13 00 06.4 +28 00 14; Com
V = 15.1; Size 0.5'x0.5'
82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; fairly
bright, fairly small, round, 15" diameter, very small, very bright
nucleus. Situtated just 1.6' NNW
of
17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round,
barely non-stellar, visible with averted vision only. Located 1.6' N of NGC 4889 in the dense central core of AGC
1656 with numerous galaxies nearby including
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4011 = K. 2-22 on 22 Apr 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, vS, N 15 m."
******************************
13 00 08.0 +28 04 43; Com
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'
18" (4/20/12): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Located 6' due north of NGC 4889 in AGC 1656.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4012 = K. 2-23 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."
******************************
12 59 59.6 +37 11 36; CVn
V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 3°
24" (6/4/16): the two close components (IC 4015 and IC
4016) of
Max Wolf discovered IC 4015 = W. V-136 and IC 4015, the two components of NGC 4893, on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported both as "D neb, eF, S, iF, N."
******************************
IC 4016 = NGC 4893A = UGC 8111a = VV 222a = MCG +06-29-009 =
12 59 59.8 +37 11 17; CVn
V = 15.4; Size 0.5'x0.35'; PA = 12°
24" (6/4/16): the two components (IC 4015 and IC 4016)
were resolved at 322x. The
southern member (IC 4016) is faint, extremely small, round, 6"
diameter. The centers of the two
galaxies are separated by just 19".
A mag 13.5 star is 44" E and a mag 15.0 star is just under 1'
SSW. Situated 11' SW of
Max Wolf discovered IC 4016 = W. V-137, along with IC 4015
as well as
******************************
13 00 16.1 +22 33 20; Com
V = 17.0; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 95°
48" (5/1/22): IC 4017 is the most distant galaxy in the NGC/IC with a confirmed redshift (z = .1773), implying a light-travel time of 2.2 billion years. At 488x it appeared very faint, small, ~12"-15". It was generally seen as a low surface brightness diffuse glow with an even surface brightness, but occasionally sharpened to a distinct E-W elongated shape.
Max Wolf discovered IC 4017 = Wolf VI-138 on a plate taken 27 Jan 1904. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 00 14.8 +28 02 28; Com
V = 14.8; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9
18" (4/20/12): this member of the Coma cluster lies
1.7' WSW of slightly brighter
17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located 4.1' NNE of NGC 4889 in the core of AGC 1656 and similar to IC 4026 1.6' ENE.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4021 = K. 2-25 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."
******************************
IC 4026 = CGCG 160-250 = PGC 44749
13 00 22.1 +28 02 49; Com
V = 14.6; Size 0.3'x0.3'
18" (4/20/12): located 5' NE of NGC 4889 in the core of the Coma cluster, this galaxy appeared very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Slightly fainter IC 4021 lies 1.7' WSW and a faint mag 15 star is squeezed between the pair of galaxies.
17.5" (4/28/90): located in the core of AGC 1656 and form a pair with IC 4021 1.6' WSW. Extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, even surface brightness.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4026 = K. 2-26 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."
******************************
13 00 13.6 +37 08 29; CVn
V = 15.5; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 176°
24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely or very faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Located 4' SE of NGC 4893 (double system).
Max Wolf discovered IC 4027 = W. V-142b as well as nearby IC 4016, 4034 and 4038 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported "F, S, iF, N, [NGC] 4893 np."
******************************
13 00 27.8 +27 57 21; Com
V = 15.4; Size 0.5'x0.35'
18" (4/20/12): extremely faint and small, round,
8"-10" diameter, requires averted. Located 4.6' ESE of NGC 4889 and 2.2' E of
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4030 = K. 2-27 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, vS, R, * 15 inv."
******************************
13 00 28.4 +27 58 20; Com
V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.28'; PA = 101°
18" (4/20/12): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, required averted vision at 322x. Forms a difficult pair with IC 4033 1.0' N. Located just 4.4' E of NGC 4889 in AGC 1656.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4033 = K. 2-28 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, pS, R."
******************************
13 00 19.6 +37 02 46; CVn
V = 15.8; Size 0.4'x0.4'
24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely faint and small,
6" diameter. Near the visual
threshold though confirmed. Forms
a close pair with
Max Wolf discovered IC 4034 = W. V-146 as well as nearby IC 4016, 4027, and 4038 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported "cF, S, iF, N."
******************************
13 00 21.8 +37 02 22; CVn
V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.25'; PA = 168°
24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely or very faint, slightly elongated N-S, 12"x8". Slightly brighter of a close pair with IC 4034 0.6' NW.
Max Wolf discovered IC 4038 = W. V-150 as well as nearby IC 4016, 4027, and 4034 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported "F, vS, iF, N."
******************************
13 00 37.9 +28 03 27; Com
V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 160°
18" (4/20/12): very faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 25"x8". Located 8' NE of NGC 4889 in the Coma cluster and surrounded by several IC galaxies in an oval chain of galaxies to the east of 4889.
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, small, elongated
NNW-SSE. Located in the core of
AGC 1656 6.9' NE of NGC 4889.with
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4040 = K. 2-29 on 8 May 1896
with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, S, R, = B
306?." Kobold's position
corresponds with
******************************
13 00 40.9 +27 59 47; Com
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4
18" (4/20/12): very faint, very small, slightly elongated,
10" diameter. Located 7.3'
ENE of NGC 4889 in the large oval ring of galaxies that lie east of the giant
cD. Also situated 1.5' N of
slightly brighter
17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located in the core of AGC 1656 7.3' ENE of NGC 4889. Nearby galaxies include IC 4042 1.6' SSE and IC 4051 2.9' E.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4041 = K. 2-30 on 8 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, pS."
******************************
IC 4042 = CGCG 160-255 = MCG +05-31-086 = PGC 44808
13 00 42.8 +27 58 16; Com
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.6
18" (4/20/12): at 322x, faint, very small, round,
15" diameter, easily visible.
Forms a close pair with
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, extremely small, round. Located in the core of AGC 1656 7.6' E of NGC 4889. Nearby galaxies include IC 4051 3.2' NE and IC 4041 1.6' NNW.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4042 = K. 2-31 on 9 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "F, S, bM."
******************************
IC 4045 = MCG +05-31-088 = PGC 44818
13 00 48.7 +28 05 26; Com
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 115°
18" (4/20/12): faint to fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated, 20"x15".
Located 4' S of brighter
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, extremely small, slightly elongated, very small bright core. Located in the central region of AGC 1656 with NGC 4907 5' N, IC 4040 3' SW and NGC 4908 3' SSE.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4045 = Big. 307 = K. 2-45,
along with IC 4051, on 12 Apr 1891.
Hermann Kobold found it again on 8 May 1896 and noted "pF, S, bM, =
******************************
IC 4051 = MCG +05-31-090 = CGCG 160-258 = PGC 44828
13 00 51.5 +28 02 34; Com
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 51°
18" (4/20/12): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 24"x20", very small brighter nucleus. Forms a pair with slightly brighter NGC 4908 2.2' SSE (the identifications of IC 4051 and NGC 4908 are reversed in most catalogues). Located 10' NW of NGC 4889 in the Coma cluster.
17.5" (4/21/90): located on the east side of the core of AGC 1656. Faint, small, slightly elongated. A mag 15 star is attached at the NW edge. Nearby cluster galaxies include IC 4045 3' NNW, NGC 4908 2.2' SSE and IC 4040 3' WNW. This galaxy is identified as NGC 4908 in most modern catalogues (except MCG).
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4051 = Big. 308 on 12 Apr 1891. Kobold went through the field on 8 and 9 May 1896, though reversed the identities of NGC 4908 and IC 4051 (he added question marks to his identifications, so he was uncertain). Dreyer used Kobold's position for IC 4051, which matches NGC 4908. But as William Herschel picked up the brighter galaxy (H. III-363 = NGC 4908), then IC 4051 should apply to the fainter galaxy to the NNW. As a result, the modern identities are reversed. See Corwin's and Thomson's identification notes for the full story and my notes on NGC 4908.
******************************
13 00 44.3 +39 45 15; CVn
V = 15.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; very faint, fairly small,
round, 20" diameter, very faint stellar nucleus. A mag 12.4 star is 0.8' N. Located 6.8' SW of
Max Wolf discovered IC 4056 = W. V-159a on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 00 58.6 +39 51 32; CVn
V = 15.9; Size 0.4'x0.4'
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Requires averted vision. Situated just 1.9' NW of IC 4064.
Max Wolf discovered IC 4062 = W. V-162 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4064 = UGC 8131 = MCG +07-27-015 = CGCG 217-006 = PGC 44867
13 01 06.7 +39 50 29; CVn
V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 31°
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, very small bright core increases to the center. The halo increases with averted vision
and appears somewhat elongated SSW-NNE, ~50"x35". The galaxy forms a right angle with a
mag 10.2 star 1.2' E and a mag 12 star 1.6' S. Brightest in a small group (AWM 6) of otherwise faint
IC galaxies. IC 4062 is the
closest at 1.9' NW,
Max Wolf discovered IC 4064 = W. V-164 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4065 = MCG +07-27-016 = PGC 44868
13 01 11.0 +39 44 40; CVn
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 177°
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 18" diameter, compact. Easily visible as the surface brightness is moderately high. Located 5.8' SSE of IC 4064, the brightest galaxy in the group (AWM 6).
Max Wolf discovered IC 4065 = W. V-165 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4068 = MCG +07-27-017 = PGC 44889
13 01 20.2 +39 53 57; CVn
V = 15.1; Size 0.5'x0.35'; PA = 70°
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint but extremely small, 8"-10" diameter (core only?), moderately high surface brightness. Located 4.3' NE of IC 4064, the brightest in a group of faint IC galaxies (AWM 6).
Max Wolf discovered IC 4068 = W. V-167 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate. This galaxy is misidentified as IC 4067 in PGC, HyperLeda and SIMBAD, despite Wolf's good position.
******************************
13 02 04.0 -07 36 10; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 0.6'x0.4'
17.5" (5/22/93): faint, small, round. A mag 13 star is just off the north
edge 40" from the center.
Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4071 = D.S. 367 on a plate taken in July 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, considerably elongated at 10°."
******************************
13 01 43.4 +29 02 41; Com
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 89°
18" (4/30/11): faint, fairly small, elongated at least
2:1 E-W (sometimes appear nearly 3:1), ~0.6'x0.25', fairly low surface
brightness. Located 5.6' SSE of
Lawrence Parsons, the 4th Earl of Rosse, probably discovered
IC 4088 = Sf. 3 = Big. 309 on 24 Apr 1865, while observing what he assumed was
the NGC 4914 field. His diagram,
though, matches a field 8° further south!
If this identication is correct (proposed by Sue French), then NGC 4913
is a duplicate of
******************************
13 02 41.8 +21 59 51; Com
V = 17.9; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 17.0
48" (4/2/11): Wolfgang Steinicke lists IC 4107 as the faintest galaxy with a photographic magnitude of 18.5. The SDSS has several entries, so the photometry is unreliable. In any case, it is certainly one of the lowest in surface brightness.
It appeared extremely faint and small, round, ~10" (on
the SDSS image it appears larger).
The observation required averted vision and the glow was only
occasionally glimpsed but the position was verified and I felt confident of the
sighting. Located 1.4° ENE of
Max Wolf discovered IC 4107 = W. VI-165, along with several
other faint IC galaxies within
******************************
13 02 04.2 -11 22 42; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 170°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4134 = Big. 314 on 16 Apr 1895. THere is nothing near his position and this number was considered lost. But Corwin found the Bigourdan misidentified his offset star and once this is correct, IC 4134 = NGC 4920.
******************************
13 04 19.1 -07 38 59; Vir
V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.7; PA = 145°
See observing notes for
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4136 = D.S. 368 on a plate taken at
Harvard's Arequipa station in July of 1899. There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin suggests IC 4136 may be
identical to NGC 4942 and
******************************
IC 4156 = NGC 4948 = MCG -01-33-079 = Holm 505a = LGG 314-005 = PGC 45224
13 04 55.7 -07 56 46; Vir
V = 14.4; Size 2.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.9; PA = 130°
See observing notes for NGC 4948. Identification uncertain.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4156= D.S. 369 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in July of 1899. There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin suggests IC 4156 may be identical to NGC 4948 and IC 4136 may be NGC 4942. This requires he made an error of 1° 40' in the declination of both objects. Stewart mentions a position angle of 140° for this elongated galaxy, which supports this identification.
******************************
13 03 54.7 -11 30 18; Vir
V = 12.6; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 11.3; PA = 70°
48" (4/21/17): IC 4173 = NGC 4933A is the southwest
component of an interacting system.
At 488x it appeared bright, fairly small, round, 15" diameter. Strongly concentrated with a very small
bright nucleus and thin halo. A
tidal tail extension (either from
17.5" (5/17/90): very faint, extremely small, round. This is the fainter southwestern component of a double system with NGC 4933B in a common halo.
Wilhelm Tempel discovered IC 4173 = Big. 315 = NGC 4933sw
around 1882 with the 11-inch "Amici I" refractor near Florence, Italy. In his fifth discovery list, he
described in the narrative portion, "In case of nebula
Bigourdan independently resolved the two components (Big. 315 and 316) on 16 Apr 1895 while searching for NGC 4933, but he assumed these were new objects. Bigourdan is credited with the discovery in the IC. See NGC 4933 for this story. Gerard de Vaucouleurs assigned the letter suffixes NGC 4933A (for the southwest galaxy) and NGC 4933B in the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".
******************************
13 03 56.7 -11 29 53; Vir
V = 11.7; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 45°
48" (4/21/17): NGC 4933 is a double system consisting
of compact NGC 4933A = IC 4173 on the southwest side and NGC 4933B = IC 4176 on
the northeast end, separated by 45" between centers. At 488x, NGC 4933B appeared bright,
moderately large, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 SW-NE, ~1.0'x0.7'. Sharply concentrated with an intensely
bright nucleus. The north side has
a sharper light cut off [due to dust].
Located 7' NE of mag 7.9
17.5" (5/17/90): moderately bright, moderately large,
dominated by a bright core, faint extensions 2:1 SW-NE. Forms a contact pair with IC 4173 at
the west edge in a common halo (
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4176 = Big. 316, along with IC 4173 = Big. 315, on 16 Apr 1895. There is nothing near his positions for either object, but Harold Corwin found that Bigourdan misidentified his offset star. Once corrected his position corresponds with the two components of NGC 4933, with IC 4176 the brighter and larger northeastern galaxy. Gerard de Vaucouleurs assigned the letter suffixes NGC 4933A (for the southwest galaxy) and NGC 4933B in the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".
******************************
13 06 56.5 -23 55 01; Hya
V = 12.6; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 163°
24" (5/25/22): at 283x and 375x; moderately bright,
elongated ~5:3 NNW-SSE ~50"x30". Well concentrated with a small, roundish bright core and
stellar nucleus.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4180 = Sw. 11-148, along with IC 4196 (= NGC 4970) and IC 4197, on 27 Feb 1898. He noted "eeF; eS; R: 1st of 3" and his RA is just 8 seconds too small.
******************************
13 05 49.5 +37 36 16; CVn
V = 12.5; Size 6.0'x5.5'; Surf Br = 16.1
24" (5/22/17): at 124x; fairly faint, very large, very diffuse oval glow, roughly 4.5'x3.5' diameter E-W, This low surface brightness dwarf is a bit patchy or uneven but there no distinct core or nucleus was visible. A bright mag 11 star is superimposed on the southeast side and a mag 12 star is on the northeast side. IC 4182 is a nearby galaxy (~15 million l.y.) and a member of the Canes Venatici I cloud.
Max Wolf discovered IC 4182 = W. V-216 from a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.
Fritz Zwicky discovered the type-Ia SN 1937D in
******************************
13 08 47.4 -67 38 37; Mus
V = 10.6; Size 18"x11"
18" (7/7/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this bright, compact planetary was picked up by blinking with an OIII filter at 128x. IC 4191 forms the northern vertex of a small, distinctive triangle with a mag 10.6 star 1.1' SE and a slightly fainter mag 11 star 1.6' SSW. Excellent contrast gain of 2-3 magnitudes using the OIII filter. Without a filter, the planetary has that distinctive bluish color of planetaries and is slightly non-stellar with an extremely high surface brightness. At 293x a very small disc, perhaps 4"-5" in size is visible. The magnitude appears very similar to the mag 10.6 star 1.1' SE. Located 40' WNW of mag 4.8 Eta Muscae.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4191 = Fleming 107 in 1907 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 124).
******************************
13 07 33.7 -24 00 31; Hya
V = 12.2; Size 1.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 137°
See observing notes for NGC 4970.
Lewis Swift found IC 4196 = Sw. 11-149, along with IC 4180 and 4197, on 27 Feb 1898. He noted "eeF eS; R; 11m * near p[receding]; 2nd of 3." His position is just 10 seconds of RA east of NGC 4970 and the description matches. Howe reexamined the field the following year and noted "The "11m * nr p" is of mag 12, and precedes 11 seconds, 0.3' north.". Neither Swift, Howe or Dreyer suggested IC 4196 = NGC 4970.
******************************
IC 4197 = ESO 508-013 = MCG -04-31-036 = LGG 332-003 = PGC 45514
13 08 04.3 -23 47 49; Hya
V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 162°
24" (5/25/22): at 283x and 375x; moderately bright,
fairly large, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 N-S, ~50"x20", good-sized brighter
core (roundish) that brightens gradually to the center. Mag 7.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4197 = Sw. 11-150 on 27 Feb 1898. He noted "eeF; eS; R; 8m * 37 seconds following; 3rd of 3 [with IC 4180 and IC 4196 = NGC 4970]." Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1900 that Dreyer used for the IC 2 coordinates.
******************************
13 07 42.8 +24 48 38; Com
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 100°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 4198 = J. 3-1235 on 20 Jun 1895. His position as well as description ("F, cS, R") matches NGC 4979 = UGC 8209, though he added the comment "III 346 [NGC 4979] nr", implying he observed two objects. But there is only a single galaxy here, so IC 4198 = NGC 4979. Perhaps Javelle was misled by the poor NGC position for 4979. Dreyer was the first to suggest the equivalence in his 1912 NGC Correction list.
******************************
13 08 31.6 +24 42 03; Com
V = 14.2; Size 1.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 143°
24" (5/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, 40"x8". Appears as a thin streak of moderate surface brightness. NGC 4979 is 13' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4202 = J. 3-1236 on 20 Jun
1895. His position and description
matches
******************************
13 08 41.7 +52 46 27; UMa
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.0'
24" (7/23/20): at 260x; fairly faint, round, moderately large, ~0.8' diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter central region and a faint stellar nucleus. Overall the galaxy is diffuse with a fairly low surface brightness. A mag 12.4 star is 3.8' NE.
Lewis Swift found IC 4205 = Sw. 11-151 on 23 May 1897 and
described it as "vF, pL, R".
His position was 5' due north of
******************************
13 10 47.6 +29 42 36; Com
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 0°
24" (5/20/17): at 375x; very faint to faint, small,
elongated ~4:3 N-S, ~24"x18", low surface brightness, very weak
nucleus. A mag 15.2 star is 0.8'
SSE. Situated 5.3' NW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4210 = Big. 410 on 23 Apr 1897. He noted it was diffuse, 30" diameter, weak concentration.
******************************
13 12 11.2 +35 40 11; CVn
V = 13.3; Size 2.5'x0.5'; PA = 175°
24" (5/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly large,
thin ghostly edge-on, ~1.8'x0.35', very low surface brightness. No noticeable
bulge or core, though the central region is slightly brighter than the
extensions. Located 57' SSW of NGC
5033 and a member of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4213 = J. 3-1237 on 15 Jun 1903. His computed RA is 10 seconds too large.
******************************
13 17 42.7 -32 06 06; Cen
V = 11.4; Size 2.2'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 167°
24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 375x; bright, fairly large,
elongated 2:1 N-S, ~2'x1'. Very
strong concentration with a bright oval core and an intense nucleus. The halo faces out without a well
defined edge. A mag 11.2 star is
off the SSE end [1.6' from center].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4214 = Sw. 11-152, along with IC
4219, on 31 Dec 1897. He noted
"pB; pS; R; 9m star near south following; north preceding of 2 [with IC
4219]." There is nothing at
his position but exactly 1 min of RA following is
******************************
IC 4219 = ESO 444-006 = MCG -05-31-044 = PGC 46363
13 18 29.7 -31 37 51; Cen
V = 13.0; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8
24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 327x; fairly faint, round, 30"-35" diameter, diffuse appearance with a nearly even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is 2' SW. IC 4214 lies 30' SSW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4219 = Sw. 11-153, along with IC
4214, on 31 Dec 1897. He noted
"eeeF, pL, R, 9m * near south preceding, south following of 2 [with IC
4214]." There is nothing at his position but 52 seconds (time) of RA east
(similar offset as IC 4214) is
******************************
13 19 40.6 -27 25 44; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 102°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4222 = Sw. 11-154 on 28 Mar 1898 and
reported "eeeF; eS; R; [NGC] 5078 near nf." There is nothing near his position, which is 1 degree south
of
******************************
13 24 50.4 -30 18 27; Cen
V = 12.1; Size 2.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 9°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4233 = Sw. 11-155 on 31 Dec 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; trapezium near sf." There is nothing at his position, but 50 seconds of RA east is NGC 5124 and his description matches if the trapezium is due south.
******************************
13 22 59.9 +27 06 59; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 27°
18" (6/21/03): faint, very small, irregular round,
15" diameter. Brightens
somewhat to a faint stellar nucleus at 323x. Located 8' N of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4234 = J. 3-1244 on 11 Jun 1895 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
******************************
13 23 27.5 +06 23 33; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 100°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4236 = Sw. 11-156 on 22 May 1897 and reported "eeeF; pS; eE; in vacancy; v diff[icult]." There is nothing at his position, but exactly 10' N is NGC 5118. The description "eE" doesn't apply to this roundish galaxy, though in his earlier discovery list 1 from Lowe Observatory he only calls the nebula "cE" or "considerably elongated". See Harold Corwin's notes for more, but IC 4236 is very likely a duplicate of NGC 5118.
******************************
13 24 32.6 -21 08 12; Vir
V = 12.4; Size 2.0'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140°
17.5" (5/19/01): faint but moderately large glow,
elongated 4:3 NW-SE, no central concentration. Located 11' due west of brighter
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4237 = Big. 317 on 9 May 1896.
******************************
13 24 25.5 +30 57 33; CVn
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 145°
18" (6/21/03): extremely faint, very small, 0.4'x0.3'. Low, even surface brightness, requires
averted vision. Located 6.3' ESE
of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4239 = J. 3-1246 on 30 Jun
1896 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. UGC has a typo and labels
******************************
13 29 47.6 -28 00 23; Hya
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 140°
17.5" (6/2/00): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE,
0.5'x0.3', low even surface brightness.
Located 14' NW of
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4261 = F. 1056 on a plate taken 4 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "bM, magn 14."
******************************
13 28 33.2 +46 55 37; CVn
V = 14.5; Size 2.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 105°
17.5" (5/10/86): extremely faint, edge-on streak
WNW-ESE, averted vision required.
Located 20' SW of
James Keeler discovered IC 4263 on two long-exposure plates
of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick
Observatory. (MN, 59, 1899, pg
537). He described it as
"spindle-shaped; diam. = 0.2'." with an additional note "long
and narrow, with a bright, somewhat irregular axis." It was included in the 1908
Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue of as #667 of 744 new
"nebulae". UGC has a
typo and labels this galaxy
******************************
13 33 32.8 -65 58 27; Mus
V = 9.5; Size 185"x130"
See observing notes for
Williamina Fleming found IC 4274 = Fleming 93 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station in 1901 and reported it as new in Harvard Circular 60. Dreyer missed the equivalence in position with NGC 5189. The North Polar Distance in the IC has a typo of 115°. It should read 155° based on the original position, matching NGC 5189.
