse, round,
25"-30" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 3' E. Located 23' SE
of mag 6.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 325 = J. 1-112 on 28 Jan 1892
and recorded "very faint, round, 20" diameter with very little
central condensation." His
position is accurate. HyperLeda
doesn't identify
******************************
03 30 36.6 -14 25 32; Eri
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 101°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated E-W, 0.6' diameter, weak but even concentration to a
slightly brighter core and occasional stellar nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 326 = J. 1-113 on 1 Dec 1891 and recorded "very faint, fairly large, elongated in the meridian (N-S)." His position is accurate.
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03 31 10.0 -14 41 32; Eri
V = 14.5; Size 0.75'x0.45'; PA = 58°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely faint, small, ~0.3' diameter, required averted and only occasionally glimpsed but confirmed. Located 3.3' S of IC 328.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 327 = J. 2-586 on 12 Dec 1892 and recorded "eF, vS, poorly defined, v difficult." His position is fairly accurate. A noted was added "distinct from nebula 113 [IC 326] and 114 [IC 328] in the first catalogue."
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IC 328 = MCG -03-09-051 = PGC 13063
03 31 11.0 -14 38 16; Eri
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 16°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, diffuse, nearly even surface brightness. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with two mag 13/14 stars 2' NNE and 2' NE. IC 326 lies 15' NW and difficult IC 327 is 3' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 328 = J. 1-114 on 10 Dec 1892 and recorded "very faint, very small, roughly round, at least 10" diameter." Nearby IC 327 was discovered 2 nights later.
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03 32 01.4 +00 16 46; Tau
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 63°
24" (12/1/16): at 225x; First in an trio with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 329 = J. 1-115, along with IC 330 and IC 331, on 4 Dec 1891. He reported "faint, very small, round, with slight condensation."
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IC 330 = MCG +00-10-002 = CGCG 391-004 = WBL 102-002 = PGC 13117
03 32 08.0 +00 21 12; Tau
V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 78°
24" (12/1/16): at 225x; fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 30"x10", small brighter core. A mag 11.8 star is 1.4' NNE. Situated 3.9' N of mag 8.3 HD 21926 in a trio with IC 329 and IC 330. These two galaxies lie ~2' W and 2.5' E of the bright star, respectively, so the trio has a striking arrangement with IC 330 forming the northern vertex of an isosceles triangle.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 330 = J. 1-116, along with IC 329 and IC 331, on 4 Dec 1891. He reported "faint, roughly round, 15" diameter, slightly brighter center."
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IC 331 = MCG +00-10-003 = CGCG 391-005 = WBL 102-003 = PGC 13119
03 32 19.1 +00 16 57; Tau
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (12/1/16): at 225x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, very small bright nucleus.
IC 331 lies 2.6' E of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 331 = J. 2-117, along with IC 329 and IC 330, on 4 Dec 1891. He reported "mag 13 star surrounded by nebulosity, nebulous character uncertain."
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03 32 37.4 +01 22 57; Tau
V = 13.7; Size 0.95'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 43°
24" (2/24/20): at 260x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" (core region), very low surface brightness halo ~0.6'x0.4' SW-NE. A mag 10.7 star is 4.4' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 332 = J. 2-587 on 29 Dec 1893 and reported "F, vS, R, 20" diameter. Like a faint star surrounded by nebulosity."
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03 45 16.9 +76 38 17; Cam
V = 11.3; Size 2.5'x1.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 58°
17.5" (1/9/99): surprisingly bright for an IC galaxy! The center is sharply concentrated with a bright 1' core and a much fainter irregular halo at least 2.5' in diameter. A faint star is superimposed at the south side of the core. Situated in a starry field with several mag 12/13 stars within a few arc minutes.
William Denning discovered IC 334 on 30 Sep 1891 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. He called it "tolerably bright, pretty small" and noted "an extremely faint star involved on the S. side of the nebula. The latter is fairly conspicuous with a power of 60, and much brighter in the middle."
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03 35 31.0 -34 26 49; For
V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 84°
18" (1/21/04): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated ~E-W, 1.5'x0.4', slightly brighter core, tapering extensions (spindle-shaped). Located 7.5' E of a mag 11.5 star. This is one of the brighter non-NGC galaxies in the Fornax I cluster.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 335 = Sw. 7-8 on 15 Oct 1887 and
recorded "pF pS; eE; east and west." His position is 30 seconds of RA west of
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03 37 38.1 +03 07 08; Tau
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 175°
24" (1/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, round,
25" diameter, low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 2.5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 338 = J. 2-558 on 13 Oct 1891. His description reads "vF, S, nearly round, 30" diameter, without condensation, very faint star near."
The CGCG incorrectly identifies
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03 39 29.1 -13 06 54; Eri
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 90°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 E-W, ~0.6'x0.2', nearly even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is superimposed on the east side, which I initially thought was a stellar nucleus. A triangle of mag 13-13.5 stars of close SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 340 = J. 1-118 on 13 Oct 1891 and recorded "faint, elongated E-W, 45" long, ends at a 14th mag star." His position is accurate.
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03 46 48.6 +68 05 47; Cam
V = 8.4; Size 21.4'x20.9'; Surf Br = 14.9
24" (3/21/20): at 124x and 200x; this obscured galaxy contained a very bright 30" nucleus that gradually increased to a sharp stellar point. The nucleus was surrounded by a fairly faint core/central region with a diameter of at least 1'. A 12th mag star is just 1' N of the nucleus. This star is the middle of 3 nearly in a line with a mag 12 star 2' E and a mag 11 star 2.5' WSW. A very diffuse halo of low but irregular surface brightness extends ~15', best viewed at 124x. A distinctive string of 6 stars oriented NW-SE cuts across the halo to the southwest of the nucleus. Spiral arm structure was very subtle and only seen in patches or sections, one on the north side, roughly 5' from the core.
17.5" (12/16/95): very unusual galaxy, appears as a very faint, very large glow surrounding a 1' high surface brightness core that increases to a bright stellar nucleus. The irregular halo is difficult to trace but extends to ~10' diameter with a number of superimposed stars including a striking 6' string of six mag 10.5-12.5 stars oriented NW-SE on the southwest side of the halo. No arm structure was seen. The core forms a small triangle with two similar superimposed mag 11 stars 1.0' N and 2.0' NE. Situated just 10.6° above the galactic plane and suffers from significant dust obscuration.
13.1" (1/18/85): at 144x the nucleus is prominent as a mag 12 "fuzzy" star. At this power the outer halo disappears.
8" (3/21/20): the small core/nucleus was very noticeable, as well as a very large, roundish outer halo ~15' diameter with a diaphanous appearance. The halo seemed to fill in the gaps between the numerous surrounding stars.
8" (10/31/81 and 11/28/81): very faint, large, very diffuse outer halo, very small prominent 12th magnitude nucleus. A line of three stars is superimposed.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 342 on 11 Aug 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He sketched it at 150x as well as 500x and noted, "with 500x it is quite a bright object, 1/2' dia and quite [?], mbM, not cometary. Object 1' S of this star [shown on sketch] and following 3 or 4 seconds." His rough position and sketch (showing the superimposed linear strings of stars) is an excellent match.
William Denning independently discovered IC 342 on 19 Aug 1892 while comet hunting with his 10-inch reflector. The discovery was announced in a short note, "New nebula", Astronomy and Astro-Physics, 12, 189 (1893). He called it "rather faint, with nucleus about 12th magnitude, and very small, but it was sufficiently conspicuous to be discovered with a power of 40 only on my 10-inch reflector." As Barnard never published his discovery or informed Dreyer, Denning was credited with the discovery in the IC.
Hubble and Seyfert announced "A Spiral Nebula of
Unusually Large Dimensions" (Harvard College Observatory Bulletin #899,
pp.16-17) with a diameter of 20' on photographs and they compared it to M33 and
Hubble and Humason (1934), first recognized this object as a
spiral galaxy and suggested it was possibly a Local Group member (heavily
reddened) based on its recessional velocity, though it was later shown to be
too distant. IC 342 is one of the
brightest members of the IC 342/Maffei Group that includes
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03 40 07.1 -18 26 37; Eri
V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 118°
17.5" (12/11/99): faint, small, elongated 3:2 E-W,
30"x20". Situated
between two mag 13 stars 1.6' E and 2.0' SW of center. Located 8' N of
Frank Muller discovered IC 343 = LM(S) 160 on 14 Oct 1887
and noted "lE 90°, dif." with a diameter of 0.3'. His micrometric position in the 1893
catalogue of "Southern Nebulae" (#160) matches
******************************
03 41 29.5 -04 39 58; Eri
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 42°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; between faint and
fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, 30" diameter, diffuse, low even
surface brightness. Located 7' WNW
of
13.1" (12/7/85): first of three on a line with NGC 1417
and
John Herschel discovered IC 344 = h305 = LM(S) 163 = Sw.
9-13 on 17 Oct 1827 and simply recorded "the first of 3 [with H. II-455
and H. II-456]". His position
matches
Lewis Swift independently found this galaxy on 23 Dec 1889 and reported Sw. 9-13 as "eeF; pL; R; passed in line with 1417-18; cometary; unable to refind it; seeing good. Failed also at Harvard College Observatory [during a visit]." Swift published a note in AN 126, 225 that "in description of nebula no. 13 for "passed" read "1st of 3". Calling attention to apparently so trivial a matter may seen unimportant, but it has more significance than at first sight appears, as I strongly suspect it to have been a comet, as at two subsequent examinations it could not be found. It was in in line with NGC 1417 and 1418 and all three were seen simultaneously." Swift gave an even more detailed review of this object in Astronomy and Astro-Physics (formerly Popular Astronomy, 11 (1892), so he clearly put a lot of effort and time on it. Frank Muller also found IC 344 in late 1887 while measuring positions for NGC 1417 and 1418. He described it as "round, diffuse" and gave a diameter of 1.0'. Dreyer credited both Herschel (h305) and Swift in the IC. Sherburne Burnham measured IC 344 (Publ of Lick Observatory, II) and correctly sorted out the confusion with JH's observation.
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03 41 09.1 -18 18 51; Eri
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 37°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; faint, very small, round,
18" diameter, compact appearance.
Located 21' NE of NGC 1407 (brightest member of a group).
Ormond Stone discovered IC 345 = LM(S) 168 on 22 Oct
1887. The discovery was listed as
#168 in the Leander-McCormick Observatory catalogue of Southern Nebulae (1893).
His micrometric measurements (3 observations) matches
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IC 346 = ESO 548-078 = MCG -03-10-035 = PGC 13575
03 41 44.7 -18 16 01; Eri
V = 12.6; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 69°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, contains a very small brighter nucleus surrounded by a 30" core and a very low surface brightness halo that was ill defined, but up to 1' in diameter. IC 345 lies 9' WSW.
Frank Muller discovered IC 346 = LM(S) 171 = Sw. XI-60 on 21
Oct 1887 at the Leander McCormick Observatory. His position matches
Herbert Howe suggested Muller's object was identical to Sw. 11-60 and Dreyer made the following note in the IC 2: "The place and description should be 03 35 26, 108° 43.0', eF, pL, E 80°, dif (my mistake). Is no doubt identical with Sw. XI 60; 03 35 13, 108° 39.8'." Dreyer gave no explanation of how the mistake was made, but perhaps he had meant to use Muller's observation instead or he noticed that Swift's observation closely matched Muller's. In any case, Dreyer's corrected position matches object #171 in the Leander-McCormick Southern Nebulae catalogue. Harold Corwin suggests that Stone's erroneous position for #151 may be due to a misidentified offset star.
Both Malcolm Thomson and Wolfgang Steinicke conclude that IC 346 should be classed as nonexistent based on the original IC data, leaving ESO 548-078 without an IC designation. See Courtney Seligman's analysis for more on this confusing situation.
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03 42 32.6 -04 17 55; Eri
V = 12.7; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 40°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 45" diameter, sharply concentrated with a bright small core that increases to the center. A mag 9.8 star is 5' SE.
13.1" (12/7/85): fairly faint, small, almost round, stellar nucleus. Surprisingly bright for an IC galaxy. Located 26' N of NGC 1418 in the NGC 1417 group.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 347 = Sw. 9-14 on 25 Dec 1889 and recorded "eF; vS; R; stellar."
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03 44 36 +32 10; Per
V = 7.3; Size 10'x10'
17.5" (12/16/95): IC 348 is an unusual object
consisting of a scattered group of stars with associated nebulosity (
Truman Safford discovered IC 348 = Sf. 70 on 1 Dec 1866 and
recorded "vL, pB, very gradually brighter middle." He added the footnote "a loose
cluster with nebula" and his position is accurate. E.E. Barnard independently discovered
the nebulosity near Omicron Persei (though not a cluster) on a plate taken 6
Dec 1893 at Lick Observatory and Dreyer catalogued it again as
The Lynga position for the scattered cluster is about 8' too far north and this error is repeated in the Sky Catalogue 2000.
******************************
03 46 20.1 +23 56 23; Tau
Size 0.5'
48" (10/31/13): IC 349 is a reflection knot just 36" SSE of Merope. We used 813x and carefully placed Merope barely outside the north edge of the field. The orientation was easy to judge using two 15th magnitude stars 1.8' S and 1.8' SSW of Merope and the elongated glow fell between the diffraction spikes. Despite the glare from Merope making the observation much more difficult, I was surprised this small reflection nebula was fairly bright and elongated (roughly pointing south from Merope) with a straighter western edge, perhaps 20"x10" in size.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 349, a fan-shaped knot of nebulosity just 0.6' SSE of Merope, visually on 14 Nov 1890 using the Lick 36" refractor. It was announced in a discovery note in AN 3018. "On Nov. 14 while examining the cluster, I discovered a new and comparatively bright round cometary nebula close south and following Merope, every precaution was taken to prove that it was not a ghost of Merope by examining the other stars of the group under the same conditions. I have since seen it several times and on Dec. 8th I could see it with some difficulty in the 12-inch by occulting Merope with a wire in the eyepiece. With the great telescope the nebula can be seen fairly well with Merope in the field and is conspicuous when the star is placed just outside the north edge of the field. It is about 30" in diameter, of the 13th mag, gradually brighter in the middle, and very cometary in appearance. It was examined with powers of 300, 520 and 1500, with all of which it was comparatively easy."
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03 44 36.6 -11 48 03; Eri
Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 175°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; pretty faint, round,
diffuse, low even surface brightness (no core or zones), 40"
diameter. View affected by mag 9.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 350 = J. 1-119 on 14 Oct 1891 and recorded "faint, round, 30" diameter, very diffuse." His position is accurate.
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03 47 33.0 +35 02 49; Per
V = 11.9; Size 8"x6"; PA = 10°
17.5" (3/1/03): swept up at 100x as a fuzzy mag 12
"star". Nice view at
380x, which reveals a moderate surface brightness 7" disk. Fairly evenly illuminated but the halo
has a slightly irregular surface brightness. A mag 15 star is 20" WNW of center with a slightly
fainter star further north.
Located 3.4' NW of mag 9.5
17.5" (1/8/00): picked up at 100x as an out of focus mag 11 "star". At 220x, this high surface brightness PN was clearly nonstellar and slightly oval with a hint of a sparkle (central star) at the center. At 500x, appeared as a small, well-defined disc, elongated 4:3 SW-NE with dimensions ~7"x5". The quasi-stellar center was brighter with a small, fainter halo that seemed irregular. A couple of faint stars are close west and north. Located 3.5' NW of a distinctive trio of mag 10/11/13 stars.
8" (12/4/80): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE. A wide trio of stars is about 3.5' SE consisting of mag 9 SAO 56707, a mag 10.5 star and a mag 12.5 star (separations of 32", 36" and 58").
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 351 on 5 Dec 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory, while examining the region near Comet Zona. He estimated a diameter of 4.6" and a magnitude of 10.5-11. Sherburne Burnham measured a diameter of 10".
Based on a Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) described, "central star can be made out and is perhaps as bright as mag 14. The nebula shows a minute elliptical disk, which is 8"x6" in PA 10° in a 5 minute exposure. An elongated brighter patch is in the center."
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03 47 37.4 -08 43 55; Eri
Size 0.65'x0.4'; PA = 119°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; faint, fairly small, fairly
diffuse, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 25" diameter. Mag 9.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 352 = J. 2-589 on 7 Dec 1893. His position matches LEDA 176624, although HyperLeda doesn't associate this number with IC 352.
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03 53 46.3 +19 58 26; Tau
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 161°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, ~25"x15", low surface brightness. No brighter stars within 12' of the galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 355 = J. 2-590 on 15 Dec 1892 and noted "vF, S, R, 30" diameter, diffuse." He discovered it again on 15 Jan 1904 and included it as J. 1506 in his unpublished 4th list.
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IC 356 = Arp 213 = UGC 2953 = MCG +12-04-011 = PGC 14508
04 07 46.5 +69 48 45; Cam
V = 10.5; Size 5.2'x3.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 90°
48" (2/18/12): bright, large, oval 3:2 E-W, 3.0'x2.0',
large brighter core. There appears
to be a very slightly brighter streak extending from the core to the southwest. Several stars are superimposed on the
halo.
17.5" (11/2/91): moderately bright, fairly large,
elongated 3:2 E-W, 2.25'x1.5'.
Contains a large brighter core 30" diameter with a fairly faint
stellar nucleus. A mag 14 star is
embedded in the NE portion of halo.
Located 3.5' S of mag 8.6
8" (11/28/81): very faint, round, diffuse, even surface brightness. Located south of a mag 9 star.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 356 on 23 Aug 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His simple eyepiece sketch clearly identifies the neighboring stars. Barnard didn't publish his discovery until 1892 (AN 3097) in response to an independent discovery by William Denning on 7 Nov 1890 (Observatory, 15, 104 (1892)). Barnard's article was titled "Two Probably Variable Nebulae". In the article he mentions "from its brightness it is not possible that it has been so conspicuous for any great length of time, or it would surely have been found by Swift and others."
Both Barnard and Denning are credited in the IC. Denning was a bit peeved about Barnard's late discovery note and wrote "Mr. Barnard claims to have discovered [IC 356] in August 1889 whereas I did not pick it up until Nov 1890. While admitting this claim, I would venture to remark that anyone who makes a discovery ought to be prompt in announcing it, as a delay of several years is very likely to cause misconception and unnecessary trouble to others. I think that in ordinary cases priority of announcement ought to be accepted as priority of discovery." He also questioned Barnard's claim that the nebula had recent brightened, stating "I have picked up this object many times during the last two years without noticing any change in it other than can be fully accounted for by differences in atmospheric conditions."
But perhaps Barnard wasn't the first to discover this galaxy. Swift claimed (Astro-Physics, Vol XI, 566) an earlier discovery before 1879 based on marking the object on his Burritt's star atlas, though he didn't record or remember any particulars, stating he thought his early discoveries were all known!
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04 03 44.0 +22 09 33; Tau
V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 175°
24" (2/14/15): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, contains a very small brighter core. A mag 12 star lies 1.5' E and two additional stars form an isosceles triangle (sides 2', 2' and 3'). Located 14' WNW of 4.3-magnitude 37 Tauri.
Truman Safford discovered IC 357 = Sf. 73 on 1 Jan 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He reported "F, S, R, Nucl = 13.5m".
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04 03 42.9 +19 53 42; Tau
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 63°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small,
edge-on 4:1 SW-NE, 45"x12", very small brighter nucleus. The extensions are even thinner,
perhaps a width of 6" - 8".
A mag 13.6 star is off the SW end [50" from center]. Mag 8.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 358 = J. 120 on 17 Feb 1892.
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04 12 28.4 +27 42 08; Tau
V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.9
17.5" (3/1/03): easily swept up at 100x. At 280x appears faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration to a slightly brighter core and nucleus. A mag 15 star is just off the WSW edge [26" from center]. A mag 15.5 star is ~1.5' ~1' E (other nearby stars surround the galaxy on the DSS).
This number is incorrectly applied to the reflection nebula GN 04.15.5 = LBN 782 at 04 19.0 +28 17 (2000) in NGC 2000, Lynds, Neckel and Vehrenberg, etc.
Lewis Swift first discovered IC 359 = Sw. 2-29 = Sw. 10-14 on 20 Aug 1885 and reported "vF; pL; R; little brighter in the middle." His position is just 2.7' W (12 seconds of RA) of IC 359. He added a long note: "Resembles a Comet. Moonlight and clouds prevented verification until Sept. 6, when it could not be found. Am certain of its place, and of its configuration with 4 stars. Have examined the place three times and am certain of its absence. Seeing on one occasion as good as when discovered." He also stated in the introduction, "No. 19 [from list I] must therefore be struck out, and with great probability No. 29 of this Catalogue also." As a result, Dreyer didn't assigned Sw. 2-29 an NGC designation.
Swift rediscovered this galaxy on 25 Dec 1891 and recorded
"eeF; pL; R; Not no. 29 cat. 2.
That is still missing."
There is nothing at his position but
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04 18 51 +58 15 00; Cam
V = 11.7; Size 6'
18" (11/26/03): very faint cloud of partially resolved stars, ~4' in diameter. A number of fairly uniform mag 14-15 stars are just resolved over haze, though it's difficult to tally a total. A brighter 7' string of mag 11-12 stars oriented NW-SE passes along the north edge of the cluster.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 361 on 10 Oct 1890 with the 6 1/2" refractor at Lick Observatory. He recorded in his logbook, "In 6 1/2 inch it is apparently a very faint nebula between two or three stars. In 12-inch (175x) it is pL, excessively faint and seems to be an excessively faint cluster or extremely faint stars, with possibly some nebulosity - power too high." His simple sketch shows the cluster on line with two 6th magnitude stars to the southwest and the identity is certain. Barnard never published his discovery or notified Dreyer.
William Denning found it again on 11 Feb 1893 with his 10-inch reflector (see The Observatory, 41, 140). On 14 Sep he logged, "Cluster large and faint. It is really a nebula with minute stars strewn about it. With power 252 the nebulous matter vanishes, but power 40 shows it very conspicuously." Denning was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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04 16 42.4 -12 12 00; Eri
V = 13.2; Size 1.7'x1.1'; PA = 3°
24" (12/1/16): fairly faint to moderately bright, oval 3:2 N-S, 36"x24", brighter core, very small brighter nucleus with direct vision. Lies ~2' N of a pair of a wide pair [40" separation] of mag 13 stars.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 362 = J. 1-121 on 14 Oct 1891 and reported "pretty bright, round, 10" diameter". His position is accurate.
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04 18 55.4 +03 01 59; Tau
Size 0.4'x0.4'
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; similar to
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 363 on 17 Sep 1890 while measuring double stars with the 36" refractor at Lick Observatory. His micrometric offset from a mag 10 star an exact match with this faint galaxy.
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IC 364 = CGCG 392-020 = PGC 14854
04 19 06.7 +03 11 20; Tau
Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 72°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; between faint and
fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, very small brighter
nucleus. A mag 16 star is 40"
W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 364 = J. 2-591 on 6 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.
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IC 365 = MCG +01-11-017 = CGCG 392-021 = PGC 14860
04 19 14.1 +03 20 54; Tau
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 33°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE, 35"x25", well concentrated with a small bright core and a stellar nucleus. IC 364 is 9.5' S and IC 363 is 19' S (collinear). A 24" pair of mag 9/10 star is 6' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 365 = J. 2-592 on 12 Jan 1894.
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04 19 41.5 +02 21 35; Tau
Size 0.35'x0.2'; PA = 20°
24" (12/28/16): at 282x; faint, very small, round,
12" diameter. Closest galaxy
to
24" (12/22/14): faint, small, round, 12" diameter. Located 3.1' SSE of much brighter NGC 1550.
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 366 on 6 Oct 1890 with the 36" refractor at Lick Observatory. It was found near NGC 1550 (discovered by d'Arrest) and Burnham noted "That found by d'Arrest [NGC 1550] is at least six or eight times brighter than the other. There is a faint star, about 13m, between the two." His micrometric offset from NGC 1550 is very accurate.
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04 20 41.0 -14 46 52; Eri
V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140°
24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small,
very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 45"x15", slightly brighter along the spine
of the central part of the major axis.
Located 16' SE of mag 7.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 367 = J. 1-122 on 7 Dec 1891
and recorded "pB, pL, diffuse."
His position matches
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04 22 42.7 -12 36 55; Eri
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 169°
24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter, slightly brighter core, faint stellar nucleus. A 9' chain of mag 11.5-14 stars oriented SW-NE extends across the east side at 200x (13mm Ethos).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 368 = J. 1-123 on 15 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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04 23 28.2 -11 47 24; Eri
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint and but not
difficult, small, round, 25" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness
with only a weak concentration. Forms a near equilateral triangle with two 13th
mag stars 2.6' N and 3.3' ENE. Two 15th mag stars are 2' NE (between the
brighter stars). Possible outlying
member of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 369 = J. 1-124 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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04 24 01.7 -09 23 41; Eri
V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x1.1'; PA = 140°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, moderately large,
roundish, 40"-45" diameter, diffuse glow of very low surface
brightness, no core. Located 15'
SW of mag 7.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 370 = J. 2-593 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
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04 30 04.2 -05 00 36; Eri
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 30°
24" (2/24/20): moderately faint, fairly small, small
bright nucleus, very faint halo extended 3:2 or 2:1 SW-NE, 30"x15".
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 372 = J. 2-594 on 11 Feb
1893. His position is
accurate. HyperLeda doesn't
recognize
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IC 373 = MCG -01-12-013 = PGC 15335
04 30 42.7 -04 52 13; Eri
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.9'; PA = 108°
24" (2/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, sharp stellar nucleus. Bracketed between a mag 11.8 star 2' N and a mag 10.6 star 2.5' S, with a mag 12.5 star 3' W. Also two mag 8 stars are 7' E and 7' SE. IC 372 is 13' SW.
17.5" (12/26/00): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter. Gradually increases to a brighter core. In a line of 3 stars oriented N-S and ~2' from two mag 11 stars to the north and south. Located 19' NW of NGC 1600 in a group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 373 = J. 2-595 on 11 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
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04 32 32.8 +16 38 03; Tau
Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 85°
17.5" (1/31/87): faint, extremely small, round, brighter core, possibly elongated ~E-W. Visible with direct vision at 220x. Located 3.2' NE of a mag 9 star. Two stars mag 11/12 7' E and 9' ENE are collinear with the mag 9 star. Located 48' W and 7' N of Aldebaran within the Hyades. Appears almost stellar on the POSS.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 374 = Spitaler 4 on 28 Oct 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at the Vienna Observatory. His position is accurate.
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04 31 03.1 -12 58 26; Eri
Size 0.8'x0.55'; PA = 59°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, small, round,
20"-24" diameter. This member of AGC 496 is situated 8' SE of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 375 = J. 1-125 on 13 Oct
1891. His position is
accurate. HyperLeda doesn't
recognize
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04 31 13.8 -12 26 00; Eri
Size 0.6'x0.55'; PA = 50°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, round,
20" diameter, diffuse, low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with brighter
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; extremely faint, very small, round, 20", very low surface brightness. Initially, I only noticed brighter and larger IC 377, which is 1.5' SE, but with averted vision IC 376 was occasionally glimpsed clearly. Member of AGC 496.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 376 = J. 1-126, along with IC
377, on 14 Oct 1891. His position
is accurate. PGC and HyperLEDA
misidentify the larger galaxy to the southeast as
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IC 377 = MCG -02-12-031 = PGC 15366
04 31 16.5 -12 27 18; Eri
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.9'; PA = 99°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly
elongated, 30" diameter, brighter core, slightly irregular surface
brightness. IC 376 is 1.5' NW, PGC
952400 is 4' ESE and
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, round, very diffuse, low even surface brightness, ~30" diameter. Forms a pair with IC 376 1.5' NW. These member of AGC 496 are situated on the NW side of the galaxy cluster.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 377 = J. 1-127, along with IC
376, on 14 Oct 1891. His position
corresponds with
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04 31 27.9 -12 17 59; Eri
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.45'; PA = 69°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; faint, small, 20" diameter, slightly elongated SW-NE in the direction of a mag 14.5 star at the SW edge. A 12th mag star is 2' NW. IC 377 is 10' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 378 = J. 1-128 on 13 Oct
1891. His position is accurate,
although HyperLeda and SIMBAD fail to identify
******************************
04 31 50.9 -07 14 18; Eri
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 34°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint but easily visible, round, 30"-35" diameter, low surface brightness, small weak brightening at the center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 379 = J. 2-596 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 380 = MCG -02-12-034 = PGC 15398
04 31 41.3 -12 55 37; Eri
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 75°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. Collinear with two equal 10th mag stars 2.4' and 4.2' NE. Probable member of AGC 496. IC 375 lies 10' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 380 = J. 1-129 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
04 44 28.5 +75 38 24; Cam
V = 12.3; Size 2.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5" (3/1/03): picked up at 100x as a moderately large, low surface brightness galaxy. Brightens somewhat towards the center. A mag 13 star is superimposed near the edge of the halo. At 220x, the star is at the north edge and the galaxy is elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.6', although the edge of the halo is difficult to define.
William Denning discovered IC 381 on 26 Aug 1889 while
comet-seeking at 32x with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector in England. At first he thought it might be
identical to
******************************
04 37 55.5 -09 31 10; Eri
V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 0°
17.5" (1/23/93): fairly faint, moderately large, round,
1.5' diameter, gradually increases to small bright core. A 10' string of stars extends towards
the NW. Appears brighter and
larger than
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 382 = J. 2-587 on 6 Feb 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at Nice, France. His position is accurate. RNGC and NGC 2000.0 incorrectly equates IC 382 with NGC 1632. See NGC 1632.
******************************
04 38 58.0 +09 53 33; Tau
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, very small, round, 12" to 15" diameter maximum. Even surface brightness glow with a well defined halo. A mag 12.5 star [3.5" uneven double] is 50" E of center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 383 = J. 2-598 on 15 Dec
1892. His position is accurate,
although HyperLeda doesn't recognize
******************************
04 39 18.3 -07 50 21; Eri
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.45'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, sharply defined periphery, good surface brightness. Collinear with a mag 12.6 star 0.5' NNW and a mag 15.2 star 0.8' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 384 = J. 2-599 on 13 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
04 39 31.5 -07 05 51; Eri
Size 1.1'x0.5'; PA = 107°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, ~0.8'x0.4', bright core, diffuse halo. A mag 10 star is 3.7' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 385 = J. 2-600 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
04 39 58.5 -09 27 23; Eri
V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 40°
17.5" (1/23/93): very faint, small, round, weak concentration, low surface brightness. Located 3.1' SSW of a mag 10.5 star. IC 382 lies 30' WSW. Misidentified in the RNGC as IC 382.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 386 = J. 2-601 on 6 Feb
1893. His position corresponds
with
******************************
04 41 44.2 -07 05 10; Eri
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 81°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint,
moderately large, oval 4:3 or 3:2, ~1' diameter, brighter core, very diffuse
outer halo.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 387 = J. 2-602 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
04 41 54.3 -07 18 23; Eri
Size 0.4'x0.4'
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Two mag 15.1 and 14.6 stars are less than 30" SW and 25" SE. A slightly fainter companion just 30" W wasn't noticed in poor seeing and low elevation (observed far west of the meridian). Forms a very close pair with IC 389 1.4' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 388 = J. 1-130 on 28 Jan 1892. There are two very small galaxies just south of his position and his description coupld apply to either or both (as well as nearby faint stars). HyperLeda doesn't identify either of these two galaxies as IC 388.
******************************
04 41 59.6 -07 18 41; Eri
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.8'
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, 35" diameter, good surface brightness. IC 388 lies 1.3' W, along with two faint stars that collinear with the galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 389 = J. 1-131 on 18 Jan 1892.
******************************
IC 390 = MCG -01-12-046 = PGC 15844
04 42 03.9 -07 12 23; Eri
V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 39°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; relatively faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, very weak concentration, 0.6'x0.2'. IC 387 lies 9' NW and IC 388 is 6.5' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 390 = J. 1-132 on 28 Jan 1892 and reported "faint, round, 10" diameter." His position is accurate.
******************************
04 57 21.7 +78 11 25; Cam
V = 12.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.8
17.5" (3/1/03): easily swept up at 100x; fairly faint, moderately large, round, fairly even surface brightness. At 220x, embedded in the middle of a scattered group of stars, 1' diameter, nearly uniform surface brightness, possibly slightly elongated ~E-W, 1.0'x0.9'.
William Denning discovered IC 391 on 7 Nov 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector from England. He simply noted "F, S, R." and measured a fairly accurate position.
******************************
04 46 25.9 +03 30 22; Ori
V = 12.3; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 170°
17.5" (2/11/96): faint, fairly small, irregularly round, 1.0' diameter, even concentration to a very small brighter core. Located 2.3' WNW of a mag 10 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 392 = J. 2-604 on 6 Jan 1894
with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches
******************************
04 47 51.8 -15 31 31; Eri
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (2/23/22): fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. A mag 14.6 star is close north [38" from center] and a mag 13.5 star is nearly collinear 1.2' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 393 = J. 1-333 on 7 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
04 49 34.1 +00 15 10; Ori
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 130°
17.5" (2/11/96): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
45" diameter. At first
appeared elongated but this illusion was caused by a mag 14.5 star at the
following edge 25" from center.
Another mag 13.5-14 star is 1' W.
This galaxy may be
Lewis Swift discovered IC 395 = Sw. 9-15 on 20 Oct 1889 and
reported "eF; vS; R; F * close f." His position is 10 seconds west of
******************************
04 57 59.0 +68 19 23; Cam
V = 12.0; Size 2.1'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 85°
17.5" (3/1/03): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2, 1.2'x0.8', small bright core is extended NNW-SSE. This galaxy is fairly bright for the IC galaxy and was immediately swept up at 100x.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 396 on 20 Sep 1890 with the
12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.
He noted a "small, indef, 12 1/2 mag, field marked by 3 or 4 pairs
of stars. The neb = 3/4' diameter,
somewhat brighter in the middle [difficult to read]." His rough position
is off by 16', but he made an accurate field sketch that clearly identifies
this galaxy. He later computed an
accurate position using the coordinates for his offset star (
******************************
04 58 12.6 -07 46 49; Eri
Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 21°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, very elongated
3:1 SSW-NNE, 50" major axis, moderate surface brightness, slightly
brighter elongated core. A mag 13
.6 star is 50" N of center.
Located 17' WNW of
Frank Muller discovered IC 398 = LM(S) 198 on 13 Dec 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He described it as "Elongated 5° (SSW-NNE), diffuse" with a size of 1.0'x0.4'.
******************************
05 01 44.1 -04 17 19; Eri
V = 14.8; Size 0.3'x0.3'
48" (11/2/13): at 375x appeared moderately bright,
fairly small, round, 18", fairly high surface brightness with a very small
bright nucleus. Located 2.3' SE of
the
17.5" (2/8/97): very faint, very small, round, 15"
diameter, low even surface brightness.
This galaxy is located just 2.3' SE of
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 399 = Spitaler 35 on 25 Feb 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at the Vienna Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. The MCG and NGC 2000 incorrectly equate IC 399 with NGC 1741. See Malcolm Thomson's IC identification notes.
