00 11 00.9 -12 49 22; Cet
Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 142°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, elongated
NW-SE, 30"x15", nearly even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is 2' W. Situated at the midpoint of a 12"
pair of stars 5' NNE and a 28" pair 5' SSW. Located 15' SSE of orange mag 5.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2 = J. 1-1 on 27 Aug 1892
with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice observatory. His position matches
******************************
00 12 06.1 -00 24 55; Psc
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 53°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~35"x25", round core with a very small bright nucleus increasing to a stellar peak. A mag 14.3 star is 1.5' WSW. A distinctive group of 7 mag 11.5-13 forming a loop is ~5' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 3 = J. 1-2 on 12 Sep 1893
with the 30-inch f/23 "Grande Lunette" refractor at Nice by Paul
Gautier and the Henry Bros. He
reported it as "faint, very small, irregular form, slightly mottled." His position matches
******************************
00 13 26.9 +17 29 11; Peg
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 12°
24" (9/16/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated N-S, 35"x25". No significant concentration but contains a quasi-stellar
nucleus with direct vision.
Located 31' NW of
Carl Frederick Pechüle discovered IC 4 on 12 Sep 1893 with an 11" Merz refractor at the Copenhagen observatory, probably while searching for a comet. He reported "very faint, pretty round, 10"-12" diameter, perhaps even bigger, fairly even brightness." The IC position is 3' too far south, but there are no other nearby candidates.
******************************
00 17 34.9 -09 32 36; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.65'; PA = 9°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, oval 4:3 N-S, very small bright core, good surface brightness, well defined 30" diameter halo. A mag 13 star is 1' N and a mag 12 star is 2' NW. MCG -02-01-045, attached on the south side of the mag 12 star, appeared very faint and small, round, only 15" diameter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5 = J. 1-3 on 19 Sep 1892 and reported "faint, similar to a mag 13 star with nebulosity". His position is accurate.
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00 18 55.0 -03 16 34; Psc
V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (9/1/16): at 220x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, gradually increases to the
center. Situated between two mag
12.5 stars 3.4' NW and 4.0' SE.
Forms a pair (identical redshifts) with
Truman Safford discovered IC 6 = Sf. 89 = J. I-4 on 23 Sep
1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. His position was 1' SE of
******************************
00 18 53.2 +10 35 41; Psc
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 0°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint and small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20", small bright core, quasi-stellar nucleus. A mag ~13 star is at SSW edge and somewhat affects the view.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 7 = J. 2-506 on 28 Nov 1893 and remarked, "faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Follows and below a star. Appears like a double star surrounded by nebulosity. His position was 3' too far south due to applying the offset in the wrong direction from his comparison star.
******************************
IC 8 = MCG -01-01-076 = PGC 1234
00 19 02.7 -03 13 19; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 129°
24" (9/1/16): at 220x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, ~25"x18", weak concentration. Fainter of a pair with IC 6 3.8' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 8 = J. I-5 on 19 Sep 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "vF, vS, irr E, little brighter middle" and measured an accurate position. Dreyer assumed Truman Safford's Sf. 89 was an earlier discovery of this galaxy and credited Safford, but he discovered nearby IC 6.
******************************
00 19 44.0 -14 07 19; Cet
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 122°
24" (9/1/16): fairly faint, small, round, 18". Contains a stellar nucleus embedded in a faint halo.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 9 = J. I-6 on 23 Aug 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "vF, roundish, 1' diameter" and measured an accurate position.
******************************
00 20 23.2 +59 17 35; Cas
V = 10.4; Size 6.3'x5.1'; Surf Br = 14.0
18" (9/6/10): this local group dwarf Irregular was
immediately picked up at 108x (without a printed finder chart) as a large, low
surface brightness hazy glow, ~4'x2.5', roughly elongated NW-SE, though the
outer extent increased with averted vision and careful viewing. A mag 12.7 star is superposed to the
southeast of center and a few stars are on the northwest end. The 1.5' region surrounding the mag 12.7
star is the brightest portion of the galaxy and the W and NW regions have a
very low surface brightness and appeared irregular and patchy. Located 12' NE of mag 7.3
Using 175x, a very small 15" knot was clearly visible about 50" following the mag 12.7 star. This knot is a giant HII region (site of violent starburst formation) catalogued by Hodge and Lee (1990) as HL 111. At 285x with direct vision a faint star at its west edge was similar in visibility, but with averted vision the HII knot was more evident. I probably viewed the brightest component 111c, which has a diameter of 11", of this HII complex. Two mag 10.5 stars 3.5' S and 5.5' S of the galaxy (part of the right triangle mentioned above) provide a useful guide to pinpoint the location of HL 111. The HII region is directly on a line and equally spaced with these stars -- just follow the stars to the small knot.
18" (7/15/07): at 225x this Local Group member (
18" (10/8/05): picked up fairly easily at 115x as a large, low surface brightness hazy region with a mag 13 star superimposed. Good view at 160x using the Meade 14mm Ultrawide. Appeared faint, large, slightly elongated, ~4'-5' diameter (though no distinct borders) with a patchy, mottled appearance, very weak concentration. Several faint stars (besides the mag 13 star) are superimposed. Situated within a rich star field and appears similar to a low surface brightness emission or reflection nebula.
13.1" (11/5/83 and 10/20/84): very faint, moderately large, elongated NW-SE. Unusually low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is superimposed near the center. Located in a very rich star field just 3.3° from the galactic plane! Member of the Local Group.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 10 = Sw. 7-1 on 8 Oct 1887 and recorded "F * involved in vL, eeeF nebulosity, eee difficult. In line with 2 stars of equal mag which with a 3rd forms a right angled triangle."
Nicholas Mayall first recognized IC 10 as a galaxy in 1935 ("An Extragalactic Object 3° from the Plane of the Galaxy" in PASP, 47, 317). In 1936, Hubble suggested it might be a member of the local group and called it "One of the most curious objects in the sky" in his 1936 classic "The Realm of the Nebulae." This wasn't confirmed until 1996 using Cepheid variables and the current distance estimate is ~2.5 million l.y. This irregular dwarf galaxy is probably a member of the M31 satellite system. It lies only 3.3° from the galactic plane and is the nearest starburst galaxy.
******************************
00 52 48 +56 37 42; Cas
Size 35'x30'
See observing notes for
E.E. Barnard found IC 11 around 1892 using the 6-inch Cooke refractor at Vanderbilt Observatory in Nashville. The discovery was probably relayed directly to Dreyer as its not mentioned in any of his published papers. There is nothing at the IC position but Corwin notes that his description points to NGC 281, which is 30 minutes of RA east, and perhaps there was a transcription error.
******************************
00 20 15.0 -02 39 11; Psc
V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 20°
24" (9/22/22): at 325x; faint but readily visible, oval
5:2 SSW-NNE, ~35" major axis. Sometimes it seemed to have a brighter
spine, like a bar. A mag 15.5 star
is 30" S of center, just off the edge.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 12 = J. 1-7 on 7 Nov 1891 and recorded "pretty bright, elongated N-S, 20" or larger diameter.
******************************
00 20 20.1 +07 42 02; Psc
V = 14.6; Size 1.4'x0.4'; PA = 163°
24" (10/9/21): at 260x and 375x; faint, low surface brightness, often only a slightly brighter central region was seen. With careful viewing the extensions were seen, increasing the size to ~0.9'x0.3' NNW-SSE. Forms an equilateral triangle with two mag 14/14.5 stars 2' NE and 2' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 13 = J. 2-507 on 10 Nov 1892. His position is fairly accurate.
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00 27 57.6 -00 03 41; Cet
V = 15.0; Size 0.4'x0.35'
24" (9/22/22): at 325x; very faint and small, round,
just 15" diameter, fairly low even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is ~2' NE and a 10th mag
star (very wide unequal pair) is 4' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 15 = J. 1-8 on 27 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. PGC doesn't label LEDA 165298 as IC 15.
******************************
00 28 07.7 -13 05 38; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 51°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, round,
25" diameter, nearly even surface brightness. Two mag 14.4 and 13.7 stars are 2' SE and 3' SE. Brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 16 = J. 1-9 on 3 Nov 1891. His position is fairly accurate.
******************************
00 28 29.8 +02 38 55; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 0.6'x0.55'
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round,
25" diameter, very small bright nucleus with a stellar peak. Member of the
UGC 275 appeared faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~40"x20" (central region), low surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 17 = J. 1-10 on 19 Aug 1892.
UGC, MCG and PGC misidentified IC 17 as UGC 275. It is correctly identified in CGCG and in modern databases NED, SIMBAD and LEDA.
******************************
00 28 35.0 -11 35 12; Cet
Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 29°
48" (10/25/14): at 488x; moderately bright, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", weak concentration with an overall fairly low surface brightness. A mag 16.5 star is adjacent to the center of the galaxy at the east edge.
The northern tidal tail was visible as a very faint, narrow
extension, ~1' long, to the north-northeast (PA 30°). The spike stretched roughly twice the length of the galaxy
and was slightly brighter or easier to view near where it emerged on the north
side of the galaxy. The tidal
plume to the south (not a bridge but extends in the general direction of
24" (9/15/12): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1
SW-NE, 30"x15", low surface brightness. Fainter of a pair (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 18 = J. 1-11, along with IC 19, on 31 Aug 1892. He noted "pF, S, irr, gradually brighter in the middle" and measured an accurate position.
******************************
IC 19 = Arp 100 NED2 = Mrk 949 = MCG -02-02-024 = PGC 1762
00 28 39.5 -11 38 27; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 30°
48" (10/25/14): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25'x 20", bright core, stellar nucleus. Brighter (higher surface brightness) of an interacting pair with IC 18 3.4' NNW.
24" (9/15/12): at 322x appeared fairly faint, fairly
small, slightly elongated, 25" diameter, weak even concentration. Brighter of pair (Arp 100) with IC
18 3.4' NNW. Located nearly at the midpoint of mag
7.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 19 = J. 1-12, along with IC 18, on 31 Aug 1892. He noted "R, 20" diameter, stellar [nucl] = 14m." and measured an accurate position.
******************************
IC 20 = MCG -02-02-021 = PGC 1755
00 28 39.7 -13 00 37; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, small bright core, good surface brightness. Brighter and easier to view than IC 16, located 9' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 20 = J. 1-13 on 3 Nov 1891 and noted "pB, R". His position is fairly close, but the offset is due to a misidentification of his offset star.
******************************
IC 21 = MCG +00-02-053 = PGC 1785
00 29 10.4 -00 09 50; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (9/22/22): at 325x; extremely faint, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness, requires averted vision and not held steadily. IC 15 lies
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 21 = J. 1-14 on 7 Nov 1891 and noted "pB, pS, irr." His position is accurate.
******************************
00 29 33.2 -09 04 51; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 45°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, small brighter core, ~25"x20". A mag 11 star is 3.4' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 22 = J. 1-15 on 14 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
00 30 50.8 -12 43 13; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, ~25" diameter, very small brighter nucleus and occasional stellar tip. A mag 12.7 star is 3.5' SSE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 23 = J. 1-16 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate to within 1'.
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00 31 12.1 -00 24 26; Cet
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 39°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, overall diffuse but contains a small slightly brighter core. The weaker halo is slightly elongated SW-NE and extends ~30"x25". A mag 11.7 star is 3' N and a mag 12.4 star is a similar distance SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 25 = J. 1-17 on 27 Aug 1892. His position is accurate to within 1'.
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00 31 45.9 -13 20 16; Cet
V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5" (10/21/95): faint, very small, round, weak
concentration with a slightly brighter core. Forms a quadrilateral with three mag 14 stars, all within
2'. Located 3.5' SW of a mag 9.5
Stephane Javelle found IC 26 = J. 1-18, along with IC 27 and 28, on 4 Nov 1891. This galaxy was discovered earlier by Francis Leavenworth on 2 Oct 1886 and reported in list I-5 (later NGC 135). His rough position, though, is ~2 minutes too far west, but the identification is secure based on his sketch. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for NGC 135 around 1899 (repeated in the IC 2 notes) though Dreyer failed to equate NGC 135 and IC 26. So, IC 26 is likely an duplicate entry for NGC 135 (or vice versa). See NGC 135 for more.
******************************
00 33 06.2 -13 22 17; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 12.2 star is 2' E.
In a trio with
17.5" (12/3/88): very faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S, very low surface brightness. Located 7.9' SSE of mag 8.9 SAO 147331 and 8.6' NW of mag 8.6 SAO 147330. MCG -02-02-051 lies 13' N.
The RNGC misidentifies IC 27 as NGC 135.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 27 = J. 1-19, along with IC
28, on 4 Nov 1891 and recorded "faint, ill-defined, slightly elongated
along the diurnal movement, 20" long, brighter center." PGC and RNGC misidentify IC 27 as NGC
135, as well as secondary sources such as Megastar.
******************************
00 33 08.7 -13 27 22; Cet
V = 15.2; Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 85°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely faint, small, round,
20", diffuse, very low surface brightness. Located 6' NE of mag 8.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 28 = J. 1-20, along with IC
27, on 4 Nov. 1891. His position
is accurate. HyperLeda doesn't recognize
******************************
IC 29 = MCG +00-02-072 = CGCG 383-036 = PGC 2042
00 34 10.8 -02 10 39; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; very faint, very small, round,
15" diameter, low even surface brightness. First in a quartet with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 29 = J. 1-21, along with IC 30, 32 and 33, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 30 = MCG +00-02-074 = PGC 2050
00 34 14.7 -02 05 04; Cet
V = 15.1; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 23°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; extremely faint and small, 12" (probably the core only). The galaxy was only occasionally visible though confirmed. Second and probably faintest in a quartet of IC galaxies with IC 29 5.7' SSW.
With a redshift z between 0.79 and .082 (depending on the source), this galaxy has a light-travel time of just over 1 billion years.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 30 = J. 1-22, along with IC 29, 32 and 33, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate. This is one of the 5 most distant galaxies discovered visually in the NGC/IC.
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00 34 24.6 +12 16 06; Psc
V = 14.2; Size 1.6'x0.3'; PA = 89°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, thin edge-on ~6:1 E-W and 1' in length. Sometimes only a small brighter core was visible. A mag 10.8 star is 4' SSW and a mag 12.5 star is 3.5' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 31 = J. 2-508 on 28 Nov
1893. His position and description
("faint, elongated E-W, pale uniform surf br.") matches
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00 35 01.7 -02 08 30; Cet
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 1°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; very faint, extremely small,
round, 12" diameter. Forms a
close pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 32 = J. 1-23, along with IC 29, 30 and 33, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate to within 30".
******************************
IC 33 = MCG +00-02-082 = PGC 2101
00 35 05.2 -02 08 16; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; similar or slightly fainter than IC 32, just 0.9' W. Appeared extremely to very faint, round, 12" diameter, no structure. Last in a quartet with IC 29, 30 and 32.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 33 = J. 1-24, along with IC 29, 30 and 32, on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
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00 35 36.4 +09 07 27; Psc
V = 12.6; Size 2.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 156°
24" (9/1/16): at 200x; fairly bright, fairly large,
elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.5'x0.6', bright core. A mag 15 star is 1.4' S of center, just off the south
end. Forms a pair with
Truman Safford discovered IC 34 = Sf. 97 = Sw. 9-1 on 22 Oct 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. The discovery list was not published until 1887 and Lewis Swift found the galaxy again on 18 Sep 1889 and reported it as new in his 9th list. Both Safford's and Swift's position are good and both are credited in the IC.
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00 37 39.9 +10 21 28; Psc
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 18°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, roundish, 30" diameter, low surface brightness. Appears as a diffuse glow with no core or nucleus. Situated 1.6' SW of a mag 10.2 star. Two mag 13.7 and 15.3 stars are 2' and 3' SW, with the galaxy on a line, along with the mag 10 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 35 = J. 2-509 on 6 Jan 1894.
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00 37 49.6 -15 26 29; Cet
Size 0.4'x0.4'
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint but very small,
round, 12"-15" diameter.
Unusual appearance with a stellar nucleus surrounded by a small, fairly
low surface brightness halo. A mag
13.7 star is 50" NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 36 = J. 1-25 on 25 Aug
1892. His position is
accurate. HyperLeda doesn't
recognize
******************************
00 38 34.2 -15 21 31; Cet
V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 158°
24" (10/9/21): at 260x and 375x; very faint, small, round, very low even surface brightness glow, ~20" diameter. Required care to pick out. A mag 12.2 star is 1.6' NE. IC 37 is the fainter of a physical pair with IC 38 3.8' SSE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 37 = J. 1-26, along with IC 38, on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate within 30".
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IC 38 = MCG -03-02-030 = PGC 2311
00 38 38.8 -15 25 11; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.75'x0.55'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 65°
24" (10/9/21): at 260x; faint, small, round, low even surface brightness, 25" diameter. Can just hold with averted against a fairly bright sky background. Companion IC 37 (same redshift z = .054) lies 3.8' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 38 = J. 1-27, along with IC 37, on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate to within 30".
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00 39 08.4 -14 10 26; Cet
V = 12.6; Size 2.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 175°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 39 = J. 1-28 on 26 Aug 1892. His position matches
******************************
00 39 21.4 +02 27 22; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 14°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 0.6'x0.3', very small bright core. Located on the south side of the NGC
182 group (24' SE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 40 = J. 2-510 on 8 Jan 1894. His position is just off the northeast side of the galaxy.
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00 39 40.4 -14 10 28; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 162°
24" (9/30/16): at 282x; faint, small, slightly
elongated N-S, ~20"x15".
Located 3.7' N of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 41 = J. 1-29 on 26 Aug
1892. His position is accurate so
there is no doubt about the identification. Nevertheless MCG misidentifies
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00 41 05.8 -15 25 41; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 56°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; very faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", low even surface brightness. Two mag 14 and 15 stars are 1' S and 2' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 42 = J. 1-26 on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
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00 42 22.1 +29 38 30; And
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 117°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately
large, slightly elongated, 1' diameter, broad concentration, contains a
brighter core that gradually increases to the center. A mag 10.7 star is 3.4' SE.
17.5" (10/5/02): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.9'x0.7', broad concentration to a slightly brighter core. A faint stellar nucleus was visible with direct vision. Located 3.4' NW of a mag 10.4 star. Member of the Pisces-Perseus Supercluster.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 43 = Big. 106 on 15 Nov 1889 and noted "diffuse, with a stellar condensation, and seems slightly eccentric."
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00 42 15.8 +00 50 44; Cet
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 62°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 44 = Sw. 10-1 on 12 Nov 1890 and
reported "eF; S; R; bet 2 st." His position is ~2' north of
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00 42 36.4 +29 39 17; And
V = 15.2/15.7
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; very faint pair of mag 15/15.5 stars (less than 20" separation) situated 3' ENE of IC 43.
UGC, MCG, PGC and RC3 (and Megastar) misidentify UGC 449, situated 3.5' due north of IC 43, as IC 45. This galaxy appeared very faint, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 36"x15", low even surface brightness.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 45 = Big. 107, along with IC 43, on 15 Nov 1889. As reported by Corwin and Thompson, Bigourdan's position for IC 43 is good, but there is nothing at his estimated position for Big. 107. A decade later, he remeasured IC 43 and could not find Big. 107, but logged a possible cluster nearby. At his measured position is a mag 15/15.5 double star. UGC, MCG, PGC and RC3 (and Megastar) misidentify UGC 449, situated 3.5' due north of IC 43, as IC 45.
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00 42 58.0 +27 15 13; And
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 87°
24" (10/9/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, broad weak concentration with no distinct core, but occasional faint stellar nucleus. Decent surface brightness and quite easy. Collinear and equidistant with 2 mag 14.5 stars 1.5' NE and 3' NE. At low power (124x), a very scattered group of 8 mag 9-10 stars extends to the SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 46 = J. 2-511 on 5 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
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00 43 34.5 -08 11 11; Cet
V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 171°
18" (12/17/11): at 288x appeared moderately bright, fairly small, round, sharply concentrated with a very small, very bright 15" core surrounded by a much fainter 35" halo.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 48 = IC 1577 on 30 Nov 1888 with
the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory while sweeping for comets. He first reported in his notebook
"Picked up a smallish pB neb." He worked out an accurate postion
using the nearby offset star
As far as
Barnard believed IC 48 and
The galaxy was photographed 6 times between 1915 and 1919 at the Helwan Observatory in Egypt and reported in 1921 as displaying no variability.
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00 43 56.1 +01 51 01; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 107°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x: faint to fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W, 45"x35", slight brighter core region but overall low surface brightness. At moments it appeared a bit more elongated, perhaps 4:3 or 50"x35". A mag 14.4 star is 2.5' S.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 49 = Sw. 10-2 on 18 Sep 1890 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; eee diff. Faintest object ever seen here [at Warner Observatory]." His position is accurate. This statement surprises me as I've observed much fainter galaxies that Swift discovered in Draco.
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00 46 05.7 -09 30 11; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 168°
24" (9/30/16): at 282x; fairly faint, small, round,
18" diameter, gradually increases to a faint stellar nucleus. Situated within a triangle formed by
mag 9.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 50 = J. 1-32 on 27 Sep 1892. He noted "faint, appears as a mag 13 star surrounded by nebulosity" and measured an accurate position.
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00 46 24.2 -13 26 32; Cet
Size 1.3'x1.2'; PA = 30°
17.5" (12/11/99): at 280x, faint, fairly small, round,
0.6' diameter. A mag 15 star is
just off the SW edge [52" from center]. Located 28' E of mag 7.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 51 = J. 1-33 on 30 Aug 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "pB, S, bM, slightly mottled."
******************************
00 48 23.8 +04 05 31; Psc
V = 14.6; Size 0.95'x0.35'; PA = 95°
24" (11/30/21): at 322x; faint, elongated 2:1 E-W, 30"x15", slightly brighter core and nucleus with faint extensions. Situated within a group of stars and equidistant from two mag 10 stars 3' W and 3' N. A mag 12.5 star is 0.9' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 52 = J. 1-34 on 19 Aug 1892. His position is within 1' and the identification is secure.
******************************
00 50 40.8 +10 36 01; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 94°
24" (9/8/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small. The galaxy initially appeared elongated 4:3 or 3:2 E-W, ~30"x20" and brighter along the major axis, but then I realized there was a faint star [mag 15.7] at the western end of the galaxy that enhanced the elongation. IC 53 is located 21' W of STF 67, an excellent 9.0/9.6 pair at 2.3" that was easily resolved with plenty of black space between.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 53 = Sw. 10-3 on 25 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF pS; R; B * in field south. Others suspected." His position is about 3' too far northwest, but there are no other nearby galaxies and the description fits (a mag 8.5 star is 11' S).
******************************
00 51 42.4 +07 43 07; Psc
V = 13.7; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 175°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 or
5:2 N-S, ~30"x12", very small bright core. A mag 13.7 star is ~40" to the SE. Located 15' W of mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 55 = J. 2-512 on 10 Nov 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
00 51 29.9 -12 50 39; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.7'; PA = 9°
24" (9/23/22): at 285x and 325x; very faint low surface
brightness patch, round, very diffuse with no core, 25"-30"
diameter. Located 7.6' NE of mag
8.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 56 = J. 1-35 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
00 54 48.5 +11 50 28; Psc
V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.8'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; pretty faint, round, 20"-25" diameter, small brighter center, faint halo. A mag 15.5 star is off the SW side. IC 57 forms the eastern vertex of an equilateral triange with a mag 11.3 star 5' W and a two mag 12 stars 5' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 57 = J. 2-513 on 2 Dec 1893. His position is accurate to within 30".
******************************
00 55 02.4 -13 40 41; Cet
Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 105°
24" (9/23/22): at 325x; faint but easily visible,
elongated nearly 2:1 ~E-W, ~30"x18", very small brighter
nucleus. Bracketed by a mag 14.5
star [50" ESE] and a mag 15 star [1.2' NW].
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 58 = J. 1-36 on 23 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
00 57 14 +61 10.8; Cas
Size 10'x5'
18" (12/22/11): best view was unfiltered at 108x. Appears as a faint, large, irregular glow, roughly 8'x5'. Elongated E-W and extends to a group of a half-dozen stars at the NE end. This group of stars is also possibly involved with the haze. There is a slightly brighter patch on the south side. Located 25' N of Gamma Cas.
18" (7/15/07): this large reflection nebula just 20' N
of Gamma Cas (Navi) has a low even surface brightness and appears as a large
oval-shaped hazy region ~6'x4' and elongated ~N-S. Fainter of pair with
17.5" (11/1/86): located 20' N of Gamma Cassiopeia. This emission nebula is larger than IC 63 but has a lower surface brightness. Easy with averted vision and appears large, elongated ~N-S, with a fairly even surface brightness. IC 63 lies 20' SE.
13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, fairly large, very diffuse, visible with averted only. Forms a pair with IC 63.
Max Wolf and E.E. Barnard discovered IC 59 and 63 independently on photographs taken in 1893-94. Max Wolf announced the discovery in AN 134 [3214], 365 (1894) with the title "Ueber einige neue Nebelflecke" (Some New Nebulae). The image was probably taken towards the end of 1893, though no specific date is given. E.E. Barnard first photographed the field on 2 Feb 1894 with the exposure of 3 hrs. In an article titled "Photographic Nebulosities and star clusters connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astro-Physics, Vol XIII, No. 3, March 1894), he added "before beginning this [second] exposure [on 6 Feb 1894], I carefully examined the sky close to Gamma with the 12-inch and a power of 80, with a field of 42'. The sky was fine. It was with the utmost difficulty that I could see these two nebulae. They were excessively dilute and faint, and never would have detected if the photographic plate [his first exposure on 2 Feb] had not revealed them."
Isaac Roberts photographed the Gamma Cas area earlier on 17 Jan 1890, but his image shows no nebulosity and he failed to mention any in the field.
******************************
IC 60 = MCG -02-03-049 = PGC 3324
00 56 04.2 -13 21 28; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (9/23/22): at 285x and 325x; faint, failry small, slightly elongated, very small brighter core and nucleus, ~25"x20". IC 58 lies 24' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 60 = J. 1-37 on 30 Aug 1892. His position matches PGC 3324.
******************************
00 57 07.2 +07 30 25; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x1.0'
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; between faint and fairly
faint, small, slightly elongated, ~20" diameter, stellar nucleus. Located 4' SE of mag 9.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 61 = J. 2-514 on 10 Nov 1892. His position matches UGC 589.
******************************
00 58 43.9 +11 48 29; Psc
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 25°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly low surface brightness, elongated 4:3 or 5:4 SSW-NNE, occasional sharp stellar nucleus. The halo has an irregular surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is 2' W and a mag 15 star is 2.5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 62 = J. 2-515 on 2 Dec
1893. His position is
accurate. The MCG doesn't label
******************************
IC 63 = Ced 4b = Sh 2-185 = LBN 622 = vdB 5b
00 59 29 +60 54 40; Cas
Size 10'x3'
18" (7/15/07): unusual triangular or wedge-shaped nebula just 20' NE of Gamma Cas. At 115x appears fairly large, elongated SW-NE, ~6' diameter, with the brighter vertex at the west end. The southern edge, which extends towards the SW, is slightly brighter and more sharply defined. The interior of the wedge is slightly fainter with subtle brightness variations. The OIII and UHC filter dimmed the object. IC 63 is brighter than IC 59, which is found 20' N of Gamma.
17.5" (11/1/86): distinct fan-shaped nebulosity extending east and NE with the vertex at the west end. The southern border (extending E-W) has a sharper edge. Brighter than nearby IC 59 in the field 20' NW. Located 20' NE of Gamma Cassiopeiae.
13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, fairly large, very diffuse, fan-shaped. Forms a pair with IC 63.
Max Wolf and E.E. Barnard discovered IC 59 and 63 independently on photographs taken in 1893-94. Max Wolf announced the discovery in AN 134 [3214], 365 (1894) with the title "Ueber einige neue Nebelflecke" (Some New Nebulae). The image was probably taken towards the end of 1893, though no specific date is given. E.E. Barnard first photographed the field on 2 Feb 1894 with the exposure of 3 hrs. In an article titled "Photographic Nebulosities and star clusters connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astro-Physics, Vol XIII, No. 3, March 1894), he added "before beginning this [second] exposure [on 6 Feb 1894], I carefully examined the sky close to Gamma with the 12-inch and a power of 80, with a field of 42'. The sky was fine. It was with the utmost difficulty that I could see these two nebulae. They were excessively dilute and faint, and never would have detected if the photographic plate [his first exposure on 2 Feb] had not revealed them."
******************************
00 59 24.4 +27 03 33; Psc
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x1.0'; PA = 148°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~30"x20", low surface brightness, ill-defined
slightly brighter core region.
Member of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 64 = J. 2-516 on 5 Dec 1893. His postion matches UGC 613. The CGCG doesn't identify 480-030 as IC 64.
******************************
01 00 55.6 +47 40 55; And
V = 12.8; Size 3.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 155°
17.5" (9/1/02): fairly faint, fairly large, edge-on 4:1
NNW-SSE, 2.5'x0.6'. Contains a
slightly brighter, bulging core.
The outer tips fades into the background, so it was difficult to
estimate the full extent. A faint
star is just off the following side of the core and a pair of mag 14 stars is
off the southeast extension.
Located in a rich star field 8.5' WSW of mag 8
17.5" (11/26/94): fairly faint, moderately large, very
elongated 7:2 NNW-SSE, 3.5'x1.0', weak concentration to a brighter middle but
no nucleus. Several faint stars
are near including a mag 14 star at the northwest tip and two mag 14 stars are
situated on either side of the south-southeast end. A brighter mag 12 star is 3.5' NNW of center. Located 8.6' WSW of mag 7.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 65 = Sw. 10-4 on 25 Sep 1890 and recorded "eF; pL; vE; 2 B st. in field; one f[ollowing] the other s[outh]."
******************************
01 00 32.5 +30 47 50; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 125°
17.5" (10/5/02): faint, elongated 2:1 NW-SE,
0.6'x0.3'. Located 8' N of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 66 = Big. 108 on 12 Nov 1890 with the 12" refractor at the Paris Observatory.
******************************
IC 69 = MCG +05-03-041 = CGCG 501-066 = LGG 014-041 = PGC 3666 = PGC 1929122
01 01 23.8 +31 02 29; Psc
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5" (10/5/02): faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, 0.8'x0.6', low even surface brightness. Located 4' SW of mag 8.4
Truman Safford discovered IC 69 = Sf. 66 on 8 Nov 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and recorded "F, iF, little brighter in the middle."
******************************
01 04 53.1 +04 46 03; Psc
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 149°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x; faint, small, round, 0.3' diameter. :pcated 16' SW of 77 Psc, a bright, wide double star (STF 90 = 6.8/7.6 at 33").
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 73 = J. 1-39 on 20 Aug 1892. His position is accurate to within 30".
******************************
01 05 56.0 +04 05 25; Psc
V = 14.5; Size 0.55'x0.4'; PA = 5°
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly
faint, slightly elongated, 25"x20", very small brighter nucleus,
faint halo. Located 7.5' SSE of
mag 7.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 74 = J. 1-40 on 19 Aug 1892. His position is 1' too bar north, but the identification is certain.
******************************
01 07 11.6 +10 50 13; Psc
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 30°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, moderate surface brightness, slightly elongated ~4:3 N-S, ~30"x24", irregular surface brightness. A faint star [mag 15.4] is superimposed on the south side, ~10" from center. A mag 13 star is 1.7' S and a mag 14 star is a similar distance north.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 75 = J. 2-517 on 17 Oct 1892. His position matches IC 75. MCG doesn't label MCG +02-03-035 as IC 75.
******************************
01 08 11.7 -04 33 16; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.35'; PA = 115°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, surprisingly easy with a fairly good surface brightness to the central region. Initially it seemed only slightly elongated. But with averted vision, there was a much lower surface elongated halo WNW-SSE, ~35"x15", that was slightly misaligned with the core. A mag 13.3 star is 1.8' WNW and a mag 10.4 star is 6' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 76 = J. 2-518 on 14 Dec 1892 and noted "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter middle. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 08 43.7 -15 25 15; Cet
Size 0.5'x0.5'
18" (11/22/03): extremely faint and small, round,
10" diameter. Only visible
intermittently. Located just 2' SW
of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 77 = J. 1-41, along with IC
80 on 31 Aug 1892. Harold Corwin
notes that Javelle's positions are unambiguous although MCG misidentified IC 80
(the double galaxy
******************************
01 08 47.6 -15 50 34; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 124°
18" (11/22/03): faint, moderately large, fairly low
surface brightness with weak concentration. Initially just a 40" core was noticed but with extended
viewing larger extensions increased the total size to ~1.2'x0.6'. Possible member of AGC 151 or in a
foreground group with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 78 = J. 1-42, along with IC 79 and 82, on 30 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 79 = MCG -03-04-011 = PGC 4082
01 08 49.7 -15 56 55; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3
18" (11/22/03): faint, small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", a mag 14 star is just off the NNE edge, 30" from center. Located between IC 78 6.4' N and IC 82 5' SE in AGC 151 (or possibly a foreground cluster).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 79 = J. 1-43, along with IC 78 and 82, on 30 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 80 = MCG -03-04-008 = MCG -03-04-009 = SCG 8 = PGC 4072 =
01 08 51.1 -15 24 23; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 45°
18" (11/22/03): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 40"x25", low even surface brightness. This is a double system [nuclei separated by 11"] which was not resolved. IC 80 itself forms a close pair with IC 77 2' SW in AGC 151.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 80 = J. 1-44, along with IC
77, on 31 Aug 1892. Although
Javelle's positions are unambiguous MCG misidentifies IC 80 as IC 77 and SIMBAD
misidentifies
******************************
01 09 22.3 -01 41 45; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 135°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, sharp stellar nucleus, surround by a small 15" halo that was better seen with averted vision. A mag 13.2 is close southeast [0.8' from center].
Forms a pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 81 = Sw. 7-2 on 18 Oct 1887 and reported
"eF;, S; lE; * close nf."
His position is 2.8' WNW of
******************************
IC 82 = MCG -03-04-013 = PGC 4103
01 09 05.8 -16 00 01; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 111°
18" (11/22/03): very faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter, low surface brightness. Third in the 257x field close south of the core of AGC 151 with IC 79 5' NW and IC 78 10' NW. Located 6' NW of a mag 10.4 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 82 = J. 1-45, along with IC 78 and 79, on 30 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 10 29.8 +01 41 22; Cet
V = 14.6; Size 0.65'x0.4'; PA = 114°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; faint, fairly low surface
brightness, slightly elongated WNW-ENE, ~25"x20", very weak
concentration. A 20" pair of
mag 14.2/14.6 stars is just off the NE side and nearly collinear with the
galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 83 = J.1-46, along with IC 84, on 5 Nov 1891. His position is 1.3' too far northwest (similar offset error as IC 84), but the identification is certain.
******************************
IC 84 = MCG +00-04-029 = CGCG 385-021 = PGC 4265
01 11 25.6 +01 38 25; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 11°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; at 375x; fairly faint, small roundish core with gradual weak concentration to the center. The halo is faint, very diffuse, elongated N-S, ~30"x20". A mag 12.6 star is 3' SE. IC 83 lies 14' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 84 = J.1-47, along with IC 83, on 5 Nov 1891. His position is 1.2' too far northwest (similar offset error as IC 83) and both identifications are certain. The redshift of IC 84 is less than 1/2 that of IC 83, so the galaxies are unrelated.
******************************
01 13 28.5 -16 14 30; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 142°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"-24" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 86 = J. 1-48 on 2 Sep 1892. His position matches PGC 165316, although both LEDA and SIMBAD fail to identify this galaxy as IC 86.
******************************
01 14 15.8 +00 45 55; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (9/23/22): at 285x; very faint, round, low even
surface brightness, just a dim patch of 20"-25" diameter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 87 = J. 2-519, along with IC 88, on 12 Dec 1893. Both of his positions are offset about 30" to the northwest, so the identifications are certain.
******************************
01 14 31.3 +00 47 30; Cet
V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 128°
24" (9/23/22): at 285x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15", very low uniform surface brightness. Located 2' W of a mag 11.2 star and 4' NE of IC 87.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 88 = J. 2-520, along with IC 87, on 12 Dec 1893. Both of his positions are offset about 30" to the northwest, so the identifications are certain but MCG misidentified +00-04-049 as IC 88. The correct galaxy is not in the MCG. As a result, IC 88 is also misidentified in PGC and HyperLeda (as well as Megastar).
******************************
01 16 03.6 +04 17 38; Psc
V = 12.4; Size 2.0'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5" (12/23/92): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
4:3 NW-SE, prominent sharp bright core with a nearly stellar nucleus. This galaxy is identified as IC 89 in
UGC, CGCG and RC3.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 89 = J. 1-49 on 20 Aug
1892. His position matches CGCG
411-016 = PGC 4578. This galaxy is
possibly identical to NGC 446, discovered by Marth on 23 Oct 1864. Marth's position is 1.0 minute of RA
west of IC 89. UGC, CGCG, MCG and
RC3 use IC 89 as the primary designation for this galaxy. Karl Reinmuth also makes the
equivalence NGC 446 = IC 89 and gives the IC position. UGC, CGCG (411-010) and RNGC identify
******************************
01 16 30.3 -07 58 37; Cet
V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x1.1'
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; relatively bright and well defined. round, ~40" diameter, good surface brightness, occasional very small bright nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is 2' E. Located 0.5° E of 37 Cet = 5.2/7.9 pair at 49".
N. M. Parrish discovered IC 90 on 2 Jan 1889 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He noted "small bright middle nucleus." and the size estimated at 12". Ormond Stone, who authored the paper, was credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
01 18 39.4 +02 33 13; Cet
V = 15.2; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 63°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, 15"-20", diffuse, low even surface brightness except for perhaps a small brightening at the center. A small triangle of stars is 3' to 4' NW. IC 91 is located 6' E of mag 7.6 HD 7855.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 91 = J. 2-521 on 8 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 19 48.4 +32 46 04; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 0°
17.5" (12/23/89): extremely faint, small. A mag 15 star is 1' NW. Located 10' WNW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 92 = Big. 115 on 2 Nov
1885 with the 12" refractor at Paris. His position is a fairly close match with
In March 2015, Harold Corwin checked Herschel's observing logs (in response to an inquiry from Courtney Seligman about the identity) and found that Herschel made an error in reducing the position of NGC 468 by 37 seconds (recording the wrong wire). Once corrected, his position for h98 = NGC 468 is a close match with NGC 472 = UGC 870, a significantly brighter galaxy than IC 92. So, IC 92 should be the single identity for this galaxy. See NGC 468 for more.
******************************
01 19 02.3 -17 03 37; Cet
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 170°
18" (11/13/07): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
at least 3:1 NNW-SSE, 0.7'x0.2', broad weak concentration. The tips taper, though there is a
strong impression of irregularities at the tips. Forms a pair with much fainter
18" (12/18/06): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2
NNW-SSE, 0.75'x0.3', weak concentration, slightly asymmetric appearance at the
ends. IC 1667 lies 4.8' W. Located 11' W of mag 8.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 93 = Sw. 9-2 on 28 Sep 1889 and
recorded "vF; pS; lE; 8 mag * f 46 seconds and 1' north." His position and description
matches
******************************
01 19 17.9 -12 34 27; Cet
Size 0.55'x0.5'
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, very low surface brightness. Viewed well west of the meridian at a low altitude.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 95 = J. 1-50, along with IC
98, on 3 Nov 1891. His position
matches
******************************
01 20 33.2 +29 37 01; Psc
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.3'; PA = 43°
24" (10/1/16): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
2:1 SW-NE, ~30"x15", low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with
Truman Safford discovered IC 96 = Sf. 69 on 1 Dec 1866 and
recorded "pB, pS, very much brighter middle to a nucleus =
12-13m". His position is 4.6'
NW of
******************************
01 20 02.0 +14 51 40; Psc
V = 15.0; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 97 = Big. 3-117 on 12 Oct 1888 while searching for NGC 475, which he misidentified as a star. His position matches NGC 475, which was discovered by Marth on 3 Nov 1864. The NGC position (supposedly an improved micrometric position from C.H.F. Peters) is 0.3 minutes of RA too far east, so Dreyer mistakenly assumed Big. 117 was a new object and catalogued it again as IC 97. So, IC 97 = NGC 475, with discovery credit to Marth.
******************************
01 20 54.9 -12 36 17; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, diffuse, very low even surface brightness. IC 95 is 24' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 98 = J. 1-51, along with IC 95, on 3 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 22 27.4 -12 57 09; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, occasionally seems slightly elongated. An extremely faint mag 15.7 star is just off the south edge. Viewed well west of the meridian at fairly low altitude.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 99 = J. 1-52 on 2 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 22 54.0 -04 38 35; Cet
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.75'; PA = 88°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; nearly moderately bright, oval
elongated 4:3 E-W, 0.8'x0.6', good surface brightness, gradually increases to a
very small bright core. Located
12' SE of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 100 = J. 2-522 on 14 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 24 08.6 +09 55 50; Psc
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 127°
18" (12/3/05): faint hazy spot, irregularly round,
~20"-25" diameter. A mag
14.5 star lies 1' S. Pair with
fainter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 101 = J. 2-523, along with IC 102 and 114, and recorded "vF, E, about 1' long, no central condensation." It was found again on a Crossley reflector plate taken by Keeler in 1898-1900 and catalogued as a new nebula (#28) in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII.
******************************
IC 102 = UGC 954 = CGCG 436-040 = PGC 5172
01 24 26.3 +09 53 12; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 111°
18" (12/3/05): extremely faint, very small, 15" diameter, no details. Marginal object that was just glimpsed as drifted through the field. Located 8' SW of NGC 522 in the NGC 524 group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 102 = J. 2-524, along with IC 101 and 114, and recorded "eF, S, poorly defined, no central condensation." It was found again on a Crossley reflector plate taken by Keeler in 1898-1900 and catalogued as a new nebula (#29) in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII.
******************************
01 24 36.4 +02 02 39; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 127°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint, very small, slightly
elongated NW-SE, 25"x20", quasi-stellar nucleus. First in a triplet (WBL 043) with IC
105 3' NE and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 103 = J. 1-53, along with IC 105 and 109, on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded "faint, round, 10" diameter." His positions are all offset ~1' to the northwest, but the identifications are certain.
******************************
01 24 46.2 +02 04 31; Cet
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.25'; PA = 47°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; very faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25"x20". A mag 12.8 star is 2.2' N and a mag 14.5 star is 1.3' SE. In a trio (WBL 043) with IC 103 3' SW and IC 109 7' ESE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 105 = J. 1-54, along with IC 103 and 109, on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded "faint, round, 5" diameter, small central condensation." His positions are all offset ~1' to the northwest, but the identifications are certain.
******************************
01 24 41.7 -01 35 14; Cet
V = 13.1; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 134°
17.5" (9/19/87): fairly faint, fairly small, oval
NW-SE, weak concentration. A mag
13 star is at the SE end 0.9' from center. Forms a pair with
13.1" (9/22/84): moderately bright, edge-on NW-SE, bright core. A mag 12 star is off the SE end.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 106 = Big. 3-119 on 16 Nov
1887. This galaxy was discovered a
year earlier by Lewis Swift and reported in his sixth list (Sw. 6-9 = NGC
530). Swift's RA is 15 seconds too
large, so Bigourdan and Dreyer missed the equivalence IC 106 = NGC 530 until
the field was examined again in 1897 by Herbert Howe. MCG identifies this galaxy as IC 106 only (
******************************
01 25 24.7 +14 51 53; Psc
V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 6°
24" (12/1/13): moderately to fairly bright, small,
round, 20", high surface brightness.
Gradually increases towards the center, then a sharp stellar
nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is at the
southwest edge. Brightest in a small
trio with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 107 = Sw. 10-5 on 18 Sep 1890 and
recorded "vF; vS; R; * close preceding." His position is 19 seconds of RA west of
Stephane Javelle independently found PGC 5271 again on 18
Jan 1896 (along with IC 1698, IC 1704 and
******************************
01 24 39.0 -12 38 08; Cet
Size 0.9'x0.25'; PA = 4°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint but not difficult,
elongated nearly 3:1 N-S, 0.6'x0.2'.
Situated 4.5' SE of mag 9.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 108 = J. 1-55 on 3 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 109 = UGC 980 = MCG +00-04-128 = CGCG 385-117 = WBL 043-003 = PGC 5251
01 25 13.0 +02 04 01; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 90°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated, low surface brightness, 25" diameter, very weak concentration. A mag 14.7 star is 1.6' W and a mag 15.4 star is off the west side [0.6' from center]. Third in a trio with IC 105 6.7' WNW and IC 103 9' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 109 = J. 1-56, along with IC 103 and 105, on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded "pretty bright, round, 10" diameter." His positions are all offset ~1' to the northwest, but the identifications are certain.
******************************
01 26 03.0 +11 26 35; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 128°
24" (9/22/22): at 325x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, nearly even surface brightness, 30"x20". Two mag 14/14.5 stars oriented NW-SE are off the NE side. Several mag 11-12 stars are in an elongated group to the north.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 112 = J. 2-525 on 4 Dec 1893. His position matches UGC 1008 to within 30" and the identification is certain.
******************************
01 26 25.5 +19 11 31; Psc
Size 0.35'x0.35'
24" (10/1/16): at 375x; very faint to faint, small,
round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness. Situated 2.7' NE of mag 5.4 Rho Psc and 5' SW of mag 5.5 94
Psc! These stars are very bright
and very distracting if within the field!
It was easy to place 94 Psc outside the edge of the field and with a
little care Rho Psc could also be moved just outside the edge of the 10mm Zeiss
Abbe Ortho.
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 113, along with IC 115, on 26 Jul 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "vF, 3' nf of * 5m [Rho Psc]" and measured an accurate positon based on the bright star.
******************************
01 26 22.6 +09 54 36; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 150°
18" (12/3/05): extremely faint, small, appears as a low surface brightness spot ~25" diameter, appears elongated but too faint for details. A mag 13 star lies 1.8' W. Located 30' NE of NGC 524 in a large group of galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 114 = J. 2-526, along with IC 101 and 102, and recorded "eF, vS, R, 20" diameter."
******************************
IC 115 = MCG +03-04-039 = CGCG 459-054 = PGC 5395
01 26 54.4 +19 12 53; Psc
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (10/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, fairly even surface brightness. Located 3.4' SE of mag 5.5 94 Piscium and 9.6' NE of mag 5.4 Rho Piscium. IC 115 is the brightest cluster member of AGC 195.
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 115, along with IC 113, on 26 Jul 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory while examining whether the nearby bright stars were double. He noted "vF, * 6m [94 Psc] 3.5' npp" and measured an accurate offset with respect to the star.
******************************
01 26 50.6 -04 58 57; Cet
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 127°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; uneven surface brightness and perhaps brighter along part of the western edge. A mag 12 star is 1.6' E and a mag 13 star is 1.6' NNW. IC 118 lies 11' ESE.
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, easily visible
with direct vision, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, edge of halo ill-defined (like a
face-on spiral), gradual fairly weak concentration with a slightly brighter
core and an occasional faint stellar nucleus. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 12 star
1.5' E and a mag 13 star 1.5' NW.
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.6', weak concentration, no distinct core.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 116 = J. 1-57, along with IC
118, on 14 Dec 1892. His position
matches
******************************
01 27 25.4 -01 54 47; Cet
V = 13.0; Size 1.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 178°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 117 = J. 1-58 on 6 Nov 1891. There is nothing at his position but
Harold Corwin discovered that Javelle misidentified his offset star. Once corrected, Javelle's offsets point
directly to
******************************
IC 118 = MCG -01-04-053 = PGC 5446
01 27 36.0 -04 59 51; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, very low surface brightness, difficult but confirmed with a few very good pops. Brighter IC 116 is 11' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 118 = J. 2-527, along with IC
116, on 14 Dec 1892. His position
matches
******************************
01 27 55.0 -02 02 26; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x0.5'; PA = 77°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint, fairly small, very
elongated 3:1 E-W, low even surface brightness, 0.6'x0.2'. The view is significantly compromised
by mag 7.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 119 = J. 1-59 on 6 Nov 1891
and recorded "faint, elongated E-W, without condensation." His position matches
******************************
IC 120 = CGCG 385-152 = WBL 047-004 = PGC 5484
01 28 13.0 -01 54 56; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 138°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 30"x12. Located 6.6' ESE of NGC 564 and 7.7' NNE of mag 7.0 HD 8943.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 120 = J. 1-60 on 4 Nov 1875 during an observation of NGC 560 and 564. His approximate position was 1.5' to the NE, matching the offsets of the two NGCs. For some reason he never measured an accurate position or published the discovery. Stephane Javelle discovered it again on 3 Dec 1891 (first list, #60) and recorded "faint, small, diffuse, appears as a whitish spot, without condensation.
******************************
01 28 21.8 +02 30 47; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 108°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 3:2 or 5:3 E-W, 0.6'x0.4', slightly brighter elongated core. The galaxy forms the western vertex
with a near equilateral triangle with a 22" pair of mag 14.5 stars 3' ENE
and a slightly wider pair 3' SE.
Mag 10
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 121 = J. 2-528, along with IC 123, on 6 Jan 1894. Both positions are offset ~1.3' too far NNW, but there is no doubt on the identifications.
******************************
IC 123 = MCG +00-04-161 = CGCG 385-157 = Ark 49 = UM 105 =
01 28 51.5 +02 26 47; Cet
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 43°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, compact appearance, 0.4'x0.3', fairly even surface brightness. Situated just 2.5' SSE of mag 10 HD 9011 and the star slightly affects the view. IC 121 lies 8.5' NW. The pair lies at a similar redshift.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 123 = J. 2-529, along with IC 121, on 6 Jan 1894. Both positions are offset ~1.3' too far NNW, but there is no double on the identifications.
******************************
01 29 47.9 -01 59 01; Cet
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.8
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter (core only). Just visible continuously with averted. Located less than 1' N of a mag 12.6 star and 13' W of NGC 577, in the eastern outskirts of AGC 194.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 126 = J. 1-64 on 6 Jan
1891. His position matches UGC
1071, situated 13' W of
******************************
01 29 47.6 -06 58 48; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.7'x0.4'; PA = 110°
24" (10/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large,
very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.3', slightly brighter core. The view is somewhat hampered by a mag
12.5 star that is superimposed on the south edge of the southeast extension. The galaxy extends mostly NW of this
star. Situated 4.3' WNW of a mag
9.7 star and 24' WSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 127 = J. 2-530 on 14 Dec 1892. He noted "faint, pretty small, diffuse, very close to a mag 11.5 star" and measured an accurate position.
******************************
01 31 23.9 -12 37 28; Cet
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 165°
24" (10/1/16): at 375x; very faint, small, round,
15" diameter. IC 128 is the
fainter of a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 128 = J. I-65, along with IC 129, on 3 Jan 1891. He noted "faint, round, with stellar nucleus" and measured an accurate position. The MCG incorrectly equates -02-04-062 with IC 128, instead of -02-04-063.
******************************
IC 129 = MCG -02-05-001 = PGC 5675
01 31 31.2 -12 39 16; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.7'; PA = 78°
24" (10/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 WSW-ENE, 24"x16" (central region), contains a small bright nucleus that gradually increases to the center. Forms a physical pair with IC 128 2.6' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 121 = J. 2-528, along with IC 123 = J. 2-529, on 6 Jan 1894. Both positions are offset about 1.2' too far NNW, but the identifications are certain.
******************************
01 31 28.7 -15 35 30; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, diffuse, 20"-25" diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter core. Forms the southern vertex of a flat triangle with a mag 13.3 star 3.5' NNE and a mag 12.2 star 5.7' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 130 = J. 1-67 on 2 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 33 14.6 +30 44 56; Tri
18" (12/8/07): faint, quasi-stellar knot to the
southeast of a N-S pair of stars (this pair is also collinear with
17.5" (10/25/97): very faint, very small, round,
10" diameter. This HII region
is located 10' WNW of the center of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 131 = Big. 122, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889.
******************************
01 33 15.8 +30 56 45; Tri
Size 0.8'x0.6'
18" (12/8/07): this faint HII complex in M33 appears as
a 20"-25" knot, situated just 1' N of a 10" pair of mag 13 stars
and 1.5' W of mag 9.3
17.5" (10/25/97): faint but easily visible HII knot of 20" diameter. Located 1' N of a pair of mag 13 stars at 10" separation and 1.6' W of a mag 9 star. Forms the northern member of a pair of HII regions with IC 133 3.4' S.
13.1" (8/5/83): very faint knot.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 132 = Big. 123, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889.
******************************
01 33 15.8 +30 53 05; Tri
V = 14.3
18" (12/8/07): this star cloud/HII complex appeared as a faint, fairly large diffuse patch, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.4'. Located 15' NW of the center of M33 and 4' SSW of mag 9.3 HD 9444. IC 132 lies 3.5' N.
17.5" (10/25/97): faint, diffuse, hazy HII region of 35" diameter at the NW end of M33 15' NW of the center. Forms a "pair" with IC 132 3.4' N. This object is larger than IC 132 at times with averted vision but has a lower surface brightness.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 133 = Big. 124, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. Harold Corwin notes that Bigourdan's position is "toward the southern end where there appears to be a fairly compact HII region."
******************************
01 34 15.8 +30 37 11; Tri
18" (12/8/07): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated N-S, ~1.0'x0.5'. Located off the ESE side of the core of M33 on the opposite side of the core from NGC 595.
17.5" (7/5/86 and 10/25/97): fairly faint, fairly
small, 1' diameter. This HII
region is located 6' ESE of the center of M33 and is symmetrically placed on
the opposite side of M33 from
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 135 = Big. 126, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. Harold Corwin notes that Bigourdan made an error with the "estimated offset from M33's nucleus of his comparison star". It also appears that his offsets were applied with the wrong signs as the relative positions of these objects are reversed in RA as well as declination! As a result, the IC positions for IC 135, 136, 139, and 140 are incorrect and out of RA order. But if the relative differences in RA and NPD are reversed and applied to IC 135 at the position given here, then they land on the correct positions for IC 136, 139 and 140.
******************************
01 34 17 +30 34 00; Tri
Size 0.6'
18" (12/8/07): faint, fairly large, very low surface brightness
patch, ~1.5' diameter, located 3.5' S of IC 135. Appears roughly circular, though the outline is ill
defined. This object is not as
prominent as nearby
17.5" (10/25/97): very faint, ill-defined hazy region in M33 between IC 135 3.5' N and a mag 11.5 star 2.5' SSE (just west of the line connecting these objects). Appears as a slightly locally brighter region of 30" diameter and not as noticeable as the other IC HII regions - would have passed over if casually sweeping galaxy. This star association may have a smaller HII component.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 136 = Big. 127, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. See IC 135.
******************************
01 33 39.1 +30 31 20; Tri
18" (12/8/07): very large brightening in the outer spiral arm, ~9' to the SSW of the center of M33, ~2.5'x2.0'. M33-A14 lies NW.
17.5" (7/5/86): very faint HII knot or star association in M33 located along the main southern spiral arm 10' SSW of center of M33.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 137 = Big. 128, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. His micrometric position falls within M33-A12; IC 137 is the southwestern part of the association.
******************************
01 33 02.0 -00 41 23; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 27°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; moderately faint, oval 4:3 ~N-S, ~40"x30", fairly low surface brightness halo. A faint star (mag 15.5+) is at the E edge. A mag 10.6 star is 8' SE.
Aaron Skinner, an assistant to Truman Safford, discovered IC
138 = Sf. 95 on 27 Sep 1867. His
position is 2' WNW of
******************************
01 33 59.2 +30 34 03; Tri
18" (12/8/07): fairly small, ~45"x30, extended
N-S, moderately bright HII knot/cluster forming a 1' pair with
17.5" (7/5/86 and 10/25/97): fairly prominent elongated HII region and star association just following a mag 13 star 5.4' SSE of the center of M33. Extended ~N-S, perhaps 2.0'x0.5' and consists of two brighter knots at both ends (the size appears too large). Similar view on 7/5/86.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 139 = Big. 129, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. See IC 135.
******************************
01 33 58.1 +30 33 02; Tri
18" (12/8/07): this moderately bright knot (cluster) in M33 is ~35" in diameter, roundish and located just 1' S of IC 139.
17.5" (7/5/86 and 10/25/97): located SSW of IC 139 in M33 and visible as an easy knot, ~1' in diameter with ill-defined edges. There is a second knot close west which is slightly fainter.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 140 = Big. 130, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. See IC 135.
******************************
01 32 51.7 -14 48 53; Cet
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; unusual appearance with a very small and bright core that is offset to the west side - the halo is larger and extends further on the east side). A mag 14.5 star is 2' E and a mag 15.5 star is less than 1' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 141 = J. 1-68 on 5 Dec 1891
and recorded "pretty bright, round, with eccentrically placed
core." His position matches
******************************
01 33 55.6 +30 45 26; Tri
Size 0.5'
24" (12/28/13):
18" (12/10/07): fairly bright, small, contains a bright core and faint extensions SW-NE, ~25"x13". Forms the south vertex of an equilateral triangle with two mag 11 stars 3' WNW and 3' N.
17.5" (10/25/97): fairly faint, very small, round. Stands out nicely 6' N of the center of
M33. Either contains a stellar
spot near the center or a faint star is superimposed. This "stellar spot" is likely B324, the brightest
individual star in M33 excluding Luminous Blue Variables. B324 is an A-type supergiant with a V
magnitude of 15.2. IC 142 is the first of three HII regions in the spiral arm
containing IC 142,
13.1" (8/16/82): faint knot in arm leading to NGC 604.
Bindon Blood Stoney or his brother George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistants, discovered NGC 595 on 2 Feb 1851 (or perhaps on the 13 Sep 1850 observation, "full of knots"). An offset was measured from a star superimposed just north of the core of M33. The nebula was labeled as "2" on the diagram in the 1861 publication. No coordinates were ever measured at Birr Castle.
Guillaume Bigourdan independently discovered IC 139 = B. 131, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889. Bigourdan was credited with the discovery in the IC as Dreyer had no way of confirmng Stoney's #2 was the same object.
******************************
01 34 11.2 +30 46 38; Tri
18" (12/10/07): very faint, small, hazy patch, ~25"x20", situated close west of a mag 13.5 star and 4.5' due west of NGC 604. Immediately noticed at 225x, though diffuse with an ill-defined outline. Forms a pair with M33-A71 just 1.5' NW. A71 appeared very faint, small, low surface brightness patch, ~20" diameter. It is perhaps slightly fainter than nearby IC 143 (= A75), but with averted vision A71 has a better defined border. IC 143 is primarily a star cloud (no HII emission), while A71 is an HII region.
17.5" (10/25/97): appears as a very faint, hazy patch close WNW of a mag 13.5 star. This HII region (M31-A75) is located 5' W of NGC 604 and 8' NNE of the center of M33. M33-A71 is another very faint, 20" knot just 1.3' NW that appeared slightly brighter than IC 143. This is the second of three HII regions along with IC 142 3.5' WSW and NGC 604 5' E in the spiral arm attached at the west side of M33 and winding towards the NE.
13.1" (8/16/82): very faint, small knot in arm leading to NGC 604.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 143 = Big. 132, along with numerous other HII regions and star clouds in M33, on 28 Oct 1889.
******************************
01 38 38.4 +00 44 29; Cet
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 6°
24" (11/15/22): at 225x, 260x and 327x; faint, fairly
small, round, 0.4' diameter, nearly even surface brightness. A mag 12.5 star is
2' WNW. Located 14' NW of mag 7.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 145 = J. 2-531 on 12 Dec 1893. His position matches CGCG 386-022.
******************************
01 38 39.8 -17 49 53; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 114°
17.5" (12/4/93): faint, slightly elongated, 0.8'x0.6', weak concentration. A bright uneven double star h2067 = 7.6/11.6 at 34" lies 10' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 146 = J. 1-70 on 30 Sep
1892. His position matches ESO
543-006 = PGC 6083. This galaxy
was probably discovered earlier by Leavenworth at the Leander McCormick
Observatory in 1886. Leavenworth's
rough position for J. 1-70 (later IC 146) is 1.6 min of RA east of this galaxy,
a typical error. Because of the
poor position, Bigourdan was unable to recover the galaxy and Javelle assume
his observation was new. Herbert
Howe reobserved and measured an accurate position for
******************************
01 39 59.8 -14 51 46; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 69°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, diffuse, 25" diameter, slightly brighter core. Situated 12' WNW of orange mag 7.8 HD 10341. The field is lacking in stars, though a mag 14.5 star is 4' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 147 = J. 2-532 on 7 Dec 1893
and recorded "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, without
concentration, a very faint star is nearby." The "faint star" may be
******************************
01 42 27.0 +13 58 37; Psc
V = 12.9; Size 3.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 45°
17.5" (12/18/89): faint, moderately large, oval SW-NE,
low even surface brightness.
Located 22' NNW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 148 = Sw. 10-6 on 30 Sep 1890 and
recorded "eeeF; pS; v diff.; np of [NGC] 660. There is nothing at his postion -- nearly 10' due west of
NGC 660. However, exactly 20'
north is
******************************
01 42 25.4 -16 18 01; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 81°
24" (9/23/17): at 124x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 2:1 E-W, 40"x20", weak concentration. Situated just west of the line
connecting a mag 11.8 star 1.2' NE and a mag 12.6 star 1.8' SSE. Located 26' E of mag 8.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 149 = J. 2-533 on 7 Dec 1893
and recorded "faint, elongated E-W, about 40" long, slightly brighter
middle." His position and
description matches
******************************
01 42 57.5 +04 12 01; Psc
V = 14.8; Size 0.9x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 143°
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, elongated
nearly 2:1 NW-SE, 0.5'x0.3', low surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 1.4' SW. IC 150 is located 12' WSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 150 = J. 2-534 on 5 Dec 1893. His position is 1' SW of UGC 1202, but the identification is secure.
******************************
01 49 00.1 +13 12 40; Ari
V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 95°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly
small, slightly elongated, very small bright core. Located 10' NNW of
17.5" (12/18/89): fairly faint, very small, round, compact, very small bright core, fairly high surface brightness. Picked up 10' NNW of NGC 677 near edge of field.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 151= Sw. 10-7, along with
But in 2017, Harold Corwin found that if Swift made a 5
minute error in his RA position, then IC 151 = UGC 1271 and IC 152 = NGC
677. The declinations match within
an arcminute, so these identification appear likely. Just earlier I had suggested identifications for
******************************
IC 152 = NGC 677 = UGC 1275 = MCG +02-05-042 = CGCG 437-039 = PGC 6673
01 49 14.0 +13 03 19; Ari
V = 12.2; Size 2.0'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.7
See observing notes for NGC 677
Lewis Swift discovered IC 152 = Sw. 10-8, along with IC 151,
on 11 Aug 1890 and recorded "eF, S, R, vF * close, sf of 2 [with IC
151]." There is no pair of
galaxies in the area matching his relative separations. CGCG identifies
After I suggested to Harold Corwin the possible identities IC 153 = UGC 1260 and IC 157 = UGC 1274 (with ~4 minute errors in RA), also Swift discoveries, he found that a 5 minute error in the position of IC 152 would match with NGC 677. The "vF * close" might refer to the 14th magnitude star less than 1' NW of center or even NGC 675. This identification is not certain, but certainly reasonable particularly given the other matches.
******************************
IC 153 = UGC 1260 = Mrk 575 = CGCG 437-031 = PGC 6633
01 48 33.1 +12 36 50; Ari
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 30" diameter. Weak
concentration but appears to have a brighter bar through the center oriented
SW-NE [later confirmed on the DSS].
A mag 10.8 star is 2.5' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 153 = Sw. 10-9, along with IC 157,
on 25 Sep 1890 and reported "eF, pS, R, sp of 2 [with IC 157]." There is nothing at his position and
Corwin concludes this object is nonexistent. The nearest galaxy he might have picked up is
In 2017, I noticed that exactly 4 minutes of RA east of
Swift's position is
Following my suggestion, Corwin found that IC 151 and IC
152, found by Swift on 11 Aug 1890, might have similar RA errors of 5 minutes,
matching
******************************
01 45 16.4 +10 38 57; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 1.4'x0.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 66°
17.5" (12/18/89): very faint, fairly small, appears as
a very thin sliver WSW-ENE. A mag
13.5 star is at the preceding end 40" WSW of center. Member of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 154 = J. 2-535, along with IC 156, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "F, vS, little brighter middle, * 11.5 sp."
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IC 156 = UGC 1231 = MCG +02-05-025 = PGC 6448
01 45 29.3 +10 33 09; Psc
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.9
17.5" (12/18/89): fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated NW-SE. A mag 14 star is
0.9' N. Located 2.5' W of mag 8.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 156 = J. 2-536, along with IC 154, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "pB, R, 30" diameter, much brighter middle to a nucleus = * 12 mag."
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IC 157 = UGC 1274 = MCG +02-05-043 = CGCG 437-038 = PGC 6670
01 49 11.6 +12 51 12; Ari
V = 14.0; Size 1.5'x0.4'; PA = 108°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, moderately surface brightness, elongated 5:2 ~E-W, ~40"x16", small brighter core. UGC 1260 (likely IC 153) lies 16' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 157 = Sw. 10-10, along with IC 153, on 25 Sep 1890. There are no nearby galaxies he might have picked up and both Corwin and Thomson concluded these numbers were lost. Looking at the general region, I noticed that if Swift made a 4 minute error in RA, it's possible that IC 153 = UGC 1260 and IC 157 = UGC 1274, though in the latter case the offset in RA is close to 3.5 minutes in RA. Corwin agrees this is a reasonable hypothesis, and 5 minutes errors in RA also accounts for IC 151 = UGC 1271 and IC 152 = NGC 677, found by Swift a month earlier.
******************************
01 45 53.5 -06 56 08; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 140°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, very small or stellar nucleus. A mag 15.5 star is less than 1' SSW. Located 20' SE of mag 6.5 HD 10725 = BU 6 (6.6/8.9 at 2.2").
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 158 = J. 2-537 on 14 Dec 1892. His position matches LEDA 144318, although HyperLeda doesn't recognize this galaxy as IC 158.
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01 46 25.1 -08 38 12; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.7'; PA = 27°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, relatively large, oval ~3:2 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.6', broad concentration, slightly brighter core. Within a group of stars including two mag 14 stars 2' and 3' NNW. A mag 10.7 star is 5' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 159 = J. 2-538 on 17 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
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01 46 29.6 -13 14 52; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.8'; PA = 85°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; relatively bright for an IC discovery by Javelle, well concentrated with a small bright core, elongated E-W, 35"-40" along the major axis.
Member of a small group (USGC S065) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 160 = J. 1-71 on 2 Jan
1892. His position is at the
southeast edge of
******************************
01 48 43.7 +10 30 28; Psc
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 65°
24" (12/28/13): at 375x appeared moderately bright,
fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~E-W, 0.4'x0.25', well concentrated with a very
bright core than increases to a stellar nucleus. An extremely faint companion off the SE side (together
forming
Lewis Swift discovered IC 161 = Sw. 9-3 = Sw. 10-11 on 3 Oct 1889 and recorded, "eeF; S; cE, between 2 distant stars in meridian." He returned to the field on 8 Jan 1891 and recorded IC 161 again (list 10, #11). It's uncertain whether his first observation in 1889 refers to the southwest (IC 161) or northeast (IC 162) member of this pair. Furthermore, his reported declination in 1891 is 10' too far south, which was repeated in the IC..
UGC, CGCG and MCG all misidentify IC 161 (= UGC 1266) as IC 162 and don't assign an IC designation to IC 162 = UGC 1267. See Corwin's notes on IC 161 and 162 as well as Malcolm's Thomson's IC Corrections.
******************************
IC 162 = Arp 228 = VV 53a = UGC 1267 = MCG +02-05-038 = CGCG 437-034 = LGG 031-009 = PGC 6643
01 48 53.4 +10 31 17; Psc
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (12/28/13): at 375x appeared moderately bright,
fairly small, round, 30" diameter, fairly well concentrated with a small
bright core. The halo increases in
size to at least 0.8' with averted vision. In a small group with
Arp placed IC 162 in his category of "concentric
rings". V-V classified this
galaxy as an interacting pair (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 162 = Sw. 10-12 = Sw. 9-3? in January 1891 or perhaps earlier on 3 Oct 1889 (list 9, #3). The interpretation depends on which single galaxy he picked up in 1889. Furthermore, Swift's position for XI-11 is 10' too far south. The UGC, CGCG and MCG misidentify IC 161 (southwestern member of the pair) as IC 162. See Harold Corwin's notes and Malcolm Thompson's IC Corrections.
******************************
01 49 15.0 +20 42 40; Ari
V = 13.1; Size 1.8'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 90°
24" (8/29/19): at 375x; fairly faint, oval 2:1 or 5:2 ~E-W, brighter along the major axis like a bar, ~50"x20", bulges slightly at the center. The "bar" is slightly offset to the east in the halo. A mag 14.1 star is less than 1' S and another is 2' E.
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly in the moderately bright
category, elongated ~5:2 E-W or perhaps ENE-WSW, slightly brighter core
region. Sometimes appeared
slightly brighter along the major axis like a bar. Situated just north of the
westernmost star in slightly curved trio of similar 14th mag stars. Member of the
Truman Safford discovered IC 163 = Sf. 72 = Sw. 9-4 on 27
Dec 1866 and recorded "pB, pS, bM N = 13m." His position is 1' N of
******************************
01 49 08.4 -03 54 16; Cet
V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1
24" (11/7/18): at 260x; moderately bright, moderately large, round, sharply concentrated a very bright small core and a diffuse halo which fades out without a perceptible edge. The galaxy is nearly collinear with a mag 10 star 3.5' SSW and a mag 12 star 3' NNE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 164 = Sw. 9-5 on 23 Oct 1889 and recorded "pF; S; R; bet. 2 stars, ? cluster of eeF st[ars]." His position is 3.8' ESE of PGC 6666. Howe measured an accurate micrometric position in 1897-98 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver.
******************************
01 50 14.0 +27 38 48; Tri
V = 12.4; Size 3.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 90°
See observing notes for
Edward Swift, Lewis' son, found IC 165 = Sw. 9-6 on 18 Jan 1890 while "searching for Swift's Comet." It was reported in the 9th discovery list as "eF; S; lE; vF * close f." The position is 1' S of NGC 684. In Astronomische Nachrichten #3429, Isaac Roberts noted the equivalence of IC 165 and NGC 684 and Dreyer mentioned the identity in the IC 2 notes.
******************************
01 52 22 +61 51 18; Cas
V = 11.7; Size 5'
18" (12/22/11): easily picked up at 175x though at this power appeared as a faint, fairly small, roundish glow. At 285x ~10-12 mag 14-15.5 stars were resolved with a couple at the edge of visibility over a mottled background. Roughly 3.5' diameter. A brighter mag 12.5 star is at the west edge.
17.5" (8/5/97): position identified at 100x using a GSC chart, although only a couple of stars are plotted. Appears as a very faint circular glow with a couple of faint stars superimposed. Located 7' E of a wide pair of mag 9/11 stars [at 38" separation]. Does not resemble a cluster in appearance and would have otherwise thought this was a Milky Way patch. At 220x, the glow is ~4' in diameter and there are a sprinkling of ~10 very faint stars, mostly mag 14.5-15.5 with one mag 13 star. The glow has an irregular surface brightness with a mottled appearance and the periphery is not well defined.
William Denning discovered IC 166 around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer. The IC position corresponds with the faint open cluster Tombaugh 3.