******************************
13 30 16.6 +47 18 52; CVn
Size 0.7'x0.15'; PA = 95°
48" (4/2/11): fainter of two IC galaxies very near
M51. At 488x it appeared extremely
faint, fairly small, edge-on 4:1 E-W, 30"x8". Located 4' NE of the center of NGC
5195, not far from the faint streamers that extend north from
James Keeler discovered IC 4277 on two long-exposure plates of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick Observatory. He noted it was "very narrow; length = 0.6'." It was included in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue as #668 of 744 new "nebulae".
******************************
13 30 27.5 +47 14 49; CVn
V = 16.6; Size 0.4'x0.4'
48" (4/2/11): brighter of two IC galaxies (along with IC 4277) very near M51. This small galaxy is located just 6.7' NW of the center of M51 and 5' ESE of NGC 5195. At 488x it was easily visible as a faint, small, round glow, 12" diameter, contains a small bright core. About 2' N is a triangle of mag 13.3/15.5/16 stars (sides 1'-1.5').
James Keeler discovered IC 4278 on two long-exposure plates of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick Observatory. He noted it was "round; diam = 0.2'; central condensation". It was included in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue as #669 of 744 new "nebulae".
******************************
13 32 53.4 -24 12 26; Hya
V = 12.5; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.3
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; moderately bright,
slightly elongated, ~40" diameter, broad and weak concentration. The
appearance is a bit irregular and slightly mottled. Mag 10.7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4280 = Sw. 11-157 on 23 May 1898 and reported "eF; pS; R; vF * near n[orth] and brighter one nf [north-following]." His RA was 23 seconds too small, but the description is a perfect match.
******************************
13 36 55 -62 05 36; Cen
V = 9.7; Size 4'
18" (4/1/19 - OzSky): at 182x; very elongated cluster in a triangular, wedge-shaped outline with the brightest mag 10.8 star at the NE tip. Five additional stars are close by to the south. Another small group of stars forms the west vertex, with these stars detached from the first group by a noticeable gap or hole in the cluster. A few additional stars form the eastern side of the triangle. Perhaps 20-25 stars in total were resolved.
Robert Innes discovered IC 4291 visually in 1901 using the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. He remarked, "this is a small round nebula about 1' in diameter, brighter towards the centre." Harold Corwin notes that although Innes' description seems to refer to a small nebula or galaxy, this is a open cluster spanning 4' or 5', with a brighter core of 2'.
Paris Pismis reported it as new in her 1959 list of 24 new clusters found with the Schmidt camera at the Tonantzila observatory and noted Pismis 18 as "Six stars brighter than 10.5m to 12m; the brightness of the members gradually declines."
******************************
13 36 39.1 -33 57 59; Cen
V = 10.6; Size 3.4'x3.2'; Surf Br = 13.2
17.5" (4/21/01): moderately bright, moderately large,
at least 2' diameter, round, bright core, stellar nucleus. IC 4296 is a giant elliptical and the
brightest member of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4296 = Sw. 11-158, along with IC
4299, on 30 Dec 1897 and reported it as "pF; pS; R." His position is 7' too far south,
misplacing IC 4296 ~2' SW of
******************************
IC 4299 = ESO 383-042 = MCG -06-30-017 = PGC 48057
13 36 47.5 -34 03 58; Cen
V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 58°
17.5" (4/21/01): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'. Moderate concentration with a small brighter core. Located 6' SSE of IC 4296 in AGC 3565.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4299 = Sw. 11-159, along with IC 4296, on 30 Dec 1897 and reported it as "eeeF; eeS; like D * one nebulous." Howe examined the field in 1900 and noted "of this the discoverer says "like a D *, one nebulous." I cannot perceive this appearance." Howe was correct - there is no nearby star, despite Swift including it in a short paper on "Remarkable Nebulae" in the 1902 Popular Astronomy.
******************************
13 35 25.2 +33 25 11; CVn
V = 15.1; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 163°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; very faint or faint, extremely
small, round, ~8" diameter.
Westernmost and smallest member of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4300 = J. 3-1261 on 16 Jun 1903. His position is accurate. The other members of the IC 4304 group were discovered earlier on 1 Jul 1896.
******************************
13 35 35.8 +33 22 28; CVn
V = 14.7; Size 1.2'x0.3'; PA = 130°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; very faint or faint, fairly small, very elongated ~3:1 NW-SE, 21"x7", nearly even surface brightness. Located 5.7' SW of IC 4304 in a sextet of IC galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4301 = J. 3-1262, along with
******************************
IC 4302 = UGC 8580 = MCG +06-30-051 = FGC 1641 = PGC 47935
13 35 35.9 +33 28 46; CVn
V = 15.1; Size 1.4'x0.17'; PA = 126°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; extremely faint, fairly small,
very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, ~20"x5", very low surface brightness
requiring averted vision. Located
4.7' W of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4302 = J. 3-1263, along with IC 4301, 4304, 4305 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4304 = UGC 8586 = MCG +06-30-055 = CGCG 190-032 = WBL 457-001 = PGC 47980
13 35 57.9 +33 25 48; CVn
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 41°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 45"x15", small bright core, stellar
nucleus. Brightest in a group of
six IC galaxies including
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4304 = J. 3-1264, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4305 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4305 = MCG +06-30-054 = CGCG 190-033 = WBL 457-002 = PGC 47981
13 35 58.4 +33 28 26; CVn
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 173°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, small, round, 25" diameter, small bright core, stellar nucleus. In a group of IC galaxies with IC 4304 2.8' S and IC 4302 4.7' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4305 = J. 3-1265, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4304 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4306 = MCG +06-30-058 = CGCG 190-035 = WBL 457-003 = PGC 48015
13 36 19.6 +33 25 24; CVn
V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.35'; PA = 81°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; faint, small, slightly elongated, ~15"x10" (core region only), very faint stellar nucleus. I didn't pick up the very low surface brightness arms. A mag 14 star (close double) is less than 1' W. Located 4.6' E of IC 4304 in a group of 6 IC galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4306 = J. 3-1266, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4304 and 4305, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 36 36.1 +27 14 32; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5" (5/11/02): very faint, very small, round,
20" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 14 star is 1.6' W. Located 15' SW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4307 = J. 3-1267 on 7 May 1904 and reported "F, 25" to 30", elongated E-W, * 11 p 6 secs."
******************************
13 49 05.3 -30 17 45; Cen
V = 11.3; Size 3.4'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 63°
17.5" (3/12/88): fairly faint, fairly small, oval
WSW-ENE, bright core, stellar nucleus.
Forms a pair with
Herbert Howe discovered IC 4329 = Ho. III-20 on 21 Jun 1900 with the 20-inch Clark refractor at Chamberlin Observatory in Colorado. He noted "F, cS, bM" and measured an accurate position, though he missed IC 4329A.
******************************
14 05 20.6 -84 16 22; Oct
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 62°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; fairly faint,
moderately large, very elongated 5:1 (SW-NE), ~1.25'x0.25', brighter bulging
core, tapers at the tips. Located
20' NW of mag 6.8
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4333 = D.S. 382 on a plate taken 13 Jun 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, extremely extended at 40°, position approximate, susp."
******************************
13 52 19.3 +14 16 19; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.35'; PA = 106°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; faint or fairly faint, small,
roundish, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Member of the WBL 470 group with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4337 = Sw. 11-160 on 25 Jun 1897 and reported "eeeF; pL; R; eee diff; 3rd of 4; others in Index Cat." His position is 2' too far NW.
******************************
13 52 54.5 -01 06 52; Vir
V = 11.3; Size 4.2'x3.0'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 15°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4338 = Sw. 11-161 on 20 Apr 1897 and recorded "vL, eF, C E n & s; in field with 5334. A F st close to each end of major axis." His RA is just 0.2 minutes west of NGC 5334. In his earlier Lowe Observatory discovery list, he has a note reading "This is a remarkable object. I have never seen one just like it. It resembles an elliptical planetary nebula. The light is evenly diffused, and the limb sharp as a planet. Strange, Sir William Herschel missed it, being so near his III 665 [NGC 5334]. Munich 9619 is nf 121 seconds." But there is only one galaxy here, so it's unclear what other object Swift is referring to. See Harold Corwin's notes. The discovery date may be 30 Apr 1897 as Swift stated in his second list of Lowe Observatory discoveries. There was a 6 month gap in his discoveries due to a trip back east and his wife's death.
******************************
13 54 22.1 +25 09 11; Boo
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.3'
17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, round, 20"
diameter. Located just south of a
small group of stars including mag 8.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4342 = J. 3-1279, along with
******************************
IC 4343 = MCG +04-33-024 = CGCG 132-044 = PGC 49470
13 54 55.8 +25 07 22; Boo
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.4'
17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, small, slightly elongated, 30" diameter, very weak concentration. Nearly collinear with two mag 10-11 stars 6.5' and 9' S. In a group of 7 IC galaxies as well as HCG 69.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4343 = J. 3-1280 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
******************************
13 55 12.6 +25 01 18; Boo
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'
17.5" (4/13/96): very faint, very small, round,
25" diameter, low even surface brightness. Located 1.8' S of brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4344 = J. 3-1281 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
******************************
IC 4345 = MCG +04-33-025 = CGCG 132-046 = Holm 556a = PGC 95536
13 55 13.4 +25 03 07; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 0.9'x0.9'
17.5" (4/13/96): brightest member of a cluster
including HCG 69 close following. Fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.6'.
Sharp concentration with a very small bright core. Located 2.3' NNE mag
11.5 star. Forms a pair with IC 4344
1.8' S. HCG 69 is less than 5'
E. RC3 and PGC misidentify IC 4345
with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4345 = J. 3-1282 on 15 Jun
1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
He noted "cF, vS, R, N, stell." PGC and RC3 (and secondary sources such as Megastar
software) misidentifies
******************************
13 55 40.6 +25 09 11; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 0°
17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, round, 20"
diameter, low even surface brightness.
First of three in a close trio with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4346 = J. 3-1283 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
******************************
13 57 44 -39 58 42; Cen
Size 4'x3'
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4347 = Sw. 11-162 on 30 Dec 1897 and reported an "8m * in center of eeeF nebulosity". He added the note "This is a perect speciment of a nebulous star, and the only one I have ever found, and a beautiful one it is." His position is just off the southwest side of NGC 5367 and the description matches. In his earlier 7th discovery list from Lowe he added the comment "An 8m star follows 15s, which was free from nebulosity." Swift included this object in a short article in the 1902 Popular Astronomy titled "Remarkable Nebulae". He wrote "this is a beautiful nebulous star of the 8th mag exactly in the center of a nebulous atmosphere, whose outlines are a sharp as the planet Jupiter."
******************************
IC 4348 = MCG +04-33-030 = CGCG 132-050 = PGC 49531
13 55 45.1 +25 12 11; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 131°
17.5" (6/8/96): faint, small, round, 25" diameter,
even surface brightness. Located
3.1' N of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4348 = J. 3-1284 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
******************************
IC 4349 = MCG +04-33-032 = CGCG 132-051 = PGC 49530
13 55 46.3 +25 09 07; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 119°
17.5" (6/8/96): brightest and largest of a close trio within the IC 4345 cluster. Faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 40"x25". IC 4346 lies 1.3' W and IC 4348 3.1' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4349 = J. 3-1285 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
******************************
13 57 13.9 -25 14 45; Hya
V = 12.7; Size 1.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 136°
14.5" (7/1/21): at 182x and 226x; between faint and fairly faint, small, roundish (core region only). A mag 13.5 star is at the S edge and hindered the view. Occasionally, I had a brief glimpse of the outer halo. Two mag 10 stars are 4' N and 5' NW. Located 24' SW of mag 5.2 47 Hydrae.
48" (5/8/21): at 488x; moderately bright, contains a fairly small oval core 3:2 NW-SE, ~0.4' diameter. The outer envelope was faint and slightly more elongated, ~50"x30". A mag 13.5 star is at the S edge.
IC 4350 (often called AM -1310-250) is a collisional ring
galaxy with a active star-forming ring.
The collider (similar redshift) is likely
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4350 = Sw. 11-163 on 21 Apr 1898 and noted "eeeF; eeeS; like a D * n, n[orth] one a nebula." Despite being discovered within the last couple months of observing career, when many of his positions were quite poor, Swift was off by less than 2' in this case. He added a note (along with several other discoveries) that at first glance this nebula appeared like a double star.
******************************
13 57 53.8 -29 18 55; Hya
V = 11.7; Size 6.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 17°
13.1" (4/10/86): fairly faint, very elongated streak 5:1 SSW-NNE. A mag 13.5 star is off the east edge of the core.
Robert Innes discovered IC 4351 in 1901 with the 7-inch Merz
refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. He was searching for
******************************
13 58 25.1 -34 31 02; Cen
V = 12.7; Size 1.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 88°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; almost moderately
bright (easy direct vision), very elongated ~3:1 E-W. ~50"x15". A mag 14.5 star is superimposed on the
NE side. A string of stars trending WSW to ENE is a couple of arc minutes
north, with a mag 11 star at the ENE end.
IC 4352 forms the S vertex of an isosceles triangle with mag 7.5 HD
121760 8' NNW and mag 7.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4352 = Sw. 11-164 on 19 May 1898
and reported "several eF st[ars] in eeF neb; 2 8m st n[orth]." His position is 3' SW of
******************************
13 58 45.0 +37 29 28 ; CVn
V = 15.3; Size 0.4'x0.3'
48" (4/1/11): picked up while observing the beautiful
18" (5/3/08): extremely faint and small knot, 10"
diameter, required averted vision.
Located 4' NNE of NGC 5395/94 interacting pair (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4356 = J. 3-1287 on 19 Jun 1897. His declination is off by 1' (error in position of his reference star).
******************************
14 03 34.2 -10 09 04; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.3'; PA = 112°
24" (6/15/15): faint to fairly faint, fairly small,
thin edge-on 7:2 WNW-ESE, 0.7'x0.2', weak concentration. Located 4.6' WSW of brighter
Max Wolf discovered IC 4358 photographically in Apr 1905. The discovery was mentioned in the note "Ein schöner Spiralnebel" (AN 168 [4013], 75), which describes IC 971. DeLisle Stewart reported the galaxy as found on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station, taken in 1899, but not published until 1908. It was described as "eeF, vS, considerably elongated at 110·."
******************************
14 04 19.7 -09 59 36; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 75°
24" (6/15/15): at 260x; faint, fairly small, roundish, low even surface brightness, 25" diameter. Located 11' NE of brighter IC 971.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4364 = D.S. 387 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, R."
******************************
14 03 47.3 +09 31 25; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 0°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4365 = Big. 319 on 12 May 1896
while searching for Tempel's
******************************
14 05 36.6 -39 12 12; Cen
V = 12.3; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 327x; appeared fairly faint
at a low altitude (12°), oval 4:3 N-S, slightly brighter core, overall fairly
low surface brightness. Situated
in a rich Centaurus star field with mag 9.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4367 = Sw. 11-165 on 30 Jan 1898 and reported "eeF; pS; R; between 2 stars near center of trapezoid." His position is just 1' E of center.
******************************
14 04 05.9 +33 19 14; CVn
V = 15.2; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1
24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 327x; appeared fairly faint at a low altitude (12°), oval 4:3 N-S, slightly brighter core, overall fairly low surface brightness. Situated in a rich Centaurus star field with mag 9.5 HD 122918 4' S, a mag 9.7 star 4.7' E and a mag 10.8 star 5' W. Nearby is a mag 14 star 1' SE, two mag 15 stars 1' NE and additional stars within 2' to the west.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4367 = Sw. 11-165 on 30 Jan 1898 and reported "eeF; pS; R; between 2 stars near center of trapezoid." His position is just 1' E of center.
******************************
IC 4369 = HCG 70E = MCG +06-31-058 = PGC 50134
14 04 05.9 +33 19 14; CVn
V = 15.2; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1
48" (5/12/18): at 488x; moderately to fairly bright,
slightly elongated N-S, ~25"x20", very small bright core, stellar
nucleus. This member of the
18" (5/15/10): at 285x, this member of HCG 70 appeared
extremely faint and small, round, just 6" diameter. Forms the western vertex of a small
isosceles triangle with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4369 = J. 3-1289, along with
IC 4370 and 4371, on 3 Jul 1896.
His position is an exact match with
******************************
IC 4370 = HCG 70D = MCG +06-31-060 = CGCG 191-046n = PGC 50138
14 04 09.9 +33 20 45; CVn
V = 15.3; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 96°
48" (5/12/18): at 488x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Situated just 30" N of UGC 8990 = HCG 70A.
18" (5/15/10): at 285x the "D" component of HCG 70 appeared extremely faint and small, round, just 10" diameter. Just large enough to be distinguished as a nebulous object. Forms a close pair with HCG 70A = UGC 8992 just 30" S.
17.5" (4/18/98): faintest of three members of HCG 70 viewed with certainty. This object was just glimpsed as an extremely faint "star" just off the north side of the edge-on UGC 8990 = HCG 70A. This "detection" was repeated several times but was much more difficult than 70A.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4370 = J. 3-1290, along with
IC 4369 and 4371, on 3 Jul 1896.
He described it as "faint, irregular form, 25"-30",
gradually brighter in the middle, near a mag 14 star." His position is an exact match with HCG
70D = PGC 50138. Curiously, he
apparently missed
******************************
IC 4371 = HCG 70B = Holm 579a = MCG +06-31-061 = CGCG 191-045 = PGC 50140
14 04 10.9 +33 18 28; CVn
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.55'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 50°
48" (5/12/18): at 488x; bright to very bright, moderately large, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.4'. A mag 11 star is 2.3' due south. HCG 70A (often misidentified as IC 4371) is 1.8' due north.
18" (5/15/10): largest and brightest member of HCG
70. At 285x appeared faint, fairly
small, sharply concentrated with a bright core and faint halo 4:3 SW-NE,
~30"x22". A mag 11 star
(
17.5" (4/18/98): the largest member of HCG 70 group appears faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 40"x25". Situated midway between the HCG 70A/D pair 2' N and a mag 10-11 2' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4371 = J. 3-1291, along with
IC 4369 and 4370, on 3 Jul 1896.
His position is an exact match with
******************************
14 07 29.8 -27 01 04; Hya
V = 12.7; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 106°
25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): this galaxy is the brightest
cluster member in
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4374 = Sw. 11-166 on 21 Apr 1898 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; forms part of trapezium; not [NGC 5495]." His position and description is good despite discovery in the last couple of months of his observing career when many of his discoveries have very poor positions.
******************************
14 08 03.0 -33 18 53; Cen
V = 11.9; Size 3.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 22°
18" (5/16/09): fairly faint, moderately large, very
elongated 7:2 SSW-NNE, 1.8'x0.5', bright core with much fainter
extensions. Located close north of
mag 9 star
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4375 = D.S. 393 on an Arequipa
plate in 1900 and measured an accurate position. John Herschel probably discovered this galaxy in 1837 and
catalogued it as h3558 (later GC 3796 = NGC 5488), but his position was
poor. See
******************************
14 10 57.2 +25 29 51; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 135°
17.5" (6/8/96): brightest member of
Stephane Javelle found IC 4381 = J. 3-1294, along with IC 4382, on 15 Jun 1895. NGC 5008, discovered by d'Arrest, is probably an earlier observation. There is nothing at d'Arrest's position, but Harold Corwin noticed that IC 4381 is exactly 1 hour of RA east. In addition, a mag 10.5 star precedes by 1.2 seconds (as per d'Arrest), though the star is ~90" south (not north). So, NGC 5008 = IC 4381, assuming d'Arrest made these two errors. See NGC 5008 for more.
******************************
IC 4382 = HCG 71B = CGCG 132-079 = CGCG 133-002 = Holm 598b = PGC 50635
14 11 02.6 +25 31 10; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 11.9
17.5" (6/8/96): faint, fairly small, elongated nearly 3:1 N-S, 0.8'x0.3'. Higher surface brightness than larger IC 4381 = HCG 71A 1.8' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4382 = J. 3-1295, along with IC 4381, on 15 Jun 1895.
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14 12 12.7 +15 52 08; Boo
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.45'
18" (6/18/04): faint, small, round, 15"
diameter. Forms a close pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4386 = Big. 416 on 26 May
1894. He noted it was glimpsed at
a distance of 1.5' to 1.8' in PA 340° from NGC 5504. At this offset is
******************************
14 17 21.1 +26 51 27; Boo
Size 1.0'x0.8'
24" (7/1/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 30"x25", occasional faint stellar nucleus. A mag 11.7 star is 2.0' S. Located 11' WNW of mag 8.2 HD 125320. A faint edge-on companion at the west edge (apparently responsible for tidal distortions in IC 4395) was not seen.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4395 = J. 3-1297 on 14 Jun 1895. He reported it as "faint, round, 20"-25" diameter, stellar center".
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14 17 58.7 +26 24 46; Boo
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 165°
17.5" (6/2/00): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2
N-S, 1.2'x0.8', weak concentration, fairly low surface brightness. Located 10' NW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4397 = Big. 419 = J. 3-1299 on 23 Jun 1889. Javelle found it again on 11 Jun 1895, measured it on 3 nights and both are credited in the IC. Bigourdan's Comptes Rendus table gives the discovery date as 23 Jun 1898, so Javelle may have been the first observer.
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14 19 25.1 -04 29 21; Vir
V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 21°
18" (6/18/04): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
3:2 ~SW-NE, though the orientation shifted slightly with averted vision. Weak
concentration to a small, slightly brighter core. Visible with direct vision,
though mostly the small core remained. Second brightest of trio with much
fainter
Herbert Howe discovered IC 4401 = Ho. II-11 on 10 May 1899
and recorded "vF, S, mE 200°."
His position matches
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14 21 13.1 -46 17 52; Lup
V = 11.6; Size 4.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 127°
22" (6/28/06 - Hawaii): fairly faint, large, edge-on 5:1 NW-SE, 3.5'x0.7'. Fairly low even surface brightness with only a broad very concentration to a slightly brighter bulging core. Faint stars at both the NW and SE ends of the galaxy and a string of 4 stars mag 13-14 begins at the star at the SE end and curves away from the galaxy towards the NE.
12.5" (6/24/06 - Haleakala Crater): at 180x, this edge-on appeared fairly faint, very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, ~3.5'x0.7', broad concentration to a bulging core. Situated in a rich star field with a number of faint stars nearby including two mag 14 stars at the NW tip, a mag 13 star at off the SE end, a mag 14 star that is embedded just NW of the core and a mag 13.5 star off the NE side of the core. Located 23' SE of mag 3.6 Iota Lupi.
18" (7/5/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at
228x, this surprisingly bright and large IC galaxy seemed out of place in a
very rich Lupus star field. The
galaxy is very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, 4'x0.8', with an irregular or mottled
surface brightness (probably due to an equatorial dust lane which bisects the
galaxy), though there was no visible core. It nearly extends between a mag 13 star near the SE end and
a pair of mag 14 stars just beyond the NE tip. Located 6' NE of mag 9.4
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4402 = F. 1099 on 13 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "Streak, 2.9' by 0.4' at 125°, tapers to sharp points."
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14 19 16.5 +26 17 55; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 66°
17.5" (6/2/00): very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.7' diameter. Located just south of two mag 11 stars (closer star is 1.4' N). A mag 13.5 star lies 1.3' WNW. Located 11' E of NGC 5553.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4405 = J. 3-1303 on 14 Jun 1895.