******************************
05 04 19.6 -10 04 36; Eri
Size 1.6'x0.6'; PA = 56°
24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, ~40"x18", sharply concentrated with a small bright nucleus and low surface brightness extensions (arms). Situated at the midpoint of mag 9.7 HD 32646 4.4' S and a mag 11.6 star 4.2' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 401 = J. 2-605 on 9 Feb 1893
and noted "very faint, round, 20" diameter, very small
nucleus." His position
matches
******************************
05 06 14.8 -09 06 27; Eri
V = 13.7; Size 2.3'x1.5'; PA = 146°
24" (12/20/17): faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, ~30" diameter. A
very faint star (mag ~15.5) is at the southwest edge. The halo fades into the
background, so the size and shape were difficult to determine. Based on the catalogued magnitude (V = 13.7),
this galaxy was fainter than expected.
Located 14' ENE of
Frank Muller discovered IC 402 = LM(S) 212 on 12 Dec 1887. He recorded "irregularly round, diffuse", with an estimated magnitude of 15.5 and diameter 1.5'. His recomputed RA using his offset star matches UGCA 99, although the declination is off by ~1.5'. Still, there are no other nearby objects, so the identification is nearly certain.
******************************
05 13 19.6 +09 45 18; Ori
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 135°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; faint, very small, round, 0.3' diameter. A mag 14 star is just off the SE side [14" from center].
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 404 = J. 2-606 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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05 16 12 +34 16; Aur
Size 30'x19'
18" (1/20/07): the Flaming Star Nebula was barely visible without filter as a very low surface brightness hazy region mainly to the north of the mag 6 "runaway star" AE Aurigae. The H-beta filter somewhat increases the contrast of the nebulosity. The haze is brightest in the region surrounding AE and extends mostly in a broad fan for 10'-15' to the north and northeast.
17.5" (2/8/86): the "Flaming Star" nebula is a very faint, large, diffuse nebulosity extending mainly north of AE Aurigae without filter. Enhanced with an H-beta filter.
13.1" (12/7/85): very low surface brightness haze at 62x using an H-beta filter, though nebulosity seen to 15' diameter and extending generally to the north and northeast of AE Aurigae.
13.1" (1/18/85): nebulosity highly suspected on east side of AE Aurigae.
John Martin Schäeberle discovered IC 405 photographically on 21 Mar 1892 using the Willard lens strapped to the 6-inch Clark refractor at Lick Observatory. An announcement ("A Large New Nebula in Auriga") and description was given in PASP, Vol 4, No. 22. Max Wolf also photographed it on 25 Sep 1892 (AN 131 [3130], 159) and in 1903 reported this nebula "looks like a burning body from which several enormous curved flames seem to break out like gigantic prominences". He urged his colleagues to aim their spectroscopes at this "flaming star" - hence the name "Flaming Star Nebula".
******************************
05 17 42.6 -15 31 24; Lep
V = 13.5; Size 1.9'x0.35'; PA = 165°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 45"x15", fairly low surface brightness, broad
concentration but no distinct core or nucleus. Located 6.7' NNE of mag 8.6
John Dreyer discovered IC 407 = J. 1-134 on 25 Jan 1875 as
an assistant on Lawrence Parsons' 72-inch. His description reads "cE 163.1° [NNW-SSE]. *10m Pos.
200.3°, Dist. 408.5". The
orientation and offset to the brighter star (HD 34528) are a perfect match with
this galaxy. But Dreyer assumed
the observation refered to
Stephane Javelle found the galaxy again on 7 Dec 1891 and called it "faint, little elongated N-S." Javelle measured an accurate position and Dreyer gave him discovery credit, not aware of his own prior discovery.
******************************
05 19 44.9 -25 03 52; Lep
V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 160°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift discovered IC 408 = Sw. 8-38 on 2 Feb 1889,
along with
There is nothing at Barnard's position for IC 411 (in list VIII and copied correctly into the IC). Corwin suggests the observation may refer to a double star at 05 18 04.2 -25 10 16. Its position is off by over 5', but there is a mag 7.5 mag star 5.5' SE. I think a more likely possibility is IC 408 refers to IC 2121 (later discovered by Swift on 26 Dec 1897), which is nearly 2 minutes of RA further east and has a mag 7.0 star 4.8' SW.
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05 19 33.6 +03 19 06; Ori
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 25°
24" (1/28/17): at 450x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated. Contains a
stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus offset at the SSW end. Occasionally, a second extremely faint
stellar nucleus was glimpsed close northeast. The two nuclei are separated by only 7"! Situated in a busy star field 7.5' SW
of mag 9.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 409 = J. 2-607 on 12 Jan 1894
and recorded, "pretty bright, nearly round, the central condensation is
possibly double." His
position matches
******************************
05 22 36 +33 31; Aur
Size 40'x30'
24" (1/4/14): at 125x unfiltered; emission nebulosity
was evident surrounding and beyond the borders of open cluster
The cometary "Tadpoles" nebulae
13.1" (1/18/85): very faint nebulosity involved with open cluster NGC 1893. The brightest portion is at the NW edge of cluster. A dark "hole" is just south of this nebulosity. More extensive nebulosity is suspected but difficult to confirm due to the general background haze of the cluster. Enhanced with UHC and OIII filters.
13.1" (2/25/84): nebulosity is evident preceding the NW star of the triangle of stars surrounding the cluster. Very faint but definite with a filter in poor transparency.
Max Wolf discovered IC 410 on 25 Sep 1892 on a Heidelberg
plate. In AN 3130, p159, he noted
the plate revealed a group of stars and a large nebula surrounding the star BD
+33°1023. His position matches the
brightest star (mag 9.0
******************************
IC 411 = ESO 486-056 = MCG -04-13-011 = PGC 17130
05 20 18.6 -25 19 28; Lep
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.7'; PA = 129°
24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, 35"x25". The surface brightness is moderate and fairly even. A number of brighter stars are in the
field, particularly to the east.
Located 16' SE of mag 7.0
Lewis Swift discovered IC 411 = Sw. 8-39 on 2 Feb 1889,
along with IC 408, while using a 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory during a
visit to E.E. Barnard. His
description reads "vF; pS; R." and the position (measured by Barnard)
is within 45" of
******************************
05 21 56.7 +03 29 11; Ori
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 30°
48" (10/27/19): IC 412 and
24" (1/12/13): both members of this interacting pair
(VV 225) are fairly faint, small, roughly 20"-25" in size, and each
contains small bright cores. IC
412, the northwest component, is larger and more elongated , roughly 5:3 SW-NE,
25"x15". IC 413 is just
off the ESE side, 35" between centers. A mag 12.3 star is 30" ENE (at
the north edge of IC 413). The
stretched spiral arm or tidal tail to the north was not seen. The pair is 14'
WSW of the bright double 23 Ori = STF 696 (5.0/7.2 at 32").
Member of a group (WBL 114 = LGG 130) at a distance of ~180
million l.y. with
17.5" (12/26/00): this is the northwest member of an
unusual close pair of interacting galaxies with IC 413 -- just 35"
separation (in PA 115°) and both members appearing to extend from a mag 12 star
(30" from centers to star)!
Both galaxies are faint, very small, slightly elongated, ~25"x15",
with small brighter cores. IC 412
is elongated SSW-NNE and 30" SW of the mag 12 star - with the NE end just
west of the star. Located 6' SSW
of mag 7.6
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 412, along with IC 413, on 30 Oct 1888 while sweeping with the 12-inch telescope of Lick Observatory. He noted "the nebulae are very small, roundish, mbM. Close south of a small star." His field sketch confirms the identification. Sherburne Burnham, who discovered nearby IC 414, also observed and measured the pair at Lick Observatory (Publ of Lick Observatory, II). Stephane Javelle independently found the pair on 12 Jan 1894 and Barnard and Javelle are both credited with the discovery in the IC 1.
But Barnard must have later sent his original discovery to
Dreyer, who assigned it as
******************************
IC 413 = IC 2124 = UGC 3299 = MCG +01-14-035 = CGCG 421-042 = VV 225a = VV 630 = WBL 114-003 = PGC 17181
05 21 58.9 +03 28 56; Ori
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 135°
48" (10/27/19): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, very slightly elongated, 24"x20", sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus. A mag 12.3 star is only 0.4' N of center. Forms an interacting pair with IC 412 just 0.6' NW.
24" (1/12/13): this is the southeast component of the close interacting pair VV 225. At 375x it appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~22"x17", sharply concentrated with a very small, high surface brightness nucleus. A mag 12.3 star is just 25" N of center and a mag 16.2 star is 46" SSW. IC 412 is just 35" NW and roughly similar in appearance. IC 414 lies 8.5' S.
17.5" (12/26/00): the southeast member of an unusual interacting pair (tidal tails on DSS image) of similar galaxies with IC 412 just 35" NW and both galaxies straddle a mag 12 star! IC 413 appears similar to IC 412 - ~25"x15", slightly elongated NW-SE with a small brighter core. The northwest tip of the galaxy is virtually in contact with the mag 12 star.
See notes for IC 412 = IC 2123.
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IC 414 = MCG +01-14-033 = CGCG 421-040 = WBL 114-001 = PGC 17179
05 21 55.0 +03 20 31; Ori
Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 135°
24" (2/5/13): faint to fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 24"x18", weak concentration. Located 8.5' S of the interacting pair VV 225 = IC 412/413.
17.5" (12/26/00): faint, small, round, 25"
diameter. Located 9' S of the IC
412/413 pair and 2' NW of mag 9.4
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 414 on 8 Nov 1891 with the 36" refractor at Lick Observatory while sweeping for IC 412 and 413. The latter pair was discovered earlier by Barnard using the 12-inch at Lick.
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05 21 21.6 -15 32 34; Lep
Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 155°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; fairly faint, small, round,
moderately high surface brightness, easily visible continuously. A mag 9.2 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 415 = J. 1-135 on 7 Dec
1891. His position is accurate
although HyperLeda and SIMBAD don't recognize
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05 23 56.4 -17 15 37; Lep
V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 68°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint but easy,
elongated ~5:3 WSW-ENE, 0.5'x0.3', fairly low and even brightness. Located 19' SSW of mag 5.65
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 416 = J. 2-610 on 18 Feb 1893
and recorded, "faint, poorly defined, little elongated, gradually
condensed." His position
matches
******************************
05 28 06 +34 26; Aur
Size 13'x10'
18" (1/20/07): large, irregular faint haze, ~8'-9'
diameter. Involved with open
cluster Stock 8 (35-40 stars at 115x) in the field of 5.2-magnitude Phi
Aurigae. Mild contrast gain with a
UHC filter.
17.5" (2/9/02): this large HII region encases the open cluster Stock 8 and is situated ~6' SE of 5th magnitude Phi Aurigae. At 140x, the cluster consists of 40-50 stars including two mag 10 (the brightest is the wide double STF 707 = 9.7/11.4 at 18") and numerous mag 12-14 stars. With a UHC filter (or OIII filter at 100x), the cluster is encased in a moderately bright glow, ~8'x5'. The nebulosity is brightest in a triangular wedge, tapering towards the south with the two mag 10 stars oriented N-S (2' separation) along the western boundary. The glow is irregular but has a fairly sharp border along the western edge.
8" (12/6/80): faint nebulosity involved with three stars mag 9-11 including STF 707 = 9.7/11.4 at 18". The brightest portion is located 8' SE of Phi Aurigae (V = 5.1). Embedded in the open cluster Stock 8.
Max Wolf discovered IC 417 on 25 Sep 1892 on a Heidelberg plate. In AN 3130 (131), p159, he noted a "vast nebula envelopes the star cluster" and his position is within the cluster.
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05 27 28.2 -12 41 50; Lep
V = 9.0; Size 14"x11"
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; the bright central star was clearly surrounded by a sharply defined small ring with a dark rose color. Switching to 260x, the color was more evident and saturated.
48" (2/18/12): at 488x, the sharply defined, vivid raspberry annulus appeared relatively thin and extended NNW-SSE, ~14"x12". The high contrast central dark hole was striking surrounding the bright central star. Surrounding the annulus is a faint outer halo, increasing the size to roughly 20".
48" (4/2/11): truly impressive view at 375x and 488x, which revealed a very high surface brightness, slightly elongated halo, ~14"x12", surrounding the very bright central star. I was surprised to see the planetary was clearly annular with a very bright, irregular rim that varied slightly in thickness and a fairly high contrast darker hole surrounding the central star. The ring's outer rim was a shocking, deep raspberry color. The color was more intense at 375x and slightly more saturated along one-half of the annulus.
18" (1/26/09): striking view at 175x with the mag 10.5 central star blazing within a 10" disc with a crisply defined halo. Excellent contrast gain using an H-beta filter with the central star nearly lost with the high surface brightness disc. There appeared to be a very faint, thin envelope surrounding the main 10" disc extending a few arc seconds. At 285x, the planetary is slightly oval NNW-SSE with subtle variations in surface brightness; slightly weaker around the central star and slightly brighter along portions of the rim.
18" (1/15/07): at 115x, the bright mag 10.5 central star is surrounded by a small 10" disc with a noticeable raspberry tint.
17.5" (2/22/03): at 100x, the bright 10.5 magnitude central star was centered in a 10" round halo with a definite rosy or raspberry tint at the outer edge of the halo, though the effect is fairly subtle. Using an H-beta filter, the central star was strongly dimmed but the halo was significantly enhanced, dramatically changing the view of this planetary. At 380x, no color was visible but the halo was a bit asymmetrical with a "softer" edge and possible double shell structure. The center was very slightly darker around the central star.
17.5" (12/30/99): at 82x the mag 10.5 central star was enveloped in a very small round halo which appeared to have a slight reddish tinge at its edge. This is a low-excitation PN and using a H-beta filter, the halo brightened and the central star faded, leaving a more noticeable disc. At 220x, the prominent central star was surrounded by a well-defined 10" halo that partially "blinked" on and off switching from averted to direct vision. At 280x, the small halo was possibly surrounded by an extremely faint envelope, but this could not be confirmed. 380x and 500x presented a superb view of the inner disc which appeared weakly annular.
17.5" (3/8/97): unusually bright mag 10.5 central star surrounded by a small high surface brightness halo. At 220x, this planetary has a distinct "blinking" effect; staring at central star partially washes out the halo and with averted the halo is more dominant. At 82x, an unusual rosy tinge is evident at the edge of the small halo, although the effect was fairly subdued. The seeing was not steady enough for high power viewing of the outer shell.
17.5" (10/12/85): high surface brightness planetary, appears very bright at 481x. Contains a bright "fuzzy" central star with a bright inner portion surrounded by a second fainter shell slightly elongated N-S.
13.1" (10/20/84): very bright, small, takes 350-410x well, bright central star, subtle shell structure.
8" (2/23/22): at 95x, the PN was nearly stellar, appearing as fuzzy mag 10 star. Increasing to 176x, a small well-defined disc surrounded the bright central star. At 229x with a careful look, the halo could just be resolved as annular. A perfect very small ring!
8" (2/5/81): nearly stellar at 100x, bright, appears as a mag 10 star with a small, faint bluish halo.
24" (1/23/22): Using the Televue Night Vision device
(Gen3 White Phosphor) with a 6nm H-alpha filter at 286x: the rim was extremely
bright and sharply defined, forming a striking annulus (slightly elongated)
around the central star. It
reminding me of a small, high contrast view of
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 418 on an objective-spectrum plate taken on 26 Mar 1891 (probably by Solon Bailey at Harvard's temporary station at Chosica, Peru or by William Pickering at Arequipa). In a note dated 20 Jun 1891 and published in Astronomische Nachricten 128, p.11, Mina described the H-beta line as "unusually large as compared with the line whose wavelength is 5007 [OIII], the visual spectrum differs strikingly from that of other planetary nebulae." Dreyer credited Pickering with the discovery in the IC.
W.W. Campbell, who credited Fleming with the discovery, made the first visual observation. In 1891 he reported "it is a beautiful object as seen in the 36-inch telescope [Lick], consisting of a 9th magnitude star surrounded by a circular disc of blue light nearly 15" in diameter."
Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported, "central star of mag 19, surrounded by a bright somewhat elliptical ring 14"x11" in outside diameter, and about 12"x10" along its central line; pa 163°." Walter Scott Houston made an observation in 1945 using a 10" reflector.
A star is plotted at this position on the Uranometria 2000.0 Atlas because the BD catalogue included the central star.
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05 32 09.5 -04 31; Ori
Size 8'
18" (2/19/09): large, extremely faint reflection nebula
surrounding mag 8.2
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 420 = HN 63 on 27 Jun 1888 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate. She noted "very faint nebulosity preceding and a little south of DM -4°1162. Not confirmed by Plate 2414." Edward Pickering announced the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). Photographs taken with the Bache telescope, a photographic 8-inch f/5.5 doublet, covering 10 degrees square, were examined by Fleming with a magnifying glass.
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05 32 08.5 -07 55 05; Ori
Size 3.2'x2.8'; PA = 80°
24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, very large, slightly
elongated ~E-W, ~2' diameter, broad fairly weak concentration, so the surface
brightness of this reddened galaxy is fairly low. A wide double star (HJ 2271 = 10/11.5 at 19") is 6.4'
NNW.
17.5" (2/14/99): very faint, moderately large low surface brightness glow, ~2' diameter, very weak concentration, ill-defined halo fades into background. A mag 13 star lies 2.3' ESE of center. The galaxy is collinear with two wide brighter unequal pairs 6' NNW and 13' NNW.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 421 = HN 66 on 27 Jun 1888 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate of the M42 region. She described a "faint nebulosity about 2' in diameter." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals (1890AnHar..18..113P) and he was credited with the discovery in the IC. The published position is 10' too far south. MCG failed to label -01-15-001 as IC 421.
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05 32 18.6 -17 13 26; Lep
Size 0.95'x0.9'
24" (2/13/18): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly
small, round, 30" diameter, sharply concentrated with a very small bright
nucleus within a bright core. A
mag 13 star is 1' SE and mag 8.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 422 = J. 2-611 on 19 Feb
1893. His position matches MCG
-03-15-001 = PGC 17409. Lewis
Swift found this galaxy again on 16 Oct 1896 and reported it as new (#80 in
list XI). His position is 4' too
far SW, but when Dreyer catalogued it as
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05 33 24 -00 37 00; Ori
Size 6'x4'
17.5" (12/26/00): fairly faint, large, slightly
elongated NW-SE, ~5' diameter. A
couple of mag 12.5 stars are superimposed. The edges fade into the background. Photographically, this reflection
nebula has an irregular ring shape.
Located 28' SE of mag 2.2 Delta Orionis (top star in Orion's Belt). Nearby
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 423 = HN 58 on 27 Jun 1888 during a photographic survey of the M42 region at the Harvard College Observatory. She noted a "irregular oval ring having diameters 3' by 5'. The position angle of the larger axis is about 165°." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P) and is credited with the discovery in the IC. Fleming examined photographs taken with the Bache telescope, an 8-inch f/5.5 doublet covering 10 degrees square, with a magnifying glass.
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05 33 36 -00 25; Ori
Size 2.0'x1.0'
18" (2/19/09): faint, fairly small reflection nebula, ~2' in diameter. Involving 4 or 5 stars with the two brightest at mag 13-14 forming a 35" pair oriented E-W. Located 3' NE of mag 8.3 HD 36683 and 25' ESE of mag 2.2 Mintaka (Delta Orionis). IC 423 (observed previously) is located 12' SSW.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 424 = HN 56 on 27 Jun 1888 during a photographic survey of the M42 region at the Harvard College Observatory. Edward C. Pickering announced the discovery in the 1908 Harvard Annals publication and he is credited with the discovery in the IC. IC 423 was described as a "Nebula about 2' in diameter, brightest on the following side."
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05 36 31 -00 17 54; Ori
Size 5'x5'
18" (11/22/03): at 115x, surprisingly large reflection nebula just following a mag 8.6 star. Appears ~7'x5' in diameter and oval E-W, though the outline is ragged. There are a number of brighter stars nearby and the nebula is situated northeast of a distinctive N-S chain of 5 stars mag 8.6-10. A distinct border runs E-W just following the mag 8.6 star. An OIII filter killed the nebula, though I didn't try either a UHC or H-beta filter. Located 1° NNE of Alnilam (middle star in Orion's belt).
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 426 = HN 57, along with IC 423 and 424, on 27 Jun 1888 during a photographic survey of the M42 region at the Harvard College Observatory. Edward C. Pickering reported the discovery in the 1908 Harvard Annals publication and he is credited with the discovery in the IC. IC 423 was described as a "faint nebula about 5' in diameter."
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05 36 16 -06 38.1; Ori
24" (2/15/23): at 125x; nearly the whole field
surrounding
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 427 = HN 67, along with IC
428, on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate on 27 Jun 1888. Edward Pickering published the
discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). She noted No. 15 as "A large patch
of faint nebulosity, probably connected with No. 12 [
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05 36 23 -06 27 01; Ori
18" (2/5/11): at 108x, this difficult reflection nebula
appears as a very faint, hazy glow just west of mag 8
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 428 = HN 64, along with IC 427, on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate on 27 Jun 1888 and noted "perhaps this object should have been included with No. 15 [IC 427]." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P).
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05 38 19.2 -07 02 24; Ori
18" (1/21/04): this cometary nebula appears as a very
weak, small enhancement, ~10" diameter, about 2' NE of a wide pair of mag
13 stars located 13' NW of mag 4.8 49 Orionis. At moments it appeared stellar or an extremely faint star is
involved. Located at the northwest
tip of reflection nebula
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 429 = J 2-612 on 6 Feb 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. Dave Riddle noted the equivalence with Parsamian-Petrossian 37.
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05 38 33.2 -07 05 07; Ori
Size 11'x11'
18" (1/21/04): very faint, fairly large low surface brightness glow to the northwest of mag 4.8 49 Orionis, ~4'. Extends to a wide pair of mag 13 stars. This reflection nebula needs to be reconfirmed as the bright star may have confused the observation. See IC 429, which lies at the northwest tip of IC 430.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 430 = HN 65 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888. She noted a "nebulous band 3' wide extending 10' north preceding from DM -7° 1142." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P)."
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05 40 13.5 -01 27 45; Ori
Size 5'x3'
24" (1/1/19): at 200x; fairly faint reflection nebula
surrounding mag 7.8
17.5" (12/26/00): very faint, hazy glow surrounding mag
7.7
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 431 = HN 61 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888. She noted "nebulosity surrounding DM -1° 1001." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P).
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IC 432 = LBN 946 = vdB 51= Ced 55m
05 40 56.3 -01 30 26; Ori
Size 8'x4'
24" (1/1/19): at 200x; moderately bright, large,
irregularly round, ~4' diameter, surrounding mag 7.2
13.1" (1/11/86): very faint glow surrounding mag 7.5
8" (12/6/80): faint, diffuse, 4' diameter, envelops a mag 8 star.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 432 = HN 60 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888. She noted "well-marked nebulosity surrounding DM -1° 1005. Unlike most nebulous stars, the nebulosity does not fade away towards the edges. It looks rather like an irregular oval nebula on which a star was superimposed." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P).
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05 40 31.3 -11 39 56; Lep
V = 13.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, round, 30" diameter, small slightly brighter nucleus. Located 30' W of mag 7.0 HD 38072.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 433 = J. 2-613 on 18 Feb 1893. His reduced position is about 1/2' too far north.
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05 41 00 -02 24; Ori
Size 60'x10'
24" (2/13/18): I was surprised to easily pick up the IC 434 strip extending south of Zeta Orionis unfiltered at 124x (21mm Nagler). Although the Horsehead wasn't prominently visible, I could also see the notch unfiltered!
13.1" (1/11/86): using an H-beta filter IC 434 appears
a very faint, very large, very elongated strip of nebulosity running south of
Zeta Orionis for almost one degree in a N-S direction. There is a well-defined sharp edge
along the east side while the west side fades off into the background. Contains the famous dark nebula
24" (1/21/12): the view of the Horsehead through a 24" f/4.1 Starmaster using a Collins I3 image intensifier mated with a narrowband H-alpha filter at the Mauna Kea visitor center (9300') was absolutely stunning. The outline stood out in extremely sharp relief like a photograph and the dark cloud was pitch black against the bright background. I'm not sure of the magnification used but the field was 30' or less and the Horsehead was large enough to show exquisite detail in the outline.
17.5" (12/26/00 and 12/28/00): at 100x using an H-beta filter, the huge IC 434 strip was very prominent and easy to follow south from Zeta Orionis throughout the entire 50' field of view. The boundary was razor-sharp along its eastern edge against a background sky darkened by the H-beta filter. The Horsehead was very easy to view as a nearly black, semi-circular 4' indentation that protruded into the nebulosity. With averted vision there was a short extension or knob on the north side. This forms the snout of the horse and with concentration faint nebulosity is visible just below (east) of the snout.
17.5" (10/8/88): easily held with direct vision using the H-beta filter. The head or snout protrudes to the north.
17.5" (9/14/85 and 10/12/85): the Horsehead Nebula
appears as a jet black dark nebula using an H-beta filter at 84x superimposed
against the fairly prominent emission nebula IC 434. Appears as a semi-circular indentation or "bite"
of 5' diameter along the sharply defined eastern edge of IC 434
"strip" which extends through field in a N-S orientation. Significant contrast gain with and
H-Beta filter which renders the background sky and B33 extremely dark. Difficult to see the "snout"
feature which protrudes to the north but it is detectable. Mag 8.5
13.1" (1/18/85): visible with direct vision with H-Beta filter and striking with averted. The snout was suspected. The contrast between B33 and the sky was high with the background jet black and sharply outlined against the easy glow of IC 434. Best view with 24mm.
13.1" (1/28/84): IC 434 seen as a long thin strip at 62x + H-beta filter; Horsehead faintly visible as a dark indentatin on E edge near two faint stars.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 434 on Harvard College Observatory plates in 1883. Edward Pickering announced the discovery (along with a number of other Orion nebulae) in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). She also described the dark notch (later dubbed the "Horsehead") as "A large nebulosity extending nearly south the Zeta Orionis for about 60'. More intense and well marked on the following side with a semicircular indentation 5' in diameter 30' south of Zeta. All good plates of this region show this object, and it has been used here as a test for some time." Dreyer didn't mention the "indentation" in the IC description.
Harold Corwin comments that "Some people have suggested
that it was actually found by William Herschel. This is not true; WH's comment (see Latusseck, J. Astron.
Data 14, 4, 2008 where it is reprinted) "Wonderful black space included in
Nebulosities" refers to
But Wolfgang notes that on 1 Feb 1786 (sweep 518), Herschel recorded a large region of nebulosity extending roughly 2° north-south, not far east of IC 434. He noted "I am pretty sure the places of which these are the boundaries are all full of diffused milky nebulosity; but notwithstanding I used every means of ascertaining it by motion of the telescope, my range was neither far enough, nor sufficiently quick to put it beyond doubt. Caroline assigned it the general (internal) discovery number 1321, which became H. V 35 (first of 4 different fields associated with that designation). Wolfgang Steinicke feels it may apply to IC 434, though Herschel's RA is about 3 minutes too large, so this identification is very uncertain.
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05 43 00.6 -02 18 45; Ori
Size 5'x3'
24" (1/1/19): at 200x; bright reflection nebula surrounding mag 8.3 38087, large, round, 3' to 4' diameter, moderately high surface brightness, seems brighter close to the star, though this may be due to glare. Located 20' ESE of NGC 2023.
13.1" (1/18/85): at 88x with OIII filter (wrong filter
to use) appears as a very faint and difficult circular nebulosity surrounding
mag 8.3
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 435 = HN 59 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888 and noted "Nebulosity surrounding DM -2°1350." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). Photographs taken with the Bache telescope, a photographic 8-inch f/5.5 doublet, covering 10 degrees square, were examined by Fleming with a magnifying glass.
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05 51 37.4 -12 33 54; Lep
Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 7°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, extended N-S, quite easy to pick up in the field. Increasing to 375x; elongated 2:1 N-S, brighter core, a dim mag 16 star is at the south tip.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 437 = J. 2-614 on 11 Feb
1893. His position is
accurate. Identified as
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05 53 00.1 -17 52 34; Lep
V = 12.0; Size 2.8'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 55°
17.5" (3/8/97): fairly faint, moderately large, nearly
2' diameter. Appears as a diffuse
roundish glow with a very weak, broad concentration. A mag 14.5 star is attached at the NE end, 1.0' from the
center. A 1' pair of mag 10 stars
precedes by 3.5'. Located 8' SSE
of mag 8.6
Lewis Swift discovered IC 438 = Sw. 10-15 on 7 Jan 1891 and recorded "eeF; pS; E in meridian; wide D * nr preceding." He found it again on 7 Oct 1897 and described Sw. 11-88 as "vF; pL; R; v wide D * near p[receding]." Howe noted the equivalence in his survey of IC objects (Monthly Notices, Nov. 1900) and also discovered nearby IC 2151.
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06 19 13.3 +80 04 07; Cam
V = 13.3; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 36°
24" (2/8/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, sharply concentrated with a fairly high surface brightness
core ~25" diameter. Very low
surface brightness extensions were barely glimpsed extending SSW-NNE. A mag 14.2 star is just off the
southwest edge. Located just off
the line connecting mag 9.0 star (
UGC 3396, situated 26' WSW, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20"-24" diameter, gradually increases to a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 9.7 star is 2.8' N.
William Denning discovered IC 440 on 16 Nov 1890 while comet
hunting in Camelopardus with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. He noted "vF, S" and his
position matches
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06 02 42.6 -12 29 57; Lep
Size 1.4'x1.1'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; very faint, moderately
large, ill-defined glow, ~45", difficult to estimate size as fades into
background. A dim mag 15 star is at the W edge and a mag 11 star is 2' NW. Located 11' E of mag 8.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 441 = J. 2-615 on 11 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
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06 36 11.9 +82 58 06; Cam
V = 12.9; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.9
24" (1/25/22): at 228x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~3:2, ~45"x30" [N-S], brighter along the major axis, probably because of the unresolved double nuclei. Situated in a pretty rich star field. The seeing was too soft to use high power to resolve the nuclei at only 8" separation.
24" (2/7/16): IC 442 was picked up at 228x (10mm ZAO)
as a fairly faint, fairly small round glow, ~18" diameter. Adding a 2x Powermate (452x), two
extremely close nuclei [separated by 8"] were resolved within the halo! The nucleus in the south-southwest part
of the halo (
William Denning discovered IC 442 on 9 Nov 1890 while comet seeking in Camelopardus with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. He noted "F, S, R, mbM"
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06 16 54 +22 47; Gem
Size 50'
18" (2/23/06): easily visible at 73x and OIII filter. The brightest portion is a 5' elongated strip that very gently curves WNW-ESE. Faint haze extends out from this strip towards the south and west. An extremely faint extension of the strip continues to the SE and curves towards an obtuse triangle of three stars, increasing the length of the edge of the shell to over 10'.
17.5" (1/16/02): at 64x and OIII filter, the most
prominent section of this supernova remnant is a gently curving band of
nebulosity oriented NW-SE, ~10'x3' with a well-defined edge along the eastern
(bowed-out) boundary. A larger region of low surface brightness haze, ~20' in
size, spreads out to the west of the northern end. At the SE end, the band dims and seems to hook to the SW
towards a small arrowhead of stars.
Located ~2.5 degrees SE of
17.5" (2/13/88 and 1/20/90): at 82x with OIII filter this supernova remnant appears moderately bright, large, elongated 5:2 NW-SE. Appears a bit larger and brighter at the NW end. Much fainter nebulosity is close south off the west end and a couple of mag 10 stars are superimposed. Surprisingly easy to view with an OIII filter.
13.1" (1/18/85): at 62x with filter, appears as a very faint elongated strip of nebulosity, perhaps 10' in length. Not visible without a filter.
Max Wolf discovered IC 443, along with
E.E. Barnard independently discovered these two nebulae in 1894. He reported in "Astronomy and Astro-Physics", Vol 8, No. 3, "On this same plate [taken on 1 Feb 1894 with a 2h 10m exposure] is a faint narrow curved nebulosity [IC 443] in about, 1860.0, 6h 8m + 23° 0'. It is nearly 1/2° long, extending north and south and convex to the east."
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IC 444 = LBN 840 = vdB 75 = Ced 74
06 19 22.5 +23 16 28; Gem
Size 8'x4'
17.5" (2/11/96): fairly easy, round reflection nebula
surrounding mag 7.0
13.1" (1/11/86): at 79x (unfiltered), diffuse, hazy nebulosity surrounding a 7th mag star, moderately large.
Max Wolf discovered IC 444, along with IC 443, on 25 Sep 1892 with a 2 1/4" lens. In AN 3130 (1892), he recorded finding "[Two] Very large and bright nebulous masses are visible there [near Mu and Eta Geminorum], which very roughly have their centers at approximately 6h 14m +24° [IC 444] and 6h 08m +22° [IC 443]."
E.E. Barnard independently discovered these two nebulae on a plate two years later. Barnard reported in "Astronomy and Astro-Physics", Vol 8, No. 3, "On another photograph taken Feb. 1, 1894, with 2h 10m exposure, the 9m.5 star Dm +23°1313 is found to be closely nebulous, a very small dense nebulosity gives it a fuzzy appearance. The nebulosity is heaviest south and following." Harold Corwin notes that Barnard misidentified the star -- it should be BD +23°1301 = 12 Geminorum. Secondly, his reported postion gave the equinox as 1885.0, but it should be 1855.0 for the BD star, so his position -- which was used in the IC -- is poor. Corwin also comments that although 12 Gem is often given for the position of IC 444, the reflection nebula is part of a much larger emission nebulosity (Sh 2-249) centered about 25' ESE. Wolf claimed to record "very large and bright nebulous masses", so perhaps his image included Sh 2-249.
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06 37 21.3 +67 51 36; Cam
V = 13.4; Size 0.85'x0.7'; PA = 19°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 24" diameter, weak concentration. Situated 3.8' SSE of mag 9.1
Lewis Swift discovered IC 445 = Sw. 8-42 on 6 Sep 1888 and
recorded "eF, S, R, B * sf."
His position is off the northeast side of
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06 31 07 +10 27 18; Mon
Size 5'x4'
17.5" (1/23/93): fairly faint reflection nebula surrounds a mag 10-11 star. This bi-polar nebula is fairly large, about 2.5' diameter. Appears to extend further (or is brighter) on the south side. Bordered by three collinear mag 13 stars on the south side.
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 446 = IC 2167, along
with
He found it again photographically on 24 Jan 1894 with the 6" Willard lens and reported on it in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Cluster Connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol XIII, No 3). Barnard mentioned that he first found it visually around 1888 "while sweeping over this region" as a "10 mag nebulous star about half a degree north preceding 2245." Apparently Barnard directly sent his original visual discovery to Dreyer, hence the two IC designations (visual and photographic), IC 446 = IC 2167. This object is a bi-polar reflection nebula. Listed in article on bi-polar nebulae by Ronald Stoyan in Deep Sky Observer #12.
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06 31 12 +09 54; Mon
Size 25'x20'
24" (1/31/14): picked up unfiltered at 200x, though low
contrast as the entire field is patchy in faint stars and affected by some
dust. Seems roughly 20'x10,
elongated N-S and includes several bright stars (
18" (2/4/08): at 175x unfiltered, this is a huge,
interesting reflection nebula, ~25'x18', elongated N-S with an irregular
outline and subtle variations in brightness. A number of mag 8-10 stars are superimposed, including mag 8
HD 46005 (illuminating star) which is part of a 10' N-S string of four brighter
stars on the east side. Nearby reflection nebulae include
IC 2169 is located two degrees due west of the Christmas Tree cluster and the whole region of bright and dark nebulosity is part of the same molecular cloud complex Mon OB1.