Clyde Tombaugh independently found IC 166 in Jan/Feb of 1941 while surveying the circumpolar region from Lowell Observatory with the 13-inch Lowell telescope. He tentatively identified "Tombaugh 3" as an open cluster, though thought is might be a loose globular or "even a midget galaxy just beyond the border of our Milky Way System".
******************************
01 51 08.6 +21 54 46; Ari
V = 13.1; Size 2.9'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 95°
18" (11/22/03): very faint, elongated 4:3, 0.8'x0.6',
low surface brightness. Located
5.5' SSE of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 167 = Big. 133 on 4 Jan 1889. He noted a mag 10.5 star was at 4' separation in PA 358° (N).
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01 50 27.6 -08 31 23; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.35'; PA = 104°
24" (11/7/18): at 375x; moderately bright, small, high
surface brightness! Elongated 2:1
E-W, 30"x15", very small bright nucleus. A mag 11.5 star is less than 4' E. Located 15' WSW of
Sherburne Wesley Burnham Burnham discovered IC 168 = J. 2-539 on 7 Oct 1891 while observing and measuring NGC 707. His position (published in 1892) is accurate. Javelle found this galaxy again on 17 Dec 1892, also while measuring NGC 707. Jermain Porter also found it independently in 1908 with the 16-inch Clark refractor at the Cincinnati Observatory and reported it as a nova. A micrometric position was published in a long table of mostly NGC positions.
******************************
01 50 39.4 -12 40 47; Cet
Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 70°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small,
oval 5:4, 25"x20", pretty diffuse with a weak concentration to the
center. Situated 8' E of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 169 = J. 1-72 on 2 Jan
1892. His position is accurate,
although HyperLeda doesn't recognize
******************************
01 51 57.5 -08 31 03; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 92°
24" (11/7/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, compact, 24", occasional stellar nucleus. Located 7.6' ESE of NGC 707 in a scattered group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 170 = J. 540 on 17 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 55 10.3 +35 16 52; Tri
V = 12.2; Size 2.5'x2.2'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 105°
17.5" (12/19/87): fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W, 1.0'x0.8', weak central concentration, stellar nucleus. A mag 10 star is off the NE edge 45" from center. Almost collinear with a double star mag 12/13 at 18" located 2.5' W.
Édouard Stephan discovered discovered IC 171 = Sw. 8-1 on 24
Nov 1875 after viewing
******************************
01 54 54.2 +00 48 40; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 85°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; fairly faint,
irregular round, 25" diameter, very small or stellar nucleus. Situated directly between a mag 9.5
star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 172 = J. 2-541 on 12 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
01 55 57.1 +01 17 07; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 90°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint
(noticeably easier than last month), round, 35"-40" diameter,
diffuse, broad and weak concentration.
At the southwestern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 3.6' NNE and
a mag 12 star a similar distance E. Fainter
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; very faint, low surface brightness, roundish, ~30" diameter, nearly uniform brightness. A mag 11 star is 3.6' NNE and a mag 12 star is 3.7' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 173 = J. 2-542 on 26 Dec 1893. He described it as "faint, round, about 40" in diameter, mottled appearance, faint central condensaation."
******************************
01 56 16.1 +03 45 43; Psc
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 96°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
moderate surface brightness, slightly elongated, ~35"x25". A mag 15.5 star is just off the NE
edge. Brightest in a trio (USGC U086) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 174 = J. 1-73 on 5 Nov
1891. His position is within 1' of
******************************
IC 175 = CGCG 387-003 = PGC 7261
01 56 18.9 +01 19 57; Cet
V = 15.1; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 9°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. I could nearly hold it steadily with averted in my sweet spot. Faint stellar nucleus. A mag 14.3 star is 2' W. Located 6' NE of brighter IC 173 (similar redshift) and 4.4' ESE of a mag 11 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 175 = J. 2-543 on 26 Dec 1892
******************************
01 56 53.4 -02 01 09; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 1.8'x0.35'; PA = 94°
24" (12/28/16): at 375x; very faint to faint, very thin edge-on 6:1 or E-W, 60"x10", very slightly brighter core but no central bulge. Once picked up I could just hold it continuously with careful averted. Located 17' WNW of mag 6.6 58 Ceti.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 176 = J. 1-74 on 3 Dec 1891 and noted "pretty bright, small". His position is accurate.
******************************
01 57 00.6 -00 05 23; Cet
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, 20"-25" diameter, low even surface brightness. A mag 13
star is 2' N. Situated 9' N of mag
8.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 177 = J. 1-75 on 7 Nov
1891. His position is 4' SSE of
******************************
01 58 54.8 +36 40 30; And
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 170°
17.5" (9/1/02): this member of the
17.5" (12/19/87): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
brighter core. Located 4.7' NNE of
mag 7.2
17.5" (11/14/87): fairly faint, small, round, slightly brighter core. A wide pair (35" separation) of mag 12 and 13 stars is 1.5' SE of center.
Truman Safford discovered IC 178 = Sf. 67 on 8 Nov 1866 with
the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. The discovery list was not published
until 1887 so Safford is not credited in the NGC. His position is 4' south of
******************************
02 00 11.5 +38 01 17; And
V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 110°
24" (11/24/14): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, high surface brightness (central region), 25" diameter, weak concentration to the center, possible very low surface brightness halo.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 179 = Sw. 10-13 on 28 Jun 1890 with the 16-inch refractor at the Warner Observatory and recorded "pB, S, lE, 9m * near nf." His position is 8 second of time too far west. Herbert Howe measured an accurate micrometric position around 1900 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes).
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02 00 00.4 +23 36 16; Ari
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 150°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 2:1 or
5:2 NW-SE, 25"x10", occasional stellar nucleus. Close companion of
17.5" (12/7/90): very faint, small, elongated 2:1
NW-SE. In a trio with NGC 776 3'
NNW and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 180 = J. 2-544, along with IC 181, while observing the field of NGC 776 on 15 Dec 1892.
******************************
IC 181 = MCG +04-05-030 = CGCG 482-040 = PGC 7559
02 00 02.3 +23 39 31; Ari
V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 55°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Close companion of NGC 776 2.0' SW.
17.5" (12/7/90): extremely faint and small, round. Faintest of a close trio with NGC 776 2' SW and IC 180 3.0' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 181 = J. 2-545, along with IC 180, while observing the field of NGC 776 on 15 Dec 1892. CGCG and the UGC notes to NGC 776 fail to identify this galaxy as IC 181.
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01 59 51.8 +07 24 42; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.65'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 36°
24" (11/30/21): at 375x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~35"x25", low nearly even surface brightness. Surrounded by 3 mag 11-12 stars, all 3'-4' away.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 182 = J. 2-546 on 5 Dec 1893. His postion is 1' too far S.
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01 59 34.0 -05 20 50; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 97°
24" (11/30/21): at 260x; relatively bright, very
elongated at least 3:1 SW-NE, brighter along the major axis, 0.9'x0.3'. A mag 10.2 star is 3.8' E. A group of stars is directly S and SE
including a mag 9.7 star 7' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 183 = J. 2-547 on 7 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
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01 59 51.2 -06 50 25; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 177°
48" (10/24/14): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 N-S, 0.6'x0.25'. Contains a bright core and a very bright nucleus.
IC 184 is a Seyfert 2 galaxy and the brightest in a small
group that includes the three brightest members of
17.5" (12/22/97): faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated N-S, broad concentration.
Located 2.7' NNW of a mag 10-11 star. This galaxy was picked up while searching for HCG 14 which
is located 14' due south and is brighter than the two primary galaxies in HCG
14.
Ormond Stone discovered IC 184 = LM(S) 55 on 15 Oct 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory. The discovery was listed as #55 in the 1893 catalogue of Southern Nebulae. Stone noted mag 15.0 and 0.2' diameter. His micrometric position was accurate.
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02 00 06.0 -01 31 42; Cet
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 82°
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; very faint, small, elongated
E-W, 25"x15", even surface brightness. Collinear with a mag 12.9 star
1.4' SE and a mag 10.4 star 3.2' SE. Double star BAL 9 = 9.8/10.3 at 6"
separation is 7' SSE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 185 = J. 2-548, along with nearby IC 186, on 14 Dec 1892. He called it "extremely faint, very small, poor definition."
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IC 186 = MCG +00-06-020 = MCG +00-06-021 = CGCG 387-023 =
02 00 24.5 -01 33 06; Cet
Size 0.7'x0.5'
24" (11/15/22): IC 186 is a triple system, with the brightest two resolved by Stephane Javelle, though only assigned a single IC designation.
At 327x; I immediately split the main pair at 22" separation oriented WSW-ENE. The brighter western galaxy was easily seen, slightly elongated N-S, 20"x15". The eastern galaxy was faint, round, 15" diameter. The halos seemed nearly in contact. A mag 10.4 star is 2' WSW. IC 185 lies 4.7' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 186 = J. 2-549, along with IC 185, on 14 Dec 1892. He reported it as "faint, double, appears like two faint stars, 15" apart, surrounded by nebulosity. Nebulous character certain. Measured at the middle of the pair." His pair is actually a triple as the eastern galaxy is double (apparently in a common halo), and a fourth galaxy is just south of the triple.
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02 01 30.7 +26 28 51; Tri
V = 12.9; Size 2.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 70°
24" (12/22/14): moderately bright, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.25'.
Contains a small, brighter rounder core with fairly low surface
brightness extensions that increased in size with averted. Brighter member of an double system
with
18" (12/22/11): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.3'. Broad concentration with a brighter and rounder 15" core. Forms a double system with LEDA 2800932. The fainter companion was at or just off the east end and appeared as very faint, small, roundish glow that was sometimes detached, depending on if the halo (arms) of IC 187 was visible or not.
Edward Swift discovered IC 187 = Sw. 9-7, along with
******************************
IC 188 = UGC 1510 = MCG +04-05-038 = CGCG 482-049 = LGG 041-010 = PGC 7706
02 01 46.5 +26 32 49; Tri
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 45°
24" (12/22/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 24"x12", nearly even surface brightness. Located 5' NE of the double system IC 187.
18" (12/22/11): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 20"x15", weak concentration to center but no nucleus. Located 5' NE of IC 187. The identification of IC 188 with this galaxy (suggested by Corwin) is uncertain.
Edward Swift discovered IC 188 = Sw. 9-8, along with IC 187,
on 18 Jan 1890, while searching for "Swift's Comet". Described as "eeef, vS; R; 2 stars
point to it." There is
nothing at his position, but 10 sec of RA west and 30' south is
But due to the large error in declination Malcolm Thomson rejects UGC 1510 as IC 188. He argues that no similar error occurred with nearby IC 187, and if he discovered UGC 1510, the description would have mentioned "sp of 2" and "nf of 2." for the pair. Courtney Seligman agrees with Thomson that the evidence is too slim to accept UGC 1510 as IC 188 and he lists the number as probably nonexistent. No modern catalogue identifies UGC 1510 as IC 188. See Harold Corwin's IC identification notes as well as Courtney Seligman's summary.
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02 01 52.9 +23 33 05; Ari
V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 0.4'
diameter, low even surface brightness. A small group of 4 stars mag 13.5-14
forming a "Y" asterism is close west. Pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 189 = J. 2-550, along with IC
190, on 15 Dec 1892. His position
matches
******************************
IC 190 = MCG +04-05-040 = CGCG 482-052 = PGC 7731
02 02 07.3 +23 32 59; Ari
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 95°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint,
slightly elongated ~E-W, 25"x20", contains a very small brighter
core. Forms a pair with slightly fainter IC 189 3.3' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 190 = J. 2-551, along with IC 190, on 15 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
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02 02 29.3 +18 22 23; Ari
V = 12.7; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 45°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 191 = Sw. 9-9 on 20 Oct 1889 and reported "pB; pL; lE." His position is at the west edge of NGC 794. Dreyer perhaps assumed it was new due to Swift's description, which differed significantly from WH's "eF, vS, stellar,240 showed it very plainly." Dreyer added the parenthetical comment "probably = [NGC 794]" in the IC description and certainly NGC 794 = IC 191.
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02 02 32.4 +16 00 51; Ari
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 148°
24" (11/30/21): at 322x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, 35" diameter, gradually increases to a nearly stellar peak.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 192 on 14 Feb 1890 with the
27" refractor at the Vienna Observatory. It was found while searching for Comet 1889 V (Brooks). His micrometric position is an exact
match with
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02 02 31.0 +11 05 35; Ari
V = 13.7; Size 1.5'x1.2'; PA = 158°
24" (12/12/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately
large, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 55"x45", broad weak concentration,
no distinct core. Located 8' NW of
mag 6.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 193 = Sw. 7-3 on 8 Oct 1887 and recorded "eF; pS; lE or irr R; B* sf; pF * nr f." His position is ~3' too far ESE, but this is the only nearby galaxy and it clearly matches his description.
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02 03 05.2 +02 36 51; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 1.6'x0.25'; PA = 13°
24" (11/30/21): at 260x; fairly faint, thin edge-on 6:1
or even 8:1 ~N-S, ~60"x10", slightly brighter core, the outer ends
taper slightly. Located 9' S of
mag 8.1
24" (12/28/16): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, thin edge-on 5:1 N-S, ~0.9'x0.2', very small brighter nucleus. A mag 10.6 star is 3.8' E. Located 18' SE of mag 4.1 Alpha Psc (Alrescha).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 194 = J. 2-552 on 6 Jan 1894. He noted "very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, no concentration. Difficult because of a vicinity of the comparison star."
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02 03 44.6 +14 42 33; Ari
V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 126°
48" (10/29/16): at 488x and 610x; fairly bright,
moderately large, sharply concentrated with a bright, elongated 2:1 core
NNW-SSE and highlighted by a stellar nucleus. The halo or spiral arms are very low surface brightness and
extend 5:2 NW-SE, ~1.0'x0.4'. A
distracting 15" pair of mag 10.4/12.7 stars is 2.3' W. Forms an interacting pair (
17.5" (11/17/01): faint, small, bright core, faint extensions NW-SE, 0.4'x0.2'. A mag 12 star lies 1.4' S. Forms a close pair (Arp 290) with brighter IC 196 2.2' NE. Preceding by just 2.2' is a nice mag 10.5/12.5 pair at 15" with two additional mag 12 stars to the SSW of the closer pair.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 195 = Sw. 9-10, along with IC 196,
on 20 Oct 1889 and recorded "eeF; S; R; F * nr south; sp of 2 [with IC
196]." His position and
description is a good match with
******************************
IC 196 = Arp 290 NED2 = VV 309a = UGC 1556 = MCG +02-06-018 = CGCG 438-020 = PGC 7856
02 03 49.8 +14 44 21; Ari
V = 12.9; Size 2.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 5°
48" (10/29/16): at 488x and 610x; bright, large, very
elongated but irregular 5:1 ~N-S, ~2.0'x0.4', well concentrated with a small,
round bright core. A fairly thin
long arm or tail extends due south from the core and then curls southwest
towards IC 195. It appears to
spread out and dim on the southwest end [0.9' from center]. A shorter arm extends north from
the core ~30" and dims abruptly.
But a very low surface brightness, elongated N-S patch is detached on
the northern end (part of an outer tidal tail or loop) ~1' from the center. A companion (
17.5" (11/17/01): fairly faint, fairly small, nearly edge-on 4:1 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.3'. Contains a rounder, bright core and stellar nucleus. Forms a close pair with IC 195 2.2' SW. This galaxy is actually an interacting quartet, although only the main galaxy was observed along with IC 195.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 196 = Sw. 9-11, along with IC 195,
on 20 Oct 1889 and recorded "pF; pS; R; trap with 3 st; nf of 2 [with IC
195]." His position and
description is a good match with
******************************
IC 197 = UGC 1529 = MCG +02-06-016 = CGCG 387-031 = PGC 7875
02 04 04.9 +02 47 12; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 54°
24" (11/30/21): at 260x and 325x; moderately bright, oval ~5:3 SW-NE, ~45" in length, small brighter core/nucleus. The halo has a slightly irregular surface brightness (spiral). IC 194 lies 18' SW. Located 30' E of 4th mag Alpha Psc (Alrescha).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 197 = J. 2-553 on 6 Jan 1894 and recorded "pretty bright, slightly elongated in PA 225° [SW-NE], gradually condensed.". His position was 1' too far north and the description applies. Just 19 days later, Rich Tucker at Lick Observatory made an independent discovery while charting faint stars with the 36-inch refractor. He noted it appeared "somewhat elongated, with but little condensation." His somewhat rough position was 3' too far southeast. Tucker announced it as a new nebula in PASP, 6, 66 (1894).
******************************
02 06 03.1 +09 17 44; Psc
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 53°
24" (12/28/16): at 375x; fairly faint, small, oval 4:3
SW-NE, 30"x22", very weak concentration. First of 3 IC galaxies (HDCE 117) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 198 = J. 2-554, along with IC 199, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "pretty bright, small, round, 30" diameter, brighter center."
******************************
IC 199 = IC 1778 = UGC 1594 = MCG +01-06-041 = CGCG 413-041 = PGC 8026
02 06 19.4 +09 13 39; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 24°
24" (12/28/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
oval 3:2 SSW-NNE, 40"x27", slightly brighter core. Second in trio (HDCE 117) with IC 198
5.8' NW and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 199 = J. 2-555, along with IC 198, on 15 Dec 1892 and recorded "faint, small, round, bright core." He recorded the same galaxy a second time on 29 Jan 1897 as J. 3-192 with the desciption "faint, round, 30", gradually brighter middle, similar to a 14th mag star." He actually made a comment that it was found while measuring IC 198, though apparently he didn't realize he had already placed it in his second discovery list along with IC 198. So, IC 199 = IC 1778.
******************************
02 05 26.8 +31 10 30; Tri
V = 12.9; Size 2.2'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 85°
18" (12/22/11): fairly faint, moderately large,
irregularly round, 0.8' diameter, broad concentration with a small brighter
core. Forms the northeast vertex
of a right triangle with mag 8.8
17.5" (11/26/94): faint, fairly small, irregularly
round, about 1.5' diameter. Low
but uneven surface brightness, weak concentration with one or two brighter
spots near the center. A mag 14.5
star is just off the west edge 1.1' from the center. Located 27' NE of
Truman Safford discovered IC 200 = Sf. 71 = UGC 1577 on 4
Dec 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He noted it as "pB, pL, R,
bM." There is nothing at his
position but two minutes west is
******************************
IC 202 = UGC 1610 = MCG +01-06-043 = PGC 8101
02 07 28.7 +09 10 06; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 1.4'x0.25'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 132°
24" (12/28/16): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 25"x10", slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is just beyond the southeast end, 0.9' from center. A mag 10.4 star is 4' SSE and two mag 10.5 stars are a similar distance NNE. IC 202 is the third in a trio (HDCE 117) with IC 199 17.5' WNW and IC 198 22.5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 202 = J. 2-557, along with IC
201 and
******************************
02 07 27.1 -01 25 48; Cet
V = 14.9; Size 0.55'x0.35'; PA = 154°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~18"x12", irregular surface brightness. A distinctive rough parallelogram of mag 12-13 stars (sides 2.5' to 3.5' in length) is close NE.
Truman Safford discovered IC 204 = Sf. 98 on 22 Oct
1867. His position is 2.4' NNW of
******************************
02 07 27.4 -02 05 29; Cet
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, irregular round, 30" diameter, soft glow like a face-on spiral, slightly uneven surface brightness but no core. A mag 11.6 star is 2.6' ENE and a close double star (RST 4193 = 10.2/10.7 at 3") is 4' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 205 = J. 1-76 on 3 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
02 09 30.7 -06 58 06; Tri
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 138°
18" (11/22/03): second of trio with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 206 = J. 1-77, along with IC
207, on 26 Jan 1892. There is
nothing at his position, but both Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that
Javelle misidentified his reference star.
Applying his offsets to the correct star (
******************************
IC 207 = MCG -01-06-054 = Holm 57b = PGC 8251
02 09 39.3 -06 55 20; Tri
V = 13.9; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 99°
18" (11/22/03): third of 3 with IC 206 3.6' SW and IC 209 13' SW. IC 206 and IC 207 for an equilateral triangle with a mag 11.4 star 3.4' WNW. Although this galaxy is quite elongated I must have just recorded the brighter core as appeared very faint, small, round, 25", weak concentration.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 207 = J. 1-78, along with IC 206, on 26 Jan 1892. There is nothing at his position, but both Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his reference star. Applying his offsets to the correct star (SAO 129729) lands on this galaxy. Listed in the MCG as -01-06-054, though without the IC designation.
******************************
02 08 27.7 +06 23 42; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.2
24" (1/25/14): fairly faint, fairly large, round, 1.5' diameter, very low though irregular surface brightness, no core or nucleus. Located 4.5' NNW of NGC 825.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 208 = Big. 134 on 3 Dec 1888 and recorded "mag 13.4-13.5; very diffuse; 1.0'-1.5' dia; no nucleus." His position is 1.5' too far south but the description is accurate.
******************************
IC 209 = MCG -01-06-051 = Holm 56a = PGC 8200
02 08 58.7 -07 03 32; Tri
V = 13.1; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 60°
18" (11/22/03): brightest in trio with IC 206 10' NE and IC 207 13' NE. Appears moderately bright, fairly small, irregularly round, 1.2'x1.0', weak concentration, irregular surface brightness. Surprisingly easy for an IC galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 209 = J. 1-79 on 28 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
02 09 28.3 -09 40 49; Cet
V = 13.1; Size 2.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 66°
18" (10/21/06): fairly faint, fairly large, edge-on 6:1
WSW-ENE, 1.8'x0.3', very low even surface brightness. Located 3.4' SW of a mag 9.3 star (
Aaron Skinner, an assistant to Truman Safford, discovered IC 210 = Sf. 101 on 23 Oct 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. As the discovery list wasn't published until 1887 (too late for inclusion in the main NGC table), Dreyer credited Safford with the discovery in the IC 1. The discovery position is just off the north edge of the galaxy, so the identification is certain.
******************************
02 11 08.0 +03 51 09; Cet
V = 13.4; Size 2.3'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 50°
24" (1/25/14): faint, moderately large, slightly
elongated SW-NE, low surface brightness and difficult to estimate diameter,
increases in size with averted but at least 1.0'x0.8', slightly brighter
core. Located 4.5' NNW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 211 = J. II-559 on 5 Dec 1893 and recorded "F, R, 40" dia, vS core." His position is accurate.
******************************
02 13 38.2 +16 35 38; Ari
V = 15.1; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 84°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; faint, small, round, 0.3'
diameter, even surface brightness. A mag 15/15.5 pair at ~10" separation
is 40" SE. IC 212 is the
fainter of a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 212 = J. 2-560, along with IC 213, on 29 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 213 = UGC 1719 = MCG +03-06-046 = CGCG 461-067 = PGC 8556
02 14 04.3 +16 27 21; Ari
V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 149°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, roundish, diffuse, halo, ~0.9' diameter, well concentrated with a small, strong core/nucleus. A mag 14.5-15 star is at the SE edge. IC 212 lies 10' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 213 = J. 2-561, along with IC
212, on 19 Dec 1893. His position
matches
******************************
02 14 05.6 +05 10 24; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (9/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small. The main body is elongated 5:3 NW-SE,
~25"x15". With averted
vision, a very low surface brightness, diffuse extension spreads to the north
of the main body. With careful
viewing this extension appeared attached to the east end of the main body. Located 13' NE of mag 6.5
Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 214 = J. 2-562 on 29 Dec 1893. He reported "Pretty bright , diffuse, little extended , gradually condensed; seems mottled". His position is accurate.
******************************
02 14 09.5 -06 48 22; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 78°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 45"x15", nearly even surface brightness. Located 1.6' N of a mag 9.7 star. A mag 14 star is 2.7' E, with the galaxy making a right angle with the two stars.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 215 = J. 1-80 on 28 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
02 15 55.5 -02 00 54; Cet
V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 25°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; extremely faint, very small, round, 15"-20", very low even surface brightness. Only occasionally pops, though viewed well west of the meridian. A thin triangle of mag 13.5-14.5 stars is a couple of arcminutes to the west.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 216 = J. 1-81 on 4 Dec 1891. His position is accurate. CGCG didn't recognize its 387-061 as IC 216, and this was carried over to the PGC and HyperLeda. SIMBAD and NED have the correct identification, although the SIMBAD position is poor.
******************************
02 16 10.4 -11 55 36; Cet
V = 13.6; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35°
24" (12/28/16): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on 6:1 SW-NE, ~1.4'x0.25'. Fairly low surface brightness but surface seems distinctly irregular or mottled at 375x with some slightly brighter sections [PANSTARRS image shows the galaxy is crossed by multiple dust lanes]. A star is very close to the south end, which somewhat confuses the view (galaxy seems bent).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 217 = J. 2-563 on 7 Dec 1893. He described it as "faint, a little elongated nearly in the meridian (N-S), spindle 1' x 20", without condensation."
Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 12 Oct 1896 and
assumed it was new. He described
Sw. 11-37 (later
******************************
02 17 07.2 +01 16 56; Cet
V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.25'; PA = 75°
24" (1/25/14): very faint, fairly small, very elongated
3:1 WSW-ENE, 25"x8", low even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is close off the ENE edge
[35" ENE of center]. Located
2.4' NNE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 218 = J. 2-564 on 26 Dec 1893 and recorded "vF, poorly defined, slightly elongated, close to a *13.5." His position and description is accurate.
******************************
02 18 38.8 -06 54 12; Cet
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 18°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small,
roundish, 30" diameter, high surface brightness, very small bright core
increases to the center. Situated
9' SW of
Frank Muller discovered IC 219 = LM(S) 67 = J. 1-67 on 17
Nov 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory. It was
published in 1893 ("Southern Observations", Nova #67) and his
micrometric position matches
******************************
02 19 11.7 -12 46 54; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.35'; PA = 36°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 or
5:2 SSW-NNE, ~35" in length, fairly low nearly even surface
brightness. Situated 7' WSW of mag
8.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 220 = J. 1-83 on 2 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
02 22 40.9 +28 15 25; Tri
V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 16°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, 1' diameter, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 with averted vision ~N-S, diffuse (spiral) appearance, the halo has a subtle irregular surface brightness. Located 11' NW of mag 8.4 HD 14737. Several stars near including a mag 15 star off the SW side.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 221 = Spitaler 1 on 24 Dec 1891. His micrometric position is on the northwest side of the galaxy.
******************************
02 22 47.9 +11 38 18; Ari
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 24°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairy faint, round, only a broad
weak concentration, no core or nucleus, 30" diameter. A mag 8.9 star star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 222 = J. 2-565 on 11 Jan 1894. His position matches CGCG 439-003.
******************************
02 22 01.1 -20 44 45; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 152°
24" (10/3/13): fairly faint to moderately bright,
fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, broad concentration, 30"x20". Forms the vertex of a triangle with a
mag 11.5 star 1.8' N and a mag 12.5 star 2.5' ENE. Second in a trio (KTS 16) with brighter
17.5" (12/4/93): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, broad concentration. Forms an isosceles triangle with a mag 11.5 star 1.8' N and a mag 12.5 star 2.5' ENE. Forms a pair with NGC 899 5' SSW. NGC 907 lies 14' ENE.
Frank Muller discovered IC 223 = LM(S) 71 = Big. 135 on 19 Nov 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick observatory. It was recorded as #71 in the 1893 catalogue of "Southern Nebulae" with the description "irregularly round, suddenly brighter in the middle, stell nucleus?" Bigourdan independently discovered this galaxy on 1 Dec 1888. The IC position is accurate.
******************************
02 24 45.1 -12 33 52; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 131°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated NW-SE, 30" diameter, fairly low nearly even surface brightness. Located 24' SW of mag 4.9 Rho (72) Ceti.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 224 = J. 1-84 on 13 Oct 1891. His position matches PGC 9148.
******************************
02 26 28.3 +01 09 38; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, roundish, 25" diameter, no core but a very small brighter nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 225 = J. 2-566 on 29 Dec
1893. Harold Corwin suggests that
******************************
02 27 45.9 +28 12 32; Tri
V = 14.2; Size 2.1'x1.6'; Surf Br = 15.0
24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, fairly small, very sharply
concentrated with a small, round bright core embedded in a very low surface
halo perhaps 0.6' diameter (no distinct edge). Two mag 14/15 stars (15" separation) are just off the
northwest side. A mag 9.6 star is
1.8' NNW and mag 8.6
Rudloph Spitaler discovered IC 226 = Spitaler 2, along with IC 227, on 31 Dec 1891 with the 27" refractor at the Wien Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. His description (summarized in the IC) reads "pF, S, R, bM, 2 faint st n[orth]."
******************************
IC 227 = UGC 1932 = MCG +05-06-048 = CGCG 504-087 = PGC 9383
02 28 03.6 +28 10 31; Tri
V = 14.5; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.6; PA = 70°
24" (2/7/16): at 200x; slightly brighter and larger of
a pair with IC 226 4.4' NW.
Appears fairly faint or moderately bright (the listed mag may be too
faint), fairly large, slightly elongated, ~1.0'x0.8', the diffuse halo fades
out gradually so the size is difficult to estimate. Sharply concentrated with a well defined, relatively large
core that gradually increases to the center. Mag 8.6 HD 15271 lies 4.6' NNE. I also picked up
Rudloph Spitaler discovered IC 227 = Spitaler 3, along with IC 226, on 31 Dec 1891 with the 27" refractor at the Wien Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. His description (summarized in the IC) reads "F, pS, R, little brighter in the middle."
******************************
02 26 41.6 -14 30 57; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 15°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 228 = J. 1-85 on 7 Dec 1891. His position corresponds with PGC
9300. This galaxy was discovered
earlier by Leavenworth on 1 Jan 1886, but his rough position for LM 1-55 (later
NGC 944) was 1.5 minutes too far east so Javelle thought it was a new
object. Corwin verified that
Leavenworth's discovery sketch matches
******************************
02 28 47.3 -10 49 53; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 87°
24" (12/22/14): faint to fairly faint, small, round,
12"-15" diameter. Easily
seen despite a mag 15.7B. Located
5.5' due west of the double system
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 230 on 8 Oct 1891 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory while observing the double system NGC 942 and 943.
******************************
02 29 56.4 +01 10 45; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 162°
24" (12/20/17): at 225x; fairly faint, very small,
round, 18". I missed the low
surface brightness halo and only picked up the much brighter core region. Situated just 1.7' NW of a relatively
bright mag 10 star. In a group
with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 231 = J. 2-567 on 29 Dec
1893. His position is 1' NNW of
******************************
IC 232 = UGC 1994 = MCG +00-07-028 = CGCG 388-030 = WBL 074-001 = PGC 9588
02 31 11.6 +01 15 56; Cet
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.8'; PA = 155°
24" (12/20/17): at 225x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 0.5'x0.4'. This is the high surface brightness core region of the
galaxy and it increased to a sharp stellar nucleus! I suspected a very low surface brightness halo, but found it
difficult to confirm. BAL 956, a
3.1" equal pair of 12th magnitude stars, lies 3.5' ESE. Brightest in a
group (WBL 074) that includes IC 231 19' WSW,
UGC 1995 was fairly faint, fairly small, oval ~2:1 WSW-ENE, ~40"x20", slightly brighter along the major axis but no defined core region. A mag 10.7 star is 3.7' SE.
UGC 2005 appeared fairly faint, round, 0.6' diameter. Contains a very small bright core that
increases to a stellar nucleus. A
mag 13.3 star is off the east side [1.2' from center].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 232 = Sw. 7-4 on 15 Oct 1887 and
reported "vF, S, R." His
position is 1.7' due W of
******************************
02 31 40.7 +02 48 36; Cet
V = 15.0; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 100°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, elongated
3:2, 0.3'x0.2'. Brighter of a pair
with much fainter
CGCG 388-036, just 40" S, appeared extremely faint and small, requires averted vision to occasionally glimpse. A mag 15 star is 20" SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 233 = J. 2-568 on 6 Jan 1894
and recorded "pretty faint, round, 20" diameter, slight
condensation. A faint star is 1'
due south." His position and
description matches
******************************
02 31 37.7 -00 08 25; Cet
V = 14.7; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 158°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint,
diffuse glow, fairly small, 30"x20" N-S, little or no
concentration. A very distinctive
loop of 8 or so stars mag 9 and fainter is roughly 25' NW. Located 27' SE of mag 6.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 234 = J. 1-86 on 9 Nov
1891. His position is within 1' of
******************************
02 32 50.8 +20 38 28; Ari
V = 14.4; Size 0.65'x0.5'
24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 25" diameter, low surface brightness, only a slightly central brightening. A distinctive E-W string (length 4'), consisting of two 11th mag stars and two 12th mag stars, lies 6' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 235 = J. 2-569 on 15 Dec
1892. His position is within
30" of
******************************
02 32 55.8 -00 07 52; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 22°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between very faint and faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Forms the south vertex of an equilateral triangle with two mag 14 stars 4' NNW and 4' NE. IC 234 lies 20' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 236 = J. 1-87 on 9 Nov
1891. His position is just west of
******************************
02 33 31.6 +01 08 21; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 0.4' diameter, no core but contains a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 11 star is 2.4' WSW. Located 14'
NE of mag 7.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 237 = J. 2-570 on 29 Dec 1893 and noted "faint, small, round, 30", without condensation. Follows a mag 9.5 star.
******************************
02 35 22.7 +12 50 16; Ari
V = 13.0; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 35°
24" (11/7/18): at 260x; fairly faint, oval halo 2:1
SW-NE, ~0.9"x45", well concentrated with a bright, round core. A mag 13 star is 2' SE and a mag 12
star is 3' N. Located 29' NW of mag
5.7 31 Aries (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 238 = Sw. 7-5 on 12 Oct 1887 and
noted "vF; vS; R; mbM."
His position is 2' W of
******************************
02 36 27.9 +38 58 08; And
V = 11.1; Size 4.6'x4.2'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 3°
18" (11/26/03): at 115x appears as a large, round, low
surface brightness glow, ~3.5' with a broad, weak concentration to a slightly
brighter 30" core. With
extended viewing the surface brightness is somewhat irregular with a hint of
structure. IC 239 is located just
north of a mag 8.6 (2.2' from center) that somewhat hinders viewing. A distinctive curved string of mag
10-11 stars close west cradles the galaxy. Member of the
17.5" (8/6/02): at 274x appeared faint, fairly large,
slightly elongated ~N-S, ~3' diameter.
The galaxy exhibited only a broad, weak concentration with no defined
core. The halo faded at the edge
and was ill defined. Situated
between mag 8.6
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 239 in 1893 and it was announced in MNRAS 54, 371 (1894), "Photograph of a 'New' Spiral Nebula in Perseus." He noted "the convolutions of the spiral is very faint, but clearly visible on the negative, and involved in them are four 14-15 mag stars and 6 or 7 stars, or star-like condensations, less bright than 16th mag. The convolutions are symmetrical, and proceed from a very faint star-like nucleus."
******************************
02 37 54.5 +02 19 40; Cet
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 150°
18" (11/18/06): fairly faint, small, low surface
brightness halo surrounding a very small brighter core. Located 8' N of a mag 9.5 star and 14'
NW of
18" (10/21/06): faint, very small, round, 20"
diameter, fairly faint stellar nucleus.
Located 12' SE of mag 7.2
17.5" (10/17/87): fairly faint, very small, slightly
elongated, weak concentration.
Located 6.2' W of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 241 = Big. 137 on 19 Nov
1886 and recorded "mag 13.3; round, 35"-40" diameter, stellar
nucleus." His position
matches
******************************
02 38 32.2 -06 54 08; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x0.7'; PA = 35°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated SW-NE, weak concentration, 30" diameter. A mag 11.7
star is 1.4' NNW and a mag 14 star is 1.3' WNW. Located 13' S of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 243 = J. 1-89, along with IC
242 (a nearby faint double), on 26 Jan 1892. PGC incorrectly equates
******************************
02 39 24.7 +02 43 44; Cet
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 175°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; extremely faint, very small, 15" diameter, low surface brightness. Initially difficult to glimpse but once identified could mostly hold with averted. A mag 10 star is 4' NNW. Member of the NGC 1016 group (USGC U137)
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 244 = J. 2-571 on 11 Jan 1894. His position is 1.2' too far SSE (perhaps an error in the position of his offset star).
******************************
02 38 54.6 -14 18 20; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 25°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint,
very elongated at least 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~40"x16", fairly low even
surface brightness. Situated
between mag 8.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 245 = J. 1-90 on 2 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
02 40 28.6 +02 28 43; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 48°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly in the fairly faint bin; small, round, 20"-24" diameter. Contains a very small brighter core and stellar nucleus. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 10.8 star 5' SW and a mag 10.6 star 5' SE. A mag 15.1 star is just off the SW side. IC 244, a fainter galaxy, lies 22' NW. Member of the NGC 1016 group (USGC U137)
Lewis Swift discovered IC 246 = Sw. 7-6 on 15 Oct 1887 and recorded "eeF; vS; R; triangle with 2 st.; eee diff." Swift was probably referring to two mag 10.5 stars 5' SW and 5' SSE. His RA was 22 seconds too small, though Herbert Howe corrected the RA based on a micrometric measure at the Denver observatory (repeated in IC 2).
******************************
02 40 08.8 -11 44 02; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 45°
24" (1/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~40"x30", fairly even surface brightness with only a weak even concentration to a slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.8 star is 1.3' WNW. Located 12' NE of mag 4.8 Epsilon Ceti!
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 247 = J. 1-91 on 2 Jan 1892. His position matches PGC 10100.
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02 41 25.8 +17 48 44; Ari
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 145°
17.5" (1/20/90): fairly faint, fairly small, gradually
brighter middle, almost round, diffuse halo. Located 11' WNW of a mag 8.2
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 248 in Sep 1891 while
unsuccessfully searching for
******************************
02 41 02.4 -06 56 09; Cet
V = 12.6; Size 2.3'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 45°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 249 = J. 1-92 on 28 Jan 1892
and recorded "pB, almost round, 20" diameter, uniform
appearance." He added the
note "distinct from NGC 1051".
His position corresponds with NGC 1051 despite his comment. This galaxy was probably first
discovered by Ormond Stone in 1886, though Harold Corwin found he made a 10
minute error in RA in LM 2-338 (later
******************************
02 40 54.3 -13 18 49; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 126°
24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, 45" diameter, very low surface brightness with only a very weak concentration. A 1.5' pair of mag ~10.5 stars lies ~4' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 250 = J. 1-93 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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02 41 13.8 -14 57 28; Cet
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, small,
round, 25" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 10.6 star is 50" SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 251 = J. 1-94 on 5 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
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02 41 45.1 -14 50 54; Cet
Size 0.45'x0.25'; PA = 26°
24" (1/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, very small brighter nucleus, ~24"x20". Pretty similar to IC 251, which lies 10' SW. Member of a small group (USGC S093), which includes IC 253 and NGC 1065.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 252 = J. 1-95 on 5 Dec
1891. His position is
accurate. HyperLeda doesn't
recognize
******************************
IC 253 = MCG -03-07-058 = PGC 10226
02 42 05.7 -15 02 50; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 0.8'x0.65'
24" (1/23/22): at 375x; relatively bright with a high
surface brightness, fairly small, round, 30" diameter. well concentrated
with a very small brighter nucleus rising to a stellar peak. Forms a similar
pair with NGC 1065 2.7' S and both of these galaxies have dim companions!
17.5" (12/20/95): IC 253 is in a compact group (SCG 19)
and forms a pair with NGC 1065 2.7' S.
Fairly faint, fairly small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus,
30" diameter. Interestingly,
IC 253 appeared slightly larger and brighter than NGC 1065! Located 9' NE of mag 7.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 253 = J. 1-96, along with IC 254, on 5 Dec 1891. His position is accurate. It seems strange that Swift, who discovered NGC 1065, missed this object.
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02 42 05.0 -15 06 24; Cet
Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 55°
24" (1/23/22): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, at most 15" diameter. Forms a close pair with NGC 1065 1.0' NNE. This pair is matched by IC 253/LEDA 144985 located ~3' N. Mag 7.3 HD 16826 is 8' W.
17.5" (12/20/95): appears as an extremely faint, round, barely nonstellar spot just 1.0' SSW of NGC 1065 in a small group with IC 253. It required averted vision to glimpse and appeared less than 10" in diameter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 254 = J. 1-97, along with IC 253, on 5 Dec 1891. Despite Javelle's good position, MCG, PGC, RNGC, HyperLEDA and SIMBAD incorrectly equate IC 254 with brighter NGC 1065. NED has the correct identification.
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02 47 03.2 +16 17 17; Ari
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 45°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 375x; extremely faint,
small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~20"x10", very low even surface
brightness. A mag 12 star is 2' E. Located 5' N of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 255 = J. 2-572 on 29 Dec 1893 while viewing and measuring NGC 1088. He recorded "very faint, round, 20" diameter, without concentration. It is 5 seconds of RA preceding a mag 12 star." His position is a bit off, but CGCG 463-012 matches the description.
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02 49 40.3 +46 57 17; Per
V = 15.3; Size 0.3'x0.2'
17.5" (10/24/87): extremely faint and small, slightly
elongated N-S, ~15"x10".
Located 26" N of an easier mag 15 star. Requires averted and visible ~50% of the time. Situated 1.6' SW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 256 = Sw. 8-2, along with IC 257
and
******************************
IC 257 = UGC 2298 = MCG +08-06-011 = CGCG 554-008 = PGC 10729
02 49 45.5 +46 58 34; Per
V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 155°
17.5" (10/24/87): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.8'x0.5'. The slightly brighter core contains a quasi-stellar nucleus at moments. A trio of very faint galaxies lies close SW (including IC 256?). IC 260 lies 13' E.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 257 = Sw. 8-3 on 6 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; R; in vacancy; v diff. 2nd of 3 [with IC 256 and IC 260]." Courtney Seligman argues that this galaxy is IC 256 and that IC 257 is probably non-existent.
William Herschel made the first observation on 11 Dec 1786 (sweep 645) and recorded "a few very small stars mixed with very faint seeming nebulosity, in the direction of the meridian [north-south]; most probably only a patch." Caroline didn't assign this object a general discovery number due to his uncertainty, so it wasn't catalogued, but his position is just 2' N of IC 257 and the orientation of the galaxy (PA 155°) is a reasonable match with his description. The galaxy was only 5° from the zenith as it crossed the meridian, so he was observing at a very high elevation of 85°. Steinicke confirms this early discovery (email April 2015).
******************************
02 49 46.1 +41 03 06; Per
V = 14.1; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 165°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x fairly faint to faint, slightly
elongated N-S, 30"x24", small brighter nucleus. A mag 10 star is 1.9' ENE and interferes
a bit with viewing. IC 258 is the
brighter of a close pair with
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 258, along with IC 259, on 3 Sep 1891 while observing double stars with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The identifications of IC 258 and IC 259 are reversed in most modern sources. See notes on IC 259.
******************************
IC 259 = CGCG 539-106 = PGC 10721
02 49 40.9 +41 03 18; Per
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 126°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, stellar nucleus. A star (close double on the DSS) is at the northwest edge [17" from center]." Forms a close pair with IC 258 1.0' ESE.
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 259, along with IC 258, on 3 Sep 1891 while observing double stars with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He measured the offsets for both objects correctly with respect to 10th magnitude BD +40°608. But he applied his RA (time) offset in the wrong direction for the western object, which he described as double. So the computed position for IC 258 is east of IC 259, placing these objects out of RA order in the sky. As a result, the identifications of IC 258 and IC 259 are reversed in UGC, CGCG, PGC, HyperLeda, WikiSky, etc. NED has the correct identifications.
******************************
IC 260 = UGC 2325 = MCG +08-06-014 = CGCG 554-011 = PGC 10812
02 51 00.9 +46 57 17; Per
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 175°
17.5" (10/2/99): faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~30"x24", weak concentration. A pair of mag 11.5 stars is close southwest (0.7' and 1.4') and collinear with the galaxy. In a group with IC 257 located 13' W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 260 = Sw. 8-4, along with IC 256 and IC 257, on 6 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; in line with 2 nr faint stars. 3rd of 3." His position is accurate.
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02 49 04.1 -14 28 15; Eri
V = 13.2; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 40°
17.5" (11/18/95): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter. Even concentration to a bright core and nearly stellar nucleus. A faint, close double star lies 4.2' SSW and 5' NW is a small group of four mag 13 stars (includes a 30" pair).
Stephane Javelle found IC 261 = J. 1-98 on 7 Dec 1891. His position matches
******************************
02 51 43.3 +42 49 42; Per
V = 13.6; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 36°
24" (11/7/18): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, dominated by a bright elongated core or bar running ~40"x15" NNW-SSE. The bar is encased in a faint, roundish halo ~50" diameter. Situated in a very rich star field with a mag 10 star 2.5' N. A mag 13 star (unequal double) is 1.5' SSE.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 262 = Sw. 8-5 on 24 Nov 1870. His position was just 1' to the NW but he assumed it was GC 612 (= NGC 1106), which is 1.2° further south! Due to this error, he didn't list it as new in any discovery list.
Edward Swift discovered IC 262 again on 3 Nov 1888. The description in the 8th discovery list (#5) reads "eeF; pS; R; bet. a F and a pB *; ee diff." and the position is just off the west side. The 10th magnitude star 2.4' N is probably the "pB *" mentioned in the description. Swift received credit in the IC.
******************************
02 49 40.0 -00 04 12; Cet
Size 0.7'x0.45'; PA = 168°
24" (1/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 4:3 NNW-SSE, ~30" diameter, moderate surface brightness,
slightly brighter core.
18" (1/15/07): faint, very small, slightly elongated,
20"x15", even surface brightness, seen with direct vision. Located 20' NE of NGC 1104 and 105' due
E of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 263 = J. 1-99 on 9 Nov 1891. There is nothing at his position, but Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his reference star, which should have been GSC 4699-221. When his offsets are applied to this star, the position lands on this galaxy. This galaxy is not identified in IC 263 in HyperLEDA, though NED and SIMBAD use the correct identification.
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02 48 47.6 -00 06 33; Cet
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 27°
24" (1/25/22): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. This small galaxy (only the core region was noticed) was just held steadily with averted vision. A mag 11.7 star is 1.7' ENE. IC 263 = PGC 10716 lies 13' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 264 = J. 1-100, along with IC 263, on 9 Nov 1891. There is nothing near his position (for either galaxy). But, as in the case of IC 263, Javelle misidentified his reference star, which should have been GSC 4699-221. In addition, Harold Corwin found a second error -- his RA offset from the star has the wrong sign. Once both of these errors are corrected, his position falls on Mrk 1401. As expected, neither PGC nor HyperLeda recognize this galaxy as IC 264, but it is correctly identified in SIMBAD and NED.
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02 54 44.0 +41 39 19; Per
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9
18" (11/18/06): faint, small, round, 20"
diameter. Located 5.5' NE of NGC
1129 in the cluster AWM 7 and 4.5' NW of a mag 9.7 star in a cluster.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 265 = Sw. 8-6 on 3 Nov 1888 and recorded "eeF; eS; R; [NGC] 1129 near." His position is fairly accurate. Listed in the MCG as +07-07-006, but not identified as IC 265.
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02 55 04.6 +42 15 47; Per
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 128°
24" (11/7/18): at 260x and 375x very small but high
surface brightness, ~20" diameter, contains a bright stellar nucleus. Situated in a rich star field with a
string of five mag 13.5-14.5 stars is off the west side, trailing south towards
a mag 10.7 star 5' SSW. IC 266 is
located 25' ENE of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 266 = Sw. 8-7 on 3 Nov 1888 and recorded "eF; eS; R." His position is pretty accurate, although MCG failed to label MCG +07-07-010 as IC 266.
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02 53 50.2 +12 50 57; Ari
V = 13.0; Size 2.0'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 15°
24" (12/21/16): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly
large, elongated ~4:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.7'x0.4', irregular surface brightness. This appears to be a central bar
(verified on the DSS) rather than an edge-on galaxy. Either a star is superimposed at the center or the galaxy
has a bright stellar nucleus!
Located 10' SSE of
17.5" (10/21/95): faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.8'x0.3', broad weak concentration. Located 10.3' SSE of NGC 1134.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 267 = Sw. 7-7 = Big 138 on 8 Nov 1877 and recorded "eeF; pS; E; sf of GC 620 [NGC 1134]." His RA is 35 seconds too large. Bigourdan independently found it again on 28 Nov 1888 and measured an accurate position. Both are credited in the IC, though Bigourdan is listed first (perhaps because of Swift's poor position).
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02 55 27.0 -14 06 11; Eri
Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 68°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; extremely to very faint,
elongated 2:1 or 5:2 SW-NE, ~25"x12", very low surface
brightness. Forms a pair with IC
269 2.2' N with a mag 10.7 star the same distance ENE. Faintest in a quartet with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 268 = J. 1-101, along with IC 269, 270 and 272, on 1 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
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02 55 26.5 -14 04 01; Eri
V = 14.4; Size 1.2'x0.35'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 126°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 or 3:1 NW-SE, ~40"x15", very small bright
core/nucleus. Forms a pair with IC
268 2.2' S and a quartet with IC 270 and 272 to the SW. A mag 10.7 star 2.2' SE forms an
isosceles triangle with IC 269 and 268.
Situated 8' ESE of mag 7.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 269 = J. 1-102, along with ICs 268, 270 and 272, on 1 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 270 = MCG -02-08-028 = PGC 11061
02 55 44.2 -14 12 28; Eri
Size 1.3'x1.2'
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 45"x35". Contains a bright core that gradually increases to the center. A mag 14.6 star is at the southwest edge. Situated close east of an isosceles triangle of mag 11.2/11.8 and 12.6 stars [sides 1.3', 1.7', 1.7']. In a quartet with IC 272 5.5' ENE and IC 268 and 269 ~8' NNW. IC 270 appears to the brightest in a larger group at a mean z = .03 (distance ~400 million l.y.) including NGCs 1150, 1151, 1157 and 1158.
17.5" (10/17/98): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
5:3 SW-NE, ~0.9'x0.6'. Forms the
northeast vertex of a small trapezium with three mag 12 stars 1.0' SW, 1.5' WNW
and 2.2' SW. Forms a pair with IC
272 5.5' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 270 = J. 1-103, along with IC
272, on 1 Dec 1891 with the 29-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His
position matches
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02 55 59.4 -12 00 28; Eri
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 125°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, small, diffuse, low even surface brightness, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0.4'. Two mag 12/12.5 stars less than 5' N and a mag 11 star is 4.6' small, with the galaxy directly between.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 271 = J. 2-573 on 14 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
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IC 272 = MCG -02-08-030 = PGC 11086
02 56 06.4 -14 11 12; Eri
Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 27°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 35"'x25", low even surface brightness, visible continuously with averted. Last in a quartet with brighter IC 270 5.5' WSW. IC 268 and 269 are 11' and 12' NW.
17.5" (10/17/98): extremely faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, ~0.8'x0.6'. Forms a pair with brighter IC 270 5.5' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 272 = J. 1-104, along with IC
270, on 1 Dec 1891 with the 29-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His
position matches
******************************
02 57 10.8 +02 46 30; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x0.4'; PA = 32°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 375x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~1' in diameter, bright bulging core, fainter extensions, easily picked up at 228x.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 273 = J. 2-574 on 6 Jan 1894
and recorded "pB, lE in PA 235° [SW-NE], 40" long, very small
nucleus." His position is 1'
N of
******************************
03 00 57.3 +44 20 54; Per
Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (12/12/17): IC 275 is a triple system with the two
closer components (
Checking the SDSS at home, my diagram matched PGC 11388 and
PGC 11389, but my third object tuned out to be a mag 15.8 star only 18" NW
of PGC 11389. I apparently missed
Lewis Swift discovered IC 275 = Sw. 8-9 on 31 Oct 1888 and
recorded "eeeF; pS; R; F * nr p; D * nr sp; bet. 2 st.; f of 2 [with IC
274]." His position matches V
Zw 309, a triple system, with the brighter two components forming a 15"
pair oriented N-S. Although the
three components are listed in the PGC (from
******************************
02 58 41.1 -15 42 11; Eri
V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 60°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly bright, moderately large, edge-on 4:1 SW-NE with a slightly bulging center and very thin extensions, ~1.0'x0.25', high surface brightness core. A string of stars extends NE with a mag 10.7 star 12' NE.
IC 276 is a member of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 276 = J. 2-575 on 14 Dec 1892. His position is good.
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02 59 59.6 +02 46 17; Cet
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 45°
24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 36"x24", very small brighter core.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 277 = J. 2-576 on 6 Jan 1894 and recorded "pB, R, 40" diameter, Nucl = 12.5, a little mottled."
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03 01 30.4 +37 45 58; Per
V = 13.2; Size 1.7'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.3
24" (1/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, round, 25"-30" diameter. A mag 13.8 star is at the west edge
of the halo. The larger, very low
surface brightness outer halo wasn't noticed. A mag 11 star is 1.6' NW. Located 27' SE of the mag 6.1 star
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 278 on 13 Sep 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His position was accurate.
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03 01 12.2 +16 12 33; Ari
Size 0.7'x0.45'; PA = 165°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, small, irregularly
round, 15"-20" diameter, occasional very faint stellar nucleus.
Located 9' SW of mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 279 = J. 2-577 on 29 Dec
1893. His position is off the
north side of
******************************
03 04 37.1 +42 21 46; Per
V = 14.5; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 281 = Sw. 8-11 on 1 Nov 1888 and
recorded "eeeF; vS; * close n; 1175 nr." His position falls between
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03 06 13.3 +41 50 56; Per
V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 120°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 282 = Sw. 8-12 on 27 Oct 1888 and reported "eF; S; R; bet. 2 nr. st." There is nothing at Swift's position but 1 minute of RA further east is NGC 1198, discovered by Stephan in 1880, and his description applies to this galaxy. Because of the discrepancy in positions, Dreyer probably assumed IC 282 and NGC 1198 were different objects. Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson agree IC 282 = NGC 1198. This galaxy is identified as NGC 1198 only in all sources except NED, which equates the numbers.
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03 03 50.5 -00 12 16; Cet
V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 5°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; between faint and
fairly faint, slightly elongated N-S, low and nearly even surface brightness,
25"-30" diameter.
Located ~1° NW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 283 = J. 1-105 on 4 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
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03 06 10.2 +42 22 18; Per
V = 11.5; Size 4.1'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 13°
24" (1/25/14): at 200x and 375x appeared moderately
bright, large, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, at least 3'x1.5', weak concentration to a
brighter core. Two mag 15 stars
are superimposed on the east edge of the core.
NED has no distance info on V Zw 319, though there is no indication of interaction on the SDSS and an arm from IC 284 is silhouetted on V Zw 319, indicating it may be a background object.
17.5" (10/24/87): faint, moderately large, diffuse, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, gradually increases to a small bright core. A mag 11 double at 16" separation is 2.5' NW. Located 18' E of NGC 1175.
Édouard Stephan probably discovered IC 284 = Sw. 8-13 on 3 Nov 1877 and indicated it as new in his notebook. His rough position was 5.5' too far east, though, adding some uncertainty to the identification. Stephan never published the discovery.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 284 again on 27 Oct 1888. He included it in his 8th discovery list (#13) with description, "eeF, pL, lE, D * np, bet 2 st". His RA was 12 seconds too small but the comment "double star north-preceding" confirms the identity.
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03 04 06.2 -12 00 56; Eri
Size 1.1'x0.2'; PA = 117°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated at least 2:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness,
~40"x18". Located 3.2'
SE of
17.5" (10/20/90): very faint, small, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, very low even surface brightness. Last of four in the NGC 1200 compact group (USGC S110) with NGC 1200 3' WNW.
Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 285 = J. 2-578 on 7 Dec 1885,
during an observation of NGC 1200 with the Great Melbourne Telescope. He commented "almost as faint as
[
Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 285 = J. 2-578 on 7 Dec 1893 while viewing NGC 1195, 1196 and 1200. As Baracchi's discovery was never published, Javelle received credit in the IC.
******************************
03 04 57.8 -12 04 14; Eri
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 9°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20", small slightly brighter core
region. This galaxy was
surprisingly easy with B magnitude of 15.4. Located 16' ESE of NGC 1200 in a group (USGC S110). A mag 10.8 star is 2.2' E and a mag 8.6
star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 287 = J. 2-579 on 7 Dec
1893. His position was accurate,
though since this galaxy was not included in the PGC, the IC designation is not
attached to
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IC 288 = UGC 2544 = MCG +07-07-027 = CGCG 540-043 = LGG 088-001 = PGC 11702
03 07 32.9 +42 23 15; Per
V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 42°
24" (1/31/14): moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.2', sharply concentrated with a very small bright core. IC 284 lies 15' W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 288 = Sw. 8-14 on 31 Oct 1888 with
the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory and recorded "vF, vS, R,
2 pB st nf point to it, r[esolution] suspected". His position is 1.6' SW of
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03 10 19.2 +61 19 01; Cas
V = 13.5; Size 42"x28"
48" (10/27/16): at 610x unfiltered; bright, fairly large, slightly elongated NW-SE. Annular with an irregularly brighter rim that is brightest on the northwest side. The northern end is slightly brighter in general (less than a 90° arc). A faint central star was visible most of the time. We didn't look for the outer halo at lower power. IC 289 resides in a rich star 1.8' NNW of a mag 10.1 star.
48" (10/25/14): at 375x unfiltered; fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.6'x0.5'. Weakly annular with a slightly brighter rim and irregularly lit darker center that contains a very faint central star. A thin, very low surface brightness outer halo is more elongated along the minor axis, creating a roughly circular halo.
18" (11/13/07): at 300x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~35"x30" with an irregular surface brightness. The rim was very slightly brighter than the interior with a strong impression of irregularities. The rim sometimes appeared slightly brighter along the north side or contained a very faint stellar knot. At 450x, there was an occasional faint sparkle in the interior, but I was uncertain if it was the central star. Located 1.8' N of a mag 10 star. A mag 14 star lies just 45" NE.
17.5" (1/16/02): at 140x, IC 289 was seen as a fairly faint, 35" to 40" disc with a modest contrast gain using a UHC filter. Situated 2' N of a mag 10 star and near the tip of two curving strings of stars which head north and NW from IC 289. Excellent view at 380x - the planetary is slightly elongated and has a mottled appearance with a marginally brighter rim, particularly on the W or NW side, giving an impression of weak annularity. At moments, there was a brief sparkle at the center, possibly the central star. A mag 14 star is 45" NE of center and a mag 13 star lies 1.3' following.
13.1" (12/7/85): at 79x and OIII filter appears faint, small, round. At 166x and UHC filter can just hold steadily with averted vision, fairly small, almost round.
8": at 100x and UHC filter this planetary was very faint, very small. Situated near the tip of two converging rows of mag 10-12 stars. I made several difficult positive sightings with the C8 under poor transparency in El Cerrito!
Lewis Swift discovered IC 289 = Sw. 8-15 on 2 Sep 1888 and recorded "pB; pL; R; bet 2 vF st."
Hubble first classified IC 289 as a PN based on objective
prism images taken with a 10-inch Cooke lens. His 1921 paper "Twelve New Planetary Nebulae"
(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1921PASP...33..174H) includes a half-dozen
other known nebulae (
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03 09 42.7 +40 58 27; Per
V = 14.6; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 131°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small,
elongated ~5:2 NW-SE, ~25"x10", low nearly even surface
brightness. Located 17' E of Algol
and 2.8' NNW of mag 8.7
18" (11/22/03): very faint, very small, appears as a
tiny elongated streak, ~25"x8".
Located 5' N of IC 1883 (= NGC 1212) and 2.8' NNW of mag 8.7 SAO 38614
at the west side of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 290 = Sw. 8-16, along with
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03 07 26.5 -12 35 15; Eri
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; PA = 90°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint,
elongated 5:2 ~E-W, ~45"x20", slight central condensation. Mag 9.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 291 = J. 1-106 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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IC 292 = IC 1887 = UGC 2567 = MCG +07-07-030 = CGCG 540-049 = PGC 11846
03 10 12.9 +40 45 56; Per
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 75°
18" (11/22/03): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1
WSW-ENE, 0.9'x0.4', very weak concentration. Located 2.4' S of a mag 10 star at the west edge of AGC
426.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 292 = Sw. 8-17, along with
******************************
IC 293 = IC 1888 = MCG +07-07-031 = CGCG 540-053 = LGG 087-006 = PGC 11873
03 10 56.2 +41 08 14; Per
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 90°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 20"
diameter, broad and weak concentration.
Situated in a rich star field 6' SW of mag 8.1
Lewis Swift discovered IC 293 = Sw. 8-18, along with IC 292,
on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; S; R; in finder field with
Algol." His position is less
than 1' W of
******************************
03 11 03.1 +40 37 20; Per
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x1.0'; PA = 106°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 24"x18", weak concentration. Three similar stars are near; a mag 14.5 star is 0.6' NW, a mag 14 star is 1.4' WNW and another mag 14 star is 1.1' WSW. IC 292 lies 13' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 294 = Sw. 8-19, along with IC 290,
292, 293 and 295, on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; iR; in finder field
with Algol." Barnard
independently found this galaxy (along with IC 292 and 293) while sweeping near
Algol on 23 Nov 1888 and noted "faint, moderately size, follows several
stars." Barnard send the
discovery notice directly to Dreyer at some point resulting in the designation
Swift placed
******************************
IC 296 = IC 294 = IC 1889 = UGC 2574 = MCG +07-07-033 = LGG 088-012 = PGC 11878
03 11 03.1 +40 37 20; Per
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x1.0'; PA = 106°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 24"x18", weak concentration. Three similar stars are near; a mag 14.5 star is 0.6' NW, a mag 14 star is 1.4' WNW and another mag 14 star is 1.1' WSW. IC 292 lies 13' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 296 = Sw. 8-21 on 14 Sep 1888 and
described as "eF, pS, irr R, F D * p." His position is a good match with
******************************
03 11 18.9 +01 18 53; Cet
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 126°
48" (10/23/11): at 488x both components of this ring
system were easily resolved. The
eastern "collider" component (identified as
18" (1/26/09): at 285x appeared very faint and small,
elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~18"x9", low even surface brightness. Located 3' NW of mag 9.3 SAO
111034. This is a remarkable pair
of disrupted galaxies (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 298 = J. 2-580 on 29 Dec 1893
and recorded "Small, nearly round, 1 'in diameter. It looks like the nebula
covers two very small bright spots."
Based on his description, it appears Javelle saw both components
described in my observation. MCG
appears to misidentify IC 298 as
******************************
03 11 02.6 -13 06 35; Eri
Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 175°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, small,
round, compact well defined 20" halo. A mag 14.3 star is within 1' ESE and mag 9.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 299 = J. 1-107 on 13 Oct 1891
and recorded "vF, vS, R, slightly brighter middle." His position is accurate although
HyperLeda doesn't recognize
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03 14 16.0 +42 24 55; Per
V = 14.8; Size 0.55'x0.55'
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round,
~15" diameter [core of the galaxy], nearly even surface brightness. This member of AGC 426 is situated 9'
SW of mag 6.1
Alternate identification of IC 300:
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small,
round, 20" diameter, stellar nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is barely off the SW side [30" from
center]. Located 11' NE of mag 6.2
Lewis Swift discovered IC 300 = Sw. 8-23 on 15 Sep 1888 and
recorded "eF; S; R; 8 mag * in field sp; p of 2 [with IC 301]." There is nothing at his position but
2.5' SE is
I noticed that if Swift recorded or transcribed his RA by 1 minute too large, then his position would correspond with UGC 2590. And there is a bright star to the southwest as Swift described, though HD 19736 (11' SW) is 6th magnitude, so a couple of magnitudes brighter than Swift guesstimated.
******************************
IC 301 = UGC 2606 = MCG +07-07-036 = CGCG 540-063 = PGC 12074
03 14 47.7 +42 13 22; Per
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.1'
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, contains a small brighter core and very small nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is on the NW end. Located 1.2° NW of NGC 1275 in AGC 426.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 301 = Sw. 8-23, along with IC 300,
on 15 Sep 1888 and recorded "eF; pS; R; f of 2 [with IC 300]." His position is just 1.2' WNW of
******************************
03 12 51.3 +04 42 25; Cet
V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 21°
24" (12/1/16): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, 0.8' diameter, fairly low nearly even surface brightness. No distinct core, but occasionally a faint stellar nucleus seen.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 302 = J. 2-581 on 15 Dec 1892 and described "pretty faint, pretty small, round, 40" diameter, stellar nucleus."
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03 12 40.9 -11 41 24; Eri
Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 47°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; very faint, fairly small,
round, 15"-20" diameter, diffuse, cannot hold steadily. A mag 14.5
star is 1.5' SE and a mag 9 star (
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; extremely faint, small, round, 15" diameter. Required knowing the precise position to glimpse (5' E of a mag 10.8 star and 5.4' SE of mag 9.0 HD 20000). A mag 14.5 star is 1.5' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 303 = J. 2-582, along with IC
306, on 7 Feb 1893. His position
(offsets from
******************************
03 15 01.4 +37 52 55; Per
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 27°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated ~5:3
SSW-NNE, ~25"x15", slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14 star is 30" SE and a mag
13 star is 1.2' SE. Forms a pair
with
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 304, along with IC 305, while searching for double stars on 13 Sep 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The micrometric position (measured by Barnard) is accurate.
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IC 305 = CGCG 525-012 = MCG +06-08-006 = PGC 12083
03 15 03.8 +37 51 36; Per
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 45°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, very small bright nucleus, compact, 15" diameter. Appears brighter (higher surface brightness) than CGCG mag of 15.7 suggests. A mag 13 star is 50" NE. Forms a close pair with IC 304 1.4' NNW.
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 305, along with IC 304, while searching for double stars on 13 Sep 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.
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03 13 00.2 -11 42 56; Eri
Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 80°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely or very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", low surface brightness. Required avarted vision and only visible for a couple of seconds at a time. IC 303 is 4' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 306 = J. 2-583, along with IC 303, on 7 Feb 1893. Both positions are slightly offset to the southwest of the respective galaxies.
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03 13 45.2 -00 14 29; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.7'x0.75'; PA = 70°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x and 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, bright core, 45"x15", very low surface brightness outer halo with averted vision. increases diameter to ~1'.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 307 = J. 1-108 on 4 Dec 1891.
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03 16 15.8 +41 10 51; Per
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 3°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, small,
round, very small brighter nucleus with a diffuse 20" halo. A mag 14.6
star is at the south edge.
Situated in a rich star field on the southwest side of the Perseus
Galaxy Cluster (AGC 426), ~45' WSW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 308 = Sw. 8-25 on 11 Sep 1888 and
recorded "eF; pS; iR; resolvability suspected." His position is at the east edge of UGC
2619. Neither UGC, PGC nor
HyperLeda label
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03 16 06.3 +40 48 16; Per
V = 13.5; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, round, even surface
brightness. Situated between two
mag 12 stars 1' NW and 1.4' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 309 = Sw. 8-26 on 11 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; bet 2 st."
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03 16 43.1 +41 19 29; Per
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (2/15/18): at 375x fairly bright, moderately large,
round, ~45" diameter, strong concentration with a bright core that
increases to an intense quasi-stellar nucleus. Located at the southwest end of the mainline of AGC
426.
17.5" (12/19/87): moderately bright, fairly small, round, bright core, faint stellar nucleus. Forms a pair with UGC 2626 3.7' NE. Member of AGC 426.
17.5" (12/3/88): fairly faint, fairly small, round, small bright core.
Edward Swift, Lewis' 17 year-old son, discovered IC 310 =
Sw. 8-28 on 3 Nov 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; R; [NGC] 1259, 1260 in
field." The position matches
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03 16 46.7 +40 00 13; Per
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 114°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. A faint star (mag ~14.5) is attached at the SW edge. Situated in a rich star field on a line between a mag 10.6 star 3.8' WSW and a mag 9.5 star (HD 275082) 6' ENE. This galaxy is probably an outlying member of AGC 426 (1.6° S of the center of the cluster) and has an unusual double dust lane on the SDSS image!
STF 369, an attractive mag 6.7/8.0 pair at 3", lies 29' N. The stars have a subtle color contrast with a very pale orange primary and a blue-white secondary.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 311 = Sw. 8-27 on 10 Oct 1888 and
reported "eF, pS, irregularly round, bet 2 st, vF * v. close f." His RA is 7 seconds too small, but the
description is a perfect match with
******************************
03 18 08.4 +41 45 16; Per
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 125°
24" (1/28/17): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly
small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.4', small bright core.
17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, oval NW-SE. A mag 13 star is 1.2' E of center. Forms a pair with PGC 12288 1.9' SE within AGC 426. The companion appeared very faint, very small, elongated SW-NE. A mag 15 star is just off the NE edge.
17.5" (8/12/88): faint, small, elongated NW-SE, brighter core.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 312 = Sw. 8-29 on 3 Nov 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 stars." His position is accurate though MCG doesn't identify MCG +07-07-051 as IC 312.
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03 20 58.1 +41 53 38; Per
V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 42°
24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, small, round, 24"
diameter, slightly brighter nucleus.
A double star 14.5/14.5 (separation ~6") is 30" SE, just off
the southeast edge. A superimposed
star barely south of the nucleus was not noticed.
17.5" (1/7/89): very faint, very small, almost round. A mag 14 star (close double) is off the southeast edge 30" from center. Forms a pair with IC 316 4.5' NE within AGC 426.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 313 = Sw. 8-33, along with IC 316, on 14 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeF; vS; R; e close D * v near south."
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03 18 49.8 -01 58 24; Eri
V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 100°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 314 = Big. 140 on 14 Dec 1887. His position matches UGC 2666 = PGC 12342. This galaxy was discovered by Lewis Swift on 1 Sep 1886 and described as "vF; S; R; 4 st following in a row.", but his RA was off by 11 seconds. Howe measured an accurate micrometric position for NGC 1289 and reported "the "4 st following" are of about mag 10, and are not close together, the farthest being perhaps 10' from the nebula." It's clear that IC 314 = NGC 1289, although Dreyer didn't make the connection.
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03 19 09.3 +04 02 19; Cet
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 45°
24" (1/23/22): at 260x; very faint, elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.2', very low and nearly even surface brightness. A 7" pair (BAL 2114) of mag 9.6/10 stars lies 6' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 315 = J. 2-584 on 11 Jan 1894.
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IC 316 = UGC 2688 = MCG +07-07-074 = CGCG 540-112 = PGC 12576 +12578
03 21 19.9 +41 55 50; Per
V = 14.1; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 64°
24" (2/7/16): IC 316 is a spectacular interacting/merging pair of spiral galaxies with the nuclei of the two galaxies separated by only 11". The close duo is embedded in a irregular common halo about 1' across. At 226x, a single fairly faint glow was seen, slightly elongated ~N-S, ~25" diameter. At 452x (10mm ZAO + 2x Powermate), I immediately noticed a nearly stellar nucleus [of the northern face-on spiral] offset near the north edge creating an unusual appearance. Often a very faint "spike" [the southern edge-on spiral] was seen close south of the stellar nucleus, angling towards the southeast, ~15"x5".
17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, oval ~N-S, weak concentration. Located 5' ENE of IC 313 in AGC 426. A companion is superimposed 0.2' S, but the merged systems were not resolved.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 316 = Sw. 8-34, along with IC 313, on 14 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R." So, Swift did not resolve the two nuclei.
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03 18 55.5 -12 44 25; Eri
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 49°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.5', weakly enhanced central region. A 12" pair of mag 15/15.5 star is 1' SW and a mag 14.3 star is 2' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 317 = J. 1-109 on 2 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
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03 20 43.8 -14 34 06; Eri
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 134°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, moderate surface brightness, slightly brighter core, 45"x18".