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14 22 26.2 -44 09 03; Lup
V = 10.2; Size 100"x37"
18" (7/5/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 228x, this is a very striking planetary with an unusual appearance. The main body is bright and boxy, roughly 25" diameter with a bluish color. A number of mag 14 stars appear to huddle around the planetary including a mag 13.5 star at the west end and some additional mag 13 stars are within 2'. Much fainter extensions or wings are just visible extending E-W from the main body with the western wing slightly more prominent (though this may be due to the superimposed star). The wings are more obvious when a UHC filter is used. At 293x, three collinear stars are just off the west edge with the western extension encompassing the closest star. The wings increase the overall dimensions to ~60"x25".
13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 140x this bright bipolar planetary appeared fairly small, 20"-25" diameter with a high surface brightness and a bluish color. The outline is unusual, appearing somewhat boxy or rectangular in appearance. A faint star is just off the west edge. At 195x there appeared to be very faint extensions ~E-W, increasing the dimensions to 2:1.
13.1" (3/17/86 and 4/10/86): fairly bright and prominent with a Daystar 300 filter although viewed at a low elevation. Fairly small, 35" diameter, smooth disc. Visually appeared almost round although photos reveal a very elongated shape. No central star seen at 214x. A mag 13.5 star is just off the west edge.
13.1" (6/18/85): viewed for 1-2 minutes as it appeared and disappeared just east of Fremont Peak from Coulter Row. Appeared fairly bright and fairly small and roundish.
Williamina Fleming found IC 4406 = D.S. 403 = Fleming 94 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken with the 24-inch Bruce astrograph from Arequipa (Harvard Circular 60, July 6 1901). DeLisle Stewart perhaps made an earlier discovery on a plate taken in 1899 (same plate as Fleming?). The position and description was published in the large table in Annals of Harvard Observatory, 60, 1908. He noted "2 nebulous stars make dumb-bell, remarkable."
Robert Innes independently discovered it on 14 Aug 1901 with the 7-inch Metz refractor of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. He wrote, "..this is a fine planetary nebula, 10th magnitude, about 20" in diameter. Examined on the same night with the 18-inch telescope, it appears dumb-bell-shaped. Mr. Lunt, with the 24" objective prism found the spectrum to be that of a gaseous nebula. This nebula also appears on several Carte du Ciel plates...This nebula was also found at Arequipa. See Harvard CIrcular, No. 60, receivered here 22 Aug 1901." Perhaps surprisingly, John Herschel missed this fairly bright planetary.
******************************
13 52 05.9 -06 03 30; Vir
V = 11.7; Size 2.3'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 170°
See observing notes for
William Henry Finlay discovered IC 4407 on 20 Sep 1883 with
either the 6-inch or 7-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good
Hope. There is nothing at his
position, roughly determined using circle readings. PGC, HyperLEDA, RC3 and SIMBAD identify
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14 23 10.3 +26 15 57; Boo
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 150°
17.5" (6/23/01): faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 0.7'x0.5', weak concentration. Located 1.9' NNW of a mag 10.5 star. The galaxy did not appear as elongated as dimensions imply, so probably only viewed the inner region.
Stephane Javelle found IC 4412 = J. 1306 on 14 Jul
1895. His position in his third
list matches
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14 23 42.7 +28 20 48; Boo
Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (5/31/22): IC 4414 = IC 1008 is a merged
interacting pair with the nuclei separated by less than 15". At 327x, it appeared fairly faint,
slightly elongated SW-NE, ~30"-35" diameter, fairly low surface
brightness. Increasing to 375x, I
saw a small, but definite brightening at the NE end. This is the nucleus of the NE component (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4414 = J. 3-1308 on 27 Jul 1895. His position is accurate.
Truman Safford probably made an earlier discovery on 4 May
1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. There is nothing at his position for
Sf. 5 (later
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14 28 31.3 -37 35 01; Cen
V = 12.4; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 164°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; moderately bright, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.4', broad concentration. A mag 15 star is off the NW edge, 0.6' from center. Nearby is a mag 11 star 1.6' ENE and a mag 12 star 3' NE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4421 = Sw. 11-170 on 19 May 1898 and reported "eeF; vS; R; faint star near following." His RA was 23 seconds of time too small, but the identification is certain.
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14 27 32.4 +04 49 18; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 121°
24" (5/11/13): at 282x appeared fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~24"x14". A mag 16 star is just off the south side, 15" from
center. Second brightest in the
17.5" (6/8/91): faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, weak
concentration. Second brightest in
trio with NGC 5619 3.5' WSW and
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 4424 = Big. 320 on 8 May 1878. During an observation of NGC 5619 he added the note "+ une autre très faible". Although Stephan only listed a single position for NGC 5619, the other object is almost certainly IC 4424. Yann Pothier credits Auguste Voigt, who preceded Stephan as director of the observatory, with the original discovery on 20 Mar 1865. IC 4424 isn't included, though, in Voigt's list of 102 nebulae observed in the spring and summer of 1865.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4424 = Big. 320 again on 23 May 1892. His position matches CGCG 047-048 = PGC 51624. Lewis Swift also discovered this galaxy on 28 Apr 1891 and described Sw. 10-26 (later IC 1016) as "vF; vS; R; f[ollowing] of NGC 5619." His RA, though, was 1.3 minutes too large, so Dreyer assigned two IC designations, assuming they were different. Finally, RNGC identifies this galaxy as NGC 5619B, so it has 3 designations! IC 4424 is used in most modern sources due to the unambiguous position.
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14 27 09.5 +30 56 54; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 112°
24" (5/31/22): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 30" diameter, low even surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4431 = J. 3-1316 on 9 Jul 1896. He noted it as "faint, round, 40" to 50", round, gradually condensed, distinctly grainy."
Truman Safford made the original discovery on 9 May
1866. He position for Sf. 8 (later
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14 31 39.1 -43 25 09; Lup
V = 11.4; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.2
25" (4/4/19 - OzSky): at 244x; very bright, fairly
large, oval 5:4 or 4:3 E-W, ~1.5'x1.2'.
Sharp concentration with a small, bright core and a sharp extremely
bright stellar nucleus at the center.
ESO 272-011, which is misidentified as IC 4441 in several
sources, is located 17' SW. It appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.6' SE of mag 8.9
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4441 = Sw. 11-171 on 28 Mar 1897
and noted "pF; pS; R."
There is nothing at his position but ESO and PGC (as well as HyperLEDA)
identify IC 4441 as ESO 272-011, which is 1.1 minutes of RA to the west and
2.4' S of Swift's position. But
this galaxy is very likely too faint to have been picked up by Swift and
furthermore lies less than 2' SE of a 9th mag star that certainly would have
been mentioned in the description.
Instead IC 4441 is much more likely applies to
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14 28 45.3 +28 57 51; Boo
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 25°
17.5" (6/20/98): faint, small, round, 25"
diameter, weak concentration.
Forms the north vertex of an obtuse triangle with two mag 13.5/14 stars
1.3' SE and 2.2' WSW. Located 11'
NW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4405 = J. 3-1319 on 27 Jul 1895. His computed dec is ~2' too far south, with the error apparently due to a poor position for his reference star.
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IC 4444 = IC 4441 = ESO 272-014 = MCG -07-30-002 = PGC 51905
14 31 39.1 -43 25 09; Lup
V = 11.4; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.2
25" (4/4/19 - OzSky): at 244x; very bright, fairly large, oval 5:4 or 4:3 E-W, ~1.5'x1.2'. Sharp concentration with a small, bright core and a sharp extremely bright stellar nucleus at the center. ESO 272-011 (misidentified as IC 4441 in the ESO) lies 17' SW.
ESO 272-011 (misidentied as IC 4441 in several sources), located 17' SW, appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.6' SE of mag 8.9 HD 126996. This star is at the eastern vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 9.4 3.3' to it NNW and a mag 11.3 star 3.3' to its W.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4444 = D.S. 407 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, * M, spir or ring nebula, remarks (AN. 147, 209, Sw. XI, 171, p[recedes] 0.3m, s[outh] 6')." His remark states "observed by Frost on A 6765 as bM, magn. 13." Stewart referenced Swift's IC 4441, discovered on 28 Mar 1897, and described as "pF; pS; R." There is nothing at Swift's position and ESO and PGC identify ESO 272-011 as IC 4441.
But Malcolm Thomson argues (and Corwin concurs) that ESO 272-011 is too faint to have been seen by Swift and it is much more likely that IC 4441 is an earlier observation of IC 4444. In addition, ESO 272-011 has a nearby 9th mag star that Swift would have almost certainly have mentioned. See Malcolm Thomson's IC identifications.
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14 29 18.0 +30 49 56; Boo
V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 174°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, small bright nucleus, oval 3:2 N-S, 25" diameter. A mag 12.7 star is off the NW side, 50" from center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4447 = J. 3-1321 on 9 Jul 1896. He noted it as "faint, round, 20" to 25", gradually condensed, granular appearance, stellar nucleus mag 13.5." His RA is 20 seconds too large. I'm not sure of the source of this discrepancy, other than a transcription error in recording/measuring the offset in RA.
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14 40 28.0 -78 48 33; Aps
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 168°
25" (4/4/19 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, ~35"x25", fairly low even surface brightness with no core or nucleus. Located 25' NW of mag 3.8 Alpha Apus!
A small group of stars is close west, including a mag 10.4 star 2.4' W and another half-dozen mag 12-14 stars. Another distinctive group of mag 12-13 stars is 18' E.
IC 4448 is a collisional ring galaxy that appears somewhat similar on images to the Cartwheel Galaxy in Sculptor!
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4448 = D.S. 409 on a plate taken on 19 Jun 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!! F, vS, ring neb with * in middle".
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14 34 28.6 -27 31 06; Hya
V = 12.2; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 160°
14.5" (7/1/21): at 182x and 226x; moderately bright and large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, nearly 1.5' in length, strong concentration with a bright elongated core and very bright nearly stellar nucleus. A mag 10 star is 3.7' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4453 = Sw. 11-172 on 22 Feb 1898 and reported "pB; eS; R; like D * one nebulous." His position is 5' too far southwest but there are no other nearby galaxies, so the identification is nearly certain. Swift grouped this nebula, along with several others, in a class that "appear at first glance like double stars 6" or 8" apart, though the nearest star he might have picked up (off the NW side) is 15th magnitude. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position that Dreyer adopted in the IC 2.
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14 33 43.6 -14 37 11; Lib
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 30°
17.5": faint, small, elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.3'. A mag 14.5 star is close SE. A tight knot of 4 or 5 mag 13-15 stars within 45" lies 10' SSW. Located 4.5° NE of Zubenelgenubi.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4455 = D.S. 410 on an Arequipa
plate taken in Jul 1899. There is
nothing at Stewart's reported position, but 0.8 minutes of RA west and 3' N is
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14 35 00.4 +26 31 55; Boo
Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 115°
18" (5/3/08): very faint, very small, round,
12"-15" diameter. First
of three in a compact trio (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4461 = J. 1326, along with IC
4462 = J. 1327, on 22 Jun 1895.
There are 3 galaxies (
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IC 4462 = Arp 95 NED1 = VV 303a = Rose 21n = UGC 9384a = MCG +05-34-077 = CGCG 163-085ne = PGC 52119
14 35 01.9 +26 32 38; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.45'
18" (5/3/08): brightest in a very close trio (Arp
95). At 260x it appeared faint,
small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness. Located 1.3' W of a mag 12.5 star. This galaxy is misidentified as IC 4461
in all modern catalogues. IC 4461
lies 45" SW of center and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4462 = J. 1327, along with IC 4461 = J. 1326, on 22 Jun 1895. See IC 4461 for the story.
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14 36 48.1 +18 20 38; Boo
Size 0.9'x0.6'
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, very
elongated 5:2 or 3:1 N-S, low nearly even surface brightness,
~30"x12". Forms a pair
with
Royal Frost discovered IC 4466, along with IC 4467, on a plate taken 10 May 1904. His positions are accurate to within 1' and the identifications are certain.
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14 28 22.8 +78 53 08; UMi
Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 94°
17.5" (6/24/95): very faint, very small, round. A mag 14.5 star is just off the NE side, 21" from center, and it confused the observation. At moments, the compact core of the galaxy and the star appeared to form a faint double star. I missed the faint extensions (arm) E-W on the POSS. Forms a pair with NGC 5712 4.0' ESE.
William Herschel discovered IC 4470 on 20 Dec 1797 (sweep 1074). His description for NGC 5712 (III-950) mentions "It is preceded by a small patch of stars which appears almost like this nebula, but more resolved." This sounds very similar to Bigourdan's description below and certainly applies to IC 4470. I uncovered this discovery on June 10, 2014 while working through Caroline Herschel's revised sweep records from 1802. I notified Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke, who concurred, and Wolfgang included it in his "WH Special" list of 22 Jun 2014. IC 4470 was the last of six IC galaxies that Herschel discovered while sweeping with his 18.7" that were not catalogued, generally because of uncertainty.
Guillaume Bigourdan independently discovered IC 4470 = Big. 421 on 11 Jul 1887. His full description (from Harold Corwin) reads "Object which, at first sight, could be nebulous, but in which I suspect several stellar points. It is therefore a cluster enveloped in nebulosity; it is vaguely elongated at 90 degrees and is 1' l and 40" wide."
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14 36 32.0 +41 41 08; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 25°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4471 = Big. 321 on 6 Jun 1894. His rough position is close to NGC 5697, the only galaxy in the area. He probably assumed it was new due to a poor NGC position. Most modern sources equate IC 4471 with NGC 5697. See NGC 5697 for more.
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14 37 54.1 +15 51 48; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.4'
24" (7/1/19): IC 4473 is an interacting contact system with the two nuclei separated by 11" N-S. At 225x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~24"x15", strong sense of two cores. Increasing to 375x; the two close nuclei were definitely visible at times within a common halo.
Royal Frost discovered IC 4473 = F. 1123 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru.
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14 39 12.7 +15 52 39; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 61°
24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 15.2 star is just off the S end. Located 7' ESE of a mag 10 star. IC 4473 (double system) lies 19' W.
Royal Frost discovered IC 4478 = F. 1125 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904
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14 44 20.7 +12 07 53; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5" (6/20/01): fairly faint, small, round, 40" diameter, weak concentration. A mag 14 star lies 0.9' WNW of center while a brighter mag 12.5 star follows by 3.5'.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4493 = Big. 422 on 12 Apr 1898
and wrote, "rather diffuse nebula, roundish, 35" diameter, granular
central region, which stands out quite well". He was searching for H. III-48 (
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15 00 18.5 -82 12 49; Aps
V = 10.0; Size 7.6'; Surf Br = 0.7
18" (7/7/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x this globular has an unusual appearance as a round glow of nearly even surface brightness, ~3.5' diameter with a single brighter mag 12 star superimposed near the very center. A brighter mag 10.5 field star is just off the south edge, 2' from the center. IC 4499 appears similar to a large, fairly low surface brightness planetary or reflection nebula. My observation was possibly compromised by some clouds as the skies completely clouded up soon afterwards, but there was no evident resolution at this power.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4499 = D.S. 418 on a plate taken on 13 Jun 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF Cl, 4' diam., 3 F st inv in cl, position approximate, susp."
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14 47 42.2 +18 27 21; Boo
V = 15.3; Size 0.75'x0.4'; PA = 160°
18" (7/13/07): extremely faint, very small, round,
12" diameter. Located just
2.8' S of
17.5" (7/16/01): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, requires averted to glimpse. Located 1' E of a mag 10.5 star and at the midpoint of NGC 5760 2.9' N and a mag 13 star a similar distance south.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4507 = F. 1136 on a plate taken 13 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "vF, R, 0.1' dia." Dreyer made a typo in the IC 2, equating IC 4507 with F. 1336.
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14 50 55.4 +27 34 43; Boo
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 125°
24" (7/12/18): at 375x; very faint, small, round, 24" diameter. A mag 14.7 star is 0.6' SSE of center. Viewed through thin clouds, which affected the view.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4514 = J. 3-1346 = Sw. 11-175 on 26 Jul 1895. His position was 2' too far north due to an error in the declination of his offset star. Lewis Swift discovered the galaxy again on 2 Jun 1898 and reported Sw. 11-175 as "eeF; S; lE; pB * p[receding]; another susp[ected]." Swift's RA was 20 seconds too small. The observation was made on the last night he recorded a new discovery (see IC 4514). Both Swift and Javelle are credited in the IC, though Javelle deserves primary credit.
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14 54 23.4 +16 21 19; Boo
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5
24" (7/12/18): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly
small, round, 35" diameter, strong concentration, small bright core with a
faint halo. IC 4516 is the cD
galaxy in the rich cluster
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4516 = Sw. 11-176 on 2 Jun 1898 and reported "vF; pS; R; only 1 * near, 10m * nf." His position was 2' too far NW. Harold Corwin notes that "IC 4516 is probably the last object discovered by Lewis Swift". See IC 4514.
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15 02 38.2 +23 21 02; Boo
V = 15.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 0°
48" (5/3/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and
moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 0.4'x0.3', broad
concentration, slightly brighter core.
Second brightest of 5 in
24" (7/11/18): faint, small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 20"x10". IC 4526 is the second brightest in the HCG 73 group and forms a triangle with NGC 5829 1.4' SE and a mag 12.4 star 1.2' S.
18" (8/4/05): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Forms the northern vertex of an equilateral triangle with sides of 1' with NGC 5829 and a mag 12 star. Once this difficult galaxy was noticed, it was visible most of the time using averted vision and concentration at 225x.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4526 = J. 3-1354 on 25 Jul 1903. UGC incorrectly equates IC 4526 with NGC 5829.
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15 01 33.3 +49 06 44; Boo
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3
17.5" (7/17/93): faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter,
weak concentration. Located 5.2'
SSE of mag 7.3
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4528 = Big. 423 on 23 May
1898. His position corresponds
with
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15 06 41.9 +23 38 29; Boo
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 160°
14.5" (7/1/21): at 226x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated at least 2:1 ~N-S, ~1.0'x0.4', small bright core and brighter along the major axis (verified as a bar on images). A mag 14.6 star is 1' S of center.
17.5" (6/3/00): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
3:2 NNW-SSE, brighter core. A mag
14 star is close off the south end [1.1' from center]. At moments appears to have a fainter,
outer halo. This galaxy is
identified as
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 4534 = J. 3-1359 on 9 Jun 1877. His rough position was 2' E of center, similar to his other offsets in his notebook but he didn't later confirm or publish the discovery.
Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 4534 on 9 on 28 Jul 1903, unaware of Stephan's earlier observation. There is nothing at his position. However, Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his reference star, which was GSC 2024:622. Applying his offsets to this star lands directly on UGC 9713. Furthermore, this galaxy fits his description "pB, S, elongated north south, nucleus", so this identification is certain. Due to the erroneous IC position, CGCG, MCG and PGC and the online LEDA database fail to label their catalogue entries as IC 4534.
Javelle made another "discovery" on 26 May 1909 and listed it as J. 4-1838 in his unpublished 4th catalogue. His descriptions reads "faint, elongated in the meridian (N-S), about 1' diameter, core of mag 13."
******************************
15 13 17.2 -18 08 14; Lib
V = 13.2; Size 2.1'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 10°
24" (6/23/17): fairly faint, large, roundish, ~1.2'
diameter, low surface brightness, slightly brighter core. A mag 14.5-15 star is at the west
edge. The surface brightness is a
bit uneven or mottled but I didn't notice any distinct HII knots. Two mag 10 and 11 stars are 5' SW and
5' N, respectively. IC 4536 is
located 12.5' ESE of mag 6.9
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4536 on 14 May 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and recorded (from his logbook) "vF, L, roundish, a faint star on np edge, a faint star nr sf edge. It follows a bright star by 1 field." The bright star is mag 6.9 HD 134812, situated 13' ESE. His sketch (in his logbook) and description is a perfect match.
******************************
15 17 32.4 +02 02 51; Ser
V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 45°
24" (7/19/12): at 260x appeared very faint, very small,
elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 20"x10", contains a very faint stellar
nucleus. This small galaxy is
located just west of the halo of
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4537 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer, so the date and telescope are unknown. The IC RA is just 5 seconds too small.
******************************
15 21 11.7 -23 39 29; Lib
V = 12.1; Size 2.6'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 45°
48" (5/4/16): at 375x; fairly faint, very large, roundish, fairly low but uneven surface brightness. No distinct core or zones except for a slightly brighter nucleus - just a featureless but unevenly lit patch (nearly face-on Sc) almost 2' in diameter. Picked up on the way to planetary nebula Merrill 2-1, situated 16' ENE.
17.5" (6/27/98): appeared as a very low surface brightness glow, perhaps 1.5' diameter, roundish but difficult to determine edge of halo, very little concentration. The galaxy was surprisingly difficult although viewed a couple of hours past the meridian. Two mag 12.5 stars lie ~3' E and 3' NE. The compact planetary Me 2-1 is 15' E.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4538 = Sw. 11-178 on 26 May 1895 and noted "eeeF; vL; not 5898 or 5903; v diff; bet 2 wide D stars." He also noted "this is very large, and one of my faintest. Have seen it twice and failed once. The field is a curiosity, the following half having many stars, the preceding half not even one." His position is 3' SW of UGCA 406, a low surface brightness, multiple-armed Sc, and his description of the surrounding star field applies.
******************************
15 24 59.5 +13 26 42; Ser
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.9'
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4543 = Sw. XI-179 on 3 Jun 1897. He reported "eF, pS, vF * close
north preceding". His
position is 2' W of 16th magnitude
******************************
15 26 58.4 +28 51 09; CrB
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly
elongated, ~25"x20". A
15th mag star is at the NE edge [15" from center].
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4546 = J. 3-1363 on 24 Jul 1895. His position and description matches this galaxy.
******************************
IC 4547 = CGCG 165-058 = PGC 55130
15 27 15.1 +28 47 20; CrB
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 138°
24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 15"-20" diameter, weak concentration. IC 4546 lies 5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4547 = J. 3-1364 on 22 Jul 1895. His position is accurate.
******************************
15 35 28.5 -50 39 35; Nor
V = 9.5; Size 7.1'; Surf Br = 1.7
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4550 = Sw. 11-180 on 24 May 1898 and recorded "pB; pS; lE.' There is nothing at his position but 42 seconds of RA east is NGC 5946 and there are no other possible nearby candidates. This was his most southerly observation from California and one of his very last (the last recorded date was 2 June). So, NGC 5946 = IC 4550. See Corwin's identification notes for more.
******************************
15 37 36.3 +05 58 25; Ser
V = 12.0; Size 4.2'x3.2'; Surf Br = 14.7; PA = 145°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4551 = Sw. 12-12 on 19 Aug 1897 and reported "eeeF, L, R, eee dif". There is nothing at his position. Harold Corwin suggests IC 4551 = NGC 5964, which is 3.5 minutes of time following Swift's position. This is a large but not unusual error in his last year of observing, so is a possible but uncertain identification.
******************************
15 38 54.9 +04 34 59; Ser
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x1.2'
24" (7/28/19): at 322x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, moderately large, ~0.8' diameter, small brighter core, slightly mottled appearance or brighter regions like a face on spiral (confirmed later on SDSS).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4552 = Sw. 11-181 on 21 Jun 1897
and called it "eF; pS; R; near the first of 6 or 8 st[ars] in a curved
line." There is nothing near
his position. Harold Corwin
suggests IC 4552 is very likely
******************************
15 34 57.2 +23 30 10; Ser
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7
48" (5/1/19): at 375x; bright, large, contains a large uneven bright core. The halo is irregular with a hint of structure and extends mostly north of the core.
24" (6/16/12): fairly faint to moderately bright,
fairly small, slightly elongated, uneven surface brightness and irregular
appearance, though the core was not resolved into two components. Forms a pair with
17.5" (4/7/89): fairly faint, almost round, even surface brightness. This is an interacting double system with an extremely faint "knot" or extension at the south end [elongated E-W on the POSS]. IC 4554 is a separate galaxy 2.2' SE of the double system observed.