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 447 = IC 2169, along with IC 446 = IC 2167, on 11 Oct 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "1 radius of 80x field [21'] south and 1 radius [21'] preceding the 7 1/2' m star [NGC 2245] is a large nebulosity, faint, that involves several 9 or 9 1/2 mag star. Nearly 1/2° in size, irregular(?)". His offset lands in the southern part of the nebula, though clearly he was referring the entire portion. He picked it up again on 26 Feb 1889 and logged "22' S and 22' p. the neb NGC 2245 is a vL neby, with some bright stars in it. It is extended N & S nearly, 15 x 12' +/- diam. There are 3 or 4 9th and 10th mag stars in a curve seemingly connected with it."
Barnard found this reflection nebula again photographically on 24 Jan 1894 with the Willard 6" lens though and announced it in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Cluster Connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol XIII, No 3). Barnard stated he first found it visually around 1888 "while sweep over this region, I found a very large, weak, diffused nebulosity some half a degree south of the nebula NGC 2245. This was mixed up with several considerable stars." His earlier visual discovery was not published but apparently he sent it later to Dreyer, so it was catalogued again as IC 2169.
Barnard retracted his discovery of IC 447 in Lick Publications, Vol 11, incorrectly claiming it to be identical to NGC 2245. Hubble included this object in his 1922 paper "A general study of diffuse galactic nebula" in Contributions from the Mount Wilson Observatory / Carnegie Institution of Washington, vol. 241, pp.1-38.
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06 45 41.1 +71 20 38; Cam
V = 12.5; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 70°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; moderately bright and large,
slightly elongated E-W, ~45"x35". Contains a relatively large brighter core. Situated 4.1' WSW of mag 8.4
Lewis Swift discovered IC 449 = Sw. 8-43 on 6 Sep 1888 and recorded "pF, S, R, bM, bet 2 D st." His position matches IC 449, so there's little doubt about the identification, though I'm surprised he didn't mention the nearby 8.5-magnitude star.
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06 52 12.3 +74 25 37; Cam
V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 129°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"
diameter, sharp stellar nucleus.
Forms a pair with
William Denning discovered IC 450, along with IC 451, around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer as it was not published. The IC positions for both galaxies are 6'-7' too far southeast. Corrected positions were published in the 1937 paper "A study of faint northern galaxies" by Seyfert and Shapley (1937AnHar.105..219S). This is a very faint pair to be discovered in a 10-inch scope, testifying to Denning's keen eyesight.
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IC 451 = UGC 3550 = MCG +12-07-019 = PGC 19775
06 52 52.0 +74 28 51; Cam
V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 144°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 24" diameter, even surface brightness. Forms a pair with IC 450 4.2' SW. Located 20' E of
William Denning discovered IC 451, along with IC 450, around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer as it was not published. The IC positions for both galaxies are 6'-7' too far southeast. Corrected positions were published in the 1937 paper "A study of faint northern galaxies" by Seyfert and Shapley (1937AnHar.105..219S).
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06 48 39.1 -16 54 06; CMa
Size 1.9'x1.4'; PA = 145°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 452 = Big. 147, along with IC
453 = Big. 148 on 9 Mar 1890 while searching for NGC 2296. Swift's discovery position for NGC 2296
was 0.7 minutes of RA too large, so Bigourdan assumed Big. 147 (later IC 452)
was new. Herbert Howe later
measured an accurate RA for NGC 2296 in 1898 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes) so,
NGC 2296 = IC 452. Bigourdan's
position for Big. 148 (
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06 51 06.3 +12 55 19; Gem
V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 140°
24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.3'. A star (mag 13.5-14?) is superimposed near the northwest end. Contains a slightly brighter nucleus, which is close southeast of the star. There may be one or two additional mag 15.5-16 star near the periphery. Since the galaxy appears to extend from the brighter star it has a comet-like appearance. Situated in a rich Milky Way star field.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 454 = Sw. 9-16 on 23 Jan 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "a faint nebula, elongated with 13 mag star attached to end N.p." His rough RA (in his notebook) is about 24 seconds too large, but his small field sketch matches. The discovery was probably not communicated to Dreyer as Barnard wasn't credited in the IC.
Lewis Swift independently found this galaxy on 27 Dec 1889 and simply noted "eeF; S; e diff." Swift's RA is 9 seconds too large and he received credit in the IC. Howe measured an accurate position in 1898 and noted, "One or two stars are involved in this nebula."
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07 34 57.7 +85 32 14; Cep
V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 82°
18" (8/2/11): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, ~30"x25", fairly sharply concentrated with a small bright
core that increases to a stellar nucleus.
Located 11' SSE of
18" (3/13/04): fairly faint, small, round, 25"
diameter, weak concentration to a slightly brighter core. With direct vision, a sharp stellar
nucleus was intermittently visible.
Located 16' ESE of
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 455 on 20 Sep 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. While comet hunting in the north, Barnard found NGC 2276, 2300 and IC 455. He was confused on his pointing direction this far north, but made a field sketch including nearby stars and labeled the nebulae A (NGC 2276), B (NGC 2300) and C (IC 455, outside the 150x field). He noted "C is 10' S and 3' foll B. A is 2' diameter, faint, very gradually little brighter middle." The sketch clearly identifies the three galaxies. William Denning independently discovered IC 455 less than a month later on 17 Oct 1890 with his 10-inch reflector. Denning is credited with the discovery in the IC as Barnard never published his discovery or notified Dreyer.
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07 00 17.5 -30 09 50; CMa
V = 12.0; Size 2.1'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 110°
17.5" (3/20/93): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
gradually increases to a small bright core. Located just 1' SW of mag 9
Lewis Swift discovered IC 456 = Sw. 10-16 on 19 Dec 1890 and recorded "vF; pS; R; B * close nf; B * with pB dist comp np."
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07 09 28.4 +50 09 08; Lyn
V = 14.7; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.2
24" (2/15/18): at 375x fairly faint, small, nearly
round, 20" diameter, even surface brightness. Located 2' SSW of
17.5" (1/20/90): extremely faint and small, round. A mag 15 star is 1' NE. Located 2' SW of NGC 2332.
Hermann Kobold found IC 457 on 4 May 1893, along with 8
galaxies besides NGC 2332 and 2340, with the 18-inch refractor at
Strasbourg. His position matches
******************************
07 10 34.3 +50 07 06; Lyn
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 175°
24" (2/15/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 N-S, ~30"x20", small brighter core but no distinct nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is just off the south edge [0.6' from center].
18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S,
0.6'x0.4', weak concentration to center.
A mag 12.5 star is just off the south edge 0.6' from center. In a small group with
17.5" (1/20/90): very faint, very small, elongated 5:2 N-S, small bright core. A mag 13 star is off the south end 36" from center. In a field of four galaxies with NGC 2340 7' ENE, IC 464 5.0' ENE and IC 465 12' NE.
George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered
IC 458 = Sw. 8-44, along with
******************************
IC 459 = CGCG 234-082 = PGC 20311
07 10 38.7 +50 10 38; Lyn
Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (2/15/18): at 375x: very faint, small, slightly
elongated, 20"x15", low surface brightness, can hold steadily once
identified. Located 5' W of NGC
2340 and 3.4' NW of mag 10
18" (12/18/06): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness, no concentration. Located 5' due west of NGC 2340 in the core of the cluster and 3.6' N of IC 458.
George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 459, along with IC 458, 461, 464 on 31 Jan 1851. Hermann Kobold discovered it independently at Strasbourg on 2 Dec 1893 (both Rosse and Kobold are credited in the IC).
******************************
IC 460 = MCG +08-13-089 = CGCG 234-084 = WBL 133-007 = PGC 20318
07 10 44.3 +50 12 09; Lyn
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'
24" (2/15/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, brighter center. A mag 13.2 is at the southwest edge [18" from center] and a second mag 13 star is 0.8' NW. IC 460 is located 4.6' WNW of NGC 2340 in the core of the cluster. IC 459 lies 1.8' SSW.
18" (12/18/06): extremely faint galaxy in the core of the NGC 2340 group. Just visible with averted vision and concentration as a 10" knot just off the northeast side of a mag 13 star [only 18" separation]. This star forms a pair with another mag 13 star 44" NW. Located 4.5' WNW of NGC 2340 and 1.8' NNE of IC 459.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 460 on 2 Dec 1893 with the 18" refractor at Strasbourg Observatory. This galaxy was missed at Birr Castle when the cluster was observed in January 1851.
******************************
IC 461 = MCG +08-13-088 = CGCG 234-083 = WBL 133-006 = PGC 20319
07 10 45.0 +50 04 53; Lyn
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 35°
24" (2/15/18): at 375x; faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE, 0.4'x0.3', low even surface brightness. A string of three mag 12-13 stars oriented SW-NE follows closely. A mag 15.5 star is at the southeast edge of the galaxy. Located 7' SW of NGC 2340 and 2.8' SE of IC 458.
18" (12/18/06): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.3'x0.2'. This small galaxy is just preceding a 1.5' string of 3 mag 12-13 stars angling from SW to NE and 2.8' SE of IC 458 in the NGC 2340 group (second faintest of 7 in the field at 280x).
George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 461 = Sw. 8-45, along with IC 458, 459, 464 on 31 Jan 1851. Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 14 Sep 1888 and by Hermann Kobold on 8 Dec 1893. All 3 are credited in the IC as Kobold's position was used. The MCG failed to label its +08-13-088 as IC 461.
******************************
07 11 00.9 +50 07 04; Lyn
Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 85°
24" (2/13/18): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Can barely hold continuously with averted vision. Located in a group, 1.3' SSW of IC 464 and 3.8' SSW of NGC 2340 (in a line).
George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 463, along with IC 458, 459, 461, 464 on 31 Jan 1851. He labeled it Iota on the diagram of the field. Hermann Kobold discovered it again independently at Strasbourg on 2 Dec 1893 (both Rosse and Kobold are credited in the IC). This galaxy is not in the PGC and hasn't been assigned a LEDA designation.
******************************
IC 464 = CGCG 234-087 = MCG +08-13-092 = WBL 133-009 = PGC 20332
07 11 04.8 +50 08 13; Lyn
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 60°
24" (2/13/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 SW-NE, 50"x25", bright core. Located 2.4' SSW of NGC 2340 in a rich galaxy group. IC 463 is 1.3' SSW.
18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2
SW-NE, 0.6'x0.35', even concentration but with no defined core of nucleus. Located 2.5' SSW of NGC 2340 in a rich
group of galaxies with
17.5" (1/20/90): faint, small, oval SW-NE. Located 2.5' SSW of NGC 2340 in a group with IC 458 5.0' WSW and IC 465 8.1' NE.
George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 464 = Sw. 8-45, along with IC 458, 459, 461 on 31 Jan 1851. Lewis Swift probably found this galaxy again on 14 Sep 1888. Kobold measured an accurate position on 18 Jan 1893.
******************************
IC 465 = NGC 2334 = MCG +08-13-098 = CGCG 234-095 = WBL 133-012 = PGC 20357
07 11 33.6 +50 14 53; Lyn
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 70°
24" (2/15/18): at 375x; moderately bright, moderately large, round, strong concentration with a high surface brightness core that increases to a very small brighter nucleus. Located 5.8' NE of NGC 2340 in a fairly rich group.
18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', gradually increases to a very small, brighter core. Furthest NE in a group of 7 galaxies in the field and 5.8' NE of the brightest member, NGC 2340.
17.5" (1/20/90): faint, small, round, bright core. Last of four galaxies in a 20' field and located 5.8' NE of NGC 2340.
Hermann Kobold found IC 465 on 4 May 1893, along with 8
galaxies besides NGC 2332 and 2340, with the 18-inch refractor at
Strasbourg. His position matches
******************************
07 08 36 -04 19; Mon
Size 1'x1'
17.5" (2/28/87): mag 12.5 star in an easy, very small, round nebulosity. Located 1.5' SSW of a mag 10.5 star. A wide pair of mag 10 stars lie 7' SW. Enhanced with a UHC filter at 220x.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 466 = J 2-616 on 18 Feb 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
07 30 17.3 +79 52 21; Cam
V = 12.6; Size 3.2'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 80°
17.5" (2/22/87): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
~E-W, weak concentration. A faint
mag 15 star is near the SW end.
Located 20' SSE of
William Denning discovered IC 467 on 7 Nov 1890 with his 10-inch reflector while comet hunting and recorded "vF, pS, 22' ssf of NGC 2336." Although his position is poor, the identification is certain based on the description.
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07 55 59.1 +85 09 32; Cep
V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 90°
18" (8/1/11): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated
5:2 E-W, ~2.0'x0.8', broad concentration, brighter core increases to a slightly
brighter nucleus. This galaxy, NGC
2300 and
17.5" (3/20/93): fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated 2:1 E-W, 2.0'x1.0', large brighter middle, broad concentration but no
nucleus. Surrounded by three mag
8.5-9.5 stars. Mag 8.5
William Denning discovered IC 469 on 14 Sep 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector while sweeping for comets. It was found in the field of NGC 2300 "and about 40' SE of it." He noted the "object lies central within a very curious semicircle of small stars. It is faint, pretty large, extended, and a little brighter in the middle hunting and recorded "F, S, E, 46' sf of NGC 2336."
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07 43 36.4 +49 40 03; Lyn
V = 13.3; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (2/7/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 20" diameter, well concentrated with a small bright nucleus. Forms a pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 471 = Sw. 9-17, along with IC 472, on 20 Apr 1890. He recorded "eF; pS; R; np of 2 [with IC 472]." His RA is 15 seconds too small, a similar offset as IC 472.
******************************
IC 472 = UGC 3985 = MCG +08-14-036 = CGCG 235-034 = PGC 21665
07 43 50.3 +49 36 51; Lyn
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 167°
24" (2/7/16): at 260x; fairly faint to moderately bright, slightly elongated ~N-S, 30"x24", well concentrated with a roundish bright core. Forms a pair with IC 471 3.9' NW. Double star Es 1082 = 10.1/11.1 at 5.6" lies 4.7' SE and is collinear with the two galaxies.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 472 = Sw. 9-18, along with IC 472, on 20 Apr 1890. He recorded "eeF; pS; R; sf of 2 [with IC 471]. D * nr sf nearly points to both." His position is 3' too far northwest, a similar offset as IC 471, and the double star is Es 1082.
******************************
07 46 07.3 +26 30 18; Gem
V = 13.9; Size 1.25'x0.4'; PA = 113°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, very
elongated 5:2 or 3:1 WNW-ESE, ~45"x15", contains a very small
brighter core/nucleus. A mag 9
star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 474 = J. 1-136 on 30 Jan 1892. His position was 1.6' too far south, perhaps due to a positional error in the offset star.
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07 47 09.2 +30 29 20; Gem
V = 14.0; Size 0.85'x0.5'; PA = 137°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE. Increasing to 375x, clearly elongated 3:2 or 2:1, 0.5'x0.3'. On occasion there seemed to be an elongated cemtral brightening or bar. With averted the halo becomes more evident. A mag 13 star is 1' SW. A mag 10.5 star is 6' W, along with a group of 5 mag 12.5-14.5 stars.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 475 = J. 1-137 on 17 Feb 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
07 47 16.3 +26 57 03; Gem
V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 102°
24" (2/16/15): at 300x appeared very faint, small, slightly elongated, 15"x12". Appeared brighter in better conditions than two nights ago from Lake Sonoma.
24" (2/14/15): at 300x and 375x; extremely faint, very
small, round, 15" diameter.
Required averted vision and could not hold steadily. Located just 1.5' NW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 476 = J. I-138 on 30 Jan 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is accurate.
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07 52 06.9 +23 28 59; Gem
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.9'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; a step brighter than faint,
round, 30" diameter, gradually increases to a slightly brighter core and
occasional stellar nucleus. Mag
8.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 477 = J. 1-139 on 17 Feb
1892. His position is
accurate. SIMBAD misidentifies
******************************
07 53 41.6 +26 29 34; Gem
V = 14.7; Size 0.65'x0.45'; PA = 12°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; faint to fairly faint, small,
round, 15" to 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star lies 2' W and a similar
star is 1.6' NW. IC 478 is located
4.5' SSW of mag 7.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 478 = J. 1-140 on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30" Nice refractor. He reported "very faint, very small, diffuse and without central condensation" and an accurate position.
******************************
07 54 22.2 +27 00 32; Gem
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~22"x18", weak concentration with no zones. Forms an equilateral triangle with mag 13.5 star 1.4' NW and a mag 14.1 star (unequal double) 1.3' W. Located 18.5' NE of mag 5.0 Phi Gem.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 479 = J. 1-141, along with IC 478, on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30" Nice refractor. He reported "pretty faint, round, 20" diameter."
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07 55 23.2 +26 44 36; Gem
V = 14.2; Size 1.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 168°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 6:1 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.15', slightly brighter core. Bulges very slightly but no nucleus seen. Situated in a busy star field with a mag 15.5 star 1.2' S (collinear with the major axis). A mag 10.9 star lies 2.5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 480 = J. 1-142 on 18 Mar 1892 with the 30" Nice refractor. He reported "very faint, very pale, fairly large, elongated N-S."
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07 59 02.9 +24 09 38; Gem
V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 3°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, thin slash 4:1 or 5:1
N-S, ~45"x10", low even surface brightness, no core or brightness
zones. A mag 12.7 star is 1.4' SW. Located 4' S of a mag 9.8 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 481 = J. 1-143 on 2 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
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07 59 47.3 +25 21 25; Gem
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 151°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; a step brighter than "faint", slightly elongated core region, the halo was generally round, but with averted seemed elongated 3:2 ~NNW-SSE, 25"x18". A 24" pair of mag 13 stars is 2.5' NE and a 30" pair of mag 14 stars is 0.5' W. Located 16' WSW of mag 5.9 Omega (2) Cnc.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 482 = J. 1-144 on 2 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
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08 00 01.1 +26 39 57; Gem
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 49°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, low even surface brightness, ~0.3'x0.2'. But with averted vision, the halo occasionally extended to 0.5'x0.2' SW-NE.
24" (2/7/15): faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE,
~18"x12". A mag 15.5
star is 0.8' SW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 484 = Spitaler 11, along with IC 485 and IC 486, on 6 Mar 1891 with the 27" refractor at Vienna. Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 30 Jan 1892. Both measured accurate micrometric positions.
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IC 485 = UGC 4156 = CGCG 148-088 = WBL 165-006 = PGC 22443
08 00 19.8 +26 42 05; Gem
V = 14.5; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 153°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, fairly small, initially I just noticed the elongated central region ~20"x10", but much fainter outer extension unexpectedly flashed with averted vision. These increased the size to ~0.8'x0.2'.
24" (2/7/15): at 260x; very faint, small, slightly elongated, 15"x10". Faintest in a trio forming an equilateral triangle with IC 484 4.7' SW and IC 486 5.3' S.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 485 = Spitaler 12a, along with IC 484 and IC 486, on 6 Mar 1891 with the 27" refractor at Vienna. He noted it made an equilateral triangle with IC 484 and 486 though didn't measure a position. Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 30 Jan 1892 and measured an accurate position.
******************************
IC 486 = UGC 4155 = MCG +04-19-018 = CGCG 148-087 = WBL 165-005 = PGC 22445
08 00 21.0 +26 36 49; Gem
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 139°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; relatively bright due to fairly good surface brightness, slightly elongated, 0.6' diameter, very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 13 star is 1.5' SE. Brightest of IC 484, 485, 486, the trio fits within a 7' circle.
24" (2/7/15): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 18"x12", small brighter core. Brightest in a trio with IC 484 5.5' NW and IC 485 5.3' N. The trio, along with a few CGCG galaxies, from the small group WBL 165, and lies at a distance of ~380 million l.y.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 486 = Spitaler 12, along with IC 484 and IC 485, on 6 Mar 1891 with the 27" refractor at Vienna. Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 2 Mar 1892 and measured an accurate position.
******************************
07 59 07.0 -00 38 17; Mon
V = 13.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 95°
17.5" (1/23/88): moderately bright, oval ~E-W, fairly small, bright core. A nice triple star lies 4' ESE; the closer components are mag 11/12 with separation 19".
Lewis Swift found IC 487 = Sw. 7-10 on 11 May 1890 and
reported "eeF; vS; R".
His position is 2' SE of
******************************
08 03 20.1 +25 48 41; Cnc
V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 95°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, roundish (probably slightly elongated), ~20" diameter. A dim mag 15.7 star is just off the NE edge. A mag 9.4 star is 5' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 490 = J. 1-148 on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is accurate.
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08 03 55.0 +26 31 14; Cnc
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 114°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x and 520x; very faint to faint, small, round, 12" - 15" diameter, quasi-stellar or stellar nucleus. Situated within a N-S string of mag 9 to 10.5 stars including a mag 10.2 star 1.5' NW.
IC 491 forms a very close pair (non-physical) with LEDA 1779405 0.5' NW. This 16th magnitude galaxy appeared extremely faint and small, 6" diameter, and only occasionally popped. The nearby bright star made the detection difficult.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 491 = J. 1-149 on 18 Mar 1892 and reported "very faint, very small, round, around 10" diameter."
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08 05 38.7 +26 10 05; Cnc
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.9'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, roughly oval 3:2, 0.6'x0.4', but changes shape with averted vision (like
a face-on spiral) as the low surface brightness halo is glimpsed; irregular
surface brightness. Mag 8.1
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~30"x20", slightly brighter core. A mag 14.5 star is close off the southeast edge, 30" from center. Situated just 3.4' NNE of mag 8 HD 66662.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 492 = Spitaler 15 = J. 1-150 on 5 Feb 1891 with a 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery occurred while searching the Winnecke's Comet. He reported "13m; R; very gradually brighter middle; *13.5m 1/4' sf [south-following]." He measured an accurate micrometric position with respect to HD 66662.
Rudolph Spitaler found it again 4 nights later with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna (presumably while also searching for the comet). He called it a fairly bright comet-like nebula northeast of BD +26°1713. Finally, Stephane Javelle found it a third time on 2 Mar 1892 (along with several others) with the 30-inch refractor at Nice, France. All three are credited in the NGC.
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08 07 27.6 +25 08 03; Cnc
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 17°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, contains a brighter core and a faint halo elongated 3:2 ~N-S,
~0.6'x0.4'. A mag 14.6 star is 1'
S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 493 = J. 2-151 on 2 Mar 1892 and reported "pB, elongated in the meridian [N-S]." His position is 2.4' SSW of CGCG 118-064 = PGC 22795, although this appears to have been caused by an erroneous position for his offset star (PPM 98392).
Javelle rediscovered this galaxy on 14 Dec 1906 and described J. 4-1540 as "faint, elongated along the meridian, approximately 60" x 15", gradually condensed." His position is at the NE edge of the galaxy. The 4th catalog, which included his last 330 objects, wasn't published.
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08 06 24.1 +01 02 10; CMi
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 49°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30", brighter core (fairly well defined)
that gradually increases to a faint stellar nucleus. Located 9' SSE of mag 7.3
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 494 = Big. 150 on 12 Dec 1888.
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08 08 19.4 +09 00 50; Cnc
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.55'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated E-W, diffuse, low nearly even surface brightness, 25" diameter. Two mag 9.8 stars are 5' WNW and 6' SW. A mag 12 star is 1.5' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 495 = J. 2-617 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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08 09 44.2 +25 52 54; Cnc
V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.3'; PA = 30°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; IC 496 was resolved into a
close pair (physical), separated by just 19" E-W. The brighter western component (LEDA
93095) appeared faint, very small, round, 10"-12" diameter. The
fainter eastern galaxy (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 496 = J. 1-152 on 2 Mar 1892
and reported "faint, small, round, little brighter in the
middle." He found it again on
11 Feb 1896 and reported J. 3-1025 (later
NED identifies the western galaxy as IC 496, while HyperLeda
identifies the eastern galaxy as IC 496.
Probably the number should apply to the pair (
******************************
IC 497 = MCG +04-20-001 = CGCG 118-067 = CGCG 119-002 = KTG 20A = PGC 22918
08 10 06.1 +24 55 19; Cnc
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 177°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 N-S, ~0.5'x0.2', small elongated core. An easy 12" pair of mag 12.5-13 stars is 1' N and a 14th mag star just 30" NW of center.
24" (3/22/14): at 375x appeared faint to fairly faint,
fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.4'x0.2', weak concentration. A 12" double
(mag 12.5-13 stars) lies 1' N and a mag 14 star is just off the NNW side
[27" from center]. Brightest
in the
24" (1/25/14): at 375x appeared fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 24"x12", bright core. A 12" pair of mag 12.5-13 stars
lies 1' N and a mag 14 star is 27" NW of center. This galaxy is the brightest member of the KTG 20 triplet
with UGC 4257 2' SSE and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 497 = J. 1-153 on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
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08 09 30.3 +05 16 51; CMi
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x1.0'; PA = 60°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, broad weak concentration but no core/nucleus. A distinctive group of stars is to the south including E-W and N-S strings. The N-S string is roughly collinear with the galaxy. A mag 13.5/14 double at 10" separation is 2' SW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 498 on 11 Nov 1888 with the 27" Grubb refractor at the Vienna University. His position is accurate.
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08 45 16.9 +85 44 24; Cam
V = 12.5; Size 2.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 80°
18" (8/1/11): moderately bright, moderately large,
slightly elongated ~E-W, ~50"x35". Very low surface brightness outer halo with a fairly bright
central region that is sharply concentrated to a very small bright
nucleus. A mag 14 star is
superimposed on the SW side and a brighter mag 12 star is off the NE side, 1.2'
from center. Located 5.7' SW of
mag 8.5
William Denning discovered IC 499 on 8 Sep 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector while sweeping for comets. He noted it was in the same field as IC 512 and called it "pretty faint, small and much brighter in the middle. There is a telescopic star just on its N. side, and an exceedingly faint star is involved with the nebula, which lies in an irregular widely scattered group. It bears magnifying well, and is relatively much brighter than [IC 512]."
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08 12 39.6 -16 03 03; Pup
Size 1.1'x0.5'; PA = 54°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", pretty good surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is just off the NE end. Pretty rich star field.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 500 = J. 2-618 on 11 Feb 1893. His description reads "vF, diffuse, very faint * attached". His position is accurate and the star is at the NE edge.
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08 18 47.6 +24 32 15; Cnc
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.45'; PA = 125°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; very faint, very small, round,
0.3' diameter. Two mag 14.3 stars
are 1.3' SW and 1.9' N, with the galaxy just east of the line connecting the
stars.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 501 = J. 1-154 on 18 Mar 1892. He described it as "faint, roughly round, with a small central condensation." Harold Corwin notes that Max Wolf found it again on a Heidelberg Observatory plate taken in 1901 and included it in his first "Nebel-liste" (#42) that included 154 new objects in Lynx and Cancer. Dreyer caught the equivalence and assigned only one IC designation.
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08 22 03.6 +08 45 09; Cnc
V = 14.5; Size 0.55'x0.5'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus at 375x. A 9" pair of 14th mag star is 2' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 502 = J. 2-619 on 12 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
08 22 10.7 +03 16 05; Hya
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 112°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated nearly
2:1 NW-SE, ~0.7'x0.4', brighter core region, fainter extensions. A mag 12 star
is 1.5' S.
Carl Frederick Pechüle discovered IC 503 in 1888 with the 11-inch Merz refractor at the Copenhagen Observatory. It was found while searching for Comet Fay 1888 III. His position was 1.7' too far south, but the identification seems certain as there are no other candidates.
******************************
08 22 41.2 +04 15 45; Hya
V = 12.9; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 139°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; nearly moderately bright, fairly
small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0.4'. Contains a relatively large bright core with a fairly thin
halo. A mag 11.0 star is 1' SE,
the first in an equally spaced looping chain of 4 stars that leads directly to
IC 504 is the brightest of a group of 7 galaxies (WBL 179)
including
CGCG 032-012, 4.7' ENE, appeared fairly faint, very small, round, 15"-18" diameter. A mag 11.9 star is 40" SW, the first in a chain extending to IC 504.
CGCG 032-009, 4.0' N, appeared as a faint soft glow, 18", fairly smooth surface brightness.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 504 = Sw. 7-11, along with IC 505 and 506, on 8 Mar 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; R; nr. p end of 4 st. in an arc of a circle. 1st of 3." His RA is ~10 seconds too small, but the identification is certain as the description is a perfect match.
******************************
IC 505 = UGC 4382 = MCG +01-22-008 = CGCG 032-015 = WBL 179-006 = PGC 23528
08 23 21.7 +04 22 21; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x1.0'; PA = 144°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, small bright core. The halo extends further on the southeast end, so the core appears offset from center. Located on the northeast side of the IC 504 group = WBL 179, with IC 506 5' SSE and CGCG 032-013 6' W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 505 = Sw. 7-12, along with IC 504 and 506, on 8 Mar 1888 and recorded "eF; S; R; little brighter in the middle. 2nd of 3." His RA is 9 seconds too small (similar offset as IC 504), but the identification is certain.
******************************
IC 506 = MCG +01-22-009 = CGCG 032-016 = WBL 179-007 = PGC 23536
08 23 30.7 +04 17 58; Hya
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 171°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, quasi-stellar nucleus. Member of the IC 504 group (WBL 179) with IC 505 5' NNW and IC 504 12' WSW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 506 = Sw. 7-13, along with IC 504 and 505, on 8 Mar 1888 and recorded "eeF; eS; R; ee diff.; 3rd of 3."
******************************
08 25 01.9 -00 35 31; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 2.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 77°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 507 = Sw. 8-47 on 3 Feb 1888 and recorded "eeF pS; vlE; bet 2 st; sev pB st nr; driving clock failed." His RA matches NGC 2590 (despite noted uncertain), but the declination is 9' too far north. Apparently he only picked up the central portion as the outer portions are clearly elongated. This galaxy was discovered by Stephan in 1878 and his position is accurate. Corwin notes that Dreyer made an error of 30 seconds in RA in precessing Swift's position to 1860 coordinates and Howe was unable to find IC 507 on 3 nights (MN, Nov. 1900) because of the poor NGC position.
******************************
08 28 22.3 +25 07 29; Cnc
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 E-W. Sometimes a bar was noticed running E-W through the center. The galaxy appeared more roundish and ~35" diameter at 375x. A string of 5 stars (3 of 9-10th mag) running N-S lies 10' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 508 = J. 1-155 on 18 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
08 32 03.5 +24 00 39; Cnc
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.7
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, relatively large, roundish, 1' diameter, diffuse glow with only a weak central brightening. A mag 14.7 star is at the NE edge, 30" from center. Situated 8.6' SE of 5.7-mag Upsilon1 (30) Cnc and 13' WSW of mag 6.3 Upsilon 2 (32) Cnc. A mag 8.5 star is 8' NNE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 509 = J. 1-156 on 18 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
08 32 10.9 -02 09 45; Hya
V = 14.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 137°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x; faint, small, slightly
elongated NW-SE, ~30"x25", low even surface brightness. A mag 14.8 star is 1' NE and a mag 15.2
star is 0.7' SE. Roughly 8' N is a
distinctive group of 5 stars - 4 in a parallelogram and one in the interior. IC
510 is located 28' W of mag 5.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 510 = J. 2-620 on 20 Mar 1893. His description reads "faint, very small, round, uniform brightness." The object on the western arm is a companion galaxy.
******************************
08 50 22.0 +73 27 46; Cam
V = 12.1; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.5
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 511 = Sw. 8-48 on 1 Sep 1888 and
reported "vF, S, cE, wide D * nr. sf; sp of 2 [with
******************************
IC 512 = UGC 4646 = MCG +14-05-002 = CGCG 363-049 = CGCG 364-008 = LGG 145-010 = PGC 25451
09 03 49.8 +85 30 06; Cam
V = 12.2; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 175°
18" (8/1/11): moderately bright, fairly large, slightly
elongated N-S, ~1.5'x1.2'.
Asymmetric appearance with an irregular surface brightness. Appears to have a brighter
"bar" though not centered in the glow. A faint pair of stars is off the south side and a 10' string
of stars oriented NNW to SSE is off the east side. Located 12' WSW of mag 7.9
17.5" (3/20/93): fairly faint, moderately large, round,
almost even surface brightness. A
10' string of stars just east is oriented roughly N-S with a mag 9 star at the
north end. Lies 12' W of mag 8.0
William Denning discovered IC 512 on 23 Aug 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector while sweeping for comets at 40x. When he determined it was missing from the NGC, he initially thought it was probably a comet, but reobserved it several times on the morning of the 24th without detecting any motion and concluded it was a new nebula. Using 145x, he reported it was "very distinct, round, and a little brighter in the middle. There is a triangle of rather bright telescopic stars on the east side of it."
******************************
08 33 05.1 -12 21 20; Hya
Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 39°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, small brighter core/nucleus, 35"-40" along major axis. A mag 11.7 star and two 13th mag stars are a couple of arc minutes north.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 513 = J. 1-157 on 20 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
08 35 22.3 -02 02 49; Hya
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 160°
24" (2/5/13): very faint, very small, round, 12"
diameter. A mag 16 star is
attached at the south edge.
Located 12' SSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 514 = J. 2-621, along with IC
517, on 20 Mar 1893 and recorded "vF, elongated in the meridian [N-S], no
central brightening." The
next night he discovered nearby
******************************
IC 515 = UGC 4488 = CGCG 004-068 = WBL 188-003 = PGC 24125
08 35 31.3 -01 54 04; Hya
V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 32°
24" (2/5/13): faint, very small, slightly elongated, 18"x14", soft even glow. Located 3.1' SSW of NGC 2616 in a group and 2.6' NE of a mag 11.4 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 515 = J. 2-622, along with IC 516, on 21 Mar 1893. He noted it was distinct from NGC 2616, which was also measured.
******************************
IC 516 = CGCG 004-075 = WBL 188-007 = PGC 24155
08 35 50.8 -01 52 16; Hya
V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 65°
24" (2/5/13): very faint, extremely small, slightly
elongated, 12"x8", stellar nucleus. Located 4.4' ESE of NGC 2616 in a group (WBL 188) and 5.2'
NE of IC 515.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 516 = J. 2-623, along with IC 515, on 21 Mar 1893. He noted it was distinct from NGC 2616, which was also measured.
******************************
08 36 22.1 -02 03 20; Hya
V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 29°
24" (2/5/13): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. A mag 12 star lies 1.7' SW and a mag 14.5 star is closer at 0.9' SW. Located 17' SE of NGC 2616 in the WBL 188 group (brightest member NGC 2616, along with 4 IC galaxies).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 517 = J. 2-624, along with IC 514, on 20 Mar 1893 and recorded "vF, S, irr figure, no central brightening." The next night he discovered nearby IC 515 and IC 516.
******************************
08 40 34.4 +02 36 41; Hya
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.6'; PA = .°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x; very faint, very small, round,
0.3' diameter. A mag 15 star is
0.7' W and a mag 14.5 star is 1.6' SW.