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 318 = J. 1-110 on 1 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
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03 25 59.2 +40 47 20; Per
V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x1.0'; PA = 48°
24" (12/20/17): at 225x and 375x; faint, small,
slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 20"x15" (core region only), faint stellar
nucleus. A very faint star [mag
15.3] is superimposed on the SW side that is similar in brightness to the
nucleus, and a brighter mag 14.5 star is off the WNW edge [27" from
center].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 320 = Sw. 8-35 on 14 Sep 1888 and
recorded "eF; pS; R; vF * close p." His position is just off the west edge of
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03 24 30.0 -14 59 07; Eri
Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 25" diameter, very small bright core. This is a relatively easy IC galaxy and was seen immediately
and visible continuously. Several
mag 12 and fainter stars are to the N and NE and mag 8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 321 = J. 1-111 on 7 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
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03 26 00.5 +03 40 50; Tau
V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, round, ~25" diameter, irregular surface brightness, very slightly brighter core. A mag 13 star is just over 1' W. A group of 5 stars mag 11-13 in a trapezoidal configuration is ~6' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 322 = J. 2-585 on 15 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
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03 26 28.3 -21 21 19; Eri
V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 324 on 3 Dec 1888. His position matches
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03 30 48.9 -07 02 48; Eri
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, diffuse, round,
25"-30" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 3' E. Located 23' SE
of mag 6.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 325 = J. 1-112 on 28 Jan 1892
and recorded "very faint, round, 20" diameter with very little
central condensation." His
position is accurate. HyperLeda
doesn't identify
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03 30 36.6 -14 25 32; Eri
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 101°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated E-W, 0.6' diameter, weak but even concentration to a
slightly brighter core and occasional stellar nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 326 = J. 1-113 on 1 Dec 1891 and recorded "very faint, fairly large, elongated in the meridian (N-S)." His position is accurate.
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03 31 10.0 -14 41 32; Eri
V = 14.5; Size 0.75'x0.45'; PA = 58°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; extremely faint, small, ~0.3' diameter, required averted and only occasionally glimpsed but confirmed. Located 3.3' S of IC 328.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 327 = J. 2-586 on 12 Dec 1892 and recorded "eF, vS, poorly defined, v difficult." His position is fairly accurate. A noted was added "distinct from nebula 113 [IC 326] and 114 [IC 328] in the first catalogue."
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IC 328 = MCG -03-09-051 = PGC 13063
03 31 11.0 -14 38 16; Eri
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 16°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, diffuse, nearly even surface brightness. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with two mag 13/14 stars 2' NNE and 2' NE. IC 326 lies 15' NW and difficult IC 327 is 3' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 328 = J. 1-114 on 10 Dec 1892 and recorded "very faint, very small, roughly round, at least 10" diameter." Nearby IC 327 was discovered 2 nights later.
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03 32 01.4 +00 16 46; Tau
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 63°
24" (12/1/16): at 225x; First in an trio with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 329 = J. 1-115, along with IC 330 and IC 331, on 4 Dec 1891. He reported "faint, very small, round, with slight condensation."
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IC 330 = MCG +00-10-002 = CGCG 391-004 = WBL 102-002 = PGC 13117
03 32 08.0 +00 21 12; Tau
V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 78°
24" (12/1/16): at 225x; fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 30"x10", small brighter core. A mag 11.8 star is 1.4' NNE. Situated 3.9' N of mag 8.3 HD 21926 in a trio with IC 329 and IC 330. These two galaxies lie ~2' W and 2.5' E of the bright star, respectively, so the trio has a striking arrangement with IC 330 forming the northern vertex of an isosceles triangle.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 330 = J. 1-116, along with IC 329 and IC 331, on 4 Dec 1891. He reported "faint, roughly round, 15" diameter, slightly brighter center."
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IC 331 = MCG +00-10-003 = CGCG 391-005 = WBL 102-003 = PGC 13119
03 32 19.1 +00 16 57; Tau
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (12/1/16): at 225x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, very small bright nucleus.
IC 331 lies 2.6' E of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 331 = J. 2-117, along with IC 329 and IC 330, on 4 Dec 1891. He reported "mag 13 star surrounded by nebulosity, nebulous character uncertain."
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03 32 37.4 +01 22 57; Tau
V = 13.7; Size 0.95'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 43°
24" (2/24/20): at 260x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" (core region), very low surface brightness halo ~0.6'x0.4' SW-NE. A mag 10.7 star is 4.4' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 332 = J. 2-587 on 29 Dec 1893 and reported "F, vS, R, 20" diameter. Like a faint star surrounded by nebulosity."
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03 45 16.9 +76 38 17; Cam
V = 11.3; Size 2.5'x1.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 58°
17.5" (1/9/99): surprisingly bright for an IC galaxy! The center is sharply concentrated with a bright 1' core and a much fainter irregular halo at least 2.5' in diameter. A faint star is superimposed at the south side of the core. Situated in a starry field with several mag 12/13 stars within a few arc minutes.
William Denning discovered IC 334 on 30 Sep 1891 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. He called it "tolerably bright, pretty small" and noted "an extremely faint star involved on the S. side of the nebula. The latter is fairly conspicuous with a power of 60, and much brighter in the middle."
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03 35 31.0 -34 26 49; For
V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 84°
18" (1/21/04): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated ~E-W, 1.5'x0.4', slightly brighter core, tapering extensions (spindle-shaped). Located 7.5' E of a mag 11.5 star. This is one of the brighter non-NGC galaxies in the Fornax I cluster.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 335 = Sw. 7-8 on 15 Oct 1887 and
recorded "pF pS; eE; east and west." His position is 30 seconds of RA west of
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03 37 38.1 +03 07 08; Tau
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 175°
24" (1/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, round,
25" diameter, low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 2.5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 338 = J. 2-558 on 13 Oct 1891. His description reads "vF, S, nearly round, 30" diameter, without condensation, very faint star near."
The CGCG incorrectly identifies
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03 39 29.1 -13 06 54; Eri
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 90°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 E-W, ~0.6'x0.2', nearly even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is superimposed on the east side, which I initially thought was a stellar nucleus. A triangle of mag 13-13.5 stars of close SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 340 = J. 1-118 on 13 Oct 1891 and recorded "faint, elongated E-W, 45" long, ends at a 14th mag star." His position is accurate.
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03 46 48.6 +68 05 47; Cam
V = 8.4; Size 21.4'x20.9'; Surf Br = 14.9
24" (3/21/20): at 124x and 200x; this obscured galaxy contained a very bright 30" nucleus that gradually increased to a sharp stellar point. The nucleus was surrounded by a fairly faint core/central region with a diameter of at least 1'. A 12th mag star is just 1' N of the nucleus. This star is the middle of 3 nearly in a line with a mag 12 star 2' E and a mag 11 star 2.5' WSW. A very diffuse halo of low but irregular surface brightness extends ~15', best viewed at 124x. A distinctive string of 6 stars oriented NW-SE cuts across the halo to the southwest of the nucleus. Spiral arm structure was very subtle and only seen in patches or sections, one on the north side, roughly 5' from the core.
17.5" (12/16/95): very unusual galaxy, appears as a very faint, very large glow surrounding a 1' high surface brightness core that increases to a bright stellar nucleus. The irregular halo is difficult to trace but extends to ~10' diameter with a number of superimposed stars including a striking 6' string of six mag 10.5-12.5 stars oriented NW-SE on the southwest side of the halo. No arm structure was seen. The core forms a small triangle with two similar superimposed mag 11 stars 1.0' N and 2.0' NE. Situated just 10.6° above the galactic plane and suffers from significant dust obscuration.
13.1" (1/18/85): at 144x the nucleus is prominent as a mag 12 "fuzzy" star. At this power the outer halo disappears.
8" (3/21/20): the small core/nucleus was very noticeable, as well as a very large, roundish outer halo ~15' diameter with a diaphanous appearance. The halo seemed to fill in the gaps between the numerous surrounding stars.
8" (10/31/81 and 11/28/81): very faint, large, very diffuse outer halo, very small prominent 12th magnitude nucleus. A line of three stars is superimposed.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 342 on 11 Aug 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He sketched it at 150x as well as 500x and noted, "with 500x it is quite a bright object, 1/2' dia and quite [?], mbM, not cometary. Object 1' S of this star [shown on sketch] and following 3 or 4 seconds." His rough position and sketch (showing the superimposed linear strings of stars) is an excellent match.
William Denning independently discovered IC 342 on 19 Aug 1892 while comet hunting with his 10-inch reflector. The discovery was announced in a short note, "New nebula", Astronomy and Astro-Physics, 12, 189 (1893). He called it "rather faint, with nucleus about 12th magnitude, and very small, but it was sufficiently conspicuous to be discovered with a power of 40 only on my 10-inch reflector." As Barnard never published his discovery or informed Dreyer, Denning was credited with the discovery in the IC.
Hubble and Seyfert announced "A Spiral Nebula of
Unusually Large Dimensions" (Harvard College Observatory Bulletin #899,
pp.16-17) with a diameter of 20' on photographs and they compared it to M33 and
Hubble and Humason (1934), first recognized this object as a
spiral galaxy and suggested it was possibly a Local Group member (heavily
reddened) based on its recessional velocity, though it was later shown to be
too distant. IC 342 is one of the
brightest members of the IC 342/Maffei Group that includes
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03 40 07.1 -18 26 37; Eri
V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 118°
17.5" (12/11/99): faint, small, elongated 3:2 E-W,
30"x20". Situated
between two mag 13 stars 1.6' E and 2.0' SW of center. Located 8' N of
Frank Muller discovered IC 343 = LM(S) 160 on 14 Oct 1887
and noted "lE 90°, dif." with a diameter of 0.3'. His micrometric position in the 1893
catalogue of "Southern Nebulae" (#160) matches
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03 41 29.5 -04 39 58; Eri
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 42°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; between faint and
fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, 30" diameter, diffuse, low even
surface brightness. Located 7' WNW
of
13.1" (12/7/85): first of three on a line with NGC 1417
and
John Herschel discovered IC 344 = h305 = LM(S) 163 = Sw.
9-13 on 17 Oct 1827 and simply recorded "the first of 3 [with H. II-455
and H. II-456]". His position
matches
Lewis Swift independently found this galaxy on 23 Dec 1889 and reported Sw. 9-13 as "eeF; pL; R; passed in line with 1417-18; cometary; unable to refind it; seeing good. Failed also at Harvard College Observatory [during a visit]." Swift published a note in AN 126, 225 that "in description of nebula no. 13 for "passed" read "1st of 3". Calling attention to apparently so trivial a matter may seen unimportant, but it has more significance than at first sight appears, as I strongly suspect it to have been a comet, as at two subsequent examinations it could not be found. It was in in line with NGC 1417 and 1418 and all three were seen simultaneously." Swift gave an even more detailed review of this object in Astronomy and Astro-Physics (formerly Popular Astronomy, 11 (1892), so he clearly put a lot of effort and time on it. Frank Muller also found IC 344 in late 1887 while measuring positions for NGC 1417 and 1418. He described it as "round, diffuse" and gave a diameter of 1.0'. Dreyer credited both Herschel (h305) and Swift in the IC. Sherburne Burnham measured IC 344 (Publ of Lick Observatory, II) and correctly sorted out the confusion with JH's observation.
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03 41 09.1 -18 18 51; Eri
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 37°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; faint, very small, round,
18" diameter, compact appearance.
Located 21' NE of NGC 1407 (brightest member of a group).
Ormond Stone discovered IC 345 = LM(S) 168 on 22 Oct
1887. The discovery was listed as
#168 in the Leander-McCormick Observatory catalogue of Southern Nebulae (1893).
His micrometric measurements (3 observations) matches
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IC 346 = ESO 548-078 = MCG -03-10-035 = PGC 13575
03 41 44.7 -18 16 01; Eri
V = 12.6; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 69°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, contains a very small brighter nucleus surrounded by a 30" core and a very low surface brightness halo that was ill defined, but up to 1' in diameter. IC 345 lies 9' WSW.
Frank Muller discovered IC 346 = LM(S) 171 = Sw. XI-60 on 21
Oct 1887 at the Leander McCormick Observatory. His position matches
Herbert Howe suggested Muller's object was identical to Sw. 11-60 and Dreyer made the following note in the IC 2: "The place and description should be 03 35 26, 108° 43.0', eF, pL, E 80°, dif (my mistake). Is no doubt identical with Sw. XI 60; 03 35 13, 108° 39.8'." Dreyer gave no explanation of how the mistake was made, but perhaps he had meant to use Muller's observation instead or he noticed that Swift's observation closely matched Muller's. In any case, Dreyer's corrected position matches object #171 in the Leander-McCormick Southern Nebulae catalogue. Harold Corwin suggests that Stone's erroneous position for #151 may be due to a misidentified offset star.
Both Malcolm Thomson and Wolfgang Steinicke conclude that IC 346 should be classed as nonexistent based on the original IC data, leaving ESO 548-078 without an IC designation. See Courtney Seligman's analysis for more on this confusing situation.
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03 42 32.6 -04 17 55; Eri
V = 12.7; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 40°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 45" diameter, sharply concentrated with a bright small core that increases to the center. A mag 9.8 star is 5' SE.
13.1" (12/7/85): fairly faint, small, almost round, stellar nucleus. Surprisingly bright for an IC galaxy. Located 26' N of NGC 1418 in the NGC 1417 group.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 347 = Sw. 9-14 on 25 Dec 1889 and recorded "eF; vS; R; stellar."
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03 44 36 +32 10; Per
V = 7.3; Size 10'x10'
17.5" (12/16/95): IC 348 is an unusual object
consisting of a scattered group of stars with associated nebulosity (
Truman Safford discovered IC 348 = Sf. 70 on 1 Dec 1866 and
recorded "vL, pB, very gradually brighter middle." He added the footnote "a loose
cluster with nebula" and his position is accurate. E.E. Barnard independently discovered
the nebulosity near Omicron Persei (though not a cluster) on a plate taken 6
Dec 1893 at Lick Observatory and Dreyer catalogued it again as
The Lynga position for the scattered cluster is about 8' too far north and this error is repeated in the Sky Catalogue 2000.
******************************
03 46 20.1 +23 56 23; Tau
Size 0.5'
48" (10/31/13): IC 349 is a reflection knot just 36" SSE of Merope. We used 813x and carefully placed Merope barely outside the north edge of the field. The orientation was easy to judge using two 15th magnitude stars 1.8' S and 1.8' SSW of Merope and the elongated glow fell between the diffraction spikes. Despite the glare from Merope making the observation much more difficult, I was surprised this small reflection nebula was fairly bright and elongated (roughly pointing south from Merope) with a straighter western edge, perhaps 20"x10" in size.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 349, a fan-shaped knot of nebulosity just 0.6' SSE of Merope, visually on 14 Nov 1890 using the Lick 36" refractor. It was announced in a discovery note in AN 3018. "On Nov. 14 while examining the cluster, I discovered a new and comparatively bright round cometary nebula close south and following Merope, every precaution was taken to prove that it was not a ghost of Merope by examining the other stars of the group under the same conditions. I have since seen it several times and on Dec. 8th I could see it with some difficulty in the 12-inch by occulting Merope with a wire in the eyepiece. With the great telescope the nebula can be seen fairly well with Merope in the field and is conspicuous when the star is placed just outside the north edge of the field. It is about 30" in diameter, of the 13th mag, gradually brighter in the middle, and very cometary in appearance. It was examined with powers of 300, 520 and 1500, with all of which it was comparatively easy."
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03 44 36.6 -11 48 03; Eri
Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 175°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; pretty faint, round,
diffuse, low even surface brightness (no core or zones), 40"
diameter. View affected by mag 9.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 350 = J. 1-119 on 14 Oct 1891 and recorded "faint, round, 30" diameter, very diffuse." His position is accurate.
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03 47 33.0 +35 02 49; Per
V = 11.9; Size 8"x6"; PA = 10°
17.5" (3/1/03): swept up at 100x as a fuzzy mag 12
"star". Nice view at
380x, which reveals a moderate surface brightness 7" disk. Fairly evenly illuminated but the halo
has a slightly irregular surface brightness. A mag 15 star is 20" WNW of center with a slightly
fainter star further north.
Located 3.4' NW of mag 9.5
17.5" (1/8/00): picked up at 100x as an out of focus mag 11 "star". At 220x, this high surface brightness PN was clearly nonstellar and slightly oval with a hint of a sparkle (central star) at the center. At 500x, appeared as a small, well-defined disc, elongated 4:3 SW-NE with dimensions ~7"x5". The quasi-stellar center was brighter with a small, fainter halo that seemed irregular. A couple of faint stars are close west and north. Located 3.5' NW of a distinctive trio of mag 10/11/13 stars.
8" (12/4/80): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE. A wide trio of stars is about 3.5' SE consisting of mag 9 SAO 56707, a mag 10.5 star and a mag 12.5 star (separations of 32", 36" and 58").
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 351 on 5 Dec 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory, while examining the region near Comet Zona. He estimated a diameter of 4.6" and a magnitude of 10.5-11. Sherburne Burnham measured a diameter of 10".
Based on a Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) described, "central star can be made out and is perhaps as bright as mag 14. The nebula shows a minute elliptical disk, which is 8"x6" in PA 10° in a 5 minute exposure. An elongated brighter patch is in the center."
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03 47 37.4 -08 43 55; Eri
Size 0.65'x0.4'; PA = 119°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; faint, fairly small, fairly
diffuse, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 25" diameter. Mag 9.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 352 = J. 2-589 on 7 Dec 1893. His position matches LEDA 176624, although HyperLeda doesn't associate this number with IC 352.
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03 53 46.3 +19 58 26; Tau
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 161°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, ~25"x15", low surface brightness. No brighter stars within 12' of the galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 355 = J. 2-590 on 15 Dec 1892 and noted "vF, S, R, 30" diameter, diffuse." He discovered it again on 15 Jan 1904 and included it as J. 1506 in his unpublished 4th list.
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IC 356 = Arp 213 = UGC 2953 = MCG +12-04-011 = PGC 14508
04 07 46.5 +69 48 45; Cam
V = 10.5; Size 5.2'x3.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 90°
48" (2/18/12): bright, large, oval 3:2 E-W, 3.0'x2.0',
large brighter core. There appears
to be a very slightly brighter streak extending from the core to the southwest. Several stars are superimposed on the
halo.
17.5" (11/2/91): moderately bright, fairly large,
elongated 3:2 E-W, 2.25'x1.5'.
Contains a large brighter core 30" diameter with a fairly faint
stellar nucleus. A mag 14 star is
embedded in the NE portion of halo.
Located 3.5' S of mag 8.6
8" (11/28/81): very faint, round, diffuse, even surface brightness. Located south of a mag 9 star.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 356 on 23 Aug 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His simple eyepiece sketch clearly identifies the neighboring stars. Barnard didn't publish his discovery until 1892 (AN 3097) in response to an independent discovery by William Denning on 7 Nov 1890 (Observatory, 15, 104 (1892)). Barnard's article was titled "Two Probably Variable Nebulae". In the article he mentions "from its brightness it is not possible that it has been so conspicuous for any great length of time, or it would surely have been found by Swift and others."
Both Barnard and Denning are credited in the IC. Denning was a bit peeved about Barnard's late discovery note and wrote "Mr. Barnard claims to have discovered [IC 356] in August 1889 whereas I did not pick it up until Nov 1890. While admitting this claim, I would venture to remark that anyone who makes a discovery ought to be prompt in announcing it, as a delay of several years is very likely to cause misconception and unnecessary trouble to others. I think that in ordinary cases priority of announcement ought to be accepted as priority of discovery." He also questioned Barnard's claim that the nebula had recent brightened, stating "I have picked up this object many times during the last two years without noticing any change in it other than can be fully accounted for by differences in atmospheric conditions."
But perhaps Barnard wasn't the first to discover this galaxy. Swift claimed (Astro-Physics, Vol XI, 566) an earlier discovery before 1879 based on marking the object on his Burritt's star atlas, though he didn't record or remember any particulars, stating he thought his early discoveries were all known!
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04 03 44.0 +22 09 33; Tau
V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 175°
24" (2/14/15): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, contains a very small brighter core. A mag 12 star lies 1.5' E and two additional stars form an isosceles triangle (sides 2', 2' and 3'). Located 14' WNW of 4.3-magnitude 37 Tauri.
Truman Safford discovered IC 357 = Sf. 73 on 1 Jan 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He reported "F, S, R, Nucl = 13.5m".
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04 03 42.9 +19 53 42; Tau
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 63°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small,
edge-on 4:1 SW-NE, 45"x12", very small brighter nucleus. The extensions are even thinner,
perhaps a width of 6" - 8".
A mag 13.6 star is off the SW end [50" from center]. Mag 8.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 358 = J. 120 on 17 Feb 1892.
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04 12 28.4 +27 42 08; Tau
V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.9
17.5" (3/1/03): easily swept up at 100x. At 280x appears faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration to a slightly brighter core and nucleus. A mag 15 star is just off the WSW edge [26" from center]. A mag 15.5 star is ~1.5' ~1' E (other nearby stars surround the galaxy on the DSS).
This number is incorrectly applied to the reflection nebula GN 04.15.5 = LBN 782 at 04 19.0 +28 17 (2000) in NGC 2000, Lynds, Neckel and Vehrenberg, etc.
Lewis Swift first discovered IC 359 = Sw. 2-29 = Sw. 10-14 on 20 Aug 1885 and reported "vF; pL; R; little brighter in the middle." His position is just 2.7' W (12 seconds of RA) of IC 359. He added a long note: "Resembles a Comet. Moonlight and clouds prevented verification until Sept. 6, when it could not be found. Am certain of its place, and of its configuration with 4 stars. Have examined the place three times and am certain of its absence. Seeing on one occasion as good as when discovered." He also stated in the introduction, "No. 19 [from list I] must therefore be struck out, and with great probability No. 29 of this Catalogue also." As a result, Dreyer didn't assigned Sw. 2-29 an NGC designation.
Swift rediscovered this galaxy on 25 Dec 1891 and recorded
"eeF; pL; R; Not no. 29 cat. 2.
That is still missing."
There is nothing at his position but
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04 18 51 +58 15 00; Cam
V = 11.7; Size 6'
18" (11/26/03): very faint cloud of partially resolved stars, ~4' in diameter. A number of fairly uniform mag 14-15 stars are just resolved over haze, though it's difficult to tally a total. A brighter 7' string of mag 11-12 stars oriented NW-SE passes along the north edge of the cluster.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 361 on 10 Oct 1890 with the 6 1/2" refractor at Lick Observatory. He recorded in his logbook, "In 6 1/2 inch it is apparently a very faint nebula between two or three stars. In 12-inch (175x) it is pL, excessively faint and seems to be an excessively faint cluster or extremely faint stars, with possibly some nebulosity - power too high." His simple sketch shows the cluster on line with two 6th magnitude stars to the southwest and the identity is certain. Barnard never published his discovery or notified Dreyer.
William Denning found it again on 11 Feb 1893 with his 10-inch reflector (see The Observatory, 41, 140). On 14 Sep he logged, "Cluster large and faint. It is really a nebula with minute stars strewn about it. With power 252 the nebulous matter vanishes, but power 40 shows it very conspicuously." Denning was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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04 16 42.4 -12 12 00; Eri
V = 13.2; Size 1.7'x1.1'; PA = 3°
24" (12/1/16): fairly faint to moderately bright, oval 3:2 N-S, 36"x24", brighter core, very small brighter nucleus with direct vision. Lies ~2' N of a pair of a wide pair [40" separation] of mag 13 stars.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 362 = J. 1-121 on 14 Oct 1891 and reported "pretty bright, round, 10" diameter". His position is accurate.
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04 18 55.4 +03 01 59; Tau
Size 0.4'x0.4'
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; similar to
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 363 on 17 Sep 1890 while measuring double stars with the 36" refractor at Lick Observatory. His micrometric offset from a mag 10 star an exact match with this faint galaxy.
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IC 364 = CGCG 392-020 = PGC 14854
04 19 06.7 +03 11 20; Tau
Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 72°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; between faint and
fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, very small brighter
nucleus. A mag 16 star is 40"
W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 364 = J. 2-591 on 6 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.
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IC 365 = MCG +01-11-017 = CGCG 392-021 = PGC 14860
04 19 14.1 +03 20 54; Tau
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 33°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE, 35"x25", well concentrated with a small bright core and a stellar nucleus. IC 364 is 9.5' S and IC 363 is 19' S (collinear). A 24" pair of mag 9/10 star is 6' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 365 = J. 2-592 on 12 Jan 1894.
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04 19 41.5 +02 21 35; Tau
Size 0.35'x0.2'; PA = 20°
24" (12/28/16): at 282x; faint, very small, round,
12" diameter. Closest galaxy
to
24" (12/22/14): faint, small, round, 12" diameter. Located 3.1' SSE of much brighter NGC 1550.
Sherburne Wesley Burnham discovered IC 366 on 6 Oct 1890 with the 36" refractor at Lick Observatory. It was found near NGC 1550 (discovered by d'Arrest) and Burnham noted "That found by d'Arrest [NGC 1550] is at least six or eight times brighter than the other. There is a faint star, about 13m, between the two." His micrometric offset from NGC 1550 is very accurate.
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04 20 41.0 -14 46 52; Eri
V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140°
24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small,
very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 45"x15", slightly brighter along the spine
of the central part of the major axis.
Located 16' SE of mag 7.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 367 = J. 1-122 on 7 Dec 1891
and recorded "pB, pL, diffuse."
His position matches
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04 22 42.7 -12 36 55; Eri
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 169°
24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter, slightly brighter core, faint stellar nucleus. A 9' chain of mag 11.5-14 stars oriented SW-NE extends across the east side at 200x (13mm Ethos).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 368 = J. 1-123 on 15 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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04 23 28.2 -11 47 24; Eri
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint and but not
difficult, small, round, 25" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness
with only a weak concentration. Forms a near equilateral triangle with two 13th
mag stars 2.6' N and 3.3' ENE. Two 15th mag stars are 2' NE (between the
brighter stars). Possible outlying
member of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 369 = J. 1-124 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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04 24 01.7 -09 23 41; Eri
V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x1.1'; PA = 140°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, moderately large,
roundish, 40"-45" diameter, diffuse glow of very low surface
brightness, no core. Located 15'
SW of mag 7.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 370 = J. 2-593 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
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04 30 04.2 -05 00 36; Eri
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 30°
24" (2/24/20): moderately faint, fairly small, small
bright nucleus, very faint halo extended 3:2 or 2:1 SW-NE, 30"x15".
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 372 = J. 2-594 on 11 Feb
1893. His position is
accurate. HyperLeda doesn't
recognize
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IC 373 = MCG -01-12-013 = PGC 15335
04 30 42.7 -04 52 13; Eri
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.9'; PA = 108°
24" (2/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, sharp stellar nucleus. Bracketed between a mag 11.8 star 2' N and a mag 10.6 star 2.5' S, with a mag 12.5 star 3' W. Also two mag 8 stars are 7' E and 7' SE. IC 372 is 13' SW.
17.5" (12/26/00): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter. Gradually increases to a brighter core. In a line of 3 stars oriented N-S and ~2' from two mag 11 stars to the north and south. Located 19' NW of NGC 1600 in a group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 373 = J. 2-595 on 11 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
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04 32 32.8 +16 38 03; Tau
Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 85°
17.5" (1/31/87): faint, extremely small, round, brighter core, possibly elongated ~E-W. Visible with direct vision at 220x. Located 3.2' NE of a mag 9 star. Two stars mag 11/12 7' E and 9' ENE are collinear with the mag 9 star. Located 48' W and 7' N of Aldebaran within the Hyades. Appears almost stellar on the POSS.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 374 = Spitaler 4 on 28 Oct 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at the Vienna Observatory. His position is accurate.
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04 31 03.1 -12 58 26; Eri
Size 0.8'x0.55'; PA = 59°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, small, round,
20"-24" diameter. This member of AGC 496 is situated 8' SE of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 375 = J. 1-125 on 13 Oct
1891. His position is
accurate. HyperLeda doesn't
recognize
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04 31 13.8 -12 26 00; Eri
Size 0.6'x0.55'; PA = 50°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, round,
20" diameter, diffuse, low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with brighter
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; extremely faint, very small, round, 20", very low surface brightness. Initially, I only noticed brighter and larger IC 377, which is 1.5' SE, but with averted vision IC 376 was occasionally glimpsed clearly. Member of AGC 496.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 376 = J. 1-126, along with IC
377, on 14 Oct 1891. His position
is accurate. PGC and HyperLEDA misidentify
the larger galaxy to the southeast as
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IC 377 = MCG -02-12-031 = PGC 15366
04 31 16.5 -12 27 18; Eri
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.9'; PA = 99°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly
elongated, 30" diameter, brighter core, slightly irregular surface
brightness. IC 376 is 1.5' NW, PGC
952400 is 4' ESE and
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, round, very diffuse, low even surface brightness, ~30" diameter. Forms a pair with IC 376 1.5' NW. These member of AGC 496 are situated on the NW side of the galaxy cluster.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 377 = J. 1-127, along with IC
376, on 14 Oct 1891. His position
corresponds with
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04 31 27.9 -12 17 59; Eri
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.45'; PA = 69°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; faint, small, 20" diameter, slightly elongated SW-NE in the direction of a mag 14.5 star at the SW edge. A 12th mag star is 2' NW. IC 377 is 10' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 378 = J. 1-128 on 13 Oct
1891. His position is accurate,
although HyperLeda and SIMBAD fail to identify
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04 31 50.9 -07 14 18; Eri
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 34°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint but easily visible, round, 30"-35" diameter, low surface brightness, small weak brightening at the center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 379 = J. 2-596 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 380 = MCG -02-12-034 = PGC 15398
04 31 41.3 -12 55 37; Eri
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 75°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. Collinear with two equal 10th mag stars 2.4' and 4.2' NE. Probable member of AGC 496. IC 375 lies 10' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 380 = J. 1-129 on 13 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
04 44 28.5 +75 38 24; Cam
V = 12.3; Size 2.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5" (3/1/03): picked up at 100x as a moderately large, low surface brightness galaxy. Brightens somewhat towards the center. A mag 13 star is superimposed near the edge of the halo. At 220x, the star is at the north edge and the galaxy is elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.6', although the edge of the halo is difficult to define.
William Denning discovered IC 381 on 26 Aug 1889 while
comet-seeking at 32x with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector in England. At first he thought it might be
identical to
******************************
04 37 55.5 -09 31 10; Eri
V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 0°
17.5" (1/23/93): fairly faint, moderately large, round,
1.5' diameter, gradually increases to small bright core. A 10' string of stars extends towards
the NW. Appears brighter and
larger than
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 382 = J. 2-587 on 6 Feb 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at Nice, France. His position is accurate. RNGC and NGC 2000.0 incorrectly equates IC 382 with NGC 1632. See NGC 1632.
******************************
04 38 58.0 +09 53 33; Tau
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, very small, round, 12" to 15" diameter maximum. Even surface brightness glow with a well defined halo. A mag 12.5 star [3.5" uneven double] is 50" E of center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 383 = J. 2-598 on 15 Dec
1892. His position is accurate,
although HyperLeda doesn't recognize
******************************
04 39 18.3 -07 50 21; Eri
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.45'
24" (12/17/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, sharply defined periphery, good surface brightness. Collinear with a mag 12.6 star 0.5' NNW and a mag 15.2 star 0.8' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 384 = J. 2-599 on 13 Dec 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
04 39 31.5 -07 05 51; Eri
Size 1.1'x0.5'; PA = 107°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, ~0.8'x0.4', bright core, diffuse halo. A mag 10 star is 3.7' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 385 = J. 2-600 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
04 39 58.5 -09 27 23; Eri
V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 40°
17.5" (1/23/93): very faint, small, round, weak concentration, low surface brightness. Located 3.1' SSW of a mag 10.5 star. IC 382 lies 30' WSW. Misidentified in the RNGC as IC 382.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 386 = J. 2-601 on 6 Feb
1893. His position corresponds
with
******************************
04 41 44.2 -07 05 10; Eri
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 81°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint,
moderately large, oval 4:3 or 3:2, ~1' diameter, brighter core, very diffuse
outer halo.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 387 = J. 2-602 on 9 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
04 41 54.3 -07 18 23; Eri
Size 0.4'x0.4'
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Two mag 15.1 and 14.6 stars are less than 30" SW and 25" SE. A slightly fainter companion just 30" W wasn't noticed in poor seeing and low elevation (observed far west of the meridian). Forms a very close pair with IC 389 1.4' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 388 = J. 1-130 on 28 Jan 1892. There are two very small galaxies just south of his position and his description coupld apply to either or both (as well as nearby faint stars). HyperLeda doesn't identify either of these two galaxies as IC 388.
******************************
04 41 59.6 -07 18 41; Eri
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.8'
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, 35" diameter, good surface brightness. IC 388 lies 1.3' W, along with two faint stars that collinear with the galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 389 = J. 1-131 on 18 Jan 1892.
******************************
IC 390 = MCG -01-12-046 = PGC 15844
04 42 03.9 -07 12 23; Eri
V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 39°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; relatively faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, very weak concentration, 0.6'x0.2'. IC 387 lies 9' NW and IC 388 is 6.5' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 390 = J. 1-132 on 28 Jan 1892 and reported "faint, round, 10" diameter." His position is accurate.
******************************
04 57 21.7 +78 11 25; Cam
V = 12.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.8
17.5" (3/1/03): easily swept up at 100x; fairly faint, moderately large, round, fairly even surface brightness. At 220x, embedded in the middle of a scattered group of stars, 1' diameter, nearly uniform surface brightness, possibly slightly elongated ~E-W, 1.0'x0.9'.
William Denning discovered IC 391 on 7 Nov 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector from England. He simply noted "F, S, R." and measured a fairly accurate position.
******************************
04 46 25.9 +03 30 22; Ori
V = 12.3; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 170°
17.5" (2/11/96): faint, fairly small, irregularly round, 1.0' diameter, even concentration to a very small brighter core. Located 2.3' WNW of a mag 10 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 392 = J. 2-604 on 6 Jan 1894
with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches
******************************
04 47 51.8 -15 31 31; Eri
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (2/23/22): fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. A mag 14.6 star is close north [38" from center] and a mag 13.5 star is nearly collinear 1.2' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 393 = J. 1-333 on 7 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
04 49 34.1 +00 15 10; Ori
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 130°
17.5" (2/11/96): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
45" diameter. At first
appeared elongated but this illusion was caused by a mag 14.5 star at the
following edge 25" from center.
Another mag 13.5-14 star is 1' W.
This galaxy may be
Lewis Swift discovered IC 395 = Sw. 9-15 on 20 Oct 1889 and
reported "eF; vS; R; F * close f." His position is 10 seconds west of
******************************
04 57 59.0 +68 19 23; Cam
V = 12.0; Size 2.1'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 85°
17.5" (3/1/03): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2, 1.2'x0.8', small bright core is extended NNW-SSE. This galaxy is fairly bright for the IC galaxy and was immediately swept up at 100x.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 396 on 20 Sep 1890 with the
12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.
He noted a "small, indef, 12 1/2 mag, field marked by 3 or 4 pairs
of stars. The neb = 3/4' diameter,
somewhat brighter in the middle [difficult to read]." His rough position
is off by 16', but he made an accurate field sketch that clearly identifies
this galaxy. He later computed an
accurate position using the coordinates for his offset star (
******************************
04 58 12.6 -07 46 49; Eri
Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 21°
24" (1/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, very elongated
3:1 SSW-NNE, 50" major axis, moderate surface brightness, slightly
brighter elongated core. A mag 13
.6 star is 50" N of center.
Located 17' WNW of
Frank Muller discovered IC 398 = LM(S) 198 on 13 Dec 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He described it as "Elongated 5° (SSW-NNE), diffuse" with a size of 1.0'x0.4'.
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05 01 44.1 -04 17 19; Eri
V = 14.8; Size 0.3'x0.3'
48" (11/2/13): at 375x appeared moderately bright,
fairly small, round, 18", fairly high surface brightness with a very small
bright nucleus. Located 2.3' SE of
the
17.5" (2/8/97): very faint, very small, round, 15"
diameter, low even surface brightness.
This galaxy is located just 2.3' SE of
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 399 = Spitaler 35 on 25 Feb 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at the Vienna Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. The MCG and NGC 2000 incorrectly equate IC 399 with NGC 1741. See Malcolm Thomson's IC identification notes.
******************************
05 04 19.6 -10 04 36; Eri
Size 1.6'x0.6'; PA = 56°
24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, ~40"x18", sharply concentrated with a small bright nucleus and low surface brightness extensions (arms). Situated at the midpoint of mag 9.7 HD 32646 4.4' S and a mag 11.6 star 4.2' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 401 = J. 2-605 on 9 Feb 1893
and noted "very faint, round, 20" diameter, very small
nucleus." His position
matches
******************************
05 06 14.8 -09 06 27; Eri
V = 13.7; Size 2.3'x1.5'; PA = 146°
24" (12/20/17): faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, ~30" diameter. A
very faint star (mag ~15.5) is at the southwest edge. The halo fades into the
background, so the size and shape were difficult to determine. Based on the catalogued magnitude (V = 13.7),
this galaxy was fainter than expected.
Located 14' ENE of
Frank Muller discovered IC 402 = LM(S) 212 on 12 Dec 1887. He recorded "irregularly round, diffuse", with an estimated magnitude of 15.5 and diameter 1.5'. His recomputed RA using his offset star matches UGCA 99, although the declination is off by ~1.5'. Still, there are no other nearby objects, so the identification is nearly certain.
******************************
05 13 19.6 +09 45 18; Ori
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 135°
24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; faint, very small, round, 0.3' diameter. A mag 14 star is just off the SE side [14" from center].
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 404 = J. 2-606 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
05 16 12 +34 16; Aur
Size 30'x19'
18" (1/20/07): the Flaming Star Nebula was barely visible without filter as a very low surface brightness hazy region mainly to the north of the mag 6 "runaway star" AE Aurigae. The H-beta filter somewhat increases the contrast of the nebulosity. The haze is brightest in the region surrounding AE and extends mostly in a broad fan for 10'-15' to the north and northeast.
17.5" (2/8/86): the "Flaming Star" nebula is a very faint, large, diffuse nebulosity extending mainly north of AE Aurigae without filter. Enhanced with an H-beta filter.
13.1" (12/7/85): very low surface brightness haze at 62x using an H-beta filter, though nebulosity seen to 15' diameter and extending generally to the north and northeast of AE Aurigae.
13.1" (1/18/85): nebulosity highly suspected on east side of AE Aurigae.
John Martin Schäeberle discovered IC 405 photographically on 21 Mar 1892 using the Willard lens strapped to the 6-inch Clark refractor at Lick Observatory. An announcement ("A Large New Nebula in Auriga") and description was given in PASP, Vol 4, No. 22. Max Wolf also photographed it on 25 Sep 1892 (AN 131 [3130], 159) and in 1903 reported this nebula "looks like a burning body from which several enormous curved flames seem to break out like gigantic prominences". He urged his colleagues to aim their spectroscopes at this "flaming star" - hence the name "Flaming Star Nebula".
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05 17 42.6 -15 31 24; Lep
V = 13.5; Size 1.9'x0.35'; PA = 165°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 45"x15", fairly low surface brightness, broad concentration
but no distinct core or nucleus.
Located 6.7' NNE of mag 8.6
John Dreyer discovered IC 407 = J. 1-134 on 25 Jan 1875 as
an assistant on Lawrence Parsons' 72-inch. His description reads "cE 163.1° [NNW-SSE]. *10m Pos.
200.3°, Dist. 408.5". The
orientation and offset to the brighter star (HD 34528) are a perfect match with
this galaxy. But Dreyer assumed
the observation refered to
Stephane Javelle found the galaxy again on 7 Dec 1891 and called it "faint, little elongated N-S." Javelle measured an accurate position and Dreyer gave him discovery credit, not aware of his own prior discovery.
******************************
05 19 44.9 -25 03 52; Lep
V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 160°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift discovered IC 408 = Sw. 8-38 on 2 Feb 1889,
along with
There is nothing at Barnard's position for IC 411 (in list VIII and copied correctly into the IC). Corwin suggests the observation may refer to a double star at 05 18 04.2 -25 10 16. Its position is off by over 5', but there is a mag 7.5 mag star 5.5' SE. I think a more likely possibility is IC 408 refers to IC 2121 (later discovered by Swift on 26 Dec 1897), which is nearly 2 minutes of RA further east and has a mag 7.0 star 4.8' SW.
******************************
05 19 33.6 +03 19 06; Ori
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 25°
24" (1/28/17): at 450x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated. Contains a
stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus offset at the SSW end. Occasionally, a second extremely faint
stellar nucleus was glimpsed close northeast. The two nuclei are separated by only 7"! Situated in a busy star field 7.5' SW
of mag 9.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 409 = J. 2-607 on 12 Jan 1894
and recorded, "pretty bright, nearly round, the central condensation is
possibly double." His
position matches
******************************
05 22 36 +33 31; Aur
Size 40'x30'
24" (1/4/14): at 125x unfiltered; emission nebulosity
was evident surrounding and beyond the borders of open cluster
The cometary "Tadpoles" nebulae
13.1" (1/18/85): very faint nebulosity involved with open cluster NGC 1893. The brightest portion is at the NW edge of cluster. A dark "hole" is just south of this nebulosity. More extensive nebulosity is suspected but difficult to confirm due to the general background haze of the cluster. Enhanced with UHC and OIII filters.
13.1" (2/25/84): nebulosity is evident preceding the NW star of the triangle of stars surrounding the cluster. Very faint but definite with a filter in poor transparency.
Max Wolf discovered IC 410 on 25 Sep 1892 on a Heidelberg plate. In AN 3130, p159, he noted the plate revealed a group of stars and a large nebula surrounding the star BD +33°1023. His position matches the brightest star (mag 9.0 HD 242908) in the nebula. NGC 1893 refers only to the open cluster, which was discovered by John Herschel.
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IC 411 = ESO 486-056 = MCG -04-13-011 = PGC 17130
05 20 18.6 -25 19 28; Lep
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.7'; PA = 129°
24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, 35"x25". The surface brightness is moderate and fairly even. A number of brighter stars are in the
field, particularly to the east.
Located 16' SE of mag 7.0
Lewis Swift discovered IC 411 = Sw. 8-39 on 2 Feb 1889,
along with IC 408, while using a 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory during a
visit to E.E. Barnard. His
description reads "vF; pS; R." and the position (measured by Barnard)
is within 45" of
******************************
05 21 56.7 +03 29 11; Ori
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 30°
48" (10/27/19): IC 412 and
24" (1/12/13): both members of this interacting pair
(VV 225) are fairly faint, small, roughly 20"-25" in size, and each
contains small bright cores. IC
412, the northwest component, is larger and more elongated , roughly 5:3 SW-NE,
25"x15". IC 413 is just
off the ESE side, 35" between centers. A mag 12.3 star is 30" ENE (at
the north edge of IC 413). The
stretched spiral arm or tidal tail to the north was not seen. The pair is 14'
WSW of the bright double 23 Ori = STF 696 (5.0/7.2 at 32").
Member of a group (WBL 114 = LGG 130) at a distance of ~180
million l.y. with
17.5" (12/26/00): this is the northwest member of an
unusual close pair of interacting galaxies with IC 413 -- just 35"
separation (in PA 115°) and both members appearing to extend from a mag 12 star
(30" from centers to star)!
Both galaxies are faint, very small, slightly elongated, ~25"x15",
with small brighter cores. IC 412
is elongated SSW-NNE and 30" SW of the mag 12 star - with the NE end just
west of the star. Located 6' SSW
of mag 7.6
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 412, along with IC 413, on 30 Oct 1888 while sweeping with the 12-inch telescope of Lick Observatory. He noted "the nebulae are very small, roundish, mbM. Close south of a small star." His field sketch confirms the identification. Sherburne Burnham, who discovered nearby IC 414, also observed and measured the pair at Lick Observatory (Publ of Lick Observatory, II). Stephane Javelle independently found the pair on 12 Jan 1894 and Barnard and Javelle are both credited with the discovery in the IC 1.
But Barnard must have later sent his original discovery to
Dreyer, who assigned it as
******************************
IC 413 = IC 2124 = UGC 3299 = MCG +01-14-035 = CGCG 421-042 = VV 225a = VV 630 = WBL 114-003 = PGC 17181
05 21 58.9 +03 28 56; Ori
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 135°
48" (10/27/19): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, very slightly elongated, 24"x20", sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus. A mag 12.3 star is only 0.4' N of center. Forms an interacting pair with IC 412 just 0.6' NW.
24" (1/12/13): this is the southeast component of the close interacting pair VV 225. At 375x it appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~22"x17", sharply concentrated with a very small, high surface brightness nucleus. A mag 12.3 star is just 25" N of center and a mag 16.2 star is 46" SSW. IC 412 is just 35" NW and roughly similar in appearance. IC 414 lies 8.5' S.
17.5" (12/26/00): the southeast member of an unusual interacting pair (tidal tails on DSS image) of similar galaxies with IC 412 just 35" NW and both galaxies straddle a mag 12 star! IC 413 appears similar to IC 412 - ~25"x15", slightly elongated NW-SE with a small brighter core. The northwest tip of the galaxy is virtually in contact with the mag 12 star.
See notes for IC 412 = IC 2123.
******************************
IC 414 = MCG +01-14-033 = CGCG 421-040 = WBL 114-001 = PGC 17179
05 21 55.0 +03 20 31; Ori
Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 135°
24" (2/5/13): faint to fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 24"x18", weak concentration. Located 8.5' S of the interacting pair VV 225 = IC 412/413.
17.5" (12/26/00): faint, small, round, 25"
diameter. Located 9' S of the IC
412/413 pair and 2' NW of mag 9.4
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 414 on 8 Nov 1891 with the 36" refractor at Lick Observatory while sweeping for IC 412 and 413. The latter pair was discovered earlier by Barnard using the 12-inch at Lick.
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05 21 21.6 -15 32 34; Lep
Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 155°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; fairly faint, small, round,
moderately high surface brightness, easily visible continuously. A mag 9.2 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 415 = J. 1-135 on 7 Dec
1891. His position is accurate
although HyperLeda and SIMBAD don't recognize
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05 23 56.4 -17 15 37; Lep
V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 68°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint but easy,
elongated ~5:3 WSW-ENE, 0.5'x0.3', fairly low and even brightness. Located 19' SSW of mag 5.65
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 416 = J. 2-610 on 18 Feb 1893
and recorded, "faint, poorly defined, little elongated, gradually
condensed." His position
matches
******************************
05 28 06 +34 26; Aur
Size 13'x10'
18" (1/20/07): large, irregular faint haze, ~8'-9'
diameter. Involved with open
cluster Stock 8 (35-40 stars at 115x) in the field of 5.2-magnitude Phi
Aurigae. Mild contrast gain with a
UHC filter.
17.5" (2/9/02): this large HII region encases the open cluster Stock 8 and is situated ~6' SE of 5th magnitude Phi Aurigae. At 140x, the cluster consists of 40-50 stars including two mag 10 (the brightest is the wide double STF 707 = 9.7/11.4 at 18") and numerous mag 12-14 stars. With a UHC filter (or OIII filter at 100x), the cluster is encased in a moderately bright glow, ~8'x5'. The nebulosity is brightest in a triangular wedge, tapering towards the south with the two mag 10 stars oriented N-S (2' separation) along the western boundary. The glow is irregular but has a fairly sharp border along the western edge.
8" (12/6/80): faint nebulosity involved with three stars mag 9-11 including STF 707 = 9.7/11.4 at 18". The brightest portion is located 8' SE of Phi Aurigae (V = 5.1). Embedded in the open cluster Stock 8.
Max Wolf discovered IC 417 on 25 Sep 1892 on a Heidelberg plate. In AN 3130 (131), p159, he noted a "vast nebula envelopes the star cluster" and his position is within the cluster.
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05 27 28.2 -12 41 50; Lep
V = 9.0; Size 14"x11"
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; the bright central star was clearly surrounded by a sharply defined small ring with a dark rose color. Switching to 260x, the color was more evident and saturated.
48" (2/18/12): at 488x, the sharply defined, vivid raspberry annulus appeared relatively thin and extended NNW-SSE, ~14"x12". The high contrast central dark hole was striking surrounding the bright central star. Surrounding the annulus is a faint outer halo, increasing the size to roughly 20".
48" (4/2/11): truly impressive view at 375x and 488x, which revealed a very high surface brightness, slightly elongated halo, ~14"x12", surrounding the very bright central star. I was surprised to see the planetary was clearly annular with a very bright, irregular rim that varied slightly in thickness and a fairly high contrast darker hole surrounding the central star. The ring's outer rim was a shocking, deep raspberry color. The color was more intense at 375x and slightly more saturated along one-half of the annulus.
18" (1/26/09): striking view at 175x with the mag 10.5 central star blazing within a 10" disc with a crisply defined halo. Excellent contrast gain using an H-beta filter with the central star nearly lost with the high surface brightness disc. There appeared to be a very faint, thin envelope surrounding the main 10" disc extending a few arc seconds. At 285x, the planetary is slightly oval NNW-SSE with subtle variations in surface brightness; slightly weaker around the central star and slightly brighter along portions of the rim.
18" (1/15/07): at 115x, the bright mag 10.5 central star is surrounded by a small 10" disc with a noticeable raspberry tint.
17.5" (2/22/03): at 100x, the bright 10.5 magnitude central star was centered in a 10" round halo with a definite rosy or raspberry tint at the outer edge of the halo, though the effect is fairly subtle. Using an H-beta filter, the central star was strongly dimmed but the halo was significantly enhanced, dramatically changing the view of this planetary. At 380x, no color was visible but the halo was a bit asymmetrical with a "softer" edge and possible double shell structure. The center was very slightly darker around the central star.
17.5" (12/30/99): at 82x the mag 10.5 central star was enveloped in a very small round halo which appeared to have a slight reddish tinge at its edge. This is a low-excitation PN and using a H-beta filter, the halo brightened and the central star faded, leaving a more noticeable disc. At 220x, the prominent central star was surrounded by a well-defined 10" halo that partially "blinked" on and off switching from averted to direct vision. At 280x, the small halo was possibly surrounded by an extremely faint envelope, but this could not be confirmed. 380x and 500x presented a superb view of the inner disc which appeared weakly annular.
17.5" (3/8/97): unusually bright mag 10.5 central star surrounded by a small high surface brightness halo. At 220x, this planetary has a distinct "blinking" effect; staring at central star partially washes out the halo and with averted the halo is more dominant. At 82x, an unusual rosy tinge is evident at the edge of the small halo, although the effect was fairly subdued. The seeing was not steady enough for high power viewing of the outer shell.
17.5" (10/12/85): high surface brightness planetary, appears very bright at 481x. Contains a bright "fuzzy" central star with a bright inner portion surrounded by a second fainter shell slightly elongated N-S.
13.1" (10/20/84): very bright, small, takes 350-410x well, bright central star, subtle shell structure.
8" (2/23/22): at 95x, the PN was nearly stellar, appearing as fuzzy mag 10 star. Increasing to 176x, a small well-defined disc surrounded the bright central star. At 229x with a careful look, the halo could just be resolved as annular. A perfect very small ring!
8" (2/5/81): nearly stellar at 100x, bright, appears as a mag 10 star with a small, faint bluish halo.
24" (1/23/22): Using the Televue Night Vision device
(Gen3 White Phosphor) with a 6nm H-alpha filter at 286x: the rim was extremely
bright and sharply defined, forming a striking annulus (slightly elongated)
around the central star. It
reminding me of a small, high contrast view of
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 418 on an objective-spectrum plate taken on 26 Mar 1891 (probably by Solon Bailey at Harvard's temporary station at Chosica, Peru or by William Pickering at Arequipa). In a note dated 20 Jun 1891 and published in Astronomische Nachricten 128, p.11, Mina described the H-beta line as "unusually large as compared with the line whose wavelength is 5007 [OIII], the visual spectrum differs strikingly from that of other planetary nebulae." Dreyer credited Pickering with the discovery in the IC.
W.W. Campbell, who credited Fleming with the discovery, made the first visual observation. In 1891 he reported "it is a beautiful object as seen in the 36-inch telescope [Lick], consisting of a 9th magnitude star surrounded by a circular disc of blue light nearly 15" in diameter."
Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported, "central star of mag 19, surrounded by a bright somewhat elliptical ring 14"x11" in outside diameter, and about 12"x10" along its central line; pa 163°." Walter Scott Houston made an observation in 1945 using a 10" reflector.
A star is plotted at this position on the Uranometria 2000.0 Atlas because the BD catalogue included the central star.
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05 32 09.5 -04 31; Ori
Size 8'
18" (2/19/09): large, extremely faint reflection nebula
surrounding mag 8.2
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 420 = HN 63 on 27 Jun 1888 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate. She noted "very faint nebulosity preceding and a little south of DM -4°1162. Not confirmed by Plate 2414." Edward Pickering announced the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). Photographs taken with the Bache telescope, a photographic 8-inch f/5.5 doublet, covering 10 degrees square, were examined by Fleming with a magnifying glass.
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05 32 08.5 -07 55 05; Ori
Size 3.2'x2.8'; PA = 80°
24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, very large, slightly
elongated ~E-W, ~2' diameter, broad fairly weak concentration, so the surface
brightness of this reddened galaxy is fairly low. A wide double star (HJ 2271 = 10/11.5 at 19") is 6.4'
NNW.
17.5" (2/14/99): very faint, moderately large low surface brightness glow, ~2' diameter, very weak concentration, ill-defined halo fades into background. A mag 13 star lies 2.3' ESE of center. The galaxy is collinear with two wide brighter unequal pairs 6' NNW and 13' NNW.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 421 = HN 66 on 27 Jun 1888 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate of the M42 region. She described a "faint nebulosity about 2' in diameter." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals (1890AnHar..18..113P) and he was credited with the discovery in the IC. The published position is 10' too far south. MCG failed to label -01-15-001 as IC 421.
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05 32 18.6 -17 13 26; Lep
Size 0.95'x0.9'
24" (2/13/18): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly
small, round, 30" diameter, sharply concentrated with a very small bright
nucleus within a bright core. A
mag 13 star is 1' SE and mag 8.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 422 = J. 2-611 on 19 Feb
1893. His position matches MCG
-03-15-001 = PGC 17409. Lewis
Swift found this galaxy again on 16 Oct 1896 and reported it as new (#80 in
list XI). His position is 4' too
far SW, but when Dreyer catalogued it as
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05 33 24 -00 37 00; Ori
Size 6'x4'
17.5" (12/26/00): fairly faint, large, slightly
elongated NW-SE, ~5' diameter. A
couple of mag 12.5 stars are superimposed. The edges fade into the background. Photographically, this reflection
nebula has an irregular ring shape.
Located 28' SE of mag 2.2 Delta Orionis (top star in Orion's Belt). Nearby
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 423 = HN 58 on 27 Jun 1888 during a photographic survey of the M42 region at the Harvard College Observatory. She noted a "irregular oval ring having diameters 3' by 5'. The position angle of the larger axis is about 165°." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P) and is credited with the discovery in the IC. Fleming examined photographs taken with the Bache telescope, an 8-inch f/5.5 doublet covering 10 degrees square, with a magnifying glass.
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05 33 36 -00 25; Ori
Size 2.0'x1.0'
18" (2/19/09): faint, fairly small reflection nebula, ~2' in diameter. Involving 4 or 5 stars with the two brightest at mag 13-14 forming a 35" pair oriented E-W. Located 3' NE of mag 8.3 HD 36683 and 25' ESE of mag 2.2 Mintaka (Delta Orionis). IC 423 (observed previously) is located 12' SSW.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 424 = HN 56 on 27 Jun 1888 during a photographic survey of the M42 region at the Harvard College Observatory. Edward C. Pickering announced the discovery in the 1908 Harvard Annals publication and he is credited with the discovery in the IC. IC 423 was described as a "Nebula about 2' in diameter, brightest on the following side."
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05 36 31 -00 17 54; Ori
Size 5'x5'
18" (11/22/03): at 115x, surprisingly large reflection nebula just following a mag 8.6 star. Appears ~7'x5' in diameter and oval E-W, though the outline is ragged. There are a number of brighter stars nearby and the nebula is situated northeast of a distinctive N-S chain of 5 stars mag 8.6-10. A distinct border runs E-W just following the mag 8.6 star. An OIII filter killed the nebula, though I didn't try either a UHC or H-beta filter. Located 1° NNE of Alnilam (middle star in Orion's belt).
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 426 = HN 57, along with IC 423 and 424, on 27 Jun 1888 during a photographic survey of the M42 region at the Harvard College Observatory. Edward C. Pickering reported the discovery in the 1908 Harvard Annals publication and he is credited with the discovery in the IC. IC 423 was described as a "faint nebula about 5' in diameter."
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05 36 16 -06 38.1; Ori
24" (2/15/23): at 125x; nearly the whole field
surrounding
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 427 = HN 67, along with IC
428, on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate on 27 Jun 1888. Edward Pickering published the
discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). She noted No. 15 as "A large patch
of faint nebulosity, probably connected with No. 12 [
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05 36 23 -06 27 01; Ori
18" (2/5/11): at 108x, this difficult reflection nebula
appears as a very faint, hazy glow just west of mag 8
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 428 = HN 64, along with IC 427, on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate on 27 Jun 1888 and noted "perhaps this object should have been included with No. 15 [IC 427]." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P).
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05 38 19.2 -07 02 24; Ori
18" (1/21/04): this cometary nebula appears as a very
weak, small enhancement, ~10" diameter, about 2' NE of a wide pair of mag
13 stars located 13' NW of mag 4.8 49 Orionis. At moments it appeared stellar or an extremely faint star is
involved. Located at the northwest
tip of reflection nebula
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 429 = J 2-612 on 6 Feb 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. Dave Riddle noted the equivalence with Parsamian-Petrossian 37.
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05 38 33.2 -07 05 07; Ori
Size 11'x11'
18" (1/21/04): very faint, fairly large low surface brightness glow to the northwest of mag 4.8 49 Orionis, ~4'. Extends to a wide pair of mag 13 stars. This reflection nebula needs to be reconfirmed as the bright star may have confused the observation. See IC 429, which lies at the northwest tip of IC 430.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 430 = HN 65 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888. She noted a "nebulous band 3' wide extending 10' north preceding from DM -7° 1142." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P)."
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05 40 13.5 -01 27 45; Ori
Size 5'x3'
24" (1/1/19): at 200x; fairly faint reflection nebula
surrounding mag 7.8
17.5" (12/26/00): very faint, hazy glow surrounding mag
7.7
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 431 = HN 61 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888. She noted "nebulosity surrounding DM -1° 1001." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P).
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IC 432 = LBN 946 = vdB 51= Ced 55m
05 40 56.3 -01 30 26; Ori
Size 8'x4'
24" (1/1/19): at 200x; moderately bright, large,
irregularly round, ~4' diameter, surrounding mag 7.2
13.1" (1/11/86): very faint glow surrounding mag 7.5
8" (12/6/80): faint, diffuse, 4' diameter, envelops a mag 8 star.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 432 = HN 60 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888. She noted "well-marked nebulosity surrounding DM -1° 1005. Unlike most nebulous stars, the nebulosity does not fade away towards the edges. It looks rather like an irregular oval nebula on which a star was superimposed." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P).
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05 40 31.3 -11 39 56; Lep
V = 13.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, round, 30" diameter, small slightly brighter nucleus. Located 30' W of mag 7.0 HD 38072.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 433 = J. 2-613 on 18 Feb 1893. His reduced position is about 1/2' too far north.
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05 41 00 -02 24; Ori
Size 60'x10'
24" (2/13/18): I was surprised to easily pick up the IC 434 strip extending south of Zeta Orionis unfiltered at 124x (21mm Nagler). Although the Horsehead wasn't prominently visible, I could also see the notch unfiltered!
13.1" (1/11/86): using an H-beta filter IC 434 appears
a very faint, very large, very elongated strip of nebulosity running south of
Zeta Orionis for almost one degree in a N-S direction. There is a well-defined sharp edge
along the east side while the west side fades off into the background. Contains the famous dark nebula
24" (1/21/12): the view of the Horsehead through a 24" f/4.1 Starmaster using a Collins I3 image intensifier mated with a narrowband H-alpha filter at the Mauna Kea visitor center (9300') was absolutely stunning. The outline stood out in extremely sharp relief like a photograph and the dark cloud was pitch black against the bright background. I'm not sure of the magnification used but the field was 30' or less and the Horsehead was large enough to show exquisite detail in the outline.
17.5" (12/26/00 and 12/28/00): at 100x using an H-beta filter, the huge IC 434 strip was very prominent and easy to follow south from Zeta Orionis throughout the entire 50' field of view. The boundary was razor-sharp along its eastern edge against a background sky darkened by the H-beta filter. The Horsehead was very easy to view as a nearly black, semi-circular 4' indentation that protruded into the nebulosity. With averted vision there was a short extension or knob on the north side. This forms the snout of the horse and with concentration faint nebulosity is visible just below (east) of the snout.
17.5" (10/8/88): easily held with direct vision using the H-beta filter. The head or snout protrudes to the north.
17.5" (9/14/85 and 10/12/85): the Horsehead Nebula
appears as a jet black dark nebula using an H-beta filter at 84x superimposed
against the fairly prominent emission nebula IC 434. Appears as a semi-circular indentation or "bite"
of 5' diameter along the sharply defined eastern edge of IC 434
"strip" which extends through field in a N-S orientation. Significant contrast gain with and
H-Beta filter which renders the background sky and B33 extremely dark. Difficult to see the "snout"
feature which protrudes to the north but it is detectable. Mag 8.5
13.1" (1/18/85): visible with direct vision with H-Beta filter and striking with averted. The snout was suspected. The contrast between B33 and the sky was high with the background jet black and sharply outlined against the easy glow of IC 434. Best view with 24mm.
13.1" (1/28/84): IC 434 seen as a long thin strip at 62x + H-beta filter; Horsehead faintly visible as a dark indentatin on E edge near two faint stars.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 434 on Harvard College Observatory plates in 1883. Edward Pickering announced the discovery (along with a number of other Orion nebulae) in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). She also described the dark notch (later dubbed the "Horsehead") as "A large nebulosity extending nearly south the Zeta Orionis for about 60'. More intense and well marked on the following side with a semicircular indentation 5' in diameter 30' south of Zeta. All good plates of this region show this object, and it has been used here as a test for some time." Dreyer didn't mention the "indentation" in the IC description.
Harold Corwin comments that "Some people have suggested
that it was actually found by William Herschel. This is not true; WH's comment (see Latusseck, J. Astron.
Data 14, 4, 2008 where it is reprinted) "Wonderful black space included in
Nebulosities" refers to
But Wolfgang notes that on 1 Feb 1786 (sweep 518), Herschel recorded a large region of nebulosity extending roughly 2° north-south, not far east of IC 434. He noted "I am pretty sure the places of which these are the boundaries are all full of diffused milky nebulosity; but notwithstanding I used every means of ascertaining it by motion of the telescope, my range was neither far enough, nor sufficiently quick to put it beyond doubt. Caroline assigned it the general (internal) discovery number 1321, which became H. V 35 (first of 4 different fields associated with that designation). Wolfgang Steinicke feels it may apply to IC 434, though Herschel's RA is about 3 minutes too large, so this identification is very uncertain.
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05 43 00.6 -02 18 45; Ori
Size 5'x3'
24" (1/1/19): at 200x; bright reflection nebula surrounding mag 8.3 38087, large, round, 3' to 4' diameter, moderately high surface brightness, seems brighter close to the star, though this may be due to glare. Located 20' ESE of NGC 2023.
13.1" (1/18/85): at 88x with OIII filter (wrong filter
to use) appears as a very faint and difficult circular nebulosity surrounding
mag 8.3
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 435 = HN 59 on a Harvard College Observatory photographic plate taken on 27 Jun 1888 and noted "Nebulosity surrounding DM -2°1350." Edward Pickering published the discovery in the 1890 Harvard Annals publication (1890AnHar..18..113P). Photographs taken with the Bache telescope, a photographic 8-inch f/5.5 doublet, covering 10 degrees square, were examined by Fleming with a magnifying glass.
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05 51 37.4 -12 33 54; Lep
Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 7°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, extended N-S, quite easy to pick up in the field. Increasing to 375x; elongated 2:1 N-S, brighter core, a dim mag 16 star is at the south tip.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 437 = J. 2-614 on 11 Feb
1893. His position is
accurate. Identified as
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05 53 00.1 -17 52 34; Lep
V = 12.0; Size 2.8'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 55°
17.5" (3/8/97): fairly faint, moderately large, nearly
2' diameter. Appears as a diffuse
roundish glow with a very weak, broad concentration. A mag 14.5 star is attached at the NE end, 1.0' from the
center. A 1' pair of mag 10 stars
precedes by 3.5'. Located 8' SSE
of mag 8.6
Lewis Swift discovered IC 438 = Sw. 10-15 on 7 Jan 1891 and recorded "eeF; pS; E in meridian; wide D * nr preceding." He found it again on 7 Oct 1897 and described Sw. 11-88 as "vF; pL; R; v wide D * near p[receding]." Howe noted the equivalence in his survey of IC objects (Monthly Notices, Nov. 1900) and also discovered nearby IC 2151.
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06 19 13.3 +80 04 07; Cam
V = 13.3; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 36°
24" (2/8/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, sharply concentrated with a fairly high surface brightness
core ~25" diameter. Very low
surface brightness extensions were barely glimpsed extending SSW-NNE. A mag 14.2 star is just off the
southwest edge. Located just off
the line connecting mag 9.0 star (
UGC 3396, situated 26' WSW, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20"-24" diameter, gradually increases to a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 9.7 star is 2.8' N.
William Denning discovered IC 440 on 16 Nov 1890 while comet
hunting in Camelopardus with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. He noted "vF, S" and his
position matches
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06 02 42.6 -12 29 57; Lep
Size 1.4'x1.1'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; very faint, moderately
large, ill-defined glow, ~45", difficult to estimate size as fades into
background. A dim mag 15 star is at the W edge and a mag 11 star is 2' NW. Located 11' E of mag 8.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 441 = J. 2-615 on 11 Feb 1893. His position is accurate.
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06 36 11.9 +82 58 06; Cam
V = 12.9; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.9
24" (1/25/22): at 228x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~3:2, ~45"x30" [N-S], brighter along the major axis, probably because of the unresolved double nuclei. Situated in a pretty rich star field. The seeing was too soft to use high power to resolve the nuclei at only 8" separation.
24" (2/7/16): IC 442 was picked up at 228x (10mm ZAO)
as a fairly faint, fairly small round glow, ~18" diameter. Adding a 2x Powermate (452x), two
extremely close nuclei [separated by 8"] were resolved within the
halo! The nucleus in the
south-southwest part of the halo (
William Denning discovered IC 442 on 9 Nov 1890 while comet seeking in Camelopardus with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. He noted "F, S, R, mbM"
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06 16 54 +22 47; Gem
Size 50'
18" (2/23/06): easily visible at 73x and OIII filter. The brightest portion is a 5' elongated strip that very gently curves WNW-ESE. Faint haze extends out from this strip towards the south and west. An extremely faint extension of the strip continues to the SE and curves towards an obtuse triangle of three stars, increasing the length of the edge of the shell to over 10'.
17.5" (1/16/02): at 64x and OIII filter, the most
prominent section of this supernova remnant is a gently curving band of
nebulosity oriented NW-SE, ~10'x3' with a well-defined edge along the eastern
(bowed-out) boundary. A larger region of low surface brightness haze, ~20' in
size, spreads out to the west of the northern end. At the SE end, the band dims and seems to hook to the SW
towards a small arrowhead of stars.
Located ~2.5 degrees SE of
17.5" (2/13/88 and 1/20/90): at 82x with OIII filter this supernova remnant appears moderately bright, large, elongated 5:2 NW-SE. Appears a bit larger and brighter at the NW end. Much fainter nebulosity is close south off the west end and a couple of mag 10 stars are superimposed. Surprisingly easy to view with an OIII filter.
13.1" (1/18/85): at 62x with filter, appears as a very faint elongated strip of nebulosity, perhaps 10' in length. Not visible without a filter.
Max Wolf discovered IC 443, along with
E.E. Barnard independently discovered these two nebulae in 1894. He reported in "Astronomy and Astro-Physics", Vol 8, No. 3, "On this same plate [taken on 1 Feb 1894 with a 2h 10m exposure] is a faint narrow curved nebulosity [IC 443] in about, 1860.0, 6h 8m + 23° 0'. It is nearly 1/2° long, extending north and south and convex to the east."
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IC 444 = LBN 840 = vdB 75 = Ced 74
06 19 22.5 +23 16 28; Gem
Size 8'x4'
17.5" (2/11/96): fairly easy, round reflection nebula
surrounding mag 7.0
13.1" (1/11/86): at 79x (unfiltered), diffuse, hazy nebulosity surrounding a 7th mag star, moderately large.
Max Wolf discovered IC 444, along with IC 443, on 25 Sep 1892 with a 2 1/4" lens. In AN 3130 (1892), he recorded finding "[Two] Very large and bright nebulous masses are visible there [near Mu and Eta Geminorum], which very roughly have their centers at approximately 6h 14m +24° [IC 444] and 6h 08m +22° [IC 443]."
E.E. Barnard independently discovered these two nebulae on a plate two years later. Barnard reported in "Astronomy and Astro-Physics", Vol 8, No. 3, "On another photograph taken Feb. 1, 1894, with 2h 10m exposure, the 9m.5 star Dm +23°1313 is found to be closely nebulous, a very small dense nebulosity gives it a fuzzy appearance. The nebulosity is heaviest south and following." Harold Corwin notes that Barnard misidentified the star -- it should be BD +23°1301 = 12 Geminorum. Secondly, his reported postion gave the equinox as 1885.0, but it should be 1855.0 for the BD star, so his position -- which was used in the IC -- is poor. Corwin also comments that although 12 Gem is often given for the position of IC 444, the reflection nebula is part of a much larger emission nebulosity (Sh 2-249) centered about 25' ESE. Wolf claimed to record "very large and bright nebulous masses", so perhaps his image included Sh 2-249.
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06 37 21.3 +67 51 36; Cam
V = 13.4; Size 0.85'x0.7'; PA = 19°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 24" diameter, weak concentration. Situated 3.8' SSE of mag 9.1
Lewis Swift discovered IC 445 = Sw. 8-42 on 6 Sep 1888 and
recorded "eF, S, R, B * sf."
His position is off the northeast side of
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06 31 07 +10 27 18; Mon
Size 5'x4'
17.5" (1/23/93): fairly faint reflection nebula surrounds a mag 10-11 star. This bi-polar nebula is fairly large, about 2.5' diameter. Appears to extend further (or is brighter) on the south side. Bordered by three collinear mag 13 stars on the south side.
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 446 = IC 2167, along
with
He found it again photographically on 24 Jan 1894 with the 6" Willard lens and reported on it in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Cluster Connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol XIII, No 3). Barnard mentioned that he first found it visually around 1888 "while sweeping over this region" as a "10 mag nebulous star about half a degree north preceding 2245." Apparently Barnard directly sent his original visual discovery to Dreyer, hence the two IC designations (visual and photographic), IC 446 = IC 2167. This object is a bi-polar reflection nebula. Listed in article on bi-polar nebulae by Ronald Stoyan in Deep Sky Observer #12.