Considered the prototype of a megamaser with 98% of its emission in the infrared. In addition there is a large starburst of young stars.
Stephane Javelle found IC 4553 = J. 3-1368, along with IC 4554, on 25 Jul 1903. His position is at the south edge of Arp 220. Truman Safford made the original discovery on 4 May 1866, but his RA for Sf. 7 = IC 1127 was 1 minute too large and Dreyer missed the equivalence IC 4553 = IC 1127. Édouard Stephan also made observations on 26 May 1875 and 9 Jun 1877. He may have been aware of Safford's discoveries as he included many in his own discovery lists.
See Harold Corwin's and Malcolm Thomson's comments on this number.
******************************
15 35 04.8 +23 28 45; Ser
V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.4'
48" (5/1/19): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, small bright core. Located 2' SE of IC 4553.
24" (6/16/12): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. Located 2' SE of IC 4553 = Arp 220. This number is often incorrectly applied to one of the components of the double galaxy IC 4553.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4554 = J. 3-1369, along with
IC 4553, on 25 Jul 1903. His
position points to
******************************
15 35 54.1 +39 48 51; Boo
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 104°
24" (7/14/15): extremely faint, very small, elongated
3:2 E-W, ~9"x6", low surface brightness. Situated just 1.2' SW of mag 7.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4560 = J. 3-1374, along with IC 4563, on 24 Jul 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is erroneous due to confusion with the offset star (using different stars for RA and Dec). See Corwin's notes regarding Javelle's error in reducing his position.
******************************
15 35 57.0 +43 29 36; Boo
V = 12.6; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0
14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, ~40" diameter, bright core, stellar nucleus. A mag 11.8 star is 1.4' WSW and a mag 12.4 star is 2.5' ENE. Brightest member of group of 5 IC galaxies.
17.5" (6/27/98): First in a group (WBL 577) of six
galaxies discovered by Barnard with the 12" refractor at Lick Observatory
along with
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4562 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "pretty bright, small, round, much brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906). He also indicated a very small nebula close northeast (IC 4562A), though was uncertain if it was a faint star.
His positions are not very accurate (particularly in RA) and the position for IC 4562 is 18 seconds too far west and 3.5' south. Still the identifications are certain based on the sketch. MCG doesn't identify its +07-32-034 as IC 4562.
******************************
IC 4563 = MCG +07-32-033 = CGCG 222-029 = PGC 55565
15 36 03.7 +39 49 53; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 163°
24" (7/14/15): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 20"x15". Second brightest in trio with NGC 5966 4.3' SW and IC 4560 2.1' SW. Remarkable located 1' E of a mag 7.6 star and 1.8' N of a mag 6.8 star!
24" (6/13/15): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, slightly brighter core. Located just 1' E of mag 7.6 HD 139323 and 1.8' N of mag 6.8 HD 139341 (1.1" double)! NGC 5966 is 4.3' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4563 = J. 3-1376, along with IC 4560, on 24 Jul 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His positions are 1.7' too far north as he confused his offset stars (using HD 139323) when computing the declination.
******************************
IC 4564 = UGC 9930 = MCG +07-32-036 = CGCG 222-033 = WBL 577-003 = PGC 55584
15 36 27.0 +43 31 08; Boo
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 70°
14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; faint, very elongated 5:2 or
3:1 E-W, ~0.9'x0.3', broad weak concentration. A mag 15.4 star is off the W side [1' from center] and
occasionally a mag 15.7 was glimpsed off the E side. On a line between
17.5" (6/27/98): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 ~E-W, 1.0'x0.6', broad concentration. A couple of mag 15 stars are 1' preceding. This galaxy is the third of four on a line including IC 4562 5.6' WSW and IC 4566 3.0' ENE.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4564 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "slightly faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).
******************************
15 36 35.1 +43 25 29; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 8°
14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; very faint (visible with averted vision only), very elongated 2:1 N-S, ~25"x12", very low uniform surface brightness. Faintest member of the sextet.
17.5" (6/27/98): this galaxy is the faintest of six in the IC 4562 group. Required averted vision to view this extremely faint "knot", only 5"-10" in diameter. Nearly equally spaced with a mag 15 star 1.8' NNE and a mag 12 star 3.7' NNE. Located 6' SSE of IC 4564.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4565 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).
******************************
IC 4566 = UGC 9933 = MCG +07-32-038 = CGCG 222-035 = WBL 577-005 = PGC 55601
15 36 42.1 +43 32 22; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 165°
14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated ~4:3 NW-SE, ~40"x30", brighter core. At the east end of a 10' collinear string that includes IC 4564, IC 4562 and IC 4562A, as well as two mag 11.5-12 stars.
17.5" (6/27/98): faint, small, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.6', weak concentration. Fourth of four on a line including IC 4564 3.0' WSW in a group of six galaxies.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4566 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "faintish, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).
******************************
15 37 13.2 +43 17 53; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 125°
14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; fairly faint, elongated ~4:3 NW-SE, ~40"x30", broad weak concentration. Easily held steadily with direct vision. A mag 15.5 star was barely glimpsed off the SW side [0.6' from center].
17.5" (6/27/98): last in the IC 4562 group (WBL
577). Appears fairly faint,
elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.7', broad concentration. Located 7' ENE of a mag 8.2
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4567 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "not faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch, though it was not published until 1906 (AN 4136). The IC position is 3.5' too far SE but the identification is certain.
******************************
15 40 07.6 +28 09 08; CrB
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 40°
17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, small, slightly
elongated, 0.4' diameter, low even surface brightness. First in a group (USGC U718) of 8 IC
galaxies including
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4568 = J. 3-1377 on 24 Jul
1895. His position corresponds
with
******************************
IC 4569 = MCG +05-37-013 = CGCG 166-032 = WBL 581-002 = PGC 55783
15 40 48.4 +28 17 31; CrB
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5" (7/3/97): faint, small, round, 25" diameter,
increases to a quasi-stellar nucleus. In a group (WBL 581) of faint galaxies
including
E.E. Barnard probably discovered IC 4569 = J. 3-1378
visually, along with
Stephane Javelle rediscovered this galaxy on 25 Jul 1895 and
his position matches
******************************
15 41 22.6 +28 13 47; CrB
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, fairly small, ~45" diameter with averted vision, very low surface brightness with no concentration. This is one of the larger members of the faint IC 4568-81 group (WBL 581).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4570 = J. 3-1379 on 24 Jul
1895. His position corresponds
with
******************************
IC 4572 = MCG +05-37-016 = CGCG 166-037n = PGC 55817
15 41 54.2 +28 08 02; CrB
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 60°
17.5" (7/3/97): faint, small, elongated SW-NE,
40"x25", weak concentration.
Located 9' NE of mag 8.0
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4572 = J. 3-1380 visually, probably along with IC 4569, on 29 Jan 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His position of 15h 36m 53s +28° 25' (1889) corresponds with a group of IC galaxies (IC 4568, 4569, 4570, 4572, 4574), but is closest to IC 4572 and IC 4570. The southeast galaxy on his simple sketch (probably IC 4572) is noted as "pF, pL, gradually brighter in the middle, Rndish." The northwest galaxy (either IC 4570 or IC 4569) is noted as "pS, gradually brighter in the middle, Rndish." The sketch of the 80x field shows a single star - probably mag 8.4 SAO 83949 = HD 140253. If the field diameter is close to 40', then the second galaxy is more likely IC 4569 (separation of 17'), which has a higher surface brightness and was more evident in my visual observation.
Stephane Javelle found this galaxy again on 25 Jul 1895 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory and measured an accurate position. Barnard didn't publish his discovery or notify Dreyer so Javelle was credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
15 41 59.1 +28 14 26; CrB
V = 15.2; Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 23°
17.5" (7/3/97): this was a marginal object with averted vision and was visible only for moments as an extremely small knot, <10" diameter. Required GSC finder chart to pinpoint location. Faintest of 8 galaxies picked up in a group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4574 = J. 3-1382 on 25 Jul
1895. His position corresponds
with
******************************
15 43 14.3 +28 21 25; CrB
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 170°
17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, small, elongated 0.5'x0.2' ~N-S, no concentration. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.8' ESE. 6th of 8 IC galaxies in a group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4580 = J. 3-1387, along with
******************************
IC 4581 = MCG +05-37-019 = CGCG 166-046 = PGC 55893
15 44 01.5 +28 16 37; CrB
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 22°
24" (7/18/15): faint, small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 24"x18", very weak concentration. A mag 13.7 star lies 45" S. IC 4580 lies 11.5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4581 = J. 3-1388, along with IC 4580 and 4582, on 26 Jul 1895.
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15 45 39.4 +28 05 19; CrB
V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 172°
24" (7/18/15): fairly faint, very elongated 7:2 ~N-S, ~0.8'x0.25', very small brighter nucleus. Last in a group of 8 IC galaxies. IC 4581 lies 24' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4582 = J. 3-1389, along with IC 4580 and 4581, on 26 Jul 1895.
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16 00 12.3 -66 23 00; TrA
Size 1.7'x1.5'; PA = 96°
25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): at 244x; faint, large, round,
~1.75' diameter, low even surface brightness. Appears like a low surface brightness, diffuse nebulosity in
a very rich star field! Forms a
close pair with
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4584 = D.S. 426, along with IC 4585, on a plate taken on19 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, iF."
******************************
IC 4585 = ESO 100-005 = AM 1555-661N = PGC 56630
16 00 17.6 -66 19 20; TrA
V = 12.3; Size 2.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 45°
25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.25'x0.5', very diffuse, broad concentration. A mag 11.3 star is off the NE end [1.4' from center]. Forms a pair with IC 4584 3.7' S. A group of a half-dozen mag 12-13 stars are between the two galaxies.
Both of these galaxies appear out of place as large, somewhat ghostly (low surface brightness) galaxies in a rich star field. I might have assume they were faint emission nebulae. After the observation I found the secondary was dewed over and this likely degraded the view.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4585 = D.S. 427, along with IC 4584, on a plate taken on19 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, iF."
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15 55 57.5 +05 55 56; Ser
V = 12.2; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.2
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4586 = Sw. 12-13 on 19 Aug 1897 and recorded "eF, S, R, bet *8 f[ollowing] and curve of stars p[receding]." His description is a perfect match with NGC 6014, though his RA (noted as uncertain and only to the nearest minute of time) is off by a minute and his dec was 5' in error. Dorothy Carlson equated the two numbers in her 1940 paper on NGC/IC Corrections.
******************************
15 59 51.6 +25 56 26; CrB
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 98°
24" (7/28/19): at 322x; faint, small, round, 18", very small brighter nucleus, small halo with averted. Located 5' ENE of recurrent nova T Corona Borealis, nicknamed the "Blaze Star". Normally about 10th magnitude, it increased to mag 2 and 3 in 1866 and 1946, respectively.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4587 visually on 27 Apr 1903 while observing the variable (recurrent nova) T Corona Borealis. The star is normally around 10th magnitude (currently mag ~9.2) but blazed to second magnitude in 1866 and third magnitude in 1946. From 1903 to 1907, Barnard periodically looked for evidence of a change in color or indication of a non-stellar appearance using the Yerkes 40-inch refractor. In a report published in ApJ, 25, 279 (1907), he wrote, "While examining the star, I found a faint nebula in the field with it, following. The nebula is of the 14th or 15th magnitude, and is from 5" to 10" in diameter, without any nucleus." This object is Barnard's last known visual discovery.
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16 05 04.3 +23 55 02; Ser
V = 15.2; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 134°
24" (7/23/14): very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter. Located 2' SE of NGC 6051 and 1.5' E of a mag 11.2 star in the cluster AWM 4.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4588 = J. 3-1391 on 15 Jul
1903 and noted "vF, vS, R, stellar, 5051 p.". His position is a very good match with
The NGC has a typo "[NGC] 5051 p", instead of
"[NGC] 6051 p." The MCG,
PGC, HyperLeda, SIMBAD (as well as Megastar, etc.) incorrectly equate IC 4588
with
******************************
16 11 44.5 +12 04 17; Her
V = 10.7; Size 13"x10"
24" (6/30/22): at 109x; shows a distinct "blinking" effect. Staring directly emphasizes the bright blue central star, but with averted a small halo is prominent. Increasing to 457x, a prominent central star is encased in a very well defined, slightly elongated halo ~4:3 in a N-S orientation.
14.5" (7/11/21): identified very easily at 140x as a fairly bright, fuzzy blue "star". Good, but not excellent, contrast gain with an OIII filter. At 226x, a small 10" disc surrounds a clearly seen central star in the high surface brightness glow. Increasing to 352x, the central star was much more prominent and the halo was slightly elongated NNW-SSE and seemed irregular. A mag 9.4 star is 5' NW and the double star STF 2016 is 11' SE. The planetary is along the line connecting these objects.
18" (7/20/06): at 160x the 10.5-mag central star is encased by a small, oval halo, elongated NNW-SSE, ~10"x7". The planetary has the characteristic blue glow seen in this class of objects. Good response to OIII blinking at this power. The central star is more prominent at 225x and 325x but there were no additional details visible in fairly poor seeing.
17.5" (5/10/86): at 286x a bright 11th magnitude central star is visible surrounded by a small, slightly elongated halo, bluish color. Located 11' NW of double star STF 2016 = 8.5/9.6 at 7".
8" (6/30/22): at 109x, IC 4593 was easily identified as a blue 11th mag fuzzy star situated 5' SE of a brighter mag 9.4 star. Adding a NPB filter provides an excellent contrast gain and the planetary appears to outshine the star.
8" (6/81): stellar at 100x but a slightly elongated disc is easy to view at 220x-350x. Located 12' NW of a mag 9 star.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4593 = Fleming 96 in 1907 on a Harvard objective prism plate (Circular 124). Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) described, "Central star about mag 10. This is surrounded by a disk of brighter matter 11" in diameter, fading out a little towards the edges. There is a bright wing at the north end in pa 347°, and a smaller and fainter projection opposite this; fainter matter outside brings the whole diameter to about 15"."
The Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebula, Sky Catalogue 2000.0 and the first edition of the Uranometria 2000.0 Atlas has the wrong RA of 16h 12.2m. At this position on the U2000 is a mag 9 star as IC 4593 was recorded as a star in the BD catalogue.
John Mallas coined the nickname "White-Eyed Pea" in his Feb/Mar 1963 article "Visual Atlas of Planetary Nebulae-III", published in the "Review of Popular Astronomy".
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16 11 22.6 +23 57 53; Her
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 93°
17.5" (5/28/89): faint, very small, broad
concentration, faint stellar nucleus.
Located 8' N of mag 8.8
Stephane Javelle found IC 4594 = J. III-1393 on 20 July
1903. He accidentally reversed the
sign on the declination offset from his comparison star so his position for J.
III-1393 (later IC 4594) is in error.
Once corrected, it is clear that IC 4594 = NGC 6075 (discovered by
Stephan in 1881). PGC and LEDA
only identify this galaxy as
******************************
16 16 03.6 -22 37 31; Sco
V = 14.0; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 54°
17.5" (7/22/00): extremely faint, very small, elongated
at least 2:1 SW-NE, ~20"x10", low even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is close north [37"
from center] and a triangle of mag 12/13 stars lies 3' NNE. Located 25' NW of globular cluster
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4596 = D.S. 428 on a plate taken in July 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, S, vE at 40°, mbM, * N, prob. spiral."
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16 19 23.1 -42 15 36; Sco
V = 12.4; Size 16"x13"
13.1" (3/17/86): at 79x appears as an out of focus star with an estimated V magnitude of 12.5-13.0. Considerable contrast gain with an OIII filter. Forms the northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 2.5' SSW and a mag 10 star 2.7' SE. The planetary appears fainter than the two stars unfiltered but much brighter with a filter. A small disc is clearly visible at 166x or higher. Identified as He 2-155 in CGPN and ESO-Strausberg catalogues.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4599 = F. 1144 on a plate taken
on 20 Jun 1903 with the 24-inch Bruce photographic refractor at Harvard's
Arequipa station. He noted
"Planetary, magn. about 15."
Kohoutek's "Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae" (CGPN)
doesn't label
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16 20 00 -20 02; Sco
Size 20'x10'
18" (7/12/10): I immediately noticed IC 4601 at 108x
while viewing
13.1" (7/5/83): appears as a large, slightly milky and starless region involving two pretty double stars (SHJ 225 = 7.4/8.1 at 47" and SHJ 226 = 7.6/8.3 at 13") and a single star to the west. This triangular region appears "lighter" than the surrounding background with a Deep Sky filter. The north side has a more definite edge.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4601 on a plate taken 23 Mar 1895
with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. He noted two bright BD stars (the latter is
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16 23 38.8 +11 47 10; Her
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 127°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4602 = Sw. 11-183 on 22 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; S; lE; F * near f[ollowing]; 2 B[right] stars in field south nearly point to it; eee diff." There is nothing near Swift's position, but 1° south is NGC 6132 and his description of the nearby stars fits. So NGC 6132 = IC 4602. See Harold Corwin's identification notes for more on IC 4602.
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16 25 26.3 -24 27 57; Oph
Size 20'x10'
17.5" (6/30/00): this is a large, circular glow surrounding a 4' pair of mag 8/10 stars and part of the Rho Ophiuchi complex (2° north of Antares). The nebulosity extends roughly 8'-10' in diameter. The setting is quite eerie as the 50' field is nearly devoid of all stars - just two other faint stars. The field has a dull gray appearance as if it was weakly luminous.
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4603, along with IC 4604, around 1883, probably with his 5" refractor. In his 1895 paper "On a great photographic nebula near Antares", he stated "for fully ten or twelve years I have known of a vast region of nebulosity in Scorpius near Antares. I tried a number of times to located this nebulosity, but could never definitely settle its extent and exact position. I first knew of its presence in my early comet seeking, having come across it repeatedly in my sweep." In addition, he referred to a note made 15 June 1892, "A couple of years ago [at Lick Observatory] I found 2 stars involved in a very large diffused nebulosity. They are strongly nebulous in the 6.5" and in the 12", but are best seen in the 6.5". The stars are about 8.5 and 9.5 mag, the following star being the brighter. They are 1.8° north and 42' preceding Antares [apparently IC 4603]. This region and preceding it for some distance seems to consist of a vast but very diffused nebulosity."
At Lick he took an image of region on 23 Mar 1895 with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. He noted "the brighter and more complicated portions of the nebula center about Rho Ophiuchi, 22 Scorpii and a couple of small stars occupying the center of the equilateral triangle formed by Rho Oph, 22 and Sigma Scorpii." The "couple of small stars occupying the center" are involved with IC 4603.
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16 25 35.1 -23 26 50; Oph
Size 60'x25'
17.5" (6/30/00): this northern section of the Rho
Ophiuchi nebula surrounds three bright stars including mag 5 Rho Ophiuchi (a
close double at 3" separation) and two mag 7 stars 2.5' N and WSW. The glow appears most evident around
the bright star. The dusty
surrounding field (
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4604, the Rho Ophiuchi Nebula, around 1883 using his 5" refractor. See notes on IC 4603.
Caroline Herschel, in a letter to her nephew John Herschel,
wrote she "once heard your father, after a long awful silence, exclaim
"Hier ist wahrhaftig ein Loch im Himmel! [Here is truly a hole in the
heavens!]”. She added her brother returned to this unique region several
nights over several years. Caroline urged John to search for this object
in the lower part of Scorpion during his trip to South Africa. John sent
Caroline a letter from the Cape of Good Hope dated 22 Feb 1835 in which he
stated the region near Rho Ophiuchi contained fields “without the smallest
star." In 1928 Johann Hagen, director of the Vatican Observatory,
claimed William Herschel's "Hole in the heavens” referred to
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16 30 12.5 -25 06 55; Sco
Size 30'x30'
17.5" (6/30/00): this section of the Rho Ophiuchi reflection
nebula appears as a faint halo surrounding 5th magnitude 22 Scorpii. A mag 7 companion lies 3.6' SW. As with other sections of the nebula,
the surrounding field is strangely devoid of stars and the background has a
grayish sheen as if it is feebly glowing.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4605 on a plate taken 23 Mar 1895 with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. It's possible he discovered it visually (along with IC 4603 and 4604) as early as 1882 or 1883 with his 5" refractor, although he only claimed "for fully 10 or 12 years [before 1895] I have known of a vast region of nebulosity in Scorpius near Antares.
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16 27 14.0 -26 01 25; Sco
V = 9.1; Size 9.3'
See observing notes for
William Henry Finlay discovered IC 4606 on 26 Dec 1886 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. There is nothing at his position, though the RA was only roughly given to the nearest minute. ESO reported the number as not found and Harold Corwin called it lost. But in 2004 David Frew suggested that IC 4606 "is just an observation of the globular cluster NGC 6144 with an error in position [4.3 min of time too large]. His description fits perfectly: "follows a faint star 4.5 secs., and is 0.5 [arcmin] S." There is a 12th magnitude star on the north-preceding side of the core, so this identification seems very plausible.
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16 46 54.0 -77 29 19; Aps
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 80°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~4:3 E-W, ~36"x27" Appears to have a slightly brighter bar running ~E-W (direction of drift). A nice equal mag doube is 2.4' N (SKF 454 = 11.7/12.1 at 5"). IC 4608 is situated in a busy star field 12' ENE of mag 4.2 Beta Apus! On the DSS this galaxy has an unusual arc-shaped appearance.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4608 = D.S. 432 on a plate taken 23 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, considerably elongated at 85°, bM." ESO classifies it as an interacting system due to the unusual morphology.
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16 33 39.2 +39 15 27; Her
V = 15.5; Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 45°
17.5" (8/21/98): first in a small trio with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4610 = J. 3-1396, along with
IC 4611 and 4612, on 25 Jul 1903.
His position matches
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IC 4611 = MCG +07-34-112 = PGC 58498
16 33 42.3 +39 11 06; Her
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.45'; PA = 0°
17.5" (8/21/98): second of three with IC 4610 and IC 4612. Extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Contains a very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Forms the south vertex of an equilateral triangle with a mag 13.5 star 1.8' WNW and a mag 14 star 1.6' N. Appears similar to IC 4610. This identification assumes Javelle gave the wrong sign on the direction of offset from his comparison star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4611 = J. 3-1397, along with
IC 4610, on 25 Jul 1902. There is
nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that
Javelle must have reserved the offset sign from his comparison star. Once corrected, his re-reduced position
falls directly on
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IC 4612 = MCG +07-34-113 = CGCG 224-072 = I Zw 157 = PGC 58505
16 33 49.6 +39 15 47; Her
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.6'
17.5" (8/21/98): brightest in a trio with IC 4610 and
IC 4611. Appears faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak
concentration. Forms the southern
vertex of a small equilateral triangle with a mag 13 star 1.0' NNW and a mag 14
star 1.0' NE. IC 4610 lies 2.0'
WSW and IC 4611 is 4.9' SSW. This
group is located one degree east of the core of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4612 = J. 3-1398, along with
IC 4610 and 4611 on 25 Jul 1903.
The IC position matches
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16 37 47.2 +36 06 54; Her
V = 14.2; Size 0.4'x0.4'
18" (6/7/08): faint (visible continuously with
averted), fairly small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", low even surface
brightness. Located 2.9' NNW of
brighter
17.5" (6/6/86): faint, small, very diffuse, a larger
but very faint halo is barely visible.
A mag 12.5 star lies 1.5' NW.