Located 14' W of mag 7.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 519 = J. 2-625 on 17 Mar 1893. His description reads "very faint, very small, round, difficult, close to a star of 14th magnitude." His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 520 = UGC 4630 = MCG +12-09-026 = PGC 24970
08 53 42.2 +73 29 27; Cam
V = 11.7; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 0°
17.5" (3/20/93): this is an unusually bright IC galaxy. It appeared moderately bright, slightly elongated 4:3 N-S with a prominent small bright core and a stellar nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is at the SE edge [46" from the center]. NGC 2646 lies 14' W.
13.1" (1/11/86): fairly faint, small, round. A faint star is near the south end.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 520 = Sw. 8-49 on 29 Aug 1888 and recorded "pB; pL; R; bM; nearly bet a nr and a distant *; nf of 2 [with IC 511]; another suspected." Swift's position is accurate. I'm surprised that the Herschels, d'Arrest and Tempel examined this area and missed this galaxy.
******************************
08 46 44.0 +02 32 15; Hya
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 80°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 25" diameter, weak broad concentration. Situated within a 7' group of stars, including four of mag 10.5-11.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 521 = J. 2-626 on 16 Mar 1893. He reported "star of 13th mag [core] surrounded by nebulosity. Nebulous character very certain." His position is accurate.
******************************
08 54 34.9 +57 10 00; UMa
V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 165°
24" (3/21/20): at 260x and 375x; moderately bright,
fairly small, slightly elongated 5:4 NNW-SSE, ~40"x32", strong
concentration with a relatively bright, round core and a diffuse outer
halo. At 375x the core increases
to a very small bright nucleus.
Mag 8.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 522 = Sw. 9-19 on 8 May 1890 and
reported "pF; pS; R; BM; pB * np; ?eeF D* involved." His position is accurate and the
"pretty bright star north-preceding" is mag 8.3
******************************
08 53 11.3 +09 08 53; Cnc
V = 13.1; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.7
17.5" (2/14/99): extremely faint, small, round,
25" diameter, low surface brightness, very weak concentration. The view was perhaps hindered by mag
8.4
At 100x using an OIII filter, Abell 31 appeared as a faint, huge, roundish glow encompassing a mag 10 star which is southeast of center. With averted vision it spanned ~8' in diameter with a very low but irregular surface brightness. The edge of the halo was not crisply defined. The bright star is part of a distinctive parallelogram with sides roughly 9'. The PN doesn't reach the mag 10 star 8' W although on photographs it extends this far.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 523 = J. 2-627 on 13 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is a little too far north as the offset star is slightly misplaced in declination.
******************************
08 58 12.8 -19 11 31; Hya
Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 19°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; between faint and
fairly faint, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.4', very small brighter core.
A mag 10.1 star is 2.3' NNW and a mag 8.4 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 524 = J. 2-628 on 18 Feb 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, nearly round. I suspect, at times, a small bright point in the center of the nebulosity." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 01 22.5 -01 51 14; Hya
V = 14.6; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 10°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x and 375x; faint, very elongated 3:1 N-S, very low even surface brightness, 0.9'x0.3'.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 525 = J. 2-629 on 20 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, little extended, peu étendue, elongated along the meridian [N-S], without condensation." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 02 40.8 +10 50 30; Cnc
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 45°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated ~5:3 NW-SE, small slightly brighter core, but fairly uniform surface brightness, 40" major axis. A mag 9.4 star is 6.5' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 526 = J. 2-630 on 19 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
09 09 41.9 +37 36 04; Lyn
V = 13.2; Size 1.7'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.0
17.5" (4/5/97): faint, fairly small, round, 1.2'
diameter, gradually increases to a slightly brighter core. On line with mag 12.5 and 10.5 stars to
the NW [2.3' and 5.2', respectively].
Located 13' E of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 527 = Sw. 9-20 on 19 April 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pL; R; ee dif; 2759 in field sf." His position is a good match with UGC 4810 although NGC 2759 lies to the west-northwest.
******************************
09 09 22.6 +15 47 46; Cnc
V = 14.1; Size 1.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 163°
48" (4/1/11): at 488x appeared bright, moderately
large, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.4', sharply concentrated with a small,
very bright core. Brightest of 5
close galaxies in
17.5" (4/5/97): faint, moderately large, elongated ~3:1
NNW-SSE, 1.4'x0.4'. Contains a
brighter core with faint tapering extensions. View hampered by a mag 9 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 528 = J. 2-631 on 12 Dec 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "pB, vS, R, mottled, Nucl =13m" and measured an accurate position.
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09 18 32.7 +73 45 37; Cam
V = 11.9; Size 3.6'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 145°
17.5" (4/5/97): moderately bright, fairly large irregular glow, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ill-defined halo up to ~2.8'x1.4', broad concentration to an ill-defined core. A mag 14 star is just north of the SE end [1.2' from center] and a second mag 13.5-14 star is close NE [1.9' from center]. With averted vision, the outer halo increases further south than the star off the SE flank.
William Denning discovered IC 529 around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector . The discovery was apparently communicated directly to Dreyer.
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09 15 17.0 +11 53 08; Cnc
V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x0.4'; PA = 87°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; relatively bright (for an IC), fairly large edge-on, ~4:1 E-W, ~1.0'x0.25, but with averted vision appears to extend up to 1.5' in length. Contains a bright, elongated core. A mag 9.8 star is 3.7' N and a mag 13.5 star is 3' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 530 = J. 1-158 on 22 Mar 1892.
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09 17 50.8 -00 16 43; Hya
V = 13.8; Size 1.7'x0.5'; PA = 60°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 1' major axis, low surface brightness, weak concentration with only a slightly brighter core. A mag 12.5 star is 1' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 531 = J. 2-632 on 9 Mar 1893.
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09 20 23 -03 59 31; Hya
Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 155°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, very small, slightly elongated ~NNW-SSE, 15"x10". A mag 15 star is 1' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 533 = J. 2-633 on 18 Feb
1893. He recorded "extremely
faint, small, poorly defined, whitish spot without condensation." HyperLEDA and SIMBAD identify this
galaxy as
******************************
09 21 15.5 +03 09 04; Hya
V = 14.7; Size 1.6'x0.25'; PA = 148°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, relatively large, very
thin streak ~8:1 NW-SE, ~1.5'x0.2', very low nearly even surface brightness,
slightly brighter middle. A mag 13.5 star is 1.5' N of center and a mag 13.8
star is 1.9' SE (aligned with major axis).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 534 = J. 2-634 on 17 Apr 1893. He described it as "very faint, small, diffuse. Appears as a whitish spot of uniform brightness." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 22 16.2 -01 02 25; Hya
V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.5'
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; very faint, very small, round,
20" diameter. A small
triangle of mag 14-15.5 stars is 2' SSW.
Mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 535 = J. 2-635 on 20 Mar 1893. He recorded it as "faint, round, very small, without condensation."
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09 24 40.1 +25 06 37; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 1.2'x0.2'; PA = 24°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint,
elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, extends with averted to ~50"x20". A mag 10.3 star is less than 5' NW.
Located 16' ESE of mag 6.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 536 = J. 1-159 on 28 Mar 1892. His description reads "faint, round, 30" diameter, with slight central condensation." His position is off the northeast end of the galaxy (error in offset star?).
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09 25 22.6 -12 23 30; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1
48" (5/9/21): at 375x; fairly bright, round, strong
concentration, very bright core that increases somewhat to the center, much
lower surface brightness halo ~45" diameter. A mag 13.1 star is off the south side, 0.7' from center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 537 = J. 1-160 on 19 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
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09 27 18.5 +23 01 12; Leo
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 80°
17.5" (4/13/91): faint, very small, round, stellar
nucleus. A mag 15 star is 40"
E of center and a mag 14 star is 2' NW.
Located 8' NW of mag 8.5
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 538 = Big. 154 on 21 Mar
1890. His position (from 4
observations) matches
******************************
09 29 08.2 -02 32 57; Hya
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.9'
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~25"x20", weak concentration with slightly brighter nucleus. Two small chains of mag 13 and fainter stars extend to the north and northwest. IC 539 is located 13' N of mag 4.9 Tau1 Hya. A mag 7 companion is 1.1' to its north and the pair (cataloged as HJ 1167) is collinear with the galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 539 = J. 2-636 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is good.
******************************
09 30 10.3 +07 54 10 ; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 171°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; fairly diffuse, very elongated ~3:1 N-S, ~45"x15", low nearly even surface brightness. A mag 10 star is 5' NNE. Located 30' SE of 5.7-mag 3 Leonis. NGC 2894 lies 15' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 540 = J. 2-637 on 10 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
09 31 06.2 -13 10 53; Hya
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 95°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 E-W, fairly even surface brightness, 30"x10". A half-dozen mag 13-13.5 stars are within 4'.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 542 = J. 1-161 on 22 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
09 35 53.4 +24 53 42; Leo
Size 0.8'x0.25'; PA = 24°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 30" length, low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 544 = J. 1-162, along with nearby IC 545, on 21 Mar 1892. His description reads "very faint, poorly defined, difficult."
******************************
IC 545 = MCG +04-23-013 = CGCG 122-027 = Ark 205 = PGC 27307
09 36 05.4 +24 56 56; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7
24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, very small, round, 15". A mag 14 star is close off the E edge, 0.4' from center. This galaxy is a patchy blue spiral. Forms a pair with IC 544 4.3' SW. Located 29' NW of mag 6.6 9 Leonis.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 545 = J. 1-163, along with nearby IC 544, on 21 Mar 1892. He recorded "faint, elongated following the diurnal movement [E-W]. Precedes a small star." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 34 50.2 -16 23 04; Hya
Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 100°
24" (2/13/18): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated
E-W, 25"x20" diameter. A
mag 13.7 star is attached on the north side. Located 5' WNW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 546 = J. 1-164 on 23 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
09 36 05.8 -12 26 13; Hya
V = 12.4; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 25°
17.5" (3/25/95): fairly faint, round, 1.2' diameter, almost even surface brightness, well-defined outer edge to halo. Two mag 11 stars are off the SE edge 1.6' and 2.1' from the center. Incorrectly listed as nonexistent in the RNGC.
Stephane Javelle found IC 547 = J. 1-165 on 20 Apr 1892 and
recorded "pB, small, round, 20" diameter, weak
concentration". His position
matches
******************************
09 38 19.3 +09 26 46; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 166°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; faint, very small, elongated 2:1
~N-S, ~15"x8". Situated
between two faint stars; a mag 15.5 star is 0.9' NE and a mag 15.7 star is 0.6'
SSW. IC 548 is the third in a trio
(line of sight) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 548 = J. 2-638 on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
09 40 43.2 +03 57 35; Hya
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 0°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, elongated
~5:3 N-S, ~25"x18", low surface brightness. A mag 14.8 star is 1' NW, with similar stars 2' NE and 2'
SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 549 = J. 2-639 on 19 Feb 1894. He recorded "very faint, small, irregular form, central condensation." The IC position is 1.6' too far north.
******************************
09 40 28.6 -06 56 46; Hya
Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 32°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; nearly moderately bright,
slightly elongated SW-NE, ~0.6' diameter, bright core increases gradually to a
small bright nucleus. Located less than 5' SW of mag 7.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 550 = J. 2-640 on 18 Feb 1893. He recorded "faint, extremely small, stellar [nebula]."
******************************
09 41 00.1 +06 56 10; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 155°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; moderately bright, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, ~0.6' diameter, good surface brightness, small bright core increases somewhat to the center. NGC 2948 is 30' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 551 = J. 2-641 on 10 Apr 1893. He recorded "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, surrounds a stellar nucleus of 13th mag." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 41 16.6 +10 38 49; Leo
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 176°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.8'x0.4', small bright core increases to a quasi-stellar nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 552 = J. 1-166 on 23 Apr 1892. His description reads "faint, round, 10" diameter, small nucleus of 14th mag, stellar [nucleus?]." His position is accurate.
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09 40 45.1 -05 26 07; Hya
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 118°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, 30" diameter, nearly even surface
brightness. A mag 14 star is close
SE [0.9' from center].
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 553 = J. 2-642 on 18 Feb 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, round, 20" in diameter." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 41 56.9 +12 17 47; Leo
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.5'; PA = 18°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 554 = Sw. 10A-1 on 28 Mar 1892 and recorded "eeF, eS, almost stellar." This was the first object in a short list of 8 nebulae published in MNRAS Vol. LIII, p.273, in his last year observing at the Warner Observatory in Rochester. There is nothing near his position, but 9' SSE is IC 555, which Stephane Javelle discovered just 6 nights earlier! So, it's reasonable to assume IC 554 is a duplicate observation of IC 555 given Swift's often poor positions in his later years. Courtney Seligman questions this identification due to the discrepant descriptions (Javelled called the galaxy "pretty bright"), but Javelle was using a much larger refractor.
******************************
IC 555 = IC 554 = UGC 5178 = MCG +02-25-020 = CGCG 063-047 = PGC 27716
09 41 56.9 +12 17 47; Leo
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.5'; PA = 18°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE. 35"x15", sharply concentrated with a bright elongated core and stellar nucleus. The extensions have a low surface brightness. A mag 10.8 star lies 3.7' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 555 = J. 1-167 on 22 Mar 1892. Described as "pretty bright, round, about 10" diameter, central condensation."
The galaxy was probably found again by Lewis Swift 6 nights later and reported as the first object in a short list that appeared between his 10th and 11th formal lists. Swift's declination for Sw. 10A-1 (later IC 554) was 8' too far north.
******************************
09 43 40.4 +11 03 39; Leo
V = 13.4; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6
17.5" (4/1/00): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration. The halo, which fades at the edges, increases to ~0.6' with averted vision. A mag 14.5 star is close SSW (33" from center) and a slightly brighter star lies 0.9' NE.
Stephane Javelle found IC 556 = J. 1-168 on 22 Apr 1892 and
reported "F, vS, R, nucleus = 14th mag". His position matches
This galaxy was probably discovered by William Herschel on 15 Mar 1784 and catalogued as H. III-34 (later NGC 2984), but his position was unusually poor -- 1 min 19 sec of RA west and 3.5' south of IC 556. Karl Reinmuth mentioned he couldn't find NGC 2984 in Dreyer's place using Heidelberg plates and questioned if it was equal to IC 556. This is likely the case as there are no other reasonable candidates for NGC 2984 in the vicinity. UGC, CGCG and MCG label this galaxy as IC 556 and RNGC calls it NGC 2984. See Corwin's identification notes.
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IC 557 = MCG +02-25-027 = CGCG 063-055 = PGC 27866
09 44 02.4 +10 59 17; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 40°
17.5" (4/1/00): faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 30"x15", weak concentration, very faint stellar nucleus at moments. The elongation was not always evident, so often was just viewing the slightly brighter core. Located 7' SE of NGC 2984.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 557 = J. 1-169 on 22 Apr 1892. His micrometric position is accurate.
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09 45 00.4 +29 27 08; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'; PA = 165°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, slightly brighter core and nearly stellar nucleus. An easy unequal double is 9' NE (BRT 247 = 10.0/11.1 at 5.3").
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 558 on 23 Feb 1889 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna.
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09 44 43.9 +09 36 54; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.75'; PA = 87°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 30"x25", uniform surface brightness. A mag 10.4 star is 2' E. A similar star is 6' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 559 = J. 2-643 on 13 Apr 1893. He recorded "faint, not very large, round, 40" diameter, without condensation." His position is accurate.
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09 45 53.4 -00 16 06 ; Sex
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 18°
24" (4/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S. Contains a very small, round bright core with a low surface brightness halo extending 0.6'x0.3'. A mag 10.8 star is just off the south side [36" SSW of center] and a mag 14.3 star is 45" W. Located 5' SSE of mag 9.0 HD 84499.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 560 = J. 2-644 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is 1' too far south due to an error in the dec of his offset star.
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09 45 58.9 +03 08 42 ; Sex
V = 14.7; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 6°
24" (2/24/20): at 200x; between faint and fairly faint,
small, round, fairly low uniform surface brightness, 20"-24"
diameter. The close pair
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 561 = J. 2-645 on 21 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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09 46 03.9 -03 58 16; Sex
V = 14.2; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 147°
24" (4/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, very thin attractive edge-on, ~7:1 NNW-SSE, ~70"x10". Contains a slightly brighter elongated core, but no nucleus or noticeable bulge. A mag 15.3 star is off the NNW tip [56" from center]. A rough parallelogram of mag 10 stars (sides ~6'x4') lies east, with the closest star 6' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 562 = J. 2-646 on 8 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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IC 563 = Arp 303 NED1 = MCG +01-25-022 = CGCG 035-053 = Holm 143B = WBL 239-002 = PGC 28032
09 46 20.3 +03 02 44; Sex
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 111°
24" (2/24/20): at 200x; between faint and fairly faint,
fairly small, oval 3:2 or 5:3, , 30"x20", low even surface
brightness. Forms a close pair
(Arp 303) with brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 563 = J. 2-647, along with IC 564, on 12 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 564 = Arp 303 NED2 = MCG +01-25-022 = CGCG 035-053 = Holm 143a = WBL 239-003 = PGC 28032
09 46 21.1 +03 04 17; Sex
V = 13.4; Size 1.7'x0.4'; PA = 68°
24" (2/24/20): at 200x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 1.1'x0.35'. Contains a relatively large, slightly brighter central region but no distinct nucleus. Forms a close pair (Arp 303) with IC 563 1.6' S, and brightest in a trio (WBL 239) with IC 561 7' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 564 = J. 2-648, along with IC 563, on 12 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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09 47 50.5 +15 51 07; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 1.6'x0.2'; PA = 51°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, thin edge-on at least 6:1 SW-NE, relatively large, ~1.0'x0.15', low even surface brightness. Images show a warped disc with a small companion at the W edge.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 565 = J. 2-649 on 16 Dec 1893. He recorded "faint, small, poor definition, without condensation." and measured a good position.
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09 49 56.4 -00 13 53; Sex
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (3/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, very small,
round, decent surface brightness, 15" diameter. Located just 4' W of mag 7.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 566 = J. 2-650 on 9 Mar 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, round, 20" or more diameter. I glimpse, at times, a very small central nucleus."
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09 51 08.3 +15 43 50; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.9'; PA = 16°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated E-W, ~30"x24", low irregular surface brightness
with only a very weak central brightening. In a faint quartet (USGC U264) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 568 = J. 2-651, along with IC 570, 571 on 15 Jan 1893. His position is accurate.
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09 51 28.2 +10 55 12; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 163°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint,
small, slightly elongated ~N-S, even surface brightness,
~20"x15". Nearly
collinear with two mag 14.2/14.4 stars 1.3' S and 2.7' SSE. Located 8' ENE of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 569 = J. 1-170 on 27 Jan 1892. His description reads "very faint, poorly defined, with a very slight condensation."
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IC 570 = MCG +03-25-032 = CGCG 092-060 = PGC 28407
09 51 51.0 +15 45 21; Leo
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 60°
24" (4/13/18): at 375x; extremely faint and small,
round, 12" diameter, low even surface brightness, requires averted to
glimpse. Located 10' W of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 570 = J. 2-652, along with IC 568, on 15 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.
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IC 571 = MCG +03-25-035 = CGCG 092-063 = PGC 28445
09 52 31.6 +15 46 32; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 0°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter, slightly brighter stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus. Similar to IC 572 3.1' N. Member of a quartet (USGC U264) with IC 570, 571 and 572.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 571 = J. 2-653, along with IC 572, on 15-16 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 572 = Ark 220 = MCG +03-25-036 = CGCG 092-064 = PGC 28456
09 52 32.8 +15 49 37; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very weak concentration. Similar to IC 571 3.1' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 572 = J. 2-65, along with IC 571, on 16 Dec 1893.
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09 53 35.7 -12 28 55; Hya
V = 12.5; Size 1.3'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 35°
28" (4/12/18): at 366x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated ~3:2 SW-NE, ~40"x25", very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 13.6 star is 1.1' W. A very close, faint pair (~6" separation) is 1.1' SSE.
17.5" (4/15/93): faint, fairly small, round, low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 1.0' W. A wide mag 12/13 pair at 45" separation lies 2' SSW and a mag 12/13.5 pair at 30" separation E-W lies 3.5' W.
Stephane Javelle found IC 573 = J. 1-171 on 20 Apr
1892. His position is a good match
with the double system
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09 54 27.0 -06 57 12; Sex
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7
18" (4/14/12): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
4:3 N-S, 24"x18", small brighter core.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 574 = J. 2-655, along with IC 575, on 9 Mar 1893. He noted "pB, S, R, 20" dia, mbM, * 12 s." and measured an accurate micrometric position
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IC 575 = Arp 292 = VV 111 = MCG -01-25-058 = PGC 28575
09 54 32.9 -06 51 27; Sex
V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x1.1'; PA = 126°
48" (2/20/12): this unusual system has a dust lane along the major axis and a polar-ring like disc. The galaxy appears as a fairly bright oval, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.4', with a small bright core. There was only a hint of the dust lane but narrow extensions or spikes were visible poking out on the NW and SE end, with the SE extension brighter. A mag 15.2 star is 1.3' NNE and two mag 13 and 14.5 stars are 2.3' SE and 1.7' SE, respectively
There are two close companions but I only noted
18" (4/14/12): at 246x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 NW-SE, ~28"x21", only a very weak broad concentration with no core or zones. The extensions seen in the 48" were not resolved. IC 574 lies 6' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 575 = J. 2-656, along with IC 574, on 9 Mar 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
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09 55 07.0 +11 02 22; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.5'; PA = 168°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. A 12" pair is 5' ENE. Several faint stars are close north, including four in an E-W chain.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 576 = J. 1-172 on 27 Jan 1892. He logged it as "very faint, round, 10" diameter." and measured an accurate position.
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09 56 04.0 +10 29 56; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.5'
24" (4/13/18): at 200x; very faint, small glow with a
mag 14.5 star superimposed at the south edge, 25" diameter. Forms a pair (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 577 = J. 1-173, along with IC 578, on 22 Mar 1892. His position is accurate. The description should read "F * s[outh]", instead of "F * n"
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IC 578 = UGC 5337 = MCG +02-26-002 = CGCG 064-004 = PGC 28674
09 56 16.1 +10 29 10; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.45'; PA = 70°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~WSW-ENE, ~30"x20", very small slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a physical pair (KPG 220 at z = .03) with IC 577, 3' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 578 = J. 1-174, along with IC
577, on 22 Mar 1892. His position
is just off the northwest edge of
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09 56 39.4 -13 46 30; Hya
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 132°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x; very faint (at best), fairly
small, elongated NW-SE, low surface brightness. It was challenging to see the shape clearly, but seemed at
times elongated 3:1, ~0.6'x0.2'.
More difficult to see when I increased to 226x. Located 19' S of mag 6.8
The identification of this galaxy as IC 579 is very uncertain (due to a poor discovery position) and the number is probably lost.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 579 = Sw. 8-50 on 25 Mar 1889 and
reported "pF; pS; R."
There is nothing near his position and a search due east or west didn't
reveal any possible candidates.
Harold Corwin suggests this number may apply to
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09 57 56.7 +10 25 57; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 166°
13.1" (4/10/86): very faint, very small. Located on a line with
Stephane Javelle found IC 580 = J. 1-175 on 22 Mar 1892 and
recorded "pF, vS, irr form."
His position is very close north of
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09 58 11.6 +15 56 49; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 130°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint,
elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~30"x20", occasional very faint stellar
nucleus. A mag 12.8 star is 1.3'
N. A very faint, nearly stellar galaxy (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 581 = J. 2-657 on 16 Dec 1893. He recorded "quite bright, not large, ill-defined, envelops a core of 13th mag." His position is accurate.
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09 59 00.2 +17 49 02; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'
24" (4/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
irregularly round, ~36"x30".
Slightly irregular surface brightness with a very small slightly
brighter nucleus. Forms a close
(physical) pair (Holm 155 at z = .025) with fainter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 582 = J. 2-658, along with IC 583, on 16 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
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IC 583 = UGC 5363 = MCG +03-26-012 = CGCG 093-017 = Holm 155B = PGC 28844
09 59 05.1 +17 49 17; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.15'; PA = 113°
24" (4/13/18): at 375x; faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness, ~30"x10". Forms a close pair with brighter IC 582 just 1.2' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 583 = J. 2-658, along with IC 582, on 16 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
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09 59 05.1 +10 21 40; Leo
V = 14.8; Size 0.35'x0.35'
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, small, round, 15"
diameter. Often appeared elongated N-S (~20" total length), but this is
due to a mag 15.8 star at the south edge.
Located 7.5' SE of mag 7.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 584 = J. 1-176 on 28 Jan 1892. He described it as "extremely faint, roughly round, 20" to 30" diameter, no concentration."
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09 59 44.2 +12 59 18; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5" (3/29/97): faint, small, round, bright core,
40" diameter. Located 4.4' SW
of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 585 = Big. 157 on 18 Mar 1890. His Comptes Rendus position is about 2' too far north (but matches in RA) and there is no mention of nearby N3080.
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09 59 50.3 -06 55 22; Sex
Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (3/31/22): at 226x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, broad and weak concentration. Nearly on the line connecting a mag 14.3 star 1.5' NW and a mag 11.3 star 2.7' NW. A mag 10 star is 3.5' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 586 = J. 2-660 on 9 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, very small, poorly defined, mottled appearance." His position is accurate.
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10 03 05.2 -02 24 00; Sex
V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 106°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint low surface brightness oval, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 35"x20", no core or zones.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 587 = J. 2-661 on 20 Mar 1893. There is nothing at his position, but if his offsets are reversed in direction. Once corrected his position matches UGC 5411.
The MCG identifies this galaxy only as -00-26-012 and the CGCG as 470-028. Neither list the IC identity, though the online databases NED, HyperLeda and SIMBAD do.
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10 02 07.0 +03 03 28; Sex
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 164°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 30"x15", contains a very small bright core with faint extensions. Visible steadily with direct vision. A mag 13 star is 2.5' W and a mag 10.9 star is 5' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 588 = J. 2-662 on 17 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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10 04 23.9 -05 40 44; Sex
Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 20°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, round, 20"-24" diameter, occasionally a very small brighter nucleus popped. Double star HJ 150 = 11.8/11.9 at 13" is 9' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 589 = J. 2-663 on 9 Mar
1893. He noted "very faint,
very small, ill-defined, seems to have, at times, two centers of
condensation." His position
is accurate. HyperLEDA and SIMBAD
do not identify
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10 05 50.2 +00 37 59; Sex
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.9'
24" (4/14/18): at 282x and 375x; fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE. The twin nuclei (separation 13") of this merged double system were immediately resolved within a common halo. With careful viewing two overlapping haloes were visible, each ~15"-20" diameter. The nuclei are oriented NW and SE with the NW nucleus slightly brighter and clearly stellar. The eastern halo is possibly slightly larger and the nucleus was quasi-stellar. A mag 12.6 star is 1' WNW. Located 1.1° NW of mag 4.5 Alpha Sextans.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 590 = J. 2-664 on 11 Mar 1893 and wrote "faint, diffuse, appears as a double star surrounded by nebulosity". Javelle's description implies he resolved both nuclei in this close double system.
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10 07 27.7 +12 16 28; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 170°
24" (3/31/22 and 4/15/23): at 226x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~5:3 N-S, ~40"x25", broad concentration. The brighter core region is rounder. Located 23' NNW of Regulus and 15' W of the center of the Leo I dwarf.
17.5" (2/13/88): faint, small, slightly elongated, even surface brightness. Located 15' W of center of dwarf galaxy Leo I in the same 140x field (35')!
David Todd discovered IC 591 = Todd 22 = J. 1-177 on 6 Feb 1878 during his search for a trans-Neptunian planet using the 26-inch Clark refractor at USNO. It was not assigned an NGC designation as no position was given. But Harold Corwin found his sketch is a good match with UGC 5458, specifically a mag 13 star that is 86 seconds of time west, along with a pair of stars that are roughly 5' ENE of IC 591.
Stephane Javelle independently discovered this galaxy on 31
Mar 1892, so the IC position is accurate.
UGC doesn't label
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10 07 58.8 -02 29 50; Sex
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (4/14/18): at 282x; faint, small, round, at most
30" diameter, low surface brightness. The view was significantly affected by mag 7.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 592 = J. 2-665, along with IC 593, on 21 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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IC 593 = UGC 5469 = MCG +00-26-021 = CGCG 008-047 = PGC 29482
10 08 18.0 -02 31 36; Sex
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 97°
24" (4/14/18): at 282x; faint, small, round, 25" diameter, fairly low even surface brightness. Located 5' E of mag 7.7 HD 87888, far enough away to keep outside the field. Forms a pair with IC 592 5' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 593 = J. 2-666, along with IC 592, on 21 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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10 08 32.0 -00 40 01; Sex
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 127°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small,
very elongated ~3:1 NW-SE, low uniform surface brightness,
40"x15". Situated just
2' S of mag 9.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 594 = J. 2-667 on 17 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, small, round, 30" in diameter, gradually condensed, looks grainy." His position is accurate.
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10 09 38.1 +11 00 01; Leo
V = 14.3; Size 0.7x0.5'; PA = 170°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is 3' ENE and an equilateral triangle (sides 2') of mag 14-14.5 stars is ~8' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 595 = J. 1-178 on 28 Jan 1892. Recorded as "faint, small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration." His position is accurate.
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10 10 31.4 +10 02 33; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 19°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x, 327x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, very elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~40"x15", weak concentration, slightly brighter nucleus. Three mag 13-14 stars to N and NE, the closest one is 2' N. Two mag 14 stars to SW, closest is 2' SW. Located 39' ENE of mag 4.4 31 Leonis.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 596 = J. 2-668 on 18 Apr 1893. Noted as "faint, small, poorly defined, diffuse." His position is accurate.
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10 10 12.0 -06 53 57; Sex
Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 170°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, small,
elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.25', low surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 597 = J. 2-669 on 4 May
1893. Described as "faint,
small, round, 20" diameter, without condensation." His position is accurate. HyperLEDA and SIMBAD fail to recognize
******************************
10 12 48.6 +43 08 44; UMa
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x0.45'; PA = 7°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 N-S, 1.0'x0.35'. Contains a small high surface brightness core with much fainter wings N-S. Located 49' WNW of mag 3.4 Lambda UMa (Tania Borealis).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 598 = Sw. 8-51 on 27 Mar 1889 and
reported "vF; vS; R; BM. Almost stellar." There is nothing at his position, but 6.6' SSW is
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10 13 12.5 -05 37 44; Sex
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 36°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; very faint, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 SW-NE, ~30"x15". A mag 15 star is 1.6' SSE and a mag 11.2 star is 5' ESE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 599 = J. 2-670 on 4 May 1890. He recorded "Quite faint, small, poorly defined, very slightly condensed."
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10 17 10.9 -03 29 52; Sex
V = 12.5; Size 2.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 25°
17.5" (3/25/95): faint, moderately large, 1.5'
diameter, irregularly round, broad concentration, low surface brightness. Forms the vertex of an obtuse isosceles
triangle with a nice double star 5' N (mag 11/12 at 18" separation) and a
mag 9 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 600 = J. 2-671 on 3 May 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.
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10 18 15.3 +07 02 19; Leo
V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 41°
17.5" (3/25/00): extremely faint, very small streak,
~20"x5". Visible with
averted vision only and could not hold continuously. Located 1.3' SW of brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 601 = J. 2-672, along with IC 602, on 10 Apr 1893.
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IC 602 = NGC 3186? = UGC 5561 = MCG +01-26-034 = CGCG 036-089 = Ark 237 = Holm 176a = PGC 30090
10 18 19.7 +07 02 57; Leo
V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 177°
17.5" (3/25/00): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
2:1 N-S, 0.8'x0.4', small bright core.
A mag 12 star is just off the SW end. A group of 4 stars (trapezoid outline) is 4' NE. Forms a pair with much fainter IC 601
1.3' SW (see notes). MCG
+01-26-032 (identified as
17.5" (3/22/96): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.8'x0.6'. A mag 12.5-13 star is just off the SW side 35" from center. A nearly square asterism of mag 11.5-14 stars with sides ~1.5' lies 4' NE. Forms a pair with IC 601 1.3' SW (not seen).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 602 = J. 2-673, along with IC 601, on 10 Apr 1893. NGC 3186 may be identical to IC 602. See that number for the story.
******************************
10 19 25.1 -05 39 22; Sex
Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 155°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 375x; fairly faint, slightly
elongated 5:4 NNW-SSE, 35" diameter, a little brighter core, occasional
brighter nucleus flashed. The problem is mag 9.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 603 = J. 2-674 on 4 May 1893. He noted "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, stellar nucleus of mag 13.5." Host of SN 2002jm.
******************************
10 23 45.2 +57 01 38; UMa
V = 13.0; Size 1.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 96°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 604 = Sw. 9-22 on 8 Aug 1890 and reported "eeeF; vS; eeE; spindle; ? several eeF st[ars] in a line." His position and description matches NGC 3220 = UGC 5614. William Herschel discovered this galaxy on 8 Apr 1793 and also recorded an accurate position (offset). Dreyer apparently missed the match in position, but NGC 3220 = IC 604.
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10 22 24.1 +01 11 54; Sex
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.55'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 9°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 375x; faint, small, round,
25" diameter, low nearly uniform surface brightness. Located 6' NW and of
mag 8.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 605 = J. 2-675 on 11 Mar 1893. He noted "faint, roughly round, 30" diameter, gradually condensed."
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10 23 32.6 +10 57 35; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 30°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; between faint and
pretty faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter center. A
mag 14.3 star is 1.4' SW. Located
25' NW of mag 6.8
18" (3/11/07): faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.4'x0.3', weak concentration. Situated in a small group of mag 13-14 stars and a mag 11.6 star 2.6' SE. Discovered by David Todd in his search for a trans-Neptunian planet and equivalent to IC 606.
Stephane Javelle found IC 606 = J. 2-676 on 18 Apr
1893. His position matches CGCG
065-017 = PGC 30448. David Todd
discovered this galaxy on 4 Mar 1878 using the 26-inch Clark refractor at the
US Naval Observatory during his search for a trans-Neptunian planet. His position for Todd 29 (later NGC
3217) was 2.1 minutes of RA too far west and 4' too far south, but his sketch
shows two nearby stars that match this galaxy. So
******************************
10 24 08.6 +16 44 31; Leo
V = 13.2; Size 1.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 110°
28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly faint, moderately large, irregular round, ~0.8' diameter. Contains a small, slightly brighter nucleus. Occasionally a slightly brighter spot appeared on the north side [brightening at the end of the central bar]. A mag 14.3 star is just off the SW side [45" from center]. Two mag 12.5 stars lie 3' and 4' SE
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large,
round, low surface brightness, ~50" diameter, slightly brighter core, very
faint nucleus (possibly stellar).
A mag 14.3 star is 45" SW. A 1' pair of mag 12/12.5 stars 3'-4' SE
is collinear with the galaxy.
Located 28' SW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 607 = Sw. 8-52 on 29 Mar 1889 and
recorded "eeF; pS; R; * near sp; 2 near sf point to it; ee
difficult." His position is
2' too far north, but the description is a perfect match with
******************************
10 24 21.1 -06 02 21; Sex
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 108°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated E-W, 30" diameter, diffuse with a low surface brightness, very slightly brighter center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 608 = J. 2-677 on 4 May 1893. Described as "faint, small, round, 30" diameter, even surface brightness." His position is accurate.