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06 31 12 +09 54; Mon
Size 25'x20'
24" (1/31/14): picked up unfiltered at 200x, though low
contrast as the entire field is patchy in faint stars and affected by some
dust. Seems roughly 20'x10,
elongated N-S and includes several bright stars (
18" (2/4/08): at 175x unfiltered, this is a huge,
interesting reflection nebula, ~25'x18', elongated N-S with an irregular
outline and subtle variations in brightness. A number of mag 8-10 stars are superimposed, including mag 8
HD 46005 (illuminating star) which is part of a 10' N-S string of four brighter
stars on the east side. Nearby reflection nebulae include
IC 2169 is located two degrees due west of the Christmas Tree cluster and the whole region of bright and dark nebulosity is part of the same molecular cloud complex Mon OB1.
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 447 = IC 2169, along with IC 446 = IC 2167, on 11 Oct 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "1 radius of 80x field [21'] south and 1 radius [21'] preceding the 7 1/2' m star [NGC 2245] is a large nebulosity, faint, that involves several 9 or 9 1/2 mag star. Nearly 1/2° in size, irregular(?)". His offset lands in the southern part of the nebula, though clearly he was referring the entire portion. He picked it up again on 26 Feb 1889 and logged "22' S and 22' p. the neb NGC 2245 is a vL neby, with some bright stars in it. It is extended N & S nearly, 15 x 12' +/- diam. There are 3 or 4 9th and 10th mag stars in a curve seemingly connected with it."
Barnard found this reflection nebula again photographically on 24 Jan 1894 with the Willard 6" lens though and announced it in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Cluster Connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol XIII, No 3). Barnard stated he first found it visually around 1888 "while sweep over this region, I found a very large, weak, diffused nebulosity some half a degree south of the nebula NGC 2245. This was mixed up with several considerable stars." His earlier visual discovery was not published but apparently he sent it later to Dreyer, so it was catalogued again as IC 2169.
Barnard retracted his discovery of IC 447 in Lick Publications, Vol 11, incorrectly claiming it to be identical to NGC 2245. Hubble included this object in his 1922 paper "A general study of diffuse galactic nebula" in Contributions from the Mount Wilson Observatory / Carnegie Institution of Washington, vol. 241, pp.1-38.
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06 45 41.1 +71 20 38; Cam
V = 12.5; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 70°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; moderately bright and large,
slightly elongated E-W, ~45"x35". Contains a relatively large brighter core. Situated 4.1' WSW of mag 8.4
Lewis Swift discovered IC 449 = Sw. 8-43 on 6 Sep 1888 and recorded "pF, S, R, bM, bet 2 D st." His position matches IC 449, so there's little doubt about the identification, though I'm surprised he didn't mention the nearby 8.5-magnitude star.
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06 52 12.3 +74 25 37; Cam
V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 129°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"
diameter, sharp stellar nucleus.
Forms a pair with
William Denning discovered IC 450, along with IC 451, around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer as it was not published. The IC positions for both galaxies are 6'-7' too far southeast. Corrected positions were published in the 1937 paper "A study of faint northern galaxies" by Seyfert and Shapley (1937AnHar.105..219S). This is a very faint pair to be discovered in a 10-inch scope, testifying to Denning's keen eyesight.
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IC 451 = UGC 3550 = MCG +12-07-019 = PGC 19775
06 52 52.0 +74 28 51; Cam
V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 144°
24" (1/28/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 24" diameter, even surface brightness. Forms a pair with IC 450 4.2' SW. Located 20' E of
William Denning discovered IC 451, along with IC 450, around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer as it was not published. The IC positions for both galaxies are 6'-7' too far southeast. Corrected positions were published in the 1937 paper "A study of faint northern galaxies" by Seyfert and Shapley (1937AnHar.105..219S).
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06 48 39.1 -16 54 06; CMa
Size 1.9'x1.4'; PA = 145°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 452 = Big. 147, along with IC
453 = Big. 148 on 9 Mar 1890 while searching for NGC 2296. Swift's discovery position for NGC 2296
was 0.7 minutes of RA too large, so Bigourdan assumed Big. 147 (later IC 452)
was new. Herbert Howe later
measured an accurate RA for NGC 2296 in 1898 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes) so,
NGC 2296 = IC 452. Bigourdan's
position for Big. 148 (
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06 51 06.3 +12 55 19; Gem
V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 140°
24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.3'. A star (mag 13.5-14?) is superimposed near the northwest end. Contains a slightly brighter nucleus, which is close southeast of the star. There may be one or two additional mag 15.5-16 star near the periphery. Since the galaxy appears to extend from the brighter star it has a comet-like appearance. Situated in a rich Milky Way star field.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 454 = Sw. 9-16 on 23 Jan 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "a faint nebula, elongated with 13 mag star attached to end N.p." His rough RA (in his notebook) is about 24 seconds too large, but his small field sketch matches. The discovery was probably not communicated to Dreyer as Barnard wasn't credited in the IC.
Lewis Swift independently found this galaxy on 27 Dec 1889 and simply noted "eeF; S; e diff." Swift's RA is 9 seconds too large and he received credit in the IC. Howe measured an accurate position in 1898 and noted, "One or two stars are involved in this nebula."
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07 34 57.7 +85 32 14; Cep
V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 82°
18" (8/2/11): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, ~30"x25", fairly sharply concentrated with a small bright
core that increases to a stellar nucleus.
Located 11' SSE of
18" (3/13/04): fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter,
weak concentration to a slightly brighter core. With direct vision, a sharp stellar nucleus was
intermittently visible. Located
16' ESE of
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 455 on 20 Sep 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. While comet hunting in the north, Barnard found NGC 2276, 2300 and IC 455. He was confused on his pointing direction this far north, but made a field sketch including nearby stars and labeled the nebulae A (NGC 2276), B (NGC 2300) and C (IC 455, outside the 150x field). He noted "C is 10' S and 3' foll B. A is 2' diameter, faint, very gradually little brighter middle." The sketch clearly identifies the three galaxies. William Denning independently discovered IC 455 less than a month later on 17 Oct 1890 with his 10-inch reflector. Denning is credited with the discovery in the IC as Barnard never published his discovery or notified Dreyer.
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07 00 17.5 -30 09 50; CMa
V = 12.0; Size 2.1'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 110°
17.5" (3/20/93): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
gradually increases to a small bright core. Located just 1' SW of mag 9
Lewis Swift discovered IC 456 = Sw. 10-16 on 19 Dec 1890 and recorded "vF; pS; R; B * close nf; B * with pB dist comp np."
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07 09 28.4 +50 09 08; Lyn
V = 14.7; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.2
24" (2/15/18): at 375x fairly faint, small, nearly
round, 20" diameter, even surface brightness. Located 2' SSW of
17.5" (1/20/90): extremely faint and small, round. A mag 15 star is 1' NE. Located 2' SW of NGC 2332.
Hermann Kobold found IC 457 on 4 May 1893, along with 8
galaxies besides NGC 2332 and 2340, with the 18-inch refractor at
Strasbourg. His position matches
******************************
07 10 34.3 +50 07 06; Lyn
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 175°
24" (2/15/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 N-S, ~30"x20", small brighter core but no distinct nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is just off the south edge [0.6' from center].
18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S,
0.6'x0.4', weak concentration to center.
A mag 12.5 star is just off the south edge 0.6' from center. In a small group with
17.5" (1/20/90): very faint, very small, elongated 5:2 N-S, small bright core. A mag 13 star is off the south end 36" from center. In a field of four galaxies with NGC 2340 7' ENE, IC 464 5.0' ENE and IC 465 12' NE.
George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered
IC 458 = Sw. 8-44, along with
******************************
IC 459 = CGCG 234-082 = PGC 20311
07 10 38.7 +50 10 38; Lyn
Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (2/15/18): at 375x: very faint, small, slightly
elongated, 20"x15", low surface brightness, can hold steadily once
identified. Located 5' W of NGC
2340 and 3.4' NW of mag 10
18" (12/18/06): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness, no concentration. Located 5' due west of NGC 2340 in the core of the cluster and 3.6' N of IC 458.
George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 459, along with IC 458, 461, 464 on 31 Jan 1851. Hermann Kobold discovered it independently at Strasbourg on 2 Dec 1893 (both Rosse and Kobold are credited in the IC).
******************************
IC 460 = MCG +08-13-089 = CGCG 234-084 = WBL 133-007 = PGC 20318
07 10 44.3 +50 12 09; Lyn
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'
24" (2/15/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, brighter center. A mag 13.2 is at the southwest edge [18" from center] and a second mag 13 star is 0.8' NW. IC 460 is located 4.6' WNW of NGC 2340 in the core of the cluster. IC 459 lies 1.8' SSW.
18" (12/18/06): extremely faint galaxy in the core of the NGC 2340 group. Just visible with averted vision and concentration as a 10" knot just off the northeast side of a mag 13 star [only 18" separation]. This star forms a pair with another mag 13 star 44" NW. Located 4.5' WNW of NGC 2340 and 1.8' NNE of IC 459.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 460 on 2 Dec 1893 with the 18" refractor at Strasbourg Observatory. This galaxy was missed at Birr Castle when the cluster was observed in January 1851.
******************************
IC 461 = MCG +08-13-088 = CGCG 234-083 = WBL 133-006 = PGC 20319
07 10 45.0 +50 04 53; Lyn
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 35°
24" (2/15/18): at 375x; faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE, 0.4'x0.3', low even surface brightness. A string of three mag 12-13 stars oriented SW-NE follows closely. A mag 15.5 star is at the southeast edge of the galaxy. Located 7' SW of NGC 2340 and 2.8' SE of IC 458.
18" (12/18/06): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.3'x0.2'. This small galaxy is just preceding a 1.5' string of 3 mag 12-13 stars angling from SW to NE and 2.8' SE of IC 458 in the NGC 2340 group (second faintest of 7 in the field at 280x).
George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 461 = Sw. 8-45, along with IC 458, 459, 464 on 31 Jan 1851. Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 14 Sep 1888 and by Hermann Kobold on 8 Dec 1893. All 3 are credited in the IC as Kobold's position was used. The MCG failed to label its +08-13-088 as IC 461.
******************************
07 11 00.9 +50 07 04; Lyn
Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 85°
24" (2/13/18): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Can barely hold continuously with averted vision. Located in a group, 1.3' SSW of IC 464 and 3.8' SSW of NGC 2340 (in a line).
George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 463, along with IC 458, 459, 461, 464 on 31 Jan 1851. He labeled it Iota on the diagram of the field. Hermann Kobold discovered it again independently at Strasbourg on 2 Dec 1893 (both Rosse and Kobold are credited in the IC). This galaxy is not in the PGC and hasn't been assigned a LEDA designation.
******************************
IC 464 = CGCG 234-087 = MCG +08-13-092 = WBL 133-009 = PGC 20332
07 11 04.8 +50 08 13; Lyn
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 60°
24" (2/13/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 SW-NE, 50"x25", bright core. Located 2.4' SSW of NGC 2340 in a rich galaxy group. IC 463 is 1.3' SSW.
18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2
SW-NE, 0.6'x0.35', even concentration but with no defined core of nucleus. Located 2.5' SSW of NGC 2340 in a rich
group of galaxies with
17.5" (1/20/90): faint, small, oval SW-NE. Located 2.5' SSW of NGC 2340 in a group with IC 458 5.0' WSW and IC 465 8.1' NE.
George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 464 = Sw. 8-45, along with IC 458, 459, 461 on 31 Jan 1851. Lewis Swift probably found this galaxy again on 14 Sep 1888. Kobold measured an accurate position on 18 Jan 1893.
******************************
IC 465 = NGC 2334 = MCG +08-13-098 = CGCG 234-095 = WBL 133-012 = PGC 20357
07 11 33.6 +50 14 53; Lyn
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 70°
24" (2/15/18): at 375x; moderately bright, moderately large, round, strong concentration with a high surface brightness core that increases to a very small brighter nucleus. Located 5.8' NE of NGC 2340 in a fairly rich group.
18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', gradually increases to a very small, brighter core. Furthest NE in a group of 7 galaxies in the field and 5.8' NE of the brightest member, NGC 2340.
17.5" (1/20/90): faint, small, round, bright core. Last of four galaxies in a 20' field and located 5.8' NE of NGC 2340.
Hermann Kobold found IC 465 on 4 May 1893, along with 8
galaxies besides NGC 2332 and 2340, with the 18-inch refractor at
Strasbourg. His position matches
******************************
07 08 36 -04 19; Mon
Size 1'x1'
17.5" (2/28/87): mag 12.5 star in an easy, very small, round nebulosity. Located 1.5' SSW of a mag 10.5 star. A wide pair of mag 10 stars lie 7' SW. Enhanced with a UHC filter at 220x.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 466 = J 2-616 on 18 Feb 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
07 30 17.3 +79 52 21; Cam
V = 12.6; Size 3.2'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 80°
17.5" (2/22/87): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
~E-W, weak concentration. A faint
mag 15 star is near the SW end.
Located 20' SSE of
William Denning discovered IC 467 on 7 Nov 1890 with his 10-inch reflector while comet hunting and recorded "vF, pS, 22' ssf of NGC 2336." Although his position is poor, the identification is certain based on the description.
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07 55 59.1 +85 09 32; Cep
V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 90°
18" (8/1/11): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated
5:2 E-W, ~2.0'x0.8', broad concentration, brighter core increases to a slightly
brighter nucleus. This galaxy, NGC
2300 and
17.5" (3/20/93): fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated 2:1 E-W, 2.0'x1.0', large brighter middle, broad concentration but no
nucleus. Surrounded by three mag
8.5-9.5 stars. Mag 8.5
William Denning discovered IC 469 on 14 Sep 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector while sweeping for comets. It was found in the field of NGC 2300 "and about 40' SE of it." He noted the "object lies central within a very curious semicircle of small stars. It is faint, pretty large, extended, and a little brighter in the middle hunting and recorded "F, S, E, 46' sf of NGC 2336."
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07 43 36.4 +49 40 03; Lyn
V = 13.3; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (2/7/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 20" diameter, well concentrated with a small bright nucleus. Forms a pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 471 = Sw. 9-17, along with IC 472, on 20 Apr 1890. He recorded "eF; pS; R; np of 2 [with IC 472]." His RA is 15 seconds too small, a similar offset as IC 472.
******************************
IC 472 = UGC 3985 = MCG +08-14-036 = CGCG 235-034 = PGC 21665
07 43 50.3 +49 36 51; Lyn
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 167°
24" (2/7/16): at 260x; fairly faint to moderately bright, slightly elongated ~N-S, 30"x24", well concentrated with a roundish bright core. Forms a pair with IC 471 3.9' NW. Double star Es 1082 = 10.1/11.1 at 5.6" lies 4.7' SE and is collinear with the two galaxies.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 472 = Sw. 9-18, along with IC 472, on 20 Apr 1890. He recorded "eeF; pS; R; sf of 2 [with IC 471]. D * nr sf nearly points to both." His position is 3' too far northwest, a similar offset as IC 471, and the double star is Es 1082.
******************************
07 46 07.3 +26 30 18; Gem
V = 13.9; Size 1.25'x0.4'; PA = 113°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, very
elongated 5:2 or 3:1 WNW-ESE, ~45"x15", contains a very small
brighter core/nucleus. A mag 9
star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 474 = J. 1-136 on 30 Jan 1892. His position was 1.6' too far south, perhaps due to a positional error in the offset star.
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07 47 09.2 +30 29 20; Gem
V = 14.0; Size 0.85'x0.5'; PA = 137°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE. Increasing to 375x, clearly elongated 3:2 or 2:1, 0.5'x0.3'. On occasion there seemed to be an elongated cemtral brightening or bar. With averted the halo becomes more evident. A mag 13 star is 1' SW. A mag 10.5 star is 6' W, along with a group of 5 mag 12.5-14.5 stars.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 475 = J. 1-137 on 17 Feb 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
07 47 16.3 +26 57 03; Gem
V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 102°
24" (2/16/15): at 300x appeared very faint, small, slightly elongated, 15"x12". Appeared brighter in better conditions than two nights ago from Lake Sonoma.
24" (2/14/15): at 300x and 375x; extremely faint, very
small, round, 15" diameter.
Required averted vision and could not hold steadily. Located just 1.5' NW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 476 = J. I-138 on 30 Jan 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is accurate.
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07 52 06.9 +23 28 59; Gem
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.9'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; a step brighter than faint,
round, 30" diameter, gradually increases to a slightly brighter core and
occasional stellar nucleus. Mag
8.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 477 = J. 1-139 on 17 Feb
1892. His position is
accurate. SIMBAD misidentifies
******************************
07 53 41.6 +26 29 34; Gem
V = 14.7; Size 0.65'x0.45'; PA = 12°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; faint to fairly faint, small,
round, 15" to 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star lies 2' W and a similar
star is 1.6' NW. IC 478 is located
4.5' SSW of mag 7.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 478 = J. 1-140 on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30" Nice refractor. He reported "very faint, very small, diffuse and without central condensation" and an accurate position.
******************************
07 54 22.2 +27 00 32; Gem
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~22"x18", weak concentration with no zones. Forms an equilateral triangle with mag 13.5 star 1.4' NW and a mag 14.1 star (unequal double) 1.3' W. Located 18.5' NE of mag 5.0 Phi Gem.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 479 = J. 1-141, along with IC 478, on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30" Nice refractor. He reported "pretty faint, round, 20" diameter."
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07 55 23.2 +26 44 36; Gem
V = 14.2; Size 1.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 168°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 6:1 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.15', slightly brighter core. Bulges very slightly but no nucleus seen. Situated in a busy star field with a mag 15.5 star 1.2' S (collinear with the major axis). A mag 10.9 star lies 2.5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 480 = J. 1-142 on 18 Mar 1892 with the 30" Nice refractor. He reported "very faint, very pale, fairly large, elongated N-S."
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07 59 02.9 +24 09 38; Gem
V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 3°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, thin slash 4:1 or 5:1
N-S, ~45"x10", low even surface brightness, no core or brightness
zones. A mag 12.7 star is 1.4' SW. Located 4' S of a mag 9.8 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 481 = J. 1-143 on 2 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
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07 59 47.3 +25 21 25; Gem
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 151°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; a step brighter than "faint", slightly elongated core region, the halo was generally round, but with averted seemed elongated 3:2 ~NNW-SSE, 25"x18". A 24" pair of mag 13 stars is 2.5' NE and a 30" pair of mag 14 stars is 0.5' W. Located 16' WSW of mag 5.9 Omega (2) Cnc.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 482 = J. 1-144 on 2 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
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08 00 01.1 +26 39 57; Gem
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 49°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, low even surface brightness, ~0.3'x0.2'. But with averted vision, the halo occasionally extended to 0.5'x0.2' SW-NE.
24" (2/7/15): faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE,
~18"x12". A mag 15.5
star is 0.8' SW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 484 = Spitaler 11, along with IC 485 and IC 486, on 6 Mar 1891 with the 27" refractor at Vienna. Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 30 Jan 1892. Both measured accurate micrometric positions.
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IC 485 = UGC 4156 = CGCG 148-088 = WBL 165-006 = PGC 22443
08 00 19.8 +26 42 05; Gem
V = 14.5; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 153°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; faint, fairly small, initially I just noticed the elongated central region ~20"x10", but much fainter outer extension unexpectedly flashed with averted vision. These increased the size to ~0.8'x0.2'.
24" (2/7/15): at 260x; very faint, small, slightly elongated, 15"x10". Faintest in a trio forming an equilateral triangle with IC 484 4.7' SW and IC 486 5.3' S.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 485 = Spitaler 12a, along with IC 484 and IC 486, on 6 Mar 1891 with the 27" refractor at Vienna. He noted it made an equilateral triangle with IC 484 and 486 though didn't measure a position. Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 30 Jan 1892 and measured an accurate position.
******************************
IC 486 = UGC 4155 = MCG +04-19-018 = CGCG 148-087 = WBL 165-005 = PGC 22445
08 00 21.0 +26 36 49; Gem
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 139°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; relatively bright due to fairly good surface brightness, slightly elongated, 0.6' diameter, very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 13 star is 1.5' SE. Brightest of IC 484, 485, 486, the trio fits within a 7' circle.
24" (2/7/15): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 18"x12", small brighter core. Brightest in a trio with IC 484 5.5' NW and IC 485 5.3' N. The trio, along with a few CGCG galaxies, from the small group WBL 165, and lies at a distance of ~380 million l.y.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 486 = Spitaler 12, along with IC 484 and IC 485, on 6 Mar 1891 with the 27" refractor at Vienna. Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 2 Mar 1892 and measured an accurate position.
******************************
07 59 07.0 -00 38 17; Mon
V = 13.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 95°
17.5" (1/23/88): moderately bright, oval ~E-W, fairly small, bright core. A nice triple star lies 4' ESE; the closer components are mag 11/12 with separation 19".
Lewis Swift found IC 487 = Sw. 7-10 on 11 May 1890 and
reported "eeF; vS; R".
His position is 2' SE of
******************************
08 03 20.1 +25 48 41; Cnc
V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 95°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; very faint, small, roundish (probably slightly elongated), ~20" diameter. A dim mag 15.7 star is just off the NE edge. A mag 9.4 star is 5' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 490 = J. 1-148 on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is accurate.
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08 03 55.0 +26 31 14; Cnc
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 114°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x and 520x; very faint to faint, small, round, 12" - 15" diameter, quasi-stellar or stellar nucleus. Situated within a N-S string of mag 9 to 10.5 stars including a mag 10.2 star 1.5' NW.
IC 491 forms a very close pair (non-physical) with LEDA 1779405 0.5' NW. This 16th magnitude galaxy appeared extremely faint and small, 6" diameter, and only occasionally popped. The nearby bright star made the detection difficult.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 491 = J. 1-149 on 18 Mar 1892 and reported "very faint, very small, round, around 10" diameter."
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08 05 38.7 +26 10 05; Cnc
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.9'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, roughly oval 3:2, 0.6'x0.4', but changes shape with averted vision (like
a face-on spiral) as the low surface brightness halo is glimpsed; irregular
surface brightness. Mag 8.1
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~30"x20", slightly brighter core. A mag 14.5 star is close off the southeast edge, 30" from center. Situated just 3.4' NNE of mag 8 HD 66662.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 492 = Spitaler 15 = J. 1-150 on 5 Feb 1891 with a 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery occurred while searching the Winnecke's Comet. He reported "13m; R; very gradually brighter middle; *13.5m 1/4' sf [south-following]." He measured an accurate micrometric position with respect to HD 66662.
Rudolph Spitaler found it again 4 nights later with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna (presumably while also searching for the comet). He called it a fairly bright comet-like nebula northeast of BD +26°1713. Finally, Stephane Javelle found it a third time on 2 Mar 1892 (along with several others) with the 30-inch refractor at Nice, France. All three are credited in the NGC.
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08 07 27.6 +25 08 03; Cnc
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 17°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, contains a brighter core and a faint halo elongated 3:2 ~N-S,
~0.6'x0.4'. A mag 14.6 star is 1'
S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 493 = J. 2-151 on 2 Mar 1892 and reported "pB, elongated in the meridian [N-S]." His position is 2.4' SSW of CGCG 118-064 = PGC 22795, although this appears to have been caused by an erroneous position for his offset star (PPM 98392).
Javelle rediscovered this galaxy on 14 Dec 1906 and described J. 4-1540 as "faint, elongated along the meridian, approximately 60" x 15", gradually condensed." His position is at the NE edge of the galaxy. The 4th catalog, which included his last 330 objects, wasn't published.
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08 06 24.1 +01 02 10; CMi
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 49°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30", brighter core (fairly well defined)
that gradually increases to a faint stellar nucleus. Located 9' SSE of mag 7.3
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 494 = Big. 150 on 12 Dec 1888.
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08 08 19.4 +09 00 50; Cnc
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.55'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated E-W, diffuse, low nearly even surface brightness, 25" diameter. Two mag 9.8 stars are 5' WNW and 6' SW. A mag 12 star is 1.5' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 495 = J. 2-617 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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08 09 44.2 +25 52 54; Cnc
V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.3'; PA = 30°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; IC 496 was resolved into a
close pair (physical), separated by just 19" E-W. The brighter western component (LEDA
93095) appeared faint, very small, round, 10"-12" diameter. The
fainter eastern galaxy (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 496 = J. 1-152 on 2 Mar 1892
and reported "faint, small, round, little brighter in the
middle." He found it again on
11 Feb 1896 and reported J. 3-1025 (later
NED identifies the western galaxy as IC 496, while HyperLeda
identifies the eastern galaxy as IC 496.
Probably the number should apply to the pair (
******************************
IC 497 = MCG +04-20-001 = CGCG 118-067 = CGCG 119-002 = KTG 20A = PGC 22918
08 10 06.1 +24 55 19; Cnc
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 177°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 N-S, ~0.5'x0.2', small elongated core. An easy 12" pair of mag 12.5-13 stars is 1' N and a 14th mag star just 30" NW of center.
24" (3/22/14): at 375x appeared faint to fairly faint,
fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.4'x0.2', weak concentration. A 12" double
(mag 12.5-13 stars) lies 1' N and a mag 14 star is just off the NNW side
[27" from center]. Brightest
in the
24" (1/25/14): at 375x appeared fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 24"x12", bright core. A 12" pair of mag 12.5-13 stars
lies 1' N and a mag 14 star is 27" NW of center. This galaxy is the brightest member of the KTG 20 triplet
with UGC 4257 2' SSE and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 497 = J. 1-153 on 2 Mar 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
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08 09 30.3 +05 16 51; CMi
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x1.0'; PA = 60°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, broad weak concentration but no core/nucleus. A distinctive group of stars is to the south including E-W and N-S strings. The N-S string is roughly collinear with the galaxy. A mag 13.5/14 double at 10" separation is 2' SW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 498 on 11 Nov 1888 with the 27" Grubb refractor at the Vienna University. His position is accurate.
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08 45 16.9 +85 44 24; Cam
V = 12.5; Size 2.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 80°
18" (8/1/11): moderately bright, moderately large,
slightly elongated ~E-W, ~50"x35". Very low surface brightness outer halo with a fairly bright
central region that is sharply concentrated to a very small bright
nucleus. A mag 14 star is
superimposed on the SW side and a brighter mag 12 star is off the NE side, 1.2'
from center. Located 5.7' SW of
mag 8.5
William Denning discovered IC 499 on 8 Sep 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector while sweeping for comets. He noted it was in the same field as IC 512 and called it "pretty faint, small and much brighter in the middle. There is a telescopic star just on its N. side, and an exceedingly faint star is involved with the nebula, which lies in an irregular widely scattered group. It bears magnifying well, and is relatively much brighter than [IC 512]."
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08 12 39.6 -16 03 03; Pup
Size 1.1'x0.5'; PA = 54°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", pretty good surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is just off the NE end. Pretty rich star field.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 500 = J. 2-618 on 11 Feb 1893. His description reads "vF, diffuse, very faint * attached". His position is accurate and the star is at the NE edge.
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08 18 47.6 +24 32 15; Cnc
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.45'; PA = 125°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; very faint, very small, round,
0.3' diameter. Two mag 14.3 stars
are 1.3' SW and 1.9' N, with the galaxy just east of the line connecting the
stars.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 501 = J. 1-154 on 18 Mar 1892. He described it as "faint, roughly round, with a small central condensation." Harold Corwin notes that Max Wolf found it again on a Heidelberg Observatory plate taken in 1901 and included it in his first "Nebel-liste" (#42) that included 154 new objects in Lynx and Cancer. Dreyer caught the equivalence and assigned only one IC designation.
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08 22 03.6 +08 45 09; Cnc
V = 14.5; Size 0.55'x0.5'
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus at 375x. A 9" pair of 14th mag star is 2' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 502 = J. 2-619 on 12 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
08 22 10.7 +03 16 05; Hya
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 112°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, elongated nearly
2:1 NW-SE, ~0.7'x0.4', brighter core region, fainter extensions. A mag 12 star
is 1.5' S.
Carl Frederick Pechüle discovered IC 503 in 1888 with the 11-inch Merz refractor at the Copenhagen Observatory. It was found while searching for Comet Fay 1888 III. His position was 1.7' too far south, but the identification seems certain as there are no other candidates.
******************************
08 22 41.2 +04 15 45; Hya
V = 12.9; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 139°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; nearly moderately bright, fairly
small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0.4'. Contains a relatively large bright core with a fairly thin
halo. A mag 11.0 star is 1' SE,
the first in an equally spaced looping chain of 4 stars that leads directly to
IC 504 is the brightest of a group of 7 galaxies (WBL 179)
including
CGCG 032-012, 4.7' ENE, appeared fairly faint, very small, round, 15"-18" diameter. A mag 11.9 star is 40" SW, the first in a chain extending to IC 504.
CGCG 032-009, 4.0' N, appeared as a faint soft glow, 18", fairly smooth surface brightness.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 504 = Sw. 7-11, along with IC 505 and 506, on 8 Mar 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; R; nr. p end of 4 st. in an arc of a circle. 1st of 3." His RA is ~10 seconds too small, but the identification is certain as the description is a perfect match.
******************************
IC 505 = UGC 4382 = MCG +01-22-008 = CGCG 032-015 = WBL 179-006 = PGC 23528
08 23 21.7 +04 22 21; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x1.0'; PA = 144°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, small bright core. The halo extends further on the southeast end, so the core appears offset from center. Located on the northeast side of the IC 504 group = WBL 179, with IC 506 5' SSE and CGCG 032-013 6' W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 505 = Sw. 7-12, along with IC 504 and 506, on 8 Mar 1888 and recorded "eF; S; R; little brighter in the middle. 2nd of 3." His RA is 9 seconds too small (similar offset as IC 504), but the identification is certain.
******************************
IC 506 = MCG +01-22-009 = CGCG 032-016 = WBL 179-007 = PGC 23536
08 23 30.7 +04 17 58; Hya
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 171°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, quasi-stellar nucleus. Member of the IC 504 group (WBL 179) with IC 505 5' NNW and IC 504 12' WSW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 506 = Sw. 7-13, along with IC 504 and 505, on 8 Mar 1888 and recorded "eeF; eS; R; ee diff.; 3rd of 3."
******************************
08 25 01.9 -00 35 31; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 2.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 77°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 507 = Sw. 8-47 on 3 Feb 1888 and recorded "eeF pS; vlE; bet 2 st; sev pB st nr; driving clock failed." His RA matches NGC 2590 (despite noted uncertain), but the declination is 9' too far north. Apparently he only picked up the central portion as the outer portions are clearly elongated. This galaxy was discovered by Stephan in 1878 and his position is accurate. Corwin notes that Dreyer made an error of 30 seconds in RA in precessing Swift's position to 1860 coordinates and Howe was unable to find IC 507 on 3 nights (MN, Nov. 1900) because of the poor NGC position.
******************************
08 28 22.3 +25 07 29; Cnc
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 E-W. Sometimes a bar was noticed running E-W through the center. The galaxy appeared more roundish and ~35" diameter at 375x. A string of 5 stars (3 of 9-10th mag) running N-S lies 10' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 508 = J. 1-155 on 18 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
08 32 03.5 +24 00 39; Cnc
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.7
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, relatively large, roundish, 1' diameter, diffuse glow with only a weak central brightening. A mag 14.7 star is at the NE edge, 30" from center. Situated 8.6' SE of 5.7-mag Upsilon1 (30) Cnc and 13' WSW of mag 6.3 Upsilon 2 (32) Cnc. A mag 8.5 star is 8' NNE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 509 = J. 1-156 on 18 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
08 32 10.9 -02 09 45; Hya
V = 14.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 137°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x; faint, small, slightly
elongated NW-SE, ~30"x25", low even surface brightness. A mag 14.8 star is 1' NE and a mag 15.2
star is 0.7' SE. Roughly 8' N is a
distinctive group of 5 stars - 4 in a parallelogram and one in the interior. IC
510 is located 28' W of mag 5.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 510 = J. 2-620 on 20 Mar 1893. His description reads "faint, very small, round, uniform brightness." The object on the western arm is a companion galaxy.
******************************
08 50 22.0 +73 27 46; Cam
V = 12.1; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.5
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 511 = Sw. 8-48 on 1 Sep 1888 and
reported "vF, S, cE, wide D * nr. sf; sp of 2 [with
******************************
IC 512 = UGC 4646 = MCG +14-05-002 = CGCG 363-049 = CGCG 364-008 = LGG 145-010 = PGC 25451
09 03 49.8 +85 30 06; Cam
V = 12.2; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 175°
18" (8/1/11): moderately bright, fairly large, slightly
elongated N-S, ~1.5'x1.2'.
Asymmetric appearance with an irregular surface brightness. Appears to have a brighter
"bar" though not centered in the glow. A faint pair of stars is off the south side and a 10' string
of stars oriented NNW to SSE is off the east side. Located 12' WSW of mag 7.9
17.5" (3/20/93): fairly faint, moderately large, round,
almost even surface brightness. A
10' string of stars just east is oriented roughly N-S with a mag 9 star at the
north end. Lies 12' W of mag 8.0
William Denning discovered IC 512 on 23 Aug 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector while sweeping for comets at 40x. When he determined it was missing from the NGC, he initially thought it was probably a comet, but reobserved it several times on the morning of the 24th without detecting any motion and concluded it was a new nebula. Using 145x, he reported it was "very distinct, round, and a little brighter in the middle. There is a triangle of rather bright telescopic stars on the east side of it."
******************************
08 33 05.1 -12 21 20; Hya
Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 39°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, small brighter core/nucleus, 35"-40" along major axis. A mag 11.7 star and two 13th mag stars are a couple of arc minutes north.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 513 = J. 1-157 on 20 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
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08 35 22.3 -02 02 49; Hya
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 160°
24" (2/5/13): very faint, very small, round, 12"
diameter. A mag 16 star is
attached at the south edge.
Located 12' SSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 514 = J. 2-621, along with IC
517, on 20 Mar 1893 and recorded "vF, elongated in the meridian [N-S], no
central brightening." The
next night he discovered nearby
******************************
IC 515 = UGC 4488 = CGCG 004-068 = WBL 188-003 = PGC 24125
08 35 31.3 -01 54 04; Hya
V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 32°
24" (2/5/13): faint, very small, slightly elongated, 18"x14", soft even glow. Located 3.1' SSW of NGC 2616 in a group and 2.6' NE of a mag 11.4 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 515 = J. 2-622, along with IC 516, on 21 Mar 1893. He noted it was distinct from NGC 2616, which was also measured.
******************************
IC 516 = CGCG 004-075 = WBL 188-007 = PGC 24155
08 35 50.8 -01 52 16; Hya
V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 65°
24" (2/5/13): very faint, extremely small, slightly
elongated, 12"x8", stellar nucleus. Located 4.4' ESE of NGC 2616 in a group (WBL 188) and 5.2'
NE of IC 515.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 516 = J. 2-623, along with IC 515, on 21 Mar 1893. He noted it was distinct from NGC 2616, which was also measured.
******************************
08 36 22.1 -02 03 20; Hya
V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 29°
24" (2/5/13): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. A mag 12 star lies 1.7' SW and a mag 14.5 star is closer at 0.9' SW. Located 17' SE of NGC 2616 in the WBL 188 group (brightest member NGC 2616, along with 4 IC galaxies).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 517 = J. 2-624, along with IC 514, on 20 Mar 1893 and recorded "vF, S, irr figure, no central brightening." The next night he discovered nearby IC 515 and IC 516.
******************************
08 40 34.4 +02 36 41; Hya
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.6'; PA = .°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x; very faint, very small, round,
0.3' diameter. A mag 15 star is
0.7' W and a mag 14.5 star is 1.6' SW.
Located 14' W of mag 7.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 519 = J. 2-625 on 17 Mar 1893. His description reads "very faint, very small, round, difficult, close to a star of 14th magnitude." His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 520 = UGC 4630 = MCG +12-09-026 = PGC 24970
08 53 42.2 +73 29 27; Cam
V = 11.7; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 0°
17.5" (3/20/93): this is an unusually bright IC galaxy. It appeared moderately bright, slightly elongated 4:3 N-S with a prominent small bright core and a stellar nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is at the SE edge [46" from the center]. NGC 2646 lies 14' W.
13.1" (1/11/86): fairly faint, small, round. A faint star is near the south end.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 520 = Sw. 8-49 on 29 Aug 1888 and recorded "pB; pL; R; bM; nearly bet a nr and a distant *; nf of 2 [with IC 511]; another suspected." Swift's position is accurate. I'm surprised that the Herschels, d'Arrest and Tempel examined this area and missed this galaxy.
******************************
08 46 44.0 +02 32 15; Hya
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 80°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 25" diameter, weak broad concentration. Situated within a 7' group of stars, including four of mag 10.5-11.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 521 = J. 2-626 on 16 Mar 1893. He reported "star of 13th mag [core] surrounded by nebulosity. Nebulous character very certain." His position is accurate.
******************************
08 54 34.9 +57 10 00; UMa
V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 165°
24" (3/21/20): at 260x and 375x; moderately bright,
fairly small, slightly elongated 5:4 NNW-SSE, ~40"x32", strong
concentration with a relatively bright, round core and a diffuse outer
halo. At 375x the core increases
to a very small bright nucleus.
Mag 8.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 522 = Sw. 9-19 on 8 May 1890 and
reported "pF; pS; R; BM; pB * np; ?eeF D* involved." His position is accurate and the
"pretty bright star north-preceding" is mag 8.3
******************************
08 53 11.3 +09 08 53; Cnc
V = 13.1; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.7
17.5" (2/14/99): extremely faint, small, round,
25" diameter, low surface brightness, very weak concentration. The view was perhaps hindered by mag
8.4
At 100x using an OIII filter, Abell 31 appeared as a faint, huge, roundish glow encompassing a mag 10 star which is southeast of center. With averted vision it spanned ~8' in diameter with a very low but irregular surface brightness. The edge of the halo was not crisply defined. The bright star is part of a distinctive parallelogram with sides roughly 9'. The PN doesn't reach the mag 10 star 8' W although on photographs it extends this far.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 523 = J. 2-627 on 13 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is a little too far north as the offset star is slightly misplaced in declination.
******************************
08 58 12.8 -19 11 31; Hya
Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 19°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; between faint and
fairly faint, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.4', very small brighter core.
A mag 10.1 star is 2.3' NNW and a mag 8.4 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 524 = J. 2-628 on 18 Feb 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, nearly round. I suspect, at times, a small bright point in the center of the nebulosity." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 01 22.5 -01 51 14; Hya
V = 14.6; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 10°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x and 375x; faint, very elongated 3:1 N-S, very low even surface brightness, 0.9'x0.3'.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 525 = J. 2-629 on 20 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, little extended, peu étendue, elongated along the meridian [N-S], without condensation." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 02 40.8 +10 50 30; Cnc
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 45°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated ~5:3 NW-SE, small slightly brighter core, but fairly uniform surface brightness, 40" major axis. A mag 9.4 star is 6.5' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 526 = J. 2-630 on 19 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
09 09 41.9 +37 36 04; Lyn
V = 13.2; Size 1.7'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.0
17.5" (4/5/97): faint, fairly small, round, 1.2'
diameter, gradually increases to a slightly brighter core. On line with mag 12.5 and 10.5 stars to
the NW [2.3' and 5.2', respectively].
Located 13' E of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 527 = Sw. 9-20 on 19 April 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pL; R; ee dif; 2759 in field sf." His position is a good match with UGC 4810 although NGC 2759 lies to the west-northwest.
******************************
09 09 22.6 +15 47 46; Cnc
V = 14.1; Size 1.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 163°
48" (4/1/11): at 488x appeared bright, moderately
large, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.4', sharply concentrated with a small,
very bright core. Brightest of 5
close galaxies in
17.5" (4/5/97): faint, moderately large, elongated ~3:1
NNW-SSE, 1.4'x0.4'. Contains a
brighter core with faint tapering extensions. View hampered by a mag 9 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 528 = J. 2-631 on 12 Dec 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "pB, vS, R, mottled, Nucl =13m" and measured an accurate position.
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09 18 32.7 +73 45 37; Cam
V = 11.9; Size 3.6'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 145°
17.5" (4/5/97): moderately bright, fairly large irregular glow, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ill-defined halo up to ~2.8'x1.4', broad concentration to an ill-defined core. A mag 14 star is just north of the SE end [1.2' from center] and a second mag 13.5-14 star is close NE [1.9' from center]. With averted vision, the outer halo increases further south than the star off the SE flank.
William Denning discovered IC 529 around 1890 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector . The discovery was apparently communicated directly to Dreyer.
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09 15 17.0 +11 53 08; Cnc
V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x0.4'; PA = 87°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; relatively bright (for an IC), fairly large edge-on, ~4:1 E-W, ~1.0'x0.25, but with averted vision appears to extend up to 1.5' in length. Contains a bright, elongated core. A mag 9.8 star is 3.7' N and a mag 13.5 star is 3' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 530 = J. 1-158 on 22 Mar 1892.
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09 17 50.8 -00 16 43; Hya
V = 13.8; Size 1.7'x0.5'; PA = 60°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 1' major axis, low surface brightness, weak concentration with only a slightly brighter core. A mag 12.5 star is 1' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 531 = J. 2-632 on 9 Mar 1893.
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09 20 23 -03 59 31; Hya
Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 155°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, very small, slightly elongated ~NNW-SSE, 15"x10". A mag 15 star is 1' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 533 = J. 2-633 on 18 Feb
1893. He recorded "extremely
faint, small, poorly defined, whitish spot without condensation." HyperLEDA and SIMBAD identify this
galaxy as
******************************
09 21 15.5 +03 09 04; Hya
V = 14.7; Size 1.6'x0.25'; PA = 148°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, relatively large, very
thin streak ~8:1 NW-SE, ~1.5'x0.2', very low nearly even surface brightness,
slightly brighter middle. A mag 13.5 star is 1.5' N of center and a mag 13.8
star is 1.9' SE (aligned with major axis).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 534 = J. 2-634 on 17 Apr 1893. He described it as "very faint, small, diffuse. Appears as a whitish spot of uniform brightness." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 22 16.2 -01 02 25; Hya
V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.5'
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; very faint, very small, round,
20" diameter. A small
triangle of mag 14-15.5 stars is 2' SSW.
Mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 535 = J. 2-635 on 20 Mar 1893. He recorded it as "faint, round, very small, without condensation."
******************************
09 24 40.1 +25 06 37; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 1.2'x0.2'; PA = 24°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint,
elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, extends with averted to ~50"x20". A mag 10.3 star is less than 5' NW.
Located 16' ESE of mag 6.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 536 = J. 1-159 on 28 Mar 1892. His description reads "faint, round, 30" diameter, with slight central condensation." His position is off the northeast end of the galaxy (error in offset star?).
******************************
09 25 22.6 -12 23 30; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1
48" (5/9/21): at 375x; fairly bright, round, strong
concentration, very bright core that increases somewhat to the center, much
lower surface brightness halo ~45" diameter. A mag 13.1 star is off the south side, 0.7' from
center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 537 = J. 1-160 on 19 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
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09 27 18.5 +23 01 12; Leo
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 80°
17.5" (4/13/91): faint, very small, round, stellar
nucleus. A mag 15 star is 40"
E of center and a mag 14 star is 2' NW.
Located 8' NW of mag 8.5
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 538 = Big. 154 on 21 Mar
1890. His position (from 4
observations) matches
******************************
09 29 08.2 -02 32 57; Hya
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.9'
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~25"x20", weak concentration with slightly brighter nucleus. Two small chains of mag 13 and fainter stars extend to the north and northwest. IC 539 is located 13' N of mag 4.9 Tau1 Hya. A mag 7 companion is 1.1' to its north and the pair (cataloged as HJ 1167) is collinear with the galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 539 = J. 2-636 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is good.
******************************
09 30 10.3 +07 54 10 ; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 171°
24" (2/23/22): at 375x; fairly diffuse, very elongated ~3:1 N-S, ~45"x15", low nearly even surface brightness. A mag 10 star is 5' NNE. Located 30' SE of 5.7-mag 3 Leonis. NGC 2894 lies 15' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 540 = J. 2-637 on 10 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
09 31 06.2 -13 10 53; Hya
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 95°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 E-W, fairly even surface brightness, 30"x10". A half-dozen mag 13-13.5 stars are within 4'.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 542 = J. 1-161 on 22 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
09 35 53.4 +24 53 42; Leo
Size 0.8'x0.25'; PA = 24°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 30" length, low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 544 = J. 1-162, along with nearby IC 545, on 21 Mar 1892. His description reads "very faint, poorly defined, difficult."
******************************
IC 545 = MCG +04-23-013 = CGCG 122-027 = Ark 205 = PGC 27307
09 36 05.4 +24 56 56; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7
24" (3/23/22): at 260x and 375x; faint, very small, round, 15". A mag 14 star is close off the E edge, 0.4' from center. This galaxy is a patchy blue spiral. Forms a pair with IC 544 4.3' SW. Located 29' NW of mag 6.6 9 Leonis.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 545 = J. 1-163, along with nearby IC 544, on 21 Mar 1892. He recorded "faint, elongated following the diurnal movement [E-W]. Precedes a small star." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 34 50.2 -16 23 04; Hya
Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 100°
24" (2/13/18): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated
E-W, 25"x20" diameter. A
mag 13.7 star is attached on the north side. Located 5' WNW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 546 = J. 1-164 on 23 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
09 36 05.8 -12 26 13; Hya
V = 12.4; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 25°
17.5" (3/25/95): fairly faint, round, 1.2' diameter, almost even surface brightness, well-defined outer edge to halo. Two mag 11 stars are off the SE edge 1.6' and 2.1' from the center. Incorrectly listed as nonexistent in the RNGC.
Stephane Javelle found IC 547 = J. 1-165 on 20 Apr 1892 and
recorded "pB, small, round, 20" diameter, weak
concentration". His position
matches
******************************
09 38 19.3 +09 26 46; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 166°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; faint, very small, elongated 2:1
~N-S, ~15"x8". Situated
between two faint stars; a mag 15.5 star is 0.9' NE and a mag 15.7 star is 0.6'
SSW. IC 548 is the third in a trio
(line of sight) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 548 = J. 2-638 on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
09 40 43.2 +03 57 35; Hya
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 0°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, elongated
~5:3 N-S, ~25"x18", low surface brightness. A mag 14.8 star is 1' NW, with similar stars 2' NE and 2'
SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 549 = J. 2-639 on 19 Feb 1894. He recorded "very faint, small, irregular form, central condensation." The IC position is 1.6' too far north.
******************************
09 40 28.6 -06 56 46; Hya
Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 32°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; nearly moderately bright,
slightly elongated SW-NE, ~0.6' diameter, bright core increases gradually to a
small bright nucleus. Located less than 5' SW of mag 7.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 550 = J. 2-640 on 18 Feb 1893. He recorded "faint, extremely small, stellar [nebula]."
******************************
09 41 00.1 +06 56 10; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 155°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; moderately bright, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, ~0.6' diameter, good surface brightness, small bright core increases somewhat to the center. NGC 2948 is 30' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 551 = J. 2-641 on 10 Apr 1893. He recorded "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, surrounds a stellar nucleus of 13th mag." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 41 16.6 +10 38 49; Leo
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 176°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.8'x0.4', small bright core increases to a quasi-stellar nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 552 = J. 1-166 on 23 Apr 1892. His description reads "faint, round, 10" diameter, small nucleus of 14th mag, stellar [nucleus?]." His position is accurate.
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09 40 45.1 -05 26 07; Hya
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 118°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, 30" diameter, nearly even surface
brightness. A mag 14 star is close
SE [0.9' from center].
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 553 = J. 2-642 on 18 Feb 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, round, 20" in diameter." His position is accurate.
******************************
09 41 56.9 +12 17 47; Leo
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.5'; PA = 18°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 554 = Sw. 10A-1 on 28 Mar 1892 and recorded "eeF, eS, almost stellar." This was the first object in a short list of 8 nebulae published in MNRAS Vol. LIII, p.273, in his last year observing at the Warner Observatory in Rochester. There is nothing near his position, but 9' SSE is IC 555, which Stephane Javelle discovered just 6 nights earlier! So, it's reasonable to assume IC 554 is a duplicate observation of IC 555 given Swift's often poor positions in his later years. Courtney Seligman questions this identification due to the discrepant descriptions (Javelled called the galaxy "pretty bright"), but Javelle was using a much larger refractor.
******************************
IC 555 = IC 554 = UGC 5178 = MCG +02-25-020 = CGCG 063-047 = PGC 27716
09 41 56.9 +12 17 47; Leo
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.5'; PA = 18°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE. 35"x15", sharply concentrated with a bright elongated core and stellar nucleus. The extensions have a low surface brightness. A mag 10.8 star lies 3.7' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 555 = J. 1-167 on 22 Mar 1892. Described as "pretty bright, round, about 10" diameter, central condensation."
The galaxy was probably found again by Lewis Swift 6 nights later and reported as the first object in a short list that appeared between his 10th and 11th formal lists. Swift's declination for Sw. 10A-1 (later IC 554) was 8' too far north.
******************************
09 43 40.4 +11 03 39; Leo
V = 13.4; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6
17.5" (4/1/00): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration. The halo, which fades at the edges, increases to ~0.6' with averted vision. A mag 14.5 star is close SSW (33" from center) and a slightly brighter star lies 0.9' NE.
Stephane Javelle found IC 556 = J. 1-168 on 22 Apr 1892 and
reported "F, vS, R, nucleus = 14th mag". His position matches
This galaxy was probably discovered by William Herschel on 15 Mar 1784 and catalogued as H. III-34 (later NGC 2984), but his position was unusually poor -- 1 min 19 sec of RA west and 3.5' south of IC 556. Karl Reinmuth mentioned he couldn't find NGC 2984 in Dreyer's place using Heidelberg plates and questioned if it was equal to IC 556. This is likely the case as there are no other reasonable candidates for NGC 2984 in the vicinity. UGC, CGCG and MCG label this galaxy as IC 556 and RNGC calls it NGC 2984. See Corwin's identification notes.
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IC 557 = MCG +02-25-027 = CGCG 063-055 = PGC 27866
09 44 02.4 +10 59 17; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 40°
17.5" (4/1/00): faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 30"x15", weak concentration, very faint stellar nucleus at moments. The elongation was not always evident, so often was just viewing the slightly brighter core. Located 7' SE of NGC 2984.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 557 = J. 1-169 on 22 Apr 1892. His micrometric position is accurate.
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09 45 00.4 +29 27 08; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'; PA = 165°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, slightly brighter core and nearly stellar nucleus. An easy unequal double is 9' NE (BRT 247 = 10.0/11.1 at 5.3").
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 558 on 23 Feb 1889 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna.
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09 44 43.9 +09 36 54; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.75'; PA = 87°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 30"x25", uniform surface brightness. A mag 10.4 star is 2' E. A similar star is 6' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 559 = J. 2-643 on 13 Apr 1893. He recorded "faint, not very large, round, 40" diameter, without condensation." His position is accurate.
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09 45 53.4 -00 16 06 ; Sex
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 18°
24" (4/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S. Contains a very small, round bright core with a low surface brightness halo extending 0.6'x0.3'. A mag 10.8 star is just off the south side [36" SSW of center] and a mag 14.3 star is 45" W. Located 5' SSE of mag 9.0 HD 84499.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 560 = J. 2-644 on 9 Mar 1893. His position is 1' too far south due to an error in the dec of his offset star.
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09 45 58.9 +03 08 42 ; Sex
V = 14.7; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 6°
24" (2/24/20): at 200x; between faint and fairly faint,
small, round, fairly low uniform surface brightness, 20"-24"
diameter. The close pair
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 561 = J. 2-645 on 21 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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09 46 03.9 -03 58 16; Sex
V = 14.2; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 147°
24" (4/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, very thin attractive edge-on, ~7:1 NNW-SSE, ~70"x10". Contains a slightly brighter elongated core, but no nucleus or noticeable bulge. A mag 15.3 star is off the NNW tip [56" from center]. A rough parallelogram of mag 10 stars (sides ~6'x4') lies east, with the closest star 6' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 562 = J. 2-646 on 8 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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IC 563 = Arp 303 NED1 = MCG +01-25-022 = CGCG 035-053 = Holm 143B = WBL 239-002 = PGC 28032
09 46 20.3 +03 02 44; Sex
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 111°
24" (2/24/20): at 200x; between faint and fairly faint,
fairly small, oval 3:2 or 5:3, , 30"x20", low even surface
brightness. Forms a close pair
(Arp 303) with brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 563 = J. 2-647, along with IC 564, on 12 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 564 = Arp 303 NED2 = MCG +01-25-022 = CGCG 035-053 = Holm 143a = WBL 239-003 = PGC 28032
09 46 21.1 +03 04 17; Sex
V = 13.4; Size 1.7'x0.4'; PA = 68°
24" (2/24/20): at 200x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 1.1'x0.35'. Contains a relatively large, slightly brighter central region but no distinct nucleus. Forms a close pair (Arp 303) with IC 563 1.6' S, and brightest in a trio (WBL 239) with IC 561 7' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 564 = J. 2-648, along with IC 563, on 12 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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09 47 50.5 +15 51 07; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 1.6'x0.2'; PA = 51°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, thin edge-on at least 6:1 SW-NE, relatively large, ~1.0'x0.15', low even surface brightness. Images show a warped disc with a small companion at the W edge.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 565 = J. 2-649 on 16 Dec 1893. He recorded "faint, small, poor definition, without condensation." and measured a good position.
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09 49 56.4 -00 13 53; Sex
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (3/23/22): at 375x; fairly faint, very small,
round, decent surface brightness, 15" diameter. Located just 4' W of mag 7.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 566 = J. 2-650 on 9 Mar 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, round, 20" or more diameter. I glimpse, at times, a very small central nucleus."
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09 51 08.3 +15 43 50; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.9'; PA = 16°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated E-W, ~30"x24", low irregular surface brightness
with only a very weak central brightening. In a faint quartet (USGC U264) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 568 = J. 2-651, along with IC 570, 571 on 15 Jan 1893. His position is accurate.
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09 51 28.2 +10 55 12; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 163°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint,
small, slightly elongated ~N-S, even surface brightness,
~20"x15". Nearly
collinear with two mag 14.2/14.4 stars 1.3' S and 2.7' SSE. Located 8' ENE of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 569 = J. 1-170 on 27 Jan 1892. His description reads "very faint, poorly defined, with a very slight condensation."
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IC 570 = MCG +03-25-032 = CGCG 092-060 = PGC 28407
09 51 51.0 +15 45 21; Leo
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 60°
24" (4/13/18): at 375x; extremely faint and small,
round, 12" diameter, low even surface brightness, requires averted to
glimpse. Located 10' W of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 570 = J. 2-652, along with IC 568, on 15 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.
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IC 571 = MCG +03-25-035 = CGCG 092-063 = PGC 28445
09 52 31.6 +15 46 32; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 0°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter, slightly brighter stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus. Similar to IC 572 3.1' N. Member of a quartet (USGC U264) with IC 570, 571 and 572.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 571 = J. 2-653, along with IC 572, on 15-16 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 572 = Ark 220 = MCG +03-25-036 = CGCG 092-064 = PGC 28456
09 52 32.8 +15 49 37; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very weak concentration. Similar to IC 571 3.1' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 572 = J. 2-65, along with IC 571, on 16 Dec 1893.
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09 53 35.7 -12 28 55; Hya
V = 12.5; Size 1.3'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 35°
28" (4/12/18): at 366x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated ~3:2 SW-NE, ~40"x25", very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 13.6 star is 1.1' W. A very close, faint pair (~6" separation) is 1.1' SSE.
17.5" (4/15/93): faint, fairly small, round, low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 1.0' W. A wide mag 12/13 pair at 45" separation lies 2' SSW and a mag 12/13.5 pair at 30" separation E-W lies 3.5' W.
Stephane Javelle found IC 573 = J. 1-171 on 20 Apr
1892. His position is a good match
with the double system
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09 54 27.0 -06 57 12; Sex
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7
18" (4/14/12): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
4:3 N-S, 24"x18", small brighter core.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 574 = J. 2-655, along with IC 575, on 9 Mar 1893. He noted "pB, S, R, 20" dia, mbM, * 12 s." and measured an accurate micrometric position
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IC 575 = Arp 292 = VV 111 = MCG -01-25-058 = PGC 28575
09 54 32.9 -06 51 27; Sex
V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x1.1'; PA = 126°
48" (2/20/12): this unusual system has a dust lane along the major axis and a polar-ring like disc. The galaxy appears as a fairly bright oval, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.4', with a small bright core. There was only a hint of the dust lane but narrow extensions or spikes were visible poking out on the NW and SE end, with the SE extension brighter. A mag 15.2 star is 1.3' NNE and two mag 13 and 14.5 stars are 2.3' SE and 1.7' SE, respectively
There are two close companions but I only noted
18" (4/14/12): at 246x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 NW-SE, ~28"x21", only a very weak broad concentration with no core or zones. The extensions seen in the 48" were not resolved. IC 574 lies 6' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 575 = J. 2-656, along with IC 574, on 9 Mar 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
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09 55 07.0 +11 02 22; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.5'; PA = 168°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. A 12" pair is 5' ENE. Several faint stars are close north, including four in an E-W chain.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 576 = J. 1-172 on 27 Jan 1892. He logged it as "very faint, round, 10" diameter." and measured an accurate position.
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09 56 04.0 +10 29 56; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.5'
24" (4/13/18): at 200x; very faint, small glow with a
mag 14.5 star superimposed at the south edge, 25" diameter. Forms a pair (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 577 = J. 1-173, along with IC 578, on 22 Mar 1892. His position is accurate. The description should read "F * s[outh]", instead of "F * n"
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IC 578 = UGC 5337 = MCG +02-26-002 = CGCG 064-004 = PGC 28674
09 56 16.1 +10 29 10; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.45'; PA = 70°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~WSW-ENE, ~30"x20", very small slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a physical pair (KPG 220 at z = .03) with IC 577, 3' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 578 = J. 1-174, along with IC
577, on 22 Mar 1892. His position
is just off the northwest edge of
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09 56 39.4 -13 46 30; Hya
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 132°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x; very faint (at best), fairly
small, elongated NW-SE, low surface brightness. It was challenging to see the shape clearly, but seemed at
times elongated 3:1, ~0.6'x0.2'.
More difficult to see when I increased to 226x. Located 19' S of mag 6.8
The identification of this galaxy as IC 579 is very uncertain (due to a poor discovery position) and the number is probably lost.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 579 = Sw. 8-50 on 25 Mar 1889 and
reported "pF; pS; R."
There is nothing near his position and a search due east or west didn't
reveal any possible candidates.
Harold Corwin suggests this number may apply to
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09 57 56.7 +10 25 57; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 166°
13.1" (4/10/86): very faint, very small. Located on a line with
Stephane Javelle found IC 580 = J. 1-175 on 22 Mar 1892 and
recorded "pF, vS, irr form."
His position is very close north of
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09 58 11.6 +15 56 49; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 130°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint,
elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~30"x20", occasional very faint stellar
nucleus. A mag 12.8 star is 1.3'
N. A very faint, nearly stellar galaxy (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 581 = J. 2-657 on 16 Dec 1893. He recorded "quite bright, not large, ill-defined, envelops a core of 13th mag." His position is accurate.
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09 59 00.2 +17 49 02; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'
24" (4/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
irregularly round, ~36"x30".
Slightly irregular surface brightness with a very small slightly
brighter nucleus. Forms a close
(physical) pair (Holm 155 at z = .025) with fainter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 582 = J. 2-658, along with IC 583, on 16 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
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IC 583 = UGC 5363 = MCG +03-26-012 = CGCG 093-017 = Holm 155B = PGC 28844
09 59 05.1 +17 49 17; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.15'; PA = 113°
24" (4/13/18): at 375x; faint, fairly small, elongated 3:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness, ~30"x10". Forms a close pair with brighter IC 582 just 1.2' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 583 = J. 2-658, along with IC 582, on 16 Dec 1893. His position is accurate.
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09 59 05.1 +10 21 40; Leo
V = 14.8; Size 0.35'x0.35'
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, small, round, 15"
diameter. Often appeared elongated N-S (~20" total length), but this is
due to a mag 15.8 star at the south edge.
Located 7.5' SE of mag 7.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 584 = J. 1-176 on 28 Jan 1892. He described it as "extremely faint, roughly round, 20" to 30" diameter, no concentration."
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09 59 44.2 +12 59 18; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5" (3/29/97): faint, small, round, bright core,
40" diameter. Located 4.4' SW
of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 585 = Big. 157 on 18 Mar 1890. His Comptes Rendus position is about 2' too far north (but matches in RA) and there is no mention of nearby N3080.
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09 59 50.3 -06 55 22; Sex
Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (3/31/22): at 226x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, broad and weak concentration. Nearly on the line connecting a mag 14.3 star 1.5' NW and a mag 11.3 star 2.7' NW. A mag 10 star is 3.5' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 586 = J. 2-660 on 9 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, very small, poorly defined, mottled appearance." His position is accurate.
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10 03 05.2 -02 24 00; Sex
V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 106°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint low surface brightness oval, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 35"x20", no core or zones.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 587 = J. 2-661 on 20 Mar 1893. There is nothing at his position, but if his offsets are reversed in direction. Once corrected his position matches UGC 5411.
The MCG identifies this galaxy only as -00-26-012 and the CGCG as 470-028. Neither list the IC identity, though the online databases NED, HyperLeda and SIMBAD do.
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10 02 07.0 +03 03 28; Sex
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 164°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 30"x15", contains a very small bright core with faint extensions. Visible steadily with direct vision. A mag 13 star is 2.5' W and a mag 10.9 star is 5' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 588 = J. 2-662 on 17 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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10 04 23.9 -05 40 44; Sex
Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 20°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, round, 20"-24" diameter, occasionally a very small brighter nucleus popped. Double star HJ 150 = 11.8/11.9 at 13" is 9' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 589 = J. 2-663 on 9 Mar
1893. He noted "very faint,
very small, ill-defined, seems to have, at times, two centers of
condensation." His position
is accurate. HyperLEDA and SIMBAD
do not identify
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10 05 50.2 +00 37 59; Sex
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.9'
24" (4/14/18): at 282x and 375x; fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE. The twin nuclei (separation 13") of this merged double system were immediately resolved within a common halo. With careful viewing two overlapping haloes were visible, each ~15"-20" diameter. The nuclei are oriented NW and SE with the NW nucleus slightly brighter and clearly stellar. The eastern halo is possibly slightly larger and the nucleus was quasi-stellar. A mag 12.6 star is 1' WNW. Located 1.1° NW of mag 4.5 Alpha Sextans.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 590 = J. 2-664 on 11 Mar 1893 and wrote "faint, diffuse, appears as a double star surrounded by nebulosity". Javelle's description implies he resolved both nuclei in this close double system.
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10 07 27.7 +12 16 28; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 170°
24" (3/31/22 and 4/15/23): at 226x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~5:3 N-S, ~40"x25", broad concentration. The brighter core region is rounder. Located 23' NNW of Regulus and 15' W of the center of the Leo I dwarf.
17.5" (2/13/88): faint, small, slightly elongated, even surface brightness. Located 15' W of center of dwarf galaxy Leo I in the same 140x field (35')!
David Todd discovered IC 591 = Todd 22 = J. 1-177 on 6 Feb 1878 during his search for a trans-Neptunian planet using the 26-inch Clark refractor at USNO. It was not assigned an NGC designation as no position was given. But Harold Corwin found his sketch is a good match with UGC 5458, specifically a mag 13 star that is 86 seconds of time west, along with a pair of stars that are roughly 5' ENE of IC 591.
Stephane Javelle independently discovered this galaxy on 31
Mar 1892, so the IC position is accurate.
UGC doesn't label
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10 07 58.8 -02 29 50; Sex
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (4/14/18): at 282x; faint, small, round, at most
30" diameter, low surface brightness. The view was significantly affected by mag 7.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 592 = J. 2-665, along with IC 593, on 21 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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IC 593 = UGC 5469 = MCG +00-26-021 = CGCG 008-047 = PGC 29482
10 08 18.0 -02 31 36; Sex
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 97°
24" (4/14/18): at 282x; faint, small, round, 25" diameter, fairly low even surface brightness. Located 5' E of mag 7.7 HD 87888, far enough away to keep outside the field. Forms a pair with IC 592 5' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 593 = J. 2-666, along with IC 592, on 21 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
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10 08 32.0 -00 40 01; Sex
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 127°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small,
very elongated ~3:1 NW-SE, low uniform surface brightness,
40"x15". Situated just
2' S of mag 9.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 594 = J. 2-667 on 17 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, small, round, 30" in diameter, gradually condensed, looks grainy." His position is accurate.
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10 09 38.1 +11 00 01; Leo
V = 14.3; Size 0.7x0.5'; PA = 170°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is 3' ENE and an equilateral triangle (sides 2') of mag 14-14.5 stars is ~8' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 595 = J. 1-178 on 28 Jan 1892. Recorded as "faint, small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration." His position is accurate.
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10 10 31.4 +10 02 33; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 19°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x, 327x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, very elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~40"x15", weak concentration, slightly brighter nucleus. Three mag 13-14 stars to N and NE, the closest one is 2' N. Two mag 14 stars to SW, closest is 2' SW. Located 39' ENE of mag 4.4 31 Leonis.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 596 = J. 2-668 on 18 Apr 1893. Noted as "faint, small, poorly defined, diffuse." His position is accurate.
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10 10 12.0 -06 53 57; Sex
Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 170°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, small,
elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.25', low surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 597 = J. 2-669 on 4 May
1893. Described as "faint,
small, round, 20" diameter, without condensation." His position is accurate. HyperLEDA and SIMBAD fail to recognize
******************************
10 12 48.6 +43 08 44; UMa
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x0.45'; PA = 7°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 N-S, 1.0'x0.35'. Contains a small high surface brightness core with much fainter wings N-S. Located 49' WNW of mag 3.4 Lambda UMa (Tania Borealis).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 598 = Sw. 8-51 on 27 Mar 1889 and
reported "vF; vS; R; BM. Almost stellar." There is nothing at his position, but 6.6' SSW is
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10 13 12.5 -05 37 44; Sex
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 36°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; very faint, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 SW-NE, ~30"x15". A mag 15 star is 1.6' SSE and a mag 11.2 star is 5' ESE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 599 = J. 2-670 on 4 May 1890. He recorded "Quite faint, small, poorly defined, very slightly condensed."
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10 17 10.9 -03 29 52; Sex
V = 12.5; Size 2.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 25°
17.5" (3/25/95): faint, moderately large, 1.5'
diameter, irregularly round, broad concentration, low surface brightness. Forms the vertex of an obtuse isosceles
triangle with a nice double star 5' N (mag 11/12 at 18" separation) and a
mag 9 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 600 = J. 2-671 on 3 May 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.
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10 18 15.3 +07 02 19; Leo
V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 41°
17.5" (3/25/00): extremely faint, very small streak,
~20"x5". Visible with
averted vision only and could not hold continuously. Located 1.3' SW of brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 601 = J. 2-672, along with IC 602, on 10 Apr 1893.
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IC 602 = NGC 3186? = UGC 5561 = MCG +01-26-034 = CGCG 036-089 = Ark 237 = Holm 176a = PGC 30090
10 18 19.7 +07 02 57; Leo
V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 177°
17.5" (3/25/00): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
2:1 N-S, 0.8'x0.4', small bright core.
A mag 12 star is just off the SW end. A group of 4 stars (trapezoid outline) is 4' NE. Forms a pair with much fainter IC 601
1.3' SW (see notes). MCG
+01-26-032 (identified as
17.5" (3/22/96): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.8'x0.6'. A mag 12.5-13 star is just off the SW side 35" from center. A nearly square asterism of mag 11.5-14 stars with sides ~1.5' lies 4' NE. Forms a pair with IC 601 1.3' SW (not seen).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 602 = J. 2-673, along with IC 601, on 10 Apr 1893. NGC 3186 may be identical to IC 602. See that number for the story.
******************************
10 19 25.1 -05 39 22; Sex
Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 155°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 375x; fairly faint, slightly
elongated 5:4 NNW-SSE, 35" diameter, a little brighter core, occasional
brighter nucleus flashed. The problem is mag 9.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 603 = J. 2-674 on 4 May 1893. He noted "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, stellar nucleus of mag 13.5." Host of SN 2002jm.
******************************
10 23 45.2 +57 01 38; UMa
V = 13.0; Size 1.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 96°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 604 = Sw. 9-22 on 8 Aug 1890 and reported "eeeF; vS; eeE; spindle; ? several eeF st[ars] in a line." His position and description matches NGC 3220 = UGC 5614. William Herschel discovered this galaxy on 8 Apr 1793 and also recorded an accurate position (offset). Dreyer apparently missed the match in position, but NGC 3220 = IC 604.
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10 22 24.1 +01 11 54; Sex
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.55'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 9°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 375x; faint, small, round,
25" diameter, low nearly uniform surface brightness. Located 6' NW and of
mag 8.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 605 = J. 2-675 on 11 Mar 1893. He noted "faint, roughly round, 30" diameter, gradually condensed."
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10 23 32.6 +10 57 35; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 30°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; between faint and
pretty faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter center. A
mag 14.3 star is 1.4' SW. Located
25' NW of mag 6.8
18" (3/11/07): faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.4'x0.3', weak concentration. Situated in a small group of mag 13-14 stars and a mag 11.6 star 2.6' SE. Discovered by David Todd in his search for a trans-Neptunian planet and equivalent to IC 606.
Stephane Javelle found IC 606 = J. 2-676 on 18 Apr
1893. His position matches CGCG
065-017 = PGC 30448. David Todd
discovered this galaxy on 4 Mar 1878 using the 26-inch Clark refractor at the
US Naval Observatory during his search for a trans-Neptunian planet. His position for Todd 29 (later
******************************
10 24 08.6 +16 44 31; Leo
V = 13.2; Size 1.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 110°
28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly faint, moderately large, irregular round, ~0.8' diameter. Contains a small, slightly brighter nucleus. Occasionally a slightly brighter spot appeared on the north side [brightening at the end of the central bar]. A mag 14.3 star is just off the SW side [45" from center]. Two mag 12.5 stars lie 3' and 4' SE
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large,
round, low surface brightness, ~50" diameter, slightly brighter core, very
faint nucleus (possibly stellar).
A mag 14.3 star is 45" SW. A 1' pair of mag 12/12.5 stars 3'-4' SE
is collinear with the galaxy.
Located 28' SW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 607 = Sw. 8-52 on 29 Mar 1889 and
recorded "eeF; pS; R; * near sp; 2 near sf point to it; ee
difficult." His position is
2' too far north, but the description is a perfect match with
******************************
10 24 21.1 -06 02 21; Sex
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 108°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated E-W, 30" diameter, diffuse with a low surface brightness, very slightly brighter center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 608 = J. 2-677 on 4 May 1893. Described as "faint, small, round, 30" diameter, even surface brightness." His position is accurate.
******************************
10 25 35.5 -02 12 56; Sex
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 10°
17.5" (3/29/97): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2
SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8', very weak concentration. An unequal pair of mag 13/14.5 stars [at 36"
separation] lies 3.5' W. The
nearby companion
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 609 = J. 2-678 on 21 Mar 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
10 26 28.4 +20 13 42; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 1.8'x0.25'; PA = 28°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; moderately faint, very
nice edge-on, fairly large, pretty uniform in thickness and brightness,
~1.6'x0.25', just a very slight central brightening and bulge. A wide pair of mag 10/11 stars at 1.1'
separation is 5' N. IC 610 is
located 4.8' SE of mag 9.1
Édouard Stephan first discovered IC 610 = Sw. 8-53 on 13 Mar 1874. His RA was just 2 seconds too small, though he never published this observation and this galaxy didn't receive a NGC designation.