Faintest of three on a line with NGC 6196 2.9' SSE and
13.1" (8/5/83): extremely faint, very small. A faint star is off the NW edge
17" from the center. Farthest
north of a trio with NGC 6196 and
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4614 = Big. 324 on 28 Jun
1895, while searching for
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IC 4615 = NGC 6196 = UGC 10482 = MCG +06-36-058 = CGCG 196-088 = PGC 58644
16 37 53.9 +36 04 22; Her
V = 12.9; Size 2.0'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 140°
18" (6/7/08): middle and brightest of three on a line. At 260x it appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, sharply concentrated with a bright, 20" core that increases to a stellar nucleus with direct vision and a 35"x25" halo. IC 4614 lies 3' NNW and NGC 6197 is 5' SSE.
17.5" (6/6/86): brightest in the NGC 6196 group. Fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, bright core, fairly faint stellar nucleus. A pair of mag 15 stars are 1.3' S and 1.3' SSE. NGC 6196 is the middle of a linear trio with IC 4614 3.0' NNW and NGC 6197 = IC 4616 4.8' SSE. An extremely faint galaxy (2MASX J16374842+3603393) lies 1.3' SW.
13.1" (8/5/83): fairly faint, bright core.
13.1" (7/5/83): faint, small, round, small bright
core. Brightest in group located
45' W and 24' S of
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4615 = Big. 325 on 28 Aug 1886 while searching for NGC 6196. Because of Marth's poor position (off by 39 seconds of RA to far west and 1.6' too far north), he rediscovered this galaxy and misidentified NGC 6196 with a faint star. MCG and CGCG labeled this galaxy as IC 4615 and UGC didn't use either the NGC or IC designation. See Harold Corwin's notes for more on this field.
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IC 4616 = NGC 6197 = MCG +06-36-059 = CGCG 196-089 = PGC 58655
16 37 59.8 +35 59 43; Her
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 38°
18" (6/7/08): faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 20"x14". Located 5' SSE of NGC 6196 and second brightest in chain of three galaxies.
17.5" (6/6/86): faint, very small, almost round. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.5' SE. This is the second brightest and furthest south in a trio with NGC 6196 4.8' NNW and IC 4614 7.6' NNW. This galaxy is identified as IC 4616 in the CGCG and MCG and RNGC misidentifies NGC 6197 with an extremely faint companion a 1.3' SW of NGC 6196.
13.1" (8/5/83): very faint, very small, near visual threshold.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4616 on 28 Aug 1886 while searching for NGC 6197. Due to Albert Marth's very poor position for NGC 6197, Bigourdan misidentified a faint star as NGC 6197 and rediscovered NGC 6197 as Big. 426 (later IC 4616). CGCG, MCG and UGC label this galaxy as IC 4616, due to its unambiguous position, though NGC 6197 should apply by historical precedence. See NGC 6197 for more on the identification.
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16 42 08.1 +36 41 03; Her
V = 15.2; Size 50"x20"; PA = 30°
24" (6/16/12): at 280x; very faint, small, very elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~24"x10". Situated just 18" W of a mag 14.7 star that forms the southwest vertex of a small trapezoid of mag 14-15 stars.
18" (7/23/06): viewed at both 225x and 323x and appeared as an extremely faint elongated glow just west of a mag 14-14.5 star at the SW vertex of a small trapezoidal asterism of mag 14 stars. The galaxy required averted vision and was not held continuously but was visible as an elongated glow 2.5:1 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, ~0.3'x0.1', with a very low even surface brightness.
18" (7/17/04): extremely faint, very small, elongated nearly 3:1 SSW-NNE. Visible perhaps 50% of the time at 250x with averted vision. A mag 14 star is very close following (part of a small parallelogram). If I moved this object NE of center, part of the outer halo of M13 was visible at the SW edge of the field providing an interesting contrast!
17.5" (7/16/93): extremely faint, very small, slightly
elongated SSW-NNE, difficult and cannot hold continuously with averted
vision. Located about 14' NNE of
the core of M13 and 15' SW of
17.5" (7/16/88): marginal object, very small, elongated SSW-NNE, mag 14 star close following.
17.5" (8/21/87): extremely faint, very small streak oriented SW-NE. Located just west of a mag 14 star that forms one vertex of a small trapezoid of mag 14 stars. Only visible part of the time (~20%) with averted.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4617 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer (date and instrument unknown), but I assume it was using the 48" at Lick Observatory. His reported RA was 50 seconds of time too small but his description "S, E 29°, bM" clearly matches.
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16 57 50.0 -76 59 35; Aps
V = 12.0; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 118°
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x this highly peculiar appeared moderately bright, round, 1.1' halo, irregular surface brightness but with no distinct core. There was hint of mottling or knotty structure. On images this galaxy has an unusual twisted bar with distorted extensions.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4618 = D.S. 433 on a plate taken on 23 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!! eF, eS, 2-branch spiral."
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16 50 51.2 +08 47 01; Her
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 147°
24" (8/25/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 30"x25" NW-SE, weak concentration, slightly mottled or irregular surface brightness (probably the halo of a spiral). A mag 11.8 star is 1.2' NW and a mag 14 star is 1.4' E. Situated very close to the Ophiuchus border.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4621 = K. 2-36 on 15 May 1890 (published in 1898) with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg. He identified this object as Kobold 10 (his 10th discovery) in his 1907 compilation of positions in Strasbourg Annales, Vol. 3, 1907.
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16 52 58.9 +02 24 04; Oph
V = 12.9; Size 2.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 20°
See observing notes for
E.E. Barnard found IC 4625 (= NGC 6240) on 7 Jul 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and noted (from observing log) "Ran upon a nebula close south-preceding a 10m star. Nebula is 2 seconds p[receding] the star and 1/4' ± south." His position was 2' too far north, but the star is right at his offsets, so there is no question that IC 4625 = NGC 6240. Dreyer added the comment "? = 6240" in the IC description. See NGC 6240 for more.
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16 54 08.7 -07 38 08; Oph
Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 74°
24" (7/14/20): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, even surface brightness. The exact position was easy to identify as the galaxy lies 30" NW of a mag 13.3 star. Once identified, I could nearly hold it continuously with averted in my sweet spot.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4627 (date unknown), probably
with the Lick 36" refractor, and directly communcated to Dreyer without
publication. The IC description
("extremely faint, extremely small, diffused, * 12 south 12") and
position matches
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16 57 00 -40 20; Sco
Size 90'x60'
18" (6/12/10): this large HII region is embedded in the
northern half of
Tr 24 is a striking, very large, bright scattered grouping that overfills the 56' field with no distinct borders. A number of the stars appeared to be grouped into long chains with smaller knots and concentrations including vdB-Ha 202 and vdB-Ha 205.
Ru 122 = vdB-Ha 202, situated 10' NNW of mag 6.1-6.4 V861 Sco, is located in a beautifully rich region on the SW side of Tr 24. Within this string is a 15" pair of mag 10 stars and just south of a mag 9 situated 2' NW of the double is vdB-Ha 202, a faint, very rich dusting of stars that is elongated ~N-S. The cluster is dense, just 2' in length and only partially resolved. A group of faint stars spread out E-W off the south end.
vdB-Ha 205, situated 20' NE of vdB-Ha 202, consists of 20
stars mag 7.5 to 13.5 in a distinctive 4' group. The brightest star is on the NW side. The
center and south side of the group is devoid of stars. A smaller clump of stars 7' S of vdB-Ha
205 is catalogued as
8" (7/13/91 - Southern Baja): this is an emission nebula on the north side of a large open cluster Tr 24 = H12. Appears fairly faint, very large, about 30'x10' diameter and clearly elongated E-W. Shows up best with the UHC filter at 83x although visible without a filter. Includes some brighter portions. Also visible in the 16x80 finder with a UHC filter.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4628 between 1892 and 1895 on a plate taken at Lick Observatory. In Lick Publications Vol 11, 1913, Plate 37 he describes: "The coarse cluster in 16h 48m, -40.3° does not seem to be in Dreyer's lists. It is a very interesting object and appears to be connected by a scattering chain of stars, with the cluster [NGC] 6231 south of it. In its northern part is the nebula IC 4628. This was originally discovered on a plate with the Willard lens, but no announcement was made of it. It is a large nebula one half degree in diameter and of irregular form and brightness. A photograph with the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mount Wilson in 1905 (June 21) shows the irregular group of stars and the nebula very beautifully. There are still fainter portions that extend half a degree to the northeast. The nebulosity, apparently, does not condense about any one of the stars and is probably not actually connected with the cluster."
Royal Harwood Frost also found IC 4628 = F. 1148 on a photographic place taken in 1903 with the 24-inch Bruce photographic refractor at Harvard's Arequipa station and both are credited in the IC. The nebula was also reported in 1909 on a photograph taken by Harry E. Wood with the Franklin-Adams camera at the Transvaal Observatory in Johannesburg. It was imaged again in 1921-1922 at the Helwan Observatory in Egypt and described as "faint, extending 30' in R.A. and 15' in Declinatin, typical galactic nebula."
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16 55 09.6 +26 39 46; Her
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 6°
24" (6/30/16): at 322x; fairly faint/moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20", very small bright core and stellar nucleus. I wasn't confident about seeing the tidal tail to the south. A mag 10 star is 4.4' SSW (brightest star in a small asterism) and another is 4.3' NE.
24" (7/14/15): at 375x, fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~22"x16". Contains a bright stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus. I had a couple of definite "pops" of the tidal tail extending to the south.
24" (7/24/14): at 375x, this post-merger system appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.3'. Strongly concentrated with a very small bright core containing very bright, sharp stellar nucleus. With careful viewing, there was a very strong impression of an extension (tidal plume) extending south. The narrow tidal tail extending northeast on the SDSS image was not seen.
18" (7/12/10): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 0.6'x0.4'. Sharply concentrated with a very small bright core. Forms the vertex of a flat isosceles triangle with a mag 10 star 4.4' SSW and another mag 10 stars a similar distance northeast.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4630 = J. 3-1400 on 27 Jul
1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "F, R, 20",
stellar nucleus of mag 14." and measured an accurate position.
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17 13 47.0 -77 32 10; Aps
V = 13.0; Size 4.0'x3.0'; Surf Br = 15.5; PA = 146°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, very
large, slightly elongated NW-SE, low surface brightness. Contains a relatively small brighter
core. The halo appears to fade
into the background with no distinct edge but perhaps 3' along the major
axis. Brightest in a trio (
IC 4633 resides in a fairly rich star field 15' W of mag 8.7
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4633 = D.S. 437 on a plate taken 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!very faint, cL, considerably brighter middle, possibly spiral."
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17 01 33.6 -21 49 34; Oph
V = 10.9; Size 11"x9"
8" (6/30/22): at 109x; appears as a fairly bright blue "star", which is fainter than a mag 10 star 6' S, but slightly brighter than the mag 11 star 4.6' SSE. A narrowband filter turns up the contrast 2-3 mags and it appears significantly brighter than the mag 10 star. Increasing to 176x shows a slightly non-stellar halo and 229x reveals an obvious small disc ~10" diameter. IC 4634 is at the midpoint of the mag 11 star to the south and a similar star to the NNW.
14.5" (7/7/21): at 182x; very bright, compact, high surface brightness disc ~10" diameter. Good but not excellent contrast gain with UHC filter. At 264x; fairly strong blue color, nice small disc. At 352x, the central star was visible in a high surface brightness oval disc, elongated NNW-SSE, ~15"x10". Situated midway between two mag 10.5 stars ~4.5' N and S.
18" (8/19/09): picked up immediately at 225x as a bright, 11th magnitude, very small, bluish disc, ~8" diameter. Responds well to blinking with an OIII filter. At 450x, the high surface brightness 8" disc has an irregular outline and is surrounded by a thin, very faint envelope that increases the diameter to ~12". In moments of better seeing, a very faint central star emerges within the high surface brightness glow. A distinctive right triangle of mag 12-13 stars follows (closest star is 1.3' due east).
18" (7/22/06): picked up at 225x as a bright, small, blue disc of very high surface brightness. Good contrast gain using the UHC filter. Appears much brighter than the similar mag 11 star using the filter. At 435x, the planetary is slightly elongated N-S, ~10"x8" with a strong flash of a central star. There appears to be a much fainter, very thin envelope encasing the high surface brightness disc. Similar view at 565x though the elongation was clearer and the outer envelope increased in size to ~15"x11".
17.5" (7/16/93): very bright compact planetary. A very small disc is visible at 220x. At 410x, appears as a small disc about 10" diameter, slightly elongated. Unusually high surface brightness. Estimate V = 11-11.5. A similar mag 11 star lies 4.6' N.
8" (6/19/82): fairly bright, very small, blue-green color. Appears stellar at 100x and just non-stellar at 200x. A small disc is clearly visible at 400x. Located 5' S of a similar mag 11 star.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4634 = Fleming 72 in 1894 on an objective-prism plate taken at the Harvard's Arequipa station. It was included in a list of "stars having peculiar spectra", published in Astronomy & Astro-physics, Vol. XIII, 1894. The notes section mentions "An observation of this object on May 10, 1894, with the 15-inch equatorial, by Mr. O.C. Wendall, confirms the photographic results. Its visual spectrum is the same as that of other gaseous nebulae and it presents a hazy disc when seen with a high power.
Based on Crossley photographs at Lick, Curtis (1918) reported "the oval disk fades out slightly toward the edges; is 10"x7" in short and 11"x9" in long exposures. There are faint ansae in 160-340°, making the total length 20"."
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IC 4635 = ESO 044-005 = KTS 54B = PGC 59959
17 15 39.2 -77 29 22; Aps
V = 14.0; Size 3.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 14.6; PA = 165°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.2'x0.25', low surface brightness. A distracting mag 13 star is superimposed at or very close to the west edge of the south end. Only the portion of the galaxy north of this star was obvious. A ghostly extension south of the star was just suspected. The nucleus of the galaxy is a very small brighter spot 0.6' N of the superimposed star. A mag 10 star lies 4.3' ESE.
IC 4635 is the second in a trio (
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4635 = D.S. 438 on a plate taken 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, eS, considerably brighter in the middle"
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17 05 10.5 -40 53 09; Sco
V = 11.7; Size 21"x17"
14.5" (7/7/21): picked up using 140x as a small bright disc ~15" diameter, between mag 11.5-12.0. Excellent contrast gain blinking with a UHC filter! The blue-grey disc was better seen at 182x and the mag 13 central star was often visible. Easily takes 226x, despite a very low elevation at -41° declination. Appears oval with a fairly sharp central star. A small equilateral triangle of mag 11.5-12 stars is ~3' S. Located 2° E of the naked-eye stream of stars to the north of NGC 6231. To identify the field, I located a distinct arc (1.5' length) of 4 stars situated 15' NW.
13.1" (4/10/86): at 166x, fairly bright, small, about
15" diameter, estimate V = 12.0.
At 214x the mag 13 central star is visible in good moments, otherwise
the planetary has a brighter center.
The disc can be resolved at 79x.
Located 13' N of mag 8
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4637 = Fleming 96 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Boyden station in Arequipa, Peru (Harvard Circular 60).
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17 01 13.7 +33 30 47; Her
V = 14.9; Size 0.55'x0.55'
24" (7/18/20): at 375x; very faint and small, round, 15" diameter, low even surface brightness. Just held continuously once it was picked up. Located 6' SW of 5.3-magnitude 59 Herculi and 2.6' NW of a mag 9.7 star.
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4638 on 25 Mar 1889 with the Lick 36-inch refractor while observing nearby 5th magnitude 59 Herculi. He didn't measure an offset at the time, though Barnard made measurements from 59 Her on 19 May 1889 (his computed position is accurate) and added the note "nebula is very small and very faint - power = 175". Burnham later measured the offset with the Yerkes 40-inch refractor in 1899 and reported the measures in the appendix of his 1900 General Catalogue of Double Stars.
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17 23 58.3 -80 03 51; Aps
Size 1.2'x1.1'
25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; fairly faint, diffuse,
round, 30" diameter, no distinct core. A mag 12.7 star is 1' S. In a trio (
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4640 = D.S. 439 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.
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IC 4641 = ESO 024-002 = KTS 55B = PGC 60221
17 24 10.3 -80 08 51; Aps
Size 1.4'x1.2'; PA = 29°
25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; faint, fairly large,
round, 1' diameter, very diffuse glow with a low surface brightness and no
core. A very wide pair of 13th mag stars are close SE [by 0.8' and 1.4']. In a trio (
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4641 = D.S. 440 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.
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17 11 45.3 -55 24 01; Ara
V = 12.4; Size 18"x15"
18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, small, round, compact planetary in a rich star field. Picked up immediately at 171x and UHC filter as the 15" disc was obvious. At 228x the surface seemed a bit irregular with a hint of a starry center. Located just north of the midpoint connecting Beta and Zeta Arae, 2° ESE and 2° WSW.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4642 = Fleming 96 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60) .
Harlow Shapley reported it as a PN with the designation IC 4642 in a 1936 paper "Five Planetary Nebulae and a Globular Cluster" (Harvard Bulletin 902). He noted "IC 4642 was found and recognized a planetary nebulae on a Harvard spectrum plate by Mrs. Fleming in 1901." Shapley's announcement also includes Shapley 1 and 3.
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17 08 32.9 +42 20 19; Her
V = 13.4; Size 2.3'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 115°
See observing notes for
Johann Palisa found IC 4643 (= NGC 6301) on 6 Oct 1896 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at the Vienna Observatory. His micrometric position in AN 143 (#3412) matches NGC 6301. It's surprising that both Dreyer and Palisa missed the equivalence.
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IC 4647 = ESO 024-005 = KTS 55C = PGC 60280
17 26 03.7 -80 11 42; Aps
Size 1.5'x0.7'; PA = 177°
25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; fairly faint,
elongated 3:2 N-S, 24"x15", very small bright nucleus. A mag 15.6 star is at the south
end. In a trio (
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4647 = D.S. 443 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.
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17 15 50.4 +57 22 01; Dra
V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 142°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4649 = Big. 429 on 5 Sep 1888. According to Harold Corwin, IC 4649 is a duplicate entry for IC 1252 = Big. 217, and was noted by Bigourdan in his Table II on new nebulae and stemmed from an error in record keeping.
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17 24 29 -49 56 00; Ara
V = 6.9; Size 12'
11" (8/8/04 - from top of Haleakala Crater): IC 4651
was first noticed in my 10x30 IS binoculars while looking at
James Dunlop discovered IC 4651= D 402 on 28 Jul 1826 and described it as "a very fine round cluster of very small stars, slightly compressed to the centre, about 8' diameter, not very rich." His mean position (based on 3 observations) was on the south side of the cluster.
John Herschel didn't confirm Dunlop's observation despite his decent position and as a result it didn't receive a NGC designation. Solon Bailey rediscovered the cluster on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" lens at the Arequipa station. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII, 1908). Bailey was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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17 47 06.4 -64 38 25; Pav
V = 11.3; Size 2.8'x1.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 105°
18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x, this irregular galaxy has a disrupted appearance or perhaps is interacting with a companion. The structure is difficult to separate but the brighter component on the northeast side is moderately bright, small, elongated WNW-ESE. Attached on the south side is a larger, but fainter extension oriented nearly perpendicular to the brighter component. A faint star is at the edge. IC 4662 is located just 10' NE of mag 3.7 Eta Pavonis and the bright star interferes with viewing if left in the field.
According to the article "Star formation in the
irregular galaxy IC 4662" (A&A, 1990, 234, 99) the elongated knot on
the northeast side contains two giant HII regions comparable to the 30 Doradus
complex! IC 4662 is identical to
He 2-269 (
Robert Innes discovered IC 4662 visually in 1901 with the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Cape of Good Hope. He noted "a faint oval nebula 1' in diameter, N.p. Eta Pavonis. Found with the 7-inch." Based on plates taken at Arequipa also in 1901, though not published until 1908, DeLisle Stewart described it as "F, S, irr, 2 st. inv." Stewart referenced Innes' discovery announcement in MN 62, 470.
Based on plates taken before 1930 with the 60-inch reflector (mirror from Andrew Ainslie Common) at Harvard's Boyden Station at Bloemfontein in South Africa, Harlow Shapley and John S. Paraskevopoulos wrote: "A new object of the Magellanic Cloud type is revealed by the photograph of IC 4662 [which] is resolved on the 60-inch plates, but its brightest stars are of about the nineteenth magnitude, with star clusters up to the fifteenth magnitude or brighter."
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17 45 28.6 -44 54 18; Sco
V = 12.1; Size 14"x12"
13.1" (7/12/86): at 166x a nice disc about 15" diameter is clearly visible. Appears brighter than planetary Hb 4 by half a magnitude, estimate V = 12.5. Easily takes 214x power and a mag 13 star is visible 45" ENE of center. Located 17' N of double star HJ 4973 = 8.3/9.1 at 13.1". Very far south for viewing from Northern California.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4663 = Fleming 97 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).
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17 46 18 +05 43; Oph
V = 4.2; Size 41'
15x50mm IS binoculars (6/19/09): easy naked-eye cluster just 1.3° NNE of Beta Oph. Beautifully resolved in binoculars into 25-30 stars.
8" (5/80): very bright, very large, overfills 100x field (40'), scattered, includes STF 2212 = 8.5/9.0 at 3". Naked-eye cluster with averted vision (1.3° NNE of mag 2.8 Beta Oph) and bright and resolved in 10x50 binoculars.
Philippe Loys de Chéseaux discovered IC 4665 in 1745-46 from Switzerland. Although his list of nebulae was presented to the Académie des Sciences in 1746 it was not generally known until Bigourdan published it in 1892. John Bode independently discovered the cluster around 1782.
Wolfgang Steinicke's research found that William Herschel independently discovered the cluster on 15 Jul 1781 during his second star review with his 6.2" reflector. He noted a "a fine cluster of small stars" near Beta Ophiuchi. Caroline Herschel also found it on 31 Jul 1783 with her 4.2" comet-sweeper. She wrote, "a cluster of stars. I counted about 50 in the field; rather more or less. (My Brother's)." The same evening William confimred it in his 6.2" as a "Cluster of Stars. 1 1/3 degree from Beta Serpentarii towards S. It consists of about 14 to 16 large ones with several very small ones between. 7-ft, compound [eye]piece. Lina found them [not remembering his earlier observation]."
Solon Bailey also discovered the cluster on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" (f/13) Cook lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was reported in the 1908 "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII). Although it was previous observed multiple times visually, Bailey was miscredited with the discovery in the IC. Of course, the cluster is easily seen as a fuzzy patch naked-eye, so it was likely noticed much earlier than de Chéseaux's telescopic discovery..
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17 47 12.9 +61 26 03; Dra
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 94°
18" (6/21/03): faint, moderately large, very elongated
3:1 E-W, 1.0'x0.3'. Low, even
surface brightness. Located 4' WSW
of mag 9.7
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4669 = Big. 328 on 24 Sep
1895. His Comptes Rendus position (used in the
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17 55 07.0 -21 44 41; Sgr
V = 13.3; Size 7"
24" (7/23/20): at 220x, 375x and 550x; bright, very small, round, 5"-7" diameter. Excellent response to a UHC filter. Appears brighter along the rim on the N to W quadrant. A mag 10.7 star is 2' NE. The PN is brighter than the mag 13.6 star is 40" E but fainter than the mag 12 star is 3' E, so perhaps mag 12.5-13. The double star ARA 1504 (10.6/11.9 at 9") is 5' SSE
17.5" (3/20/93): at 220x appears moderately bright (estimate V = 12-12.5) and a very small disc is clearly visible. Good response to an OIII filter. Appears brighter than a mag 13 star 40" E and just fainter than a mag 11.9 star 2.9' E. A double star mag 9.6/11.2 at 7" in PA 163° is 5' SSE.
13.1" (7/12/86): at 79x, faint, stellar, verified with OIII blinking. A mag 11 comparison star is 2.0' NW. At 166x a very small disc is visible which is brighter at the center. The disc was quite clear at 214x, estimate V = 12.5-13.0.