******************************
10 25 35.5 -02 12 56; Sex
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 10°
17.5" (3/29/97): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2
SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8', very weak concentration. An unequal pair of mag 13/14.5 stars [at 36"
separation] lies 3.5' W. The
nearby companion
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 609 = J. 2-678 on 21 Mar 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
10 26 28.4 +20 13 42; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 1.8'x0.25'; PA = 28°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; moderately faint, very
nice edge-on, fairly large, pretty uniform in thickness and brightness,
~1.6'x0.25', just a very slight central brightening and bulge. A wide pair of mag 10/11 stars at 1.1'
separation is 5' N. IC 610 is
located 4.8' SE of mag 9.1
Édouard Stephan first discovered IC 610 = Sw. 8-53 on 13 Mar 1874. His RA was just 2 seconds too small, though he never published this observation and this galaxy didn't receive a NGC designation.
Lewis Swift discovered it again on 20 Apr 1889 (after the publication of the NGC) and reported it in his 8th discovery list as "eeF; pS; cE; in center of semicircle of 3 wide D st; ee diff." His RA was 12 seconds too small. Swift apparently found this edge-on again just 2 nights later and called it "eF; S; lE." His position is just 1.4' to the NW. Since his positions for #53 and #54 were fairly similar, it's surprising neither Swift nor Dreyer questioned if they were identical.
CGCG and MCG only identify this galaxy as
******************************
IC 611 = IC 610 = UGC 5653 = MCG +03-27-034 = CGCG 094-052 = FGC 1067 = PGC 30670
10 26 28.4 +20 13 42; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 1.8'x0.25'; PA = 28°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; moderately faint, very nice edge-on, fairly large, pretty uniform in thickness and brightness, ~1.6'x0.25', just a very slight central brightening and bulge. A wide pair of mag 10/11 stars at 1.1' separation is 5' N. IC 610 is located 4.8' SE of mag 9.1 HD 90360 (a double star is 1' to its south) and 48' NE of the NGC 3226/3227 pair (Arp 94).
Lewis Swift found IC 611 = Sw. 8-54 on 22 Apr 1889 and reported "eF; S; lE." His position is less than 2' NW of IC 610, discovered two night earlier by Swift! See IC 610.
******************************
10 27 05.8 +11 03 17; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 0°
17.5" (5/19/01): extremely faint and small, round, 15"
diameter. Forms the northern
vertex of a small triangle with two mag 13 stars 40" SSW and 46"
SE. Located in the core of AGC
1016 with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 612 = J. 2-679, along with IC 613 and 615 on 18 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
******************************
IC 613 = MCG +02-27-018 = CGCG 065-038 = PGC 30728
10 27 07.8 +11 00 39; Leo
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.8'
17.5" (5/19/01): faint, small, round, 0.6', low surface
brightness. A mag 11 star lies
1.9' W. In the core of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 613 = J. 2-680, along with IC 612 and 615 on 18 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
******************************
10 26 51.9 -03 27 53; Sex
Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 17°
48" (4/18/15): at 697x; this Ring galaxy appeared moderately bright, round, sharply concentrated with a small bright core about 12" diameter and a low surface brightness halo ~30" diameter. The ring feature (brighter rim) was not seen.
IC 614 is classified as a Collisional Ring Galaxy in Madore's 2009 "Atlas and Catalogue of Collisional Ring Galaxies". The collider is supposedly on the north side of the ring, but there is no distinct object at this position on the SDSS. The nucleus is a Sy2.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 614 = J. 2-681 on 3 May 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
IC 615 = UGC 5665 = MCG +02-27-020 = CGCG 065-041 = PGC 30751
10 27 22.1 +11 04 47; Leo
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 143°
17.5" (5/19/01): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness. Extended towards a mag 13 star 2' SE of center. Brightest of trio in core of AGC 1016 with IC 613 4.2' SW and IC 612 5.4' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 615 = J. 2-682, along with IC 612 and 613 on 18 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory.
******************************
10 32 47.6 +15 51 39; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.0
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small, round, 30"-40" diameter, nearly even surface brightness. A mag 13.7 star is 1.5' SE. Two mag 11.2/11.6 stars situated 5.5' and 8' WNW point directly to the galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 616 = J. 2-683 on 16 Dec 1893. Noted as "faint, a little extended, round(ish?), 40" diameter, without concentration."
******************************
10 32 43.7 -12 38 15; Hya
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 617 = J. 1-179 on 19 Apr 1892. His position matches MCG -02-27-006/007 = PGC 31153/31156 (a third component may have been too faint). This galaxy was discovered earlier by both Andrew Ainsley Common in 1880 and Francis Leavenworth in 1886 and catalogued as NGC 3280 and 3295, respectively. Both of the earlier positions were very poor, so Javelle assumed this was a new discovery, but NGC 3280 = NGC 3295 = IC 617. See Harold Corwin's identification notes and Malcolm Thomson's IC Research Database for more.
******************************
10 32 45.4 -12 43 03; Hya
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 618 = J. 1-180 on 19 Apr 1892 and
reported "faint, small, elongated E-W, slightly brighter
center." His position matches
******************************
10 33 50.0 +12 52 42; Leo
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 177°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, low surface brightness, very weak concentration, at most 30" diameter.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 619 = Sw. 8-55 on 21 Apr
1889. His description reads
"eeF; S; R; a pretty large triangle of 3 faint stars following, one a very
faint double." There is
nothing at all near his position.
******************************
10 33 33.4 +11 52 17; Leo
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 88°
24" (3/31/22 and 3/15/23): at 226x and 327x; faint,
fairly diffuse, nearly even surface brightness (small slightly brighter
nucleus), roundish, well defined 25" halo. A mag 10.5 star is 3.4' NNE. On a line between IC 620 and
this star is a dim 16th mag star and
IC 620 is a double system, but the companion at the NW edge
wasn't seen. It's a member of a group (WBL 279) that includes
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 620 = J. 1-181 on 31 Mar 1892. Noted as "very faint, very small, poorly defined." His position corresponds with the brighter southeastern component of a double, (interacting?) system. LEDA misidentifies the fainter northwestern galaxy as IC 620 (as of 2023).
******************************
10 33 21.0 +02 36 58; Sex
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 82°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, round,
20"-24" diameter, nearly uniform surface brightness. A wide pair
of mag 10.7 and 11.5 stars are
1.5' and 2.2' SE. Situated 9' W of
mag 7.8
Forms a pair (same redshift) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 621 = J. 2-684 on 7 Apr
1893. Described as "faint,
roughly round, small spot 30" in diameter." The position is nearly midway between
******************************
10 34 42.8 +11 11 50; Leo
V = 13.4; Size 2.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 152°
24" (4/15/23): fairly faint and relatively large edge-on, ~2.0' x 20" NNW-SSE. Broad, weak concentration but no core. Very nice. A mag 10.5 star is 3.6' N of center.
17.5" (4/13/91): faint, moderately large, edge-on 6:1
NW-SE, low even surface brightness.
Lewis Swift found IC 622 = Sw. 9-23 on 29 Jan 1890 and
reported "vF pS; E; 9m * s[outh]." His position is 2' W of
******************************
10 35 21.0 +03 33 30; Sex
V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 151°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small, extended ~5:2 NNW-SSE, ~40" in length, low and uniform surface brightness. A mag 15.1 star is less than 1' S. IC 623 is located 3.4' SSW of a mag 9.7 star. This star is within a chain extending SW to NE, passing to the SW of the galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 623 = J. 2-685 on 7 Apr 1893. His description reads "faint, roughly round, about 30" in diameter, without concentration." His position is just off the west side of the galaxy.
******************************
10 36 15.2 -08 20 02; Sex
Size 2.7'x0.5'; PA = 39°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; relatively bright, very elongated 3:1 or perhaps 7:2 SW-NE, ~1.4'x0.4', well concentrated with much brighter middle. A mag 12.2 star is 2.7' E and a mag 14.4 star 1.2' E.
Member of the loose LGG 205 group, which includes NGC
3243/3325/3340,
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 624 = J. 2-686 on 4 May 1893. His description reads "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, without concentration."
******************************
10 42 38.0 -23 56 08; Hya
V = 13.0; Size 2.3'x0.5'; PA = 105°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 or 4:1 WNW-ESE, between 1.0-1.5' in length, brighter middle, low surface brightness (though viewed
Frank Muller discovered IC 625 = LM(S) 392 at the Leander
McCormick Observatory on 11 Jan 1888.
He recorded it as "elongated [in PA] 110°, dif." There is nothing at his position (using
the galaxy
HyperLEDA identifies this galaxy as
******************************
10 36 57.1 -07 01 26; Sex
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 137°
14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x and 226x; very faint, fairly
small, diffuse, roundish, 30" diameter, only a slightly brighter
nucleus. Required care and averted
vision in first identifying in the field.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 626 = J. 2-687, along with IC 630, on 3 May 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
10 37 19.9 -03 21 28; Sex
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x: fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, pretty even surface brightness, well defined halo. Three mag 10-10.5 stars are 8' NE, 8' ENE and 6' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 627 = J. 2-688 on 3 May 1893. He described it as "faint, small, poorly defined, looks a bit grainy."
******************************
10 37 36.2 +05 36 13; Sex
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 119°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small,
round, low even surface brightness, 30" diameter. A mag 11.3 star is 1.5'
S. Forms a pair with
UGC 5779 appeared extremely faint and required averted to glimpse. ~0.3'x0.1' NW-SE (central region only).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 628 = J. 1-182 on 18 May 1892. He noted "very faint, very small, irregular form with a slightly brighter middle."
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10 37 02.5 -27 33 55; Hya
V = 11.9; Size 3.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 175°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 629 = Big. 158 on 26 Feb 1887. His position matches NGC 3312, discovered by John Herschel in 1835. Apparently neither Bigourdan nor Dreyer questioned the equivalence of IC 629 with NGC 3312, though there is no doubt.
******************************
IC 630 = Mrk 1259 = MCG -01-27-029 = PGC 31636
10 38 33.6 -07 10 14; Sex
V = 12.0; Size 1.2'x1.2'
14.5" (4/12/21 and 4/10/21): at 158x; fairly faint,
small, round, 20" glow just 45" NE of mag 7.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 630 = J. 2-689, along with IC
626 and
******************************
IC 632 = UGC 5792 = MCG +00-27-035 = PGC 31673
10 39 11.9 -00 24 35; Sex
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 30°
17.5" (3/22/96): faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE,
0.8'x0.5', weak concentration.
Forms a pair with IC 632 3.3' NE.
Located 13' SSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 632 = J. 2-691, along with IC 633, on 9 May 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
10 39 24.1 -00 23 22; Sex
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 102°
17.5" (3/22/96): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, 0.6'x0.2', low even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is 1.0' NNE of center. Forms a pair with IC 632 3.3' SW. Located 11' S of NGC 3325.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 633 = J. 2-692, along with IC 632, on 9 May 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
10 40 54.9 +05 59 31; Sex
V = 14.5; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 116°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x; very faint, fairly small, low surface brightness, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, ~0.6'x0.2'. A mag 15.4 star is close ESE, in the direction of the major axis. About 10' S is a distinctive string of stars oriented NW-SE and about 9' in length. The end stars are mag 9.6 and 10.6. Member of a group (USGC U314) that includes NGC 3326 and IC 628 at z = .028.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 634 = J. 2-693 on 7 Apr 1893. He recorded "very faint, little extended, without condensation, granular." His position is accurate.
******************************
10 41 45.3 +15 38 36; Leo
V = 14.3; Size 1.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 6°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, very thin streak N-S, 0.8'x0.2', low even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is 2' W and three mag 14-15 stars in a thin triangle (two are collinear with the galaxy) are ~4' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 635 = J. 2-694 on 15 Jan 1894. He recorded "faint, small, slightly elongated, 30" diameter, gradually condensed." His position is at the south edge of the galaxy.
******************************
10 41 50.6 +04 19 51; Sex
V = 14.2; Size 0.95'x0.4'; PA = 49°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly
small, diffuse, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.3', brighter core. Located 2' N of mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 636 = J. 2-695 on 7 Apr 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, poorly defined, mottled."
******************************
10 42 21.9 +15 21 35; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.75'x0.5'
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 25" diameter. A mag 14.8 star is just off the NE side, 33" from center. An evenly separated group of five mag 12.5-13 stars is mainly south (closest is a mag 12.8 star 1.4' SW).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 637 = J. 2-696 on 15 Jan 1894. He recorded "faint, very small, poorly defined. On a straight line with the comparison star and two other stars." His position is accurate.
******************************
10 43 48.0 +15 53 42; Leo
V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 2°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x; extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated, 0.3' diameter, very low surface brightness. A mag 10.2 star is 2.5' W with a group of fainter stars to its west.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 638 = J. 2-697 on 16 Dec 1893. He recorded "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, without condensation." His position is accurate.
******************************
10 45 52.0 +16 55 50; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 0°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x and 260x; between faint and
fairly faint; elongated ~2:1 N-S, 0.6'x0.3', locw pretty even surface
brightness. Irregular shape,
appears to taper more on the north end (verified later on the SDSS). Located 27' SW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 639 = Sw. 7-14 on 12 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; S; vE in meridian [N-S]; * 10 mag. 5' nf. His position is within 1' of CGCG 095-016 = PGC 32129 and his comment "vE in meridian" matches. The mag 10 star is 3' NNE.
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10 48 08.1 +18 11 19; Leo
V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x1.3'
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, slightly out of round, 50" diameter, contains a bright core that increases to a relatively faint stellar nucleus. Situated in a sparce star field.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 642 = Sw. 7-15 on 12 Apr 1888 and reported "vF; pS; lE; forms a curve with 2 st. f[ollowing]." His RA is 9 seconds too large, but the description fits and the ID is certain.
******************************
10 49 27.2 +12 12 04; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 73°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, bright
core with faint extensions that increase the size to 50"x 15". A mag 11.4 star is 3.5' SW. Located 20' WSW of mag 8 HD
93928.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 643 = J. 1-183 on 31 Mar 1892. He described it as "quite faint, small, elongated along the meridian [N-S], slightly brighter in the middle." His position is at the east edge of this galaxy.
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10 51 31.5 +55 23 27; UMa
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 78°
17.5" (4/22/95): brighter of a pair of galaxies
oriented N-S.
Some catalogues refer to this galaxy as IC 644.
Lewis Swift found IC 644 = Sw. 9-24 on 8 May 1890 and
reported "eeeF; pS; lE; B * sf; sp of 2." His position is ~1' E of
******************************
IC 646 = MCG +09-18-039 = CGCG 267-019 = PGC 32568
10 51 35.2 +55 27 57; UMa
V = 14.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 14.0
17.5" (4/22/95): very faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0.4'. Forms a pair with brighter NGC 3398 4.6' SSW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 646 = Sw. 9-25 on 8 May 1890 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; nf of 2 [with IC 644 = NGC 3398]." Swift's RA is 12 seconds too large. PGC and RC3 (as well as Megastar) misidentify IC 646 as NGC 3398. See NGC 3398 for more.
******************************
10 50 34.4 -12 51 16; Hya
Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 62°
18" (3/29/03): at 300x this tiny companion to
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 647 = J. 1-184 on 21 Apr 1892
and noted it was distinct from NGC 3411.
The HyperLeda listing for
******************************
IC 648 = MCG +02-28-017 = CGCG 066-040 = PGC 32522
10 51 00.3 +12 17 15; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 159°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint,
elongated 3:2 N-S, at most 30" major axis, contains a very small brighter
core. A mag 15 star is at the N
edge, just 12" from center.
Situated 3.8' ENE of mag 8.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 648 = J. 1-185 on 31 Mar 1892. He recorded "extremely faint, round, 15" diameter,very faint star involved [or stellar nucleus]. Difficult."
******************************
10 50 52.1 +01 09 50; Sex
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, small, low
surface brightness, elongated 3:2 or 2:1 ~N-S (a fainter companion is attached
at the S end), ~0.4' diameter. A
mag 13.5 star is also off the SW edge [30" from center]. Located 22' WNW of mag 6.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 649 = J. 2-699 on 11 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, small, poorly defined, with slight condensation. Following and north of a mag 10.5 star."
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10 50 40.6 -13 26 31; Hya
Size 0.9'x0.7'
24" (2/15/23 and 4/15/23): at 327x; very faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter, diffuse, low surface brightness. Two mag 9.8 stars (2' apart) are 2.5' WNW and 4.4' W. A wide pair of mag 14.1/14.6 stars is ~2' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 650 = J. 1-186 on 21 Apr 1892. His position matches PGC 170094 although LEDA and SIMBAD do not identify this galaxy as IC 650. NED has the correct identification.
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10 50 58.4 -02 09 01; Sex
V = 13.1; Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; relatively bright for an IC galaxy, irregularly round (flattened on one side?), very little concentration, 35" to 40" diameter. A mag 12.3 star is 2.4' ESE and a mag 9.7 star is 6' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 651 = J. 2-700 on 21 Mar 1893. Described as "fairly bright, round, about 40" diameter, with a rather diffuse central core, looks grainy". The RA in the IC is 10 seconds too small.
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10 50 57.6 -12 26 55; Hya
V = 13.7; Size 2.0'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 175°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 652 = J. 1-187 on 19 Apr 1892. There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his offset star. His corrected position matches NGC 3421, although the NGC position from Common is also poor (13' too far N).
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10 52 06.8 -00 33 38; Leo
V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x0.9'; PA = 55°
24" (2/15/23): at 327x; fairly faint, oval ~2:1 SW-NE,
~1.0'x0.5', broad and very weak concentration. Forms the northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 12.8 star
2.5' WSW and a mag 13.5 star is 1.8' S.
Located 23' SSW of mag 6.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 653 = J. 2-701 on 10 Apr 1893. The IC position is on the south edge of the galaxy.
******************************
10 53 50.4 -11 43 32; Crt
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.5'; PA = 126°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; very faint, diffuse, elongated 3:2 or 2:1 NW-SE, ~40"x25", slightly brighter middle. A mag 11.3 star is 3' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 654 = J. 1-188 on 21 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
10 54 22.2 -00 21 54; Leo
V = 14.7; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 48°
24" (2/15/23): at 327x; extremely faint, fairly small, possibly extended SW-NE, ~0.6' length, very low surface brightness with no core. Too faint to see the shape well, though viewed at the end of the night with tired eyes.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 655 = J. 1-189 on 22 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
10 55 07.9 +17 36 48; Leo
V = 14.9/15.5; Size 12"
24" (2/22/14): at 260x a 12" pair of mag 15 stars
were resolved. The SDSS shows a
third fainter star, as well as a very faint galaxy (not seen). Located 4.4' E of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 656 on 15 Mar 1887 with
the 12" refractor at the Paris Observatory. At his position is a triple star plus
******************************
10 57 53.6 -04 54 18; Leo
Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 169°
24" (2/15/23 and 3/15/23): at 263x and 327x; very faint, requires averted vision and cannot hold steadily, elongated at least 2:1 N-S, ~40"x20", low surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 657 = J. 2-702 on 18 May 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
10 58 16.3 +08 14 30; Leo
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 42°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated NW-NE, 30" diameter, brighter core, stellar nucleus, well defined halo.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 658 = J. 2-703 on 19 Apr
1893. His position is 1.8' N of
******************************
10 58 03.9 -06 15 38; Leo
Size 1.4'x1.0'; PA = 147°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated NW-SE, 25" diameter, weakly brighter nucleus. I could just hold this galaxy steadily with averted vision.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 659 = J. 2-704 on 4 May
1893. His position is accurate. The MCG fails to identify its MCG
-01-28-010 as IC 659. In addition,
the MCG declinations for the
******************************
10 58 26.7 +01 22 58; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 31°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; very faint, small, elongated at least 3:2 SW-NE, ~20"-24" in length. Member of the galaxy cluster AGC 1139.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 660 = J. 2-705, along with IC 661 and 662, on 11 Mar 1893. His dec is 1' too far north.
******************************
10 58 51.5 +01 39 02; Leo
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 31°
24" (3/15/23): at 229x and 327x; very faint, small,
round, 20" diameter, diffuse with a low even surface brightness.n A mag 10.2 star is 3.6' NW and an 8th
mag star is 5' NNW. Member of the
galaxy cluster
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 661 = J. 2-706, along with IC
660 and 662, on 11 Mar 1893. His
position is accurate. Megastar
software misidenties nearby
******************************
10 59 20.5 +01 35 56; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.65'x0.5'; PA = 71°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; between very faint and faint, small, round, slightly elongated, at most 15" diameter. I wasn't able to hold this galaxy steadily. Member of the galaxy cluster AGC 1139.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 662 = J. 2-707, along with IC 660 and 661, on 11 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 00 37.3 +10 26 14; Psc
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 175°
17.5" (4/25/98): extremely faint and small, round,
15" diameter, required averted vision. This is the third brightest of four galaxies viewed in the
core of
Edward Swift, Lewis' 20 year-old son, discovered IC 663 =
Sw. 10-18, along with
******************************
IC 664 = MCG +02-28-042 = CGCG 066-091 = PGC 33191
11 00 45.3 +10 33 11; Psc
V = 13.0; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5" (4/25/98): this is the second brightest of four viewed in AGC 1142, located 4.1' NW of NGC 3492. Appeared faint, small, slightly elongated [SW-NE], 30" diameter, stellar nucleus at moments with direct vision.
Edward Swift, Lewis' 20 year-old son, discovered IC 664 = Sw. 10-19 (along with IC 663) on 29 Mar 1891. The description reads "eF; pS; R; 2nd of 3; NGC 3492 near." Stephane Javelle independently found it at the Nice Observatory on 22 Mar 1892.
******************************
11 00 29.9 -13 52 01; Crt
Size 1.0'x0.35'; PA = 148°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint,
elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 25"-30" major axis, small brighter
core/nucleus. A mag 13.7 star is
1.3' SE and a mag 12.3 star is 3.5' SSW.
IC 659 is located 14' NNE of mag 5.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 665 = J. 2-708 on 13 May
1893. His position is
accurate. LEDA doesn't identify
its
******************************
11 01 14.8 +10 28 52; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3
17.5" (4/25/98): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Last and most difficult of four found in AGC 1142 and observation confused by a mag 15 star 40" following. Difficult to view both simultaneously. Located 4.6' SE of NGC 3492. Viewed hampered by hazy sky conditions due to smoke.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 666 = J. 1-192 = Sw. 10A-2 on 1 Apr 1892. Lewis Swift independently found it two weeks later on 16 Apr 1892 and logged "eeF, vS, ee diff. NGC 3492 near. 4th of 4." Swift was credited first in the IC, though Javelle was first.
******************************
11 06 36.6 +15 05 19; Leo
V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (3/15/23): at 327x and 375x; faint, very small,
roundish, stellar nucleus, at most 15" diameter. A mag 11.6 star is 1.3' NW. Situated on a line between a mag 8.9 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 667 = J. 2-709, along with IC 668, on 15 Jan 1894. His position is accurate. IC 667 is identified as a double system in the CGCG, though Javelle only resolved a single galaxy.
******************************
11 06 39.6 +15 02 27; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 95°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, oval 3:2 E-W, 25" across, faint stellar nucleus. Situated just 1.5' E of mag 8.9 HD 96344. A 10" pair of 15th mag stars is very close SE of HD 96344. IC 667 lies 3' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 668 = J. 2-710, along with IC 667, on 15 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 07 16.6 +06 18 09; Leo
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 167°
24" (3/15/23): at 375x; relatively bright with a fairly
high surface brightness core and nucleus, elongated 3:2 ~N-S,
30"x20". A mag 15.5 star
is off the NE edge [23" from the center]. Two 10th mag stars at 1' separation lie 3' to 4' N. These are the brightest in a
distinctive asterism of 7 stars near IC 669.
14.5" (4/1/21): at 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 N-S, very small brighter nucleus, ~30" major axis. A distinctive group of a half-dozen mag 10 to 13.5 stars is directly NE, including a string of 4 stars N-S.
David Todd discovered IC 669 = Todd 8 = J. 2-711 on 3 Dec 1877 during his search for a trans-Neptunian planet. He reported, "Object 'a' suspected -- it has a companion, [PA] = 25 [deg]." Harold Corwin states, "The companion is a star, and both are shown in his sketch which accurately reflects the sky."
Stephane Javelle independently made a secure discovery on 7 Apr 1893 and measured an accurate position. Javelle was credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
IC 670 = UGC 6178 = MCG +01-28-041 = CGCG 038-134 = PGC 33680
11 07 28.8 +06 42 51; Leo
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 65°
24" (3/15/23): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated, very weak central condensation. Three stars are nearby: a mag 12.4
star 2' NE, a mag 14.3 star 2' S, and a mag 13.7 star 3' SE. A brighter mag 7.7 star (
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 670 = Spitaler 16 on 7 Mar 1891 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
11 07 31.6 +00 46 59; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x1.0'; PA = 24°
14.5" (4/1/21): at 182x and 226x, between faint and fairly
faint, round, diffuse, nearly even surface brightness, 30" to 40"
diameter. Situated on a line
between two mag 12 stars 5' NNE and 4' SSW. Located 34' SE of mag 7.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 671 = J. 2-712 on 11 Mar 1893.
******************************
11 09 25.3 -00 05 52; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 167°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x and 224x; between faint and fairly faint, very elongated NNW-SSE, ~45"x18". Easier to view at 158x and visible continuously once picked up in the field. The extremely low surface brightness outer ring was not detected. A mag 9.6 star is 8' SE and a mag 12 star is 6' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 673 = J. 1-194 on 22 Apr
1892. The CGCG calls this galaxy
******************************
11 11 06.4 +43 37 59; UMa
V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 120°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, ~30"x25", strong concentrated with a small bright core and stellar nucleus. With careful viewing, very low surface brightness wings [spiral arms] were occasionally glimpsed extending NW-SE increasing the dimensions to very roughly 50"x25". Three stars to the SSW are collinear with the galaxy; an 11th mag star 3.6' SSW, another 11th mag star 2.5' SSW with a 12th mag companion at ~10" separation.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 674 = Spitaler 36 on 24 May 1892 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 12 39.9 +09 03 21; Leo
V = 11.8; Size 2.1'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 10°
18" (3/5/05): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 1.2'x0.8'. Contains an elongated brighter core and brighter along the major axis [central bar]. At low power, collinear with a mag 10 star 9' WNW and a mag 10 star 14' ESE.
Edward Swift, Lewis' 20 year-old son, discovered IC 676 = Sw. 10-20 on 8 Apr 1891. The Swifts reported it as "vF; pS: lE; bet 2 distant stars."
******************************
11 13 56.8 +12 18 04; Leo
V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 45°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 SW-NE, ~45" length.
Using 226x, contains a small, brighter nucleus. A mag 13.4 star is 2' S. Located 32'
SSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 677 = J. 1-195 on 1 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 678 = MCG +01-29-021 = CGCG 039-083 = PGC 34222
11 14 06.4 +06 34 38; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 144°
24" (3/15/23): at 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated, low surface brightness, 20" diameter. Two mag 15.1 and 15.2 stars are 2' NW and 3' NW, respectively.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 678 = J. 2-714 on 13 Apr
1893. His position is
accurate. The CGCG mislabels
(typo) IC 673 = CGCG 011-009 as IC 678, but
******************************
11 16 36.6 -13 58 20; Crt
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 125°
14.5" (4/13/23): identified using 158x as a very faint,
very small soft glow. At 226x it
was fairly easy and could be held steadily. It appeared slightly elongated,
even surface brightness, ~20"-24" diameter. A mag 14.4 star is 1.1' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 679 = J. 2-715 on 13 May
1893. His position is
accurate. This galaxy does not have
a CGCG, MCG or PGC designation and
******************************
11 17 54.7 -01 56 47; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 157°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; very faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter. Required care to pick up with averted vision, but could hold steadily for several seconds once acquired.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 680 = J. 2-716 on 7 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 18 31.9 -12 08 25; Crt
V = 14.7; Size 0.85'x0.4'; PA = 32°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25"x20", very diffuse, low even surface brightness. A mag 14.2 star is 1.5' SW.
14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; extremely faint, small, slightly elongated, 25"-30" diameter, low uniform surface brightness, required averted vision and mostly glimpsed.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 681 = J. 1-196 on 19 Apr 1892.
******************************
11 22 14.8 +20 12 30; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 140°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 682 = Sw. 8-56 on 22 Apr 1889 and reported "eF; eS; R; vF * close np." There is nothing at his position but 1 minute of RA is NGC 3649. Arguing against this identification is there is no "vF * close np" of NGC 3649, but there is a very faint star at the south edge. So, this identification is questionable.
******************************
11 21 31.8 +02 45 07; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 175°
24" (5/20/20): at 375x; faint, small, round, 20"
diameter, very small brighter nucleus.
Can just hold continuously. Located 3.6' S of
Forms a close pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 683 = Big. 162 on 14 Apr
1888. His position matches CGCG
039-138, but CGCG, UGC, PGC, HyperLEDA (and secondary sources such as MegaStar)
misidentify CGCG 039-134 = PGC 34793 (just 1.3' WSW) as IC 683. HyperLEDA labels
******************************
11 21 32.9 +02 48 37; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 63°
See observing notes for NGC 3644.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 684 = Big. 163 on 14 Apr 1888 and recorded a "small nebula with a mag 12.8 situated in PA 214° at 0.5'." His position and description matches NGC 3644. So, NGC 3644 = IC 684. See Harold Corwin's notes for more.
******************************
11 16 51.1 +17 47 55; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 167°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, very elongated
3:1 NNW-SSE, fairly low surface brightness, no core or zones, 1.0'x0.3'. A mag
12.5 star is 1.4' NE of center.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 685 = Sw. 7-16 on 11 Apr 1888 and
reported "eeF; pretty small; round; * near north following;
******************************
11 24 17.3 +47 50 51; UMa
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (6/21/20): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, very small bright nucleus. A mag 14 star is 1.1' W and another mag 14 star is 13' NW. Observed 7 hours past the meridian at only 18° elevation.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 687 = Sw. 9-26 on 11 May 1890 and
reported "eF; eS; R; stellar to Nu[cleus]; F * nr f; another susp. nr.
p." His position is a good
match with
******************************
11 23 40.2 -09 47 44; Crt
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 98°
14.5" (4/13/23): picked up at 158x (10mm ZAO). At 226x, faint, small, slightly
elongated E-W, 0.3' diameter.
Although V = 14.4, the surface brightness is pretty decent and I could
nearly hold it steadily. Situated
20' due west of
Ormond Stone discovered IC 688 = LM(S) 418 on 9 Jan 1889 at
the Leander McCormick Observatory.
This galaxy was measured a number of times by Muller and Stone and their
micrometric position is accurate.
HyperLeda doesn't identify
******************************
11 23 38.4 -13 49 51; Crt
V = 14.0; Size 1.7'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 137°
See observing notes for
Ormond Stone found IC 689 = LM(S) 421 on 1 Jan 1889 with the 26-inch at the Leander-McCormick Observatory. His micrometric offsets (#421 in the LM Southern Nebulae list) matches NGC 3661, although neither he nor Dreyer noticed the equivalent position. So, IC 689 = NGC 3661.
******************************
11 24 20.6 -08 20 31; Crt
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 171°
14.5" (4/13/23): glimpsed while searching at 158x. Increasing to 226x, it appeared very
faint, thin streak 3:1 N-S, ~25" x 8". Located 14' NW of mag 8.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 690 = J. 2-718 on 13 May 1893. His position is accurate, though as the galaxy is missing from the PGC, HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 170138 as IC 690. The galaxy isn't labeled in Megastar.
******************************
11 26 44.4 +59 09 20; UMa
V = 13.9; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 150°
17.5" (3/19/88): fairly faint, very small, bright core, slightly elongated.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 691 = Sw. 7-17 on 17 Apr 1888 and recorded "pF; pS; R; forms right angle with 2 st." His position is 1.5' too far west (within his usual errors) and the description is a perfect match.
******************************
11 25 53.6 +09 59 14; Leo
V = 13.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 125°
14.5" (4/13/23): easily picked up at 158x. Increasing to 226x it appeared fairly faint, round, 25" to 30" diameter, increases broadly and steadily to the center. Two mag 12.7 and 14 close SE are aligned and equidistant with the galaxy.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 692 = Spitaler 37, along with
******************************
11 26 48.6 -05 00 15; Leo
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 90°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; faint, small, roundish, 25" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Can hold steadily with averted vision. Sparse star field with a mag 12.4 star 3.4' ENE and some scattered fainter stars to the S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 693 = J. 2-719 on 18 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 28 27.3 +58 34 43; UMa
V = 15.8; Size 0.3'x0.25'
48" (5/12/12): IC 694, roughly 1' NW of the interacting
pair
17.5" (4/1/95): this threshold object was barely glimpsed 1.1' NW of the interacting double system NGC 3690. It was just visible momentarily as an extremely small knot with averted vision but observation verified several times. This object is probably IC 694 although the identification is not 100% certain.
George Johnstone Stoney, returning to Parsontown from his
studies at Trinity, discovered IC 694 = Sw. 10A-3 on 27 Jan 1852. He described
an "appendage about one object diameter northwest [of NGC
3690]." Lewis Swift
apparently found this galaxy on 18 Apr 1892 and noted "vS, close D[ouble]
with 3690, suspected with 132, verified with 200x. His position is -7 seconds of RA, +30'' of Dec with respect
to NGC 3690, close to
Modern catalogues apply IC 694 to one component of the brighter double system. Despite the good match in position with PGC 35325, I feel it is more likely possible Swift saw the second component of NGC 3690, which is much more obvious in the eyepiece.
******************************
11 27 58.3 -11 42 55; Crt
Size 0.9'x0.35'; PA = 85°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x; very faint, small, elongated
E-W, very diffuse, low surface brightness, required averted vision. A 13th mag
star is 1.7' NW. Located 32' SW of
14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; marginally glimpsed and barely confirmed, but requires better conditions or a larger aperture for any details.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 695 = J. 1-197 on 21 Apr 1892. His position matches LEDA 170143. This galaxy wasn't included in the original PGC and it isn't recognized as IC 695 in HyperLEDA or SIMBAD.
******************************
IC 696 = UGC 6477 = MCG +02-29-034 = Holm 257a = PGC 35332
11 28 39.9 +09 05 55; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5
18" (5/3/11): faint, fairly small, round, 25"
diameter, fairly low surface brightness, weak concentration. In a group of IC galaxies with much
fainter
17.5" (2/28/87): fairly faint, fairly small, diffuse, only a weak concentration. This is the 2nd brightest in the IC 698 group with IC 698 6.0' ENE.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 696 = Spitaler 38, along with IC 698 and 699, on 31 Mar 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna University Observatory. Spitaler missed nearby IC 2857, which was discovered later by Wolf on a photographic plate of the region.
******************************
11 28 34.5 -01 37 46; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 131°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; faint, small, oval
3:2 NW-SE, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. Located 11' NE mag 6.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 697 = J. 2-720 on 7 Apr 1893.