Lewis Swift discovered it again on 20 Apr 1889 (after the publication of the NGC) and reported it in his 8th discovery list as "eeF; pS; cE; in center of semicircle of 3 wide D st; ee diff." His RA was 12 seconds too small. Swift apparently found this edge-on again just 2 nights later and called it "eF; S; lE." His position is just 1.4' to the NW. Since his positions for #53 and #54 were fairly similar, it's surprising neither Swift nor Dreyer questioned if they were identical.
CGCG and MCG only identify this galaxy as
******************************
IC 611 = IC 610 = UGC 5653 = MCG +03-27-034 = CGCG 094-052 = FGC 1067 = PGC 30670
10 26 28.4 +20 13 42; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 1.8'x0.25'; PA = 28°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; moderately faint, very nice edge-on, fairly large, pretty uniform in thickness and brightness, ~1.6'x0.25', just a very slight central brightening and bulge. A wide pair of mag 10/11 stars at 1.1' separation is 5' N. IC 610 is located 4.8' SE of mag 9.1 HD 90360 (a double star is 1' to its south) and 48' NE of the NGC 3226/3227 pair (Arp 94).
Lewis Swift found IC 611 = Sw. 8-54 on 22 Apr 1889 and reported "eF; S; lE." His position is less than 2' NW of IC 610, discovered two night earlier by Swift! See IC 610.
******************************
10 27 05.8 +11 03 17; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 0°
17.5" (5/19/01): extremely faint and small, round, 15"
diameter. Forms the northern
vertex of a small triangle with two mag 13 stars 40" SSW and 46"
SE. Located in the core of AGC
1016 with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 612 = J. 2-679, along with IC 613 and 615 on 18 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
******************************
IC 613 = MCG +02-27-018 = CGCG 065-038 = PGC 30728
10 27 07.8 +11 00 39; Leo
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.8'
17.5" (5/19/01): faint, small, round, 0.6', low surface
brightness. A mag 11 star lies
1.9' W. In the core of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 613 = J. 2-680, along with IC 612 and 615 on 18 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
******************************
10 26 51.9 -03 27 53; Sex
Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 17°
48" (4/18/15): at 697x; this Ring galaxy appeared moderately bright, round, sharply concentrated with a small bright core about 12" diameter and a low surface brightness halo ~30" diameter. The ring feature (brighter rim) was not seen.
IC 614 is classified as a Collisional Ring Galaxy in Madore's 2009 "Atlas and Catalogue of Collisional Ring Galaxies". The collider is supposedly on the north side of the ring, but there is no distinct object at this position on the SDSS. The nucleus is a Sy2.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 614 = J. 2-681 on 3 May 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
IC 615 = UGC 5665 = MCG +02-27-020 = CGCG 065-041 = PGC 30751
10 27 22.1 +11 04 47; Leo
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.3'; PA = 143°
17.5" (5/19/01): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness. Extended towards a mag 13 star 2' SE of center. Brightest of trio in core of AGC 1016 with IC 613 4.2' SW and IC 612 5.4' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 615 = J. 2-682, along with IC 612 and 613 on 18 Apr 1893 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory.
******************************
10 32 47.6 +15 51 39; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.0
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small, round, 30"-40" diameter, nearly even surface brightness. A mag 13.7 star is 1.5' SE. Two mag 11.2/11.6 stars situated 5.5' and 8' WNW point directly to the galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 616 = J. 2-683 on 16 Dec 1893. Noted as "faint, a little extended, round(ish?), 40" diameter, without concentration."
******************************
10 32 43.7 -12 38 15; Hya
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 617 = J. 1-179 on 19 Apr 1892. His position matches MCG -02-27-006/007 = PGC 31153/31156 (a third component may have been too faint). This galaxy was discovered earlier by both Andrew Ainsley Common in 1880 and Francis Leavenworth in 1886 and catalogued as NGC 3280 and 3295, respectively. Both of the earlier positions were very poor, so Javelle assumed this was a new discovery, but NGC 3280 = NGC 3295 = IC 617. See Harold Corwin's identification notes and Malcolm Thomson's IC Research Database for more.
******************************
10 32 45.4 -12 43 03; Hya
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 618 = J. 1-180 on 19 Apr 1892 and
reported "faint, small, elongated E-W, slightly brighter
center." His position matches
******************************
10 33 50.0 +12 52 42; Leo
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 177°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, low surface brightness, very weak concentration, at most 30" diameter.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 619 = Sw. 8-55 on 21 Apr
1889. His description reads
"eeF; S; R; a pretty large triangle of 3 faint stars following, one a very
faint double." There is
nothing at all near his position.
******************************
10 33 33.4 +11 52 17; Leo
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 88°
24" (3/31/22 and 3/15/23): at 226x and 327x; faint,
fairly diffuse, nearly even surface brightness (small slightly brighter
nucleus), roundish, well defined 25" halo. A mag 10.5 star is 3.4' NNE. On a line between IC 620 and
this star is a dim 16th mag star and
IC 620 is a double system, but the companion at the NW edge
wasn't seen. It's a member of a group (WBL 279) that includes
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 620 = J. 1-181 on 31 Mar 1892. Noted as "very faint, very small, poorly defined." His position corresponds with the brighter southeastern component of a double, (interacting?) system. LEDA misidentifies the fainter northwestern galaxy as IC 620 (as of 2023).
******************************
10 33 21.0 +02 36 58; Sex
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 82°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, round,
20"-24" diameter, nearly uniform surface brightness. A wide pair
of mag 10.7 and 11.5 stars are
1.5' and 2.2' SE. Situated 9' W of
mag 7.8
Forms a pair (same redshift) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 621 = J. 2-684 on 7 Apr
1893. Described as "faint,
roughly round, small spot 30" in diameter." The position is nearly midway between
******************************
10 34 42.8 +11 11 50; Leo
V = 13.4; Size 2.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 152°
24" (4/15/23): fairly faint and relatively large edge-on, ~2.0' x 20" NNW-SSE. Broad, weak concentration but no core. Very nice. A mag 10.5 star is 3.6' N of center.
17.5" (4/13/91): faint, moderately large, edge-on 6:1
NW-SE, low even surface brightness.
Lewis Swift found IC 622 = Sw. 9-23 on 29 Jan 1890 and
reported "vF pS; E; 9m * s[outh]." His position is 2' W of
******************************
10 35 21.0 +03 33 30; Sex
V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 151°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small, extended ~5:2 NNW-SSE, ~40" in length, low and uniform surface brightness. A mag 15.1 star is less than 1' S. IC 623 is located 3.4' SSW of a mag 9.7 star. This star is within a chain extending SW to NE, passing to the SW of the galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 623 = J. 2-685 on 7 Apr 1893. His description reads "faint, roughly round, about 30" in diameter, without concentration." His position is just off the west side of the galaxy.
******************************
10 36 15.2 -08 20 02; Sex
Size 2.7'x0.5'; PA = 39°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; relatively bright, very elongated 3:1 or perhaps 7:2 SW-NE, ~1.4'x0.4', well concentrated with much brighter middle. A mag 12.2 star is 2.7' E and a mag 14.4 star 1.2' E.
Member of the loose LGG 205 group, which includes NGC
3243/3325/3340,
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 624 = J. 2-686 on 4 May 1893. His description reads "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, without concentration."
******************************
10 42 38.0 -23 56 08; Hya
V = 13.0; Size 2.3'x0.5'; PA = 105°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 or 4:1 WNW-ESE, between 1.0-1.5' in length, brighter middle, low surface brightness (though viewed
Frank Muller discovered IC 625 = LM(S) 392 at the Leander
McCormick Observatory on 11 Jan 1888.
He recorded it as "elongated [in PA] 110°, dif." There is nothing at his position (using
the galaxy
HyperLEDA identifies this galaxy as
******************************
10 36 57.1 -07 01 26; Sex
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 137°
14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x and 226x; very faint, fairly
small, diffuse, roundish, 30" diameter, only a slightly brighter
nucleus. Required care and averted
vision in first identifying in the field.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 626 = J. 2-687, along with IC 630, on 3 May 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
10 37 19.9 -03 21 28; Sex
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x: fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, pretty even surface brightness, well defined halo. Three mag 10-10.5 stars are 8' NE, 8' ENE and 6' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 627 = J. 2-688 on 3 May 1893. He described it as "faint, small, poorly defined, looks a bit grainy."
******************************
10 37 36.2 +05 36 13; Sex
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 119°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small,
round, low even surface brightness, 30" diameter. A mag 11.3 star is 1.5'
S. Forms a pair with
UGC 5779 appeared extremely faint and required averted to glimpse. ~0.3'x0.1' NW-SE (central region only).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 628 = J. 1-182 on 18 May 1892. He noted "very faint, very small, irregular form with a slightly brighter middle."
******************************
10 37 02.5 -27 33 55; Hya
V = 11.9; Size 3.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 175°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 629 = Big. 158 on 26 Feb 1887. His position matches NGC 3312, discovered by John Herschel in 1835. Apparently neither Bigourdan nor Dreyer questioned the equivalence of IC 629 with NGC 3312, though there is no doubt.
******************************
IC 630 = Mrk 1259 = MCG -01-27-029 = PGC 31636
10 38 33.6 -07 10 14; Sex
V = 12.0; Size 1.2'x1.2'
14.5" (4/12/21 and 4/10/21): at 158x; fairly faint,
small, round, 20" glow just 45" NE of mag 7.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 630 = J. 2-689, along with IC
626 and
******************************
IC 632 = UGC 5792 = MCG +00-27-035 = PGC 31673
10 39 11.9 -00 24 35; Sex
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 30°
17.5" (3/22/96): faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE,
0.8'x0.5', weak concentration.
Forms a pair with IC 632 3.3' NE.
Located 13' SSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 632 = J. 2-691, along with IC 633, on 9 May 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
10 39 24.1 -00 23 22; Sex
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 102°
17.5" (3/22/96): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, 0.6'x0.2', low even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is 1.0' NNE of center. Forms a pair with IC 632 3.3' SW. Located 11' S of NGC 3325.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 633 = J. 2-692, along with IC 632, on 9 May 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
10 40 54.9 +05 59 31; Sex
V = 14.5; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 116°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x; very faint, fairly small, low surface brightness, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, ~0.6'x0.2'. A mag 15.4 star is close ESE, in the direction of the major axis. About 10' S is a distinctive string of stars oriented NW-SE and about 9' in length. The end stars are mag 9.6 and 10.6. Member of a group (USGC U314) that includes NGC 3326 and IC 628 at z = .028.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 634 = J. 2-693 on 7 Apr 1893. He recorded "very faint, little extended, without condensation, granular." His position is accurate.
******************************
10 41 45.3 +15 38 36; Leo
V = 14.3; Size 1.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 6°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, very thin streak N-S, 0.8'x0.2', low even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is 2' W and three mag 14-15 stars in a thin triangle (two are collinear with the galaxy) are ~4' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 635 = J. 2-694 on 15 Jan 1894. He recorded "faint, small, slightly elongated, 30" diameter, gradually condensed." His position is at the south edge of the galaxy.
******************************
10 41 50.6 +04 19 51; Sex
V = 14.2; Size 0.95'x0.4'; PA = 49°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, fairly
small, diffuse, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.3', brighter core. Located 2' N of mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 636 = J. 2-695 on 7 Apr 1893. He recorded "very faint, very small, poorly defined, mottled."
******************************
10 42 21.9 +15 21 35; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.75'x0.5'
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 25" diameter. A mag 14.8 star is just off the NE side, 33" from center. An evenly separated group of five mag 12.5-13 stars is mainly south (closest is a mag 12.8 star 1.4' SW).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 637 = J. 2-696 on 15 Jan 1894. He recorded "faint, very small, poorly defined. On a straight line with the comparison star and two other stars." His position is accurate.
******************************
10 43 48.0 +15 53 42; Leo
V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 2°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x; extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated, 0.3' diameter, very low surface brightness. A mag 10.2 star is 2.5' W with a group of fainter stars to its west.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 638 = J. 2-697 on 16 Dec 1893. He recorded "faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, without condensation." His position is accurate.
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10 45 52.0 +16 55 50; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 0°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x and 260x; between faint and
fairly faint; elongated ~2:1 N-S, 0.6'x0.3', locw pretty even surface
brightness. Irregular shape,
appears to taper more on the north end (verified later on the SDSS). Located 27' SW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 639 = Sw. 7-14 on 12 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; S; vE in meridian [N-S]; * 10 mag. 5' nf. His position is within 1' of CGCG 095-016 = PGC 32129 and his comment "vE in meridian" matches. The mag 10 star is 3' NNE.
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10 48 08.1 +18 11 19; Leo
V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x1.3'
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, slightly out of round, 50" diameter, contains a bright core that increases to a relatively faint stellar nucleus. Situated in a sparce star field.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 642 = Sw. 7-15 on 12 Apr 1888 and reported "vF; pS; lE; forms a curve with 2 st. f[ollowing]." His RA is 9 seconds too large, but the description fits and the ID is certain.
******************************
10 49 27.2 +12 12 04; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 73°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint, bright
core with faint extensions that increase the size to 50"x 15". A mag 11.4 star is 3.5' SW. Located 20' WSW of mag 8 HD
93928.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 643 = J. 1-183 on 31 Mar 1892. He described it as "quite faint, small, elongated along the meridian [N-S], slightly brighter in the middle." His position is at the east edge of this galaxy.
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10 51 31.5 +55 23 27; UMa
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 78°
17.5" (4/22/95): brighter of a pair of galaxies
oriented N-S.
Some catalogues refer to this galaxy as IC 644.
Lewis Swift found IC 644 = Sw. 9-24 on 8 May 1890 and
reported "eeeF; pS; lE; B * sf; sp of 2." His position is ~1' E of
******************************
IC 646 = MCG +09-18-039 = CGCG 267-019 = PGC 32568
10 51 35.2 +55 27 57; UMa
V = 14.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 14.0
17.5" (4/22/95): very faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0.4'. Forms a pair with brighter NGC 3398 4.6' SSW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 646 = Sw. 9-25 on 8 May 1890 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; nf of 2 [with IC 644 = NGC 3398]." Swift's RA is 12 seconds too large. PGC and RC3 (as well as Megastar) misidentify IC 646 as NGC 3398. See NGC 3398 for more.
******************************
10 50 34.4 -12 51 16; Hya
Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 62°
18" (3/29/03): at 300x this tiny companion to
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 647 = J. 1-184 on 21 Apr 1892
and noted it was distinct from NGC 3411.
The HyperLeda listing for
******************************
IC 648 = MCG +02-28-017 = CGCG 066-040 = PGC 32522
10 51 00.3 +12 17 15; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 159°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; fairly faint,
elongated 3:2 N-S, at most 30" major axis, contains a very small brighter
core. A mag 15 star is at the N
edge, just 12" from center.
Situated 3.8' ENE of mag 8.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 648 = J. 1-185 on 31 Mar 1892. He recorded "extremely faint, round, 15" diameter,very faint star involved [or stellar nucleus]. Difficult."
******************************
10 50 52.1 +01 09 50; Sex
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; faint, small, low
surface brightness, elongated 3:2 or 2:1 ~N-S (a fainter companion is attached
at the S end), ~0.4' diameter. A
mag 13.5 star is also off the SW edge [30" from center]. Located 22' WNW of mag 6.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 649 = J. 2-699 on 11 Mar 1893. He recorded "faint, small, poorly defined, with slight condensation. Following and north of a mag 10.5 star."
******************************
10 50 40.6 -13 26 31; Hya
Size 0.9'x0.7'
24" (2/15/23 and 4/15/23): at 327x; very faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter, diffuse, low surface brightness. Two mag 9.8 stars (2' apart) are 2.5' WNW and 4.4' W. A wide pair of mag 14.1/14.6 stars is ~2' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 650 = J. 1-186 on 21 Apr 1892. His position matches PGC 170094 although LEDA and SIMBAD do not identify this galaxy as IC 650. NED has the correct identification.
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10 50 58.4 -02 09 01; Sex
V = 13.1; Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; relatively bright for an IC galaxy, irregularly round (flattened on one side?), very little concentration, 35" to 40" diameter. A mag 12.3 star is 2.4' ESE and a mag 9.7 star is 6' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 651 = J. 2-700 on 21 Mar 1893. Described as "fairly bright, round, about 40" diameter, with a rather diffuse central core, looks grainy". The RA in the IC is 10 seconds too small.
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10 50 57.6 -12 26 55; Hya
V = 13.7; Size 2.0'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 175°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 652 = J. 1-187 on 19 Apr 1892. There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his offset star. His corrected position matches NGC 3421, although the NGC position from Common is also poor (13' too far N).
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10 52 06.8 -00 33 38; Leo
V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x0.9'; PA = 55°
24" (2/15/23): at 327x; fairly faint, oval ~2:1 SW-NE,
~1.0'x0.5', broad and very weak concentration. Forms the northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 12.8 star
2.5' WSW and a mag 13.5 star is 1.8' S.
Located 23' SSW of mag 6.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 653 = J. 2-701 on 10 Apr 1893. The IC position is on the south edge of the galaxy.
******************************
10 53 50.4 -11 43 32; Crt
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.5'; PA = 126°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; very faint, diffuse, elongated 3:2 or 2:1 NW-SE, ~40"x25", slightly brighter middle. A mag 11.3 star is 3' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 654 = J. 1-188 on 21 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
10 54 22.2 -00 21 54; Leo
V = 14.7; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 48°
24" (2/15/23): at 327x; extremely faint, fairly small, possibly extended SW-NE, ~0.6' length, very low surface brightness with no core. Too faint to see the shape well, though viewed at the end of the night with tired eyes.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 655 = J. 1-189 on 22 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
10 55 07.9 +17 36 48; Leo
V = 14.9/15.5; Size 12"
24" (2/22/14): at 260x a 12" pair of mag 15 stars
were resolved. The SDSS shows a
third fainter star, as well as a very faint galaxy (not seen). Located 4.4' E of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 656 on 15 Mar 1887 with
the 12" refractor at the Paris Observatory. At his position is a triple star plus
******************************
10 57 53.6 -04 54 18; Leo
Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 169°
24" (2/15/23 and 3/15/23): at 263x and 327x; very faint, requires averted vision and cannot hold steadily, elongated at least 2:1 N-S, ~40"x20", low surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 657 = J. 2-702 on 18 May 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
10 58 16.3 +08 14 30; Leo
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 42°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated NW-NE, 30" diameter, brighter core, stellar nucleus, well defined halo.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 658 = J. 2-703 on 19 Apr
1893. His position is 1.8' N of
******************************
10 58 03.9 -06 15 38; Leo
Size 1.4'x1.0'; PA = 147°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated NW-SE, 25" diameter, weakly brighter nucleus. I could just hold this galaxy steadily with averted vision.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 659 = J. 2-704 on 4 May
1893. His position is
accurate. The MCG fails to
identify its
******************************
10 58 26.7 +01 22 58; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 31°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; very faint, small, elongated at least 3:2 SW-NE, ~20"-24" in length. Member of the galaxy cluster AGC 1139.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 660 = J. 2-705, along with IC 661 and 662, on 11 Mar 1893. His dec is 1' too far north.
******************************
10 58 51.5 +01 39 02; Leo
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 31°
24" (3/15/23): at 229x and 327x; very faint, small,
round, 20" diameter, diffuse with a low even surface brightness.n A mag 10.2 star is 3.6' NW and an 8th
mag star is 5' NNW. Member of the
galaxy cluster
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 661 = J. 2-706, along with IC
660 and 662, on 11 Mar 1893. His
position is accurate. Megastar
software misidenties nearby
******************************
10 59 20.5 +01 35 56; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.65'x0.5'; PA = 71°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; between very faint and faint, small, round, slightly elongated, at most 15" diameter. I wasn't able to hold this galaxy steadily. Member of the galaxy cluster AGC 1139.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 662 = J. 2-707, along with IC 660 and 661, on 11 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 00 37.3 +10 26 14; Psc
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 175°
17.5" (4/25/98): extremely faint and small, round,
15" diameter, required averted vision. This is the third brightest of four galaxies viewed in the
core of
Edward Swift, Lewis' 20 year-old son, discovered IC 663 =
Sw. 10-18, along with
******************************
IC 664 = MCG +02-28-042 = CGCG 066-091 = PGC 33191
11 00 45.3 +10 33 11; Psc
V = 13.0; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5" (4/25/98): this is the second brightest of four viewed in AGC 1142, located 4.1' NW of NGC 3492. Appeared faint, small, slightly elongated [SW-NE], 30" diameter, stellar nucleus at moments with direct vision.
Edward Swift, Lewis' 20 year-old son, discovered IC 664 = Sw. 10-19 (along with IC 663) on 29 Mar 1891. The description reads "eF; pS; R; 2nd of 3; NGC 3492 near." Stephane Javelle independently found it at the Nice Observatory on 22 Mar 1892.
******************************
11 00 29.9 -13 52 01; Crt
Size 1.0'x0.35'; PA = 148°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint,
elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 25"-30" major axis, small brighter
core/nucleus. A mag 13.7 star is
1.3' SE and a mag 12.3 star is 3.5' SSW.
IC 659 is located 14' NNE of mag 5.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 665 = J. 2-708 on 13 May
1893. His position is
accurate. LEDA doesn't identify
its
******************************
11 01 14.8 +10 28 52; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3
17.5" (4/25/98): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Last and most difficult of four found in AGC 1142 and observation confused by a mag 15 star 40" following. Difficult to view both simultaneously. Located 4.6' SE of NGC 3492. Viewed hampered by hazy sky conditions due to smoke.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 666 = J. 1-192 = Sw. 10A-2 on 1 Apr 1892. Lewis Swift independently found it two weeks later on 16 Apr 1892 and logged "eeF, vS, ee diff. NGC 3492 near. 4th of 4." Swift was credited first in the IC, though Javelle was first.
******************************
11 06 36.6 +15 05 19; Leo
V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (3/15/23): at 327x and 375x; faint, very small,
roundish, stellar nucleus, at most 15" diameter. A mag 11.6 star is 1.3' NW. Situated on a line between a mag 8.9 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 667 = J. 2-709, along with IC 668, on 15 Jan 1894. His position is accurate. IC 667 is identified as a double system in the CGCG, though Javelle only resolved a single galaxy.
******************************
11 06 39.6 +15 02 27; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 95°
24" (3/15/23): at 327x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, oval 3:2 E-W, 25" across, faint stellar nucleus. Situated just 1.5' E of mag 8.9 HD 96344. A 10" pair of 15th mag stars is very close SE of HD 96344. IC 667 lies 3' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 668 = J. 2-710, along with IC 667, on 15 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 07 16.6 +06 18 09; Leo
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 167°
24" (3/15/23): at 375x; relatively bright with a fairly
high surface brightness core and nucleus, elongated 3:2 ~N-S,
30"x20". A mag 15.5 star
is off the NE edge [23" from the center]. Two 10th mag stars at 1' separation lie 3' to 4' N. These are the brightest in a
distinctive asterism of 7 stars near IC 669.
14.5" (4/1/21): at 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 N-S, very small brighter nucleus, ~30" major axis. A distinctive group of a half-dozen mag 10 to 13.5 stars is directly NE, including a string of 4 stars N-S.
David Todd discovered IC 669 = Todd 8 = J. 2-711 on 3 Dec 1877 during his search for a trans-Neptunian planet. He reported, "Object 'a' suspected -- it has a companion, [PA] = 25 [deg]." Harold Corwin states, "The companion is a star, and both are shown in his sketch which accurately reflects the sky."
Stephane Javelle independently made a secure discovery on 7 Apr 1893 and measured an accurate position. Javelle was credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
IC 670 = UGC 6178 = MCG +01-28-041 = CGCG 038-134 = PGC 33680
11 07 28.8 +06 42 51; Leo
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 65°
24" (3/15/23): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated, very weak central condensation. Three stars are nearby: a mag 12.4
star 2' NE, a mag 14.3 star 2' S, and a mag 13.7 star 3' SE. A brighter mag 7.7 star (
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 670 = Spitaler 16 on 7 Mar 1891 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
11 07 31.6 +00 46 59; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x1.0'; PA = 24°
14.5" (4/1/21): at 182x and 226x, between faint and fairly faint, round, diffuse, nearly even surface brightness, 30" to 40" diameter. Situated on a line between two mag 12 stars 5' NNE and 4' SSW. Located 34' SE of mag 7.0 HD 96274.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 671 = J. 2-712 on 11 Mar 1893.
******************************
11 09 25.3 -00 05 52; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 167°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x and 224x; between faint and fairly faint, very elongated NNW-SSE, ~45"x18". Easier to view at 158x and visible continuously once picked up in the field. The extremely low surface brightness outer ring was not detected. A mag 9.6 star is 8' SE and a mag 12 star is 6' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 673 = J. 1-194 on 22 Apr
1892. The CGCG calls this galaxy
******************************
11 11 06.4 +43 37 59; UMa
V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 120°
24" (4/13/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, ~30"x25", strong concentrated with a small bright core and stellar nucleus. With careful viewing, very low surface brightness wings [spiral arms] were occasionally glimpsed extending NW-SE increasing the dimensions to very roughly 50"x25". Three stars to the SSW are collinear with the galaxy; an 11th mag star 3.6' SSW, another 11th mag star 2.5' SSW with a 12th mag companion at ~10" separation.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 674 = Spitaler 36 on 24 May 1892 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 12 39.9 +09 03 21; Leo
V = 11.8; Size 2.1'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 10°
18" (3/5/05): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 1.2'x0.8'. Contains an elongated brighter core and brighter along the major axis [central bar]. At low power, collinear with a mag 10 star 9' WNW and a mag 10 star 14' ESE.
Edward Swift, Lewis' 20 year-old son, discovered IC 676 = Sw. 10-20 on 8 Apr 1891. The Swifts reported it as "vF; pS: lE; bet 2 distant stars."
******************************
11 13 56.8 +12 18 04; Leo
V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 45°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 SW-NE, ~45" length.
Using 226x, contains a small, brighter nucleus. A mag 13.4 star is 2' S. Located 32'
SSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 677 = J. 1-195 on 1 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 678 = MCG +01-29-021 = CGCG 039-083 = PGC 34222
11 14 06.4 +06 34 38; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 144°
24" (3/15/23): at 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated, low surface brightness, 20" diameter. Two mag 15.1 and 15.2 stars are 2' NW and 3' NW, respectively.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 678 = J. 2-714 on 13 Apr
1893. His position is
accurate. The CGCG mislabels
(typo) IC 673 = CGCG 011-009 as IC 678, but
******************************
11 16 36.6 -13 58 20; Crt
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 125°
14.5" (4/13/23): identified using 158x as a very faint,
very small soft glow. At 226x it
was fairly easy and could be held steadily. It appeared slightly elongated,
even surface brightness, ~20"-24" diameter. A mag 14.4 star is 1.1' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 679 = J. 2-715 on 13 May
1893. His position is
accurate. This galaxy does not
have a CGCG, MCG or PGC designation and
******************************
11 17 54.7 -01 56 47; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 157°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; very faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter. Required care to pick up with averted vision, but could hold steadily for several seconds once acquired.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 680 = J. 2-716 on 7 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 18 31.9 -12 08 25; Crt
V = 14.7; Size 0.85'x0.4'; PA = 32°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25"x20", very diffuse, low even surface brightness. A mag 14.2 star is 1.5' SW.
14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; extremely faint, small, slightly elongated, 25"-30" diameter, low uniform surface brightness, required averted vision and mostly glimpsed.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 681 = J. 1-196 on 19 Apr 1892.
******************************
11 22 14.8 +20 12 30; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 140°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 682 = Sw. 8-56 on 22 Apr 1889 and reported "eF; eS; R; vF * close np." There is nothing at his position but 1 minute of RA is NGC 3649. Arguing against this identification is there is no "vF * close np" of NGC 3649, but there is a very faint star at the south edge. So, this identification is questionable.
******************************
11 21 31.8 +02 45 07; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 175°
24" (5/20/20): at 375x; faint, small, round, 20"
diameter, very small brighter nucleus.
Can just hold continuously. Located 3.6' S of
Forms a close pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 683 = Big. 162 on 14 Apr
1888. His position matches CGCG
039-138, but CGCG, UGC, PGC, HyperLEDA (and secondary sources such as MegaStar)
misidentify CGCG 039-134 = PGC 34793 (just 1.3' WSW) as IC 683. HyperLEDA labels
******************************
11 21 32.9 +02 48 37; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 63°
See observing notes for NGC 3644.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 684 = Big. 163 on 14 Apr 1888 and recorded a "small nebula with a mag 12.8 situated in PA 214° at 0.5'." His position and description matches NGC 3644. So, NGC 3644 = IC 684. See Harold Corwin's notes for more.
******************************
11 16 51.1 +17 47 55; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 167°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; fairly faint, very elongated
3:1 NNW-SSE, fairly low surface brightness, no core or zones, 1.0'x0.3'. A mag
12.5 star is 1.4' NE of center.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 685 = Sw. 7-16 on 11 Apr 1888 and
reported "eeF; pretty small; round; * near north following;
******************************
11 24 17.3 +47 50 51; UMa
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (6/21/20): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, very small bright nucleus. A mag 14 star is 1.1' W and another mag 14 star is 13' NW. Observed 7 hours past the meridian at only 18° elevation.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 687 = Sw. 9-26 on 11 May 1890 and
reported "eF; eS; R; stellar to Nu[cleus]; F * nr f; another susp. nr.
p." His position is a good
match with
******************************
11 23 40.2 -09 47 44; Crt
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 98°
14.5" (4/13/23): picked up at 158x (10mm ZAO). At 226x, faint, small, slightly
elongated E-W, 0.3' diameter.
Although V = 14.4, the surface brightness is pretty decent and I could
nearly hold it steadily. Situated
20' due west of
Ormond Stone discovered IC 688 = LM(S) 418 on 9 Jan 1889 at
the Leander McCormick Observatory.
This galaxy was measured a number of times by Muller and Stone and their
micrometric position is accurate.
HyperLeda doesn't identify
******************************
11 23 38.4 -13 49 51; Crt
V = 14.0; Size 1.7'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 137°
See observing notes for
Ormond Stone found IC 689 = LM(S) 421 on 1 Jan 1889 with the 26-inch at the Leander-McCormick Observatory. His micrometric offsets (#421 in the LM Southern Nebulae list) matches NGC 3661, although neither he nor Dreyer noticed the equivalent position. So, IC 689 = NGC 3661.
******************************
11 24 20.6 -08 20 31; Crt
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 171°
14.5" (4/13/23): glimpsed while searching at 158x. Increasing to 226x, it appeared very
faint, thin streak 3:1 N-S, ~25" x 8". Located 14' NW of mag 8.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 690 = J. 2-718 on 13 May 1893. His position is accurate, though as the galaxy is missing from the PGC, HyperLeda doesn't recognize LEDA 170138 as IC 690. The galaxy isn't labeled in Megastar.
******************************
11 26 44.4 +59 09 20; UMa
V = 13.9; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 150°
17.5" (3/19/88): fairly faint, very small, bright core, slightly elongated.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 691 = Sw. 7-17 on 17 Apr 1888 and recorded "pF; pS; R; forms right angle with 2 st." His position is 1.5' too far west (within his usual errors) and the description is a perfect match.
******************************
11 25 53.6 +09 59 14; Leo
V = 13.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 125°
14.5" (4/13/23): easily picked up at 158x. Increasing to 226x it appeared fairly faint, round, 25" to 30" diameter, increases broadly and steadily to the center. Two mag 12.7 and 14 close SE are aligned and equidistant with the galaxy.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 692 = Spitaler 37, along with
******************************
11 26 48.6 -05 00 15; Leo
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 90°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; faint, small, roundish, 25" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Can hold steadily with averted vision. Sparse star field with a mag 12.4 star 3.4' ENE and some scattered fainter stars to the S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 693 = J. 2-719 on 18 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 28 27.3 +58 34 43; UMa
V = 15.8; Size 0.3'x0.25'
48" (5/12/12): IC 694, roughly 1' NW of the interacting
pair
17.5" (4/1/95): this threshold object was barely glimpsed 1.1' NW of the interacting double system NGC 3690. It was just visible momentarily as an extremely small knot with averted vision but observation verified several times. This object is probably IC 694 although the identification is not 100% certain.
George Johnstone Stoney, returning to Parsontown from his
studies at Trinity, discovered IC 694 = Sw. 10A-3 on 27 Jan 1852. He described
an "appendage about one object diameter northwest [of NGC
3690]." Lewis Swift
apparently found this galaxy on 18 Apr 1892 and noted "vS, close D[ouble]
with 3690, suspected with 132, verified with 200x. His position is -7 seconds of RA, +30'' of Dec with respect
to NGC 3690, close to
Modern catalogues apply IC 694 to one component of the brighter double system. Despite the good match in position with PGC 35325, I feel it is more likely possible Swift saw the second component of NGC 3690, which is much more obvious in the eyepiece.
******************************
11 27 58.3 -11 42 55; Crt
Size 0.9'x0.35'; PA = 85°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x; very faint, small, elongated
E-W, very diffuse, low surface brightness, required averted vision. A 13th mag
star is 1.7' NW. Located 32' SW of
14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; marginally glimpsed and barely confirmed, but requires better conditions or a larger aperture for any details.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 695 = J. 1-197 on 21 Apr 1892. His position matches LEDA 170143. This galaxy wasn't included in the original PGC and it isn't recognized as IC 695 in HyperLEDA or SIMBAD.
******************************
IC 696 = UGC 6477 = MCG +02-29-034 = Holm 257a = PGC 35332
11 28 39.9 +09 05 55; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5
18" (5/3/11): faint, fairly small, round, 25"
diameter, fairly low surface brightness, weak concentration. In a group of IC galaxies with much
fainter
17.5" (2/28/87): fairly faint, fairly small, diffuse, only a weak concentration. This is the 2nd brightest in the IC 698 group with IC 698 6.0' ENE.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 696 = Spitaler 38, along with IC 698 and 699, on 31 Mar 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna University Observatory. Spitaler missed nearby IC 2857, which was discovered later by Wolf on a photographic plate of the region.
******************************
11 28 34.5 -01 37 46; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 131°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; faint, small, oval
3:2 NW-SE, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. Located 11' NE mag 6.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 697 = J. 2-720 on 7 Apr 1893.
******************************
IC 698 = UGC 6482 = MCG +02-29-035 = Holm 257b = PGC 35364
11 29 03.9 +09 06 42; Leo
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 147°
18" (5/3/11): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
nearly 2:1 NNW-SSE, ~35"x20", broad concentration to a brighter,
elongated core that increases to a faint nucleus with direct vision. Initially seen as slightly elongated,
but then the outer extensions were noticed. This is probably the highest surface brightness member of a
16' group of 6 IC galaxies including IC 696, 699, 2850, 2853 and 2857. The nearest is IC 696, 6' WSW. IC 698 is located 18.5' SW of
17.5" (2/28/87): fairly faint, fairly small, oval NW-SE, brighter core. Brightest in the IC 698 group and 3rd of 4 brighter galaxies with IC 696 6.0' WSW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 698 = Spitaler 39, along with IC 696 and 699, on 31 Mar 1892 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
11 29 06.6 +08 59 18; Leo
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 12°
18" (5/3/11): faint to fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 40"x20".
The halo is broadly concentrated then increases suddenly to a small
brighter nucleus. Located 7.5' S
of IC 698 in a small group of 6 IC galaxies (unrelated to nearby
17.5" (2/28/87): faint, small, bright core, stellar nucleus, faint extensions SSW-NNE. Fourth brightest in the IC 698 group with IC 698 7.5' N.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 699 = Spitaler 40, along with IC 696 and 698, on 31 Mar 1892. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
11 29 15.3 +20 35 00; Leo
V = 13.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 71°
48" (4/16/15): at 610x, the main (central) component of
HCG 54D was not noticed at 613x. At 813x it appeared very faint (B = 18.5), round, only a 6" knot. HCG 54D is the faintest member of the quartet and sits at the northeast end of the chain.
17.5" (3/8/97): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2
~E-W, 1.0'x0.4', low (but probably irregular) surface brightness. A mag 14 star lies 1' S. At a couple of
moments there appeared to be an extremely faint "star" at the west
edge (this is probably HCG 54B).
Located ~15' SE of
17.5" (4/1/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2
WSW-ENE, 1.0'x0.4', even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 1.1' S of center. Located 4.8' NE of a mag 10 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 700 = J. 1-198 on 28 Apr 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at Nice. His position matches HCG 54A = UGC 6487. Harold Corwin notes that "his description "Nearly round, about 40 arcsec in diameter, a little brighter toward the middle" suggests he saw at least the brightest three of the objects, blended into a single image." HCG 54 is considered a post-merger of 2 or more galaxies.
******************************
11 31 00.7 +20 28 08; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 105°
48" (5/12/12): at 488x, IC 701 = Arp 197 appeared
fairly bright, oval 2:1 WNW-ESE, 0.6'x0.3', contains a small bright core. A very low surface brightness hazy
plume extends to the NE about 30".
Occasionally
Lewis Swift discovered IC 701 = Sw. 8-57 on 22 Apr 1889 and recorded "eF; vS; R; 2 pB stars south following."
******************************
11 30 54.7 -04 55 19; Leo
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 130°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. HJ 2573, a pair of mag 10.3/10.5 star at 8", lies 15' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 702 = J. 2-721 on 18 May
1893. His description reads
"faint, very small, round, 20" in diameter, with a central core of
mag 13.5". HyperLeda doesn't
recognize
******************************
11 32 56.3 +50 14 31; UMa
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 34°
24" (6/21/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 25"x20", small brighter core, occasional faint
stellar nucleus. Surrounded by
several 13th-14th mag stars.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 705 = Sw. 9-27 on 11 May 1890 and reported "eeF; vS; R."
******************************
11 33 12.6 -13 20 17; Crt
Size 1.3'x0.2'; PA = 111°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x and 375x; pretty faint, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, 40"x15", small brighter core. A 10th mag star is 2' S and a 15th mag star is 50" SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 706 = J. 1-199 on 21 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 33 44.6 +21 22 48; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 0.65'x0.5'; PA = 4°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; fairly faint, round,
25"-30" diameter, fairly even surface brightness with at most weak
concentration. Situated in a poor star field; the nearest brighter star is 9th
mag (
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 707 in 1894 while searching in the region of Copeland's Septet. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 33 59.2 +49 03 43; UMa
V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 95°
17.5" (4/22/95): brightest member of the
Lewis Swift discovered IC 708 = Sw. 9-28 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eF; S; R. 1st of 4 [with IC 709, 711 and 712]."
******************************
IC 709 = MCG +08-21-057 = CGCG 242-049 = PGC 35736
11 34 14.5 +49 02 35; UMa
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.6'
17.5" (4/22/95): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter core. A mag 15 star is just 23" NW of center. Located 2.7' SW of IC 708 in the core of AGC 1314.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 709 = Sw. 9-29 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eeF; S; R. 2nd of 4 [with IC 708, 711 and 712]."
******************************
11 34 27.4 +25 52 35 ; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 0°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.3', low but irregular surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 710 = J. 2-722 on 13 Apr 1893.
******************************
IC 711 = MCG +08-21-062 = CGCG 242-053 = PGC 35780
11 34 46.6 +48 57 22; UMa
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.6'
17.5" (4/22/95): very faint, extremely small, round, 15" diameter. Located 1.0' NE of a mag 14.5/15.5 double star in the core of AGC 1314. On the DSS the fainter "star" is a compact galaxy, IC 712 lies 7.3' N and brightest member IC 708 is 10' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 711 = Sw. 9-30 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; F * close sp. 3rd of 4 [with IC 708, 709 and 712]."
******************************
IC 712 = MCG +08-21-063 = CGCG 242-054 = PGC 35785
11 34 49.3 +49 04 39; UMa
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2
17.5" (4/22/95): fairly faint, small, round, 0.6'
diameter. Even concentration to a
small bright core and stellar nucleus.
Located 1.9' SSW of mag 8.4
Lewis Swift discovered IC 712 = Sw. 9-31 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "eeF; S; R; pB * nr nf. 4th of 4 [with IC 708, 709 and 711]."
******************************
11 36 30.3 -09 50 48; Crt
V = 12.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.8
See observing notes for
Francis Leavenworth found IC 714 = LM(S) 430 on 25 Feb 1887. He described it as "little extended 170°, gradually brighter middle nucleus." His micrometric position with respect to Theta Crateris matches NGC 3763 = PGC 35907. This galaxy was discovered by Andrew Common in 1880 and placed fairly accurately but neither Common nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence. So, NGC 3763 = IC 714.
******************************
11 38 51.3 -10 35 01; Crt
V = 13.7; Size 2.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 85°
See observing notes for
Frank Muller found IC 717 = LM(S) 433 on 14 Feb 1888 with
the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He described it as
"1.0'x0.8', extended in pa 90°, dif." With respect to
Andrew Common discovered NGC 3779 in 1860 with his 36"
reflector. With respect to NGC
3775, he noted "another [NGC 3779] 5' nf ". Close to this offset is
******************************
11 39 52.8 +08 52 28; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 0°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x and 224x; very faint, fairly
small, slightly elongated N-S, ~0.6'x0.4', very low even surface
brightness. A mag 14.6 star is
1.6' W and mag 9.0
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 718 = Spitaler 41 on 25 Mar 1892 with the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
IC 719 = UGC 6633 = Ark 308 = MCG +02-30-008 = CGCG 068-021 = PGC 36205
11 40 18.5 +09 00 36; Vir
V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 52°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 224x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~60"x20". Contains a small, bright core/nucleus. Fairly high surface brightness and surprisingly easy. IC 718 lies 10' SW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 719 = Spitaler 42 on 24 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 42 22.3 +08 46 04; Vir
Size 1.1'x0.6'
28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly faint, fairly small, overall elongated ~2:1 N-S, ~0.8'x0.4'. Resolved into two very small glows with merged outer halos [centers separated by 16"]. The northern galaxy is slightly larger and brighter, ~0.4' diameter, with a quasi-stellar nucleus. The southern component appeared as a faint knot, ~15" diameter.
The IC 720 duo is a member of the small USGC U411 group (z =
.02) with
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 720 = Spitaler 43 on 25 Mar
1892. His position is a good match
with this double system, though apparently he only saw a single object (likely
the brighter northern galaxy). The
CGCG failed to identity
******************************
IC 722 = MCG +02-30-019 = CGCG 068-039 = PGC 36365
11 42 43.8 +08 58 27; Vir
V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 76°
28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~35"x25", low even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is 2' NNE. Located 12.7' WNW of brighter IC 724 in a small group (USGC U411).
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 722 = Spitaler 44, along with IC 724, on 25 Mar 1892. His position is poor because he misidentified his offset star according to Harold Corwin, but his description clearly pins down the correct galaxies.
******************************
IC 724 = UGC 6695 = MCG +02-30-022 = CGCG 068-045 = PGC 36450
11 43 34.7 +08 56 33; Vir
V = 12.8; Size 2.3'x0.9'; PA = 60°
28" (4/12/18): at 285x; fairly bright, fairly large, oval 5:2 SW-NE, ~1.3'x0.5'. Contains a prominent elongated core and very small bright nucleus.
IC 724 is the brightest in a small group (USGC U411) with IC 722 12.7' WNW. CGCG 068-038, located 13.5' WSW, appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 724 = Spitaler 45, along with IC 722, on 25 Mar 1892. His position is poor because he misidentified his offset star according to Harold Corwin, but his description clearly pins down the correct galaxies.
******************************
11 44 28.6 +10 47 02; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 1.6'x0.25'; PA = 161°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; very faint, very thin
low surface brightness streak, ~8:1 NNW-SSE, brighter core, ~0.8'x0.1'. A mag 8
star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 727 = J. 1-201 on 23 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 45 35.2 +03 13 54; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 35°
24" (4/15/23): at 229x and 375x; fairly faint, small, elongated at least 3:2 SW-NE, 20"-24" length
48" (4/16/15): at 488x; moderately bright, fairly
small, oval 3:2 or 5:3 SW-NE, 0.5'x0.3', small bright core, fairly high surface
brightness. A mag 16.3 star is off
the southeast side [27" from center]. An extremely faint "star" was noted off the
northwest side [25" from center].
After later checking the SDSS, I discovered this is a compact galaxy
(
17.5" (4/9/99): faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25" diameter, no concentration. Visible steadily with direct vision. A mag 15 star lies 1.6' SSW. This galaxy is identified as IC 730 (good position from Javelle) in several sources.
Stephane Javelle found IC 730 = J. 2-728 on 22 Mar 1893 with
the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches
Several catalogues, as well as HyperLEDA, label this galaxy as IC 730 only due to the poor NGC position. See Harold Corwin's identification notes.
******************************
11 45 18.1 +49 34 14; UMa
V = 15.4; Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 83°
24" (5/20/20): very faint, small, round, low surface
brightness, no distinct shape (too faint), ~20" diameter.
The UGC galaxy is probably more likely to be Swift's IC 731
than
Lewis Swift discovered IC 731 = Sw. 9-32 on 11 May 1890 and reported "vF; vS; R." There is nothing at his position but 43 seconds of RA west is MCG +08-21-096, which most sources identify as IC 731, though not MCG. This galaxy is faint enough that Swift would have likely called it "eeF" or even "eeeF".
Yann Pothier proposed that IC 731 may be UGC 6726, which is
a much brighter galaxy, but off by +52 seconds in RA and -9 arcminutes in
Dec. Corwin lists this as a
slightly more likely possibility (colons). Finally, IC 731 could be a duplicate of
Based on the low surface brightness and small size of MCG +08-21-096, I feel Swift would have described this galaxy as "eeF" instead of "vF". So, I believe that UGC 6726 is more likely the correct object despite being off in both RA and Dec.
******************************
11 45 59.8 +20 26 20; Leo
V = 14.7; Size 0.8'x0.5+0.5'x0.2'
17.5" (2/20/88): very faint, very small, very
elongated. Located 4' NW of
brighter
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 732 = Big. 165 on 29 Mar 1886. Harold Corwin notes there are two galaxies very near Bigourdan's position and he may have glimpsed both of them.
******************************
11 48 20.1 +12 42 59; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1
48" (4/19/15): at 488x;
17.5" (3/8/97): HCG 59B is the fainter of two visible in HCG 59 and located 1.9' WSW of IC 737 = HCG 59A. Very faint, small, round, 20" diameter. With averted vision, the halo is closer to 30" (similar to IC 736) but the surface brightness is slightly lower.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 736 = J. 1-203, along with IC
737, on 23 Apr 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position correspond
with HCG 59B = CGCG 068-068 and
IC 736 = HCG 59B = MCG +02-30-037 = CGCG 068-068 = PGC 36853
IC 737 = HCG 59A = MCG +02-30-039 = CGCG 068-070 = PGC 36861
******************************
IC 737 = HCG 59A = MCG +02-30-039 = CGCG 068-070 = [Rose 7] = WBL 358-002 = PGC 36861
11 48 27.5 +12 43 38; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 0.6'x0.5'
48" (4/19/15): at 488x; moderately bright, small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, 0.5'x0. 4', contains a small bright core. IC 737 = HCG 59A is the brightest
member of HCG 59 with IC 736 = HCG 59B 1.9' WSW,
HCG 59D = MCG +02-30-040 (often misidentified as IC 737) is
faint, fairly small, diffuse, no core or zones, very low surface
brightness. It is squeezed between
HCG 59A 0.8' W and a mag 13.5-14 star 0.6' SE.
17.5" (3/8/97): faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~WNW-ESE (difficult to pin down orientation). Appears slightly brighter than similar HCG 59B 1.9' WSW. A mag 13.5 star follows by 1.3'.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 737 = J. 1-204, along with IC 736, on 23 Apr 1892. See identification notes for IC 736.
******************************
11 50 38.9 +55 21 13; UMa
V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x2.6'; Surf Br = 14.5
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 740 = Sw. 9-33 on 8 May 1890 and reported "eeF; pL; iR; 3916-3921 in field." This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel in 1789. Both positions are close enough to each other, that I'm surprised neither Swift nor Dreyer noted the possible equivalence.
******************************
11 51 02.3 +20 47 59; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; faint, small, round, low surface brightness, 0.6' diameter. A mag 10.8 star is 4.4' SW.
24" (6/3/19): at 260x; faint, fairly small, round,
40" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness with just a slightly
brighter nucleus. Located 27' SW
of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 742 = Sw. 8-60 on 22 Apr 1889 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; pB * sp". His position is 6 seconds of RA too far west (within his usual errors) and the description matches.
******************************
11 58 34.0 +42 44 03; UMa
V = 12.4; Size 2.3'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 150°
24" (5/11/13): moderately bright, large, slightly
elongated ~N-S, 1.3'x1.1', diffuse appearance with an ill-defined halo due to
low surface brightness around periphery.
But the surface brightness is irregular or mottled with a very small,
slightly brighter nucleus and an impression of spiral structure. Forms a contrasting pair with
13.1" (3/17/86): fairly faint, moderately large, diffuse glow, no central brightening, slightly elongated NNW-SSE. Forms a pretty pair with IC 750 3.3' E. Located 3.0' NE of mag 8.6 SAO 43979.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 749 = Spitaler 46, along with
IC 750, on 22 Apr 1892 using the 27-inch Grubb refractor at the Vienna
Observatory. A month later he found (or first measured)
******************************
IC 750 = UGC 6973 = MCG +07-25-010 = KTG 40B = Holm 313b = LGG 269-003 = PGC 37719
11 58 52.2 +42 43 21; UMa
V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 41°
24" (5/11/13): bright, fairly large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 1.5'x0.5', well concentrated with a bright, elongated core that gradually increases to the center. A mag 16 star lies 1' S of center. Forms an usual 3.4' pair with IC 749, which is a Sc face-on with a much lower surface brightness. Mag 8.9 HD 103954 lies 5.5' WSW. IC 751 lies 9' due S. Member of the NGC 4111 group = LGG 269.
13.1" (3/17/86): fairly faint, moderately large, very
elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, brighter along the major axis. Higher surface brightness than IC 749 3.3' W. Mag 8.6
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 750 = Spitaler 47, along with IC 749, on 22 Apr 1892 using the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna Observatory.
******************************
IC 751 = UGC 6972 = MCG +07-25-011 = CGCG 215-011 = KTG 40C = PGC 37721
11 58 52.6 +42 34 13; UMa
V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 30°
24" (5/11/13): fairly faint to moderately bright, very
elongated 7:2 SSW-NNE, 40"x12".
Sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus. Forms a pair with
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 751 = Spitaler 48, along with IC 752, on 18 May 1892 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna Observatory.
******************************
IC 752 = CGCG 215-014 = PGC 37747
11 59 15.0 +42 34 01; UMa
V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.45'
24" (5/11/13): faint to fairly faint, small, round, fairly low even surface brightness, 20" diameter. Fainter of a pair with IC 751 4.1' W.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 752 = Spitaler 49, along with IC 751, on 18 May 1892 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna Observatory.
******************************
11 59 23.6 -01 39 16; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 0.95'x0.75'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 19°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint, round, 0.4' diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located just 0.8' E of a mag 10.6 star and a slightly brighter mag 10.0 star is 3' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 754 = J. 2-739 on 22 Mar 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
12 01 10.3 +14 06 16; Com
V = 13.2; Size 2.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 145°
24" (5/20/20): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, excellent very thin edge-on! Extended ~10:1 NW-SE, ~80"x8", bright core, tapers at tips. A mag 10.1 star is 5.6' SSE.
18" (4/9/05): fairly faint, edge-on NW-SE, 1.0'x0.2',
low even surface brightness. A mag
10 star is 5.5' SE and 2' ENE of this star is
Lewis Swift discovered IC 755 = Sw. 8-61 on 20 Apr 1889 and
reported "eeF; S; E; bet. the n 2 of 3 st. forming a large
triangle." His position and description
matches this edge-on. Harold
Corwin identifies
******************************
12 04 00.8 +52 35 18; UMa
V = 12.5; Size 3.3'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 30°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 757 = Big. 166 on 11 Mar 1886. According to Harold Corwin, Bigourdan misidentified a star as NGC 4068 on two nights and "rediscovered" NGC 4068 on 11 Mar 1886, though reversed the direction of his offsets. Dreyer assumed Big. 166 was new, and it was catalogued again as IC 757. But once the error is corrected, IC 757 = NGC 4068.
NED and SIMBAD equate IC 757 with NGC 4068, though CGCG, UGC, MCG and PGC and SIMBAD only gave the single identity NGC 4068.
******************************
12 04 11.9 +62 30 19; UMa
V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 9°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately to fairly large, round, 1.2' diameter?, low surface brightness, slightly brighter core that occasionally appears as a bar oriented SW-NE. Located 7' E of a mag 9.4 star.
24" (6/3/19): at 200x; fairly faint, moderately large,
over 1' diameter, brighter elongated core, subtle structure in the halo with
slightly brighter sections or arcs.
Located 7' E of mag 9.4
Lewis Swift discovered IC 758 = Sw. 7-18 on 17 Apr 1888 and
reported "eeF; pS; R; bet. 2 distant st., one a coarse D[ouble]; ee
diff." The "coarse
D[ouble star]" is ~5' N. CGCG
didn't label
******************************
12 05 53.5 -29 17 32; Hya
V = 12.5; Size 1.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 148°
18" (5/28/06): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 0.8'x0.3', broad concentration to a slightly bulging center. A group of faint stars lies ~5' N and another group with a couple of brighter mag 11 stars is SW. A faint 20" pair of mag 14/15 stars is 1.5' SW.
Ormond Stone discovered IC 760 = LM(S) 464 on 3 Jan 1889 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. His description reads "rr (highly resolved?), brighter in the middle, stellar nucleus", with a magnitude of 15.0 and a diameter of 0.2'. The discovery was published in the observatory's catalogue of Southern Nebulae (Vol 1, Part 6, 1893). Howe, in his visual survey of IC objects, noted there was "either a star of mag 14 at 150°, or the nebula is elongated in that direction." The latter is correct. DeLisle Stewart found this galaxy again on an Arequipa plate in 1899, measured the position, and noted "F, S, R. bM."
******************************
12 08 12.0 +25 45 26; Com
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 144°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, 30"x24", very small brighter nucleus. A mag 12 star is 2.5' SE. Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 762 = J. 2-741, along with IC 763, on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 763 = MCG +04-29-035 = CGCG 128-038 = PGC 38525
12 08 15.3 +25 48 41; Com
Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 86°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, ~20"x15". A mag 14.8 star is 40" NE. Forms a pair (same redshift) as slightly brighter IC 762 3.4' SSW. Member of the USGC U458 group at 325 million l.y.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 763 = J. 2-742, along with IC 762, on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
12 11 02.7 +12 06 14; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 0.85'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 75°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; almost moderately bright, fairly
small, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~25"x20", fairly high surface
brightness, very small brighter nucleus that increases to an occasional stellar
nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 767 = J. 1-209, along with IC
768 and
******************************
IC 768 = UGC 7192 = MCG +02-31-044 = CGCG 069-075 = PGC 38848
12 11 47.6 +12 08 37; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 112°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, low but uneven surface brightness, slightly brighter elongated core, ~0.6'x0.3'. A mag 11.3 star is 1.5' SE. IC 767 lies 11' WSW and IC 769 is 11' ESE. IC 768 lies in the background (twice the redshift).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 768 = J. 1-210, along with IC 767 and IC 769, on 1 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 769 = UGC 7209 = MCG +02-31-047 = CGCG 069-083 = LGG 285-005 = PGC 38916
12 12 32.3 +12 07 26; Vir
V = 13.0; Size 2.5'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 40°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly large, oval
3:2 SW-NE, 1.5'x1.0', very diffuse, broad weak concentration with an elongated
core or bar. IC 768 lies 11'
W. Member of LGG 285, a large
Virgo group with brightest member
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 769 = Spitaler 19 = J. 1-211 on 24 Dec 1891. His position is accurate. Javelle rediscovered this galaxy the following year on April 1, 1892 along with discoveries of IC 767 and 768.
******************************
12 15 13.2 +13 11 04; Vir
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 92°
48" (4/27/22): at 488x; moderately bright, slightly
elongated 4:3 E-W, ~40"x30", contains a small bright core. A mag 16 star is 0.5' W. Located 10' WNW of
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 771 on 1 Apr 1891 while
measuring the position of
******************************
12 18 08.1 +06 08 22; Vir
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 0°
24" (4/28/14): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
20" diameter, gradually incr to the center. Located 19' WNW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 773 = J. 2-744 on 4 May 1893 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory and recorded "F, vS, dif, 2 vF st inv." His position is accurate.
******************************
12 19 03.2 +08 51 20; Vir
V = 13.8; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 98°
17.5" (5/14/88): faint, moderately large, diffuse,
slightly elongated. Forms the
northern vertex of two stars mag 10/11 to south. Pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 776 = J. 2-746 on 4 May 1893.
******************************
12 19 23.8 +28 18 36; Com
V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 140°
17.5" (4/9/99): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.4', little if any concentration. The compact cluster Shkh 202 is ~8' NE! (6 faint members close to a mag 6.7 star located 11' NE viewed).
17.5" (5/23/98): faint, small, round, 30"
diameter. Picked up 9' N of 9 Com
(V = 6.3). At 280x, elongated 3:2
NNW-SSE, PA ~160°, 0.8'x0.5', very weak concentration. Located 18' NE of
Truman Safford discovered IC 777 = Sf. 18 on 14 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and simply noted "vF". His RA is 9 seconds too large.
******************************
12 14 22.0 +56 00 42; UMa
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 130°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 778 = Sw. 7-19 on 3 Apr 1888 and noted
"eF, pS, R, bet 2 st in meridian [N-S], n. one = 13 mag." There is nothing at his position. It's possible IC 778 = MCG +09-20-146,
though this galaxy is 10' north of Swift's position and 40 seconds of RA east,
so it's off in both directions.
Although
But Harold Corwin found that if Swift made an error of exactly 5 minutes in RA (too large), then his position matches NGC 4198, which also is bracketed by two stars (oriented NNW-SSE). The only uncertainty is why did Swift mention the "north one = 13 mag", when the southern star is the brighter one? Still, this identification is more likely than MCG +09-20-146.
******************************
12 19 58.4 +25 46 18; Com
V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x1.2'; PA = 7°
24" (5/30/16): moderately bright, fairly small,
elongated 5:3 N-S, ~35"x20", brighter along the major axis. Located 10' W of HJ 517 = 9.1/12.5 at
20", 14' SSW of mag 6.1
William Herschel discovered IC 780 = J. 2-747 on 6 Apr 1785
(sweep 393). He recorded
"suspected, but probably a deception of two close stars." Caroline's reduction lands just 1.3' NE
of this galaxy, so the identification is certain, although he didn't confirm
the observation and it wasn't included in his published catalogues. Wolfgang Steinicke included this
observation of IC 780 in his "Herschel Special" objects file. IC 780 was the first of six IC galaxies
that Herschel discovered while sweeping with his 18.7" that were not
catalogued, generally because of uncertainty. In addition
Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 13 Apr 1893 and was credited in the IC.
******************************
12 20 03.3 +14 57 41; Com
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 45°
17.5" (5/23/87): very faint, small, round, diffuse,
very weakly concentrated core. A
mag 15 star is off the north end 30" from center. Located 2.0' ESE of a mag 10 star. Form a pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 781 = Big. 172 on 10 May 1888.
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12 21 36.9 +05 45 56; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 1.4'x0.6'; PA = 59°
24" (4/28/14): fairly faint, small, round, 18"
(core), weak concentration to center.
I missed the low surface brightness outer extensions WSW-ENE. A mag 13.4 star is 0.6' S of
center. This galaxy is a little
brighter than
Auguste Voigt discovered IC 782 = Voigt 4a = J. 1-212 on 27 Apr 1865 with the 31-inch silver-on-glass reflector at the Marseilles observatory. His RA was accurate but the declination was off by 2'. None of Voigt's discoveries were published due to his positions not being determined accurately enough.
Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 782 on 17 Mar 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory and recorded "eF, S, R." His position is just off the west side of the galaxy.
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12 21 38.8 +15 44 42; Com
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x1.0'; PA = 141°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint,
very slightly elongated ~E-W, 40" diameter, low but slightly uneven surface
brightness. Appears fainter than
the listed magnitude. Forms the
northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 12.3 star 3' SE and a mag 13.4 star
2.4' SW. Situated 19' WSW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 783 = Sw. 7-20 on 6 Apr 1888 and
reported "eF; S; R; nearly between 2 st. east and west;
******************************
12 22 30.1 -04 39 10; Vir
V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 109°
14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x and 226x; faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 ~E-W, ~50"x20", low pretty even surface brightness. A mag 9.7 star is 3' S and a mag 13 star is a similar distance W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 784 = Sw. 8-62 on 25 Mar 1889 and recorded "vF; pL; vE; pB * s[outh]." His position was ~5' too far north. In his survey of IC objects around 1900, Howe measured an accurate position, noted the elongation of the galaxy was E-W and the "pB * s" was a mag 8.5 star 2.9' S.
******************************
12 25 25.1 +16 07 27; Com
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5" (5/23/87): very faint, small, round. Located 3' S of a mag 10 star and 11'
WSW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 787 = Sw. 7-21 on 7 Apr 1888 and logged "eF; pS; R; B * n; 4405 following."
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12 26 07.1 +16 10 52; Com
V = 12.0; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 20°
See observing notes for NGC 4405.
Stephane Javelle found IC 788 = J. 2-748 on 19 May 1893. His offsets point directly to NGC 4405. The IC description mentions "II. 88 [NGC 4405] south", but Javelle doesn't mention NGC 4405 in his description, so as Harold Corwin notes, this must have been added by Dreyer based on the position.
******************************
12 26 35.5 +09 02 07; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 94°
24" (6/4/16): at 225x; fairly faint, small, elonagated
3:2 E-W, 24"x16", very small brighter nucleus. Third of three in an interconnected
quartet with
17.5" (3/24/90): very faint, very small, elongated
E-W. Forms a pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 790 = Big. 173 on 6 Apr 1888, very near NGC 4410.
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12 26 59.5 +22 38 22; Com
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'
14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; fairly faint, round, 25"-30" diameter, broad weak concentration. A 7' string of 4 mag 12.5-15.0 stars oriented N-S is directy SW.
Truman Safford discovered IC 791 = Sf. 26 on 6 Jun 1866. His position is accurate.
******************************
12 28 16.0 +09 26 11; Vir
V = 12.8; Size 2.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 106°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 793 = Sw. 8-63 on 6 May 1888 and
recorded "eF; S; eE; 3 others in field." His position lands 15 seconds of RA west of NGC 4445, and
the description "extremely elongated" fits. The "3 others in field" might apply to
******************************
12 28 08.6 +12 05 36; Vir
V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 103°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; very faint, low surface brightness patch, ~50" diameter, very diffuse with no core or nucleus. Situated between two 8th magnitude stars 6.5' ENE and 8' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 794 = J. 1-215 on 23 Apr 1892. His position is accurate. Schwassmann found it again on a plate taken by Max Wolf and the Konigstuhl-Heidelberg Observatory and reported it as new (Sn 191)
******************************
12 29 26.4 +16 24 17; Com
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 145°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 158x and 226x; fairly faint, nearly edge-on 3:1 or 7:2 SW-NE, ~45"x15", small brighter elongated core. Located 17' NE of NGC 4405.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 796 = J. 1-216 on 25 Apr 1892. His position is accurate.
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12 31 54.8 +15 07 27; Com
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 108°
17.5" (5/23/87): faint, small, slightly elongated ~E-W,
weak concentration. Located 42' N
of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 797 = J. 1-217 on 22 Apr 1892 and recorded "faint, almost round, 30" diameter, gradually bM."
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12 32 33.4 +15 24 55; Com
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (5/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round,
20" diameter. A mag 12.5 star is 2.3' NNE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 798 = J. 1-218 on 22 Apr 1892. His position is ~40" too far north, perhaps due to an error in the offset star.
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12 33 49.9 -07 22 32; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 101°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 799 = Sw. 8-64 on 21 Apr 1889 and reported "eF; eS; R; ? eF * is in contact on p[receding] side." His position is just off the east edge of NGC 4520 and his description fits. William Herschel discovered NGC 4520 = H. III-757 on 20 Mar 1789 (sweep 913) and logged "2 vF stars involved in nebulosity, vF, S." Apparently their positions were just far enough off that neither Swift nor Dreyer realized that IC 799 = NGC 4520.
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IC 800 = UGC 7716 = MCG +03-32-069 = PGC 41763
12 33 56.7 +15 21 17; Com
V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 148°
24" (5/25/22): at 263x; between faint and pretty faint;
slightly elongated NNW-SSE, ~1' diameter, low nearly even surface
brightness. IC 798 lies 20' WNW
and
17.5" (5/23/87): very faint, diffuse, almost round, even surface brightness. Forms the west vertex of an 8' equilateral triangle with two mag 11-12 stars to the SE and NE. NGC 4540 lies 18' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 800 = J. 1-219 on 22 Apr 1892 and recorded "faint, almost round, 30" diameter, gradually bM."
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12 33 44.9 +52 15 17; CVn
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 55°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, ~0.6' diameter, very small bright nucleus ~5" diameter. A mag 12.4 star is barely off the south edge [30" from center] and a mag 10.4 star is 6' NNW. Situated nearly on the border of CVn and UMa.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 801 = Sw. 9-34 on 23 May 1890 and
reported "eeF; S; R; * close n." His position is a good match with
******************************
12 39 37.5 +16 35 17; Com
Size 0.8'x0.15'; PA = 124°
48" (4/19/15): at 488x and 697x; the core of the eastern component of this interacting double system appeared fairly faint, small, round. A very faint, thin spike (tidal plume or jet) was visible extending ~15" SE. Occasionally a second, very faint stubby tidal tail extended ~10" north-northwest . The entire length of this chaotic galaxy was ~30".
The nucleus of the western component (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 803 = J. 1-220 on 25 Apr 1892 with the 30-inch f/23 refractor at Nice, France. His position is accurate.
******************************
12 41 16.0 -05 00 33; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.5'
17.5" (1/31/87): fairly faint, very small, round, small
bright core, slightly elongated.
Fourth of four in a group (USGC S181); 12' NE of
17.5" (2/28/87): appears slightly elongated.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 804 = Sw. 7-22 on 3 Apr 1888 and logged "vF; vS; R."
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12 41 25.4 +13 43 46; Com
V = 14.3; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 126°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 805 = Sw. 8-65 on 20 Apr 1889 and reported "vF; pL; R; 2 pB stars n and nf." His position is about 8 seconds of RA west of NGC 4611 = UGC 7849, but close enough that I'm surprised that neither Swift nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence. Dorothy Carlson and Roger Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 equate NGC 4611= IC 805 although UGC, MCG, CGCG, PGC and HyperLeda only use the NGC 4611 designation and ignore IC 805..
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12 42 08.4 -17 20 58; Crv
Size 1.2'x0.9'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, elongated
4:3 ~N-S, 35" diameter. A mag 11.4 star is 1' SW and interferes with the
view. IC 806 is the fainter of a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 806 = J. 1-221, along with IC 807, on 25 May 1892. His position is accurate.
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IC 807 = MCG -03-32-020 = PGC 42635
12 42 12.5 -17 24 13; Crv
Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, 30"-35" diameter. Forms a pair with IC 807 3.4' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 807 = J. 1-222, along with IC 806, on 25 May 1892. His position is accurate.
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12 42 08.7 +11 45 15; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'
48" (4/19/17): at 697x; moderately to fairly bright,
fairly large, slightly elongated 5:4 NW-SE, contains a large brighter core but
no nucleus, and a low surface brightness outer halo ~50"x40". A mag 10.9 star is 1.2' SSW. Picked up 6.6' NNE of
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, fairly even surface brightness. Situated 1.2' NNE of an 11th magnitude star and 6.5' NNE of M59.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 809 = Sw. 7-23 on 6 May 1888 and
recorded "eF; pS; R; bet. 2 st.; all 3 point to 4621 [M59]." His position is 1' SW of
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12 42 09.1 +12 35 48; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 167°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; faint, fairly small, the
central region is ~25"x15" NNW-SSE with a weak concentration. The
outer extension have a very low surface brightness and extend
45"x15".
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, edge-on 5:1
NNW-SSE, ~1.0'x0.2', pretty even surface brightness except for a very small or
stellar nucleus. A 30" pair
of mag 11.7/12.6 stars is 5' SE.
This Virgo cluster member is located 21' S of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 810 = Sw. 7-24 on 6 May 1888 and reported "eF; pS; eE." His position and description fits.
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12 44 47.1 -10 11 52; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 170°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 811 = Big. 176 on 13 May
1888. His position matches NGC
4663, discovered by Tempel in 1883.
Tempel's position was only roughly placed 8' south-following
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12 44 50.9 -04 26 06; Vir
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 118°
24" (5/25/22): at 375x; between pretty faint and moderately bright, slightly elongated E-W, 0.5'x0.4', fairly weak concentration with brighter nucleus. A mag 13.8 star is 1.5' SE and a trapezoid containing 3 mag 11-12 stars is ~4' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 812 = J. 2-752 on 15 May 1893. His position is accurate.
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12 45 11.8 +23 02 10; Com
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 21°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint (visible continuously), round, 25" diameter, sharp concentration with a very small bright nucleus. A faint star is at the NW edge. Situated between a mag 11.7 star 3.9' WNW and a mag 13.5 star 2.2' ESE.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 813 = Spitaler 20 on 6 Apr
1891. His micrometric position is
accurate. The UGC and MCG
incorrectly equate this galaxy with
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12 45 34.1 -08 05 30; Vir
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.3'; PA = 171°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~0.4'x0.2'. Situated just east of the midpoint of the line connecting mag 10.1 HD 110873 4.9' NW and a mag 11.3 star 4.7' SSE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 814 = J. 2-753 on 10 May
1893. His position is
accurate. HyperLEDA and SIMBAD
fail to identify
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12 46 22.7 +11 52 36; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25"-30" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 13' SW of 6th magnitude 34 Virginis.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 815 = J. 1-223 on 23 Apr
1892. His position is accurate,
though I'm surprised he missed MCG +02-33-017 to the northeast.
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12 46 46.3 +09 51 02; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 35°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
oval 3:2 SW-NE, 30"x20", very small brighter core (round) that
increases to a slightly brighter quasi-stellar nucleus. Slightly brighter of a pair with
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, small, round,
25", very small brighter nucleus, moderately low surface brightness. Similar to IC 817 2.7' ENE. Located 20' NNE of mag 5.7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 816 = Sw. 7-25, along with IC 817, on 5 May 1888 and reported "eeeF; vS; R; * with F companion nf; np of 2." The last comment should read "sp of 2". The "* with faint companion" may refer to a wide pair 6' NE, which is closer to IC 817.
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IC 817 = IC 3764 = MCG +02-33-020 = CGCG 071-039 = PGC 43126
12 46 56.8 +09 51 26; Vir
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.55'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. Visible continuously but fairly low surface brightness. Fainter of a pair with IC 816 2.7' WSW.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, contains a very small brighter core. Slightly smaller than similar IC 816 2.7' WSW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 817 = Sw. 7-26, along with IC 816, on 5 May 1888 and reported "eeF; vS; R; sf of 2 [with IC 816]. Although his positions are pretty good, IC 817 is north-following of IC 816, not south-following as Swift stated. Corwin suggests that Swift may have mixed up his descriptions as this galaxy is the fainter one and has a wide pair to the northeast.
Schwassmann found this galaxy again on a Heidelberg plate
taken 20 Feb 1900 and reported Sn. 149 (later
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12 46 44.6 +29 44 07; Com
V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.25'; PA = 47°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, very
elongated 3:1 or 4:1 SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.15'.