Joseph Lunt discovered IC 4670 visually in 1901 with the Cape Observatory 24-inch Grubb refractor (the "Victoria spectroscopic telescope" erected in 1898) fitted with an object-glass prism. He described it as stellar, mag 12-13 and situated "immediately S.f. C.P.D. -21[deg] 6502". He noted "The nebula is 2.5 seconds preceding a slightly brighter star of the same declination." It was also photographed on 2 plates in 1901. Although his position is 3.5' too far south, the identification is certain.
Hubble reported IC 4670 as a new planetary after it was found on plates taken in 1920 with a 10-inch Cooke Astrographic Lens with objective prisms attached. The equivalence with IC 4670 was not noticed by the ESO catalogue (1982). Kent Wallace reported IC 4670 was identical to Hb 6 in 1990.
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18 03 18.4 -27 06 23; Sgr
V = 13.0; Size 16"
24" (7/11/18): at 200x; moderately bright, fairly small, roundish disc in a rich star field. Very good contrast gain using a NPB filter. Excellent view at 375x; irregularly round, slightly elongated ~NW-SE, slightly clumpy rim. Situated 30" of a mag 12 star that forms the southwest vertex of a small "Keystone" asterism. A 7" pair of stars is 2' WSW with a third wider star to the north. No central star visible.
18" (8/14/07): picked up at 174x as a very small, round
disc. Excellent response to a UHC
filter and appeared to increase in size.
Best view was at 300x, which showed a well-defined 15" disc. Located close 30" SW of a mag 12
star and 2' ENE of a mag 10 star.
The mag 12 star forms the western vertex of a small trapezoid of mag
11-12 stars with sides 1'-2'. At
73x this planetary shares the same field, 45' N of
18" (7/16/07): at 225x and UHC filter appears as a
moderately bright mag 13 disc of just 15" diameter with a sharp, crisply
defined halo. A mag 12 star lies
33" NE. At 323x the western
side was perhaps slightly brighter.
Located 45' N of
17.5" (7/5/86): at 220x appears fairly bright and a small round disc is clearly visible about 20" diameter. Prominent with a Daystar 300 filter and a slight oval shape is discernable at 286x and a UHC filter. Estimate V = 12.5.
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4673 on 19 Aug 1895 while making measures of the diameter of Ceres with the 36-inch Lick refractor. He described it as "round, slightly ill defined, of uniform brightness and no central star. The measured diameter of this object was 13.6". I should class it as being of the 13th magnitude."
Minkowski entered it as the 36th object in his first discovery
list (
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17 58 16.0 +66 37 59; Dra
48" (4/1/11): IC 4677 appeared as a prominent triangular or wedge-shaped knot with the vertex pointing east, situated 1.8' due west of center near the edge of the outer halo of NGC 6543 (Cat's Eye Nebula). This shock-excited condensation or "flier (flocculi) appeared much larger than previously seen, ~50"x30", and brighter along a well-defined, straight southern edge. The north side is brightest near the east end at the vertex. A 15th magnitude star lies 45" NE and a mag 9.8 star is 1.2' NW. A second fainter (uncatalogued) knot in the outer halo is located 2.6' ESE of center, just 30" N of a mag 14.5 star. This knot was only 15"-20" in size and had a low surface brightness.
18" (6/20/04): easily visible at 160x using a UHC filter as a slightly elongated, low surface brightness glow 1.7' W of center of NGC 6543 and 1.5' SE of a mag 11 star which lies 2.7' WNW of NGC 6543. This shock-excited knot in the outer halo was elongated 3:2 SW-NE, roughly 20"x13". At 225x it was barely visible unfiltered, but could be held continuously at this power adding a UHC filter.
17.5" (6/3/00): at 140x with a UHC filter, this ionized knot in the outer halo of the Cat's Eye was faint but clearly visible as a low surface brightness arc, located just south of the midpoint of the line connecting the geometric center of the PN with a mag 11 star 2.7' NW.
17.5" (11/1/97): this unusual object is a irregular knot in the outer halo of NGC 6543 1.7' W of center and appearing visually completely detached from the bright planetary. Suspected at 220x without filtration close to a mag 15 star located 1' NW of the planetary. Using a UHC filter, IC 4677 is clearly visible with averted vision as a very faint elongated patch, ~25"x15" oriented SW-NE. Requires averted for a good view but can almost hold continuously. Also visible at 140x with OIII filter and 280x with the UHC, but 220x provided the best view.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4677 visually on 24 Apr 1900 with the 40-inch Yerkes refractor. He carefully measured the relative position from NGC 6543 as 16.5 seconds of RA preceding and just 5" north in declination (from his handwritten notes in notebook #24). Barnard made additional observations in March 1908.
Harold Corwin comments that Vorontsov-Velyaminov"
included it in his first list [1959] of interacting galaxies (where it is No.
121) and in the MCG (it is
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18 06 36 -23 57; Sgr
17.5" (7/20/96): at 82x, very subtle glow around a pair
of mag 8.5/10 stars. Somewhat
difficult at low power to identify with certainty due to location in a rich
Milky Way field and the nearby nebulous glow from
17.5" (6/8/96): at 220x a low surface brightness halo of 3' diameter is visible around a pair of mag 8/9 stars at 50" separation. Very weak if any enhancement with OIII filter (reflection nebula?). On photos the nebula is centered on the fainter SW mag 9 star.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4678 photographically using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson in July 1905. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentioned "There is a small, elongated nebula in the position 1860.0 17h 59m 25s± -23d 53m±". Although there is nothing at that location, Harold Corwin suggests this refers to a small nebula northeast of M8, located about 1.5 min of RA west of Barnard's position, and centered at 18 06 32.3 -23 57 31. See Corwin's notes.
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18 11 24.5 -56 15 16; Tel
V = 13.1; Size 2.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 99°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and
large, elongated 3:1 E-W, ~1.5'x0.5', broad, fairly weak concentration with a
brighter core. Sits between two
groups of bright stars. Two mag 10
stars lie 6' NW and mag 8.7
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4679 = DS 452 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.
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18 16 25.7 -71 34 53; Pav
V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 144°
24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at
200x appeared bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.5'x1.0', fairly
well concentrated with a brighter core.
Several mag 13-14 stars surround the galaxy with a couple of faint stars
at both the NW and NE edge of the halo.
This is fairly bright galaxy to be missed by John Herschel and 54' E is
a bright pair of galaxies,
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4682 = DS 454 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, cS, considerably elongated at 140°, stell N."
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18 09 09 -23 26 06; Sgr
Size 3'x2'
17.5" (7/24/95): very difficult reflection nebula surrounding a mag 9.5 star with a faint very close companion, appears ~2' diameter. Located east of a breathtakingly rich Milky Way stream of stars. Verified only by comparison with similar nearby stars and probably would not have suspected otherwise due to location in rich field with patches of unresolved haze.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4684 photographically in Jul 1905 using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentions "There is a conspicuous, small nebula or nebulous star in the position 1860.0 18h 0m 35s± -23° 26'±." His position is close north of the double star mentioned in my observation.
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18 09 17.7 -23 59 18; Sgr
Size 10'x8'
17.5" (6/20/87): at 88x with UHC filter appears as a
very large, extensive region of nebulosity just west of
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4685 photographically in Jul 1905 using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentions "The star Gou 24695 of 7 and 1/2 magnitude is the center of a larger but very diffused condensation." The IC position corresponds with mag 7.4 HD 165921.
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18 13 38.6 -57 43 57; Pav
V = 14.2; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, small,
fairly high surface brightness, roundish, 20" diameter, very small bright
core. Forms the southern member of a contact, interacting pair with
Royal Frost discovered IC 4686 = F. 1152 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "bM, magn 14".
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18 13 39.6 -57 43 31; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 51°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): IC 4687 is the largest and
northernmost of an excellent, close interacting triplet (AM 1809-574 =
On the HST image of the trio, IC 4687 has a disrupted, chaotic appearance of gas and dust with a tidal plume to the north. It appears merged with IC 4686 on its south side.
Royal Frost discovered IC 4687 = F. 1153 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "bM, magn 14". The same description was noted for nearby IC 4686 and 4689.
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18 08 11.9 +11 42 44; Oph
V = 13.1; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 164°
24" (7/15/15): fairly faint, roundish, 1.0' diameter,
fairly low surface brightness, no noticeable central brightening. Situated in a rich star field.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4688 visually on 4 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "A very faint nebula, diffused, not large." "It is pretty close p a 12 mag star. This pointing with low power." The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer.
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IC 4689 = ESO 140-011 = AM 1809-574 S = KTS 57C = PGC 61604
18 13 40.3 -57 44 53; Pav
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.35'; PA = 141°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~30"x15", contains a very small bright
elongated core. A mag 13.4 star is
30" NE. IC 4689 is the
southernmost of an interacting compact triplet (
Royal Frost discovered IC 4689 = F. 1154 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "bM, magn 14".
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IC 4691 = CGCG 084-019 = PGC 61456
18 08 45.6 +11 49 48; Oph
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 150°
24" (7/15/15): faint, small, round, 15" diameter. A mag 15 star is attached on the northeast side. IC 4688 lies 11' SW.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4691 visually on 12 May 1888 with
the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "Found another nebula [besides
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18 12 26.9 +25 25 38; Her
Size 0.85'x0.2'
17.5" (7/1/89 and 8/3/89): faint, very small, slightly
elongated ~N-S, very small bright core.
Forms an interacting pair with
UGC 11155 appeared extremely faint, fairly small, round, very low surface brightness. Larger but fainter than IC 4697.
UGC 11156 appeared faint, small, irregularly round, small bright core, stellar nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4697 = J. 3-1402 on 29 Jul 1903.
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18 18 32.0 -45 59 02; Tel
V = 12.7; Size 5"
13.1" (7/12/86): at 79x and 166x appears very faint and
stellar. Verified with both OIII
and UHC filters. Estimate V = 13.0
but may be brighter due to the very low elevation of object from Northern California. Uncertain if a very small disc was
visible at 166x or bloated due to seeing this close to the horizon. Located 3.5' NW of mag 8.8
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4699 = Fleming 98 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).
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18 17 05 -19 52 00; Sgr
Size 4'x3'
See observing notes for
IC 4700 was mentioned by E.E. Barnard in AN 5239 (1908) in a review of photographic nebulae titled "Some notes on nebulae and nebulosities." He noted that the BD -19°4946, the central star of NGC 6590 = NGC 6595, was "densely nebulous" and "somewhat extended nf and sp", though the latter statement was misassigned to BD -19°4881. See NGC 6590 for more on this number.
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18 18 48 -13 48; Ser
Size 35'x28'
13.1" (8/17/85): a thin dark "finger" extends towards the cluster, positioned just south and beyond the two bright mag 9 stars near the center. This is an extension of the wider projection seen previously several times and which is better defined along the south edge.
13.1" (8/16/82): the "Eagle Nebula" is a fairly bright 30' nebulosity in a striking outstretched eagle shape with a bright scattered cluster superimposed. There is a considerable contrast gain to the nebulosity using a UHC or OIII filter. With a Daystar 300 filter, a dark projection (called the "Star Queen") enters on the southeast edge of the nebula and extends inward to the west. The cluster members surrounding the "head" of the eagle include ten mag 8-10 stars and a bright pair of mag 8.5 stars (8.2/8.8 at 27"). A dark triangular wedge is visible off the north side.
13.1" (5/26/84): the dark protrusion was fairly easy at 88x using a filter.
Isaac Roberts probably first imaged IC 4703, the nebulosity
involved in
Although Roberts is credited with the discovery in the IC, Wolfgang Steinicke notes in his book on the history of the NGC that Etienne Leopold Trouvelot made a visual discovery in 1876 with the U.S. Naval Observatory 26-inch Clark refractor. Trouvelot mentioned "..described by Sir J. Herschel as a loose cluster of at least 100 stars, I have found to be involved in an extensive, although not very bright, nebula, which seems to have escaped his scrutiny. In a study and drawing of this nebula made in 1876, its general form is that of an open fan, with the exception that handle is wanting, with deeply indented branches on the preceding side, where the brightest stars of the cluster are grouped. From this peculiar form, this object might be appropriately be called the Fan Nebula."
Independently, Robert Innes, observing in 1914 at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, reported "with the 9-inch refractor the nebula is just visible and it fills the perimeter of the cluster with faint extensions beyond."
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IC 4704 = ESO 071-011 = PGC 61906 = LGG 420-002
18 27 53.6 -71 36 36; Pav
V = 12.1; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 165°
24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia):
moderately bright, moderately large, sharply concentrated with an intense
20" core surrounded by a much lower surface brightness halo ~1.2' in
diameter, that fades out at the periphery. In a group with IC 4705 5.1' SSE and
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at
260x, appeared fairly bright, moderately large, sharply concentrated with a
very bright 25" core and a much fainter 1' halo. Forms the north vertex of a near isosceles triangle with mag
7.7
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4704 = D.S. 462 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cB, bM."
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IC 4705 = ESO 071-012 = PGC 61914 = LGG 420-005
18 28 10.3 -71 41 38; Pav
V = 12.7; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 48°
24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): moderately bright, fairly large, fairly diffuse glow with only a weak concentration, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'. A 20" pair of mag 14 stars is at the south edge of the halo and two extremely faint stars are superimposed on the north side. Located 5.1' SSE of IC 4704, nearly at the midpoint of a line connecting IC 4704 and a mag 8 star (HD 168873), located 6' SSE of IC 4705. IC 4712 lies 14' E.
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x appeared fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated 1.0'x0.8', fairly low surface brightness with a weak central concentration. Located 6' NNW of mag 8 HD 168873 and 5' SSE of IC 4704.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4705 = D.S. 463 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, eS, R."
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18 19 35.7 -16 00 36; Sgr
Size 5'
18" (8/2/05): an identical wide pair of mag 9 stars (HD
168276 and
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4706 and 4707 photographically in
Jul/Aug 1905 using the 10-inch
Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson. In
describing the region surrounding M17 = Swan Nebula (see AN 4239), he wrote,
"Preceding the brightest portion of the nebula, by about 15', are two
small stars involved in a small nebulosity. These stars are BD -16°4812 [IC 4706] and -16°4813 [
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IC 4707 = Ced 160b = Simeis 3-140 = Gum 81b
18 19 39.4 -16 01 20; Sgr
Size 5'
18" (8/2/05): an identical wide pair of mag 9 stars (HD 168276 and HD 168302) at 1.2' separation seemed to be encased in a very faint, roundish nebulosity at 115x. The eastern star corresponds with IC 4707. Only a weak contrast gain was noticed using an OIII filter, so this must be a low excitation region. At the southeast edge of the field a portion of M17 is visible - IC 4706/4707 is probably an outlying patch of the Swan Nebula.
See identification notes for IC 4707.
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18 13 46.2 +61 09 26; Dra
Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (7/19/12): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~18"x15". A mag 13 star lies 36" W. Located on the SE side of a group of 8 NGC galaxies (all B mag 15.2 or fainter) discovered by Swift.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 4708 = Ho III-21 on 11 Sep 1899 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He noted "eF, eS, v diff.' near [NGC] 6617." His micrometric position is very accurate.
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18 28 38.0 -66 58 56; Pav
V = 11.9; Size 3.6'x2.8'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 5°
24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly
bright, large, elongated 3:2 ~NW-SE, ~2.5'x1.5', weak concentration with no distinct
core. A faint star (or knot) is superimposed near the center. Located 10.8' WSW of mag 6.6
IC 4710 is a knotty dwarf irregular galaxy that is dominated by a bar, much like the Large Magellanic Cloud, with a number of H II regions strung out along the bar and scattered in the outer parts. Member of the relatively nearby NGC 6744 group at a distance of ~25 million light years.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4710 = D.S. 465 on a plate taken on 18 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, R, little brighter in the middle."
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IC 4712 = ESO 071-014 = LGG 420-003 = PGC 61981
18 31 06.9 -71 41 37; Pav
V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 60°
24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly
bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, 1.5'x1.0', fairly weak
concentration. Unusual appearance
as a brighter mag 12 is superimposed at the WSW edge. Located 13' WNW of mag 7.0
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x appeared fairly bright, moderately large elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 1.6'x0.8'. Unusual appearance with a mag 11.5 star right at the WSW tip. In a group with IC 4704, IC 4705 and IC 4712.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4712 = D.S. 466 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."
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18 16 54 -18 31; Sgr
Size 120'x60''
8" (7/3/80): IC 4715 refers to the remarkable Small
Sagittarius Star Cloud (prominent naked eye object). Best view at very low power as it extends beyond the edges
of the field. The rich open
cluster
Charles Messier "discovered"
William Herschel apparently first observed M24 on 2 Aug 1783 with his 12-inch ("small 20-ft") and noted "considerable stars in great number." John Herschel lists his cluster h2004 = NGC 6603 as M24, so he didn't realize the Messier entry applied to the entire star cloud, not the small embedded cluster. This mistake was repeated in the General Catalog (GC) as well as the NGC, though Dreyer added the note: "h2004 = M24. h's two observations hardly consist with this description [!, Cl, vRi, vmC, R, st 15 (M Way)], and their deviation of nearly +3m from Messier's place makes it very doubtful whether he really saw this object." In the 1960s (and his 1975 book "Search for the Nebulae"), Kenneth Glyn Jones equated M24 with the star cloud and NGC 6603 with the embedded cluster.
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18 33 17.2 -57 58 33; Pav
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 94°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): moderately bright,
very elongated ~5:1 E-W, 1.3'x0.3', somewhat concentrated to a very small,
slightly brighter nucleus. Located
in a fairly rich star field with a number of brighter mag 10 stars including
mag 9.3
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4717 = D.S. 470 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, S, extremely elongated at 95°, stell N."
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18 33 32.7 -58 24 25; Pav
V = 12.8; Size 2.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 163°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
moderately large, elongated 7:2 NNW-SSE, 1.8'x0.5', slightly brighter
core. A star is superimposed NNW
of the core. Located 8.5' NW of
brighter and larger
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4720 = D.S. 472 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, S, extremely elongated at 165°, considerably brighter middle."
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IC 4721 = ESO 140-027 = PGC 62066
18 34 24.1 -58 29 45; Pav
V = 11.6; Size 5.2'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 146°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright,
large, elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 4.0'x1.3', broad concentration with a large,
mottled core, irregular surface brightness with a hint of spiral
structure. A faint star is
embedded on the southeast side and a mag 15 star is just south of the southeast
end. IC 4721 forms a very close
pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4721 = D.S. 474 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, cL, E at 150°, form of Andromeda neb."
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18 35 56.2 -63 22 36; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
fairly small, round, 30" diameter, weak concentration. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo
II cluster is located 23' ESE of
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4723 = D.S. 476 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, R."
Harlow Shapley misclassified NGC 6630 and IC 4723 as a pair of planetaries in his 1936 article "Five Planetary Nebulae and a Globular Cluster" (Harvard Bulletin No. 902). The same list includes Shapley 1, Shapley 3 and IC 4642.
Evans & Thackeray (1950) first imaged IC 4723 (Plate II, No. 19) with the 74-inch Radcliffe telescope in Pretoria, South Africa and questioned the PN classification. "We find (Plate II, Fig. 20) a curious round object of diameter about 19" with three distinct nuclei running along a north-south line across it. The designation as a planetary again [as well as NGC 6630] seems doubtful." As a result of Shapley's error, IC 4723 is listed as a PN in Burnham's "Celestial Handbook", MOL (Master Optical List), Becvar's "Atlas Coeli - II Katalog 1950", and the NGC 2000.0 catalogue (Sinnott). Also, the first edition of Sky Atlas 2000.0 and Becvar's "Atlas of the Heavens" plot it as a PN. It was omitted, though, in Perek and Kohoutek's 1967 Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebula.
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18 31 36 -19 15; Sgr
V = 4.6; Size 32'
17.5" (8/27/92): about 100 stars in 30' field although fills 45' field at 82x. The densest portion in the center is a group of 7 fairly bright stars situated between two bright stars mag 6.5 (U Sgr) and 8.0 oriented E-W. U Sagittarii (6.3-7.0) is located at the east end and is the brightest star in the cluster. Just south of this group is a long dark lane void of stars oriented E-W that appears darker than the background. Bordering the south edge of this dark lane is an elongated group of 10 stars including Bu 966, a nice evenly matched double star at 11" separation. To the west of this string are two mag 9 and 10 stars oriented SW-NE. The cluster includes several colored stars and is visible naked-eye just south of a mag 5 star.
Naked-eye (8/31/11): very easy to see as a naked-eye "patch" (total V = 4.6) in a dark sky.
Philippe Loys de Chéseaux discovered
Solon Bailey found the cluster again on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" Cooke lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII, 1908). Dreyer equated IC 4725 with M25, though only credited Bailey with the position.
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18 36 58.8 -62 51 16; Pav
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 19°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly
small, round, slightly elongated, 30"x25". A mag 14 star is attached at the NNW tip. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo
II Cluster is situated in a very starry field 3.5' NE of a mag 9.6 star.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4726 = D.S. 478 on a plate
taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, R, cF * 0.5' nf." His position and description matches
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18 37 56.1 -62 42 02; Pav
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright,
fairly small, round, 25" diameter, bright nucleus, high surface
brightness. This outlying member
of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is situated 16' NNW of brighter
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4727 = D.S. 479 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, eS, R."
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IC 4728 = ESO 103-034 = LGG 422-004 = PGC 62166
18 37 57.0 -62 31 51; Pav
V = 13.3; Size 2.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 172°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 1.5'x0.5', bright core. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is in rich star field with a mag 13.8 star 1.2' SSE and a mag 13.6 star 1.6' NNW. A fairly wide pair of mag 10.9/11.6 stars (~22" separation), with a third 11.9 star nearby, lies 3.5' NNE. IC 4727 is 10' S.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4728 = D.S. 480 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, considerably elongated 170°, * N, bM."
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IC 4730 = ESO 103-038 = PGC 62192
18 38 50.2 -63 21 00; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 152°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 5:3 NNW-SSE, ~25"x15", relatively large brighter
core and very low surface brightness extensions. A mag 14.5 star is at the west
edge, just 10" from center and a mag 12 star is 1' N. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo
II Cluster is situated 2' N of mag 9.1
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4730 = D.S. 482 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, considerably elongated 10°, bet 2 F st."
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IC 4731 = ESO 103-037 = PGC 62187
18 38 43.0 -62 56 35; Pav
V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 82°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright,
fairly small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, ~45"x30", high surface
brightness, relatively large bright core.
IC 4731 is an outlying member of ACO S805 = DC 1842-63 with several
nearby members;
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4731 = D.S. 481 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, extremely elongated at 88°, stell N."
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18 33 54.6 -22 38 41; Sgr
V = 12.1; Size 3"
8" (9/23/22): this 12th magnitude PN situated nearly on
a line with a mag 8.6 star (
14.5" (7/7/21): immediately recognized as a small
planetary at 140x due to its soft blue appearance. Very good contrast gain (at least 2 magnitudes) by blinking
with a UHC filter. A mag 10.1 star
(
13.1" (8/8/86): at 79x appears stellar and verified with OIII blinking, estimate V = 13.0. A brighter mag 10.5 comparison star is located 2.5' W. Appears stellar at 214x. Planetary Pe 1-13 is located 13' ESE.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4732 = Fleming 99 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).
Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported IC 4732 was "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to be minute disk by Mr. Moore and Aitken with the 36-inch refractor."
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IC 4735 = ESO 103-041 = PGC 62213
18 39 49.9 -62 57 22; Pav
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 38°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, small, slightly elongated, ~0.4'x0.3', very small brighter nucleus. Located 7.7' E of IC 4731 in the outskirts of galaxy cluster ACO S805 (55' NW the core of the cluster).