******************************
IC 698 = UGC 6482 = MCG +02-29-035 = Holm 257b = PGC 35364
11 29 03.9 +09 06 42; Leo
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 147°
18" (5/3/11): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
nearly 2:1 NNW-SSE, ~35"x20", broad concentration to a brighter,
elongated core that increases to a faint nucleus with direct vision. Initially seen as slightly elongated,
but then the outer extensions were noticed. This is probably the highest surface brightness member of a
16' group of 6 IC galaxies including IC 696, 699, 2850, 2853 and 2857. The nearest is IC 696, 6' WSW. IC 698 is located 18.5' SW of
17.5" (2/28/87): fairly faint, fairly small, oval NW-SE, brighter core. Brightest in the IC 698 group and 3rd of 4 brighter galaxies with IC 696 6.0' WSW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 698 = Spitaler 39, along with IC 696 and 699, on 31 Mar 1892 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
11 29 06.6 +08 59 18; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 12°
18" (5/3/11): faint to fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 40"x20".
The halo is broadly concentrated then increases suddenly to a small
brighter nucleus. Located 7.5' S
of IC 698 in a small group of 6 IC galaxies (unrelated to nearby
17.5" (2/28/87): faint, small, bright core, stellar nucleus, faint extensions SSW-NNE. Fourth brightest in the IC 698 group with IC 698 7.5' N.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 699 = Spitaler 40, along with IC 696 and 698, on 31 Mar 1892. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
11 29 15.3 +20 35 00; Leo
V = 13.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 71°
48" (4/16/15): at 610x, the main (central) component of
HCG 54D was not noticed at 613x. At 813x it appeared very faint (B = 18.5), round, only a 6" knot. HCG 54D is the faintest member of the quartet and sits at the northeast end of the chain.
17.5" (3/8/97): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2
~E-W, 1.0'x0.4', low (but probably irregular) surface brightness. A mag 14 star lies 1' S. At a couple of
moments there appeared to be an extremely faint "star" at the west
edge (this is probably HCG 54B).
Located ~15' SE of
17.5" (4/1/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2
WSW-ENE, 1.0'x0.4', even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 1.1' S of center. Located 4.8' NE of a mag 10 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 700 = J. 1-198 on 28 Apr 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at Nice. His position matches HCG 54A = UGC 6487. Harold Corwin notes that "his description "Nearly round, about 40 arcsec in diameter, a little brighter toward the middle" suggests he saw at least the brightest three of the objects, blended into a single image." HCG 54 is considered a post-merger of 2 or more galaxies.
******************************
11 31 00.7 +20 28 08; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 105°
48" (5/12/12): at 488x, IC 701 = Arp 197 appeared
fairly bright, oval 2:1 WNW-ESE, 0.6'x0.3', contains a small bright core. A very low surface brightness hazy
plume extends to the NE about 30".
Occasionally
Lewis Swift discovered IC 701 = Sw. 8-57 on 22 Apr 1889 and recorded "eF; vS; R; 2 pB stars south following."
******************************
11 30 54.7 -04 55 19; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 130°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. HJ 2573, a pair of mag 10.3/10.5 star at 8", lies 15' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 702 = J. 2-721 on 18 May
1893. His description reads
"faint, very small, round, 20" in diameter, with a central core of
mag 13.5". HyperLeda doesn't
recognize
******************************
11 32 56.3 +50 14 31; UMa
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 34°
24" (6/21/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 25"x20", small brighter core, occasional faint
stellar nucleus. Surrounded by
several 13th-14th mag stars.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 705 = Sw. 9-27 on 11 May 1890 and reported "eeF; vS; R."
******************************
11 33 12.6 -13 20 17; Crt
Size 1.3'x0.2'; PA = 111°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; pretty faint, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, 40"x15", small brighter core. A 10th mag star is 2' S and a 15th mag star is 50" SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 706 = J. 1-199 on 21 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 33 44.6 +21 22 48; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 0.65'x0.5'; PA = 4°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; fairly faint, round,
25"-30" diameter, fairly even surface brightness with at most weak
concentration. Situated in a poor star field; the nearest brighter star is 9th
mag (
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 707 in 1894 while searching in the region of Copeland's Septet. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 33 59.2 +49 03 43; UMa
V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 95°
17.5" (4/22/95): brightest member of the
Lewis Swift discovered IC 708 = Sw. 9-28 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eF; S; R. 1st of 4 [with IC 709, 711 and 712]."
******************************
IC 709 = MCG +08-21-057 = CGCG 242-049 = PGC 35736
11 34 14.5 +49 02 35; UMa
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.6'
17.5" (4/22/95): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter core. A mag 15 star is just 23" NW of center. Located 2.7' SW of IC 708 in the core of AGC 1314.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 709 = Sw. 9-29 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eeF; S; R. 2nd of 4 [with IC 708, 711 and 712]."
******************************
11 34 27.4 +25 52 35 ; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 0°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.3', low but irregular surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 710 = J. 2-722 on 13 Apr 1893.
******************************
IC 711 = MCG +08-21-062 = CGCG 242-053 = PGC 35780
11 34 46.6 +48 57 22; UMa
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.6'
17.5" (4/22/95): very faint, extremely small, round, 15" diameter. Located 1.0' NE of a mag 14.5/15.5 double star in the core of AGC 1314. On the DSS the fainter "star" is a compact galaxy, IC 712 lies 7.3' N and brightest member IC 708 is 10' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 711 = Sw. 9-30 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; F * close sp. 3rd of 4 [with IC 708, 709 and 712]."
******************************
IC 712 = MCG +08-21-063 = CGCG 242-054 = PGC 35785
11 34 49.3 +49 04 39; UMa
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2
17.5" (4/22/95): fairly faint, small, round, 0.6'
diameter. Even concentration to a
small bright core and stellar nucleus.
Located 1.9' SSW of mag 8.4
Lewis Swift discovered IC 712 = Sw. 9-31 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eeF; S; R; pB * nr nf. 4th of 4 [with IC 708, 709 and 711]."
******************************
11 36 30.3 -09 50 48; Crt
V = 12.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.8
See observing notes for
Francis Leavenworth found IC 714 = LM(S) 430 on 25 Feb 1887. He described it as "little extended 170°, gradually brighter middle nucleus." His micrometric position with respect to Theta Crateris matches NGC 3763 = PGC 35907. This galaxy was discovered by Andrew Common in 1880 and placed fairly accurately but neither Common nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence. So, NGC 3763 = IC 714.
******************************
11 38 51.3 -10 35 01; Crt
V = 13.7; Size 2.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 85°
See observing notes for
Frank Muller found IC 717 = LM(S) 433 on 14 Feb 1888 with
the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He described it as
"1.0'x0.8', extended in pa 90°, dif." With respect to
Andrew Common discovered NGC 3779 in 1860 with his 36"
reflector. With respect to NGC
3775, he noted "another [NGC 3779] 5' nf ". Close to this offset is
******************************
11 39 52.8 +08 52 28; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 0°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x and 224x; very faint, fairly
small, slightly elongated N-S, ~0.6'x0.4', very low even surface
brightness. A mag 14.6 star is
1.6' W and mag 9.0
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 718 = Spitaler 41 on 25 Mar 1892 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
IC 719 = UGC 6633 = Ark 308 = MCG +02-30-008 = CGCG 068-021 = PGC 36205
11 40 18.5 +09 00 36; Vir
V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 52°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 224x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~60"x20". Contains a small, bright core/nucleus. Fairly high surface brightness and surprisingly easy. IC 718 lies 10' SW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 719 = Spitaler 42 on 24 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 42 22.3 +08 46 04; Vir
Size 1.1'x0.6'
28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly faint, fairly small, overall elongated ~2:1 N-S, ~0.8'x0.4'. Resolved into two very small glows with merged outer halos [centers separated by 16"]. The northern galaxy is slightly larger and brighter, ~0.4' diameter, with a quasi-stellar nucleus. The southern component appeared as a faint knot, ~15" diameter.
The IC 720 duo is a member of the small USGC U411 group (z =
.02) with
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 720 = Spitaler 43 on 25 Mar
1892. His position is a good match
with this double system, though apparently he only saw a single object (likely
the brighter northern galaxy). The
CGCG failed to identity
******************************
IC 722 = MCG +02-30-019 = CGCG 068-039 = PGC 36365
11 42 43.8 +08 58 27; Vir
V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 76°
28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~35"x25", low even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is 2' NNE. Located 12.7' WNW of brighter IC 724 in a small group (USGC U411).
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 722 = Spitaler 44, along with IC 724, on 25 Mar 1892. His position is poor because he misidentified his offset star according to Harold Corwin, but his description clearly pins down the correct galaxies.
******************************
IC 724 = UGC 6695 = MCG +02-30-022 = CGCG 068-045 = PGC 36450
11 43 34.7 +08 56 33; Vir
V = 12.8; Size 2.3'x0.9'; PA = 60°
28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly bright, fairly large, oval 5:2 SW-NE, ~1.3'x0.5'. Contains a prominent elongated core and very small bright nucleus.
IC 724 is the brightest in a small group (USGC U411) with IC 722 12.7' WNW. CGCG 068-038, located 13.5' WSW, appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 724 = Spitaler 45, along with IC 722, on 25 Mar 1892. His position is poor because he misidentified his offset star according to Harold Corwin, but his description clearly pins down the correct galaxies.
******************************
11 44 28.6 +10 47 02; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 1.6'x0.25'; PA = 161°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; very faint, very thin
low surface brightness streak, ~8:1 NNW-SSE, brighter core, ~0.8'x0.1'. A mag 8
star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 727 = J. 1-201 on 23 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 45 35.2 +03 13 54; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 35°
24" (4/15/23): at 229x and 375x; fairly faint, small, elongated at least 3:2 SW-NE, 20"-24" length
48" (4/16/15): at 488x; moderately bright, fairly
small, oval 3:2 or 5:3 SW-NE, 0.5'x0.3', small bright core, fairly high surface
brightness. A mag 16.3 star is off
the southeast side [27" from center]. An extremely faint "star" was noted off the
northwest side [25" from center].
After later checking the SDSS, I discovered this is a compact galaxy
(
17.5" (4/9/99): faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25" diameter, no concentration. Visible steadily with direct vision. A mag 15 star lies 1.6' SSW. This galaxy is identified as IC 730 (good position from Javelle) in several sources.
Stephane Javelle found IC 730 = J. 2-728 on 22 Mar 1893 with
the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches
Several catalogues, as well as HyperLEDA, label this galaxy as IC 730 only due to the poor NGC position. See Harold Corwin's identification notes.
******************************
11 45 18.1 +49 34 14; UMa
V = 15.4; Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 83°
24" (5/20/20): very faint, small, round, low surface
brightness, no distinct shape (too faint), ~20" diameter.
The UGC galaxy is probably more likely to be Swift's IC 731
than
Lewis Swift discovered IC 731 = Sw. 9-32 on 11 May 1890 and reported "vF; vS; R." There is nothing at his position but 43 seconds of RA west is MCG +08-21-096, which most sources identify as IC 731, though not MCG. This galaxy is faint enough that Swift would have likely called it "eeF" or even "eeeF".
Yann Pothier proposed that IC 731 may be UGC 6726, which is
a much brighter galaxy, but off by +52 seconds in RA and -9 arcminutes in
Dec. Corwin lists this as a
slightly more likely possibility (colons). Finally, IC 731 could be a duplicate of
Based on the low surface brightness and small size of MCG +08-21-096, I feel Swift would have described this galaxy as "eeF" instead of "vF". So, I believe that UGC 6726 is more likely the correct object despite being off in both RA and Dec.
******************************
11 45 59.8 +20 26 20; Leo
V = 14.7; Size 0.8'x0.5+0.5'x0.2'
17.5" (2/20/88): very faint, very small, very
elongated. Located 4' NW of
brighter
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 732 = Big. 165 on 29 Mar 1886. Harold Corwin notes there are two galaxies very near Bigourdan's position and he may have glimpsed both of them.
******************************
11 48 20.1 +12 42 59; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1
48" (4/19/15): at 488x;
17.5" (3/8/97): HCG 59B is the fainter of two visible in HCG 59 and located 1.9' WSW of IC 737 = HCG 59A. Very faint, small, round, 20" diameter. With averted vision, the halo is closer to 30" (similar to IC 736) but the surface brightness is slightly lower.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 736 = J. 1-203, along with IC
737, on 23 Apr 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position correspond
with HCG 59B = CGCG 068-068 and
IC 736 = HCG 59B = MCG +02-30-037 = CGCG 068-068 = PGC 36853
IC 737 = HCG 59A = MCG +02-30-039 = CGCG 068-070 = PGC 36861
******************************
IC 737 = HCG 59A = MCG +02-30-039 = CGCG 068-070 = [Rose 7] = WBL 358-002 = PGC 36861
11 48 27.5 +12 43 38; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 0.6'x0.5'
48" (4/19/15): at 488x; moderately bright, small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0. 4', contains a small bright core. IC 737 = HCG 59A is the brightest
member of HCG 59 with IC 736 = HCG 59B 1.9' WSW,
HCG 59D = MCG +02-30-040 (often misidentified as IC 737) is
faint, fairly small, diffuse, no core or zones, very low surface
brightness. It is squeezed between
HCG 59A 0.8' W and a mag 13.5-14 star 0.6' SE.
17.5" (3/8/97): faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~WNW-ESE (difficult to pin down orientation). Appears slightly brighter than similar HCG 59B 1.9' WSW. A mag 13.5 star follows by 1.3'.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 737 = J. 1-204, along with IC 736, on 23 Apr 1892. See identification notes for IC 736.
******************************
11 50 38.9 +55 21 13; UMa
V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x2.6'; Surf Br = 14.5
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 740 = Sw. 9-33 on 8 May 1890 and reported "eeF; pL; iR; 3916-3921 in field." This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel in 1789. Both positions are close enough to each other, that I'm surprised neither Swift nor Dreyer noted the possible equivalence.
******************************
11 51 02.3 +20 47 59; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; faint, small, round, low surface brightness, 0.6' diameter. A mag 10.8 star is 4.4' SW.
24" (6/3/19): at 260x; faint, fairly small, round,
40" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness with just a slightly
brighter nucleus. Located 27' SW
of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 742 = Sw. 8-60 on 22 Apr 1889 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; pB * sp". His position is 6 seconds of RA too far west (within his usual errors) and the description matches.
******************************
11 58 34.0 +42 44 03; UMa
V = 12.4; Size 2.3'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 150°
24" (5/11/13): moderately bright, large, slightly
elongated ~N-S, 1.3'x1.1', diffuse appearance with an ill-defined halo due to
low surface brightness around periphery.
But the surface brightness is irregular or mottled with a very small,
slightly brighter nucleus and an impression of spiral structure. Forms a contrasting pair with
13.1" (3/17/86): fairly faint, moderately large, diffuse glow, no central brightening, slightly elongated NNW-SSE. Forms a pretty pair with IC 750 3.3' E. Located 3.0' NE of mag 8.6 SAO 43979.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 749 = Spitaler 46, along with
IC 750, on 22 Apr 1892 using the 27-inch Grubb refractor at the Vienna
Observatory. A month later he found (or first measured)
******************************
IC 750 = UGC 6973 = MCG +07-25-010 = KTG 40B = Holm 313b = LGG 269-003 = PGC 37719
11 58 52.2 +42 43 21; UMa
V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 41°
24" (5/11/13): bright, fairly large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 1.5'x0.5', well concentrated with a bright, elongated core that gradually increases to the center. A mag 16 star lies 1' S of center. Forms an usual 3.4' pair with IC 749, which is a Sc face-on with a much lower surface brightness. Mag 8.9 HD 103954 lies 5.5' WSW. IC 751 lies 9' due S. Member of the NGC 4111 group = LGG 269.
13.1" (3/17/86): fairly faint, moderately large, very
elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, brighter along the major axis. Higher surface brightness than IC 749 3.3' W. Mag 8.6
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 750 = Spitaler 47, along with IC 749, on 22 Apr 1892 using the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna Observatory.
******************************
IC 751 = UGC 6972 = MCG +07-25-011 = CGCG 215-011 = KTG 40C = PGC 37721
11 58 52.6 +42 34 13; UMa
V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 30°
24" (5/11/13): fairly faint to moderately bright, very
elongated 7:2 SSW-NNE, 40"x12".
Sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus. Forms a pair with
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 751 = Spitaler 48, along with IC 752, on 18 May 1892 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna Observatory.
******************************
IC 752 = CGCG 215-014 = PGC 37747
11 59 15.0 +42 34 01; UMa
V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.45'
24" (5/11/13): faint to fairly faint, small, round, fairly low even surface brightness, 20" diameter. Fainter of a pair with IC 751 4.1' W.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 752 = Spitaler 49, along with IC 751, on 18 May 1892 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna Observatory.
******************************
11 59 23.6 -01 39 16; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 0.95'x0.75'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 19°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint, round, 0.4' diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located just 0.8' E of a mag 10.6 star and a slightly brighter mag 10.0 star is 3' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 754 = J. 2-739 on 22 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
12 01 10.3 +14 06 16; Com
V = 13.2; Size 2.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 145°
24" (5/20/20): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, excellent very thin edge-on! Extended ~10:1 NW-SE, ~80"x8", bright core, tapers at tips. A mag 10.1 star is 5.6' SSE.
18" (4/9/05): fairly faint, edge-on NW-SE, 1.0'x0.2',
low even surface brightness. A mag
10 star is 5.5' SE and 2' ENE of this star is
Lewis Swift discovered IC 755 = Sw. 8-61 on 20 Apr 1889 and
reported "eeF; S; E; bet. the n 2 of 3 st. forming a large
triangle." His position and
description matches this edge-on.
Harold Corwin identifies
******************************
12 04 00.8 +52 35 18; UMa
V = 12.5; Size 3.3'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 30°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 757 = Big. 166 on 11 Mar 1886. According to Harold Corwin, Bigourdan misidentified a star as NGC 4068 on two nights and "rediscovered" NGC 4068 on 11 Mar 1886, though reversed the direction of his offsets. Dreyer assumed Big. 166 was new, and it was catalogued again as IC 757. But once the error is corrected, IC 757 = NGC 4068.
NED and SIMBAD equate IC 757 with NGC 4068, though CGCG, UGC, MCG and PGC and SIMBAD only gave the single identity NGC 4068.
******************************
12 04 11.9 +62 30 19; UMa
V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 9°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately to fairly large, round, 1.2' diameter?, low surface brightness, slightly brighter core that occasionally appears as a bar oriented SW-NE. Located 7' E of a mag 9.4 star.
24" (6/3/19): at 200x; fairly faint, moderately large,
over 1' diameter, brighter elongated core, subtle structure in the halo with
slightly brighter sections or arcs.
Located 7' E of mag 9.4
Lewis Swift discovered IC 758 = Sw. 7-18 on 17 Apr 1888 and
reported "eeF; pS; R; bet. 2 distant st., one a coarse D[ouble]; ee
diff." The "coarse
D[ouble star]" is ~5' N. CGCG
didn't label
******************************
12 05 53.5 -29 17 32; Hya
V = 12.5; Size 1.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 148°
18" (5/28/06): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 0.8'x0.3', broad concentration to a slightly bulging center. A group of faint stars lies ~5' N and another group with a couple of brighter mag 11 stars is SW. A faint 20" pair of mag 14/15 stars is 1.5' SW.
Ormond Stone discovered IC 760 = LM(S) 464 on 3 Jan 1889 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. His description reads "rr (highly resolved?), brighter in the middle, stellar nucleus", with a magnitude of 15.0 and a diameter of 0.2'. The discovery was published in the observatory's catalogue of Southern Nebulae (Vol 1, Part 6, 1893). Howe, in his visual survey of IC objects, noted there was "either a star of mag 14 at 150°, or the nebula is elongated in that direction." The latter is correct. DeLisle Stewart found this galaxy again on an Arequipa plate in 1899, measured the position, and noted "F, S, R. bM."
******************************
12 08 12.0 +25 45 26; Com
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 144°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, 30"x24", very small brighter nucleus. A mag 12 star is 2.5' SE. Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 762 = J. 2-741, along with IC 763, on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 763 = MCG +04-29-035 = CGCG 128-038 = PGC 38525
12 08 15.3 +25 48 41; Com
Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 86°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, ~20"x15". A mag 14.8 star is 40" NE. Forms a pair (same redshift) as slightly brighter IC 762 3.4' SSW. Member of the USGC U458 group at 325 million l.y.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 763 = J. 2-742, along with IC 762, on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
12 11 02.7 +12 06 14; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 0.85'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 75°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; almost moderately bright, fairly
small, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~25"x20", fairly high surface
brightness, very small brighter nucleus that increases to an occasional stellar
nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 767 = J. 1-209, along with IC
768 and
******************************
IC 768 = UGC 7192 = MCG +02-31-044 = CGCG 069-075 = PGC 38848
12 11 47.6 +12 08 37; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 112°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, low but uneven surface brightness, slightly brighter elongated core, ~0.6'x0.3'. A mag 11.3 star is 1.5' SE. IC 767 lies 11' WSW and IC 769 is 11' ESE. IC 768 lies in the background (twice the redshift).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 768 = J. 1-210, along with IC 767 and IC 769, on 1 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 769 = UGC 7209 = MCG +02-31-047 = CGCG 069-083 = LGG 285-005 = PGC 38916
12 12 32.3 +12 07 26; Vir
V = 13.0; Size 2.5'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 40°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly large, oval
3:2 SW-NE, 1.5'x1.0', very diffuse, broad weak concentration with an elongated
core or bar. IC 768 lies 11'
W. Member of LGG 285, a large
Virgo group with brightest member
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 769 = Spitaler 19 = J. 1-211 on 24 Dec 1891. His position is accurate. Javelle rediscovered this galaxy the following year on April 1, 1892 along with discoveries of IC 767 and 768.
******************************
12 15 13.2 +13 11 04; Vir
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 92°
48" (4/27/22): at 488x; moderately bright, slightly
elongated 4:3 E-W, ~40"x30", contains a small bright core. A mag 16 star is 0.5' W. Located 10' WNW of
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 771 on 1 Apr 1891 while
measuring the position of
******************************
12 18 08.1 +06 08 22; Vir
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 0°
24" (4/28/14): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
20" diameter, gradually incr to the center. Located 19' WNW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 773 = J. 2-744 on 4 May 1893 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory and recorded "F, vS, dif, 2 vF st inv." His position is accurate.
******************************
12 19 03.2 +08 51 20; Vir
V = 13.8; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 98°
17.5" (5/14/88): faint, moderately large, diffuse,
slightly elongated. Forms the
northern vertex of two stars mag 10/11 to south. Pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 776 = J. 2-746 on 4 May 1893.
******************************
12 19 23.8 +28 18 36; Com
V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 140°
17.5" (4/9/99): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.4', little if any concentration. The compact cluster Shkh 202 is ~8' NE! (6 faint members close to a mag 6.7 star located 11' NE viewed).
17.5" (5/23/98): faint, small, round, 30"
diameter. Picked up 9' N of 9 Com
(V = 6.3). At 280x, elongated 3:2
NNW-SSE, PA ~160°, 0.8'x0.5', very weak concentration. Located 18' NE of
Truman Safford discovered IC 777 = Sf. 18 on 14 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and simply noted "vF". His RA is 9 seconds too large.
******************************
12 14 22.0 +56 00 42; UMa
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 130°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 778 = Sw. 7-19 on 3 Apr 1888 and noted
"eF, pS, R, bet 2 st in meridian [N-S], n. one = 13 mag." There is nothing at his position. It's possible IC 778 = MCG +09-20-146,
though this galaxy is 10' north of Swift's position and 40 seconds of RA east,
so it's off in both directions.
Although
But Harold Corwin found that if Swift made an error of exactly 5 minutes in RA (too large), then his position matches NGC 4198, which also is bracketed by two stars (oriented NNW-SSE). The only uncertainty is why did Swift mention the "north one = 13 mag", when the southern star is the brighter one? Still, this identification is more likely than MCG +09-20-146.
******************************
12 19 58.4 +25 46 18; Com
V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x1.2'; PA = 7°
24" (5/30/16): moderately bright, fairly small,
elongated 5:3 N-S, ~35"x20", brighter along the major axis. Located 10' W of HJ 517 = 9.1/12.5 at
20", 14' SSW of mag 6.1
William Herschel discovered IC 780 = J. 2-747 on 6 Apr 1785
(sweep 393). He recorded
"suspected, but probably a deception of two close stars." Caroline's reduction lands just 1.3' NE
of this galaxy, so the identification is certain, although he didn't confirm
the observation and it wasn't included in his published catalogues. Wolfgang Steinicke included this
observation of IC 780 in his "Herschel Special" objects file. IC 780 was the first of six IC galaxies
that Herschel discovered while sweeping with his 18.7" that were not
catalogued, generally because of uncertainty. In addition
Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 13 Apr 1893 and was credited in the IC.
******************************
12 20 03.3 +14 57 41; Com
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 45°
17.5" (5/23/87): very faint, small, round, diffuse,
very weakly concentrated core. A
mag 15 star is off the north end 30" from center. Located 2.0' ESE of a mag 10 star. Form a pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 781 = Big. 172 on 10 May 1888.
******************************
12 21 36.9 +05 45 56; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 1.4'x0.6'; PA = 59°
24" (4/28/14): fairly faint, small, round, 18"
(core), weak concentration to center.
I missed the low surface brightness outer extensions WSW-ENE. A mag 13.4 star is 0.6' S of
center. This galaxy is a little
brighter than
Auguste Voigt discovered IC 782 = Voigt 4a = J. 1-212 on 27 Apr 1865 with the 31-inch silver-on-glass reflector at the Marseilles observatory. His RA was accurate but the declination was off by 2'. None of Voigt's discoveries were published due to his positions not being determined accurately enough.
Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 782 on 17 Mar 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory and recorded "eF, S, R." His position is just off the west side of the galaxy.
******************************
12 21 38.8 +15 44 42; Com
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x1.0'; PA = 141°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint,
very slightly elongated ~E-W, 40" diameter, low but slightly uneven surface
brightness. Appears fainter than
the listed magnitude. Forms the
northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 12.3 star 3' SE and a mag 13.4 star
2.4' SW. Situated 19' WSW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 783 = Sw. 7-20 on 6 Apr 1888 and
reported "eF; S; R; nearly between 2 st. east and west;
******************************
12 22 30.1 -04 39 10; Vir
V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 109°
14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x and 226x; faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 ~E-W, ~50"x20", low pretty even surface brightness. A mag 9.7 star is 3' S and a mag 13 star is a similar distance W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 784 = Sw. 8-62 on 25 Mar 1889 and recorded "vF; pL; vE; pB * s[outh]." His position was ~5' too far north. In his survey of IC objects around 1900, Howe measured an accurate position, noted the elongation of the galaxy was E-W and the "pB * s" was a mag 8.5 star 2.9' S.
******************************
12 25 25.1 +16 07 27; Com
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5" (5/23/87): very faint, small, round. Located 3' S of a mag 10 star and 11'
WSW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 787 = Sw. 7-21 on 7 Apr 1888 and logged "eF; pS; R; B * n; 4405 following."
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12 26 07.1 +16 10 52; Com
V = 12.0; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 20°
See observing notes for NGC 4405.
Stephane Javelle found IC 788 = J. 2-748 on 19 May 1893. His offsets point directly to NGC 4405. The IC description mentions "II. 88 [NGC 4405] south", but Javelle doesn't mention NGC 4405 in his description, so as Harold Corwin notes, this must have been added by Dreyer based on the position.
******************************
12 26 35.5 +09 02 07; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 94°
24" (6/4/16): at 225x; fairly faint, small, elonagated
3:2 E-W, 24"x16", very small brighter nucleus. Third of three in an interconnected
quartet with
17.5" (3/24/90): very faint, very small, elongated
E-W. Forms a pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 790 = Big. 173 on 6 Apr 1888, very near NGC 4410.
******************************
12 26 59.5 +22 38 22; Com
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'
14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; fairly faint, round, 25"-30" diameter, broad weak concentration. A 7' string of 4 mag 12.5-15.0 stars oriented N-S is directy SW.
Truman Safford discovered IC 791 = Sf. 26 on 6 Jun 1866. His position is accurate.
******************************
12 28 16.0 +09 26 11; Vir
V = 12.8; Size 2.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 106°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 793 = Sw. 8-63 on 6 May 1888 and
recorded "eF; S; eE; 3 others in field." His position lands 15 seconds of RA west of NGC 4445, and
the description "extremely elongated" fits. The "3 others in field" might apply to
******************************
12 28 08.6 +12 05 36; Vir
V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 103°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; very faint, low surface brightness patch, ~50" diameter, very diffuse with no core or nucleus. Situated between two 8th magnitude stars 6.5' ENE and 8' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 794 = J. 1-215 on 23 Apr 1892. His position is accurate. Schwassmann found it again on a plate taken by Max Wolf and the Konigstuhl-Heidelberg Observatory and reported it as new (Sn 191)
******************************
12 29 26.4 +16 24 17; Com
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 145°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; fairly faint, nearly edge-on 3:1 or 7:2 SW-NE, ~45"x15", small brighter elongated core. Located 17' NE of NGC 4405.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 796 = J. 1-216 on 25 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
12 31 54.8 +15 07 27; Com
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 108°
17.5" (5/23/87): faint, small, slightly elongated ~E-W,
weak concentration. Located 42' N
of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 797 = J. 1-217 on 22 Apr 1892 and recorded "faint, almost round, 30" diameter, gradually bM."
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12 32 33.4 +15 24 55; Com
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (5/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round,
20" diameter. A mag 12.5 star is 2.3' NNE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 798 = J. 1-218 on 22 Apr 1892. His position is ~40" too far north, perhaps due to an error in the offset star.
******************************
12 33 49.9 -07 22 32; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 101°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 799 = Sw. 8-64 on 21 Apr 1889 and reported "eF; eS; R; ? eF * is in contact on p[receding] side." His position is just off the east edge of NGC 4520 and his description fits. William Herschel discovered NGC 4520 = H. III-757 on 20 Mar 1789 (sweep 913) and logged "2 vF stars involved in nebulosity, vF, S." Apparently their positions were just far enough off that neither Swift nor Dreyer realized that IC 799 = NGC 4520.
******************************
IC 800 = UGC 7716 = MCG +03-32-069 = PGC 41763
12 33 56.7 +15 21 17; Com
V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 148°
24" (5/25/22): at 263x; between faint and pretty faint;
slightly elongated NNW-SSE, ~1' diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. IC 798 lies 20' WNW and
17.5" (5/23/87): very faint, diffuse, almost round, even surface brightness. Forms the west vertex of an 8' equilateral triangle with two mag 11-12 stars to the SE and NE. NGC 4540 lies 18' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 800 = J. 1-219 on 22 Apr 1892 and recorded "faint, almost round, 30" diameter, gradually bM."
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12 33 44.9 +52 15 17; CVn
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 55°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, ~0.6' diameter, very small bright nucleus ~5" diameter. A mag 12.4 star is barely off the south edge [30" from center] and a mag 10.4 star is 6' NNW. Situated nearly on the border of CVn and UMa.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 801 = Sw. 9-34 on 23 May 1890 and
reported "eeF; S; R; * close n." His position is a good match with
******************************
12 39 37.5 +16 35 17; Com
Size 0.8'x0.15'; PA = 124°
48" (4/19/15): at 488x and 697x; the core of the eastern component of this interacting double system appeared fairly faint, small, round. A very faint, thin spike (tidal plume or jet) was visible extending ~15" SE. Occasionally a second, very faint stubby tidal tail extended ~10" north-northwest . The entire length of this chaotic galaxy was ~30".
The nucleus of the western component (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 803 = J. 1-220 on 25 Apr 1892 with the 30-inch f/23 refractor at Nice, France. His position is accurate.
******************************
12 41 16.0 -05 00 33; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.5'
17.5" (1/31/87): fairly faint, very small, round, small
bright core, slightly elongated.
Fourth of four in a group (USGC S181); 12' NE of
17.5" (2/28/87): appears slightly elongated.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 804 = Sw. 7-22 on 3 Apr 1888 and logged "vF; vS; R."
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12 41 25.4 +13 43 46; Com
V = 14.3; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 126°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 805 = Sw. 8-65 on 20 Apr 1889 and reported "vF; pL; R; 2 pB stars n and nf." His position is about 8 seconds of RA west of NGC 4611 = UGC 7849, but close enough that I'm surprised that neither Swift nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence. Dorothy Carlson and Roger Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 equate NGC 4611= IC 805 although UGC, MCG, CGCG, PGC and HyperLeda only use the NGC 4611 designation and ignore IC 805..
******************************
12 42 08.4 -17 20 58; Crv
Size 1.2'x0.9'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, elongated
4:3 ~N-S, 35" diameter. A mag 11.4 star is 1' SW and interferes with the
view. IC 806 is the fainter of a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 806 = J. 1-221, along with IC 807, on 25 May 1892. His position is accurate.
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IC 807 = MCG -03-32-020 = PGC 42635
12 42 12.5 -17 24 13; Crv
Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, 30"-35" diameter. Forms a pair with IC 807 3.4' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 807 = J. 1-222, along with IC 806, on 25 May 1892. His position is accurate.
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12 42 08.7 +11 45 15; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'
48" (4/19/17): at 697x; moderately to fairly bright,
fairly large, slightly elongated 5:4 NW-SE, contains a large brighter core but
no nucleus, and a low surface brightness outer halo ~50"x40". A mag 10.9 star is 1.2' SSW. Picked up 6.6' NNE of
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, fairly even surface brightness. Situated 1.2' NNE of an 11th magnitude star and 6.5' NNE of M59.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 809 = Sw. 7-23 on 6 May 1888 and
recorded "eF; pS; R; bet. 2 st.; all 3 point to 4621 [M59]." His position is 1' SW of
******************************
12 42 09.1 +12 35 48; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 167°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; faint, fairly small, the
central region is ~25"x15" NNW-SSE with a weak concentration. The
outer extension have a very low surface brightness and extend
45"x15".
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, edge-on 5:1
NNW-SSE, ~1.0'x0.2', pretty even surface brightness except for a very small or
stellar nucleus. A 30" pair
of mag 11.7/12.6 stars is 5' SE.
This Virgo cluster member is located 21' S of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 810 = Sw. 7-24 on 6 May 1888 and reported "eF; pS; eE." His position and description fits.
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12 44 47.1 -10 11 52; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 170°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 811 = Big. 176 on 13 May
1888. His position matches NGC
4663, discovered by Tempel in 1883.
Tempel's position was only roughly placed 8' south-following
******************************
12 44 50.9 -04 26 06; Vir
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 118°
24" (5/25/22): at 375x; between pretty faint and moderately bright, slightly elongated E-W, 0.5'x0.4', fairly weak concentration with brighter nucleus. A mag 13.8 star is 1.5' SE and a trapezoid containing 3 mag 11-12 stars is ~4' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 812 = J. 2-752 on 15 May 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
12 45 11.8 +23 02 10; Com
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 21°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint (visible continuously), round, 25" diameter, sharp concentration with a very small bright nucleus. A faint star is at the NW edge. Situated between a mag 11.7 star 3.9' WNW and a mag 13.5 star 2.2' ESE.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 813 = Spitaler 20 on 6 Apr
1891. His micrometric position is
accurate. The UGC and MCG
incorrectly equate this galaxy with
******************************
12 45 34.1 -08 05 30; Vir
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.3'; PA = 171°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~0.4'x0.2'. Situated just east of the midpoint of the line connecting mag 10.1 HD 110873 4.9' NW and a mag 11.3 star 4.7' SSE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 814 = J. 2-753 on 10 May
1893. His position is
accurate. HyperLEDA and SIMBAD
fail to identify
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12 46 22.7 +11 52 36; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 13' SW of 6th magnitude 34 Virginis.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 815 = J. 1-223 on 23 Apr
1892. His position is accurate,
though I'm surprised he missed MCG +02-33-017 to the northeast.