This galaxy has a much higher surface brightness than
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 818 = Spitaler 50, along with IC 821, on 19 Mar 1892. His position and description ("Somewhat irregularly round nebula, 1/4' to 1/2' compact center. 2.5' northeast is a mag 12 star. Discovered on 19 March 1892." is a perfect match, though he called this edge-on galaxy "round".
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12 46 10.1 +30 43 55; Com
V = 13.7; Size 2.3'x0.5'; PA = 179°
82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; the tidal tail north of IC 819 (NNW member of the interacting "Mice" (NGC 4676)) was very prominent as a direct vision streak, extending at least as far as the mag 17.3 star situated 1.6' due north of the center of the galaxy.
48" (4/6/13): IC 819 is the NNW component of a fascinating
interacting pair with
24" (5/22/17): IC 819 = NGC 4676A is the slightly fainter northwest component of the interacting "Mice" duo. At 375x it appeared faint to fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 15" diameter. The tidal tail was easily seen as a straight thin extension due north, so the combined galaxy/tail extended ~60"x10". The tail has only a slightly lower surface brightness than the "head" (core of the galaxy).
17.5" (4/28/89): the northwest member (IC 819) of the interacting pair "The Mice" appeared faint, small, low surface brightness, elongated N-S.
Rudolph Spitaler resolved IC 819 and 820, the two components
of the "Mice", on 20 Mar 1892 using the 27" Grubb refractor at
Vienna. His position is exactly 1
min of RA too far east, so he made a digit error in computing or copying the
position. Gerard de Vaucouleurs used
the letter suffixes
******************************
IC 820 = NGC 4676B = Arp 242 NED2 = VV 224b = UGC 7939 = MCG +05-30-077 = CGCG 159-072S = Holm 459a = PGC 43065 = The Mice
12 46 11.2 +30 43 22; Com
V = 13.6; Size 2.0'x0.8'; PA = 2°
82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; the tidal tail to the south of IC 820 was only seen as a very low surface brightness glow without any definite structure.
48" (4/6/13): IC 820 is the slightly brighter SSE
component of
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; IC 820 = NGC 4676 is the slightly brighter southeast member of the interacting Mice duo. It appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, very small brighter nucleus, 20" diameter. With averted vision the there was a strong hint of haze on the south side, but its tidal tail wasn't seen. The core of IC 819 is close northwest [38" between centers].
17.5" (4/28/89): this is the southeast member of the interacting pair dubbed "The Mice". This object is the brighter of the pair and appears faint, small, round with a small bright core. In contact with NGC 4676A at the northwest edge.
Rudolph Spitaler resolved IC 819 and 820, the two components of the "Mice", on 20 Mar 1892 using the 27" Grubb refractor at Vienna. His position is exactly 1 min of RA too far east, so he made a digit error in computing the position. Gerard de Vaucouleurs used the letter suffixes NGC 4676A and 4676B in the 1956 "Survey of Bright Galaxies South of -35° Declination", based on Mt Stromlo plates, and the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".
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IC 821 = UGC 7957 = MCG +05-30-083 = CGCG 159-076 = PGC 43161
12 47 26.2 +29 47 16; Com
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; almost fairly faint, round, 30"-35" diameter, low even surface brightness. This face-on spiral could be held continuously with averted vision. Several mag 11-13.5 stars are scattered to the SE. IC 821 forms a pair with IC 818 9.6' SW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 821 = Spitaler 53, along with IC 818, on 19 Mar 1892. His description reads, "Round nebulous ball of 1.5' diameter, gradually brighter towards the middle. Two brighter stars stand south of the nebula, following a bit." His position was accurate.
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12 47 45.6 +30 04 38; Com
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (5/31/22): at 263x and 327x; faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, low surface brightness, occasional stellar nucleus. A mag 12 star is 5.5' E and another mag 12 star (brightest in a collinear trio) is 6' N.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 822 = Spitaler 54 on 18 Mar 1892.
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12 49 41.9 -04 34 46; Vir
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 85°
18" (4/30/11): faint, but easily picked as a small glow, elongated 3:2 E-W, 25"x15". A mag 15 star lies 30" ESE of center. I kept having the impression that I was resolving a very faint star or nearly stellar galaxy that was attached and the SDDS image reveals this is a double system (oreinted E-W) with two nuclei encased in a common halo, comfirming my impression.
Stephane Javelle found IC 824 = J. 2-754 on 15 May 1893 and
reported, "pB, elongated E-W, moderately large, appears to have two
centers of condensation."
This galaxy appears to be a merged system and Javelle noticed the twin
nuclei. Leavenworth's position for
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12 50 19.2 -05 21 47; Vir
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 79°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x and 260x; extremely to very
faint, very small, roundish, 15" diameter. Located 6' SW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 825 = Sw. 7-27 on 6 May 1888 and
reported "eeeF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 st. east and west; 2nd of 3; [NGC]
4705, 4718 near." His
position is just 1.3' SW of
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12 51 19.9 +31 03 35; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, round, 25"-30" diameter. Increasing to 375x; the center was occasionally brighter and elongated, suggesting a bar. A mag 11 star is 4' S.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 826 = Spitaler 55 on 20 Mar 1892. His position is accurate.
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12 51 55.0 +16 16 57; Com
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 103°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint but not difficult, fairly
small, elongated 3:2 E-W, 30"x20", low surface brightness, very weak
concentration. Mag 14 stars are 2' W and 3' SW. IC 827 lies 12' NW of mag 6.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 827 = J. 1-224 on 19 May 1892. His position is ~1' too far southwest, but the identification is certain.
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12 52 27.4 -15 31 07; Crv
V = 13.7; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 11.9
18" (5/28/06): very faint, very small, round, 15"
diameter. This member of
18" (4/29/06): brightest in small trio within AGC
1631. Appeared fairly faint,
fairly small, small bright core.
Initially appeared elongated 2:1 E-W though in moments of better seeing
in poor conditions, it appeared double with a knot (MCG -02-33-036) resolved at
the west edge. Located 8.8' SW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 829 = Big. 178 on 13 May 1888. MCG and PGC misidentify MCG -02-33-038 as IC 829.
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12 51 16.4 +53 41 43; UMa
V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 164°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, 30"x20", broad concentration to a small brighter core and nucleus.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; moderately bright, fairly small,
the core is bright, slightly elongated, 15" diameter, increases to a
stellar nucleus. The N-S
extensions are much fainter and increase size to 30"x15". Member of a group (LGG 300) that
includes
Lewis Swift discovered IC 830 = Sw. 9-35 on 8 Jun 1890 and reported "vF; vS; lE; stellar." His position was 1.6' too far southeast.
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12 52 44.1 +26 28 13; Com
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 96°
24" (5/25/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly
elongated E-W, 25"x20", low nearly even surface brightness. A mag 10.6 star is 3.3' S and mag 9.3
Rudolf Spitaler discovered IC 831 = Spitaler 56, along with a rediscovery of IC 832, on 25 Feb 1892.
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IC 832 = MCG +05-30-119 = CGCG 159-105 = PGC 43848
12 53 59.1 +26 26 39; Com
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. A 27" pair of mag 12 stars is 2' NW and roughly "point" to the galaxy. IC 831 lies 17' WNW.
Truman Safford discovered IC 832 = Sf. 22 = Spitaler 57 on 16 May 1866, though the discovery wasn't published until 1887. Rudolph Spitaler found it again at Vienna on 24 Feb 1892. He noted a beautiful double star to the northeast, but the correct direction is northwest.
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12 56 36.1 -06 49 04; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35°
17.5" (5/17/90): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Located 11' NE of a mag 9.5 star.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 833 = Sw. 8-66 on 25 Mar 1889 and
reported "vF; S; R."
Close to his position is an extremely faint galaxy (
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12 56 18.6 +26 21 32; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 95°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, 25"x20", fairly high surface brightness, stellar
nucleus.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 834 = Spitaler 58, along with IC 835, 837 and 838, on 24 Feb 1892. His description reads, "Faint nebula, but slightly brighter than Nova 57 [IC 832], 45" diameter, star-like nucleus.". His position was ~1.5' too far south (same error as IC 835), so there was likely an error in the position of his offset star.
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IC 835 = MCG +05-31-021 = CGCG 160-032 = PGC 44200
12 56 52.3 +26 29 16; Com
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; between faint and fairly faint,
fairly small, roundish, 24", very slightly brighter nucleus. This member of
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 835 = Spitaler 59, along with IC 834, 837 and 838, on 24 Feb 1892. He described the IC 835, 837 pair as "Two pale, round nebulae of 30" diameter."
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12 55 54.0 +63 36 44; Dra
V = 14.2; Size 1.3'x0.25'; PA = 73°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, thin edge-on, ~6:1 WSW-ENE, even surface brightness, except for a small brighter core. A mag 12 star is close off the east tip of the galaxy. A 14th mag star is nearly attached to the north edge, a bit west of the core. A mag 9.9 star is 7' due south.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; very interesting edge-on! This galaxy is very thin, ~8:1 WSW-ENE,
~60"x8", tapers at tips.
It extends directly west of a mag 12.4 star and a 14th mag star is just
off the NW flank. Located 39' W of mag 6.0
Lewis Swift discovered IC 836 = Sw. 7-28 on 1 Jun 1888 and reported "eeeF; vS; bet. 2 st 11 and 12 mag p and f close to latter; an eee diff. object." His position is 1.1' too far ENE, which is within his usual errors. This galaxy is not identified as IC 836 in CGCG, MCG, UGC, PGC as well as the online LEDA database.
******************************
IC 837 = MCG +05-31-028 = CGCG 160-041 = PGC 44322
12 57 31.2 +26 30 44; Com
V = 14.7; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 12°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, small, elongated 2:1
~N-S, ~30"x15". This
member of AGC 1656 (Coma Galaxy Cluster) is located 9' ENE of IC 835 and 12' NW
of
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 837 = Spitaler 60, along with IC 834, 835 and 838, on 24 Feb 1892. He described the IC 835, 837 pair as "Two pale, round nebulae of 30" diameter."
******************************
12 58 13.6 +26 25 37; Com
V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.55'
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; very faint, very small, round, low surface brightness, 15" diameter. This outlying member of AGC 1656 is located just 1.8' N of the center of NGC 4849.
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; extremely faint, very small, round, 10" diameter [core region only]. This faint galaxy forms a double with NGC 4849 just 1.8' S.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 838 on 24 Feb 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna, although he confused the main object he reported as new. His description for Nova 61 (actually NGC 4849) reads, "Brightness and appearance like Nova 58. Probably identical with Nova d'Arrest [NGC 4849]. Northeast of this nebula, at 1.5', there is still another nebula, but much fainter; Both together form a pretty double nebula." Dreyer realized that Spitaler 61 referred to NGC 4849, but Spitaler's second fainter nebula to the northeast was catalogued as IC 838.
CGCG mislabels NGC 4849 as IC 838
******************************
12 58 15.0 +28 07 33; Com
V = 15.0; Size 0.45'x0.25'; PA = 84°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, ~15"x10". This member of AGC 1656 (Coma Galaxy Cluster) is located 2' SW of NGC 4851.
Bigourdan discovered IC 839 = Big. 179 on 12 May 1885. His original estimated position in his
4th discovery list in 1891 is ~1.1' SW of the double system
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12 58 42.0 +10 36 59; Vir
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 161°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; pretty faint, round, diffuse, at most 30" diameter. Forms the northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 13.3 star 2' SW and a mag 12.8 star 3' SE. Located 10' WSW of mag 8.1 HD 112828.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 840 = J. 2-756 on 19 May 1893.
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12 59 47.3 +21 48 48; Com
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 150°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, 25"-30" diameter, low irregular surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is 2.5' SE. Located 0.7° ENE of
Herbert Couper Wilson discovered IC 841 = W. VI-132, along
with
Max Wolf found the galaxy again on a Heidelberg plate and questioned if object #132 on his 6th list was identical to IC 841. Dreyer gave Wolf's corrected coordinates in the IC 2 Notes. Neither CGCG nor MCG identify their equivalent catalogue entries as IC 841.
******************************
13 00 39.6 +29 01 11; Com
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 57°
18" (4/30/11): faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE,
0.7'x0.45', broad weak concentration with no distinct core or nucleus. Located
13' SW of
Truman Safford discovered IC 842 = Sf. 2 on 3 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory.
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13 01 33.6 +29 07 50; Com
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 134°
18" (4/30/11): fairly faint, very elongated 7:2 NW-SE,
45"x12", contains a very small brighter nucleus. IC 4088 lies 5.6' SSE,
Truman Safford found IC 843 = Sf. 3, along with IC 842, on 3
May 1866. This galaxy was probably
originally discovered by Lawrence Parsons, the 4th Earl of Rosse on 24 Apr 1865
and catalogued as NGC 4913. On the
same observation he discovered NGC 4912, NGC 4916 and IC 4088. Parsons assumed he was observing the
******************************
13 03 18.2 -30 31 16; Cen
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 100°
18" (5/3/11): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly
small, elongated ~2:1 E-W, 30"x15", slightly brighter core. Located 13' W of
18" (3/17/07): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
5:2 ~E-W, 0.8'x0.3', slightly brighter core. In a group with NGC 4936 12' E. A mag 9 star (
Joseph Turner first discovered IC 844 on 20 May 1882 with the 48" Great Melbourne Telescope. Turner mistakenly assumed he was observing NGC 4936, though he noted two discrepancies with Herschel's description. First, he found the "nebula" considerably elongated (the sketch shows E-W), while Herschel described it (NGC 4936) as round. Also, he found a star preceding, while Herschel mentioned a star 6 seconds of time following. His comments and sketch clearly refer to IC 844, instead of NGC 4936. Yann Pothier found this early discovery in July 2020.
Frank Muller rediscovered IC 844 = LM(S) 585 on 13 May 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. His filar micrometer is accurate and was copied into the IC I.
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13 04 57.4 +12 04 45; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 129°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter. A mag 13 star is 3' W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 845 = Sw. 8-67 on 3 May 1889 and
reported "eeeF; S; R; F * nr. p[receding]." There is nothing at his position, though the declination is
given to the nearest minute and marked as uncertain. Junder under 6' WSW of his position is
******************************
13 05 21.1 +23 05 44; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 154°
24" (5/31/22): at 263x and 327x; between faint and fairly faint, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness except for a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 15 "star" is 2.6' W. The SDSS reveals this is a close 2" pair.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 846 = J. 1-225 on 16 Jan 1892. His position is accurate.
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13 05 32.2 +53 41 07; UMa
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0
18" (6/27/03): faint, small, slightly elongated,
25"x20", weak concentration to a slightly brighter core and a ver
faint stellar nucleus. In a small,
rich group with
Lewis Swift found IC 847 = Sw. 9-36 on 11 May 1890 and recorded "vF; S; R; bet 2 star. His position matches NGC 4973 and the two stars are 2.6' W and 2' SE. So, NGC 4973 = IC 847. Herbert Howe found NGC 4973 again on 29 Jun 1900 and included it in his 3rd list of new nebulae (#19), assuming NGC 4973 and 4974 were further east. He stated in his notes that 3-19 was near IC 847, so Corwin concludes Howe probably misidentified NGC 4974 as IC 847.
******************************
13 07 38.7 -00 56 33; Vir
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated 5:4 SW-NE?, ~40" diameter. Weak concentration but no distinct core or nucleus. The halo has an ill-defined periphery.
Largest in a group (USGC U516) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 849 = J. 2-757, along with IC 850, on 10 May 1893.
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IC 850 = MCG +00-34-003 = CGCG 016-004 = PGC 45491
13 07 50.2 -00 52 06; Vir
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 68°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; faint, small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 30"x12", low surface brightness, broad weak concentration, no core or nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 849 5' SSW and part of a small group (USGC U516).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 850 = J. 2-758, along with IC 849, on 10 May 1893.
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IC 851 = UGC 8219 = MCG +04-31-009 = CGCG 130-011 = KUG 1306+213 = PGC 45552
13 08 34.3 +21 02 59; Com
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 152°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 40"x20", low even surface brightness.
Édouard Stephan was the first to discover IC 851 on 26 Apr 1878. His rough position was 4' SE, consistent with his other uncorrected errors. Apparently he never measured an accurate position as the discovery wasn't published and he wasn't credited.
Herbert C. Wilson rediscovered IC 851, along with IC 841, on 24/25 Feb 1892 with the 16.2-inch Brashear refractor of the Goodsell Observatory in Minnesota. Wilson found these while searching for Winnecke's Comet and he noted "both are very faint and can only be seen with large telescopes." His position was accurate.
******************************
13 07 36.8 +60 09 26; UMa
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.9; PA = 22°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, round ~30" diameter.
With averted more of the fainter outer halo is visible increasing the
diameter to ~40", and at times the halo seems somewhat elongated. Located 5.6' E of mag 8.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 852 = Sw. 7-29 on 17 Apr 1888 and described this galaxy as "vF; pS; R; B * p[receding]." His position is good. The "bright star" is probably mag 8.3 HD 114057 5.6' W.
******************************
13 08 41.7 +52 46 27; UMa
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.0'
24" (7/23/20): at 260x; fairly faint, round, moderately large, ~0.8' diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter central region and a faint stellar nucleus. Overall the galaxy is diffuse with a fairly low surface brightness. A mag 12.4 star is 3.8' NE.
Edward Swift discovered IC 853 = Sw. 9-37 on 8 Jun
1890. His father Lewis reported
"eeF; pS; R; bet. 2 distant st[ars]." The position is fairly close (1.5' too far southeast) and the
two stars are probably NW and SE.
Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 23 May 1897 and reported Sw.
11-151 (later
******************************
13 09 50.0 +24 34 39; Com
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 122°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, round,
0.4' diameter. A faint mag 15.4
star is 1' SE. A mag 9.7 star is
4.5' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 854 = J. 1-227 on 19 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 10 36.9 -04 29 04; Vir
Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (5/31/22): at 228x and 327x; very faint, small,
round, well defined 25"-30" glow, but very low and uniform surface
brightness. A mag 14.2 star is
1.0' SW. A mag 9.8 star (SAO
139202) is 9' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 855 = J. 2-759 on 15 May 1893. He noted "faint, little extended, ill-defined, very pale. Near a star of mag 13.5 (2.5 seconds later and 40" north of the star). His position and description matches.
******************************
13 10 41.6 +20 32 12; Com
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.2'; PA = 64°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, slightly brighter core, 0.7'x0.2'. Bracketed by two mag 13.5 stars roughly 1.5' NE and 1.5' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 856 = J. 1-228 on 11 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 13 50.2 +17 04 34; Com
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 100°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, ~35"x20", broad weak concentration, irregular
halo. A 25" pair of mag
14.6/14.7 stars is 3' SW. IC 857
is the first in a trio of galaxies (same redshift) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 857 = J. 1-229 on 23 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 858 = UGC 8321 = MCG +03-34-007 = CGCG 101-011 = PGC 46069
13 14 51.9 +17 13 36; Com
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 100°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly in the fairly bright bin;
roundish, high surface brightness core region ~20" diameter, total
diameter 0.5'-0.6' diameter. Forms
a close (interacting) pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 858 = J. 1-230 on 19 May 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 859 = MCG +03-34-008 = CGCG 101-012 = ARK 408 = PGC 46074
13 14 57.3 +17 13 31; Com
V = 14.2; Size 0.65'x0.6'
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, ~20" diameter, fairly high surface brightness. Forms a close (interacting) pair with brighter IC 858 1.3' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 859 = J. 1-231 on 23 Jun 1892. His position is accurate. Perhaps this galaxy was first seen a month earlier when IC 858 was discovered, but not measured until June.
******************************
13 15 03.5 +24 37 08; Com
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 15°
24" (5/31/22): at 263x and 327x; relatively bright for an IC galaxy, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 30"x20", increases to a small bright core and occasional stellar nucleus. A mag 15.3 star is 50" NW and a mag 11 star is 5' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 860 = J. 1-232 on 16 Jun 1892. He noted "faint, round, 10" diameter, mag 14 stellar nucleus." His position is accurate.
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13 17 08.5 +20 41 30; Com
V = 15.3; Size 0.55'x0.25'; PA = 23°
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, ~20"x10". First in a group of 7 IC galaxies with
Lewis Swift probably discovered IC 864 = Sw. 8-68 on 22 Apr
1889 and recorded "eeF; pS R; 1st of 5 [with IC 866, 867, 868 and
870]." His position is 2' SSE
of
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13 17 35.5 -05 50 02; Vir
Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 40°
24" (5/31/22): at 263x, 327x and 375x; fairly faint, pretty small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25"-30" diameter. Contains a very small brighter nucleus with an occasional stellar peak. A 20" pair of mag 13.8/14.7 stars is less than 4' NNE, a mag 13 star is 2.5' ENE and a mag 14 star is 1.7' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 865 = J. 2-760 on 15 May
1893. He noted it as "faint,
very small, round, 15" diameter, stellar nucleus." Although his position is accurate,
HyperLEDA doesn't identify
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IC 866 = UGC 8354 = MCG +04-31-019 = CGCG 130-027 = WBL 438-002 = PGC 46279
13 17 16.7 +20 41 28; Com
V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.35'; PA = 33°
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; moderately bright, fairly
small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, weak core/nucleus. In this quick observation I didn't look
for the low surface brightness arm to the southwest. A mag 15.8 star is 0.9' E. Second in a group of 7 IC galaxies (10 total) with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 866 = Sw. 8-69 on 22 Apr 1889 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; 2nd of 5 [with IC 864, 867, 868, 870]." His position is 1.2' W of UGC 8354. Javelle independently discovered the group on 11 Jun 1891 (adding one additional galaxy) and measured pretty accurate positions that were used in the IC.
******************************
13 17 19.8 +20 38 17; Com
V = 13.9; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 18°
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly bright, round,
moderately large , ~0.8' diameter.
Contains a faint stellar nucleus embedded in an elongated core or bar
oriented NW-SE. This is the
largest galaxy in the group (WBL 438 = RSCG 69), although the halo has a very
low surface brightness. IC 866
lies 3.3' N,
Forms a close pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 867 = Sw. 8-70 on 22 Apr 1889 and
recorded "eeF; pS; R; 3rd of 5." He also noted in his description of IC 870 that "4 pB
st. in a curve sf points to the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th." His position is 1.3' S of
******************************
IC 868 = MCG +04-31-021 = CGCG 130-028 = WBL 438-003 = PGC 46281
13 17 28.5 +20 36 44; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 10°
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, 18" diameter, contains a very small bright core with a stellar nucleus. In a group with IC 870 0.9' SE and LEDA 1632104 0.6' NE. IC 867, 2.6' NW, is collinear with IC 868 and 870. LEDA 1632104 appeared faint, very small, slightly elongated, ~10"x7".
Lewis Swift discovered IC 868 = Sw. 8-71 on 22 Apr 1889 and
recorded "eeF; pS; R; 4th of 5; D[ouble] with 5th [IC 869]." His position is 2' too far SW, but the
comment "double with IC 869" as well as his description for IC 869
clearly points to
******************************
13 17 29.9 +20 41 03; Com
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; IC 869 was resolved into a very close pair of galaxies (33" separation NW-SE). IC 869 NED1, the brighter northwest component, appeared fairly faint to moderately bright (V = 15.0), fairly small, round, 15" diameter. IC 869 NED2, the fainter southeast component, appeared fairly faint, small, round, 10" diameter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 869 = J. 1-239 on 11 Jun 1891. A faint pair of galaxies, separated by 34" NW-SE, is at his position. The position here is on the brighter NW galaxy. HyperLeda doesn't recognize either of these galaxies as IC 869. Wolfgang Steinicke misclassifies this object as a star, although it is clearly nonstellar on the SDSS.
******************************
IC 870 = MCG +04-31-022 = CGCG 130-029 = WBL 438-004 = PGC 46286
13 17 30.9 +20 36 01; Com
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 50°
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 SW-NE, at least 0.5'x0.3', small bright core. Last in a group of IC galaxies with IC 868 0.9' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 870 = Sw. 8-72 on 22 Apr 1889 and
recorded "eeeF; vS; R; 5th of 5; 4 pB st. in a curve sf point to the 1st,
3rd, 4th and 5th." Although
his position was 2' too far WSW, the identification with
******************************
13 17 58.7 +04 24 12; Vir
V = 13.4; Size 1.7'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 70°
24" (5/11/13): first and largest in a trio (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 871 = J. 2-761, along with IC 873 and 876, on 5 Jun 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
******************************
13 17 01.6 +06 21 25; Vir
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 117°
24" (6/21/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~40"x35", broad concentration with a brighter middle but no distinct core. A faint mag 15.4/16.2 pair at 12" separation (cleanly resolved) is 1.2' ESE.
24" (6/16/20): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 30" diameter, slightly brighter core. A mag 15.4 star is 1.2' ESE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 872 = Sw. 10-21, along with IC
877, 878 and 880, on 28 Apr 1891 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; little brighter
middle; 1st of 5; 5060 in field = 2nd of 5; ee diff." His position falls 2' NW of UGC 8361,
which is located 24' NE of
******************************
IC 873 = CGCG 044-059 = KTG 46B = PGC 46345
13 18 16.3 +04 27 52; Vir
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (5/11/13): at 375x appeared fairly faint, small, round, 18", weak concentration. Compact galaxy with a moderately high surface brightness. Second of three (KTG 46) with IC 871 5.7' SW and IC 876 4.8' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 873 = J. 2-762, along with IC 871 and 876, on 5 Jun 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
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13 19 00.5 -27 37 44; Hya
V = 12.4; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 17°
24" (5/25/14): fairly faint to moderately bright,
fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 40"x30", well concentrated with a
small bright core that increases to the center. Located 17' SW of
Frank Muller discovered IC 874 = LM(S) 599 on 14 Mar 1888 with the 26" refractor at Leander-McCormick Observatory. His two micrometric offsets (in RA), published in the large 1893 monograph "Southern Nebulae" match ESO 508-042.
******************************
13 17 07.6 +57 32 22; UMa
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 149°
24" (5/20/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~35"x30", stellar nucleus, hint of brightening along the spine of the major axis. A mag 13.5 star is 1.4' W.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~40"x30". An isosceles triangle "points" to the galaxy, with the mag 13.5 vertex star just 1.4' W. The other two stars are 3' NW (mag 14) and 3' SW (mag 13.5).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 875 = Sw. 9-38 on 15 Jun 1890 and reported "eF; vS; R; stellar." His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 876 = MCG +01-34-017 = CGCG 044-061 = KTG 46C = PGC 46370
13 18 34.6 +04 29 11; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (5/11/13): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 24"x18", weak concentration, small brighter nucleus. Third in trio with IC 871 and 873, spanning 10' SW to NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 876 = J. 2-763, along with IC 871 and 873, on 5 Jun 1893. His micrometric position is accurate.
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13 19 40.6 -27 25 44; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 102°
48" (4/28/22): moderately bright, elongated 5:2
NNW-SSE, ~50"x20", brighter core. Located 2' SW of NGC 5078. Member of the
24" (5/25/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 50"x25", slightly brighter 20" core, fairly low surface brightness. Forms a pair with much brighter NGC 5078 2' NE.
Frank Muller discovered IC 879 = LM(S) 602 = Sw. 11-154 on
16 Feb 1888 with the 26" refractor at Leander-McCormick Observatory. His two micrometric offsets (in RA)
matches
******************************
13 19 56.3 +15 51 02; Com
V = 13.6; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 12°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; moderately bright and large,
very elongated 4:1 SSW-NNE, 0.9'x0.2', well concentrated with a small bright
core. IC 881 is the brighter and
larger of a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 881 = J. 1-241, along with IC 882, on 22 Jul 1892. His position is just off the west side of the galaxy (similar offset error as IC 882).
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IC 882 = MCG +03-34-017 = CGCG 101-027 = PGC 46508
13 20 07.0 +15 53 51; Com
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:4 SW-NE, 30"x24", stellar nucleus. A mag 15 star is 1' NW. Forms a (physical) pair with IC 881 3.9' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 882 = J. 1-242, along with IC 881, on 22 Jul 1892.
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13 20 35.3 +34 08 22; CVn
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 141°
24" (5/31/22): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated 5:2 NW-SE, ~0.6'x0.25', broad concentration, slightly brighter spot
(nucleus) near the SE end. Located
26' E of mag 5.8
This is a later stage merger with tidal tails (not seen) extending SE and SW from the main boxy body.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 883 = Spitaler 22 on 1 May 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna. He described it as "Faint, somewhat irregular round nebula, 1/2' diameter; slightly brighter in the middle. Occasional stellar nucleus."
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13 22 30.9 +21 18 59; Com
V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.8'; PA = 170°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint and
small, round, 30" diameter, very small bright nucleus, smooth halo. A mag 13.4 star is 3' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 885 = Sw. 8-73 on 3 May 1889 and reported "vF; pS; R." His position is accurate to within 1'.
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13 24 51.4 +13 44 16; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 888 = Sw. 8-74 on 3 May 1889 and reported "eeeF; pS; R." There is nothing at Swift's position but exactly 1.0 min of RA west is NGC 5136. Dreyer, of course, assumed it was a new object but Harold Corwin suggests IC 888 = NGC 5136.
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13 29 59.9 +00 18 18; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 0.8'x0.8'
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, round, low
surface brightness. Very weak concentration with an low contrast nucleus. Located 3' SW of mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 891 = J. 2-766 on 8 Jun 1893. He called it "faint, small, round, 30" diameter, with a stellar nucleus of mag 13." His published position was about 1' too far SE.
******************************
13 31 45.9 -02 42 47; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.8'; PA = 19°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; moderately bright, fairly
small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.6'x0.45', strong concentration, small bright
core. A mag 12 star is 2.7' NNE
and a mag 13 star is 3' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 892 = J. 2-767, along with IC 893, on 4 Jul 1893. Both of his positions are 1' too far south, likely due to an error in the position of the offset star.
******************************
IC 893 = UGC 8513 = MCG +00-35-002 = CGCG 017-006 = PGC 47566
13 31 47.4 -02 36 42; Vir
V = 13.9; Size 1.2'x0.25'; PA = 52°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; faint edge-on 4:1 or 5:1 SW-NE, 40" to 45" in length and 10" wide, low even surface brightness. IC 892 lies 6' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 893 = J. 2-768, along with IC 892, on 4 Jul 1893.
******************************
13 32 04.8 +17 02 56; Com
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 79°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated
~5:3 E-W, ~40"x24", small bright core, nearly stellar nucleus. Mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 894 = J. 1-244 on 23 Jun 1892. He noted it as "pretty faint, round, 15" diameter, a little brighter in the center."
******************************
13 42 08.4 +35 39 16; CVn
V = 11.6; Size 2.8'x2.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 10°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 895 = Sw. 8-75 on 1 Sep 1888 and
reported "vF; pL; R; * in center ? D[ouble]." There is nothing near his
position. The closest galaxy he
might have picked up is
When I contacted Corwin about this find, he noticed that the
same 10 minutes of RA correction applied to
******************************
13 34 10.2 +04 52 06; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 29°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint,
elongated 3:2 SW-NE, though occasionally seems 2:1, brighter core,
0.6'x0.4'. Located 9' WSW of mag
7.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 896 = J. 1-245 on 26 Jul 1892. His position is 1' too far southeast. MCG misidentifies MCG +01-35-005, instead of -007, as IC 896.
******************************
13 34 19.5 +17 50 53; Com
V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.15'; PA = 75°
17.5" (5/30/92): extremely faint, very small. I could only glimpse this object for
moments with averted vision but it appeared very elongated 3:1 SW-NE and
extremely thin. Forms a pair with
All modern sources (except for NED) misidentify IC 897 as
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 897 = Big. 180 on 20 May 1890 and noted "Magnitude 13.5; situated from NGC 5217 at a PA of 105, Dist. = 3.5 arcmins." His published position in Comptes Rendus (used by Dreyer in the IC) happens to fall near UGC 8544 = CGCG 102-016 and modern catalogues have taken this galaxy as IC 897. Malcolm Thomson sorted out the correct identification (see "The True Identity of IC 897" in Deep Sky Observer #136) as well as Harold Corwin's identification notes.
******************************
13 34 43.0 +09 20 13; Vir
V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.0'; PA = 28°
24" (5/31/22): fairly faint, moderately large, oval
~3:2 SSW-NNE, ~1.0'x0.65', broad concentration with a slightly brighter middle
that seems elongated along the major axis. A mag 11.9 star is 1' NW. Located 50' NW of spiral galaxy
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 900 = J. 1-247 on 14 May 1892. He noted "faint, round, 30" diameter, gradually condensed." and measured an accurate position.
******************************
13 35 42.4 +13 19 51; Vir
V = 14.5; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 120°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; faint, fairly small,
diffuse, 20" diameter. With
averted vision, though, it sometimes elongated 0.6'x0.4' NW-SE with a very low
surface brightness halo. The
galaxy is in a line with a mag 11.8 star 3' NNW, a mag 13.3 star 3' SSE and a
mag 12 star 5.4' SSE. Also a mag
13.3 star is 1.4' ESE with extremely dim
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 901 = J. 1-248 on 24 May 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 36 01.2 +49 57 39; UMa
V = 13.7; Size 2.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 162°
24" (6/30/19): at 282x; fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on nearly 5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.4'x0.3', small bright core. A mag 10.5 star lies 2' NW and a mag 12.5 star is 1.6' S; the galaxy is parallel to the line connecting these stars.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly moderately bright, very nice edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.25'x0.25', very small brighter core. The galaxy is flanked by a mag 10.5 star 2' NW and a mag 12.6 star 1.6' S of center. Located 2° WNW of mag 1.9 Alkaid, very close to the CVn border.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 902 = Sw. 7-32 on 8 Apr 1888 and recorded "eeF; S; vE; v diff; nearly bet. 2 stars." His position is off the southwest side of the galaxy and his desciption fits.
******************************
13 38 26.1 -00 13 39; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 1.7'x0.65'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 178°
24" (5/24/20): at 225x and 375x; between fairly faint
and moderately bright, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 (with averted), ~1.0'x0.4',
relatively large brighter core that is noticeably elongated, slightly brighter
roundish nucleus. The outer disc
has a low surface brightness. The
nearest brighter star is mag 8.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 903 = J. 2-770 on 13 Apr 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 38 32.2 +00 32 25; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.6'; PA = 127°
24" (5/11/13): moderately bright and large, elongated
2:1 NW-SE, 40"x20", fairly high surface brightness, brighter
nucleus. Brightest in a trio (KTG
47) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 904 = J. 2-761 on 8 Jun 1893 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
******************************
13 40 02.9 +23 08 34; Boo
V = 14.0; Size 0.85'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 141°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, strongly concentrated with a 20"x15" core and a
very low surface brightness halo.
The core has a moderately high surface brightness and increases to a
small brighter nucleus and a stellar pip.
A mag 12.1 star is 2.9' WNW and a mag 13.3 star is 2.5' WSW. First in a group of 7 faint IC galaxies
(WBL 463) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 905 = J. 1-249, along with IC 906, 910, 911, 912, 913 and 914, on 16-17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 906 = MCG +04-32-021 = CGCG 131-020 = PGC 48348
13 40 10.0 +23 20 28; Boo
V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 145°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, very small round nucleus. This galaxy is collinear with a mag 9.7 star 6.4' W and a mag 13.5 star 4.6' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 906 = J. 1-250 on 16 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 39 23.0 +51 03 04; UMa
V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 20°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, nice
edge-on 4:1 SSW-NNE, ~40"x10", slightly brighter core, fairly high
surface brightness. Located 13' NE
of mag 7.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 907 = Sw. 7-33 on 8 Apr 1888 and
reported "eF; pS; R."
There is nothing at his position, but CGCG, UGC and RC3 take
******************************
13 40 51.2 +24 28 24; Boo
V = 13.9; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, small,
round, compact appearance, 20" diameter.
Truman Safford discovered IC 909 = Sf. 28, along with IC
916, on 6 Jun 1866. Although there
was no published description, his position is 2' NW of
******************************
13 41 07.9 +23 16 55; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 120°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated E-W, 20"x15", very small bright nucleus. Located 1.7' SSE of a mag 10.5
star. Third in a group of 7 IC
galaxies (WBL 463) with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 910 = J. 1-251 in a group on 16 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 911 = UGC 8665 NED01 = MCG +04-32-027 = CGCG 131-026 NED01 = Holm 534b = PGC 48448
13 41 25.4 +23 14 51; Boo
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 99°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated E-W, ~20"x16".
Forms a close pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 911 = J. 1-252 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 912 = UGC 8665 NED02 = MCG +04-32-028 = CGCG 131-026 NED02 = Holm 534A = PGC 48449
13 41 28.9 +23 14 44; Boo
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 100°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Forms a close pair with IC 911 0.8' W. Fifth in a group (WBL 463) of 7 IC galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 912 = J. 1-253 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 41 29.7 +23 10 01; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 63°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated 5:4 WSW-ENE, 25"x20", very small bright
nucleus. Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 913 = J. 1-254 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 914 = MCG +04-32-030 = CGCG 131-027 = WBL 463-004 = PGC 48475
13 41 40.6 +23 11 21; Boo
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 165°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, very small brighter core, 25"x20". Forms a pair with IC 913 2.9' SW. 7th in a group (WBL 463) of similar IC galaxies at a redshift based distance of ~440 million l.y.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 914 = J. 1-255 in a group on 17 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 916 = MCG +04-32-031 = CGCG 131-028 = PGC 48564
13 42 38.1 +24 27 54; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, at most 20" diameter. Pretty similar IC 909 lies 24' W.
Truman Safford discovered IC 916 = Sf. 27, along with IC
909, on 6 Jun 1866. His position
is 1' NW of
******************************
13 42 37.8 +55 31 46; UMa
V = 16.0; Size 0.5'x0.2'; PA = 102°
48" (5/9/18): fairly faint, edge-on 5:1 WNW-ESE,
~0.5'x0.1', even surface brightness.
This is a relatively large member of
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 918 around June 1892 with the
36" Lick refractor. Burnham
originally noticed a group of small and faint nebulae and Barnard estimated the
positions (given in AN 2998) adding several discoveries (not specified),
bringing the total to 18. Harold
Corwin suggests IC 918 may be LEDA 2505734 (4' SSW of Barnard's position and
forming a pair with
Edwin Hubble found LEDA 2505734 from a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was catalogued as #36 in Field IV, which included the IC 919 cluster. Francis Pease also recorded it on plates taken with the 60-inch at Mt Wilson in 1919 and reported it in his 1920 publication as "B, 20"x8", p.a. 100°, gradually brighter in the middle."
******************************
IC 919 = CGCG 271-059 = CGCG 272-004 = PGC 48570
13 42 47.5 +55 31 17; UMa
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 25°
48" (5 /9/18): bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~18" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Forms a very close pair with LEDA 2505000 = 2MASX J13424588+5531077, just 18" SW. The companion was very faint, extremely small, round ~6" diameter. IC 918 = LEDA 2505332 is 1.5' WNW.
The close pair are on the southwest side of AGC 1783 in a group of 18 ICs discovered visually with the 36" Lick refractor, though lie in the foreground at 460 million l.y.
24" (6/21/20): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, low even surface brightness.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 919 around June 1892 with the
36" Lick refractor. Burnham
originally noticed a group of small and faint nebulae and Barnard estimated the
positions (given in AN 2998) adding several discoveries (not specified),
bringing the total to 18. IC 919
is the only object Barnard described as "considerably bright", all
others are "faint" or "very faint". Harold Corwin suggests IC 919 may be
CGCG 271-059 = PGC 48570 (4' due south of Barnard's position), although
Wolfgang Steinicke identifies IC 919 as
******************************
13 43 08.0 +55 39 04; UMa
V = 16.5; Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 103°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, round, 12"
diameter, even surface brightness.
This member of AGC 1783 is situated 2.6' WNW of mag 9.9
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 921 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke
identify IC 921 with
******************************
13 42 56.4 +55 36 14; UMa
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 120°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly bright, fairly small, round,
~20" diameter, gradually increases to the center. This galaxy is one of the brighter
members of AGC 1783 at a light-travel age of ~920 million years.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 922 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 922 with
LEDA 2507977, situated 18 seconds of RA west (2.6' W) of Barnard's position. This is the brightest galaxy in the
immediate area. But Francis Pease,
in his 1920 publication on nebulae found on Mt. Wilson 60-inch plates, as well
as Wolfgang Steinicke, identified IC 922 with
Edwin Hubble catalogued this galaxy based on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#40), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation. The field was mentioned by William Denning in his book "Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings": Mr. Barnard recently stated that with the powers of the great 36 inch refractor the number of known nebulae (more than 8000) might readily be doubled! As an example of their plentiful distribution in certain regions it may be mentioned that Mr. Burnham very recently discovered eighteen new nebulae in a small area of 16' by 5'.5 near the position in R.A. 13h 38m, Dec. +56° 20'. Near the pole of the northern heavens there exist many unrecorded nebulae, as this region does not appear to have been thoroughly examined with a large instrument.
******************************
IC 923 = LEDA 3483133 = 2MASX J13431420+5536113
13 43 14.2 +55 36 11; UMa
V = 15.6; Size 0.4'x0.4'
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint to moderately bright,
small, round, 15" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. This member of AGC 1783 is located 2.6'
SW of mag 10.0 HD 238276.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 923 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 923 with
LEDA 3483133, situated 1' SSW of Barnard's position. Wolfgang Steinicke identifies LEDA 3483133 as IC 922 and
labels
******************************
IC 925 = LEDA 2508355 = 2MASX J13431609+5536563
13 43 16.1 +55 36 57; UMa
V = 16.4; Size 0.5'x0.1'; PA = 106°
48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, thin edge-on
~20"x5", low surface brightness. Located 1.9' SW of mag 10.0 HD 238276 in AGC 1783. 2MASX J13431420+5536113 (= IC 923?)
lies 0.8' SSW and IC 922 is 2.9' WSW.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 925 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 925 with
LEDA 2508355, situated 1.1' NW of Barnard's position. Wolfgang Steinicke identifies
Edwin Hubble catalogued LEDA 2508355 on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#44), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation. Based on plates taken with the Mt. Wilson 60-inch in 1919, Pease described it as "MB, 20" x 5", p.a. 100°, spindle, gradually brighter in the middle."
******************************
13 43 39.3 +55 37 53; UMa
V = 16.7; Size 0.3'x0.1'; PA = 94°
48" (5 /9/18): faint, small, round, ~8"
diameter. Situated in a clump of 7
galaxies in the core of AGC 1783 with
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 926 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke
identify IC 926 with 2MASX J13433923+5537534, situated 1.4' SE of Barnard's
position. There are a number of
other nearby galaxies, but they are further east and assuming Barnard's RA
order is correct, this identification is very reasonable, though not certain.
In fact this galaxy is only 45" NW of Barnard's position for
******************************
IC 928 = LEDA 2506714 = 2MASX J13434806+5534044
13 43 48.0 +55 34 04; UMa
V = 16.6; Size 0.3'x0.2'
48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, low surface brightness. This member of AGC 1783 is situated 2.2' E of a mag 10.9 star and less than 5' S of the core of the cluster.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 928 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 928 with
******************************
IC 929 = LEDA 2509027 = 2MASX J13434501+5538014
13 43 45.0 +55 38 02; UMa
V = 15.3; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 0°
48" (5 /9/18): moderately bright, small, round,
15" diameter, stellar nucleus.
LEDA 2506714 (assigned to IC 928 by Harold Corwin) is the brightest of 7
galaxies in the core of AGC 1783.
IC 926 is 50" W,
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 929 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 929 with LEDA 2509027, situated 1.2' SSE of Barnard's position. Steinicke identifies 2MASXJ13434549+5538474 (only 30" SE of Barnard's position) as IC 929, but Corwin labels this galaxy as IC 930! Due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identifications are uncertain. See IC 917 for more.
Edwin Hubble catalogued LEDA 2509027 on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#48), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation. The group was also photographed with the Mt Wilson 60" in 1919 and Francis Pease identified LEDA 2509027 as IC 931 in his 1920 paper. Barnard's position for IC 931 is 1' to the SE. So, quite a confusing mess of identifications!
******************************
IC 930 = LEDA 3483172 = 2MASX J13434549+5538474
13 43 45.5 +55 38 47; UMa
V = 16.4; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 99°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, round,
12"-15" diameter, even surface brightness. Located in the core of AGC 1783 with 6 other members with a
1.5' radius!! The closest two are
LEDA 2509027 (= IC 929?) 45" S and
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 930 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Harold Corwin identifies IC 930 with
LEDA 2509027, situated 2.0' S of Barnard's position. Steinicke identifies 2MASX
J13435235+5539243 as IC 930, but Corwin labels this galaxy as
Edwin Hubble catalogued
******************************
IC 931 = LEDA 2508641 = 2MASX J13434914+5537264
13 43 49.2 +55 37 26; UMa
V = 16.8; Size 0.2'x0.1'; PA = 63°
48" (5 /9/18): faint, extremely small, round,
6"-8" diameter. Located
in the core of AGC 1783 2.5' WSW of mag 7.2
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 931 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 931
with
******************************
13 43 51.2 +55 38 48; UMa
Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 63°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 12"x8". Located in the core of AGC 1783 with 2MASX J13434549+5538474 (= IC 930?) 0.8' W and 2MASX J13435235+5539243 (= IC 934?) 0.6' N. Situated just 2.2' WNW of mag 7.2 HD 119821, which affected the observation.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 932 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 932 with LEDA 2509480, which is located only 40" NNE of Barnard's position. Although this identification appears secure at first glance, due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identification is still uncertain (may be a positional coincidence). See IC 917 for more.
Edwin Hubble catalogued LEDA 2509480 on a plate taken with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector while working on his 1917 PhD thesis "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae" (published in 1920). It was found in his Field IV of nebulae (#53), which included the IC 919 cluster. Hubble didn't assign or suggest an IC designation.
******************************
13 45 16.2 +23 13 08; Boo
V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 152°
14.5" (7/11/21): at 182x and 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~5:4, at most 40" diameter, very small (round) brighter core. A faint star is superimposed close to the N edge. Bracketed by a mag 9.8 star 5' WSW (part of a wide triple) and a wide pair of mag 11.7/12 stars 5' NNE.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 933 = J. 1-257 on 22 May
1878. His uncorrected position was
3.5' too far ESE, nearly identical to the next object observed (
Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 933 on 16 Jun 1892 and reported it in his first discovery paper (#257). He was credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
13 43 52.4 +55 39 25; UMa
V = 16.7; Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 174°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, small, round, 10" diameter. Located in the core of AGC 1783 just 2.3' NW of mag 7.2 HD 119821, which is a distraction. Pretty similar IC 932 is 38" S and IC 930 is 1.2' SW.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 934 in a
group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin identifies IC 934 with 2MASX
J13435235+5539243, which is located 2.6' NW of Barnard's position -- a large
discrepancy. Steinicke chooses
******************************
13 44 02.9 +55 38 59; UMa
Size 0.4'x0.1'; PA = 84°
48" (5 /9/18): very faint, very small, round, ~8" diameter. Can almost hold continuously with averted vision once noticed. The problem is this galaxy is situated just under 1' NW of mag 7.2 HD 119821, which strongly hinders viewing. A tight group of 7 galaxies in the core of AGC 1783 is just a couple of arcminutes west. Two mag 12.5 and 11.6 stars are collinear with the bright star, 0.9' E and 1.7' E.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 935 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin identifies IC 935 with SDSS J134402.89+553859.0, which is located 2.8' N of Barnard's position and just 1' NW of mag 7.25 HD 119821! The bright star is not mentioned in Barnard's description, which is odd as it affected the view using the 48-inch. Steinicke labels SDSS J134402.89+553859.0 as IC 934 = IC 936 and identifies IC 935 as a star. In any case, due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identifications are very uncertain and just intelligent guesswork. See IC 917 for more.
******************************
13 44 08.6 +55 42 22; UMa
V = 16.7; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 93°
48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 E-W, ~12"x8", even surface brightness. Located 4.3' N of mag 7.2 HD 119821 in AGC 1783. A mag 14.5 star is 1.5' W.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 936 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin identifies IC 935 with LEDA 2511548, which is located 5' N of Barnard's position, so a poor positional match. Steinicke labels SDSS J134402.89+553859.0 as IC 934 = IC 936. In any case, due to Barnard's imprecise positions and the close separations of the galaxies, the identifications are very uncertain and just intelligent guesswork. See IC 917 for more.
Edwin Hubble catalogued
******************************
13 44 28.9 +55 37 49; UMa
V = 17.3; Size 0.4'x0.4'
48" (5 /9/18): faint to fairly faint, small, round,
12"-15" diameter. Forms
a close pair with
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 937 along with IC 938 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 937 with 2MASX J13442896+5537482, which is located just 1' S of Barnard's position. See IC 917 for more.
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IC 938 = LEDA 3483228 = 2MASX J13443120+5537382
13 44 31.3 +55 37 39; UMa
V = 15.9; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 156°
48" (5 /9/18): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 0.3'x0.1', small bright core. Forms a close pair with IC 937 just 0.4' NW in the core of AGC 1783.
E.E. Barnard and Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 938 along
with IC 937 in a group around June 1892 with the 36" Lick refractor. Corwin and Steinicke identify IC 938
with
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13 47 43.1 +03 24 41; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x1.0'
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; pretty bright, round,
45" diameter, small brighter core.
Forms a pair with much fainter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 939 = J. 1-258, along with IC 940, on 3 Jun 1891.
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IC 940 = CGCG 045-104 = WBL 468-003 = PGC 48933
13 47 57.7 +03 26 59; Vir
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 123°
24" (5/25/22): at 225x; extremely faint, roundish, very small, ~0.3' diameter. With averted appears elongated NW-SE, 0.3'x0.2'. Forms a pair with much brighter IC 939 4' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 940 = J. 1-259, along with IC 939, on 3 Jun 1891.
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13 47 41.1 +56 37 18; UMa
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.65'; PA = 96°
24" (5/24/20): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, ~25"x20", broad weak concentration. Forms the southern vertex of a triangle with an isosceles triangle with a mag 11 star 6' NNE and a mag 10.7 star 7' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 942 = Sw. 7-34 on 17 Apr 1888 and
reported "eF; pS; R."
His position is accurate.
Catalogued as
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13 51 30.9 +14 05 32; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 1.6'x0.5'; PA = 107°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, ~1.2'x0.4', well concentrated with a
relatively large brighter core (oval).
The halo is very faint and sometimes needed averted for the full
extent. Forms a 1.2' pair (NNE)
with
William Herschel made the original discovery of IC 944 and
Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 944 = Sw. 7-36 = Sw. 8-76, along with IC 946 and 948, on 7 Apr 1888. He reported, "very faint; considerably elongated; pretty small; 3 bright stars near following." Swift found the trio again a year later on 20 Apr 1889 and included them in his 8th discovery list (#76, #77, #78). Dreyer combined his two observations into IC 944.
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13 47 07.8 +72 04 13; UMi
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 118°
24" (6/30/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, ~40"x30", broad concentration but no
distinct nucleus. A mag 15.5-15.8
star is close off the S end, 30" from center.
CGCG 336-019 appeared faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20", diffuse, low and nearly even surface brightness. A mag 14.4 star is 1.5' N.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, ~30" diameter, broad weak concentration to a slightly brighter core.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 945 = Sw. 7-35 on 7 Jun 1888 and reported "eeeF; S; R; coarse D * nf points to it; np of 2 [with IC 954]" His position is just off the north edge of CGCG 336-019 = PGC 48940, which is identified as IC 945 in the CGCG and PGC. But Harold Corwin proposes IC 945 is more likely CGCG 336-018 = PGC 48867, a much brighter galaxy 3' WNW of his position. My observation confirms it appears significantly more prominent in the eyepiece.
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IC 946 = UGC 8772 = MCG +02-35-021 = CGCG 073-089 = WBL 470-004 = PGC 49244
13 52 08.4 +14 06 58; Boo
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 105°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint or moderately
bright, fairly small, 30" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Located 6' NNE of mag 8.1
William Herschel made the original discovery of IC 946 and IC 946 on 19 Mar 1787 (sweep 720) and recorded "Suspected, very faint, very small, but doubtful." His derived position was 1.5' too far south and the identity is certain. But due to his doubt the pair wasn't catalogued.
Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 946 = Sw. 7-37 = Sw. 8-77, along with IC 944 and 948, on 7 Apr 1888. He reported, "extremely failnt; very small; round; ; vS; R; p close * following." Swift found the trio again a year later on 20 Apr 1889 and included them in his 8th discovery list (#76, #77, #78). Dreyer combined the two observations into IC 946.
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13 52 35.9 +00 49 06; Vir
V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 63°
24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; easily visible though
situated just 45" SW of mag 8.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 947 = J. 2-774 on 8 Jun 1893. His description ("pB, 15" diameter, R, suddenly brighter in the middle to a nucleus = 12m") makes no mention of the attached bright star, though it was used as the offset star.
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IC 948 = UGC 8779 = MCG +02-35-023 = CGCG 073-092 = WBL 470-007 = PGC 49281
13 52 26.7 +14 05 29; Boo
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.65'; PA = 151°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint or moderately bright, oval 3:2 or 5:3 NW-SE, 40"x24", strong sharp concentration with a small bright core and stellar nucleus, the halo is faint. Member of the WBL 470 group with IC 946 4.7' WNW. A mag 8.1 star is 8' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 948 = Sw. 7-38 = Sw. 8-78 on 7 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; S; R; 3 others suspected." He found the trio again a year later and reported them as new in his 8th discovery list. Althugh William Herschel made an observation of IC 944 and 946 (uncatalogued) he missed IC 948 as it was probably just outside his field of view in the sweep.
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13 52 26.2 +14 29 23; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'
24" (6/30/22): at 375x; this nearly merged pair (separation 19" between centers) was resolved. The much brighter galaxy on the NE side was fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Barely off its SW end was a very faint glow ~10" diameter, though sometimes the duo appeared contiguous. The IC 950 pair forms a right angle with a mag 12 star 1' E and a mag 12.5 star 1' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 950 = J. 1-262 on 24 May 1892. This is a double system, so either it appeared unresolved to Javelle or he only noticed the brighter, eastern galaxy.
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13 51 47.2 +50 58 42; UMa
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6
24" (6/30/19): at 200x; moderately bright and moderately large, irregularly round, 50" diameter, slightly brighter core, hint of spiral structure in halo. At 322x, the brighter core/nucleus was more evident and the halo displayed slightly more structure but no clear spiral arms.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, moderately large,
irregularly round, at least 45" diameter, very weak concentration. Chameleon-like appearance; shifts shape
with averted vision and sometimes slightly brighter regions appear, like arcs
of spiral arms. Located 10' S of
mag 8.7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 951 = Sw. 7-40 on 6 May 1888 and
recorded "eeF; pS; R; coarse D[ouble] * nr sp." His position is 2.5' SSE of
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13 53 41.9 +03 22 39; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 93°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; faint, very elongated ~3:1 E-W, 0.9'x0.3', low nearly even surface brightness, dims at tips. A faint mag 15 star near the east end on the south side. Two mag 13 stars, 1' NNW and 2.5' NNW, are aligned with the center of the galaxy, and another mag 13 star is 2.7' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 952 = J. 1-263 on 3 Jun 1891. His description matches ("faint, elongated in the direction of diurnal motion [E-W]. We see a small star in the nebulosity, very close to the edge"), though his declination was 1.5' too far south.
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13 49 56.9 +71 09 52; UMi
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.6'; PA = 91°
24" (6/30/19): at 322x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, small brighter core, ~0.5'x0.4'. A mag 15.7 star is 0.7' NE.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; at least fairly faint and nearly
moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, strong concentration with
a small bright core that increases to the center. Located 1° E of mag 5.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 954 = Sw. 7-39 on 7 Jun 1888 and reported "eeF; S; R; B * f little south; sf of 2 [with IC 945]." His position is relatively accurate - 0.9' too far north.
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13 55 38.8 +04 59 05; Vir
V = 13.3; Size 2.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 70°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift discovered IC 958 = Sw. 9-39 on 19 Apr 1890 and
reported "eeeF; pS; iR; seen only by glimpses." His position is 3.5' NE of NGC 5360 and
this is the favored identification by Harold Corwin. But there are two question marks about this identification;
there is no mention of brighter
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13 56 03.4 +13 30 21; Boo
V = 13.4; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 0°
24" (6/30/19): at 375x; moderately bright and large,
elongated 3:2 N-S, 45"x30", small bright core. A mag 12.4 star is 3.3' E and a 1' pair
of mag 11/12.3 stars is 4.5' NE.
Located 33' S of mag 6.2
Lewis Swift discovered IC 959 = Sw. 8-79 on 20 Apr 1889 and
reported "eeF; S; R."
His position was just off the northeast edge of
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13 55 59.6 +17 30 21; Boo
Size 1.5'x0.8'
24" (7/1/16): at 375x; IC 960 = VV 335 is an
interacting pair with a separation of 0.8' SSW-NNE. The brighter NNE component (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 960 = J. 1-265 on 17 Jun 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He noted "faint, diffuse, rather extended with a little bit of condensation." According to Harold Corwin, his recomputed position corresponds with the northern (brighter) nucleus.
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13 57 13.2 +12 01 17; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7
24" (5/11/13): fairly bright, fairly small, round,
24", small bright nucleus, high surface brightness. First in the
Lewis Swift discovered IC 962 = Sw. 8-80 on 7 Apr 1889 and logged "pF, vS, R, bM." He apparently missed the two fainter galaxies just south.
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IC 964 = MCG +03-36-010 = CGCG 103-024 = Ark 433 = WBL 480-002 = PGC 49661
13 57 41.3 +17 30 31; Boo
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (7/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, 20" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. Brighter of a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 964 = J. 1-268, along with IC 965, on 23 Jun 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He noted "extremely faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, uniformly faint." His position is accurate.
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IC 965 = MCG +03-36-011 = CGCG 103-026 = WBL 480-003 = PGC 49667
13 57 47.5 +17 30 38; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 64°
24" (7/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, high surface brightness, 12"-15" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Forms a pair with IC 964 1.5' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 965 = J. 1-269, along with IC 964, on 23 Jun 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He noted "very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, with a very small nucleus." His position is accurate.
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13 58 14.0 +05 24 30; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.75'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 155°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly
elongated, 30" diameter, fairly even surface brightness with very slightly
brighter core. A mag 15 star is 1'
N and a mag 12 star is 2' N. UGC
8906 lies 19' ENE. IC 966 is
located 33' ENE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 966 = J. 2-775 on 5 Jun 1893. His position is just off the south edge of the galaxy.
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14 00 37.2 -02 54 27; Vir
V = 14.7/15.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'
48" (5/16/12): this pair is at the south end of a chain
of 6 galaxies with dominant member
18" (6/30/11): this small double system lies 3' S of NGC 5400, a cD galaxy in the center of the poor group MKW 5. At 285x appeared as a very faint, very small pair oriented SW-NE, each ~10" diameter and virtually tangent. The NE component appeared slightly brighter. A mag 11 star lies 3.2' WSW.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 968 = Big. 181 on 6 May 1888. His position is off by 2' in declination due to an error in the position of the offset star. Harold Corwin notes that Bigourdan has two measurements and his position is closer to the brighter member of the pair.
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14 02 34.2 +14 33 09; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.35'; PA = 53°
24" (6/30/19): at 375x; relatively bright, edge-on 5:1 SW-NE, ~0.9'x0.2', sharply concentrated with a strong bright core. A linear, equally spaced trio of stars (two of 12th mag) lies ~3' E.
IC 970 forms a close pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 970 = J. 1-271 on 24 May
1892. His position is 1' too far
south and actually lands on CGCG 103-048, a fainter companion 1.1' SSE. Either he made a 1' clerical error in
recording the dec offset or perhaps measured the position of the southern
companion? But I don't see how he
could have missed the much brighter northern galaxy (
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14 03 52.8 -10 08 26; Vir
V = 12.8; Size 2.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.8
24" (6/15/15): at 260x; moderately bright and large,
slightly elongated ~N-S, broad weak concentration. Brightest in a group including
MCG -02-36-011 appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.6'x0.5' [core region], small bright nucleus. Occasionally extremely faint extensions were seen north and south.
Truman Safford discovered IC 971 = Sf. 105 on 20 May 1868 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. In a note in 1905 "Ein schoner Spiralnebel" ("A Beautiful Spiral Nebula"), Max Wolf described IC 971 as a "rare pure S-shape spiral with a mag 14 core." (AN 168, 75). It was also recorded on an Arequipa plate taken in 1899 and described by DeLisle Stewart as "very faint, very small, 2-branch spiral."
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14 04 25.9 -17 13 41; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 43"x40"
48" (5/1/22): at 375x with a NPB filter; bright, round, even surface brightness, 40" diameter. Removing the filter, the faint central star (V ~16.5) was visible.
18" (6/11/07): picked up unfiltered at 115x as a fairly small, round disc of ~40" diameter with no additional structure. Good contrast gain with the OIII filter and appears as a moderately bright, crisp-edged disc with an even surface brightness.
17.5" (5/11/96): faint but easily picked up at 100x
without filter as a moderately large, round disc less than 1' diameter. Nicely enhanced with OIII filter and
appears moderately bright, crisp-edged and slightly elongated N-S,
45"x40". Also nice view
at 100x with UHC filter. Located
6.7' S of mag 9.4
13.1" (4/10/86): at 79x and OIII filter appears fairly faint, fairly small, round, with an even surface brightness and sharp edges. Faint but visible without filter. Easily takes 166x with a UHC filter. No central star seen with or without a filter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 972 = J. 1-272 on 25 May 1892 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory. Although the IC position is accurate, Abell assumed it was new and included it as #37 in his list of new planetary nebulae found by inspection of the POSS. So, IC 972 = Abell 37.
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14 08 43.3 -01 09 42; Vir
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.6'; PA = 174°
24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20", sharply concentrated with a bright, very
small nucleus and stellar peak.
Located 11' SE of mag 8.0
Lewis Swift discovered IC 976 = Sw. 7-41 on 12 Apr 1888 and
reported "eF; vS; R; eF * attached s[outh]." His position is 1.4' NW of the center
of
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14 09 32.4 +14 49 55; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.65'; PA = 172°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small,
oval 3:2 N-S, 0.6'x0.4', brighter core increases a little to the center. A mag 11.6 star is 2' NE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 979 = Sw. 10-25 on 3 May 1891 and reported "eeF; pS; R; e diff." His RA is 15 seconds of time too small. There are a couple of other galaxies in the vicinity, but they are fainter so less likely to have been picked up by Swift.
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14 09 59.1 +17 41 46; Boo
V = 13.0; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9
18" (5/3/08): fairly faint, fairly small, round, weak
concentration, 35" diameter. Forms the SW member of an Arp pair with IC
983 2.5' NNE. Located 2.7' SW of a
mag 9 star that detracts from viewing.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 982 = J. 1-274, along with IC 983, on 27 May 1891.
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14 10 04.3 +17 44 01; Boo
V = 11.7; Size 5.4'x4.7'; Surf Br = 15.1; PA = 120°
18" (5/3/08): moderately bright but fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, ~25"x20", weak concentration to a very
faint stellar nucleus. Located
1.5' NW of mag 9
17.5" (5/23/98): not seen initially as I was looking
for a large object, but at 280x I picked up a small 20" glow just 1.5' NW
of mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 983 = J. 1-275, along with IC 982, on 27 May 1891 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory.
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14 10 07.7 +18 21 53; Boo
V = 13.6; Size 1.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35°
17.5" (6/2/00): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 1.0'x0.3', smooth surface brightness. Located 1.5° SE of Arcturus!
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 984 = J. 1-276 on 27 May
1891. CGCG misidentified
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14 11 26.2 +01 17 11; Vir
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7
17.5" (5/11/02): faint, very small, round, 0.4'
diameter, compact appearance. Located 4.7' SSW of mag 6.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 986 = J. 2-781 on 8 Jun 1893.
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14 14 32.1 +03 11 25; Vir
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 41°
24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint,
small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 20"x15". A pair of mag 14.6/14.8 stars lie 1.3' N and a mag 14.9 star
is 1' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 988 = J. 1-277, along with IC 989, on 28 May 1891. His position is accurate.
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IC 989 = UGC 9114 = MCG +01-36-027 = CGCG 046-072 = WBL 496-003 = PGC 50891
14 14 51.3 +03 07 51; Vir
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5
24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, roundish, 0.6' diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 12' S of mag 6.4 HD 124681 and 7' W of STF 1819 (7.7/7.9 at 0.9"). Brightest in a group (WBL 496) with IC 988 6' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 989 = J. 1-278, along with IC 988, on 28 May 1891. His position is accurate.
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14 18 18.6 +11 12 59; Boo
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; very faint and small, round, 15" diameter, diffuse with no nucleus. A mag 15.3 star is 35" W. At 375x I classified the galaxy as "extremely faint", but decreasing to 327x it was easier and I modified to "very faint".
IC 993 forms a close pair with brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 993 = J. 1-281, along with IC 994, on 27 May 1891. His position off by 3' (too far NW), an unusually large error. His measured difference in IC 993 and 994 is correct (4 seconds), so this identification is still secure.
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IC 994 = UGC 9153 = MCG +02-36-064 = CGCG 074-161 = CGCG 075-002 = Holm 626A = PGC 51095
14 18 22.6 +11 11 42; Boo
V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 13°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 N-S, ~40"x20", moderate surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is 0.7' E of center and a pair of mag 14 stars is 3' E. Forms a pair with fainter IC 993 1.6' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 994 = J. 1-282, along with IC 993, on 27 May 1891. His RA is about 10 seconds of time too large.
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14 16 31.1 +57 48 36; UMa
V = 14.2; Size 1.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 147°
24" (7/1/19): at 200x and 260x; fairly faint, fairly
small, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, 50"x12", contains a brighter
elongated core. Forms a similar
pair with edge-on
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, elongated
3:1 NW-SE, 45"x15", brighter elongated core with a faint outer
disc. IC 996, another edge-on with
a similar position angle, lies 13' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 995 = Sw. 7-42 on 2 Jul 1888 and logged "eeF; S; lE; e diff. in vacancy; np of 2 [with IC 996]. His position is accurate.
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IC 996 = UGC 9152 = MCG +10-20-092 = CGCG 295-043 = KUG 1415+578 = PGC 51036
14 17 22.1 +57 37 47; UMa
V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x0.2'; PA = 155°
24" (7/1/19): at 200x and 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, very thin edge-on at least 6:1 NW-SE, 50"x8", only a slightly brighter elongated core. Forms a similar pair with edge-on IC 995 13' NW. Situated on a line with a mag 12 star 2' N and a mag 10.5 star 3.7' S.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; nearly fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on 6:1 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.15', fairly low even surface brightness. A mag 10.6 star is 3.7' S and a mag 12.4 star is 2' N. In a small group with IC 995 13' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 996 = Sw. 7-43 on 3 Jul 1888 and reported "eeeF; S; vE; eee diff.; sf of 2 [with IC 995].
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14 19 59.3 -04 27 05; Vir
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 23°
18" (6/18/04): moderately bright, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 or 5:3 ~N-S. Contains a small, brighter, roundish core and the
extensions are a much lower surface brightness. A mag 14 star is just 0.8' N of center. A striking
equilateral triangle of mag 11-12 stars is close northeast with the nearest
star 1' N of center. IC 997 is an
(unresolved) interacting pair with companion
Lewis Swift discovered IC 997 = Sw. 10A-4 = Sw. 11-168, along with IC 998, on 16 May 1892. His description reads, "vF; S; R; * with distant companion near north; p of 2 [with IC 998]." Swift reobserved it again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and reported it as new in his 11th discovery list with a slightly modified position, possibly to make sure Dreyer didn't miss this discovery.
Malcolm Thomson argues that IC 997 is identical to IC 4401 =
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14 20 19.3 -04 24 59; Vir
Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 60°
18" (6/18/04): faint, very small, round. The view is a bit confused by a very faint star which is close south (~20") so these objects could initially appear to be a faint, close double. The galaxy appeared only 10" or so in diameter. Barely visible with direct vision though only a faint stellar nucleus remained. Faintest of trio with IC 997 and IC 4401 and situated 5' ENE of IC 997.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 998 = Sw. 10A-5 = Sw. 11-169, along with IC 997, on 16 May 1892 (last two months at the Warner Observatory) and recorded "eeF; S; R; following of 2 [with IC 997]." This galaxy is the faintest of a quartet, but Swift's offset from IC 997 points directly to this galaxy. Swift reobserved it again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and reported it as new in his 11th discovery list, probably to make sure Dreyer didn't miss this discovery. Herbert Howe took LEDA 1058483 as IC 998 when he observed the field carefully around 1900 and also discovered IC 4401. But Malcolm Thomson argues against this identification. See his detailed analysis in IC identifications. Also see Corwin's comments on IC 997/998.
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14 19 32.7 +17 52 31; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 144°
24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and
moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 35"x15",
slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a
similar pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 999 = J. 1-283, along with IC 1000, on 23 Jun 1892. His position is off the east side of the galaxy (same error as IC 1000; likely due to an imprecise position for his offset star).
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IC 1000 = UGC 9170 = MCG +03-37-003 = CGCG 104-004 = PGC 51201
14 19 40.3 +17 51 17; Boo
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 23°
24" (7/1/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 35"x12", slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a similar pair with IC 999 2.2' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1000 = J. 1-284, along with IC 999, on 23 Jun 1892. His position is off the east side of the galaxy.
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14 19 26.7 +71 35 17; UMi
V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8
17.5" (7/10/99): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.8' diameter, gradually increases to a small bright core and stellar nucleus at moments with concentration. The galaxy is bracketed by two mag 13-14 stars 2.8' WSW and 2.2' ENE.
Lewis Swift found IC 1005 = Sw. 7-44 on 7 Jun 1888 and
reported "F; S; R; BM."
There is nothing at his position but ~1.0 min of RA east is
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14 22 59.1 +23 47 40; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.65'; PA = 99°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly elongated E-W, ~0.5'x0.4', low even surface brightness. A 33" pair of mag 10.3/11.9 stars is 8' ESE.
Truman Safford discovered IC 1006 = Sf. 15 on 14 May 1866. His position is 1.3' west of center and the identification is certain.
******************************
14 23 42.7 +28 20 48; Boo
Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (5/31/22):
Truman Safford discovered IC 1008 = Sf. 5 on 4 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin identifies IC 1008 as a duplicate of IC 4414, situated nearly 1.4 minutes of RA west of Safford's position. This large of an error in RA is not unusual in his lists (see IC 200, 1030 and 1026).
Malcolm Thomson suggests that
******************************
14 27 20.4 +01 01 33; Vir
V = 13.4; Size 1.8'x1.6'
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, oval 3:2 or 5:3,
at least 0.8' diameter. The
brightest part is a broad "bar" oriented N-S (checking later it is a
barred spiral). A mag 11 star is
2.4' E and two mag 14/16 stars are ~2.7' SW. Located 8.5' SE of mag 8.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1010 = J. 2-783, along with IC 1011, on 8 Jun 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 1011 = MCG +00-37-008 = CGCG 019-036 = Ark 451 = PGC 51662
14 28 04.5 +01 00 23; Vir
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 114°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~20"-24" diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter nucleus. Forms a pair (same redshift) with IC 1010 11' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1011 = J. 2-784, along with IC 1010, on 8 Jun 1893. His position is accurate.
z = .026 --> Hubble Flow distance ~370 million l.y. (same as IC 1010)
******************************
14 27 09.5 +30 56 54; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 112°
24" (5/31/22): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated
~E-W, 30" diameter, low even surface brightness.