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4735 = D.S. 486 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, bM."
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18 39 58.4 -62 35 53; Pav
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated N-S, 20"x15", even surface brightness. A mag 12.5 star is 1' W. Located 1.7' NW of mag 9.0
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4737 = D.S. 487 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, considerably elongated at 10°, bet 2 F st."
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18 40 26.9 -61 54 09; Pav
V = 14.5; Size 1.2'x0.6'
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, small,
roundish, 25" diameter. A mag 14.5 star is superimposed on the SE
end. Three bright stars are
near south; a mag 10.1 star 2.0' WSW, a mag 10.6 star 2.9' SSW and a mag 11
star1.5' SSE. IC 4738 forms a pair
with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4738 = D.S. 488, on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, eF * sf 0.5'."
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IC 4739 = ESO 140-036 = AM 1836-615 = PGC 62246
18 40 51.0 -61 54 06; Pav
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with IC 4738 2.9' W. A triangle of mag 10-11 stars is just south of IC 4738. Outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4739 = D.S. 489, on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, eF * inv."
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18 41 43.4 -63 56 53; Pav
V = 12.9; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 35°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright,
fairly small, somewhat elongated SSW-NNE, ~50"x35", slightly brighter
nucleus. Resides in a rich star
field within a triangle formed by a mag 11 star 1.4' NNE, a mag 10.8 star 2.4'
SE and a mag 11.5 star 2' WNW.
Middle in a trio with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4741 = D.S. 490 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, vS, lE at 20°, stell N, 4 F st inv."
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IC 4742 = ESO 103-048 = AM 1837-635 = LGG 422-010 = PGC 62270
18 41 52.6 -63 51 43; Pav
V = 12.1; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 20°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S, ~1.0'x0.75', small bright core. A mag 9.8 star is at the north edge [37" from center]. IC 4741 lies 5' S. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is 48' SW of IC 4765, at the core of the cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4742 = D.S. 492 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, vS, R, bM, F * inv."
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18 41 54.9 -63 13 26; Pav
Size 0.65'x0.4'; PA = 75°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, very
small, round, ~18" diameter.
A star is attached at the east edge of the galaxy. Located 2.2' SE of a mag 10.5 star and
6.3' W of
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4744 = D.S. 493 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, R, eF * inv."
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18 42 46.0 -64 04 22; Pav
V = 13.3; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly
small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 12.6
star is 0.7' SE. Located in the
outskirts of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster with IC 4741 10' NW and
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4748 = D.S. 496 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, R, F * sf 1'."
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IC 4749 = ESO 103-054 = LGG 422-005 = PGC 62300
18 42 49.5 -63 12 30; Pav
V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 57°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, small, round, high surface brightness, very small bright
nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is at the east edge of the galaxy. This outlying member
of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is within a small distinctive N-S string of
stars: a mag 12.5 star 4.3' N, a mag 10.6 star 2.3' N, a mag 13.5 star 1.5' N,
and a mag 12 star 45" S.
Cluster member IC 4744 lies 6.3' W and
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4749 = D.S. 497 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, 3 F st nr."
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IC 4750 = ESO 103-055 = PGC 43426
18 43 02.7 -62 58 17; Pav
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 111°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 25"x18", low surface brightness. Situated in a fairly rich star field with a mag 12.2 star is 1.5' NW, a mag 10.6 star 5' W and a mag 9.8 star 8' WNW. Outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805, in a group of galaxies to the northwest of the core of the cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4750 = D.S. 498 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, R, * 11 np 1.5'." The IC has a misprint 0.5' north-preceding.
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18 43 19.3 -62 06 44; Pav
V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 3°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright,
fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20". Located near the midpoint of mag 9.9
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4751 = D.S. 501 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."
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18 43 46.7 -64 04 56; Pav
Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 129°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 13.3 star is 0.9' SE. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is located 6.7' ESE of IC 4748. Slightly brighter ESO 103-056 is 2' SE.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4752 = D.S. 502 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, R, vF * sf 1'."
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IC 4753 = ESO 140-041 = AM 1838-620 NED2 = LGG 423-001 = PGC 62319
18 43 32.6 -62 06 29; Pav
V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 6°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~20"x16". Forms a close pair with brighter IC 4751 1.6' W. Situated 3' S of a mag 10.5 star and 5' NE of mag 9.9 HD 172184 in the norther outskirts of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4753 = D.S. 503 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."
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18 44 00.2 -61 59 24; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.9
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter, low surface brightness, very weak concntration. Fainter than expected based than expected though images reveal a face-on barred ring of low surface brightness. Two mag 13.6 and 13.8 stars are very close to the south and southwest edge. A mag 10.7 star is 5' SW and IC 4751 and 4753, a 1.6' pair, lies 8' SSW. This outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805 is located 1° WNW of mag 4.2 Lambda Pavonis and 1.4° NNW of the center of the cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4754 = D.S. 504, along with many other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, S, R, 0.7' diameter., poss. ring neb, stell N."
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18 39 00 +05 27; Ser
Size 52'
15x50mm IS binoculars (6/19/09): large, naked-eye patch within the western branch of the Milky Way. Beautifully resolved in 15x50's.
17.5" (7/26/95): overfills 50' field with 20 Nagler. Contains roughly 70 stars brighter than mag 11 and too many faint stars to count. There are two mag 6.5 stars near the northwest and southeast ends of the cluster (the latter star is not physical member) at the edges of the field (46' separation). There are no rich subgroups or central concentration but many stars are arranged in long chains and curving loops. The most prominent is a long chain oriented NW-SE through the center. Visible as a naked-eye patch at the edge of the Milky Way.
10x50 binoculars (9/9/83):very bright, very large, consists
of mag 7 and fainter stars.
Includes many chains and knots over a one degree field! Larger but not as conspicuous as nearby
Naked-eye (8/12/83): easy visible patch from Mt. Hamilton. Resolved in 8x50 finder.
Reverend Thomas Webb discovered IC 4756 around 1859 with his 3.7-inch Tully refractor. In the description of NGC 6633 in Webb's "Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes" (1859) he wrote, "Between it [NGC 6633] and Theta, nearer the former, is a beautiful large cloud of stars, chiefly 8 or 9 mag., a nearer part, apparently, of the Galaxy: visible to the naked-eye, and requiring a large field."
Solon Bailey found IC 4756 again in 1896 on a plate taken with a 1" Cooke lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No VIII, 1908). Bailey was credited with the discovery of IC 4756 in the IC2. The nickname "Graff's Cluster" is from German astronomer Kasimir Graff, who independently discovered it in 1922.
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18 33 30.5 +67 08 14; Dra
Size 0.4'x0.3'
48" (10/22/11): bright, fairly small, round, high
surface brightness, 20" diameter.
A 14th magnitude star is attached at the southwest edge and a mag 16.5
star is 20" NE. In a close
trio with
Zwicky described the pair (
24" (8/27/14): fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, 18" diameter, fairly high surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is attached at the southwest edge.
MCG +11-22-056 = PGC 62026 lies just 0.6' N. At 375x it appeared extremely faint or very faint, round, just 8"-10" diameter. Once in my averted vision sweet spot, I could nearly hold this galaxy continuously. A mag 15 star (brighter than the galaxy) lies 0.3' NNE.
17.5" (6/11/88): fairly faint, very small, elongated SW-NE. One or two extremely faint stars are possibly involved or close off the edge. Forms a close pair with NGC 6677 1.7' SSE. MCG +11-22-056, a nearly stellar galaxy just 38" N was not seen.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4763 = Big. 333 on 5 Sep 1891
and recorded "this object is perhaps the double indicated by Swift near
NGC 6677. It seems accompanied by a little nebulosity and I can not split
it." Harold Corwin and
Malcolm Thomson agree that IC 4763 is most likely a duplicate of NGC 6679. IC 4763 is often misidentified as the
compact galaxy
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18 47 07.6 -63 29 04; Pav
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 128°
30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to moderately bright, thin edge-on 40"x10" NW-SE, contains a brighter core. A mag 15.5 star is attached at the NW tip. Located 9' S of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4764 = DS 510, along with a number of other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, bM."
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IC 4765 = ESO 104-006 = LGG 422-006 = PGC 62407
18 47 17.9 -63 19 53; Pav
V = 11.3; Size 3.5'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 115°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, ~100"x40", sharply concentrated with a very bright core that increases to a stellar nucleus.
IC 4765 is the brightest cD galaxy in the rich cluster ACO
S805 = Pavo II Cluster, which includes
IC 4766: moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 45"x27". This member of the IC 4765 cluster is situated 1.6" ENE of a mag 12 star and 3.2' NE of IC 4765.
IC 4767: moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.4', bright core. A star is at the north-northeast tip. Located 5.2' SSE of IC 4765 in the core of the cluster.
IC 4770: very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is involved on the west end and interferes with viewing. Located 6.5' SE of IC 4765 in the cluster.
IC 4771: fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S,
1.2'x0.4', even surface brightness.
Located 4.7' WNW of mag 7.4
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4765 = D.S. 516, along with a number of other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, S, R, bM."
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IC 4766 = ESO 104-009 = PGC 62421
18 47 35.8 -63 17 42; Pav
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 110°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 45"x27". This member of the ACO S805 (IC 4765) cluster is situated 1.6' ENE of a mag 12 star and 3.2' NE of IC 4765.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4766 = DS 512 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, eS, bM."
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IC 4767 = ESO 104-010 = LGG 423-005 = PGC 62427
18 47 41.7 -63 24 20; Pav
V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 30°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.4', bright core. A star is at the north-northeast tip. Located 5.2' SSE of IC 4765 in the core of the ACO S805 cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4767 = DS 513 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, eS, mE at 25°, considerably brighter middle."
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IC 4769 = ESO 104-011 = AM 1843-631 = LGG 422-007 = PGC 62428
18 47 44.1 -63 09 25; Pav
V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 130°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.5', gradually increases to the center, but no distinct core or zones. Located 11' NNE of IC 4765 in ACO S805 and second largest in the cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4769 = DS 514 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, mE at 170°, considerably brighter middle."
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IC 4770 = ESO 104-013 = PGC 62439
18 48 10.3 -63 23 00; Pav
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 65°
30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is involved on the west end and interferes with viewing. Located 6.5' SE of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4770 = DS 515 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, bM."
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IC 4771 = ESO 104-015 = LGG 422-030 = PGC 62445
18 48 23.8 -63 14 52; Pav
V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 179°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 1.2'x0.4', even surface brightness. Located 4.7' WNW of mag 7.4 HD 173344 and 9' NE of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4771 = DS 516 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, eS, R, bM."
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18 39 56.5 +40 01 35; Lyr
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'
17.5" (8/2/86): fairly faint, but extremely small, just
nonstellar. A mag 14 star lies
54" SSW of center. Forms a
pair with
Herbert Howe discovered IC 4772 = Ho. II-12 on 7 Sep 1898
with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He noted "eS, eF. Near 6685 and
6686. He added the note, "No.
12 precedes 6685 less than 2s, 2'.7 north. Between them lies a star of mag 11.5" His position matches
The CGCG and MCG reversed the identifications of NGC 6685 and IC 4772. IC 4772 is also misidentified as NGC 6685 in the RNGC. I included this error in my RNGC Corrections #2, WSQJ, 4/88 and Malcolm Thomson includes it in his list of CGCG Corrections.
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18 48 26.3 -57 11 01; Pav
V = 13.9; Size 1.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 17°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x and 394; fairly faint,
moderately large very elongated 7:2 SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.25', weak
concentration. A collinear string
of 3 mag 14-15 stars extends to the south-southwest. Located between mag 9.3
Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4764 = DS 518 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sept 1901. He noted "eF, eS, vE at 15°, susp."
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18 45 50.7 -33 20 34; Sgr
V = 10.8; Size 8"
8" (9/23/22): appears as a bright, pale blue star of at least 11th magnitude using 95x. Quite a strong blinker! IC 4776 appeared brighter than a mag 9.4 star situated 7.5' NE adding an NPB filter. Boosting the magnification to 200x, it was nonstellar with small but obvious disc over 5" in diameter.
14.5" (7/7/21): using 182x I immediately identified IC
4776 as a small, very bright blue disk.
Excellent contrast gain blinking with a UHC filter and the halo
blossomed in size. A mag 9.4
star (
17.5" (8/2/86): at 105x appears bright and stellar, verified with OIII blinking. Forms a wide 1' pair with a mag 13 star to the south. A mag 11 comparison star for blinking is 6' ESE. Good contrast gain with filter, extremely high surface brightness, estimate V = 11.0. At 286x, a small bluish disc is visible unfiltered. Located 12' ENE of a wide bright double star (7.7/9.5 at 45").
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4776 = Fleming 77 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1896 at the Arequipa station. Two years earlier she had flagged it as a star with a peculiar spectra (Type V).
Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported "No true central star can be made out. It is just distinguishable from a star, with wing in p.a. 24°; the length along this axis is 8". No wing is apparent on the opposite side."
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18 52 48.0 -63 15 35; Pav
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 94°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright,
fairly small, roundish, ~45" diameter, very small bright nucleus increases
to the center. A mag 12.6 star is
0.9' SE and a mag 13.5 is 1.6' E.
Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4784 = D.S. 526 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, S, R, bM." There is nothing at his position but 10' N is this galaxy, which fits the description. The error was first caught by Lauberts in the ESO. Corwin notes that Stewart probably missed the companion due to the superimposed star.
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18 52 55.2 -59 15 19; Pav
V = 12.3; Size 3.1'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 140°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately to fairly bright, sharply concentrated with a very bright core or bar oriented WNW-ESE and a much fainter halo oriented NNW-SSE. The surrounding star field is rich in faint stars and a couple of mag 16 stars are very near the halo.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4785 = DS 527 on a plate taken 16 Sept 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, iF, stell N."
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18 56 32.2 -64 55 44; Pav
V = 13.0; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 57°
30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and
large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30". Broad concentration with a bulging, brighter core. An extremely faint star or knot is at
the southwest end. A mag 14.5 star
lies 1' ENE and
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4790 = DS 532 on a plate taken in Sep 1900 from Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cB, S, R, bM."
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18 49 01.2 +19 19 52; Her
17.5" (8/2/97): this galaxy is located just 2.0'
following mag 5.9
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4791 visually on 4 Jun 1889 with the 36-inch Lick refractor. Burnham later measured micrometric offsets from the nearby bright star (Lalande 35032 = HD 174262) in 1899 with the 40-inch refractor at Yerkes (appendix to his 1900 General Catalogue of Double Stars, p. 296).
On the POSS1, this appears as a fairly bright compact galaxy
(confirmed by Brian Skiff on POSS 2), though it is not listed in any modern
catalogue except for
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18 57 09.6 -62 05 27; Pav
Size 1.4'x0.5'; PA = 19°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, fairly small, elongated ~4:3 SSW-NNE, ~36"x27",
small bright nucleus increases to the center. A mag 13.6 star is 0.9' SW.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4794 = D.S. 535 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "F, S, R, bM."
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18 56 27.8 -54 12 50; Tel
V = 12.3; Size 1.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 140°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright,
moderately large, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.6', moderately concentrated to a
very small bright core. A mag 12
star is north of the NW tip [0.9' NW of center]. Forms a pair with
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4796 = F. 1157 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1903, along with IC 4797, at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "14 magn, bM, near edge of plate."
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IC 4797 = ESO 183-029 = LGG 425-003 = PGC 62589
18 56 29.7 -54 18 21; Tel
V = 11.3; Size 3.0'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 146°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): brighter of a pair with IC 4796 5.5' N. Appears bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 1.8'x0.8', sharply concentrated with a very bright, high surface brightness core. A mag 13 star is to the north of the NW end, 1.4' NNW of center, and a fainter star is just 35" N of center. A mag 10 star lies 9' WNW, forming the western vertex of an isosceles triangle with IC 4796 and IC 4797.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4797 = F. 1158, along with IC 4796, on a plate taken 13 Aug 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "14 magn, bM, near edge of plate."
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IC 4798 = ESO 141-015 = LGG 422-014 = PGC 62630
18 58 20.9 -62 07 06; Pav
V = 12.2; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 108°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly bright,
moderately large, oval 4:3 WNW-ESE, ~60"x45", small bright core
increases to the center. A mag 14.5-15
star is just off the west end [34" from center]. IC 4794 lies 8.5' WNW and
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4798 = DS 537 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "F, S, R, bM."
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18 58 43.5 -63 08 21; Pav
V = 12.8; Size 1.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 164°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright,
fairly large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 1.6'x0.8', well concentrated with a small
bright core and fainter halo. The
major axis is collinear with a mag 14.3 star and a mag 12.8 star, 0.8' and 1.3'
NNW of center, respectively. NGC
6706 lies 12.5' WSW. Located at
the southern vertex of a large isosceles triangle with mag 6.5
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4800 = DS 538 on a plate taken
13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, S, stell
N in oval ellip. ring, d 0.3' to 0.4'; nebulous wisps at 170° and
350°." This galaxy is as
bright as
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18 59 38.4 -64 40 31; Pav
V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 89°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): bright, fairly
large, oval 3:2 E-W, 1.5'x1.0', sharply concentrated with a very bright core
surrounded by a fairly large, relatively faint halo. Located 4' SE of mag 9.5
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4801 = DS 540 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "cF, S, R, bM."
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18 55 07.0 -22 41 54; Sgr
18" (7/15/07): easily resolved very close pair of mag
13-14 stars at high power at the northeast side of
17.5" (7/20/98): this is a very close pair of mag 13.5
stars at the NE edge of NGC 6717 (
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4802 = Big. 434 on 30 Jun 1884 and described it in the 22 Jul 1901 Comptes Rendus as "nebulous star mag 13, situated near NGC 6717 in PA 35° [NE], d = 15"." Harold Corwin comments, "It was found and measured on the same night that Bigourdan measured NGC 6717. His position is precise and agrees to within a few arcsec of the GSC position. This nails the object as a clump of stars about 15 arcsec northeast of the center of NGC 6717." Jermain Porter also measured an accurate micrometric position in 1909 using the 16-inch Clark refractor at the Cincinnati Observatory.
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IC 4803 = ESO 141-017 NED1 = PGC 62677
19 00 39.9 -62 03 54; Pav
Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 0°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, small,
round, 15" diameter. First in
a triplet with the close interacting pair
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4803 = D.S. 541 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, R." ESO calls this a triple system and assigns the designation to the trio, but Corwin notes that Stewart's position and description only applies to the western component.
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19 01 30.7 -57 31 55; Pav
V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 9°
30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
fairly small, very elongated 4:1 SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.2', sharply concentrated with
a very small, bright core and stellar nucleus. A brighter star is superimposed on the SE edge and a very
faint star is at the NNE tip.
Located 14' NNE of the large spiral
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4806 = DS 544 on a plate taken 16 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, extremely elongated at 10°, 2 st v nr, susp."
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19 01 07.6 -45 18 49; CrA
V = 12.3; Size 1.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 45°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; bright, moderately
large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~1.5'x0.5', broadly brighter center, mottled
or uneven surface brightness (probably due to spiral structure). A mag 15.5 star is at tip of the
northeast edge. A mag 14 star is
off the west side [0.9' W of center].
Located 12' SSW of mag 7.4
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4808 = DS 545 on a plate taken May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, cL, considerably elongated at 45°, little brighter middle, susp."
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19 02 59.7 -56 09 35; Tel
V = 12.6; Size 3.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 136°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; extremely faint, very large, low surface brightness streak, ~2.0'x0.2'. Situated in a rich star field. A mag 15.5 star is close west of center. A distinctive 5' E-W string of mag 11-12 stars is roughly 7' NE and a 1' pair of mag 11.5-12 stars ~5' SW "points" to IC 4810.
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint, very large, thin edge-on streak 8:1 NW-SE, 2.4'x0.3', broad and fairly weak concentration, bulges slightly near the center. A mag 16 star is just east of the northwest extension and a mag 15.4 star is 30" W of center.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4810 = DS 548 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sept 1901. He reported "eF, S, extremely elongated at 140°, little brighter in the middle."
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19 06 50.6 -61 42 05; Pav
V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 167°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter, bright core. Two mag 14 stars 0.8' and 1.2' NW are collinear with the galaxy.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4815 = DS 553 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, vS, R, bM."
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19 06 12.3 -56 09 34; Tel
V = 13.7; Size 1.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 12°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright and
large, elongated 5:2 N-S, broad weak concentration. A mag 15 star is just east of the northern flank. Forms a close pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4817 = DS 555 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "eF, vS, considerably elongated at 0°." Nearby ESO 184-011 was not mentioned in his discovery list.
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19 07 07.3 -59 28 01; Pav
V = 13.4; Size 2.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 120°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint,
extremely thin edge-on streak, at least 8:1 NW-SE, ~1.8'x0.2', fairly uniform
width, except tapers slightly at tips. A 15th magnitude star is superimposed
near the southeast tip and a mag 16 star is at the north edge of the central
region. Located 15' SW of mag 7.8
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4819 = DS 556 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "vF, S, extremely elongated at 130°."
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19 12 15.7 -63 58 34; Pav
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 18°
30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
moderately large,, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30", relatively low even
surface brightness. Forms a double
with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4823 = DS 559 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "vF, vS."
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19 12 21.2 -57 12 08; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 46°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately to fairly
bright, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 0.9'x0.6', broadly concentrated with a brighter
core. Located 12' SE of NGC
6753.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4826 = DS 561 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "eF, eeS, R."
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19 13 21.2 -60 51 37; Pav
V = 12.4; Size 2.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 166°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright and
large, very elongated 5:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.25'x0.25', very small bright
nucleus. Bracketed by two pairs of
brighter stars; a mag 8.8 star is 1.9' NW (with a mag 11 star 2' to its west),
and a mag 9.1 star 3.2' NE (with a mag 12 star 0.9' to its NE). Member of the
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4827 = DS 564 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "F, cS, extremely elongated at 170°, stell N."
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19 13 48.6 -59 17 40; Pav
V = 12.4; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 28°
25" (10/17/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated 4:3 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.85'. Contains a brighter elongated core that appears to be a bar[confirmed afterwards on the DSS]. A mag 15 star is at the east edge of the halo.
Located in a rich Pavo star field 47' NE of the center of the showpiece globular NGC 6752. A string of stars, including a mag 11/14.5 pair and a mag 12 star, extends to the southwest. IC 4830 is a member of the Pavo-Indus Supercluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4830 = DS 566 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "eF, eS, R, little brighter in the middle."
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19 14 43.8 -62 16 21; Pav
V = 12.3; Size 3.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 111°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; bright, large, edge-on
5:1 WNW-ESE, 3.0'x0.6', sharply concentrated with a relatively large bright
elongated core, fades at the tips.
Mag 8.5
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4831 = DS 568 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "! cF, vS, extremely elongated at 150°, 2-branch spir."
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19 14 03.9 -56 36 39; Tel
V = 12.7; Size 2.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 144°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly bright, fairly
large, edge-on 5:1 or 6:1 NW-SE, 1.8'x0.3', contains a bright elongated
core. A mag 14.5 star is at the
northwest end. Located 3.9' S of
mag 9.2
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4832 = DS 569 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901 and reported "vF, vS, extremely elongated at 145°, stell N."
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IC 4833 = ESO 141-040 = AM 1911-622 NED01 = PGC 62980
19 15 41.3 -62 19 45; Pav
V = 14.0; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 95°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint to moderately bright, elongated ~E-W, 0.5'x0.3'. Within a small triangle of stars: a mag 14.7 star 0.6' S, a mag 15.0 star 0.5' NW and a mag 16.1 star 0.5' E. Located 7.5' SE of bright IC 4831 and 4.7' NW of mag 8.1 HD 179303.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4833 = DS 570 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901 and reported "eeF, eS, R, bM."