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12 46 46.3 +09 51 02; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 35°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
oval 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", very small brighter core (round) that
increases to a slightly brighter quasi-stellar nucleus. Slightly brighter of a pair with
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, small, round,
25", very small brighter nucleus, moderately low surface brightness. Similar to IC 817 2.7' ENE. Located 20' NNE of mag 5.7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 816 = Sw. 7-25, along with IC 817, on 5 May 1888 and reported "eeeF; vS; R; * with F companion nf; np of 2." The last comment should read "sp of 2". The "* with faint companion" may refer to a wide pair 6' NE, which is closer to IC 817.
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IC 817 = IC 3764 = MCG +02-33-020 = CGCG 071-039 = PGC 43126
12 46 56.8 +09 51 26; Vir
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.55'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. Visible continuously but fairly low surface brightness. Fainter of a pair with IC 816 2.7' WSW.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, contains a very small brighter core. Slightly smaller than similar IC 816 2.7' WSW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 817 = Sw. 7-26, along with IC 816, on 5 May 1888 and reported "eeF; vS; R; sf of 2 [with IC 816]. Although his positions are pretty good, IC 817 is north-following of IC 816, not south-following as Swift stated. Corwin suggests that Swift may have mixed up his descriptions as this galaxy is the fainter one and has a wide pair to the northeast.
Schwassmann found this galaxy again on a Heidelberg plate
taken 20 Feb 1900 and reported Sn. 149 (later
******************************
12 46 44.6 +29 44 07; Com
V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 47°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, very
elongated 3:1 or 4:1 SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.15'.
This galaxy has a much higher surface brightness than
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 818 = Spitaler 50, along with IC 821, on 19 Mar 1892. His position and description ("Somewhat irregularly round nebula, 1/4' to 1/2' compact center. 2.5' northeast is a mag 12 star. Discovered on 19 March 1892." is a perfect match, though he called this edge-on galaxy "round".
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12 46 10.1 +30 43 55; Com
V = 13.7; Size 2.3'x0.5'; PA = 179°
82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; the tidal tail north of IC 819 (NNW member of the interacting "Mice" (NGC 4676)) was very prominent as a direct vision streak, extending at least as far as the mag 17.3 star situated 1.6' due north of the center of the galaxy.
48" (4/6/13): IC 819 is the NNW component of a
fascinating interacting pair with
24" (5/22/17): IC 819 = NGC 4676A is the slightly fainter northwest component of the interacting "Mice" duo. At 375x it appeared faint to fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 15" diameter. The tidal tail was easily seen as a straight thin extension due north, so the combined galaxy/tail extended ~60"x10". The tail has only a slightly lower surface brightness than the "head" (core of the galaxy).
17.5" (4/28/89): the northwest member (IC 819) of the interacting pair "The Mice" appeared faint, small, low surface brightness, elongated N-S.
Rudolph Spitaler resolved IC 819 and 820, the two components
of the "Mice", on 20 Mar 1892 using the 27" Grubb refractor at
Vienna. His position is exactly 1
min of RA too far east, so he made a digit error in computing or copying the
position. Gerard de Vaucouleurs
used the letter suffixes
******************************
IC 820 = NGC 4676B = Arp 242 NED2 = VV 224b = UGC 7939 = MCG +05-30-077 = CGCG 159-072S = Holm 459a = PGC 43065 = The Mice
12 46 11.2 +30 43 22; Com
V = 13.6; Size 2.0'x0.8'; PA = 2°
82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; the tidal tail to the south of IC 820 was only seen as a very low surface brightness glow without any definite structure.
48" (4/6/13): IC 820 is the slightly brighter SSE
component of
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; IC 820 = NGC 4676 is the slightly brighter southeast member of the interacting Mice duo. It appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, very small brighter nucleus, 20" diameter. With averted vision the there was a strong hint of haze on the south side, but its tidal tail wasn't seen. The core of IC 819 is close northwest [38" between centers].
17.5" (4/28/89): this is the southeast member of the interacting pair dubbed "The Mice". This object is the brighter of the pair and appears faint, small, round with a small bright core. In contact with NGC 4676A at the northwest edge.
Rudolph Spitaler resolved IC 819 and 820, the two components of the "Mice", on 20 Mar 1892 using the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His position is exactly 1 min of RA too far east, so he made a digit error in computing the position. Gerard de Vaucouleurs used the letter suffixes NGC 4676A and 4676B in the 1956 "Survey of Bright Galaxies South of -35° Declination", based on Mt Stromlo plates, and the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".
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IC 821 = UGC 7957 = MCG +05-30-083 = CGCG 159-076 = PGC 43161
12 47 26.2 +29 47 16; Com
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; almost fairly faint, round, 30"-35" diameter, low even surface brightness. This face-on spiral could be held continuously with averted vision. Several mag 11-13.5 stars are scattered to the SE. IC 821 forms a pair with IC 818 9.6' SW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 821 = Spitaler 53, along with IC 818, on 19 Mar 1892. His description reads, "Round nebulous ball of 1.5' diameter, gradually brighter towards the middle. Two brighter stars stand south of the nebula, following a bit." His position was accurate.
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12 47 45.6 +30 04 38; Com
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (5/31/22): at 263x and 327x; faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, low surface brightness, occasional stellar nucleus. A mag 12 star is 5.5' E and another mag 12 star (brightest in a collinear trio) is 6' N.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 822 = Spitaler 54 on 18 Mar 1892.
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12 49 41.9 -04 34 46; Vir
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 85°
18" (4/30/11): faint, but easily picked as a small glow, elongated 3:2 E-W, 25"x15". A mag 15 star lies 30" ESE of center. I kept having the impression that I was resolving a very faint star or nearly stellar galaxy that was attached and the SDDS image reveals this is a double system (oreinted E-W) with two nuclei encased in a common halo, comfirming my impression.
Stephane Javelle found IC 824 = J. 2-754 on 15 May 1893 and
reported, "pB, elongated E-W, moderately large, appears to have two
centers of condensation."
This galaxy appears to be a merged system and Javelle noticed the twin
nuclei. Leavenworth's position for
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12 50 19.2 -05 21 47; Vir
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 79°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x and 260x; extremely to very
faint, very small, roundish, 15" diameter. Located 6' SW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 825 = Sw. 7-27 on 6 May 1888 and
reported "eeeF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 st. east and west; 2nd of 3; [NGC]
4705, 4718 near." His
position is just 1.3' SW of
******************************
12 51 19.9 +31 03 35; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, round, 25"-30" diameter. Increasing to 375x; the center was occasionally brighter and elongated, suggesting a bar. A mag 11 star is 4' S.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 826 = Spitaler 55 on 20 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
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12 51 55.0 +16 16 57; Com
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 103°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint but not difficult, fairly
small, elongated 3:2 E-W, 30"x20", low surface brightness, very weak
concentration. Mag 14 stars are 2' W and 3' SW. IC 827 lies 12' NW of mag 6.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 827 = J. 1-224 on 19 May 1892. His position is ~1' too far southwest, but the identification is certain.
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12 52 27.4 -15 31 07; Crv
V = 13.7; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 11.9
18" (5/28/06): very faint, very small, round, 15"
diameter. This member of
18" (4/29/06): brightest in small trio within AGC
1631. Appeared fairly faint,
fairly small, small bright core.
Initially appeared elongated 2:1 E-W though in moments of better seeing
in poor conditions, it appeared double with a knot (MCG -02-33-036) resolved at
the west edge. Located 8.8' SW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 829 = Big. 178 on 13 May 1888. MCG and PGC misidentify MCG -02-33-038 as IC 829.
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12 51 16.4 +53 41 43; UMa
V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 164°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, 30"x20", broad concentration to a small brighter core and nucleus.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; moderately bright, fairly small,
the core is bright, slightly elongated, 15" diameter, increases to a
stellar nucleus. The N-S extensions
are much fainter and increase size to 30"x15". Member of a group (LGG 300) that
includes
Lewis Swift discovered IC 830 = Sw. 9-35 on 8 Jun 1890 and reported "vF; vS; lE; stellar." His position was 1.6' too far southeast.
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12 52 44.1 +26 28 13; Com
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 96°
24" (5/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly
elongated E-W, 25"x20", low nearly even surface brightness. A mag 10.6 star is 3.3' S and mag 9.3
Rudolf Spitaler discovered IC 831 = Spitaler 56, along with a rediscovery of IC 832, on 25 Feb 1892.
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IC 832 = MCG +05-30-119 = CGCG 159-105 = PGC 43848
12 53 59.1 +26 26 39; Com
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. A 27" pair of mag 12 stars is 2' NW and roughly "point" to the galaxy. IC 831 lies 17' WNW.
Truman Safford discovered IC 832 = Sf. 22 = Spitaler 57 on 16 May 1866, though the discovery wasn't published until 1887. Rudolph Spitaler found it again at Vienna on 24 Feb 1892. He noted a beautiful double star to the northeast, but the correct direction is northwest.
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12 56 36.1 -06 49 04; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35°
17.5" (5/17/90): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Located 11' NE of a mag 9.5 star.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 833 = Sw. 8-66 on 25 Mar 1889 and
reported "vF; S; R."
Close to his position is an extremely faint galaxy (
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12 56 18.6 +26 21 32; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 95°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, 25"x20", fairly high surface brightness, stellar
nucleus.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 834 = Spitaler 58, along with IC 835, 837 and 838, on 24 Feb 1892. His description reads, "Faint nebula, but slightly brighter than Nova 57 [IC 832], 45" diameter, star-like nucleus.". His position was ~1.5' too far south (same error as IC 835), so there was likely an error in the position of his offset star.
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IC 835 = MCG +05-31-021 = CGCG 160-032 = PGC 44200
12 56 52.3 +26 29 16; Com
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; between faint and fairly faint,
fairly small, roundish, 24", very slightly brighter nucleus. This member of
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 835 = Spitaler 59, along with IC 834, 837 and 838, on 24 Feb 1892. He described the IC 835, 837 pair as "Two pale, round nebulae of 30" diameter."
******************************
12 55 54.0 +63 36 44; Dra
V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x0.25'; PA = 73°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, thin edge-on, ~6:1 WSW-ENE, even surface brightness, except for a small brighter core. A mag 12 star is close off the east tip of the galaxy. A 14th mag star is nearly attached to the north edge, a bit west of the core. A mag 9.9 star is 7' due south.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; very interesting edge-on! This galaxy is very thin, ~8:1 WSW-ENE,
~60"x8", tapers at tips.
It extends directly west of a mag 12.4 star and a 14th mag star is just
off the NW flank. Located 39' W of mag 6.0
Lewis Swift discovered IC 836 = Sw. 7-28 on 1 Jun 1888 and reported "eeeF; vS; bet. 2 st 11 and 12 mag p and f close to latter; an eee diff. object." His position is 1.1' too far ENE, which is within his usual errors. This galaxy is not identified as IC 836 in CGCG, MCG, UGC, PGC as well as the online LEDA database.
******************************
IC 837 = MCG +05-31-028 = CGCG 160-041 = PGC 44322
12 57 31.2 +26 30 44; Com
V = 14.7; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 12°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, small, elongated 2:1
~N-S, ~30"x15". This
member of AGC 1656 (Coma Galaxy Cluster) is located 9' ENE of IC 835 and 12' NW
of
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 837 = Spitaler 60, along with IC 834, 835 and 838, on 24 Feb 1892. He described the IC 835, 837 pair as "Two pale, round nebulae of 30" diameter."
******************************
12 58 13.6 +26 25 37; Com
V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.55'
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; very faint, very small, round, low surface brightness, 15" diameter. This outlying member of AGC 1656 is located just 1.8' N of the center of NGC 4849.
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; extremely faint, very small, round, 10" diameter [core region only]. This faint galaxy forms a double with NGC 4849 just 1.8' S.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 838 on 24 Feb 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna, although he confused the main object he reported as new. His description for Nova 61 (actually NGC 4849) reads, "Brightness and appearance like Nova 58. Probably identical with Nova d'Arrest [NGC 4849]. Northeast of this nebula, at 1.5', there is still another nebula, but much fainter; Both together form a pretty double nebula." Dreyer realized that Spitaler 61 referred to NGC 4849, but Spitaler's second fainter nebula to the northeast was catalogued as IC 838.
CGCG mislabels NGC 4849 as IC 838
******************************
12 58 15.0 +28 07 33; Com
V = 15.0; Size 0.45'x0.25'; PA = 84°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, ~15"x10". This member of AGC 1656 (Coma Galaxy Cluster) is located 2' SW of NGC 4851.
Bigourdan discovered IC 839 = Big. 179 on 12 May 1885. His original estimated position in his
4th discovery list in 1891 is ~1.1' SW of the double system
******************************
12 58 42.0 +10 36 59; Vir
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 161°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; pretty faint, round, diffuse,
at most 30" diameter. Forms
the northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 13.3 star 2' SW and a mag 12.8
star 3' SE. Located 10' WSW of mag
8.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 840 = J. 2-756 on 19 May 1893.
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12 59 47.3 +21 48 48; Com
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 150°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, 25"-30" diameter, low irregular surface
brightness. A mag 13.5 star is
2.5' SE. Located 0.7° ENE of
Herbert Couper Wilson discovered IC 841 = W. VI-132, along
with
Max Wolf found the galaxy again on a Heidelberg plate and questioned if object #132 on his 6th list was identical to IC 841. Dreyer gave Wolf's corrected coordinates in the IC 2 Notes. Neither CGCG nor MCG identify their equivalent catalogue entries as IC 841.
******************************
13 00 39.6 +29 01 11; Com
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 57°
18" (4/30/11): faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE,
0.7'x0.45', broad weak concentration with no distinct core or nucleus. Located
13' SW of
Truman Safford discovered IC 842 = Sf. 2 on 3 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory.
******************************
13 01 33.6 +29 07 50; Com
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 134°
18" (4/30/11): fairly faint, very elongated 7:2 NW-SE,
45"x12", contains a very small brighter nucleus. IC 4088 lies 5.6' SSE,
Truman Safford found IC 843 = Sf. 3, along with IC 842, on 3
May 1866. This galaxy was probably
originally discovered by Lawrence Parsons, the 4th Earl of Rosse on 24 Apr 1865
and catalogued as NGC 4913. On the
same observation he discovered NGC 4912, NGC 4916 and IC 4088. Parsons assumed he was observing the
******************************
13 03 18.2 -30 31 16; Cen
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 100°
18" (5/3/11): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly
small, elongated ~2:1 E-W, 30"x15", slightly brighter core. Located 13' W of
18" (3/17/07): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
5:2 ~E-W, 0.8'x0.3', slightly brighter core. In a group with NGC 4936 12' E. A mag 9 star (
Joseph Turner first discovered IC 844 on 20 May 1882 with the 48" Great Melbourne Telescope. Turner mistakenly assumed he was observing NGC 4936, though he noted two discrepancies with Herschel's description. First, he found the "nebula" considerably elongated (the sketch shows E-W), while Herschel described it (NGC 4936) as round. Also, he found a star preceding, while Herschel mentioned a star 6 seconds of time following. His comments and sketch clearly refer to IC 844, instead of NGC 4936. Yann Pothier found this early discovery in July 2020.
Frank Muller rediscovered IC 844 = LM(S) 585 on 13 May 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. His filar micrometer is accurate and was copied into the IC I.
******************************
13 04 57.4 +12 04 45; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 129°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter. A mag 13 star is 3' W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 845 = Sw. 8-67 on 3 May 1889 and
reported "eeeF; S; R; F * nr. p[receding]." There is nothing at his position, though the declination is
given to the nearest minute and marked as uncertain. Junder under 6' WSW of his position is
******************************
13 05 21.1 +23 05 44; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 154°
24" (5/31/22): at 263x and 327x; between faint and fairly faint, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness except for a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 15 "star" is 2.6' W. The SDSS reveals this is a close 2" pair.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 846 = J. 1-225 on 16 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
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13 05 32.2 +53 41 07; UMa
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0
18" (6/27/03): faint, small, slightly elongated,
25"x20", weak concentration to a slightly brighter core and a ver
faint stellar nucleus. In a small,
rich group with
Lewis Swift found IC 847 = Sw. 9-36 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "vF; S; R; bet 2 star. His position matches NGC 4973 and the two stars are 2.6' W and 2' SE. So, NGC 4973 = IC 847. Herbert Howe found NGC 4973 again on 29 Jun 1900 and included it in his 3rd list of new nebulae (#19), assuming NGC 4973 and 4974 were further east. He stated in his notes that 3-19 was near IC 847, so Corwin concludes Howe probably misidentified NGC 4974 as IC 847.
******************************
13 07 38.7 -00 56 33; Vir
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated 5:4 SW-NE?, ~40" diameter. Weak concentration but no distinct core or nucleus. The halo has an ill-defined periphery.
Largest in a group (USGC U516) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 849 = J. 2-757, along with IC 850, on 10 May 1893.
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IC 850 = MCG +00-34-003 = CGCG 016-004 = PGC 45491
13 07 50.2 -00 52 06; Vir
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 68°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 30"x12", low surface brightness, broad weak concentration, no core or nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 849 5' SSW and part of a small group (USGC U516).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 850 = J. 2-758, along with IC 849, on 10 May 1893.
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IC 851 = UGC 8219 = MCG +04-31-009 = CGCG 130-011 = KUG 1306+213 = PGC 45552
13 08 34.3 +21 02 59; Com
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 152°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 40"x20", low even surface brightness.
Édouard Stephan was the first to discover IC 851 on 26 Apr 1878. His rough position was 4' SE, consistent with his other uncorrected errors. Apparently he never measured an accurate position as the discovery wasn't published and he wasn't credited.
Herbert C. Wilson rediscovered IC 851, along with IC 841, on 24/25 Feb 1892 with the 16.2-inch Brashear refractor of the Goodsell Observatory in Minnesota. Wilson found these while searching for Winnecke's Comet and he noted "both are very faint and can only be seen with large telescopes." His position was accurate.
******************************
13 07 36.8 +60 09 26; UMa
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.9; PA = 22°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, round ~30" diameter.
With averted more of the fainter outer halo is visible increasing the
diameter to ~40", and at times the halo seems somewhat elongated. Located 5.6' E of mag 8.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 852 = Sw. 7-29 on 17 Apr 1888 and described this galaxy as "vF; pS; R; B * p[receding]." His position is good. The "bright star" is probably mag 8.3 HD 114057 5.6' W.
******************************
13 08 41.7 +52 46 27; UMa
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.0'
24" (7/23/20): at 260x; fairly faint, round, moderately large, ~0.8' diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter central region and a faint stellar nucleus. Overall the galaxy is diffuse with a fairly low surface brightness. A mag 12.4 star is 3.8' NE.
Edward Swift discovered IC 853 = Sw. 9-37 on 8 Jun
1890. His father Lewis reported
"eeF; pS; R; bet. 2 distant st[ars]." The position is fairly close (1.5' too far southeast) and
the two stars are probably NW and SE.
Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 23 May 1897 and reported Sw.
11-151 (later
******************************
13 09 50.0 +24 34 39; Com
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 122°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, round,
0.4' diameter. A faint mag 15.4
star is 1' SE. A mag 9.7 star is
4.5' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 854 = J. 1-227 on 19 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 10 36.9 -04 29 04; Vir
Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (5/31/22): at 228x and 327x; very faint, small,
round, well defined 25"-30" glow, but very low and uniform surface
brightness. A mag 14.2 star is
1.0' SW. A mag 9.8 star (SAO
139202) is 9' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 855 = J. 2-759 on 15 May 1893. He noted "faint, little extended, ill-defined, very pale. Near a star of mag 13.5 (2.5 seconds later and 40" north of the star). His position and description matches.
******************************
13 10 41.6 +20 32 12; Com
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.2'; PA = 64°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, slightly brighter core, 0.7'x0.2'. Bracketed by two mag 13.5 stars roughly 1.5' NE and 1.5' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 856 = J. 1-228 on 11 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 13 50.2 +17 04 34; Com
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 100°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, ~35"x20", broad weak concentration, irregular
halo. A 25" pair of mag
14.6/14.7 stars is 3' SW. IC 857
is the first in a trio of galaxies (same redshift) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 857 = J. 1-229 on 23 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 858 = UGC 8321 = MCG +03-34-007 = CGCG 101-011 = PGC 46069
13 14 51.9 +17 13 36; Com
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 100°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly in the fairly bright bin;
roundish, high surface brightness core region ~20" diameter, total
diameter 0.5'-0.6' diameter. Forms
a close (interacting) pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 858 = J. 1-230 on 19 May 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 859 = MCG +03-34-008 = CGCG 101-012 = ARK 408 = PGC 46074
13 14 57.3 +17 13 31; Com
V = 14.2; Size 0.65'x0.6'
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, ~20" diameter, fairly high surface brightness. Forms a close (interacting) pair with brighter IC 858 1.3' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 859 = J. 1-231 on 23 Jun 1892. His position is accurate. Perhaps this galaxy was first seen a month earlier when IC 858 was discovered, but not measured until June.
******************************
13 15 03.5 +24 37 08; Com
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 15°
24" (5/31/22): at 263x and 327x; relatively bright for an IC galaxy, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 30"x20", increases to a small bright core and occasional stellar nucleus. A mag 15.3 star is 50" NW and a mag 11 star is 5' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 860 = J. 1-232 on 16 Jun 1892. He noted "faint, round, 10" diameter, mag 14 stellar nucleus." His position is accurate.
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13 17 08.5 +20 41 30; Com
V = 15.3; Size 0.55'x0.25'; PA = 23°
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, ~20"x10". First in a group of 7 IC galaxies with
Lewis Swift probably discovered IC 864 = Sw. 8-68 on 22 Apr
1889 and recorded "eeF; pS R; 1st of 5 [with IC 866, 867, 868 and
870]." His position is 2' SSE
of
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13 17 35.5 -05 50 02; Vir
Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 40°
24" (5/31/22): at 263x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, pretty small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25"-30" diameter. Contains a very small brighter nucleus with an occasional stellar peak. A 20" pair of mag 13.8/14.7 stars is less than 4' NNE, a mag 13 star is 2.5' ENE and a mag 14 star is 1.7' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 865 = J. 2-760 on 15 May
1893. He noted it as "faint,
very small, round, 15" diameter, stellar nucleus." Although his position is accurate,
HyperLEDA doesn't identify
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IC 866 = UGC 8354 = MCG +04-31-019 = CGCG 130-027 = WBL 438-002 = PGC 46279
13 17 16.7 +20 41 28; Com
V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.35'; PA = 33°
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; moderately bright, fairly
small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, weak core/nucleus. In this quick observation I didn't look
for the low surface brightness arm to the southwest. A mag 15.8 star is 0.9' E. Second in a group of 7 IC galaxies (10 total) with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 866 = Sw. 8-69 on 22 Apr 1889 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; 2nd of 5 [with IC 864, 867, 868, 870]." His position is 1.2' W of UGC 8354. Javelle independently discovered the group on 11 Jun 1891 (adding one additional galaxy) and measured pretty accurate positions that were used in the IC.
******************************
13 17 19.8 +20 38 17; Com
V = 13.9; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 18°
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly bright, round,
moderately large , ~0.8' diameter.
Contains a faint stellar nucleus embedded in an elongated core or bar
oriented NW-SE. This is the
largest galaxy in the group (WBL 438 = RSCG 69), although the halo has a very
low surface brightness. IC 866
lies 3.3' N,
Forms a close pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 867 = Sw. 8-70 on 22 Apr 1889 and
recorded "eeF; pS; R; 3rd of 5." He also noted in his description of IC 870 that "4 pB
st. in a curve sf points to the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th." His position is 1.3' S of
******************************
IC 868 = MCG +04-31-021 = CGCG 130-028 = WBL 438-003 = PGC 46281
13 17 28.5 +20 36 44; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 10°
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, 18" diameter, contains a very small bright core with a stellar nucleus. In a group with IC 870 0.9' SE and LEDA 1632104 0.6' NE. IC 867, 2.6' NW, is collinear with IC 868 and 870. LEDA 1632104 appeared faint, very small, slightly elongated, ~10"x7".
Lewis Swift discovered IC 868 = Sw. 8-71 on 22 Apr 1889 and
recorded "eeF; pS; R; 4th of 5; D[ouble] with 5th [IC 869]." His position is 2' too far SW, but the
comment "double with IC 869" as well as his description for IC 869
clearly points to
******************************
13 17 29.9 +20 41 03; Com
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; IC 869 was resolved into a very close pair of galaxies (33" separation NW-SE). IC 869 NED1, the brighter northwest component, appeared fairly faint to moderately bright (V = 15.0), fairly small, round, 15" diameter. IC 869 NED2, the fainter southeast component, appeared fairly faint, small, round, 10" diameter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 869 = J. 1-239 on 11 Jun 1891. A faint pair of galaxies, separated by 34" NW-SE, is at his position. The position here is on the brighter NW galaxy. HyperLeda doesn't recognize either of these galaxies as IC 869. Wolfgang Steinicke misclassifies this object as a star, although it is clearly nonstellar on the SDSS.
******************************
IC 870 = MCG +04-31-022 = CGCG 130-029 = WBL 438-004 = PGC 46286
13 17 30.9 +20 36 01; Com
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 50°
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 SW-NE, at least 0.5'x0.3', small bright core. Last in a group of IC galaxies with IC 868 0.9' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 870 = Sw. 8-72 on 22 Apr 1889 and
recorded "eeeF; vS; R; 5th of 5; 4 pB st. in a curve sf point to the 1st,
3rd, 4th and 5th." Although
his position was 2' too far WSW, the identification with
******************************
13 17 58.7 +04 24 12; Vir
V = 13.4; Size 1.7'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 70°
24" (5/11/13): first and largest in a trio (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 871 = J. 2-761, along with IC 873 and 876, on 5 Jun 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
13 17 01.6 +06 21 25; Vir
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 117°
24" (6/21/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~40"x35", broad concentration with a brighter middle but no distinct core. A faint mag 15.4/16.2 pair at 12" separation (cleanly resolved) is 1.2' ESE.
24" (6/16/20): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 30" diameter, slightly brighter core. A mag 15.4 star is 1.2' ESE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 872 = Sw. 10-21, along with IC
877, 878 and 880, on 28 Apr 1891 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; little brighter
middle; 1st of 5; 5060 in field = 2nd of 5; ee diff." His position falls 2' NW of UGC 8361,
which is located 24' NE of
******************************
IC 873 = CGCG 044-059 = KTG 46B = PGC 46345
13 18 16.3 +04 27 52; Vir
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (5/11/13): at 375x appeared fairly faint, small, round, 18", weak concentration. Compact galaxy with a moderately high surface brightness. Second of three (KTG 46) with IC 871 5.7' SW and IC 876 4.8' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 873 = J. 2-762, along with IC 871 and 876, on 5 Jun 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
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13 19 00.5 -27 37 44; Hya
V = 12.4; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 17°
24" (5/25/14): fairly faint to moderately bright,
fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 40"x30", well concentrated with a
small bright core that increases to the center. Located 17' SW of
Frank Muller discovered IC 874 = LM(S) 599 on 14 Mar 1888 with the 26" refractor at Leander-McCormick Observatory. His two micrometric offsets (in RA), published in the large 1893 monograph "Southern Nebulae" match ESO 508-042.
******************************
13 17 07.6 +57 32 22; UMa
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 149°
24" (5/20/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~35"x30", stellar nucleus, hint of brightening along the spine of the major axis. A mag 13.5 star is 1.4' W.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~40"x30". An isosceles triangle "points" to the galaxy, with the mag 13.5 vertex star just 1.4' W. The other two stars are 3' NW (mag 14) and 3' SW (mag 13.5).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 875 = Sw. 9-38 on 15 Jun 1890 and reported "eF; vS; R; stellar." His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 876 = MCG +01-34-017 = CGCG 044-061 = KTG 46C = PGC 46370
13 18 34.6 +04 29 11; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (5/11/13): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 24"x18", weak concentration, small brighter nucleus. Third in trio with IC 871 and 873, spanning 10' SW to NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 876 = J. 2-763, along with IC 871 and 873, on 5 Jun 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
13 19 40.6 -27 25 44; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 102°
48" (4/28/22): moderately bright, elongated 5:2
NNW-SSE, ~50"x20", brighter core. Located 2' SW of NGC 5078. Member of the
24" (5/25/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 50"x25", slightly brighter 20" core, fairly low surface brightness. Forms a pair with much brighter NGC 5078 2' NE.
Frank Muller discovered IC 879 = LM(S) 602 = Sw. 11-154 on
16 Feb 1888 with the 26" refractor at Leander-McCormick Observatory. His two micrometric offsets (in RA)
matches
******************************
13 19 56.3 +15 51 02; Com
V = 13.6; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 12°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; moderately bright and large,
very elongated 4:1 SSW-NNE, 0.9'x0.2', well concentrated with a small bright
core. IC 881 is the brighter and
larger of a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 881 = J. 1-241, along with IC 882, on 22 Jul 1892. His position is just off the west side of the galaxy (similar offset error as IC 882).
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IC 882 = MCG +03-34-017 = CGCG 101-027 = PGC 46508
13 20 07.0 +15 53 51; Com
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:4 SW-NE, 30"x24", stellar nucleus. A mag 15 star is 1' NW. Forms a (physical) pair with IC 881 3.9' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 882 = J. 1-242, along with IC 881, on 22 Jul 1892.
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13 20 35.3 +34 08 22; CVn
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 141°
24" (5/31/22): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated 5:2 NW-SE, ~0.6'x0.25', broad concentration, slightly brighter spot
(nucleus) near the SE end. Located
26' E of mag 5.8
This is a later stage merger with tidal tails (not seen) extending SE and SW from the main boxy body.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 883 = Spitaler 22 on 1 May 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna. He described it as "Faint, somewhat irregular round nebula, 1/2' diameter; slightly brighter in the middle. Occasional stellar nucleus."
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13 22 30.9 +21 18 59; Com
V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.8'; PA = 170°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint and
small, round, 30" diameter, very small bright nucleus, smooth halo. A mag 13.4 star is 3' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 885 = Sw. 8-73 on 3 May 1889 and reported "vF; pS; R." His position is accurate to within 1'.
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13 24 51.4 +13 44 16; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 888 = Sw. 8-74 on 3 May 1889 and reported "eeeF; pS; R." There is nothing at Swift's position but exactly 1.0 min of RA west is NGC 5136. Dreyer, of course, assumed it was a new object but Harold Corwin suggests IC 888 = NGC 5136.
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13 29 59.9 +00 18 18; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, round, low
surface brightness. Very weak concentration with an low contrast nucleus. Located 3' SW of mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 891 = J. 2-766 on 8 Jun 1893. He called it "faint, small, round, 30" diameter, with a stellar nucleus of mag 13." His published position was about 1' too far SE.
******************************
13 31 45.9 -02 42 47; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.8'; PA = 19°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; moderately bright, fairly
small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.6'x0.45', strong concentration, small bright
core. A mag 12 star is 2.7' NNE
and a mag 13 star is 3' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 892 = J. 2-767, along with IC 893, on 4 Jul 1893. Both of his positions are 1' too far south, likely due to an error in the position of the offset star.
******************************
IC 893 = UGC 8513 = MCG +00-35-002 = CGCG 017-006 = PGC 47566
13 31 47.4 -02 36 42; Vir
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.25'; PA = 52°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint edge-on 4:1 or 5:1 SW-NE, 40" to 45" in length and 10" wide, low even surface brightness. IC 892 lies 6' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 893 = J. 2-768, along with IC 892, on 4 Jul 1893.
******************************
13 32 04.8 +17 02 56; Com
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 79°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint,
elongated ~5:3 E-W, ~40"x24", small bright core, nearly stellar
nucleus. Mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 894 = J. 1-244 on 23 Jun 1892. He noted it as "pretty faint, round, 15" diameter, a little brighter in the center."
******************************
13 42 08.4 +35 39 16; CVn
V = 11.6; Size 2.8'x2.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 10°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 895 = Sw. 8-75 on 1 Sep 1888 and reported
"vF; pL; R; * in center ? D[ouble]." There is nothing near his position. The closest galaxy he might have picked
up is
When I contacted Corwin about this find, he noticed that the
same 10 minutes of RA correction applied to
******************************
13 34 10.2 +04 52 06; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 29°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated
3:2 SW-NE, though occasionally seems 2:1, brighter core, 0.6'x0.4'. Located 9' WSW of mag 7.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 896 = J. 1-245 on 26 Jul 1892. His position is 1' too far southeast. MCG misidentifies MCG +01-35-005, instead of -007, as IC 896.
******************************
13 34 19.5 +17 50 53; Com
V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.15'; PA = 75°
17.5" (5/30/92): extremely faint, very small. I could only glimpse this object for
moments with averted vision but it appeared very elongated 3:1 SW-NE and
extremely thin. Forms a pair with
All modern sources (except for NED) misidentify IC 897 as
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 897 = Big. 180 on 20 May 1890 and noted "Magnitude 13.5; situated from NGC 5217 at a PA of 105, Dist. = 3.5 arcmins." His published position in Comptes Rendus (used by Dreyer in the IC) happens to fall near UGC 8544 = CGCG 102-016 and modern catalogues have taken this galaxy as IC 897. Malcolm Thomson sorted out the correct identification (see "The True Identity of IC 897" in Deep Sky Observer #136) as well as Harold Corwin's identification notes.
******************************
13 34 43.0 +09 20 13; Vir
V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.0'; PA = 28°
24" (5/31/22): fairly faint, moderately large, oval
~3:2 SSW-NNE, ~1.0'x0.65', broad concentration with a slightly brighter middle
that seems elongated along the major axis. A mag 11.9 star is 1' NW. Located 50' NW of spiral galaxy
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 900 = J. 1-247 on 14 May 1892. He noted "faint, round, 30" diameter, gradually condensed." and measured an accurate position.
******************************
13 35 42.4 +13 19 51; Vir
V = 14.5; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 120°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; faint, fairly small,
diffuse, 20" diameter. With
averted vision, though, it sometimes elongated 0.6'x0.4' NW-SE with a very low
surface brightness halo. The
galaxy is in a line with a mag 11.8 star 3' NNW, a mag 13.3 star 3' SSE and a
mag 12 star 5.4' SSE. Also a mag
13.3 star is 1.4' ESE with extremely dim
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 901 = J. 1-248 on 24 May 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 36 01.2 +49 57 39; UMa
V = 13.7; Size 2.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 162°
24" (6/30/19): at 282x; fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on nearly 5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.4'x0.3', small bright core. A mag 10.5 star lies 2' NW and a mag 12.5 star is 1.6' S; the galaxy is parallel to the line connecting these stars.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly moderately bright, very nice edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.25'x0.25', very small brighter core. The galaxy is flanked by a mag 10.5 star 2' NW and a mag 12.6 star 1.6' S of center. Located 2° WNW of mag 1.9 Alkaid, very close to the CVn border.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 902 = Sw. 7-32 on 8 Apr 1888 and recorded "eeF; S; vE; v diff; nearly bet. 2 stars." His position is off the southwest side of the galaxy and his desciption fits.