Truman Safford discovered IC 1012 = Sf. 8 on 9 May 1866. He gave no description and his position
is 2' too far NNE, but since there are no other nearby galaxies the
identification is secure. But his
position was perhaps far enough off that when Javelle found it again 30 years
later (9 Jul 1896) he and Dreyer assumed it was new and it acquired the second
identification
******************************
14 27 50.8 +25 50 17; Boo
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 96°
17.5" (5/11/96): very faint, fairly small, round, very
weak concentration, 40" diameter.
Located 5.8' WSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1013 = J. 1-291, along with
IC 1017, on 16 Jun 1892. His
published offsets match
******************************
14 28 18.4 +13 46 49; Boo
V = 12.5; Size 2.7'x2.0'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 90°
17.5" (6/8/02): very faint, fairly large, slightly elongated ~E-W, perhaps 2.5'x2.0'. Appears a diffuse, ill-defined glow with a weak central brightening. The halo appears to fade into the background, so difficult to judge extent.
Truman Safford discovered IC 1014 = Sf. 78 on 27 Apr 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and noted "F, pL, R, very gradually brighter middle." His position is accurate.
******************************
14 28 19.2 +15 25 12; Boo
Size 0.7'x0.4'
24" (6/28/22): at 375x; initially seen a single, though somewhat irregular elongated glow. The brightest part is at the NE end (two merged galaxies), which often stood out. The third SW member was faint and occasionally seeemed detached.
48" (5/16/12): fairly small, irregular glow with several components extending ~0.7' SW-NE. The southwest component was faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE. The two northeast components were connected as a fairly faint, small glow, elongated SW-NE. The east member had a quasi-stellar core.
Fritz Zwicky described this object as an "Interconnected post-eruptive blue pair of galaxies with several knots and jets."
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1015 = J. 292 on 28 Jun 1892 . He noted "very faint, irregularly extended, without condensation" and measured an accurate position."
******************************
14 27 32.4 +04 49 18; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1016 = Sw. 10-26 on 28 Apr 1891
and reported "vF; vS; R; f[ollowing] of [NGC] 5619." There is nothing at his position, but
1.3 minutes of RA west is IC 4424, found by Bigourdan on 23 May 1892. Bigourdan measured an accurate
position, so his designation is used in most modern sources and IC 1016 has
been discarded, although it should be the primary one. RNGC calls this galaxy
******************************
IC 1017 = UGC 9276 = MCG +04-34-032 = CGCG 133-062 = AWM 3-2 = PGC 51668
14 28 07.2 +25 52 08; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 128°
17.5" (5/11/96): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 45"x25", bright core. A mag 12 star is 1.1' WSW. This galaxy is located 2.4' NW of NGC 5629 and is the second brightest in a group of 5 galaxies in field including IC 1013 4' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1017 = J. I-293, along with
IC 1013, on 16 Jun 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice
Observatory. His position matches
******************************
14 28 13.5 +25 56 51; Boo
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.5'
17.5" (5/11/96): faint, small, round, 20" diameter. A mag 13 star lies 25" W of center. Located 6.0' N of NGC 5629 and 9' NW of a mag 7 star within a small group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1019 = J. 1-295 on 28 Jul 1892.
******************************
14 28 49.5 +26 01 56; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 176°
17.5" (5/11/96): faint, small, elongated 2:1 N-S, very small bright core. A mag 13 star lies 0.9' NW of center. Located 13' NE of NGC 5629 and last of 5 in field.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1020 = J. 1-296 on 28 Jul 1892.
******************************
14 29 17.1 +20 39 16; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 129°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated ~N-S (though shifts major axis with averted), fairly even surface
brightness with a broad mild concentration and slightly brighter center. Forms
the eastern vertex of triangle with a mag 11.8 star 5.6' WNW and a similar mag
11.6 star 4.8' S. Located 8' SSE
of mag 7.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1021 = J.1-297 on 11 Jun 1891. He called it "faint, small, irregularly round, without condensation." and measured an accurate position.
******************************
14 30 01.9 +03 46 18; Vir
V = 14.4; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 161°
24" (6/29/22): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1
NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.3', small brighter core.
A mag 11.7 star is just 1.0' N of center and a mag 12.7 star is 2'
SSE. IC 1022 is situated 17' ENE
of mag 6.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1022 = J. 1-298 on 19 Jul
1892. His position is 1.2' too far
north due to an error in the position of his offset star (
******************************
14 31 27.2 +03 00 33; Vir
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.6'; PA = 29°
24" (6/29/22): at 327x; relatively bright, very
elongated ~3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.0' in length, brighter core. A mag 14.5 star is close to the NNE
tip. Located 30' SE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1024 = J. 1-299 on 2 Jun 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
14 30 10.6 +31 12 54; Boo
V = 12.2; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 125°
See observing notes for
Truman Safford found IC 1026 = Sf. 13 on 11 May 1866 and
simply noted "pretty bright".
There is nothing at his position but 1 minute of RA west is NGC 5653 and
his description is appropriate for an 18.5" refractor. Safford made several other 1 minute
errors in his RA positions, including
******************************
14 29 48.5 +53 57 54; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.8'; PA = 0°
24" (7/1/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 35" diameter, nearly even surface brightness. IC 1027 is the brightest in a group
with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1027 = Sw. 7-45 on 23 Jul 1887 and
recorded "eeeF; pS; R; another or a few F st. nr." His position was just off the south
side of
******************************
IC 1028 = NGC 5739 = UGC 9486 = MCG +07-30-052 = CGCG 220-049 = PGC 52531
14 42 28.9 +41 50 32; Boo
V = 12.1; Size 2.3'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.6
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1028 = Sw. 8-81 on 1 Sep 1888 and reported "pB; S; R; F * close nf." There is nothing at his position, but all modern catalogues identify IC 1028 = UGC 9368 (first given in the CGCG). This galaxy is situated 15' SE of Swift's position. But in August 2017, I noticed that IC 895 likely had 10 minute error in RA, so that IC 895 = NGC 5273, and Harold Corwin followed this lead and found IC 1028 (as well as IC 1045), also discovered on 1 Sep 1888, shared the same 10 minute error in RA. The corrected position lands on the north edge of NGC 5739, and this galaxy has a 14th magnitude star off the northeast edge, matching the description. This galaxy was originally discovered by William Herschel on 18 Mar 1787.
******************************
14 32 27.2 +49 54 13; Boo
V = 11.3; Size 2.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 11.6; PA = 152°
17.5" (6/24/95): moderately bright, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 2.0'x0.4'. Contains a very small and round prominent core with a faint stellar nucleus at moments. Located 3.2' W of a mag 9.5 star. This is an unusual situation with a brighter IC galaxy (discovered by William Herschel) in the field of a fainter NGC galaxy (discovered by John Herschel).
William Herschel discovered IC 1029 = H. II-696 = Big. 185
on 15 May 1787 (sweep 736). He
recorded "pretty bright, small, elongated." His position matches
When Bigourdan observed the pair of galaxies on 14 Jun 1887, he assumed UGC 9361 was new, measured an accurate position, and Dreyer catalogued Big. 185 as IC 1029. This is an unusual situation where an IC object was discovered earlier by WH! Note: Malcolm Thomson argues in his IC identification notes that NGC 5673 = IC 1029. See NGC 5673 for more.
******************************
IC 1030 = NGC 5672 = UGC 9354 = MCG +05-34-068 = CGCG 163-077 = LGG 383-003 = PGC 51964
14 32 38.3 +31 40 12; Boo
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 50°
See observing notes for
Truman Safford found IC 1030 = Sf. 6 on 5 May 1866. There is nothing at his position but 1 minute of RA west is NGC 5672, an error made by Safford on several other discoveries. So, likely IC 1030 = NGC 5672. Harold Corwin made this identification.
******************************
14 34 24.0 +48 02 15; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 56°
24" (6/15/15): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated
3:2 SW-NE, 0.3'x0.2'. A mag 15.2
star lies 40" NE. First of 3
(WBL 515) with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1031 = Sw. 7-46 on 6 May 1888 and recorded "eeeF; S; R; nearly pointed to by 2 D st., 1st of 3 [with IC 1032 and 1033]." His RA was 12 seconds too large (copied into the IC), but the identification is certain. Howe measured an accurate position in his series of NGC/IC observations around 1900.
******************************
IC 1032 = CGCG 248-006 = I Zw 91 = WBL 515-002 = PGC 52097
14 34 39.5 +47 58 05; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (6/15/15): fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly high surface brightness. Second of three with IC 1033 1.9' SSE and IC 1031 4.9' NW. IC 1032 is a merged pair (unresolved) with the two nuclei separated by only 5".
18" (7/15/07): faint, very small, irregularly round, 20"x15", occasional faint stellar nucleus. Forms a pair with slightly brighter IC 1033 just 2' S. The pair was found while observing the field of comet C/2006 VZ_13 (LINEAR).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1032 = Sw. 7-47 on 6 May 1888 and
recorded "eeeF; S; R; 2nd of 3 [with IC 1031 and 1033]." On the SDSS, this is a merged double
system with two nuclei (
******************************
IC 1033 = CGCG 248-007 = WBL 515-003 = PGC 52099
14 34 41.8 +47 56 16; Boo
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.8'
24" (6/15/15): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core, 25" diameter. Slightly larger and brighter of a pair with IC 1033 1.9' NNW and IC 1031 6.7' NW forming a triplet.
18" (7/15/07): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration. Brighter of a pair with IC 1032 2' N. Forms the vertex of a right angle with a mag 13 star 2.6' S and a mag 12 star 5' E.
These two small galaxies were picked up in the same field (10' apart) while viewing 7th magnitude C/2006 VZ13 (LINEAR) in the same field of view! IC 1031 is located just 6.7' NW but missed viewing as it was outside of the field.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1033 = Sw. 7-48 on 6 May 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; 3rd of 3 [with IC 1031 and 1032]." His position is just 5 seconds too large in RA.
******************************
14 37 13.7 +14 39 55; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 5°
24" (7/1/22): at 327x; in the faint to very faint category, round, just 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 12.5 star is 1.5' SSE and a mag 9.0 is 4' NW. On deep images, this is a late-stage merger with shells and tails.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1034 = J. 1-301 on 19 Jul 1892. He noted "very faint, poorly defined, weak condensation." and measured an accurate position.
******************************
14 38 10.2 +09 20 10; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 150°
24" (7/1/22): at 327x and 375x; faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 15-15.5 star is right at the NE edge and a mag 13 star is 1' NE (helps to pinpoint the location).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1035 = J. 1-302 on 24 May 1892. He noted "pretty faint, roughly round, 10" diameter, very pale, near a faint star."
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14 38 22.8 +18 06 40; Boo
V = 15.2; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 43°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; between faint and very faint,
elongated SW-NE, very low even surface brightness, ~25" diameter. Fainter of a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1036 = J. 1-303, along with IC 1037, on 13 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 1037 = MCG +03-37-028 = CGCG 104-057 = PGC 52319
14 38 25.4 +18 11 02; Boo
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 107°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, round, 30"
diameter, very small brighter nucleus.
Forms the western vertex of a small triangle with a mag 14.7 star 1.4' E
and similar star 1.7' SE. Forms a
physical pair (similar redshift) with IC 1036 4.4' S. Located 7' SSE of mag 5.9
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1037 = J. 1-304, along with IC 1036, on 13 Jun 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
14 40 29.4 +03 25 58; Vir
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 43°
24" (6/18/12): faint, very small, slightly elongated
SW-NE, 15" diameter. Located
3.7' SW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1039 = J. 1-306, along with
******************************
IC 1041 = MCG +01-37-045 = CGCG 047-134 = WBL 518-004 = PGC 52434
14 40 37.9 +03 22 37; Vir
V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 165°
24" (6/18/12): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
4:3 NNW-SSE, well concentrated with a small bright core. Forms a close pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1041 = J. 1-308 = Sw. 10A-6 = Sw. 11-173, along with IC 1039, 1042 and 1043, on 28 May 1891. His dec is ~1.5' too far south but the identification is certain. Lewis Swift found it again on 17 May 1892 and noted Sw. 10A-6 as "eF, vS, lE. 1st of 3 [with IC 1042 and NGC 5718]." Swift reobserved it again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and reported it as new in his 11th discovery list with a slightly modified position, probably to make sure Dreyer didn't miss this discovery. Dreyer assumed Swift's observation referred to IC 1039, but since his declination was 6' south of IC 1042, it probably refers to IC 1041.
******************************
IC 1042 = Arp 171 NED1 = UGC 9457 = MCG +01-37-046 = WBL 518-003 = PGC 52433
14 40 39.0 +03 28 10; Vir
V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (6/18/12): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
24" diameter, weak concentration.
Fainter member of a double system (
17.5" (6/8/91): very faint, very small, low even surface brightness. Forms a double system (Arp 171) just off the WNW edge of NGC 5718. Member of the poor cluster MKW 8
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1042 = J. I-309 = Sw. 10A-7 = Sw. 11-174 on 27 Apr 1878 (probably again on 2 Jun 1878). During an observation of NGC 5718, he noted a new nebula [IC 1042] 5 seconds of times preceding in the parallel. Stephan failed to publish the discovery, though.
Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 1042, along with IC 1039, 1041 and 1043, on 28 May 1891 with description "vF, R, 10" diameter, brighter center." In a footnote he mentioned "distinct from NGC 5718". Lewis Swift independently discovered the galaxy on 17 May 1892 and included it in his list 10A (#7) as "eeF, S, R, close D with 5718." Swift observed it again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and reported it as new a second time in his 11th discovery list, perhaps to make sure Dreyer didn't miss this discovery. Javelle (1) and Swift (2) were credited in the IC, but not Stephan.
******************************
14 40 43.4 +03 22 26; Vir
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 22°
24" (6/18/12): faint, very small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 15"x10", faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Located 1.4' E of IC 1041 in the core of the NGC 5718 group (MKW 8). This galaxy is not identified as IC 1043 in Megastar or HyperLeda and is not listed in the original PGC.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1043 = J. 310, along with IC 1039, 1041 and 1042, on 28 May 1891. His dec is nearly 2' too far south (same as IC 1041).
******************************
14 41 29.0 +09 25 51; Boo
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 1°
24" (7/1/22): at 327x;, fairly faint, small bright
nucleus with a faint halo that extends ~0.5'x0.3' N-S. Located 9' NE of mag 8.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1044 = J. 1-311 on 24 May 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 1045 = UGC 9559 = MCG +07-30-068 = CGCG 220-058 = CGCG 221-001 = Mrk 827 = Holm 683a = PGC 52995
14 50 39.4 +42 44 27; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 150°
24" (7/1/19): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated 5:2 NW-SE, ~1.0'x0.4', bright elongated core.
24" (6/3/19): at 322x;
Forms a physical pair of Markarian galaxies with CGCG 220-059 1.8' NNE. The companion was very faint and small, round, 12"-15" diameter.
NED equates IC 1045 with
17.5" (6/27/98): faint, moderately large, very elongated NW-SE, 1.0'x0.25', weakly concentrated. A mag 13 star lies 1.5' NW of center. Forms a close pair of edge-ons with NGC 5730 3' SW.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1045 = Sw. 8-82 = UGC 9559 on
28 May 1875. His uncorrected
position is 6' to the NE, similar to the offsets for the positions he reported
for
Lewis Swift rediscovered this galaxy on 1 Sep 1888. He described nebula #82 in his 8th
discovery list (later IC 1045) as "eeeF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 st.; forms
triangle with 2 st; eee diff."
There is nothing at his position, though 7' WNW is NGC 5731. Harold Corwin originally considered IC
1045 as perhaps a duplicate of NGC 5731, though this would imply Swift missed
In August 2017, I sent Harold Corwin an email correcting Swift's position for IC 895 (he made a 10 minute error in RA). Corwin found that the same 10 minute correction applied to IC 1045, as well as IC 1028 (both discovered on the same night), resulted in IC 1045 = UGC 9559. No modern catalogues (yet) makes this identification. Courtney Seligman also found that IC 511, the 4th object discovered that night by Swift, shares the same 10 minute error! So, there were two late 19th century discoveries of this galaxy that might have led to a NGC or IC designation, but through omission and a recording error, all modern sources refer to it as UGC 9559.
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14 37 53.4 +69 00 52; UMi
Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 87°
24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 or 2:1 E-W, small brighter nucleus. Mottled, irregular appearance, ~36"x20". A ~20" pair of mag 11.7/13.2 stars is 3' E (nearly collinear with the galaxy).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1046 = Sw. 7-49 on 11 Jun 1888 and reported "eF; S; R; D * nr f[ollowing] points to it." His position is within 30" of CGCG 337-017 = PGC 52284 and the double star is 3.5' E.
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14 42 19.9 +19 11 31; Boo
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.5'
18" (7/10/10): at 285x appeared very faint, small,
round, 20" diameter, low surface halo surrounding a brighter core. Located 5' S of a mag 11 star. Collinear with three mag 13-13.5 stars
extending to the NE with the closest 1.6' NE. A compact group of extremely
faint galaxies lies 4' S of IC 1047 and the combined glow (or the brightest
galaxy) was just visible.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1047 = J. 313 on 18 May 1892.
******************************
14 42 58.0 +04 53 22; Vir
V = 13.1; Size 2.2'x0.7'; PA = 163°
24" (6/29/22): moderately bright edge-on 4:1 or 5:1
nearly N-S, ~1.5'x0.3', bulging central region and tapers at the tips. A mag 15.5
star is close to the north end.
Member of the large
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1048 = J. 1-312 on 18 Jul 1892. He noted "quite bright, elongated approximately in the direction of the meridian [N-S], about 1' in length, appears granulated." His position is accurate.
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14 39 33.1 +62 00 11; Dra
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 70°
24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; moderately bright and large, roundish, ~45"-50" diameter, increases gradually and mildly to the center. A mag 10.4 star is 4.7' SSW and a mag 11.1 star is 4.4' ENE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1049 = Sw. 9-41 on 2 Jul 1889 and reported "eeF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 distant wide D st." The wide double stars are NE and S.
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14 44 07.1 +18 00 45; Boo
V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.45'; PA = 30°
24" (7/1/22): at 225x, 327x and 375x; nearly fairly faint, brighter core, faint elongated halo ~3:2 SW-NE, 25"-30" diameter. A mag 10 star is 7' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1050 = J. 1-314 on 23 Jun 1892. He noted "very faint, small, round, 15" diameter, diffuse without condensation."
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14 44 11.6 +19 01 13; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'
18" (7/10/10): very faint, very small, round, 12"
diameter. Located 16' NE of NGC
5737 and 18' NW of mag 6.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1051 = J. 315 on 18 Jul 1892.
******************************
14 45 49.0 +50 23 39; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 20°
24" (7/11/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, 1' diameter, slightly elongated ~N-S, low surface brightness outer halo increases with averted, brighter core has a broad, weak concentration towards the center. Situated between a mag 10.5 star 2.6' W and a mag 7.8 star 6.6' E. Three additional mag 10 stars are within 7' to the SW.
Lewis Swift found IC 1056 = Sw. 7-50 on 4 Jul 1888 and
reported, "eeF, L, R; forms an arc of a small circle with 2 sts; 3 pB sts
nr sf in form of arc of a large circle." His position was just off the west edge of this galaxy. Swift first discovered this galaxy on 8
Apr 1888, but his description for
******************************
IC 1057 = IC 1056 = UGC 9516 = MCG +08-27-023 = CGCG 273-025 = PGC 52713
14 45 49.0 +50 23 39; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 20°
24" (7/11/18): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, 1' diameter, slightly elongated ~N-S, low surface brightness outer halo increases with averted, brighter core has a broad, weak concentration towards the center. Situated between a mag 10.5 star 2.6' W and a mag 7.8 star 6.6' E. Three additional mag 10 stars are within 7' to the SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1057 = Sw. 7-51 on 8 Apr 1888 and reported "eF; pS; R; bet a pB* and a coarse D *, nearer the latter. His position is 2.3' too far SE. He rediscovered the galaxy on July 4th and it was recatalogued as IC 1056 with a more accurate position. Neither Swift nor Dreyer caught the equivalence as the descriptions and positions are enough different.
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14 49 12.4 +17 01 15; Boo
V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 115°
24" (7/1/22): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, 45" diameter, small brighter nucleus with tapering ends (lens shaped).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1058 = J. 1-319 on 27 Jun 1892. He noted "faint, elongated, lying along the meridian [N-S], very condensed, 14th mag nucleus."
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14 51 47.3 -07 13 57; Lib
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.8'; PA = 92°
18" (7/24/11): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
3:2 WNW-ESE, ~32"x22", broad weak concentration to the center but no
distinct core or nucleus. Located
20' W of a 1.4' pair of mag 9 stars.
Truman Safford discovered IC 1060 = Sf. 106 on 23 May 1868 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. His position is accurate.
******************************
14 51 17.7 +18 41 13; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 100°
17.5" (6/7/97): faint, small, round, 20" diameter,
low even surface brightness. View
hampered by mag 7.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1062 = J. 321 on 18 Jul 1892. CGCG doesn't label this galaxy as IC 1062.
******************************
14 52 11.0 +04 40 55; Vir
V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x1.1'; PA = 145°
24" (6/29/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, ~30" diameter, diffuse. It appeared to have a double nucleus [separation 13" E-W], which suggested it might be a merger. But checking images afterwards, the brighter eastern "nucleus" is a superimposed star. Nearby are three brighter stars; a mag 9.3 star 7' SW and mag 10.3 star 5' SE and a mag 10.7 star 4' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1063 = J. 1-322 on 18 May
1892. His position is
accurate. He found the galaxy
again two months later on 15 Jul, so the galaxy also carries the label
******************************
IC 1064 = IC 1063 = UGC 9565 = MCG +01-38-007 = CGCG 048-036 = PGC 53094
14 52 11.0 +04 40 55; Vir
V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x1.1'; PA = 145°
24" (6/29/22): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly elongated, ~30" diameter, diffuse. Appears to have a double nucleus [separation 13" E-W] and I thought it might be a merger, but checking images afterwards the brighter eastern one is a superimposed star.
Stephane Javelle found IC 1064 = J. 1-323 on 15 Jul 1892. His position is accurate, though he had already discovered this galaxy two months earlier using a different offset star! So IC 1063 = IC 1064.
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14 49 21.6 +63 16 14; Dra
V = 13.6; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 89°
18" (7/10/10): faint, very small, 15" diameter. Appears to have an extremely low surface brightness halo increasing the diameter to 30". Located 14' SE of Stein 775 = 11.5/12.0 at 9".
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1065 = Sw. 7-52 on 7 Apr 1888 and recorded "vF, pS, R." His position is just off the south side of the galaxy. Identified in the MCG only as +11-18-008.
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14 53 02.9 +03 17 44; Vir
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 70°
48" (4/19/17): bright, moderately large, oval 5:3 WSW-ENE, ~0.8'x0.5'. Contains a small, very bright nucleus. A mag 11 star is 1.8' E, a mag 12.5 star is 1.2' ESE and a mag 16.6 star lies 0.9' N. Forms a bright pair with IC 1067 2.2' NNE.
24" (6/23/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:3 WSW-ENE, ~40"x24". Occasionally appears slightly brighter along the major
axis. An 11th mag star is 2' E
with a 13th mag star is 1.3' ESE.
Forms a nice pair with
17.5" (6/18/93): faint, small, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE,
almost even surface brightness, weak concentration. A wide pair of mag 11 and 13 stars at 40" separation
are about 1.5' ESE. Forms a close
pair with IC 1067 2.2' NNE. In the
same 140x field (using a 14mm Nagler) with
R.J. Mitchell, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 1066 =
J. 1-324, along with IC 1067, on 16 May 1855. He assumed he was observing the double system
Édouard Stephan made an independent discovery (probably of both galaxies) on 3 Jun 1878 (rough position 4' WSW)', though never published the observation. Stephane Javelle found the galaxy again on 28 May 1891, measured an accurate position, and it was catalogued as IC 1066. Javelle is credited in the IC, as the connection with the Birr Castle sketch was never made.
******************************
IC 1067 = UGC 9574 = MCG +01-38-010 = PGC 53178
14 53 05.4 +03 19 53; Vir
V = 12.2; Size 2.2'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 110°
48" (4/19/17): bright, moderately large, slightly
elongated NW-SE, ~1.0' diameter.
Contains a very bright very small nucleus. I didn't notice the bar structure in a quick observation. An easy 9" pair of mag 15-15.5
stars is on the southwest side.
Forms a 2.2' pair with IC 1066 to the SSW with the NGC 5774/5775 18'
NE. A mag 16.6 star lies 1.3' SSW,
nearly on a direct line between IC 1066 and
24" (6/23/17): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, roundish, ~45" diameter. Contains a very small brighter nucleus embedded in a "bar" that was often seen oriented NW-SE. A 15th mag star is superimposed at the west edge. Brighter of a nice pair with IC 1066 2.2' SSW. Two mag 11 and 13 stars lies 2.5' E and a similar distance southeast.
17.5" (6/18/93): slightly larger and brighter of close pair with IC 1066 2.2' SSW. Fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 1.0'x0.8', bright core. A mag 12 star is 2.7' ESE. Prominent for an IC pair.
R.J. Mitchell, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered IC 1067 = J. 1-325, along with IC 1066, on 16 May 1855. See the story under IC 1066.
******************************
14 50 46.5 +54 24 40; Boo
V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.7'; PA = 50°
24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, ~40"x30", sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1069 = Sw. 7-53 on 8 Apr 1888 and reported "pF; vS; R; in vacancy." His position is 3' too far southeast, but there are no other nearby galaxies so the identification is certain.
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14 53 51.3 +03 29 05; Vir
V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 121°
48" (4/19/17): moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, brighter core but no sharp nucleus. Located 4' SSW of NGC 5775, which forms a striking pair with NGC 5774.
24" (6/23/17): at 375x; faint, very small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 15"x12", weak concentration. Located 4' SSW of NGC 5775.
24" (7/14/15): at 375x; faint to fairly faint (visible continuously), small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 18"x12". By far the faintest and smallest in a trio with NGC 5774 3.9' NE and NGC 5774 6.3' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1070 = J. 1-327 on 3 Jun 1891 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory and recorded "vF, S, R, diffic."
******************************
14 54 12.5 +04 45 00; Vir
V = 13.2; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 150°
18" (6/17/04): brightest and furthest south of a
collinear trio with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1071 = Sw. 10-27 on 25 Jun 1891 and logged "eF; S; R; BM." His position is 2' too far south. Swift missed nearby IC 1072 and IC 1073 to the north, which Javelle discovered the following year. Howe reported a corrected position in his series of NGC/IC observation in Monthly Notices.
******************************
IC 1072 = MCG +01-38-016 = CGCG 048-064 = PGC 53258
14 54 13.1 +04 50 29; Vir
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 152°
18" (6/17/04): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', fairly smooth surface brightness. In a collinear triplet (second brightest) with IC 1071 5.5' S and IC 1073 2.8' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1072 = J. 328, along with IC 1073, on 18 May 1892 .
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IC 1073 = CGCG 048-063 = PGC 53259
14 54 14.4 +04 47 40; Vir
V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.4'
18" (6/17/04): faintest of a collinear triplet with IC 1071 2.7' S and IC 1072 2.8' N. Very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness and requires averted. A mag 12 star lies 4' due west.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1073 = J. 329, along with IC 1072, on 18 May 1892
******************************
14 51 57.3 +51 15 54; Boo
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 117°
24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~40"x20", slightly brighter core. A mag 12.7 star is 1.7' W, a mag 14.4 star is 1' SSW and a mag 9.5 star is 3.4' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1074 = Sw. 7-54 on 4 Jul 1888 and recorded "eeF; S; R." His position is just off the north edge of the galaxy.
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14 54 49.2 +18 06 21; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.6'; PA = 155°
24" (7/11/18): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:3 NNW-SSE, ~40"x24", weak concentration, fairly low
surface brightness. In a trio (WBL
535) with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1075 = Sw. 8-83, along with IC 1076, on 22 Apr 1889. He reported "eeeF; pS; R; p of 2 [with IC 1076]."
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IC 1076 = UGC 9595 = Mrk 479 = MCG +03-38-055 = CGCG 105-071 = SBL 535-002 = PGC 53320
14 54 59.6 +18 02 14; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 9°
24" (7/11/18): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, ~45"x25", brighter core. Brightest in a quartet with IC 1075 4.8' NNW and CGCG 105-073 5.8' NNE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1076 = Sw. 8-84, along with IC 1075, on 22 Apr 1889. He reported "eeeF; pS; R; in vacancy; pB * sp; f of 2 [with IC 1075]." Stephane Javelle found it again on 13 Jun 1892 and reported it as new (J. 1-330), with comments "faint, round, 30" diameter, central condensation."
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IC 1077 = ESO 581-0029 = MCG -03-38-030 = PGC 53450
14 57 21.7 -19 12 50; Lib
V = 12.6; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 135°
17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, 1.1'
diameter, very weak even concentration.
A mag 13.5 star lies 2.4' SW.
Located 20' WNW of
Frank Muller discovered IC 1077 = LM(S) 676, along with IC
1081, on 18 Mar 1887 at the Leander McCormick Observatory. He called it "round, gradually
brighter to a middle nucleus." and his micrometric offset in RA matches
******************************
14 56 29.0 +09 21 16; Boo
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 13°
24" (7/14/15): faint, fairly small, round, 30"
diameter, low surface brightness.
Forms a nice pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1078 = J. 1-331, along with IC 1079, on 17 May 1892 and recorded "pF, vS, R, little brighter in the middle."
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IC 1079 = UGC 9611 = MCG +02-38-026 = CGCG 076-103 = WBL 536-002 = PGC 53418
14 56 36.2 +09 22 11; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 1.7'x1.0'; PA = 82°
24" (7/14/15): fairly faint to moderately bright, slightly elongated E-W, ~45"x36", well concentrated with a small very bright core. Brighter of a close pair with IC 1078 2' SE. UGC 9616 = VV 26 lies 7.3' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1079 = J. 1-332, along with IC 1078, on 17 May 1892 and recorded "F, vS, R, gradually brighter in the middle."
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14 57 59.8 -06 43 24; Lib
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 30°
18" (7/24/11): faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 26"x18",
broad weak concentration, no distinct zones. Located 3' ESE of mag 8.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1080 = J. 2-787 on 9 Jun 1893.
******************************
14 58 55.1 -19 14 21; Lib
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 147°
17.5" (6/16/01): very faint, very elongated NW-SE, 1.2'x0.3', low even surface brightness. Very weakly concentrated. Forms a close pair with brighter NGC 5791 2.7' SW and 5.7' due north of a mag 10 star.
Frank Muller discovered IC 1081 = LM(S) 677, along with IC 1077, on 18 Mar 1887 and recorded "1.0'x0.3', elongated [in p.a.] 175°." Muller didn't make an offset measure in declination. Howe measured an accurate position in 1898, though the IC position is 4' too far south.
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14 58 52.5 +07 00 26; Vir
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 43°
24" (6/29/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, brighter roundish central region, with a faint halo extended SW-NE. A mag 10.8 star is 2.4' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1082 = J. 1-333 on 13 Feb 1893. He noted "very faint, nearly round, 30" diameter, even surface brightness."
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14 55 33.4 +68 24 31; UMi
Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 94°
24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3, ~24"x18", broad gradual concentration but no well defined core or nucleus. A 15" pair (uncatalogued) of mag 11.8/12.5 stars is 7' ESE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1083 = Sw. 7-55 on 2 Aug 1888 and
reported "eeF; S; R; D * in field f." His position is less than 2' NW of
******************************
15 01 14.9 -07 28 30; Lib
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 171°
18" (6/13/07): faint, fairly small, irregularly round, 25"x20". Located south of a group of 4 stars in a triangular pattern and 5' ESE of much brighter NGC 5812.
Francis Leavenworth discovered IC 1084 = LM(S) 693 on 30 Mar 1887 at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded it as "mag 15.6, 0.3' diameter, round, dif." His micrometric position is accurate.
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15 02 43.4 +17 15 09; Boo
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.75'; PA = 24°
24" (6/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated N-S, 30"x25". Well concentrated with a small bright core (round). The low surface brightness halo appears
elongated ~5:4. A mag 13 star is
1.8' SW. Located 6.4' ENE of mag
9.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1085 = J. 1-334, along with IC 1086, on 8 Jul 1891. His position is over 1' too far south, apparently due to an error in the declination of the offset star (SAO 101342).
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IC 1086 = MCG +03-38-077 = CGCG 105-101 = PGC 53734
15 03 29.2 +17 06 52; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 165°
24" (6/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, high surface brightness, occasional stellar nucleus. IC 1085 lies 14' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1086 = J. 1-335, along with
IC 1085, on 8 Jul 1891. His
position is 1.7' too far south, apparently due to an error in the declination
of the offset star. Some sources
(such as Megastar) misidentify nearby
******************************
15 06 43.9 +03 46 36; Vir
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 80°
24" (6/30/16): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated WSW-ENE, ~24"x18", small bright nucleus. IC 1087 is the brighter of a close pair
with
17.5" (6/29/00): this is the brighter of a close pair of difficult galaxies. At 220x, it appeared as an extremely faint and small glow, perhaps 25" diameter. At 280x a confused glow was visible and with extended viewing a close companion (UGC 9710) was just resolved to the southeast . With concentration both members could almost be held continuously. A mag 15 star lies 1.3' NE (this is IC 1088).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1087 = J. 336, along with IC 1088, on 28 May 1891. His reference for IC 1087 and IC 1088 was a mag 9-10 star at 15 07 02.6 +03 50 50 (2000). His offsets for #336 = IC 1087 are -19.8 seconds of time and -4' 14.8" dec. This places IC 1087 at 15 06 42.8 +03 46 35 (J2000), a perfect match with the northwest galaxy of the pair. IC 1088, though, refers to a mag 15 star 1.3' NE of IC 1088. It is often misidentified as the southeast member of the pair.
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15 06 47.4 +03 47 31; Vir
V = 16.0
24" (6/30/16): at 322x; IC 1088 is a mag 16.0 star 1.2' NE of IC 1087. Modern sources (UGC, MCG, CGCG, HyperLeda, SIMBAD) misidentify UGC 9710 as IC 1088.
UGC 9710 appeared extremely faint or very faint, fairly small, very low surface brightness streak, ~30"x5". This galaxy is the fainter of a close pair with IC 1087 just 32" NW!
On 29 Jun 2000 I also viewed UGC 9710 in my 17.5" and recorded, "fainter of a very close pair with IC 1087 [33" between centers]. Glimpsed with averted vision only as a very small, elongated glow, ~20"x10" E-W. It was difficult to hold IC 1087 and UGC 9710 simultaneously.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1088 = J. 336, along with IC 1087, on 28 May 1891. See IC 1087.
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15 07 26.0 +07 07 00; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 140°
24" (6/29/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 25" diameter, small bright core, stellar nucleus. A mag 12 star is 2' SSE and a mag 12.5 star is 3.5' E. An interesting group of stars is ~12' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1089 = J. 1-338 on 15 Jul 1892. His position is 1' too far south.
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15 08 13.5 -11 08 27; Lib
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 132°
24" (6/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~0.6'x0.3', low even surface brightness, no noticeable
core or zones. Located 9.5' NW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1091 = Big. 187 on 1 Jun 1888 and recorded "mag 13.4-13.5; diffuse; 40" diameter; stellar nucleus. His position matches PGC 54044.
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15 07 36.1 +09 21 30; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.9'
24" (6/29/22): at 327x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 or 3:2, diffuse halo, faint stellar nucleus. A nice unequal 20" pair of mag 10.8/13.5 stars is 7' NE and double star STF 1910 (mag 7.3/7.5 at 3.9") is 8' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1092 = J. 1-339 on 24 May 1892 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is accurate.
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15 07 35.6 +14 32 53; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 115°
24" (6/14/15): faint to fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 0.6' diameter, very weak concentration, overall low surface
brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1093 = J. 1-340, along with IC 1094, on 8 Jul 1891 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "pB, vS, R, little brighter middle." His position is 1.6' too far south (same offset as IC 1094).
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IC 1094 = MCG +03-39-006 = VIII Zw 453 = CGCG 106-008 = PGC 54006 + 54009 + 54011
15 07 42.2 +14 37 30; Boo
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (6/14/15): IC 1094 NED1 appeared very faint, very
small, round, at most 15" diameter.
Forms a very close triplet with
Zwicky called
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1094 = J. 1-341, along with IC 1093, on 8 Jul 1891 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "pB, vS, R, biN" implying he noticed two of the three components.
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15 08 35.1 +13 40 14; Boo
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (6/13/15): faint, small, slightly elongated,
20"x16", low even surface brightness. Forms an interacting double system with extremely compact
The companion appeared extremely faint, round, just ~6" diameter, and is squeezed between IC 1095 and a mag 15.5 star just 23" W. On the SDSS, the companion is attached at the tip of a stretched spiral arm from IC 1095.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1095 = Sw. 8-85 on 26 May 1889 and
recorded "eeF; S; lE; * 9m in field sf." His position is exactly 20' too far north but the 9th mag
star
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15 08 21.6 +19 11 32; Boo
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 77°
24" (6/13/15): faint, small, round, 12"
diameter. First and faintest in a
trio with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1096 = J. 1-342, along with
IC 1097, on 20 Jul 1892. His
micrometric position matches
******************************
IC 1097 = UGC 9735 = MCG +03-39-010 = CGCG 106-012 = WBL 548-003 = PGC 54059
15 08 31.3 +19 11 04; Boo
V = 14.6; Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 58°
24" (6/13/15): faint, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 30"x12", small slightly brighter core. A mag 11.2 star is 0.9' NW. Largest and second brightest in a trio with fainter IC 1096 2.4' WNW and brighter CGCG 106-011 2.2' NW. A mag 10.3 star is 1' W of CGCG 106-011.
CGCG 106-011, which is misidentified as IC 1096 in all modern catalogues, is the brightest of the triplet. It appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, 18" diameter, small bright nucleus. Flanked by a mag 11 star 1.3' SE and a mag 10.3 star 1' W, so in a 3' region there are 3 galaxies and two fairly bright stars!
17.5" (6/3/00): faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 40"x20". Contains a 15" brighter core with very faint extensions visible intermittently. A mag 11 star is just 0.9' NW of center. Forms a pair with MCG +03-39-009 (misidentified as IC 1096 in major catalogues) 2.2' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1097 = J. 1-343, along with IC 1096, on 20 Jul 1892. His micrometric position is accurate. See IC 1096.
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15 06 54.7 +56 30 32; Dra
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x1.0'
24" (7/28/19): at 322x, fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, very weak concentration with a very slightly brighter core. A mag 14.5 star is 2' SW and other stars are nearby. MCG +09-25-019 and -020 is 13' SSW.
24" (7/10/18): at 375x; faint, fairly small, round,
~0.7' diameter, weak concentration, slightly brighter core along a SW-NE axis
(central bar). Bracketed by a mag
14.3 star 1.5' NE and a mag 14.5 star 1.0' SW, with a mag 15.4 star 1.7' SE.
Edward Swift, Lewis Swift's teenage son, discovered IC 1099 = Sw. 9-46 on 8 Jun 1890. In his 9th discovery list Lewis reported, "eeeF; pS; R; midway betw 2 vF nr. st." The position is 2' too far SE, but the identification is nearly certain with the two stars 1' SSW and 1.5' NNE.
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15 06 20.7 +62 58 52; Dra
V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 60°
17.5" (6/14/96): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, 40"x30", weak concentration. Bracketed by a mag 13 star 52" SW of center and a mag 12 star 1.8' NNE. NGC identification uncertain (poor position from WH) and this galaxy is identified as IC 1100 (from Swift) in UGC, MCG, CGCG and RC3.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1100 = Sw. 9-45 on 22 Jun 1889 and
logged "vF; pS; lE; bet 2 stars." His position is 1.2' NW of
UGC, MCG, CGCG and RC3 all label this galaxy as IC 1100 (because of the unambiguous position) instead of NGC 5881. I wrote up this case in RNGC Corrections #6 and it is discussed in Corwin's notes.
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15 10 56.1 +05 44 41; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 23°
18" (6/30/11): this supergiant cD galaxy is the central
galaxy in
Wikipedia states this galaxy is the largest known in the universe, from 5-6 million light years. A 1991 paper by Uson, Boughn, & Kuhn (ApJ, 369, 46) gives a slightly smaller, though still extremely large diameter of 4 million light years.
Edward Swift, the son of Lewis Swift, discovered IC 1101 = Sw. 9-47 on 19 Jun 1890 at the age of 19. Lewis noted that he and Edward disagreed on the description after the telescope was moved, and as a result no description is given in Swift's 9th discovery list. In his survey of NGC/IC objects around 1900, Herbert Howe found it to be "extremely faint and very small. A star of mag 13 follows 1.5 seconds...and another precedes 2 seconds, a little north." UGC does not label their entry (UGC 9752) as IC 1101.
This is a super-giant cD in the center of AGC 2029 at a distance of 1.07 billion light years (slightly larger redshift than AGC 2065!). IC 1101 is one of the most distant galaxies discovered visually.
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15 11 04.9 +04 17 38; Vir
V = 13.9; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 18°
24" (7/18/17): at 282x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 25"x12", nearly even surface brightness. Two mag 11.9 and 13.4 stars (1.4' separation) lie 2'-3' SE. Member of the USGC U690 group, which includes WBL 551 and WBL 554 and includes at least 21 galaxies to the E and NE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1102 = Sw. 10-30 on 24 Jun 1891 and reported "eeeF; vS; F * with dist. com[panion] nr. nf; eee diff." His position is 2' too far SE, but there are no other nearby candidates and two stars match his description, so the identification is certain.
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15 11 35.9 +19 12 28; Ser
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 178°
24" (7/1/19): at 282x and 375x; between faint and
fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~20"x15", very small
brighter nucleus, occasional stellar nucleus. Located 15' NNW of mag 5.9
This galaxy lies at a distance of 1.1 billion light years and is included in Ogle's "Catalog of the Most Optically Luminous Galaxies at z < 0.3".
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1103 = J. 1-344 on 20 Jul 1892. His position is accurate. This galaxy isn't included in the PGC and HyperLEDA only uses a LEDA designation. Megastar has it identified as a MAC.
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15 13 13.9 +04 17 15; Ser
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 94°
24" (7/18/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 3:2 E-W, ~30"x20", brighter quasi-stellar nucleus. Forms a close pair with
IC 1105 is the brightest member of the galaxy group WBL 554 (part of USGC U690), which contains 6 additional CGCG galaxies and resides at a distance of ~500 million l.y. Five of these galaxies form a chain oriented WNW-ESE and are situated ~12' N. WBL 551, a smaller group at a similar redshift, lies ~30' W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1105 = Sw. 10-31, along with IC 1102, on 24 Jun 1891. He reported "eeF; S; lE; F * nr np; 3 distant st. in a curve sf." His position is 2' too far SE, but 3 stars to the SE match his description and the identification is secure. Swift missed the companion off the southwest side.
******************************
15 13 56.3 +04 42 39; Ser
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 34°
24" (7/28/19): at 322x; brighter and larger of a pair
with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1106 = J. 1-345, along with IC 1107, on 18 May 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 1107 = CGCG 049-068 NED2 = PGC 54391 = LEDA 1272206
15 14 09.0 +04 42 52; Ser
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 141°
24" (7/28/19): at 322x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, low even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is attached on the NW end. Member of the USGC U690 group (21 galaxies) with IC 1106 3.2' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1107 = J. 1-346, along with IC 1106, on 18 May 1892. His position is accurate. IC 1107 is not in the PGC. HyperLEDA misidentifies an extremely faint edge-on 2.7' NNE as IC 1107.
******************************
15 16 49.9 -45 38 58; Lup
V = 9.5; Size 16"x15"
See observing notes for
Williamina Fleming found IC 1108 on a photograph of stellar spectra at Harvard's Arequipa station and announced as a star with a spectra of the "fifth type" in 1894 (AN 3227, 195). Later that year, she reported "this object is in reality a gaseous nebula". This planetary was originally discovered by John Herschel on 27 Sep 1834 and catalogued as h3594 (later NGC 5882). The equivalence apparently went unannounced until Andris Lauberts (ESO) and Harold Corwin ran across it while scanning southern Schmidt plates.
******************************
15 17 04.0 +05 15 22; Ser
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (7/14/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round,
20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 4.5' ESE of a mag 10.2 star.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1109 = Sw. 10-32 on 25 Jun 1891 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; * nr nf; eee diff."
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15 12 05.1 +67 21 45; UMi
V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.4'; PA = 76°
24" (7/8/13): at 320x appeared fairly faint, fairly
small, edge-on 4:1 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.15', very small bright core, distinct
stellar nucleus. Located 15' W of
mag 5.1
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1110 = Sw. 7-56 on 2 Aug 1888 and noted "eeF; S; vE." His RA is 19 seconds too small but the identification is certain.
******************************
15 09 31.6 +54 30 23; Boo
V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 50°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1111 = Sw. 8-86 on 26 Aug 1888 and
recorded "pB; S; R; triangle with 2 st." There is nothing at his position but most sources, including
HyperLeda and SIMBAD, identify
******************************
15 17 47.4 +07 13 06; Ser
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 121°
18" (7/4/08): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NW-SE,
0.8'x0.35'. Located 20' NE of UGC
9799 in
Edward Swift, Lewis' 19 year-old son, discovered IC 1112 =
Sw. 9-48 on 19 Jun 1890 and recorded "eeF; pS; R." The position matches
******************************
15 22 18.9 -04 28 26; Lib
24" (7/14/20): at 375x; faint 10" pair of stars with components 14.2 and 14.8. The pair is oriented NW-SE with the brighter star on the SE side. It was easily resolved at 375x, though not obvious at 200x or less.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1115 = Sw. 8-87 on 28 May 1889 and noted "eeF; S; R; pB * nr. sf." During his survey of NGC and IC objects around 1900, Howe searched for this object and commented "I found only a double star of mags 12.5 and 13.5, with angle 315°, and distance 5". A star of mag 8.5 follows 7s, 2.5' south. The night was clear and the definition fair." The modern magnitude for the star is 10.5, but Howe's identification is nearly certain.
******************************
15 21 55.4 +08 25 25; Ser
V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.7
18" (7/28/03): fairly faint, moderately large, slightly
elongated N-S, 1.0'x0.8'. Contains
a very small brighter core.
Located 4.5' ESE of mag 8.7
Edward Swift, Lewis' 19 year-old son, discovered IC 1116 =
Sw. 9-49 on 19 Jun 1890 and recorded "eeF; S; R." The position matches
******************************
15 24 59.5 +13 26 42; Ser
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.9'
14.5" (7/7/21): at 182x and 226x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter, occasional nearly stellar nucleus. I could just hold the galaxy steadily with averted vision. A faint mag 15 star is off the WNW side, 0.7' from center. A mag 10 star is 3.7' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1118 = J. 1-349 = Sw. 11-179 on 29 Jul 1891. His position is accurate. This galaxy was found again by Swift on 3 Jun 1897 and reported as new, though his position was off by 7'. So, IC 1118 = IC 4543.
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15 25 44.3 -03 39 23; Ser
Size 0.7'; PA = 149°
48" (5/9/21): IC 1119 is an interacting merger pair
(separated by just 18"), with the main SW galaxy apparently a distorted
spiral. At 488x, it appeared
fairly faint, elongated ~2:1 NW-SE, ~30"x15", slightly brighter
nucleus. At the NW tip is a
compact glow (
A few nearby galaxies were viewed.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1119 = J. 2-788 on 16 Aug 1893. His position is accurate, though he apparently didn't resolve this interacting pair.
******************************
15 27 44.1 +06 48 14; Ser
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.65'; PA = 54°
24" (6/22/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 15" diameter, possible stellar nucleus. The view is somewhat confused by a mag 14.5-15 star at the northwest edge [14" from center].
Edward Swift discovered IC 1121 = Sw. 9-50 on 19 Jun 1890 and recorded "eeeF; eS; stellar; vF * close p[receding]." The Swift's position is within 1' and the description applies to this compact galaxy. Howe noted the "vF * close p" is of mag 13.5 and is 20" distant at 315° [NW]."
******************************
15 29 23.1 +07 37 03; Ser
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (6/13/15): very faint, very small, round, 12"
diameter. Can just hold
continuously with averted at 365x (6mm ZAO). Located 3' NW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1122 = Big. 192 on 4 Jun 1889 and recorded "mag 13.5; 30"-40" diameter, eF stellar nucleus." Dreyer also credited Barnard with the discovery based on his announcement of a new nebula found on 15 May 1890 while searching for the asteroid Eucharis. But Barnard's observation referred to NGC 5931 instead. HyperLeda misidentifies IC 1122 as NGC 5931, but IC 1122 = LEDA 1326415. Corwin and Thomson concur that IC 1122 is not equal to NGC 5931.
******************************
15 30 00.9 +23 38 18; Ser
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.35'; PA = 77°
24" (7/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, ~40"x18", brighter core. A mag 15.5 star is off the WSW end
[46" from center] and a 16th mag star is at the NE flank. Located 7' SSW of mag 7.6
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1124 = Sw. 8-88 on 28 May 1889 and reported "eeF; vS; vE; 2 pB st. in field n." His RA is 30 seconds too large but the description fits. Stephane Javelle found the galaxy again and recorded J. 1367 as "pB, elongated in p.a. 250°, 30" to 40" length, mag 12-13 stellar nucleus." with an accurate position. Dreyer realized that Javelle's object was the same as IC 1124 and noted this in the IC Notes/Corrections appendix, along with Javelle's accurate position.
Swift VIII,#88. 15hr 28m 21s +23° 49'.1
Confirmed galaxy: This is not an error in the context normally found and I enter it only for the historical significance.
Javelle made an observation some 14 years after Swift and noted the presence of a nebula, (he numbered as J.1367), which he measured from the 7.3Mv star DM+24°2874 resulting in coordinates of 15hr 27m 49s +23° 48'.2 which are at quite some variance with those given by Swift as to RA. However, when this object is examined on the Palomar print there can be no doubt that despite the very inaccurate Swift coordinates this is definitely Swift's object #88 as can be established by reference to his description in which he stated "eeF; vS; vE; 2 pB st. in field n," and the south following of these 2 stars is Javelle's DM+24°2874.
Dreyer obviously concluded that the Javelle observation was a duplicate as he not only equated the two observations (Notes and Corrections to the Index Catalogue 1888-1894. NGC/IC page 377.), but he also has no reference to any identity for J.1367 in his IC II, however, he did employ Swift's coordinates which are in considerable error, fortunately the modern catalogues do not reflect this, rather their coordinates are in keeping with those given by Javelle.
******************************
15 33 05.6 -01 37 42; Ser
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 147°
24" (8/1/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 4:3 ~N-S, ~40"x30", broad weak concentration. The halo appears slightly irregular in shape and brightness. A mag 13 star is 1' NE.
24" (6/23/17): at 260x; fairly faint, oval 3:2 or 5:3
NNW-SSE, ~40"x25", weak concentration but no distinct core. A mag 13.3 star is 1.2' NE. Located 12' WNW of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1125 = J. 2-789 on 10 Jun
1893. His position is on the
northwest side of
Harold Corwin suggests that
******************************
15 34 57.2 +23 30 10; Ser
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7
48" (5/1/19): at 375x; bright, large, contains a large uneven bright core. The halo is irregular with a hint of structure and extends mostly north of the core.
24" (6/16/12): fairly faint to moderately bright,
fairly small, slightly elongated, uneven surface brightness and irregular
appearance, though the core was not resolved into two components. Forms a pair with
17.5" (4/7/89): fairly faint, almost round, even surface brightness. This is an interacting double system with an extremely faint "knot" or extension at the south end [elongated E-W on the POSS]. IC 4554 is a separate galaxy 2.2' SE of the double system observed.
Considered the prototype of a megamaser with 98% of its emission in the infrared. In addition there is a large starburst of young stars.
Truman Safford discovered IC 1127 = Sf. 7 on 4 May
1866. There is nothing at his
position but 1 minute of RA to the west is
******************************
IC 1128 = UGC 9939 = MCG +00-40-004 = CGCG 022-018 = PGC 55648
15 37 52.9 -01 44 07; Ser
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 179°
24" (7/14/20): at 260x and 375x; nearly fairly faint,
fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 25"x18", broad weak concentration to
a slightly brighter round nucleus.
24" (8/1/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 N-S, weak concentration, 30"x24". Brighter and larger of a pair with CGCG 022-017 (2.7' SW), which appeared faint, small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 18"x12", very small brighter nucleus. Located 13' WNW of mag 8.3 HD 139514.
This galaxy is identified as IC 1128 in CGCG, PGC and RC3 but the identification is uncertain and IC 1128 may be duplicate of IC 1125.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1128 = Sw. 8-89 on 28 May 1889 and recorded "pF; pS; R." There is nothing at his position. CGCG (and followed by PGC, RC3 and SIMBAD) identifies UGC 9939 as IC 1128. This galaxy is 11.5' due south of Swift's position but is the brightest galaxy nearby. Corwin questions this identification, though, as Swift should have noticed the companion (CGCG 022-017) 2.7' SW. Instead he suggests IC 1128 is a duplicate observation of IC 1125, nearly 5 minutes of RA to the west and 5' S.
******************************
15 32 00.8 +68 14 47; UMi
V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.85'; PA = 170°
24" (7/20/17): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, roundish, ~40" diameter. Contains a bright, round core. The halo increases in size with averted vision and changes in shape/orientation like low surface brightness spiral arms. A 25" pair of mag 11.7/12.6 stars lie 5' NE.
Edward Swift, son of Lewis Swift, discovered IC 1129 = Sw. 7-57 on 13 Jul 1887. Swift logged "vF; pS; iR; D * nr. nf." The double star is mentioned in my observation.
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15 37 44.0 +17 14 40; Ser
V = 14.8; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 37°
24" (7/28/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, low
surface brightness, elongated ~4:3 SSW-NNE in the direction of a mag 12 star 2'
NNE. Located 4.3' W of mag 8.8 HD
139495.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1130 = Big. 195 on 29 May 1889. His position is accurate.
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15 38 51.7 +12 04 50; Ser
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 153°
24" (6/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round,
18" diameter, broad concentration.
A small trio of 14th magnitude stars is close west, with the galaxy
nearly forming a parallelogram.
Located 8' SE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1131 = J. 1-351 on 29 Jun 1891 and recorded "pretty faint, round, 10" diameter, stellar." Dreyer added "II. 76 [NGC 5970] np." in the IC. Javelle's position is accurate.
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15 40 06.8 +20 40 50; Ser
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.0'
24" (7/20/17): at 322x; fairly faint, moderately large,
at least 60" diameter, fairly low surface brightness, broad weak concentration,
slightly brighter core but no nucleus.
Truman Safford discovered IC 1132 = Sf. 9 on 9 May 1866. His position is 3' too far southwest.
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15 41 12.2 +15 34 22; Ser
V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 130°
17.5" (6/4/94): faint, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, low
even surface brightness. Located
2.1' E of a mag 10 star that detracts from viewing. Picked up 13.6' SSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1133 = J. 1-352 on 1 Jul 1891. His micrometric position is accurate.
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15 44 58.5 +16 57 44; Ser
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 164°
24" (6/28/22): at 263x and 375x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.5'x0.4', diffuse appearance with very weak concentration. A dim star is 1.2' W and a mag 9.5 star is 5' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1134 = J. 1-353 on 1 Jul 1891.
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15 48 32.6 +08 35 17; Ser
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (7/21/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, nearly even surface brightness (moderately high) except for a very small brighter nucleus. A mag 12 star is 1' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1137 = Sw. 9-51 on 19 Apr 1890 and
reported "vF; S; R; 9m * close np." His RA is 8 seconds too small, but the identification is
certain as the brighter star is 1' NW.
Dreyer made a 30 second error in precessing Swift's RA, so the IC
position is 22 seconds of RA too large.
Harold Corwin noted this error in his IC corrections list. LEDA fails to label its
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15 29 26.1 +82 35 02; UMi
Size 0.65'x0.25'; PA = 53°
24" (6/22/17): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated
~3:2 SW-NE, 18"x12".
Brighter
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1139 = Sw. 7-58, along with IC
1143, on 18 Jun 1888 and recorded "eeeF; S; lE; eee diff.; np of 2 [with
IC 1143]." His position is 1'
too far NE, but clearly determines this galaxy. Nevertheless, MCG misidentifies
******************************
15 49 46.9 +12 23 58; Ser
V = 13.9; Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (7/21/17): at 375x and 500x; fairly faint, fairly
small, roundish, 20" diameter, contains a sharp stellar nucleus. A mag 15.5 star is superimposed on the
west side and it was difficult to simultaneously view both the nucleus and the
star. A faint triple star
(components 14.7/15.3/15.9 with sides 11"/14"/16") lies 3'
NW. IC 1141 is located 10' SSE of
mag 6.7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1141 = Sw. 7-60 on 12 Apr 1888 and reported "vF, vS, R.". His RA is 8 seconds too small, but matches in declination.
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15 50 25.9 +18 08 22; Ser
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.75; PA = 160°
24" (6/22/17): at 200x; very faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, low even surface brightness. Located 24' due east of mag 4.1 Kappa (35) Ser.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1142 = J. 1-356 on 27 Jun
1892. There is nothing at his
position but Harold Corwin found that Javelle made a 1 minute error in his RA
offset from his comparison. Once
this is corrected, his position is a good match with
******************************
IC 1143 = UGC 9932 = MCG +14-07-022 = CGCG 366-018 = PGC 55279
15 30 56.0 +82 27 21; UMi
V = 13.2; Size 1.0'x1.0'
24" (6/22/17): moderately bright, small, round. Contains a high surface brightness core ~20" diameter that increases to the center, surrounded by a very low surface brightness halo perhaps 40" diameter. A mag 13 star is 50" SE of center. Brightest in a group with MCG +14-07-020 and -021 ~3' SW. IC 1139 lies 8' NNW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1143 = Sw. 7-59, along with IC 1139, on 18 Jun 1888 and recorded "pF; vS; R; * nr; sf of 2 [with IC 1139]." His position is fairly accurate.
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15 51 21.7 +43 25 04; Her
V = 13.7; Size 0.75'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 107°
24" (7/21/17): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~0.5'x0.4', contains a very small bright nucleus, overall high surface brightness. A mag 10.8 star is 6' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1144 = Sw. 9-52 on 7 Jun 1890. He reported "eeeF; vS; R; 9m * sf." His position is 1.7' too far north, but the identification is certains with a 10th mag. star 6' SE.
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15 44 08.5 +72 25 52; UMi
V = 14.2; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 168°
24" (6/23/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 NNW-SSE, ~0.8'x0.25', broad weak concentration but no
distinct core.
Edward Swift discovered IC 1145 = Sw. 7-61 on 13 Jul 1887
and recorded "eeF; pS; R; Not GC 4146 [NGC 6011]." The published RA is about 2 minutes too
large and the dec 1.5' too large (an error of ~10'), but there are no other
nearby candidates so the identification is fairly secure. Coincidentally, the position is about
17' due north of NGC 6011, though Swift claimed "Not NGC 6011", so he
apparently also viewed this galaxy.
MCG fails to label its
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15 48 22.1 +69 23 08; Dra
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 105°
18" (7/10/10): fairly faint, small, round, 25"
diameter very small bright nucleus.
MCG +12-15-020 = PGC 56091 is extremely faint and small, round, 6" diameter (core only viewed). Situated immediately NNE of a mag 11 star.
Arp 109 consists of the interacting pair
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1146 = Sw. 7-62, along with IC
1147] on 2 Aug 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; R; forms arc of circle with 2
st; sp of 2 [with
******************************
IC 1147 = MCG +12-15-027 = CGCG 338-027 = PGC 56159
15 50 11.7 +69 33 36; Dra
V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (7/20/17): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, round, 25" diameter, weak even concentration, faint stellar
nucleus. Located 5.8' ESE of mag
9.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1147 = Sw. 7-63, along with IC 1146, on 2 Aug 1888 and reported "eeF; S; R; ee diff.; nf of 2 [with IC 1146]." His position is 1.5' too far NW, a similar offset error as IC 1146.
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15 57 08.1 +22 24 16; Ser
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 140°
See observing notes for
Truman Safford discovered IC 1148 = Sf. 10 on 9 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. The discovery list was not published until 1887 so Safford is not credited in the main NGC table. Édouard Stephan independently found the galaxy on 27 Jun 1876, measured an accurate position in his 7th discovery list, #2 (later NGC 6020), and was credited by Dreyer with the discovery. When Dreyer obtained Safford's list, he apparently missed the equivalence with NGC 6020 and catalogued this galaxy again as IC 1148. So, NGC 6020 = IC 1148.
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15 58 08.0 +12 04 13; Ser
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 162°
24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, ~30"x25", slightly brighter core, uneven surface brightness in halo. Located 31' SE of STF 1988, a 2" pair of evenly matched mag 7.6/7.8 stars. The pair was cleanly split at 375x.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1149 on 24 Jun 1878. His uncorrected position was 3.5' to the SW, similar to his other offset errors before the position was reduced. Stephan never published the discovery, though.
Lewis Swift rediscovered IC 1149 on 16 Jun 1892 and reported
in his short discovery list 10A (#8) as "eeF, pS, R, in centre of rhombus
of 4 stars, v diff." IC 1149
is surrounded by several stars, although a trapezoid is a better description. This galaxy is Swift's final catalogued
discovery made in Rochester before moving to Lowe Observatory on Echo Mountain
in Southern California. His first
discovery there was in 1895.
Interestingly, that year he discovered a comet, while searching for
"the last nebula discovered at the Warner Observatory...just prior to the
dismantling of that institution, had never been catalogued or published, so on
the morning of August 21st, the nebula being near the meridian, it occurred to
me to look it up and secure, perhaps, a more accurate position...…I saw to my
astonishment a beautiful comet instead of the expected nebula." The comet's position that night was
close to
Swift reobserved IC 1149 again on 16 Sep 1896 from Echo Mountain and reported it in his 11th discovery list (#182) with a slightly different position (25 seconds of RA too small) and description ("in center of trapezium"), probably to make sure Dreyer didn't miss these discoveries. Howe measured an accurate position in 1900 and suggested Swift's two entries were identical. He described the surrounding stars as a rhomboid [trapezoid] and measured the separations and position angles. All 5 objects Swift recorded as "new" that night were reobservations of objects he found in 1892, when he only reported 8 new objects in a short list between his formal 10th and 11th lists.
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15 58 32.3 +17 26 29; Ser
V = 12.9; Size 2.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 30°
24" (6/22/17): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, oval 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~1.4'x0.6', broad concentration. There is a strong suggestion of spiral structure in the halo with slightly brighter regions or arcs or spiral arms. A 4' pair of double stars (STF 1993/1994) is in the same low power field ~18' ESE; mag 8.6/8.9 at 20" and mag 10.0/12.5 at 17".
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1151 = J. 1-358 on 21 May 1870 using the 31-inch silvered glass reflector at Marseilles Observatory. His unpublished position was 30" W of center (2 seconds of time). For some reason, he didn't measure and publish an accurate micrometric position, so this galaxy didn't receive a NGC designation.
Stephane Javelle rediscovered this galaxy 21 years later on 10 Jul 1891 and included it in his first discovery list (#358, later IC 1151).
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15 56 43.3 +48 05 42; Her
V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x1.0'
24" (7/14/15): fairly bright, moderately large, round,
0.8' diameter, small bright core.
In a group (WBL 596) with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1152 = Sw. 7-65, along with IC 1153, on 4 Jul 1888 and recorded "vF; S; R; sp of 2."
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IC 1153 = UGC 10107 = MCG +08-29-026 = CGCG 250-026 = WBL 596-003 = PGC 56462
15 57 03.0 +48 10 06; Her
V = 12.9; Size 1.2'x1.1'
24" (7/14/15): moderately bright, moderately large,, round, 0.8' diameter, small brighter core. A mag 10.6 star lies 1.3' NE with CGCG 250-027 just north of the star. In a group (WBL 596) with IC 1152 5.5' SW.
CGCG 250-027 appeared faint or fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 E-W. Contains a very small bright nucleus with faint extensions E-W (bar?).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1153 = Sw. 7-66, along with IC 1152, on 4 Jul 1888 and recorded "pF; pS; R; bM, pB * nr nf, nf of 2."
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15 52 28.6 +70 22 31; UMi
V = 13.5; Size 1.8'x1.2'; PA = 142°
24" (7/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint or moderately
bright, round, ~30" diameter, well concentrated with a bright core, faint
stellar nucleus. Flanked by a mag
13 star 1.2' NW and a mag 14.5 star 1.3' S. Located 31' SW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1154 = Sw. 7-64 on 2 Jul 1888 and reported "vF; pS; R." His position is unusually accurate.
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16 00 35.8 +15 41 08; Ser
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5
24" (8/12/18): at 260x; faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, low nearly even surface brightness with a very weak
concentration. Located 3' ENE of a
mag 8 star (
24" (6/13/15): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, 30"x25". A
mag 15.8 star was noted just off the east-southeast edge [34" from
center]. Located 3.1' ENE of mag
7.9
24" (6/28/14): faint to fairly faint, moderately large,
slightly elongated, 40" diameter, weak concentration, fairly low surface
brightness. A mag 15.8 star is
30" SE of center, just off the edge.
Situated 3.2' ENE of mag 7.9 HD 143551, which interferes a bit with
viewing. Member of
17.5" (7/21/90): faint, small, slightly elongated 4:3 NW-SE, even surface brightness. A mag 15.5 star is at the SE end. Located 3.1' ENE of a mag 8 SAO 101868. IC 1161 lies 12' ESE. Member of AGC 2147.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1155 = J. I-359, along with
ICs 1150, 1157, 1160, 1163 and 1165, on 1 Aug 1891. His position matches
******************************
16 00 37.4 +19 43 23; Her
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.9'
24" (7/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30"-35" diameter. Contains a fairly high surface brightness core and a thin halo. A very faint mag 15.5 star is superimposed on the south side and a mag 14 star is 1.3' SSW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1156 = Sw. 7-67 on 15 Jun 1888 and reported "eeF; pS; lE; triangled with 2 nr. st. n[orth]." His position is accurate, though I assume he is referring to the mag 11 star north and the mag 10 star due west.
******************************
16 00 56.3 +15 31 35; Ser
V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.35'; PA = 135°
24" (6/13/15): at 375x; faint, elongated 5:2 NW-SE,
25"x10", low even surface brightness. In AGC 2147 with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1157 = J. I-360, along with
ICs 1155, 1160, 1161, 1163 and 1165, on 1 Aug 1891. His position matches
******************************
16 01 34.1 +01 42 28; Ser
V = 12.6; Size 2.5'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 137°
17.5" (6/11/88): very faint, large, diffuse oval NW-SE. Several stars are nearby north and south including a mag 12 star 3.1' NE.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1158 = Sw. 10-33 on 7 July 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. While searching for Wolf's comet of 1884 he found a nebula described in his logbook as "vF, R, 1' dia, very gradually brighter middle, an 8m star 22' exactly following." His rough position (no offsets) and the description clearly applies to this galaxy. Barnard found it again less than a month later (4 Aug), looking for d'Arrest's Comet! Lewis Swift made an independent discovery on 17 July and reported the discovery in his 10th list. Barnard never published the discovery or informed Dreyer, so Swift is credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
IC 1160 = MCG +03-41-032 = CGCG 108-051 = WBL 600-002 = PGC 56683
16 01 02.5 +15 29 41; Ser
V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 140°
24" (6/13/15): very faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 18"x12". This member of AGC 2147 is situated 2.5' SE of slightly brighter IC 1157 and 6.8' WSW of brighter IC 1163.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1160 = J. 362, along with ICs 1155, 1157, 1161, 1163 and 1165, on 1 Aug 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 1161 = MCG +03-41-036 = CGCG 108-054 = PGC 56695
16 01 16.8 +15 38 43; Ser
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.7
24" (6/13/15): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, slightly brighter nucleus, ~22"x18". IC 1155 is 10' WNW, IC 1163 is 9' SSE, IC 1157 is 9' SW, IC 1160 is 10' SSW.
24" (6/28/14): fairly faint, small, round, 20", fairly high surface brightness, weak concentration.
17.5" (7/21/90): very faint, very small, slightly elongated, small bright core. Forms a pair with IC 1155 12' WNW in AGC 2147.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1161 = J. I-363, along with
ICs 1155, 1157, 1160, 1163 and 1165, on 1 Aug 1891. His position matches
******************************
16 01 16.3 +17 40 40; Her
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 161°
24" (6/22/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 18" diameter, low surface brightness, no noticeable core. Located 8' due south of 5.1-magnitude 5 Her. The view was significantly improved with the bright star placed outside the field.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1162 = J. 1-364 on 27 Jun 1892 and recorded "very faint, very small, round, difficult. Another suspected nearby." His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 1163 = MCG +03-41-039 = CGCG 108-060 = WBL 600-003 = PGC 56717
16 01 30.5 +15 30 14; Ser
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (6/13/15): faint to fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. IC 1160 lies 7' WSW, IC 1157 is 8.4' WNW, IC 1161 is 9.2' NNW. Member of AGC 2147.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1163 = J. I-365, along with
ICs 1155, 1157, 1160, 1161 and 1165, on 1 Aug 1891. His position matches
******************************
16 02 08.2 +15 41 38; Her
V = 13.7; Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (6/13/15): at 375x; the brighter northwest
component (
24" (6/28/14): at 375x and 500x, the main component (VV 90a) of this merged double system appeared fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, contains a stellar nucleus. The fainter companion (VV 90b) is attached at the south edge, and appears as a very faint, quasi-stellar knot [nucleus of the galaxy], ~5" diameter. Overall, the combined merged glow is ~30"x20", oriented NNW-SSE, containing two stellar nuclei. Member of AGC 2147.
17.5" (7/21/90): faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated N-S, weak concentration.
Three mag 13 stars almost collinear in a 3.5' string NW-SE located about
2' W. This is a merged double
system that was not resolved.
Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1165 = J. I-366, along
with ICs 1155, 1157, 1160, 1161
and 1163, on 1 Aug 1891. His
position matches
******************************
16 02 08.9 +26 19 38; CrB
Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 0°
24" (6/29/22): IC 1166 is a small, interacting pair over 950 million l.y. distant, with the centers separated by just 15" N-S. At 327x, a faint elongated glow was visible just 0.5' W of a mag 15 star. At 375x, the glow was irregular and the northern nucleus could be seen. The southern galaxy generally appeared as a very low surface brightness extension but occasionally it barely resolved into a separate glow. A mag 9.5 star is 4.5' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1166 on 28 Jul 1892. This is a double system and according to Harold Corwin, his position falls between the two galaxies.
******************************
16 03 52.8 +14 56 47; Ser
V = 14.7; Size 0.5'x0.5'
18" (7/12/10): very faint, very small, round, 12"
diameter. First in a group of
galaxies including
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1167 = J. 1-368 on 8 Jul 1891.
******************************
IC 1168 = MCG +03-41-066 = CGCG 108-090N = PGC 56901
16 03 55.7 +14 54 09; Ser
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.45'
18" (7/12/10): very faint, very small, round, 15"
galaxy. Located just south of a
trio of mag 12/13/14 stars and 3.7' NW of a mag 10 star. IC 1167 lies 2.7' NNW and the UGC
10164/10169 lies 10' SE. The
companion just off the southeast edge (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1168 = J. 1-369 on 19 Jul 1891 and recorded "pF, vS, iF, 3 F st north. Possibly double." As Javelle suspected, this galaxy is double with a companion off the southeast edge.