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19 16 17.9 -60 12 01; Pav
V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 71°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint to moderately bright, roundish, ~45" diameter, fairly low and nearly even surface brightness. At 397x, the halo is bit irregular and surrounds a faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Located 24' NW of NGC 6769/6770/6771 in the NGC 6769 Group = LGG 427 and 42' ESE of the spectacular globular cluster NGC 6752!
Joseph Turner discovered IC 4836 on 3 Aug 1883 with the Great Melbourne Telescope while searching for NGC 6769. This is the last entry in his eyepiece notepad. He measured an offset of 1 minute 56 seconds preceding NGC 6769 and 16' north and described it as "very faint, difficult to detect, no stars near, round, about 1' diam., gradually a little brighter in middle." His offsets lands 2.4' SE of IC 4836 and the description fits. This was Turner's last observation as just two weeks later on 17 Aug he passed away from complications due to heart failure.
DeLisle Stewart rediscovered IC 4836 = DS 574 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "F, cL, iF, 2 st inv." Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.
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19 15 14.6 -54 39 41; Tel
V = 12.5; Size 2.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 8°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright,
fairly large, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~1.5'x1.0', broad concentration with a
brighter elongated core. Forms a
pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4837 = DS 573 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "F, cS, R, bM."
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IC 4839 = ESO 184-048 = AM 1911-544 NED2 = PGC 62975
19 15 34.1 -54 37 36; Tel
V = 12.5; Size 2.3'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 147°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, broad mild concentration, elongated core region appears to be a bar [confirmed later on the DSS]. At 397x, the outer halo was slightly irregular in brightness, suggesting some spiral arcs. Forms an attractive pair with IC 4837 3.5' SW. ESO 184-042 lies 11' WNW. Member of the Pavo-Indus Supercluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4839 = DS 575 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "F, S, * inv in neb."
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19 19 24.6 -60 38 40; Pav
V = 12.4; Size 1.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 20°
18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this
galaxy is located 8' SE of
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4842 = DS 579 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, vS, R."
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19 20 22.5 -60 23 21; Pav
V = 11.6; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 87°
25" (10/17/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly large, oval 5:4 E-W, sharply concentrated with a very bright, very small nucleus! The halo extends ~1.25'x1.0' and a fairly bright star is superimposed on the southwest side.
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly small, round. Contains a very small bright nucleus in a low surface brightness 30" halo. The view is hampered by a mag ~13 star that's attached on the southwest end of the halo [only 15" from the nucleus!] Located 15' NE of the NGC 6769/6770/6771 trio and a member of the NGC 6769 = LGC 427 group.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4845 = DS 582 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, bM, * 11m 0.4' sp."
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19 16 28.3 -09 02 37; Aql
V = 12.0; Size 2"
8" (9/23/22): appears as a 12th magnitude blue-grey "star" at 95x with a brighter 11th magnitude star less than 3' due south. Sliding a NPB filter into the light path, the PN far outshined the comparison star. Scaling up to 325x, IC 4846 seemed non-stellar, though teensy, perhaps a few arc seconds across.
14.5" (7/7/21): identified at 140x and 182x as a mag 12 "star" with greenish color. Extremely strong response to a UHC filter. Increasing to 264x, the planetary was clearly soft with a diameter at most 4". At 352x, it appeared to have a faint central star in a very small halo.
24" (9/10/15): bright greenish (stellar) planetary at 200x. The color gave it away and it was easily verified by blinking with an NPB filter. It clearly had a "soft" appearance at 260x and a very small disc was evident at 375x, just a couple of arcseconds in size. Forms the northwest vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 2.9' S and a similar star 3.6' ESE.
13.1" (7/85): bright stellar planetary, appears as a
mag 11.5-12 "star" which blinks well with an OIII filter at 79x. Located in a rich star field 20' S of
mag 7.3
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4846 = Fleming 100 on a Harvard photographic plate taken in 1901. She identified it as a gaseous nebula (Harvard Circular 60).
Based on Crossley photographs at Lick, Curtis (1918) reported "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to have a minute disk visually in the 36-inch refractor."
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19 26 25.3 -60 20 10; Pav
V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 171°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x and 429x; fairly
bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2, ~0.9'x0.6'. Brighter along the elongated core or bar E-W [DSS shows it’s
a bar]. Some structure evident in the central region; the surface brightness is
uneven and there was an impression of curvature at the ends of the bar [these
are the roots of the spiral arms that extend N and S of the bar]. A mag 9.3 star (
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4852 = DS 587 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, bM."
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19 27 30.5 -54 54 31; Tel
V = 13.9; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 31°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, very
elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~45"x15", fairly low surface brightness,
irregular shape. A mag 12.8 star
lies 1' NE. Forms an interacting
pair with brighter
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4856 = DS 590 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 17 Sep 1901 and reported "eF, eS, D neb, susp."
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19 26 32.0 +50 07 31; Cyg
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 19°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, ~40"x15". A 1.2' pair (STTA 182) of mag 7.4 and mag 8.6 stars is 2' to 3' NE. The brighter star has a mag 11.5 companion at 35".
IC 4867 = IC 1301 forms a close pair with
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4867 on 1 Jul 1901 at Yerkes Observatory while measuring the separation and position angle of nearby STT 182. He mentioned a nearby nebula in his 1904 "Measures of Double Stars with the 40-Inch Refractor of the Yerkes Observatory in 1900 and 1901".
Lewis Swift probably discovered this galaxy on 15 Apr 1890,
but his position was 50' too far south.
In a letter to Herbert Howe, Swift corrected the declination 35' further
north, within 15' of IC 4867. In
the IC 2 notes, Dreyer questioned if
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19 44 58.3 -14 48 03; Sgr
V = 8.8; Size 15.5'x13.5'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 5°
See observing notes for
Max Wolf found IC 4895 on photographs taken at Heidelberg on
16 Jul 1906 and 8 Aug 1907. He
assumed the two brighter HII regions at the north end of Barnard's Galaxy were
NGC 6822 and
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19 56 47.6 -37 19 42; Sgr
V = 12.9; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 130°
24" (9/6/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', gradual weak concentration to the center. There was a strong impression of a low
surface brightness halo extending ~0.9'x0.7'. Located 13' S of mag 7.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4913 = Sw. 11-185 on 6 Jul 1897 and reported "eeeF; pS; 3 st s[outh] like belt of Orion point to it; eee diff[icult]." His position is 1 minute of RA too far west and nearly 2' too far south. Howe reexamined the field in 1899, measured an accurate position, and noted "The three stars mentioned by Swift are of mags 9.5, 10 and 9, and are about 8' south of the nebula. Their line prolonged does not strike the nebula, but follows a little." Dreyer incorporated Howe's comments in the IC description.
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20 00 12.1 -38 34 43; Sgr
V = 12.8; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 54°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly bright, round,
~45" diameter, strongly concentrated with a bright, well defined round
core that increases to the center.
Slightly fainter and smaller of a pair with
17.5" (8/3/94): moderately bright, round, 1.2'
diameter, even concentration to a bright core. A stellar nucleus is visible with direct vision. Forms a similar pair with IC 4931 7.5'
E. I also ran across
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4926 = Sw. 11-186, along with IC 4931, on 6 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; pS; lE, precedes the below 37 sec; e diff; p of 2 [with IC 4931]." Swift's positions were 3' too far south and about 15 seconds of RA too small in his fourth discovery list from Lowe but pretty accurate in his accumulated 11th list (perhaps from Herbert Howe).
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IC 4931 = ESO 339-023 = MCG -06-44-008 = PGC 63976
20 00 50.3 -38 34 30; Sgr
V = 11.9; Size 2.4'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 135°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): bright, fairly large, oval 4:3
NW-SE, ~1.5'x1.2', strongly concentrated with a prominent core. A mag 12.1 star is 1.6' SE. Brightest cD galaxy in the core of AGC
3656 with 5 other members seen within 10'. Located 4.5' WNW of mag 7.8
17.5" (8/3/94): moderately bright, elongated 3:2 E-W, sharply
concentrated with a small bright core and a stellar nucleus at moments. The fainter halo is roughly
1.2'x0.8'. Brightest in a trio
with IC 4926 7.5' W and LEDA 93980 7.3' S. Located 4.4' W of mag 7.7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4931 = Sw. 11-187, along with IC 4926, on 6 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; 8m * f[ollows] 20s; f of 2 [with IC 4926]." Swift's RA is about 10 seconds too small (improved from his fourth discovery list from Lowe Observatory, which was also 3' too far south), but Howe measured an accurate position that was used in the IC.
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20 03 29.0 -54 58 48; Tel
V = 12.3; Size 2.3'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 0°
30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright,
large, oval 5:4 ~N-S, ~1.8'x1.4'.
Sharply concentrated with a very small bright core, increasing to the
center. The outer halo shows weak
spiral structure (two arms), though they can't be easily traced. A mag 12.7 star lies 1.6' S. Forms a nice pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4933 = DS 632 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 3 Oct 1901. He noted "eF, eS, 2-branch open spiral." I'm surprised JH missed this galaxy and picked up nearby NGC 6850 (8' separation). Perhaps it was just outside his sweep limit.
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20 06 28.2 -48 22 33; Tel
V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 38°
18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): At
128x, this member of the Telescopium Group = ACO S851 appeared faint, small,
round, 25" diameter. A mag
12.8 star lies 0.9' N of center. Located 8.5' W of
2MASX J20062917-4819434 appeared extremely faint, round, perhaps 20" diameter and formed the northern vertex of a triangle with IC 4943 2.8' S and a mag 10.3 star 3.4' ESE.
Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4943, along with nearby 2MASX J20062917-4819434, on 5 Oct 1885 while observing the Telescopium Group with the Great Melbourne Telescope. He wrote "D [IC 4943] is a little brighter than C [2MASX J20062917-4819434] but still pretty faint. It is very small and gradually pretty much brighter middle. Looks like a diffused faint nebulous star." His sketch, which includes a nearby mag 10.3 star along with several additional fainter stars, perfectly matches the field surrounding IC 4943. The discovery was never announced.
Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 4943 = Sw. 11-188 on
8 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; F * near north; ee diff; p of 2
[with
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20 07 08.8 -54 26 49; Tel
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 6°
30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
fairly small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 0.7'x0.4', weak concentration. Located 14' SE of
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4944 = F. 1186 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 31 Aug 1904. He noted "bM, magn 14."
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20 23 58.1 -43 59 43; Sgr
V = 11.8; Size 2.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 68°
30" (10/10/15 - OzSky): bright, fairly large, very
elongated 7:2 WSW-ENE, sharply concentrated with a very bright, elongated
core. The galaxy is surrounded by
numerous stars, including a 52" pair of mag 10/11.5 stars 2.7' E, a mag
13.3 star 1.7' NE, a mag 14.1 star 1.6' WSW, a mag 14.4 star 1.2' NW, and a mag
15 star at the west-southwest edge.
18" (8/19/09): at 175x appeared fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 1.0x'0.4', broad weak concentration. Located 2.7' W of a wide pair of mag 10/12 stars at 52" separation. Observed at only 9° elevation.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4946 = Sw. 12-15 on 11 Sep 1897
and logged ""eF, S, R, 3 or 4 st f, form with the neb, a circle, sp
of 2 [with Sw. 12-16 = IC 4948]."
There is nothing at Swift's position for either of these two
entries. Harold Corwin suggests
that Swift's made an 18 minute error in time (too small). Once corrected, his position falls very
close to Shapley-Ames 5 (New 5) = ESO 285-007. In addition, his description fits using three or four stars
close east. Using the same
correction for Sw. 12-16,
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IC 4948 = NGC 6902 = ESO 285-008 = MCG -07-42-002 = AM 2021-434 = LGG 434-003 = PGC 64632
20 24 28.0 -43 39 12; Sgr
V = 10.9; Size 5.6'x3.9'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 153°
See observing notes for NGC 6902.
Lewis Swift found IC 4948 = Sw. 12-16 on 17 Sep 1897. There is nothing at his position. Harold Corwin suggests that Lewis Swift made an 18 minute error in time in recording the RA of Sw. 12-15 and 12-16, as his descriptions and relative positions are a reasonable match for IC 4946 and IC 4948 (particularly the former). Making this correction, IC 4948 = NGC 6902. But Swift lists the discovery date for IC 4948 as 17 Sep 1897, 6 nights later than IC 4946, though he also made a number of errors in recording dates during his last year of observing. So, some uncertainly on this equivalence still remains.
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IC 4949 = NGC 6861 = ESO 233-032 = LGG 430-003 = PGC 64136
20 07 19.4 -48 22 12; Tel
V = 11.1; Size 2.8'x1.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 140°
See observing notes for NGC 6861.
Lewis Swift found IC 4949 = Sw. 11-189, along with IC 4943, on 8 Jul 1897 and reported "B; vS; cE; f of 2 [with IC 4943]. His position is just 3' N of NGC 6861 so apparently he missed the earlier observation by Herschel. See Corwin's identification notes.
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20 04 48 +29 15; Vul
Size 1'
17.5" (9/26/92): this moderately bright reflection
nebulosity forms a fairly striking compact pair with
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4954, along with IC 4955, on 9 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted, "the north nebula [IC 4954] is not so well defined [as the south one] - that is the star is not. The star may be double, there is a faint star or separate patch (definition too bad to decide) close s.f. If the star is double, the components will be nearly n and s but not quite." He also viewed these reflection nebulae on 15 and 29 Jun, as well as 25 Jul 1888. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer.
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20 04 54 +29 11; Vul
Size 2'
17.5" (9/26/92): at 140x appears as the larger and slightly brighter of a pair of reflection nebulae with IC 4954 4' NW. Surrounds a mag 12 star, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 1' diameter. A line of three mag 13.5 stars is close southeast. No contrast enhancement with OIII or Deep Sky filter.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4955, along with IC 4954, on 9 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "found a fine nebulous star of 12 mag."
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20 15 23.9 -70 32 16; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 166°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; moderately bright,
fairly small, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 NNW-SSE, ~0.7'x0.2', small brighter
nucleus. A mag 16 star is at the
northern tip. Situated 1.5' ENE of
a mag 10.3 star. Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4960 = D.S. 651 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He reported "eF, eS, bM." His RA was 7 seconds too small, though there is no question on the identification.
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IC 4967 = ESO 073-029 = LGG 432-007 = PGC 64396
20 16 23.2 -70 33 53; Pav
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.55'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 92°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter. A mag 11.6 star is 1.5' WNW. Fainter of a pair with IC 4960 5.2' WNW. Located 12.5' NNW of NGC 6872 in the Pavo-I Group = LGG 432.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4967 = D.S. 651 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He reported "vF, bM."
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20 16 57.6 -70 44 59; Pav
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 11.6; PA = 90°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): IC 4970 is an interacting companion to NGC 6872, situated 1.1' N of center. At 303x it appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.25', contains a very small bright nucleus.
18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this is an interacting companion of NGC 6872, situated just 1.1' N of center within the Pavo-I Group. At 171x, it appeared faint, very small, slightly elongated, 20"x15". A mag 10.4 star lies 1.8' SW. Images reveal a distorted bridge and plumes due to interaction with NGC 6872.
18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this small companion to NGC 6872 appeared faint, small, slightly elongated, ~20"x15". Located 1' N of the core of NGC 6872.
Joseph Turner discovered IC 4970 = DS 657 on 27 August 1881during an observation of NGC 6872 with the Great Melbourne Telescope. He wrote, "there is a small round nebula 1' north of 4549 [NGC 6872] not mentioned by Herschel." The discovery was included in a final list of 6 new nebulae at the end of his notebook and mentioned in the "Seventeenth Annual Report of the Observatory", published in 1882. Pietro Baracchi later reobserved the pair and made a diagram of the field on 3 Sep 1885, labeling IC 4970 as New. Dreyer apparently wasn't aware of this announcement in the observatory report so IC 4970 wasn't assigned a NGC designation.
DeLisle Stewart rediscovered IC 4970 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "bM, nr NGC 6872." Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.
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20 17 42.9 -70 54 53; Pav
V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 15°
18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this
is the faintest of 8 members of the Pavo-I Group observed and is situated 4.7'
SW of
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4972 = DS 661 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "eF, vS, extremely elongated at 15°."
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20 19 39.9 -70 50 57; Pav
V = 13.1; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 11.5; PA = 135°
18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this
Pavo-I Group member is a faint companion of
18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): extremely faint, small. Situated close NE of NGC 6880. A very faint star is superimposed on the north side.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4981 = D.S. 663 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "eF, eS, * nr."
Both Joseph Turner and Pietro Baracchi sketched NGC 6876, 6877 and 6880 with the 48" Melbourne Telescope (on 12 Sep 1881 and 3 Sep 1885, respectively) but failed to notice IC 4981, though Baracchi plotted a 15th mag star at or near its position
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20 20 20.8 -71 00 28; Pav
Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 50°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; faint to fairly faint,
slightly elongated SW-NE, 20"x15". A close (interacting) companion (
Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4982 on 3 Sep 1885 while searching for NGC 6872 and 6876 in the Pavo-I cluster with the 48" Melbourne Telescope. Baracchi's sketch, which perfectly matches the field, displays IC 4982 and IC 4985 as small round nebulae along with a half dozen field stars. The discovery was never published.
DeLisle Stewart independently discovered IC 4982 = D.S. 665 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "vF, bM." Stewart was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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IC 4985 = ESO 073-040 = PGC 64505
20 20 44.0 -70 59 13; Pav
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 66°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, broad concentration. Slightly brighter of a pair with IC 4982 2.3' SW. Member of the Pavo-I Group.
Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4985 on 3 Sep 1885, while searching for NGC 6872 and 6876 (Pavo-I cluster) with the 48" Melbourne Telescope. Baracchi's sketch, which perfectly matches the field, displays IC 4982 and IC 4985 as small round nebulae along with a half dozen field stars. The discovery was never published.
DeLisle Stewart independently discovered IC 4985 = D.S. 666 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "vF, bM." Stewart was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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20 18 23.3 -41 03 01; Sgr
V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 145°
18" (8/19/09): fairly faint, moderately large, oval 3:2
NW-SE, 1.5'x1.0'. Broad
concentration to a large, brighter core.
Located 8.5' S of mag 8.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4991 = Sw. 11-191 on 23 Sep 1897
and reported, "vF; cS; R; no bright star near". There is nothing near his
position. The nearest bright
galaxy is
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20 16 30 +37 38 00; Cyg
V = 7.3; Size 6'
18" (8/14/04): beautiful open cluster at 225x with
perhaps three dozen stars resolved in fairly poor seeing. Appears small, but rich and quite
elongated SSW-NNE, ~4'x2'.
Includes three bright mag 8.5-9.5 stars (ADS 13626) forming an obtuse
isosceles triangle with the brightest star at the vertex. A 4th fainter star to the west forms a
trapezoid with this trio. Two of
the stars in the triangle are close, unequal doubles (including ß422, 9.7/10.8
at 4") and the single star has a 13th magnitude close pair nearby! The remainder of the stars in the
cluster are generally mag 13 and fainter.
There are sprays of stars to the north and south giving the elongated
appearance. Located 1.1° SE of the
Crescent Nebula and 1.7° SW of
13.1" (8/25/84): ~40 stars at 144x. Rich in faint stars using averted vision.
13.1" (9/11/82 and 9/9/83): 30-40 stars at 160x, appears very rich, includes several very faint stars, elongated SSW-NNE. The brightest stars are three mag 8.5-9 stars in a tight grouping in the center.
8" (8/28/81): consists of three mag 9 stars with a string of stars to the stars, over haze, appears rich with averted.
William Herschel discovered IC 4996 on 20 Sep 1786 (sweep 594). He recorded, "Clustering stars the place taken is pretty much condensed, and contains 3 pS stars close together." But Caroline didn't assign a general discovery number and it wasn't catalogued later. Wolfgang Steinicke found his offset in time and PD from 6th magnitude 34 Cygni (the next object in the sweep) matched this cluster. Interestingly, the next nonstellar object in the sweep was M29, though he just noted "Clustering large stars" with no discovery number or reference to M29.
According to Steinicke, Hugo Clemens "noticed the object on a plate taken [13 Jun 1896] for the Photographische Himmelskarte with a 10.5" f/10.5 astrograph at Potsdam Observatory." The IC credit went to Frank Bellamy, who independently discovered IC 4996 on a plate taken 9 Oct 1903 with the 13" astrograph at Radcliff Observatory in Oxford. The discovery was announced in the paper "A New Cluster in Cygnus", MNRAS 64, 662 (1904). Bellamy didn't state a position for the cluster and Dreyer's estimated position is ~25' too far north.
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20 20 08.7 +16 43 54; Sge
V = 10.8; Size 2"
8" (9/23/22): IC 4997, a very compact mag 10.8
planetary, has an ideal 10th mag comparison star (
14.5" (8/20/22): easy to identify at 66x just 1' NE of a brighter mag 10 star, though in a rich star field. Blinking with the OIII filter than PN seemed roughly 1 mag brighter than the comparison star. At 140x, it displayed a bluish color and was slightly non-stellar (more evident with averted vision), which was confirmed at 226x (perhaps 3" diameter). Excellent view at 660x with an evenly lit, high surface brightness disc.
14.5" (7/11/21): immediately recognized as a compact PN at 140x due to its typical soft blue appearance just 1' NE of a brighter mag 10 star. Adding a UHC filter the PN was noticeably brighter than the star and a tiny disc was clearly outlined. At 182x with a filter, I'd estimate the PN seemed 1 mag brighter than the star. A third 12th mag star just W complete an obtuse isosceles triangle. Increasing to 352x, the blue 3"-5" disc had a very high surface brightness. Also examined at 528x but didn't see any additional details. Located in a rich Sagitta star field 36' NW of the triple star STF 2670 (in Del).
17.5" (8/18/01): the PN appears as an unusually bright mag 11 "star" (V = 10.8) at 100x in a rich star field. Verified with OIII blinking. An excellent comparison star is a mag 10 star just 1' SW. A 12th mag star 2' WSW completes a distinctive obtuse triangle. With the filter the PN is nearly one magnitude brighter than the 10th mag star. At 280x, the PN is bluish and a tiny disc was highly suspected, perhaps 2"-3".
13.1" (7/85): bright stellar planetary at all powers, confirmed with an OIII blinking from home in El Cerrito. A slightly brighter mag 10.4 star for comparison blinking is 1.1' SW.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4997 = Fleming 97 in 1896 during her regular examination of Henry Draper Memorial photographs. It was included in a list of stars with unusual spectra announced by Pickering in the Harvard College Observatory, Circular No.9 in July 1896. According to Wolfgang Steinicke, Gustav Gruss independently discovered IC 4997 around 1896, using a 6" or 8" refractor with the aid of a visual spectroscope, so both deserve discovery credit.
Based on Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported IC 4997 was "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to have a minute disk visually with the 36-inch."
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20 23 56.3 -26 00 54; Cap
V = 12.5; Size 1.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 92°
18" (9/3/08): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W,
broad weak concentration. Two or
three faint stars are at the edges of the halo; the brightest is a mag 14.5
star at the NE edge of the halo (45" from the center), a faint star at the
west edge (40" from center) and a faint star off the north side. Located 14' SW of mag 7
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4999 on 26 Aug 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He found this galaxy "While hunting for an object seen in comet seeker" and noted a "pL, R, vf neb among stars."
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20 22 21.5 +06 25 48; Aql
V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 63°
17.5" (7/20/90): faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 WSW-ENE,
overall diffuse with a low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 30" off the NW side and 1.4' from the
center.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5000 = Big. 335 (= NGC 6901) on
29 Sep 1891 with a description "a clearly nebulous object, 50"
diameter, in its extent are several stellar points." His position matches
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