******************************
13 38 26.1 -00 13 39; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 1.7'x0.65'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 178°
24" (5/24/20): at 225x and 375x; between fairly faint
and moderately bright, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 (with averted), ~1.0'x0.4', relatively
large brighter core that is noticeably elongated, slightly brighter roundish
nucleus. The outer disc has a low
surface brightness. The nearest
brighter star is mag 8.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 903 = J. 2-770 on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 38 32.2 +00 32 25; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.6'; PA = 127°
24" (5/11/13): moderately bright and large, elongated
2:1 NW-SE, 40"x20", fairly high surface brightness, brighter
nucleus. Brightest in a trio (KTG
47) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 904 = J. 2-761 on 8 Jun 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
******************************
13 40 02.9 +23 08 34; Boo
V = 14.0; Size 0.85'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 141°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, strongly concentrated with a 20"x15" core and a
very low surface brightness halo.
The core has a moderately high surface brightness and increases to a
small brighter nucleus and a stellar pip.
A mag 12.1 star is 2.9' WNW and a mag 13.3 star is 2.5' WSW. First in a group of 7 faint IC galaxies
(WBL 463) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 905 = J. 1-249, along with IC 906, 910, 911, 912, 913 and 914, on 16-17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 906 = MCG +04-32-021 = CGCG 131-020 = PGC 48348
13 40 10.0 +23 20 28; Boo
V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 145°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, very small round nucleus. This galaxy is collinear with a mag 9.7 star 6.4' W and a mag 13.5 star 4.6' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 906 = J. 1-250 on 16 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 39 23.0 +51 03 04; UMa
V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 20°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, nice
edge-on 4:1 SSW-NNE, ~40"x10", slightly brighter core, fairly high
surface brightness. Located 13' NE
of mag 7.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 907 = Sw. 7-33 on 8 Apr 1888 and
reported "eF; pS; R."
There is nothing at his position, but CGCG, UGC and RC3 take
******************************
13 40 51.2 +24 28 24; Boo
V = 13.9; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small,
round, compact appearance, 20" diameter.
Truman Safford discovered IC 909 = Sf. 28, along with IC
916, on 6 Jun 1866. Although there
was no published description, his position is 2' NW of
******************************
13 41 07.9 +23 16 55; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 120°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated E-W, 20"x15", very small bright nucleus. Located 1.7' SSE of a mag 10.5
star. Third in a group of 7 IC
galaxies (WBL 463) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 910 = J. 1-251 in a group on 16 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 911 = UGC 8665 NED01 = MCG +04-32-027 = CGCG 131-026 NED01 = Holm 534b = PGC 48448
13 41 25.4 +23 14 51; Boo
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 99°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated E-W, ~20"x16".
Forms a close pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 911 = J. 1-252 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 912 = UGC 8665 NED02 = MCG +04-32-028 = CGCG 131-026 NED02 = Holm 534A = PGC 48449
13 41 28.9 +23 14 44; Boo
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 100°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Forms a close pair with IC 911 0.8' W. Fifth in a group (WBL 463) of 7 IC galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 912 = J. 1-253 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 41 29.7 +23 10 01; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 63°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated 5:4 WSW-ENE, 25"x20", very small bright
nucleus. Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 913 = J. 1-254 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 914 = MCG +04-32-030 = CGCG 131-027 = WBL 463-004 = PGC 48475
13 41 40.6 +23 11 21; Boo
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 165°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, very small brighter core, 25"x20". Forms a pair with IC 913 2.9' SW. 7th in a group (WBL 463) of similar IC galaxies at a redshift based distance of ~440 million l.y.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 914 = J. 1-255 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 916 = MCG +04-32-031 = CGCG 131-028 = PGC 48564
13 42 38.1 +24 27 54; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, at most 20" diameter. Pretty similar IC 909 lies 24' W.
Truman Safford discovered IC 916 = Sf. 27, along with IC
909, on 6 Jun 1866. His position
is 1' NW of
******************************
13 42 37.8 +55 31 46; UMa
V = 16.0; Size 0.5'x0.2'; PA = 102°
48" (5/9/18): fairly faint, edge-on 5:1 WNW-ESE,
~0.5'x0.1', even surface brightness.
This is a relatively large member of
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 918 around June 1892 with the
36" Lick refractor. Burnham
originally noticed a group of small and faint nebulae and Barnard estimated the
positions (given in AN 2998) adding several discoveries (not specified),
bringing the total to 18. Harold
Corwin suggests IC 918 may be LEDA 2505734 (4' SSW of Barnard's position and
forming a pair with
Edwin Hubble found LEDA 2505734 from a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was catalogued as #36 in Field IV, which included the IC 919 cluster. Francis Pease also recorded it on plates taken with the 60-inch at Mt Wilson in 1919 and reported it in his 1920 publication as "B, 20"x8", p.a. 100°, gradually brighter in the middle."
******************************
IC 919 = CGCG 271-059 = CGCG 272-004 = PGC 48570
13 42 47.5 +55 31 17; UMa
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 25°
48" (5 /9/18): bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~18" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Forms a very close pair with LEDA 2505000 = 2MASX J13424588+5531077, just 18" SW. The companion was very faint, extremely small, round ~6" diameter. IC 918 = LEDA 2505332 is 1.5' WNW.
The close pair are on the southwest side of AGC 1783 in a group of 18 ICs discovered visually with the 36" Lick refractor, though lie in the foreground at 460 million l.y.
24" (6/21/20): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, low even surface brightness.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 919 around June 1892 with the
36" Lick refractor. Burnham
originally noticed a group of small and faint nebulae and Barnard estimated the
positions (given in AN 2998) adding several discoveries (not specified),
bringing the total to 18. IC 919
is the only object Barnard described as "considerably bright", all
others are "faint" or "very faint". Harold Corwin suggests IC 919 may be
CGCG 271-059 = PGC 48570 (4' due south of Barnard's position), although
Wolfgang Steinicke identifies IC 919 as
******************************
13 43 08.0 +55 39 04; UMa
V = 16.5; Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 103°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, round, 12"
diameter, even surface brightness.
This member of AGC 1783 is situated 2.6' WNW of mag 9.9
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 921 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke
identify IC 921 with
******************************
13 42 56.4 +55 36 14; UMa
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 120°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly bright, fairly small, round,
~20" diameter, gradually increases to the center. This galaxy is one of the brighter
members of AGC 1783 at a light-travel age of ~920 million years.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 922 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 922 with
LEDA 2507977, situated 18 seconds of RA west (2.6' W) of Barnard's
position. This is the brightest
galaxy in the immediate area. But
Francis Pease, in his 1920 publication on nebulae found on Mt. Wilson 60-inch
plates, as well as Wolfgang Steinicke, identified IC 922 with
Edwin Hubble catalogued this galaxy based on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#40), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation. The field was mentioned by William Denning in his book "Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings": Mr. Barnard recently stated that with the powers of the great 36 inch refractor the number of known nebulae (more than 8000) might readily be doubled! As an example of their plentiful distribution in certain regions it may be mentioned that Mr. Burnham very recently discovered eighteen new nebulae in a small area of 16' by 5'.5 near the position in R.A. 13h 38m, Dec. +56° 20'. Near the pole of the northern heavens there exist many unrecorded nebulae, as this region does not appear to have been thoroughly examined with a large instrument.
******************************
IC 923 = LEDA 3483133 = 2MASX J13431420+5536113
13 43 14.2 +55 36 11; UMa
V = 15.6; Size 0.4'x0.4'
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint to moderately bright,
small, round, 15" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. This member of AGC 1783 is located 2.6'
SW of mag 10.0 HD 238276.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 923 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 923 with
LEDA 3483133, situated 1' SSW of Barnard's position. Wolfgang Steinicke identifies LEDA 3483133 as IC 922 and
labels
******************************
IC 925 = LEDA 2508355 = 2MASX J13431609+5536563
13 43 16.1 +55 36 57; UMa
V = 16.4; Size 0.5'x0.1'; PA = 106°
48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, thin edge-on
~20"x5", low surface brightness. Located 1.9' SW of mag 10.0 HD 238276 in AGC 1783. 2MASX J13431420+5536113 (= IC 923?)
lies 0.8' SSW and IC 922 is 2.9' WSW.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 925 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 925 with
LEDA 2508355, situated 1.1' NW of Barnard's position. Wolfgang Steinicke identifies
Edwin Hubble catalogued LEDA 2508355 on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#44), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation. Based on plates taken with the Mt. Wilson 60-inch in 1919, Pease described it as "MB, 20" x 5", p.a. 100°, spindle, gradually brighter in the middle."
******************************
13 43 39.3 +55 37 53; UMa
V = 16.7; Size 0.3'x0.1'; PA = 94°
48" (5 /9/18): faint, small, round, ~8"
diameter. Situated in a clump of 7
galaxies in the core of AGC 1783 with
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 926 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke
identify IC 926 with 2MASX J13433923+5537534, situated 1.4' SE of Barnard's position. There are a number of other nearby
galaxies, but they are further east and assuming Barnard's RA order is correct,
this identification is very reasonable, though not certain. In fact this galaxy
is only 45" NW of Barnard's position for
******************************
IC 928 = LEDA 2506714 = 2MASX J13434806+5534044
13 43 48.0 +55 34 04; UMa
V = 16.6; Size 0.3'x0.2'
48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, low surface brightness. This member of AGC 1783 is situated 2.2' E of a mag 10.9 star and less than 5' S of the core of the cluster.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 928 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 928 with
******************************
13 43 45.0 +55 38 02; UMa
V = 15.3; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 0°
48" (5 /9/18): moderately bright, small, round,
15" diameter, stellar nucleus.
LEDA 2506714 (assigned to IC 928 by Harold Corwin) is the brightest of 7
galaxies in the core of AGC 1783.
IC 926 is 50" W,
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 929 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 929 with LEDA 2509027, situated 1.2' SSE of Barnard's position. Steinicke identifies 2MASXJ13434549+5538474 (only 30" SE of Barnard's position) as IC 929, but Corwin labels this galaxy as IC 930! Due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identifications are uncertain. See IC 917 for more.
Edwin Hubble catalogued LEDA 2509027 on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#48), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation. The group was also photographed with the Mt Wilson 60" in 1919 and Francis Pease identified LEDA 2509027 as IC 931 in his 1920 paper. Barnard's position for IC 931 is 1' to the SE. So, quite a confusing mess of identifications!
******************************
IC 930 = LEDA 3483172 = 2MASX J13434549+5538474
13 43 45.5 +55 38 47; UMa
V = 16.4; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 99°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, round,
12"-15" diameter, even surface brightness. Located in the core of AGC 1783 with 6 other members with a
1.5' radius!! The closest two are
LEDA 2509027 (= IC 929?) 45" S and
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 930 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 930 with
LEDA 2509027, situated 2.0' S of Barnard's position. Steinicke identifies 2MASX
J13435235+5539243 as IC 930, but Corwin labels this galaxy as
Edwin Hubble catalogued
******************************
IC 931 = LEDA 2508641 = 2MASX J13434914+5537264
13 43 49.2 +55 37 26; UMa
V = 16.8; Size 0.2'x0.1'; PA = 63°
48" (5 /9/18): faint, extremely small, round,
6"-8" diameter. Located
in the core of AGC 1783 2.5' WSW of mag 7.2
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 931 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 931
with
******************************
13 43 51.2 +55 38 48; UMa
Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 63°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 12"x8". Located in the core of AGC 1783 with 2MASX J13434549+5538474 (= IC 930?) 0.8' W and 2MASX J13435235+5539243 (= IC 934?) 0.6' N. Situated just 2.2' WNW of mag 7.2 HD 119821, which affected the observation.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 932 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 932 with LEDA 2509480, which is located only 40" NNE of Barnard's position. Although this identification appears secure at first glance, due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identification is still uncertain (may be a positional coincidence). See IC 917 for more.
Edwin Hubble catalogued LEDA 2509480 on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#53), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation.
******************************
13 45 16.2 +23 13 08; Boo
V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 152°
14.5" (7/11/21): at 182x and 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~5:4, at most 40" diameter, very small (round) brighter core. A faint star is superimposed close to the N edge. Bracketed by a mag 9.8 star 5' WSW (part of a wide triple) and a wide pair of mag 11.7/12 stars 5' NNE.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 933 = J. 1-257 on 22 May
1878. His uncorrected position was
3.5' too far ESE, nearly identical to the next object observed (
Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 933 on 16 Jun 1892 and reported it in his first discovery paper (#257). He was credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
13 43 52.4 +55 39 25; UMa
V = 16.7; Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 174°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, round, 10" diameter. Located in the core of AGC 1783 just 2.3' NW of mag 7.2 HD 119821, which is a distraction. Pretty similar IC 932 is 38" S and IC 930 is 1.2' SW.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 934 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin identifies IC 934 with 2MASX
J13435235+5539243, which is located 2.6' NW of Barnard's position -- a large
discrepancy. Steinicke chooses
******************************
13 44 02.9 +55 38 59; UMa
Size 0.4'x0.1'; PA = 84°
48" (5 /9/18): very faint, very small, round, ~8" diameter. Can almost hold continuously with averted vision once noticed. The problem is this galaxy is situated just under 1' NW of mag 7.2 HD 119821, which strongly hinders viewing. A tight group of 7 galaxies in the core of AGC 1783 is just a couple of arcminutes west. Two mag 12.5 and 11.6 stars are collinear with the bright star, 0.9' E and 1.7' E.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 935 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin identifies IC 935 with SDSS J134402.89+553859.0, which is located 2.8' N of Barnard's position and just 1' NW of mag 7.25 HD 119821! The bright star is not mentioned in Barnard's description, which is odd as it affected the view using the 48-inch. Steinicke labels SDSS J134402.89+553859.0 as IC 934 = IC 936 and identifies IC 935 as a star. In any case, due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identifications are very uncertain and just intelligent guesswork. See IC 917 for more.
******************************
13 44 08.6 +55 42 22; UMa
V = 16.7; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 93°
48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 E-W, ~12"x8", even surface brightness. Located 4.3' N of mag 7.2 HD 119821 in AGC 1783. A mag 14.5 star is 1.5' W.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 936 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin identifies IC 935 with LEDA 2511548, which is located 5' N of Barnard's position, so a poor positional match. Steinicke labels SDSS J134402.89+553859.0 as IC 934 = IC 936. In any case, due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identifications are very uncertain and just intelligent guesswork. See IC 917 for more.
Edwin Hubble catalogued
******************************
13 44 28.9 +55 37 49; UMa
V = 17.3; Size 0.4'x0.4'
48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, small, round,
12"-15" diameter. Forms
a close pair with
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 937 along with IC 938 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 937 with 2MASX J13442896+5537482, which is located just 1' S of Barnard's position. See IC 917 for more.
******************************
IC 938 = LEDA 3483228 = 2MASX J13443120+5537382
13 44 31.3 +55 37 39; UMa
V = 15.9; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 156°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 0.3'x0.1', small bright core. Forms a close pair with IC 937 just 0.4' NW in the core of AGC 1783.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 938 along
with IC 937 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 938
with
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13 47 43.1 +03 24 41; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x1.0'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; pretty bright, round,
45" diameter, small brighter core.
Forms a pair with much fainter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 939 = J. 1-258, along with IC 940, on 3 Jun 1891.
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IC 940 = CGCG 045-104 = WBL 468-003 = PGC 48933
13 47 57.7 +03 26 59; Vir
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 123°
24" (5/25/22): at 225x; extremely faint, roundish, very small, ~0.3' diameter. With averted appears elongated NW-SE, 0.3'x0.2'. Forms a pair with much brighter IC 939 4' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 940 = J. 1-259, along with IC 939, on 3 Jun 1891.
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13 47 41.1 +56 37 18; UMa
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.65'; PA = 96°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, ~25"x20", broad weak concentration. Forms the southern vertex of a triangle with an isosceles triangle with a mag 11 star 6' NNE and a mag 10.7 star 7' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 942 = Sw. 7-34 on 17 Apr 1888 and
reported "eF; pS; R."
His position is accurate.
Catalogued as
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13 51 30.9 +14 05 32; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 1.6'x0.5'; PA = 107°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint to moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, ~1.2'x0.4', well concentrated with a relatively large brighter core (oval). The halo is very faint and sometimes needed averted for the full extent. Forms a 1.2' pair (NNE) with CGCG 073-086, which appeared very faint, roundish, 20" diameter, low surface brightness.
William Herschel made the original discovery of IC 944 and
Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 944 = Sw. 7-36 = Sw. 8-76, along with IC 946 and 948, on 7 Apr 1888. He reported, "very faint; considerably elongated; pretty small; 3 bright stars near following." Swift found the trio again a year later on 20 Apr 1889 and included them in his 8th discovery list (#76, #77, #78). Dreyer combined his two observations into IC 944.
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13 47 07.8 +72 04 13; UMi
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 118°
24" (6/30/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, ~40"x30", broad concentration but no
distinct nucleus. A mag 15.5-15.8
star is close off the S end, 30" from center.
CGCG 336-019 appeared faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20", diffuse, low and nearly even surface brightness. A mag 14.4 star is 1.5' N.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, ~30" diameter, broad weak concentration to a slightly brighter core.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 945 = Sw. 7-35 on 7 Jun 1888 and reported "eeeF; S; R; coarse D * nf points to it; np of 2 [with IC 954]" His position is just off the north edge of CGCG 336-019 = PGC 48940, which is identified as IC 945 in the CGCG and PGC. But Harold Corwin proposes IC 945 is more likely CGCG 336-018 = PGC 48867, a much brighter galaxy 3' WNW of his position. My observation confirms it appears significantly more prominent in the eyepiece.
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IC 946 = UGC 8772 = MCG +02-35-021 = CGCG 073-089 = WBL 470-004 = PGC 49244
13 52 08.4 +14 06 58; Boo
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 105°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint or moderately
bright, fairly small, 30" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Located 6' NNE of mag 8.1
William Herschel made the original discovery of IC 946 and IC 946 on 19 Mar 1787 (sweep 720) and recorded "Suspected, very faint, very small, but doubtful." His derived position was 1.5' too far south and the identity is certain. But due to his doubt the pair wasn't catalogued.
Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 946 = Sw. 7-37 = Sw. 8-77, along with IC 944 and 948, on 7 Apr 1888. He reported, "extremely failnt; very small; round; ; vS; R; p close * following." Swift found the trio again a year later on 20 Apr 1889 and included them in his 8th discovery list (#76, #77, #78). Dreyer combined the two observations into IC 946.
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13 52 35.9 +00 49 06; Vir
V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 63°
24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; easily visible though
situated just 45" SW of mag 8.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 947 = J. 2-774 on 8 Jun 1893. His description ("pB, 15" diameter, R, suddenly brighter in the middle to a nucleus = 12m") makes no mention of the attached bright star, though it was used as the offset star.
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IC 948 = UGC 8779 = MCG +02-35-023 = CGCG 073-092 = WBL 470-007 = PGC 49281
13 52 26.7 +14 05 29; Boo
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.65'; PA = 151°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint or moderately bright, oval 3:2 or 5:3 NW-SE, 40"x24", strong sharp concentration with a small bright core and stellar nucleus, the halo is faint. Member of the WBL 470 group with IC 946 4.7' WNW. A mag 8.1 star is 8' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 948 = Sw. 7-38 = Sw. 8-78 on 7 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; S; R; 3 others suspected." He found the trio again a year later and reported them as new in his 8th discovery list. Althugh William Herschel made an observation of IC 944 and 946 (uncatalogued) he missed IC 948 as it was probably just outside his field of view in the sweep.
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13 52 26.2 +14 29 23; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'
24" (6/30/22): at 375x; this nearly merged pair (separation 19" between centers) was resolved. The much brighter galaxy on the NE side was fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Barely off its SW end was a very faint glow ~10" diameter, though sometimes the duo appeared contiguous. The IC 950 pair forms a right angle with a mag 12 star 1' E and a mag 12.5 star 1' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 950 = J. 1-262 on 24 May 1892. This is a double system, so either it appeared unresolved to Javelle or he only noticed the brighter, eastern galaxy.
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13 51 47.2 +50 58 42; UMa
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6
24" (6/30/19): at 200x; moderately bright and moderately large, irregularly round, 50" diameter, slightly brighter core, hint of spiral structure in halo. At 322x, the brighter core/nucleus was more evident and the halo displayed slightly more structure but no clear spiral arms.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, moderately large,
irregularly round, at least 45" diameter, very weak concentration. Chameleon-like appearance; shifts shape
with averted vision and sometimes slightly brighter regions appear, like arcs
of spiral arms. Located 10' S of
mag 8.7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 951 = Sw. 7-40 on 6 May 1888 and
recorded "eeF; pS; R; coarse D[ouble] * nr sp." His position is 2.5' SSE of
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13 53 41.9 +03 22 39; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 93°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; faint, very elongated ~3:1 E-W, 0.9'x0.3', low nearly even surface brightness, dims at tips. A faint mag 15 star near the east end on the south side. Two mag 13 stars, 1' NNW and 2.5' NNW, are aligned with the center of the galaxy, and another mag 13 star is 2.7' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 952 = J. 1-263 on 3 Jun 1891. His description matches ("faint, elongated in the direction of diurnal motion [E-W]. We see a small star in the nebulosity, very close to the edge"), though his declination was 1.5' too far south.
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13 49 56.9 +71 09 52; UMi
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.6'; PA = 91°
24" (6/30/19): at 322x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, small brighter core, ~0.5'x0.4'. A mag 15.7 star is 0.7' NE.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; at least fairly faint and nearly
moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, strong concentration with
a small bright core that increases to the center. Located 1° E of mag 5.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 954 = Sw. 7-39 on 7 Jun 1888 and reported "eeF; S; R; B * f little south; sf of 2 [with IC 945]." His position is relatively accurate - 0.9' too far north.
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13 55 38.8 +04 59 05; Vir
V = 13.3; Size 2.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 70°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift discovered IC 958 = Sw. 9-39 on 19 Apr 1890 and
reported "eeeF; pS; iR; seen only by glimpses." His position is 3.5' NE of NGC 5360 and
this is the favored identification by Harold Corwin. But there are two question marks about this identification;
there is no mention of brighter
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13 56 03.4 +13 30 21; Boo
V = 13.4; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 0°
24" (6/30/19): at 375x; moderately bright and large,
elongated 3:2 N-S, 45"x30", small bright core. A mag 12.4 star is 3.3' E and a 1' pair
of mag 11/12.3 stars is 4.5' NE.
Located 33' S of mag 6.2
Lewis Swift discovered IC 959 = Sw. 8-79 on 20 Apr 1889 and
reported "eeF; S; R."
His position was just off the northeast edge of
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13 55 59.6 +17 30 21; Boo
Size 1.5'x0.8'
24" (7/1/16): at 375x; IC 960 = VV 335 is an
interacting pair with a separation of 0.8' SSW-NNE. The brighter NNE component (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 960 = J. 1-265 on 17 Jun 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He noted "faint, diffuse, rather extended with a little bit of condensation." According to Harold Corwin, his recomputed position corresponds with the northern (brighter) nucleus.
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13 57 13.2 +12 01 17; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7
24" (5/11/13): fairly bright, fairly small, round,
24", small bright nucleus, high surface brightness. First in the
Lewis Swift discovered IC 962 = Sw. 8-80 on 7 Apr 1889 and logged "pF, vS, R, bM." He apparently missed the two fainter galaxies just south.
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IC 964 = MCG +03-36-010 = CGCG 103-024 = Ark 433 = WBL 480-002 = PGC 49661
13 57 41.3 +17 30 31; Boo
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (7/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, 20" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. Brighter of a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 964 = J. 1-268, along with IC 965, on 23 Jun 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He noted "extremely faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, uniformly faint." His position is accurate.
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IC 965 = MCG +03-36-011 = CGCG 103-026 = WBL 480-003 = PGC 49667
13 57 47.5 +17 30 38; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 64°
24" (7/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, high surface brightness, 12"-15" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 964 1.5' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 965 = J. 1-269, along with IC 964, on 23 Jun 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He noted "very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, with a very small nucleus." His position is accurate.
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13 58 14.0 +05 24 30; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.75'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 155°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly
elongated, 30" diameter, fairly even surface brightness with very slightly
brighter core. A mag 15 star is 1'
N and a mag 12 star is 2' N. UGC
8906 lies 19' ENE. IC 966 is
located 33' ENE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 966 = J. 2-775 on 5 Jun 1893. His position is just off the south edge of the galaxy.
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14 00 37.2 -02 54 27; Vir
V = 14.7/15.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'
48" (5/16/12): this pair is at the south end of a chain
of 6 galaxies with dominant member
18" (6/30/11): this small double system lies 3' S of NGC 5400, a cD galaxy in the center of the poor group MKW 5. At 285x appeared as a very faint, very small pair oriented SW-NE, each ~10" diameter and virtually tangent. The NE component appeared slightly brighter. A mag 11 star lies 3.2' WSW.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 968 = Big. 181 on 6 May 1888. His position is off by 2' in declination due to an error in the position of the offset star. Harold Corwin notes that Bigourdan has two measurements and his position is closer to the brighter member of the pair.
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14 02 34.2 +14 33 09; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.35'; PA = 53°
24" (6/30/19): at 375x; relatively bright, edge-on 5:1 SW-NE, ~0.9'x0.2', sharply concentrated with a strong bright core. A linear, equally spaced trio of stars (two of 12th mag) lies ~3' E.
IC 970 forms a close pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 970 = J. 1-271 on 24 May
1892. His position is 1' too far
south and actually lands on CGCG 103-048, a fainter companion 1.1' SSE. Either he made a 1' clerical error in
recording the dec offset or perhaps measured the position of the southern
companion? But I don't see how he
could have missed the much brighter northern galaxy (
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14 03 52.8 -10 08 26; Vir
V = 12.8; Size 2.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.8
24" (6/15/15): at 260x; moderately bright and large,
slightly elongated ~N-S, broad weak concentration. Brightest in a group including
MCG -02-36-011 appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.6'x0.5' [core region], small bright nucleus. Occasionally extremely faint extensions were seen north and south.
Truman Safford discovered IC 971 = Sf. 105 on 20 May 1868 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. In a note in 1905 "Ein schoner Spiralnebel" ("A Beautiful Spiral Nebula"), Max Wolf described IC 971 as a "rare pure S-shape spiral with a mag 14 core." (AN 168, 75). It was also recorded on an Arequipa plate taken in 1899 and described by DeLisle Stewart as "very faint, very small, 2-branch spiral."
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14 04 25.9 -17 13 41; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 43"x40"
48" (5/1/22): at 375x with a NPB filter; bright, round, even surface brightness, 40" diameter. Removing the filter, the faint central star (V ~16.5) was visible.
18" (6/11/07): picked up unfiltered at 115x as a fairly small, round disc of ~40" diameter with no additional structure. Good contrast gain with the OIII filter and appears as a moderately bright, crisp-edged disc with an even surface brightness.
17.5" (5/11/96): faint but easily picked up at 100x
without filter as a moderately large, round disc less than 1' diameter. Nicely enhanced with OIII filter and
appears moderately bright, crisp-edged and slightly elongated N-S,
45"x40". Also nice view
at 100x with UHC filter. Located
6.7' S of mag 9.4
13.1" (4/10/86): at 79x and OIII filter appears fairly faint, fairly small, round, with an even surface brightness and sharp edges. Faint but visible without filter. Easily takes 166x with a UHC filter. No central star seen with or without a filter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 972 = J. 1-272 on 25 May 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory. Although the IC position is accurate, Abell assumed it was new and included it as #37 in his list of new planetary nebulae found by inspection of the POSS. So, IC 972 = Abell 37.
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14 08 43.3 -01 09 42; Vir
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.6'; PA = 174°
24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20", sharply concentrated with a
bright, very small nucleus and stellar peak. Located 11' SE of mag 8.0
Lewis Swift discovered IC 976 = Sw. 7-41 on 12 Apr 1888 and
reported "eF; vS; R; eF * attached s[outh]." His position is 1.4' NW of the center
of
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14 09 32.4 +14 49 55; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.65'; PA = 172°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small,
oval 3:2 N-S, 0.6'x0.4', brighter core increases a little to the center. A mag 11.6 star is 2' NE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 979 = Sw. 10-25 on 3 May 1891 and reported "eeF; pS; R; e diff." His RA is 15 seconds of time too small. There are a couple of other galaxies in the vicinity, but they are fainter so less likely to have been picked up by Swift.
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14 09 59.1 +17 41 46; Boo
V = 13.0; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9
18" (5/3/08): fairly faint, fairly small, round, weak
concentration, 35" diameter. Forms the SW member of an Arp pair with IC
983 2.5' NNE. Located 2.7' SW of a
mag 9 star that detracts from viewing.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 982 = J. 1-274, along with IC 983, on 27 May 1891.
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14 10 04.3 +17 44 01; Boo
V = 11.7; Size 5.4'x4.7'; Surf Br = 15.1; PA = 120°
18" (5/3/08): moderately bright but fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, ~25"x20", weak concentration to a very
faint stellar nucleus. Located
1.5' NW of mag 9
17.5" (5/23/98): not seen initially as I was looking
for a large object, but at 280x I picked up a small 20" glow just 1.5' NW
of mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 983 = J. 1-275, along with IC 982, on 27 May 1891 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory.
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14 10 07.7 +18 21 53; Boo
V = 13.6; Size 1.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35°
17.5" (6/2/00): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 1.0'x0.3', smooth surface brightness. Located 1.5° SE of Arcturus!
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 984 = J. 1-276 on 27 May
1891. CGCG misidentified
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14 11 26.2 +01 17 11; Vir
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7
17.5" (5/11/02): faint, very small, round, 0.4'
diameter, compact appearance. Located 4.7' SSW of mag 6.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 986 = J. 2-781 on 8 Jun 1893.
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14 14 32.1 +03 11 25; Vir
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 41°
24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint,
small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 20"x15". A pair of mag 14.6/14.8 stars lie 1.3' N and a mag 14.9 star
is 1' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 988 = J. 1-277, along with IC 989, on 28 May 1891. His position is accurate.
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IC 989 = UGC 9114 = MCG +01-36-027 = CGCG 046-072 = WBL 496-003 = PGC 50891
14 14 51.3 +03 07 51; Vir
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5
24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, roundish, 0.6' diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 12' S of mag 6.4 HD 124681 and 7' W of STF 1819 (7.7/7.9 at 0.9"). Brightest in a group (WBL 496) with IC 988 6' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 989 = J. 1-278, along with IC 988, on 28 May 1891. His position is accurate.
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14 18 18.6 +11 12 59; Boo
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; very faint and small, round, 15" diameter, diffuse with no nucleus. A mag 15.3 star is 35" W. At 375x I classified the galaxy as "extremely faint", but decreasing to 327x it was easier and I modified to "very faint".
IC 993 forms a close pair with brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 993 = J. 1-281, along with IC 994, on 27 May 1891. His position off by 3' (too far NW), an unusually large error. His measured difference in IC 993 and 994 is correct (4 seconds), so this identification is still secure.
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IC 994 = UGC 9153 = MCG +02-36-064 = CGCG 074-161 = CGCG 075-002 = Holm 626A = PGC 51095
14 18 22.6 +11 11 42; Boo
V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 13°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 N-S, ~40"x20", moderate surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is 0.7' E of center and a pair of mag 14 stars is 3' E. Forms a pair with fainter IC 993 1.6' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 994 = J. 1-282, along with IC 993, on 27 May 1891. His RA is about 10 seconds of time too large.
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14 16 31.1 +57 48 36; UMa
V = 14.2; Size 1.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 147°
24" (7/1/19): at 200x and 260x; fairly faint, fairly
small, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, 50"x12", contains a brighter
elongated core. Forms a similar
pair with edge-on
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, elongated
3:1 NW-SE, 45"x15", brighter elongated core with a faint outer
disc. IC 996, another edge-on with
a similar position angle, lies 13' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 995 = Sw. 7-42 on 2 Jul 1888 and logged "eeF; S; lE; e diff. in vacancy; np of 2 [with IC 996]. His position is accurate.
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IC 996 = UGC 9152 = MCG +10-20-092 = CGCG 295-043 = KUG 1415+578 = PGC 51036
14 17 22.1 +57 37 47; UMa
V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x0.2'; PA = 155°
24" (7/1/19): at 200x and 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, very thin edge-on at least 6:1 NW-SE, 50"x8", only a slightly brighter elongated core. Forms a similar pair with edge-on IC 995 13' NW. Situated on a line with a mag 12 star 2' N and a mag 10.5 star 3.7' S.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on 6:1 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.15', fairly low even surface brightness. A mag 10.6 star is 3.7' S and a mag 12.4 star is 2' N. In a small group with IC 995 13' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 996 = Sw. 7-43 on 3 Jul 1888 and reported "eeeF; S; vE; eee diff.; sf of 2 [with IC 995].
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14 19 59.3 -04 27 05; Vir
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 23°
18" (6/18/04): moderately bright, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 or 5:3 ~N-S. Contains a small, brighter, roundish core and the
extensions are a much lower surface brightness. A mag 14 star is just 0.8' N of center. A striking
equilateral triangle of mag 11-12 stars is close northeast with the nearest
star 1' N of center. IC 997 is an
(unresolved) interacting pair with companion
Lewis Swift discovered IC 997 = Sw. 10A-4 = Sw. 11-168, along with IC 998, on 16 May 1892. His description reads, "vF; S; R; * with distant companion near north; p of 2 [with IC 998]." Swift reobserved it again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and reported it as new in his 11th discovery list with a slightly modified position, possibly to make sure Dreyer didn't miss this discovery.
Malcolm Thomson argues that IC 997 is identical to IC 4401 =
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14 20 19.3 -04 24 59; Vir
Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 60°
18" (6/18/04): faint, very small, round. The view is a bit confused by a very faint star which is close south (~20") so these objects could initially appear to be a faint, close double. The galaxy appeared only 10" or so in diameter. Barely visible with direct vision though only a faint stellar nucleus remained. Faintest of trio with IC 997 and IC 4401 and situated 5' ENE of IC 997.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 998 = Sw. 10A-5 = Sw. 11-169, along with IC 997, on 16 May 1892 (last two months at the Warner Observatory) and recorded "eeF; S; R; following of 2 [with IC 997]." This galaxy is the faintest of a quartet, but Swift's offset from IC 997 points directly to this galaxy. Swift reobserved it again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and reported it as new in his 11th discovery list, probably to make sure Dreyer didn't miss this discovery. Herbert Howe took LEDA 1058483 as IC 998 when he observed the field carefully around 1900 and also discovered IC 4401. But Malcolm Thomson argues against this identification. See his detailed analysis in IC identifications. Also see Corwin's comments on IC 997/998.
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14 19 32.7 +17 52 31; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 144°
24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and
moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 35"x15",
slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a
similar pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 999 = J. 1-283, along with IC 1000, on 23 Jun 1892. His position is off the east side of the galaxy (same error as IC 1000; likely due to an imprecise position for his offset star).
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IC 1000 = UGC 9170 = MCG +03-37-003 = CGCG 104-004 = PGC 51201
14 19 40.3 +17 51 17; Boo
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 23°
24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 35"x12", slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a similar pair with IC 999 2.2' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1000 = J. 1-284, along with IC 999, on 23 Jun 1892. His position is off the east side of the galaxy.
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