******************************
16 04 13.4 +13 44 38; Ser
V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 10°
24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly oval 4:3 N-S, 35"x25", sharply concentrated with a small intense nucleus and a fairly small diffuse halo.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1169 = Sw. 7-68 = Sw. 8-90 on 16 May 1888 and reported "eF; eS; R; stellar nearly bet. 2 distant F st." The two distant stars in his description may be 4.8' due N and 5.6' S. He probably found this galaxy again on 28 May 1889 and reported it as new in his 8th list with description "eF; vS; stellar; pB * n little f[ollowing]." His position was 3.6' too far NE, but the star 4.8' N matches.
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16 04 31.7 +17 43 17; Her
V = 16.5; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 84°
24" (6/4/16): at 322x; very faint, small, elongated 3:1
E-W, 20"x6". Located
1.0' of the double system
17.5" (5/13/88): extremely faint and small, elongated
E-W, required averted vision. Located
just 1.0' W of the
17.5" (3/23/85): at visual threshold, extremely small. Just visible momentarily 0.9' W of NGC 6041.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1170 = J. 1-370 on 27 Jun 1892.
******************************
16 04 59.7 +17 52 13; Her
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0
24" (8/1/19): at 322x; faint, small, round, 20"
diameter, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 13 star is 1.4' WSW.
17.5" (5/13/88): very faint, very small, round. A mag 14 star lies 1.4' WSW. Located 5.6' N of
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1172 = Big. 199 on 8 Jun
1888. Harold Corwin notes his
"position and description are exactly that of
******************************
16 05 12.6 +17 25 22; Her
V = 14.7; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 55°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; faint, fairly small, oval 3:2
or 5:3 SW-NE, 25"x15", low surface brightness with no noticeable core
or nucleus. A mag 12 star is 2'
SSE.
17.5" (6/8/96): extremely faint, very small, round,
15" diameter, low even surface brightness. Forms western vertex of a triangle with two mag 11 and 12
stars 2.2' SSE and 3.1' NE.
Located 20' S of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1173 = J. 1-371 on 15 Aug 1892. His position is 0.7' too far south-southeast.
******************************
16 05 26.8 +15 01 31; Ser
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.75'; PA = 50°
24" (6/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, 40"x32", broad
concentration. No distinct core
but a slightly brighter nucleus with direct vision. Picked up 18' NE
of the
18" (7/12/10): this surprisingly bright IC galaxy appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter. Increases steadily to the center. Arp 101 (UGC 10164 + UGC 10169) lies 18' SW.
Truman Safford discovered IC 1174 = Sf. 77 on 26 Apr 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He recorded "pF, S, bM, N = 12.5m." and his position is accurate.
******************************
16 05 31.3 +17 57 49; Her
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 56°
18" (7/13/07): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, broad and very weak concentration.
17.5" (5/13/88): faint, small, round, broad
concentration. Forms a pair with
Lewis Swift found IC 1176 = Sw. 7-69 on 8 Jun 1888 and
recorded "eeF; pS iR; 2 pB star near south." His position is a good match with NGC
6056, which Swift had discovered exactly two years earlier! The positions for Swift's two
observations are nearly identical and his description of VII-69 clearly applies
to
CGCG and MCG label this galaxy as IC 1176, though the NGC designation should apply by prior discovery.
******************************
16 05 19.8 +18 18 55; Her
V = 15.5; Size 0.5'x0.35'; PA = 164°
24" (7/1/22): at 327x; very faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S, 0.3' diameter, low even surface brightness. Member of the Hercules Galaxy Cluster (AGC 2151) and situated on the north side of the cluster.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1177 = Big. 201 on 8 Jun 1888 and reported "mag 13.5. Located near 3111 BD -18°, at 345°, d = 4'." This galaxy is located 3.4' in PA 339° from his offset star (based on the POSS1 image), so is a good match with his estimate, though I'm frankly amazed he apparently picked it up in a 12.4" refractor.
******************************
16 05 33.1 +17 36 05; Her
V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.9
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
oval 5:4 or 4:3, ~40"x25".
Sharply concentrated with a small high surface brightness core and a low
surface brightness halo with averted vision. Forms an interacting pair (
17.5" (5/13/88): faint, small, round, bright core. Brighter of a close pair with IC 1181 20" SE. Located 12' S of IC 1182 in AGC 2151.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1178 = Sw. 7-70, along with IC
1181, on 3 Jun 1888 and noted "eeeF; pS; bet 2 st. 10th of 12." His position is 2' west of Arp 172 and
IC 1178 is generally assumed to be the northwest member of this close pair,
with IC 1181 the southeast member.
Although this galaxy lies between 2 stars, his comment can be made to
apply to most galaxies. Corwin
states that "Swift's position is not very good, and the fact that he does
not mention either object in his description of the other, casts some doubt on
the identification." Gerard
de Vaucouleurs called this galaxy
******************************
16 05 23.4 +17 45 32; Her
V = 14.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 132°
48" (5/15/12): this number is generally taken as the
fainter, southwest component of the interacting and connected pair
Lewis Swift found IC 1179 = Sw. 7-71 on 3 Jun 1888 and
recorded "eeeF; pS; R. 11th
of 12." His position falls
very close to the merged double system NGC 6050, discovered by Swift on 27 Jun
1886, and catalogued in his 4th discovery paper (#26). PGC, SIMBAD and HyperLeda assign IC
1179 to the much fainter southwest component (
******************************
IC 1181 = Arp 172 NED2 = VV 194b = UGC 10189 = MCG +03-41-098 = CGCG 108-120s = PGC 57063
16 05 33.8 +17 35 37; Her
V = 14.8; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 58°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 12" diameter [core of the galaxy only]. Fainter component of an interacting pair (Arp 172) with brighter IC 1178 30" NNW.
17.5" (5/13/88): extremely faint and small, possibly elongated. Forms a very close pair 20" SE of IC 1178 in AGC 2151.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1181 = Sw. 7-72, along with IC
1178, on 3 Jun 1888 and noted "eeeF; S; R. 12th of 12."
His position is a good match with
******************************
16 05 36.8 +17 48 08; Her
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 80°
48" (5/5/16): at 488x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, contains a bright core that increases to the center. A mag 14 star is 1.3' W and a mag 17.8 star was occasionally visible [34"] east.
The brightest knot or condensation (likely a tidal dwarf galaxy) in the tidal tail was faintly visible 1.2' due east of IC 1182. It was generally visible as a very faint, small glow, slightly elongated E-W, ~10"x7". NED identifies this galaxy as IC 1182:[S72] d from the 1972 paper by Alan Stockton titled "Blue Condensations Associated with Elliptical and S0 Galaxies". This "knot" formed the western vertex of an obtuse isosceles triangle with a mag 17 star 40" NE and a mag 15 star 40" SE. The portion of the tidal tail extending directly out of IC 1182 (past the mag 17.8 star) was not seen.
48" (5/15/12): fairly faint to moderately bright, small, irregularly round, ~20" diameter, brighter nucleus. Located 1.4' E of a mag 14.3 star. Similar NGC 6054 lies 2.0' S. The jet extending out of the east side of the galaxy and the blue knots 1.2' E were not noticed (though not looked for).
17.5" (5/13/88): very faint, very small, slightly
elongated. Situated between two
mag 14.5 stars 1.4' W of center and a mag 15 star following. Easier than
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1182 = J. 1-372 on 11 Aug
1892. According to Harold Corwin
in his
******************************
IC 1183 = NGC 6054 = MCG +03-41-103 = CGCG 108-128 = PGC 57086
16 05 38.1 +17 46 04; Her
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 70°
48" (5/15/12): fairly faint to moderately bright,
small, oval 4:3 WSW-ENE, 20"x15". Located 1.0' NE of a mag 12.6 star with a mag 16 star 1'
S. Brighter IC 1182 lies 2.1' NNW,
fainter
17.5" (5/13/88): very faint, very small, slightly elongated. Located 1.0' NE of a mag 12.5 star. An extremely faint galaxy (MCG +03-41-099) is 1.5' W with IC 1182 2.1' NNW. Member of AGC 2151.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1183 = Big. 203 = J. 372a on 1
Jun 1888. Stephane Javelle picked
it up again on 11 Aug 1892, as well as IC 1182. But the original discovery was made by Lewis Swift on 27 Jun
1886, along with several other members of the Hercules Galaxy Cluster. His description for Sw. 4-27 (later NGC
6054) reads "eeeF; pS; lE; f * v nr sp; 9th of 10." His position is 13 seconds west of CGCG
108-128 = PGC 57073 (similar offset as NGC 6043, 6045, 6047, 6050) and his
comment "faint star very near south-preceding" applies (the star is
1' southwest). So, NGC 6054 = IC
1183. Due to Swift's poor position
MCG, PGC and RNGC misidentify
******************************
IC 1185 = MCG +03-41-110 = CGCG 108-134 = PGC 57096
16 05 44.7 +17 43 01; Her
V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 8°
48" (4/5/13): bright, moderately large, oval 4:3 N-S, ~28"x21", small bright core. NGC 6054 lies 3.4' NNW. A mag 15 star is 1' SE.
17.5" (5/13/88): faint, small, round, small bright core. A mag 15 star lies 1.1' SE of center. Located 5.4' SSE of IC 1182 in the core of AGC 2151.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1185 = Big. 205 on 8 Jun 1888 and noted "star 13.3 accompanied with nebulosity of 20" diameter." His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 1186 = MCG +03-41-111 = CGCG 108-133 = PGC 57095
16 05 44.2 +17 21 44; Her
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 5°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
oval 3:2 N-S, 30"x20". A
fairly prominent string of 4 stars oriented SW-NE is just following. IC 1173 lies 8.4' NW and
17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20", low even surface brightness. Located in the southern section of AGC 2151 just preceding a striking elongated group of 10 mag 9-13 star oriented SW-NE. IC 1173 lies 8.4' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1186 = J. 1-373 on 15 Aug
1892. His position is off the
southeast side (similar offset error as other galaxies). CGCG doesn't recognize
******************************
16 06 07.3 +17 27 39; Her
V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 7°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 15" diameter, quasi-stellar nucleus. Located 12' SE of IC 1178 in the southern part of the core of AGC 2151.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1188 = J. 1-374 on 15 Aug
1892. His position is
accurate. This is a double system
and NED identifes the brighter northwest component as
******************************
16 06 14.8 +18 10 58; Her
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 179°
24" (8/1/19): at 324x; fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated N-S, 25"x20", very small brighter nucleus. A mag 10.5 star is 1.3' N with three
other galaxies (
24" (6/14/15): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~21"x14", very small bright nucleus. Located 4' S of brighter NGC 6061 and between a mag 10.6 star 1.3' N and a mag 11 star 2' SSW.
18" (7/13/07): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located 4' S of NGC 6061 and situated between a mag 10.5 star 1.2' N and a mag 11.5 star 2.1' SSW.
17.5" (6/14/96): extremely faint and small, round,
10" diameter. Can almost hold
steadily with averted vision.
Located 1.2' S of a mag 10 star in AGC 2151. Brighter NGC 6061 is 4' N and
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1189 = Sw. 7-73 on 7 Jun 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; iR; bet. 2 st." His RA is 5 seconds too small, but the comment "bet 2 st[ars]" clinches the identification.
******************************
16 05 52.4 +18 13 14; Her
V = 14.7; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 120°
24" (8/1/19): at 324x; faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 30"x15", weak concentration. In a group of 4 galaxies with CGCG 108-139 2.3' SE.
24" (6/14/15): at 375x; very faint to faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 0.5'x0.2', low even surface brightness. Located 6' WSW of NGC 6061. A mag 10.5 is near the midpoint between the two galaxies.
18" (7/13/07): extremely faint, fairly small, very low even surface brightness, edge-on 7:2 WSW-ESE, 40"x12". Located 2.9' WSW of a mag 10.5 star. MCG +03-41-115 lies 2.5' SE.
17.5" (6/14/96): extremely faint, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 30"x20", low even surface brightness. Located 3' W of a mag 10.5 star and 6' SW of NGC 6061 in the northeast portion of AGC 2151. Similar MCG +03-41-115 lies 2.4' SE.
17.5" (5/28/89): extremely faint, fairly small, very diffuse. Located 5.9' WSW of NGC 6061 within AGC 2151. MCG +3-41-115 = CGCG 108-139 2.4' SE not seen.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1190 = Sw. 7-74 on 7 Jun 1888 and
recorded "eeeF; S; R; another [
******************************
16 06 28.7 +18 16 04; Her
Size 0.5'x0.1'; PA = 164°
24" (6/14/15): very faint, small, 18" diameter, no structure (not seen as double). Located 3.3' NE of NGC 6061 in the north section of AGC 2151.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1191 = Sw. 7-75 on 7 Jun 1888 and recorded "eeeF; S; lE; another [IC 1190] and [NGC] 6061 nr in line." Although his position for IC 1190 is poor, his position for IC 1191 is just 7 seconds of RA too small. Harold Corwin gives the dimensions of the brighter component as 27"x7" in PASP, Vol 83 and notes "IC 1191 is also a double object similar to IC 1188 (separation = 11 arcseconds). The fainter companion lies at R.A. 16h 04m 14.8s, +18° 24' 6'' (1950)."
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16 06 33.1 +17 46 32; Her
V = 15.3; Size 0.8'x0.3'; PA = 114°
24" (7/9/13): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1
WNW-ESE, 0.4'x0.2'. Forms the west
vertex of a small equilateral triangle with
17.5" (6/8/96): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Located 1.7' NW of brighter IC 1194 at the east end of AGC 2151.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1192 = J. 1-375, along with
******************************
16 06 32.2 +17 42 50; Her
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 2°
24" (7/9/13): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3
N-S, ~20"x12", weak concentration. Forms a close pair with
17.5" (6/8/96): extremely faint, very small. Appears double or companion very close? Furthest south in trio with IC 1194 3.3' NE and IC 1192 3.7' N at the east end of AGC 2151.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1193 = J. 1-376, along with IC 1192 and 1194, on 13 Aug 1892. His position is nearly 1' too far north -- an unusually large error as his position for IC 1192 is accurate.
******************************
IC 1194 = MCG +03-41-128 = CGCG 108-152 = PGC 57172
16 06 39.3 +17 45 40; Her
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 20°
24" (7/9/13): at 282x this AGC 2151 member appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, 20" diameter, gradually increases to the center. Brightest in a small trio with IC 1192 1.7' NW and IC 1194A = PGC 84742 1.3' N. Also nearby is IC 1193 3.3' SSW.
IC 1194A is located at Javelle's position for IC 1194, not the brighter galaxy 80" S (described above) that is generally assumed to be IC 1194. It's possible Javelle assumed the brighter galaxy was a star, though it was clearly nonstellar in my scope at 282x. IC 1194A appeared faint to fairly faint, very small, round, 12" diameter.
17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, round. Brightest in a trio with IC 1192 1.7' NW and IC 1193 3.3' SW at the east end of AGC 2151.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1194 = J. 1-377, along with
IC 1192 and 1193, on 13 Aug 1892.
His position is a good match with the fainter lenticular 1.4' NE of IC
1192, which is commonly identified as IC 1194A = PGC 84742. His position is also 1' north of the
brighter elliptical (
Corwin comments that "Perhaps he mistook the brighter object as a star, though it should have been clearly nebulous in the Nice 28-inch." Malcolm Thomson and Corwin both identify IC 1194 = PGC 84742 based on the positional match, though the data here is for CGCG 108-152 as I'm not convinced.
******************************
16 06 40.9 +17 11 30; Her
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 30"x20". Following a parallelogram of four mag 10-12 stars (closest is 2.0' SW) at the SE edge of AGC 2151.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1195 = J. 1-378 on 23 Jun 1892.
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16 07 58.3 +10 46 46; Ser
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 4°
24" (7/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 N-S, ~40"x24", brighter core. The surface brightness is slightly patchy and the outer extensions [spiral arms] increase in length with averted. Situated 2.4' NW of mag 9.3 SAO 101948. A mag 13.7/15.5 pair of stars at ~20" separation is 1' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1196 = Sw. 7-76 on 7 Apr 1888 and reported "eeeF; nr. p[receding] * of 3 in a line." His position and description matches this galaxy, though Howe apparently missed the nearest and faintest of the 3 stars (MN, Nov. 1900).
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16 08 17.3 +07 32 19; Ser
V = 13.7; Size 3.0'x0.45'; PA = 56°
24" (6/16/12): faint to fairly faint, fairly large thin edge-on 6:1 SW-NE, 1.8'x0.3', broad concentration, very slightly bulging center and tapering tips.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1197 on 14 Jul 1890 with the
Vienna 27-inch refractor. His
micrometric position in AN 2993 matches
******************************
16 08 36.4 +12 19 51; Ser
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 111°
24" (7/1/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 30" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Located 12' ESE of mag 7.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1198 = J. 1-379 on 29 Jun 1891. He noted "faint, very small, round, 13th mag nucleus." and measured an accurate position.
******************************
16 10 34.3 +10 02 25; Ser
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 158°
24" (6/14/15): fairly faint, very elongated 3:1
NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.3', slightly brighter along the major axis. Located just 2' W of mag 7.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1199 = Sw. 9-55 on 28 Jun 1890. He recorded "eeF; S; E; p. DM +10°2969, 9s; ee diff. in consequence of proximity to the star. Found searching for D'Arrest Comet." E.E. Barnard also found it just a few nights later (4 Jul 1890), also while searching for the comet. He made a simple sketch showing the nearby stars and his computed position (using the bright star) is an exact match. In his logbook entry for 7 Jul, he noted "Swift in looking for d'Arrest's Comet reports finding a new nebula 9s p (on same parallel) the 9.5m star DM +10°2969 and says it is the faintest neb he has ever seen."
******************************
16 04 29.0 +69 40 05; UMi
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 150°
17.5" (3/28/87): fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated, brighter core. A mag 14
star is 1.1' SSE. Forms a pair
with
Lewis Swift found IC 1200 = Sw. 7-77 on 2 Aug 1888 and
recorded "pF pS; lE; *12 mag p close s; sp of 2 [with IC 1201]." His
position matches
******************************
IC 1201 = UGC 10221 = MCG +12-15-051 = CGCG 338-044 = PGC 57104
16 05 41.8 +69 35 37; UMi
V = 14.7; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 118°
17.5" (4/18/87): extremely faint, small, edge-on NW-SE, difficult with averted vision. Located 7.7' SE of NGC 6079 on the Ursa Minor-Draco border.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1201 = Sw. 7-78 on 2 Aug 1888 and logged "eeeF; pS; iR; eee diff.; double star nr points to it; nf of 2 [with IC 1200]." The double star is probably the pair 3' northwest. The second galaxy IC 1200 is NGC 6079, although it is north-preceding, so IC 1201 is the "sf of 2".
******************************
16 12 56.8 +09 52 02; Her
V = 13.1; Size 1.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 131°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1202 = Sw. 7-79 on 7 Apr 1888 and
recorded "eF; pS; R."
His position matches
******************************
16 07 15.5 +69 55 53; UMi
Size 0.9'x0.3'; PA = 64°
24" (6/14/15): faint to fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, 0.6'x0.2', brighter core but no nucleus. Forms a pair with brighter
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1204 = Big. 207 on 25 Mar 1889 and logged "mag 13.4-13.5; 20" diameter; stellar nucleus, a star mag 11 in pa 100° [ESE], distance = 3'." His Comptes Rendus position (used in the IC 1) is 19' too far south, but the position was corrected in the IC 2 Notes. The CGCG and MCG ignore the IC designation, which is not in doubt. See Corwin's notes for more.
******************************
16 14 15.9 +09 32 14; Her
V = 13.9; Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (7/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, round, 0.4'
diameter, slightly brighter core appears slightly elongated N-S [SDSS reveals a
central bar oriented N-S].
Situated 2.3' E of mag 8.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1205 = Sw. 7-80 on 8 Apr 1888. He reported "eF; S; lE; B * p[receding]." His position is just 1.7' too far southeast and the identication is certain based on the comment "B * p".
******************************
16 15 13.1 +11 17 51; Her
V = 14.2; Size 1.2'x0.75'; PA = 2°
24" (7/18/17): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.5'x0.4'. Contains a stellar nucleus surrounded by the core of the galaxy. An extremely low surface brightness outer halo was suspected. A mag 10.5 star is 4' NE. Located 12' SSE of mag 7.6 13 Herculi and 14' SW of mag 7.3 15 Herculi.
IC 1206 forms a close pair (similar redshifts) with CGCG 079-086 just 1.3' SSW of center. The companion was very faint, small, round, low surface brightness, 12"-15" diameter. A mag 16 star is close off its west edge [20" from center].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1206 = Sw. 7-81 = Big. 208 on 3
Jun 1888 and reported "eF; S; R." His position is just off the northwest edge of
******************************
16 15 47.9 +36 31 38; CrB
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 95°
24" (6/12/15 and 7/18/15): fairly faint, elongated 3:1
E-W, 30"x10", very small bright nucleus. Located just 1.8' SSW of mag 7.0
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 1208 on 21 May 1890 with the 36-inch refractor at Lick Observatory while examining mag 7.0 HD 146639. He measured micrometric offsets from the star (also on 25 May) and published the results in AN, 127 [3048], 426 (1891) as well as Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol II, 1894.
******************************
16 18 39.6 +15 33 30; Her
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.8'; PA = 4°
24" (7/18/17): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 40"x30", well concentrated with a bright core and stellar nucleus. The outer halo is quite faint and doesn't have a distinct edge. A bright wide double (8.7/10.0 at 35") is 2.6' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1209 = J. 1-380 on 19 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
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16 14 30.2 +62 32 12; Dra
V = 13.7; Size 1.5'x0.4'; PA = 168°
24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:3 NNW-SSE, ~40"x25". Occasionally there appeared to be an extremely faint star or
knot near the south end. Located
25' WNW of mag 7.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1210 = Sw. 9-58 on 7 Jun 1888 and
reported it as "vF; vS; lE; r."
******************************
16 16 52.0 +53 00 22; Dra
V = 12.8; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 42°
24" (6/22/17): at 375x moderately bright, fairly small, roundish. Sharply concentrated with a prominent core and a much fainter halo 30"-40" diameter. Located 17' SE of mag 6.9 Theta (13) Draconis.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1211 = Sw. 8-91 on 27 May 1889 and
recorded, "pB, vS, R, bM."
His position is a good match with
******************************
16 15 30.8 +64 13 29; Dra
Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round,
30" diameter, sharp concentration with a very small bright nucleus. A mag
15.5 star is at the northwest edge of the halo. Located 6' SW of mag 8.6
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1212 = Sw. 9-60 on 22 Jun 1889 and reported "eeF; pS; R; 3 st in a line n., most distant D[double]." His position and description is a match with this galaxy.
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16 22 10.2 -01 30 54; Oph
V = 12.8; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8
17.5" (7/24/95): fairly faint, small, round, 30" diameter. Moderate concentration with a very small bright core which stands out well surrounded by a small halo. Preceded by three mag 13 and 14 stars within 3'. Located 9' NW of a mag 10 star and 11' NE of a similar star. Incorrectly listed as nonexistent in RNGC. Identified as IC 1213 in UGC, MCG.
Lewis Swift found IC 1213 = Sw. 9-61 on 19 Apr 1890 and
reported "F; vS; R." His
RA is 9 seconds too small. This
galaxy was first catalogued as
******************************
16 16 11.7 +65 58 08; Dra
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 17°
24" (7/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, 20"x15", stellar nucleus, fairly high surface brightness. Closeby are two stars; a mag 14 star is 0.6' W of center and a mag 15 star [western component of a faint pair] is 0.4' N.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1214 = Sw. 7-83 on 2 Jul 1888 and
reported "eF; S; R; F * close p.
2nd of 4 [with
******************************
IC 1215 = UGC 10315 = MCG +11-20-009a = CGCG 320-017 = CGCG 338-049 = Kaz 65 = PGC 57638
16 15 35.1 +68 23 52; Dra
V = 13.2; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 10°
24" (6/14/15): first and brightest in a trio with IC
1216 and
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1215 = Sw. 7-82 on 2 Jul 1888 and recorded "vF; S; R." He later added "1st of 4.", though IC 1214 is not nearby. This error was corrected to "1st of 3 [with IC 1216 and 1218]" in a short errata table to his 8th list.
******************************
IC 1216 = UGC 10326 = MCG +11-20-010 = CGCG 320-021 = CGCG 338-050 = PGC 57664
16 15 55.4 +68 21 00; Dra
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8
24" (6/14/15): second and faintest in a trio with IC 1215 3.4' NW and IC 1218 10' SSE. Faint to fairly faint, elongated 3:2, ~30"x20", low surface brightness with no significant core.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1216 = Sw. 7-84 on 2 Aug 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; eee diff; 3rd of 4." His position is accurate. In a short errate table to his 8th lists he made the correction "for: 3rd of 4 read: 2nd of 3 [with IC 1215 and 1218].."
******************************
IC 1218 = MCG +11-20-011 = CGCG 320-022 = Kaz 69 = PGC 57699
16 16 37.1 +68 12 10; Dra
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 58°
24" (6/14/15): fairly faint, elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.2', brighter core. Third of three with IC 1216 10' NNW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1218 = Sw. 7-86 on 2 Jul 1888 and recorded "vF; pS; lE, 4th of 4." In a short errata table to his 8th list, he made the correction "3rd of 3 [with IC 1216 and 1218]".
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16 24 27.4 +19 28 57; Her
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 122°
24" (8/12/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 24"x15", occasional faint stellar
nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is 1' E.
Situated 2.7' SW of mag 8.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1219 = J. 1-381 on 22 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
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16 29 38.3 +08 27 03; Her
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.9'
24" (7/18/17): fairly faint, fairly small, round, small
bright core, ~24" diameter.
Located 12.5' ENE of mag 7.7
CGCG 052-028 appeared very faint, small, probably elongated 2:1 N-S, ~20"x10", very small core and sharp stellar nucleus. A 14th mag star is off the NW edge [23" from center]. LEDA 3091631 was just a very small, faint glow, 10" diameter. A mag 12.5 star is 1' E. UGC 10414 was faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, low even surface brightness. Between a mag 13 star 1.7' N and a mag 14 star 1.3' S. UGC 10416 was faint to fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, 0.5'x0.4'. Situated in the exact center of an isosceles triangle of 3 mag 11 stars 2.8' NNW, 2.9' SSW and 3.2' ESE. The latter galaxy was actually discovered by E.E. Barnard but never published or reported to Dreyer, so it didn't receive an IC designation.
24" (8/5/13): fairly faint, fairly small, round. Well concentrated with a 15" bright core that gradually increases to an occasional very faint stellar nucleus. The core is surrounded by a thin low surface brightness halo ~24" diameter. Situated 12.5' ENE of mag 7.7 HD 148591. CGCG 052-028 lies 5.5' SW.
Édouard Stephan probably discovered IC 1220 = Sw. 10-34 on 3 Apr 1870. His rough unpublished position is 5' to the ENE. Apparently he never measured or at least published a micrometric position.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1220 again on 18 May 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He simply noted "pF, S", but his offsets from mag 7.7 HD 148591 of +50 seconds in RA and ~+2.8' in Dec point directly to this galaxy. Barnard never published his discovery or informed Dreyer. Finally, Lewis Swift also discovered IC 1220 just 2 months later on 21 Jul 1890 and recorded "eeF; pS; E." His RA (10th discovery list, #34) was 15 seconds of time too small, though Dreyer's IC position was off by 25 seconds of time. Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC, though he was the third to find IC 1220. CGCG (052-030) and MCG (+01-42-005) don't label their catalogue entries as IC 1220, probably due to the poor IC position.
******************************
16 34 41.6 +46 23 31; Her
V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8
18" (7/12/10): fairly faint, moderately large, slightly
elongated, ~40"x35", very weak concentration. A nice string of stars is SE with the
closest mag 13 star 4' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1221 = Sw. 10-35, along with IC 1222, on 10 Jul 1890 and logged "eeF; pS; E; p of 2 [with IC 1222]."
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IC 1222 = Arp 73 = UGC 10461 = MCG +08-30-032 = CGCG 251-031 = PGC 58544
16 35 09.2 +46 12 50; Her
V = 13.4; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 50°
18" (7/12/10): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, brighter along the major axis [DSS shows this to be the "bar" of a two-armed barred spiral. A group of 4 stars is west-southwest. Forms a pair with IC 1221 11' NNW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1222 = Sw. 10-36, along with IC 1221, on 10 Jul 1890 and logged "eeF; pL; R; f of 2 [with IC 1221]."
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16 35 42.5 +49 13 14; Her
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 19°
24" (7/20/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.4', slightly brighter core. Situated between a mag 12 star 2.9' WNW and a mag 13.5 star 2.0' ESE. Located 6' N of a brighter mag 10.5 star.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1223 = Sw. 10-37 on 11 Jul 1890 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; bet. 2 distant F st; B * with very distant com[panion] s[outh]." His position is 4' too far northwest, but his description is a perfect match.
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16 42 56.3 +19 15 16; Her
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 90°
14.5" (8/20/22): at 226x; faint to fairly faint (visible continuously), slightly elongated, 0.4' diameter, very small brighter core, occasional stellar nucleus. A mag 12.2 star is 1' S and a mag 13.5 star is 2.3' S.
24" (6/30/22): at 327x; fairly faint, slightly elongated 5:4 or 4:3 E-W, at most 30" diameter, well concentrated. A mag 12 star is 1' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1224 = J. 1-382 on 19 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
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16 36 52.5 +67 37 46; Dra
V = 14.5; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 72°
24" (7/20/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, edge-on 3:1 or 7:2 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.2', very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 15 star is at the WSW tip and another 15th mag star is 30" N of center.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1225 = Sw. 9-62 on 24 Jul 1889 and reported "eeeF; vS; 2 or 3 vF st. inv.; * nr p[receding]." His position is off the east edge of the galaxy and the description is appropriate.
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16 41 06.6 +46 00 15; Her
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 53°
24" (7/20/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20"-24" diameter, broad weak concentration though no well defined nucleus. A very distinctive curving string of 4 equally spaced stars extends to the southwest, with the galaxy perfectly fitting the curve.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1226 = Sw. 10-38 on 11 Jul 1890 and reported "eF; S; R; forms arc of circle with 4 stars." The 4 stars are the ones noted in my description. The IC references Swift's 9th paper instead of his 10th.
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16 40 08.1 +58 37 02; Dra
V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1227 = Big. 210 on 13 Aug 1888 while searching for NGC 6206 at Swift's poor position. Bigourdan later realized the object he recorded was equivalent to NGC 6206 (corrected in Comptes Rendus, 1 Jul 1901). Dreyer repeated NGC 6206 = IC 1227 in the IC 2 Notes. See Corwin's notes on IC 1227 for the full story.
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16 42 06.5 +65 35 08; Dra
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 122°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint or moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, ~45"x15". This description applies to the bright central bar of this spiral. Sometimes I could glimpse the root of the spiral arms as curved ends of the bar, particularly at the northwest end. A mag 12.7 star is 1.1' NNW of center.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1228 = Sw. 10-39 on 13 Sep 1890
and recorded ""vF; pS * nr n[orth]; 4 st. in curve
s[outh]." His position and
description matches
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16 44 58.8 +51 18 29; Dra
V = 15.0; Size 0.45'x0.4'
24" (7/10/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly
small, slightly elongated, 20"-25" diameter, weak concentration.
24" (7/15/15): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.4'
diameter, weak concentration.
Forms a pair with brighter IC 1230 2.9' SSE. Located 6' due south of mag 8.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1229 = Sw. 10-40, along with IC 1230,
on 18 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pS; another nr south; D * in field n;
others susp; np of 2; ee diff."
This galaxy is misidentified as IC 1225 in the UGC notes for IC 1230 =
******************************
IC 1230 = UGC 10538 = MCG +09-27-073 = CGCG 276-041 = PGC 58903
16 45 01.6 +51 15 37; Her
V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.9'
24" (7/10/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, fairly low even surface brightness. A very faint mag 15.9 star is 0.8' S of center. Brighter and larger of a pair with IC 1229 2.9' NNW.
24" (7/15/15): moderately bright and large, 0.8' diameter, sharply concentrated with a small bright nucleus, slightly elongated halo. Brighter of a pair with IC 1229 2.9' NNW.
IC 1230 is a multiple system with 3 faint companions (V = 16-16.5); a close pair at the north edge of the halo and a second fainter nucleus (possible merged companion) less than 10" S of center.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1230 = Sw. 10-41, along with IC 1229, on 18 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF; S; R; D * in field n; sf of 2; eee dif."
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16 46 59.0 +58 25 23; Dra
V = 12.9; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 154°
24" (7/19/17): at 375x; moderately bright and large,
elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.2'x0.6', broad weak concentration, mottled or uneven
surface brightness. A mag 9.6 star
(
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1231 = Sw. 9-68 and reported "eeeF; L; R; evenly B; pB * sp."
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16 49 48.5 +46 43 05; Her
Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (6/29/16): at 375x; the brightest member of
18" (7/12/10): brightest in the Arp 312 trio and northwest component of an attached pair with MCG +08-31-006. At 285x appeared faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. MCG +08-31-006 is at the SE edge [23" between centers] and very faint, round, 10" diameter. MCG +08-31-004 (faintest member) lies 46" SW, so the entire triplet is squeezed into a 1' circle! Located 4.6' NNW of mag 6.8 HD 152238.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1232 = Sw. 9-69 on 11 Jul 1890 and
reported "eeeF; S; iR; B * with distant companion nr. sf. Driving clock failed." His RA is given only to the nearest
minute and marked as uncertain (?), but there's nothing near his position
(about 6' N of 5th magnitude 52 Herculi) that matches in declination. Harold Corwin suggests
Courtney Seligman suggests "what Swift saw was probably an internal reflection of the light from the bright star." In 2016 Yann Pothier suggested to Harold Corwin that Arp 312 = PGC 59071/2 is Swift's IC 1232. The RA is essentially matches, though the declination is off by +38'. But there is a bright star near SE with a wide companion, matching Swift's description. This is probably the best candidate, though not certain due to the error in declination. Steinicke classifies the number as nonexistent.
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16 48 20.2 +62 58 35; Dra
V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 58°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1233 = Sw. 9-70 on 24 Jul 1889 and reported "eF; vS; vE; bet. 2 stars." There is nothing at his position, but 10' south is NGC 6247, discovered by Heinrich d'Arrest on 24 Sep 1862 with the 11-inch refractor at Copenhagen. Dreyer questioned if IC 1233 = NGC 6247 in the IC description.
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16 52 03.6 +63 06 57; Dra
V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 12°
24" (8/12/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 3:2 N-S, ~30"x20", very small slightly brighter
nucleus. Situated 3' SW of mag 8.7
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1235 = Big. 212 on 5 Sep 1888 and reported "diffuse, 40" to 50" diameter. A BD star (difficult to read) at position 53°, distance = 3.5'." His position and description matches this galaxy.
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16 58 29.6 +20 02 29; Her
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 51°
24" (7/15/15): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
40" diameter, irregular surface brightness, slight hint of structure
[face-on spiral]. A mag 14 star is
1.4' WNW. Located 6.4' SSE of mag 7.7
Truman Safford discovered IC 1236 = Sf. 44 = Sw. 10-42 on 1 Aug 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and noted "pF, suddenly brighter in the middle." His discovery list was not published, though, until 1887. E.E. Barnard independently ran across it while sweeping with the 12-inch refractor at Lick on 30 Jul 30 1888, though he recognized it was Sf 44. Lewis Swift also found it on 17 Sep 1890 and logged "eF; pS; lE; B * nr N; vF * close p."
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16 56 16.1 +55 01 35; Dra
V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 21°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 40"x15", broad concentration. Sometimes a low surface halo increases
the dimensions to at least 50"x25". A mag 11.8 star lies 1.6' NW. Located 10' SE of mag 8.7
Forms a pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1237 = Sw. 9-71 on 23 Jun 1890 and recorded "eF, pL, lE, * nr p[receding]." His position is 1.5' too far north, but the identification is certain.
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17 00 30.2 +23 04 35; Her
V = 14.7/15.7; Size 7"
24" (9/5/18): at 375x; IC 1238 is a faint double star
of mag 14.7/15.7 at 7" separation.
Located midway between
UGC 10650 appeared very faint, moderately large, extremely thin edge-on SSW-NNE, ~45"x5", low surface brightness, slightly brighter core. A mag 15.2 star is at the SSW tip.
Albert Marth discovered IC 1238 = m 327 on 10 Jun 1864 and simply noted as "eF". Dreyer didn't include this object in the NGC due to a confusion with other nearby galaxies. But his position corresponds with a faint double star. Harold Corwin has the full story under NGC 6276.
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17 00 45.0 +23 02 39; Her
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.2
See observing notes for NGC 6276.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1239 = Big. 213 on 19 Jun 1887. Dreyer questioned if Bigourdan's object was equivalent to NGC 6276, discovered earlier by Marth as again by Stephan. See NGC 6276 or Corwin notes for the story on that number.
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17 01 28.2 +63 41 28 ; Dra
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 165°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint or moderately bright, irregularly round, ~0.6' diameter. Appears lumpy with direct vision but I didn't see a distinct nucleus.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1241 = Sw. 7-87 on 19 July 1887
and recorded "eF; pS; R."
His position is at the north edge of
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17 08 42.9 +04 03 00; Oph
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 130°
17.5" (7/19/90): very faint, very small, slightly
elongated NW-SE, weak concentration.
Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1242 = J. 1-383 on 7 Aug 1891.
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17 10 24.5 +10 46 06; Oph
Size 50"
14.5" (8/31/21): at 264x; I immediately noticed a thin elongated N-S glow less than 1' long with 3 or 4 stars resolved. The two brightest (mag ~14.5) form a 10" pair and a 15th mag star was confirmed at the S end. In addition, a mag 15.4 star was glimpsed close W, but off the chain. A mag 12.2 star is 2.5' W.
24" (7/18/17): at 375x; IC 1243 is a fairly striking
N-S chain of 5 stars (all resolved) as well as a 6th star close W. The N-S chain extends 48" and all
4 stars are mag 14-15. Located 32'
WNW of mag 5.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1243 = Sw. 9-72 on 15 May 1890 and reported "pF; pS; vE; r." There is nothing at his position but Howe examined the field on two nights in 1898 and found "five 12-14 mag. stars in a line, at an angle of 0 degrees [N-S], the length of the line being 45". A star of mag. 14 immediately precedes the northern end of the row." This asterism is 3' SW of Swift's position. Based on my observation, I'm surprised Swift didn't at least partially resolve this chain.
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17 10 33.7 +36 18 12; Her
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x1.0'
24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, small bright core, 30" diameter. A mag 15 star is near the south edge [24" from center]
and an 11th mag star is 2' WNW.
Located 38' NE of mag 5.4
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1244 = Sw. 8-92 = Sw. 9-73 on 5 Jun 1878. His uncorrected position was 2' too far east, but he never published a corrected position so this galaxy doesn't have a NGC designation.
Lewis Swift rediscovered IC 1244 on 13 May 1889 and reported in his 8th discovery list (#92): "vF; pS iR; bet. a F and a pB *; 3 st in line nr." His position was 12 seconds of RA too small. He found the galaxy again on 15 Sep 1889 and reported it as new in his 9th list (#73) with description "pF; pS; R; bet. 2 st." This time his position was 6' too far south, but correct in RA. UGC fails to identify its UGC 10739 as IC 1244. Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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17 12 36.6 +38 01 14; Her
V = 13.7; Size 1.7'x0.9'; PA = 126°
24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, ~40"x30", broad mild concentration. A mag 10.3 star (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1245 = Sw. 9-75 on 15 Sep 1889 and reported "eF; S; R; BM; F * close s; 3 or 4 others nr. n." His position is 1.5' too far NW, within his usual positional errors.
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17 11 40.2 +59 59 44; Dra
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 17°
24" (7/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~35"x30", broad weak concentration but no distinct core or zones. Overall fairly low surface brightness.
I picked up a close double 10' WNW, which is listed in WDS as TDT 244 = 11.9/12.4 at 2.4". It was just resolved cleanly at 375x.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1248 = Sw. 7-88 on 19 Jul 1887 and
reported "eeF; pS; R; betw 2 st p & f." There's nothing at his position but 7.7' NNE is this galaxy
and the two stars in the description match the sky. PGC has a separate entry,
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17 14 55.1 +35 31 12; Her
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (7/18/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, round, 20"-24" diameter, fairly low and nearly even surface brightness. A mag 15.5 star is close north [34" from the center]. A distinctive 6' string consisting of a mag 10 star and 3 mag 11 stars extends south [nearest star in string is 4' S].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1249 = Sw. 9-76 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; eee diff.; 4 pB st. nr. in line s." A mag 15.5 star is close N [].
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17 14 29.2 +57 25 00; Dra
V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 70°
24" (7/21/17): at 375x; faint, extremely small, round,
8"-10" diameter. I could
easily hold this faint galaxy continuously with averted (V = 15.1) as the
surface brightness is moderately high.
Located 7.3' W of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1250 = Sw. 9-77 on 23 Jun 1890 and
reported "pF; S; cE."
His position is within 30" of
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17 10 13.4 +72 24 37; Dra
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 70°
17.5" (7/16/93): faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated 4:3 ~E-W, fairly low almost even surface brightness. Located in a string of stars that ends
at the double star adjacent to
17.5" (7/9/88): very faint, small, elongated WSW-ENE, weak concentration. Located 6' NNW of NGC 6340 in a group.
Edward Swift, Lewis' 19 year-old son, discovered IC 1251 = Sw. 10-43 on 18 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; 6340 nr; sp of 2 [with IC 1254]; ee dif." The Swifts' RA is 6 sec too large and the orientation should by north-preceding and south-following.
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17 15 50.4 +57 22 01; Dra
V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 142°
24" (7/21/17): at 375x; faint, fairly small, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, ~0.6'x0.15'. Situated 24" W of a mag 13 star and 4.6' SE of NGC 6338 in a compact galaxy group. A mag 14.5-15 star is off the NW tip.
18" (7/12/07): extremely faint, small, very low surface
brightness, ~0.3' diameter.
Attached to the west side of a mag 12 star (just 24" separation
between the star and the center of IC 1252) that detracts from viewing. Located 4.5' SE of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1252 = Big. 217 on 5 Sep
1888 and logged "mag 13.4-13.5; 40" diameter; situated very close to
a mag 12.5 star." Harold
Corwin notes that
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17 19 54.7 +16 39 39; Her
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 100°
See observing notes for
Truman Safford discovered IC 1253 = Sf. 29 on 6 Jun 1866. His position is accurate. Édouard Stephan independently rediscovered the galaxy on 6 Jul 1880. Stephan's X-55 became NGC 6347 as Safford's discovery was not published until 1887, too late to be incorporated into the main NGC table. Harold Corwin notes that Dreyer made an error of 2° in declination when he precessed Safford's (correct) position but NGC 6347 = IC 1253.
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IC 1254 = UGC 10769 = MCG +12-16-024 = PGC 59783
17 11 33.7 +72 24 07; Dra
V = 13.8; Size 1.6'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 32°
17.5" (7/16/93): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, even surface brightness. Slightly fainter than IC 1251 6' W. Located 7' NE of NGC 6340.
17.5" (7/9/88): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated, two mag 15 stars are 30" E and 1' SSE. Located 7' NE of NGC 6340 in a group. Probably only viewed the core.
Edward Swift, Lewis' 19 year-old son, discovered IC 1254 =
Sw. 10-44 on 18 Sep 1890 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; nf of 2 [with IC
1251]; ee diff." The Swifts'
position is 16 sec of RA east and 2' north of
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17 23 05.4 +12 41 44; Oph
Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 11°
24" (7/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 SSW-NNE, 32"x24", contains a very small bright core that seems offset to the south side. A mag 15.1 star is just off the northeast edge. The galaxy forms the northeast vertex of a quadrilateral with a mag 12 star 2.4' W, a mag 11.5 star 2.3' SSE and a mag 10.5 star 3.5' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1255 = Sw. 10-45 on 5 Jun 1891 and reported "vF; pS; R; Trapezium with 3 stars." His position is 2' too far south but the identification is certain based on his description of the 3 nearby stars.
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17 23 47.3 +26 29 11; Her
V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 95°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large; slightly elongated E-W, ~40"x30", slightly brighter core. Irregular halo with averted suggesting a spiral. Located 2' NE of a mag 10.3 star. Two mag 14.0/14.8 stars are just off the southeast side [50" and 1.1' SE of center].
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1256 = J. 1-384 on 29 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
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17 27 08.5 -07 05 35; Oph
V = 13.1; Size 1'; Surf Br = 2.3
24" (7/11/18): at 200x and 226x; fairly faint, small, round, low surface brightness, very small slightly brighter core, 0.6' diameter. Better at 282x; easily visible steadily though no additional structure. Less contrast at 375x.
18" (7/26/06): picked up at 225x, but viewed at 325x as a very faint, low surface brightness disc of 30" diameter with only a very weak central brightening. This challenging globular was visible steadily, even with direct vision but there was no hints of details. A couple of mag 16-16.5 threshold stars are close south and west.
18" (7/18/04): at 250x, appeared very faint, very small, round, ~0.5' diameter. With direct vision, this globular is weakly concentrated to a faint quasi-stellar or stellar core. Visible continuously without much effort, though very unimpressive as a globular.
17.5" (6/30/00): at 280x this small low surface brightness globular appeared very faint, round, ~30" diameter but visible with direct vision. Appears to have an extremely faint knot at the south edge and a slight central brightening.
17.5" (7/27/95): very faint, round patch, ~1' diameter. Appears similar to a 15th magnitude galaxy with no hints of resolution or central concentration. Can hold steadily with averted vision. Located 5.8' W of a mag 11.5 star. Discovered to be a globular in 1996.
13.1" (7/6/83): not found.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1257 on 7 July 1890 while searching for Barnard's Comet C/1888 RI using the 27" refractor at Wien University Observatory in Austria. His micrometric position is accurate. Barnard independently discovered it the next night while searching for his comet with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. In fact, Barnard initially mistook it for the comet!
Harlow Shapley listed IC 1257 as an open cluster (1930) and Sven Cederblad as a nebula (1946). Brian Skiff reported in September 1996: "Barry Madore to take a handful of short exposures of it at the Palomar 200", and has run through a first-cut data reduction. The color-magnitude diagram shows that it is unquestionably a globular cluster, which is moderately heavily reddened: it has the telltale marks of a metal-poor halo cluster, which are (a) a blue horizontal-branch population and (b) a steep red-giant branch." See Harris et al. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997AJ....113..688H for the discovery announcement.
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17 27 17.4 +58 29 08; Dra
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 65°
24" (7/22/14): at 375x appeared faint to fairly faint, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, ~0.4'x0.3'. A mag 15.3 star is off the north side [27" from center] and another mag 15 star is off the southwest side [44" from center]. At 500x, a mag 15.5+ star is at the east edge, just 10" from center!
24" (8/15/12): at 375x appeared fairly faint, fairly
small, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, very small bright nucleus increases to
center. The view with confusing
with several very close stars. The
brightest is a mag 14.9 star 45" SW.
A mag 15.2 star is 30" NNE.
A mag 15.7 star is attached at the east edge of the core, just 10"
from center and fainter than the nucleus of the galaxy. Very interesting group with the double
system
18" (6/7/08): at 260x appeared faint, small, irregularly round, 25" diameter, very small brighter core, gradually increases to the center. Surrounded by two or three very faint stars. With averted vision the shape is irregular and knotty. Forms a pair with IC 1259 (double system) 2.2' NE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1258 = Sw. 7-89, along with IC 1259, on 19 Jul 1887 and logged "pB; pS; R; sp of 2 [with IC 1259]." His position is 1' too far northwest.
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IC 1259 = VV 101 = Arp 310 = Arp 311 NED2 = Arp 311 NED3 =
17 27 25.8 +58 31 00; Dra
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (7/22/14): at 375x, the merged contact pair IC 1259
(15" between centers) was a striking sight.
24" (8/15/12): fascinating tight double system and
superimposed star at 375x. The
main component appeared fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. VV 101b is attached at the west edge of
the halo, 15" between centers.
It appeared very faint, extremely small, 10" diameter. A mag 15 star is attached at the SE
edge, just 10" from center! A
mag 12 star lies 0.8' NE. IC 1258
lies 2.2' SW, IC 1260 is 2.5' SSE and PGC 2579433 is 2.5' SE. The group is located ~13' SE of mag 6.5
18" (6/7/08): at 260x this double system (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1259 = Sw. 7-90, along with IC 1258, on 19 Jul 1887 and logged "pB; pS; R; nf of 2 [with IC 1258]." Swift didn't resolve this double system.
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IC 1260 = Arp 311 NED4 = MCG +10-25-040 = CGCG 300-032 = PGC 60324
17 27 31.7 +58 28 33; Dra
V = 14.9; Size 0.35'x0.3'
24" (7/22/14): faint to fairly faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Located 2' ESE of IC 1258 and 2.6' SSE of IC 1259 = Arp 310 (close double system!). The entire group forms Arp 311.
24" (8/15/12): faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Faintest of trio of IC galaxies with IC 1258 and IC 1259 (forming Arp 311) and situated just 1.9' ESE of IC 1258.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1260 = Sw. 9-80 on 15 May 1890 and logged "eeeF; S; R; forms equilateral triangle with two others; 3rd of 3." Three years earlier he found IC 1258 and IC 1259, so he apparently revisited the group and detected this galaxy.
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17 23 23.3 +71 15 49; Dra
V = 14.0
24" (6/28/16): IC 1261 is a close pair of small
ellipticals separated by 27" E-W.
At 375x the brighter eastern component appeared fairly faint, very
small, round, 15" diameter.
The halo is just resolved from the western component, which appeared
faint, very small, round. A mag 15
star is 0.7' S.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1261 = Sw. 8-93 on 8 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; in a dark vacancy." His position is unusually accurate for observations near the end of his observing career, but the description could apply to either galaxy (or both).
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17 33 02.0 +43 45 35; Her
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 83°
24" (7/2/16): at 375x; moderately bright, elongated 4:3
or 3:2 E-W, 1.0'x0.7', slightly brighter core. Brightest in the IC 1262 group (redshift-based distance ~450
million l.y.) with closest companion
24" (6/30/16): at 322x; moderately bright and large,
oval 3:2 E-W, ~1.1'x0.75', large brighter core. Brightest in a group with IC 1263 3.8' NNE,
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1262 = Sw. 9-82, along with IC 1263 and 1264, on 19 Jun 1890. He recorded "eF; pS; R; 1st of 3." His position is less than 1' too far north.
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IC 1263 = UGC 10902 = MCG +07-36-021 = CGCG 226-026 = WBL 643-002 = PGC 60481
17 33 07.2 +43 49 19; Her
V = 13.7; Size 1.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 178°
24" (7/2/16): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.9'x0.4'. A thin spiral arm is just visible extending due north on the east side of the halo!
IC 1262 (brightest in the group) is 3.8' SSW and CGCG 226-028 is 6' NNE. The latter galaxy appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter, no core or zones. A mag 15.5 star is just off the southwest edge [35" from center].
24" (6/30/16): at 322x; fairly faint or moderately bright, relatively large, elongated at least 5:2 N-S, broad concentration, brighter core, 1.2'x0.45'. Several mag 11-13 stars are nearby including a mag 11 star 2.6' WNW and a mag 11.5 star 3' NW.
IC 1263 is a member of the IC 1262 group that includes CGCG 226-028 6' NNE, IC 1262 3.8' SSW and IC 1264 12' S. CGCG 226-028 appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter, no core or zones. A mag 14.6 star is 1.2' NNW and a mag 15.5 star is just 35" SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1263 = Sw. 9-83, along with IC 1262 and 1264, on 19 Jun 1890. He recorded "eF; pS; R; 2nd of 3." His position is accurate.
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IC 1264 = UGC 10904 = MCG +07-36-022 = CGCG 226-027 = WBL 643-003 = PGC 60484
17 33 16.8 +43 37 45; Her
V = 14.4; Size 1.2'x1.1'; PA = 40°
24" (7/2/16"): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 35"x20", fairly even surface brightness, slightly brighter core. Faintest of three IC's anchoring a group, with IC 1262 8' NNW and IC 1263 12' NNW.
24" (6/30/16): at 322x; fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 40"x30", fairly low surface brightness. Forms a close pair with MCG +07-36-024
0.9' NE. The companion is fairly
faint, small, round, 12", with a mag 16 star at the northwest edge. IC 1264 is a member of the IC 1262
group and is situated 8' SSE of IC 1262.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1264 = Sw. 9-84, along with IC 1263 and 1264, on 19 Jun 1890. He recorded "eeeF; pS; R; 3rd of 3; eee difficult." His position is less than 1' too far north. I'm surprised Swift missed the nearby MCG as it has a higher surface brightness.
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17 36 39.6 +42 05 17; Her
V = 12.3; Size 2.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 80°
17.5" (7/27/95): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, 1.2'x0.5'. Contains a bright core with faint extensions. A wide pair of mag 14.5 stars lie 1.0' E and 1.3' ESE of center.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1265 = Sw. 9-85 on 10 Jul 1890 and recorded "eeF; S; lE." Discovered by Swift (IX). His position is 1' too far north.
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17 45 35.4 -46 05 23; Ara
V = 12.2; Size 13"
13.1": not found. Very low emission.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 1266 in 1894 on a
photograph of stellar spectra taken at the Peruvian Station of the Harvard
College Observatory. Pickering
announced the discovery as a "Gaseous Nebula" in 1894AN....135..195P. In 1896, though, Pickering reported the
OIII line was absent, so IC 1266 didn't receive a Harvard nebula (HN) number.
It was listed in the table of "Stars Having Peculiar Spectra (Table XIII)
in the 1912 Annals of Harvard Observatory summary of unusual spectra. In 1916, Annie Jump Cannon classified
it as a P Cygni type star (1916AnHar..76...19C) based on the strength of the
hydrogen emission and absence of NI, NII.
Based on this classification, A.D. Thackeray made a visual examination
on 15 May 1950 and found it to be "at the centre of a nebulous envelope
without however the red hue of
Perek and Kohoutek (CGPN), as well as the Strasbourg-ESO catalog of galactic PNe, identify this object as Tc 1 (from Thackeray). The equivalency with IC 1266 was noticed by Dana Patchick and David Frew.
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17 38 45.9 +59 22 23; Dra
V = 13.4; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 35°
24" (7/19/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~40"x32", weak concentration with small brighter core, occasionally brightens to a stellar nucleus.
IC 1267 is the brighter of a pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1267 = Sw. 7-91 on 19 Jul 1887 and reported "eeF; pS; R; ee diff[icult]." His position is 1' NW of this galaxy.
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17 50 39.3 +17 12 34; Her
V = 14.7; Size 0.65'x0.5'; PA = 117°
24" (7/19/17): at 282x; faint to fairly faint, slightly
elongated, 25" diameter. A
very faint star is involved (NW edge?).
Located 20' S of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1268 = Sw. 7-92 on 16 May 1888 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; ee diff." His position is 15 seconds too small in RA but accurate in Dec. Howe measured an accurate position in 1900 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes section).
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17 52 06.0 +21 34 11; Her
V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 125°
18" (7/2/08): at 175x appeared fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, slightly brighter core. Bracketed by mag 13 stars 1.4' N and 1.4' NE as well as a mag 13 star 1.2' SE. Located 4.2' NNE of a mag 10.2 star.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1269 = Sw. 7-94 on 25 Jul 1887 and
logged "eeF; pL; R; F * v nr nf; and other F * nr." There is nothing at his position but 19
seconds of time preceding and 2' north is
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17 49 20.8 +62 13 22; Dra
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1270 = Sw. 7-93 on 11 Jun 1888. This observation is likely a rediscovery of NGC 6488, originally found by Swift on 1 Sep 1888. See NGC 6488 for the story.
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18 05 10.1 -24 23 56; Sgr
17.5" (6/14/96): the brightest mag 7.5 star at the east
end of
17.5" (6/8/96): this is the mag 7.5 star (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1271 = Sw. 8-94 on 5 Aug 1888 and recorded "eeeF, vL, N6523 nr p, ee diff; B* inv or is a neb *; discovered 2 years ago." His position is about 5' southeast of a mag 7 star at 18 05 10.6 -24 23 55 which is embedded in the eastern wing or extension of the Lagoon nebula. Corwin notes that John Herschel discovered and sketched this extension and considered it part of the M8 complex.
Dreyer states in the 1912 update of William Herschel's
catalogues that IC 1271 is identical to
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18 09 51.0 -23 38 54; Sgr
Size 9'x8'
17.5" (7/17/93): located north of the
17.5" (6/20/87): at 88x with UHC filter appears fairly faint, large, includes several stars with three or four brighter stars, irregular shape. Located 22' NNW of NGC 6559.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1274, along with IC 1275, on 25 Jun 1892 on a 4-hour plate using the 6-inch Willard lens. His article "Photographic Nebulosities and Groups of Nebulous Stars" in AN 3111 includes a rough visual sketch (with the Lick 12" refractor) of the field including NGC 6559 to the south.
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IC 1275 = Sh 2-31 = LBN 33 = Ced 154e = ESO 521-41
18 10 07.2 -23 45 40; Sgr
Size 10'x6'
17.5" (7/17/93): at 100x and OIII filter appears as an easy nebulosity surrounding two mag 9 stars and several fainter stars. Located at the east end of the chain of nebulosities described in the NGC 6559 observation. IC 1274 is ~9' NNW.
17.5" (6/20/87): at 88x and UHC filter; fairly faint nebulosity surrounding a pair of mag 8 stars, smaller than nearby IC 1274. Located 16' N of NGC 6559.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1275, along with IC 1274, on 25 Jun 1892 on a 4-hour plate using the 6-inch Willard lens. His article "Photographic Nebulosities and Groups of Nebulous Stars" in AN 3111 includes a visual sketch (with the Lick 12" refractor) of the field including NGC 6559 to the south. IC 1274 and 1275 are clearly identified (as Nova) on the sketch.
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18 10 44.3 -07 12 27; Ser
V = 10.3; Size 7'; Surf Br = 3.3
24" (9/7/13): at 200x appeared as a fairly faint to moderately bright, roundish glow, ~3' diameter, with a weak concentration. Grows in size with averted vision to at least 3.5' diameter. At 375x, a total of 8-10 stars were resolved and a couple more occasionally popped. The brightest is a mag 13-13.5 star on the west side and a mag 14 star 35" to its east. A few additional stars appear to be ~15-15.5 magnitude with the remainder closer to 16th magnitude. A mag 10.6 star is 3' NNE of center.
18" (6/22/09): at 225x appeared as a faint, moderately large, roundish glow with no central concentration. A string of three stars are superimposed on the north side of the cluster.
17.5" (8/2/97): at 220x, this globular appears as an obvious irregular glow of ~3' diameter with a mag 13.5 star at the west edge. A superimposed mag 14 star follows [by 36"] and a third mag 14.5 on a line is at the east end. A mag 15 star was also glimpsed along this string close following the mag 14 star. Appears elongated ~E-W and the irregular outline increases in size with averted vision to 4'x3'. This faint globular has an unusual mottled patchy appearance although the observed stars may be field stars.
17.5" (7/27/95): at 220x appears faint, moderately large, 3' irregular scraggly outline. No resolution although the surface brightness is irregular. A mag 13 star is at the west end, closely followed by a mag 14.5 star. A similar faint star is situated at the east end. Located 3' SSW of a mag 11 star.
17.5" (7/4/86): at 105x appears as a faint glow with no central condensation. Two stars mag 13-14 are on the west side. At 286x the cluster seems to extend mostly east of the following of the two stars. Located 3' SSW of a mag 11 star.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1276 = Sw. 8-95 on 10 Apr 1889 and
recorded "eeeF; vL; ee diff; D* close to p edge; very wide D* nr
north." George Abell found it
again in 1952 on the POSS (published in the 1955 paper "Globular Clusters
and Planetary Nebulae Discovered on the National Geographic Society-Palomar
Observatory Sky Survey") and missed the equivalence with globular #7. So, IC 1276 is also known as
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18 10 27.3 +31 00 12; Her
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 25°
17.5" (8/3/89): very faint, moderately large, very
diffuse. A double star mag 14/15
is off the southwest side [1.6' from center]. Forms a pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1277 = Big. 220 on 31 Aug 1888 and simply noted "faint stars" in his 1891 Comptes Rendus list. Harold Corwin states that Bigourdan has four observations of it; they do not agree very well, but his mean position is only 12 arcsec south of the nucleus. The identity is secure."
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18 10 41.7 +31 09 00; Her
Size 22"
24" (9/5/18): at 375x; IC 1278 is a small asterism of 4-5 stars spanning only 22". It was resolved into two easily visible mag 14.8 and 15.3 stars at the east and west end, respectively. A third mag 16 star was occasionally visible and a fourth mag 16-16.5 star was suspected only.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1278 = Big. 220, along with IC 1277, on 31 Aug 188. Bigourdan mentioned several stars were suspected and his position matches a small group of 4 stars.
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18 11 15.4 +36 00 28; Her
V = 13.5; Size 2.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 159°
24" (9/28/19): at 260x; pretty edge-on at least 3:1 NNW-SSE, broad concentration to a brighter, elongated core region. The galaxy precedes three mag 11-12 stars in a N-S string with the southern star an uncatalogued double stars (separation less than 5").
24" (6/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint, moderately large, nice edge-on 7:2 NNW-SSE, 1.2'x0.35', broad concentration to a bulging core. Three mag 11.0-11.8 stars in a shallow arc follow by 3' and two mag 11.4/12.4 stars ~3' N are collinear with the galaxy.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1279 = Sw. 7-95 on 18 Oct 1887 and
recorded "eeeF; pS; R; in a semicircle of st.; eee diff." His position is 2.5' NW of
But Swift's second position happens to fall close to CGCG 200-010 = PGC 61527, a close pair of extremely small and faint galaxies, and Zwicky and Herzog identified this pair as IC 1279 in the CGCG (Volume III). But Swift's description doesn't match this close pair as the "semicircle of several stars" is preceding (west), not following the pair. PGC, as well as all online databases (NED, HyperLeda, SIMBAD) repeat the CGCG misidentification. Harold Corwin recovered the identification IC 1279 = IC 1281 (first given by Dreyer in the IC 2 Notes). See his notes.
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18 12 18.4 +25 39 44; Her
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 56°
17.5" (7/1/89): faint, small, round. A mag 14.5 star is at the NE end and a
mag 15 star at the south end.
Image confused by these two close faint stars. A wide pair of stars is 12' SW. Located in the
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1280 = Big. 222 on 1 Jul 1886
while searching for
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IC 1281 = IC 1279 = UGC 11143 = MCG +06-40-009 = CGCG 200-009 = 2MFGC 14240 = PGC 61518
18 11 15.4 +36 00 28; Her
V = 13.5; Size 2.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 159°
See observing notes for IC 1279.
Lewis Swift found IC 1281 = Sw. 8-96 on 28 May 1889 and
recorded "eeF S; cE; semicircle of several stars near
following." His position
falls close to
Harold Corwin concludes that IC 1281 is more likely a duplicate of IC 1279, discovered earlier by Swift on 18 Oct 1887. Swift's RA for IC 1281 is 21 seconds too large, but his description applies. Dreyer originally suggested the equivalence because Howe took a look at the field with the 20" refractor at Denver in 1899 and reported "I see only one nebula in the vicinity and call it 'vF, pS." So, likely IC 1281 = IC 1279, and not CGCG 200-010. See IC 1279 and Corwin's notes.
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18 17 18 -19 45; Sgr
Size 17'x15'
17.5" (7/26/95): at 100x unfiltered appears as a very
faint, very large nebulosity, at least 10' diameter. Encompasses a mag 9 star and extends about 10' NE to merge
with
17.5" (6/20/87): at 88x and UHC filter appears as a
very large, extensive nebulous region just NE of NGC 6589 and
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1283 on the photographic plate taken with the 6" Willard in Jun 1892. He commented that BD -19° 4948 is nebulous and "the nebulosity is very small and principally noticeable on the southern side of the [9.3 magnitude] star." Megastar misidentifies IC 1283 as NGC 6595, which is identical to NGC 6590.
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IC 1284 = Ced 157d = BBW 33903 = Gum 78 = Sh 2-37 = RCW 153 = LBN 47 = ESO 590-16
18 17 42 -19 40; Sgr
Size 17'x15'
17.5" (7/26/95): this is the northeastern section of the IC 1283/1284 nebulosity surrounding mag 7.6 SAO 161273. Although brightest around the star, the nebula appears to nearly merge with IC 1283 stretching SW to a mag 9 star located 7' SW. Located less than 15' NE of the bright reflection nebulae NGC 6589 and NGC 6595.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1284 on a photographic plate taken with the 6" Willard lends on 31 May 1892. He noted "an unknown nebulous star [BD -19° 4953]. It is shown on the photograph to be nearly symmetrically surrounded with a faint diffused nebulosity about 15' in diameter. Perhaps this nebulosity is a little denser and more extensive following. Visually with the 12 inch, I cannot be certain of seeing the nebulosity on account of the brightness of the central star." He later described nearby IC 1283 in AN 3111. Barnard's position matches the mag 7.6 star involved.
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18 16 10 +25 06.1; Her
Size 0.6'
24" (8/12/18): at 375x; IC 1285 is an asterism of 4
stars within 30". On the NW
side are the brighter two; a 10" pair of mag 14.1 and 14.8. Close east are two mag 15.5/15.7 stars
are 18". The faintest star
(SE end) was difficult in fairly poor transparency due to wildfire smoke. Located 6.6' NW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1285 = Big. 224 on 8 Aug 1888 and logged a mag 13.3 star accompanied by a few additional fainter stars that perhaps might have some traces of nebulosity. There is no nebulosity. Just a small group of 4 stars.
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18 16 14.3 +55 35 28; Dra
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 85°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 4:1 E-W, ~50"x12", weak concentration. Resides within a group of brighter stars, included a mag 10.3 star 2.4' N.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1286 = Sw. 7-96 on 11 Jun 1888 and
recorded "eF; pS; R; nearly bet. 2 pB st[ars]." His position is just off the east edge
of
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18 31 18 -10 50; Sct
Size 44'x34'
18" (8/11/07): this was a difficult observation to
confirm as this large, very faint reflection nebula is illuminated by mag 5.7
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1287 on a plate taken with the 12" Willard lens on 29 Jun 1892. He noted (AN 3111) "the 5.5 mag star BD -10° 4713 is shown to be nebulous. The star is surrounded by a large diffused nebulosity, somewhat extended in a direction nf and sp. A telescopic examination [probably with the 12" refractor] with a very low power confirms the photograph." Base on photographs at the Helwan observatory in Egypt in 1919-20, it was described as "a very large patch of faint, diffuse nebulosity around Boss 4687 extending chiefly to the south of it.
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18 29 22.6 +39 42 47; Lyr
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 2°
24" (7/19/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large,
very elongated 3:1 N-S. Resides
within a group of stars including a mag 15 star at the north tip [22" from
center]. Also nearby is a mag 12.7
star [49" from center] and a mag 12 star 1' due W. Located 10' SSW of
13.1" (7/20/85): faint, thin edge-on N-S. A number of stars are near; two mag 11/13 stars are 1.1' W and 1.4' WNW of center. A mag 12 star is close NE, 0.8' from center, and a mag 15 star is at the north tip 22" from center. Located 9' SSW of NGC 6646 in a trio with IC 1289.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1288 = Sw. 7-97 on 19 Oct 1887 and recorded "vF; S; lE; nearly between a double and a single star."
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IC 1289 = MCG +07-38-009 = CGCG 228-011 = PGC 61958
18 30 02.3 +39 57 51; Lyr
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 145°
24" (7/19/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, weak concentration. A very faint mag 15.8 star is at the south edge. A mag 8.8 star is 6' WSW. Located 7.5' NE of
13.1" (7/20/85): extremely faint, fairly small, diffuse, very low even surface brightness, possibly elongated. Located 7.5' NE of NGC 6646 in a trio with IC 1288. A mag 8.5 star lies 5.8' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1289 = Sw. 7-98 on 19 Oct 1887 and recorded "eeeF; pS; lE; 3 stars in line point to it." His position is 2.8' too far northwest. The "3 stars in line point to it" likely refer to a collinear trio that starts 3' SE.
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18 33 52.7 +49 16 42; Dra
V = 13.0; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 30°
48" (11/5/21): at 610x; fairly bright, moderately large, ~1.2' diameter, irregular shape with spiral structure though roughly elongated 3:2 NW-SE, very uneven surface brightness. The core is a small brighter region only 15" NW of two superimposed 15th magnitude stars that hampered the view.
A fairly well defined spiral arm begins just NW of the core. Though low surface brightness, it was easily seen extending north and gently curving towards a mag 13.5 star [52" N of center]. A small, slightly brighter knot was midway along the arm. Also a slightly brighter region [part of the southern "arm"] and a faint star (mag 16.5-17) was noted ~0.5' S of center. The halo bulged out on the SE end.
24" (7/19/17): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, irregular shape. Two 15th magnitude stars are superimposed [separation 11" on DSS2] with a weak core just to the northwest of these stars. The glow elongates further to the NW of the core [this is the central bar]. An extremely small HII knot, ~5" diameter, occasionally popped in the same position near the NW end of the "bar" [18" NW of center]. There was a hint of an arm curling further northward towards a mag 13.5 star [0.8' NNE of center]. A mag 13 star is 1' WNW and two mag 11.5 stars further NW are collinear with the galaxy.
24" (9/10/15): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, increases in length with averted vision to ~40"x16". Appears to have a very faint quasi-stellar nucleus, along with a faint superimposed star very close southeast. A mag 13.5 star is less than 1' N of center. An HII region in the northwest spiral arm was not seen, though the transparency was fairly poor. Two mag 11-11.5 star lie 2.4' and 3.4' NNW (collinear with the galaxy) and a mag 9.8 star is 4.2' SW. Situated in a busy star field.
17.5" (7/24/95): very faint, small, irregular glow of 30" diameter. Appears to have no core but there are one or two extremely faint mag 15.5-16 stars superimposed on the south end. Nearly collinear with two mag 10.5-11 stars 2.3' and 3.3' NNW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1291 = Sw. 10-46 on 5 Jun 1891 and recorded "eF; vS; R; F * close N." His position is 13 seconds of RA too far west and 2.3' too far north (3.3' NW of the galaxy). Herbert Howe, in his survey of NGC and IC objects around 1900, mentions he was unable to see a "F * close N", though noted two 12th mag star north-following and north-preceding. But Swift was probably referring to the star less than 1' NNE, which is closer to mag 13.5. Howe also measured an accurate position that was repeated in the IC 2 notes section.
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18 41 37.2 +56 19 06; Dra
Size 0.5'
24" (7/19/17): at 282x; this asterism consists of four mag 15-15.5 stars in a 30" string ~N-S. Three of the stars were easily resolved, while the 4th (2nd from north) was difficult. Also a 14th mag star is 0.6' NW of the string.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1293 = Sw. 8-97 on 29 Aug 1888 and reported "eeeF; S; lE; * in center; ? D[ouble]; another nr. suspected sf." His position matches a 30" string of 4 stars with two other stars nearby. In his review of NGC and IC objects, Howe reported "It appears to consist of 3 stars of mag. 14 of which the following one is nebulous''.
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18 54 36.5 -08 49 49; Sct
V = 12.5; Size 102"x87"
24" (8/12/15): At 220x + UHC filter, the rim was
clearly brighter, particularly along the south side. But the west side of the planetary was weaker with a darker
indentation, creating a "C" appearance, open to the west. A very faint,
fairly thin outer shell was visible with careful viewing. This envelope was roughly the thickness
of the brighter rim. Increasing to 375x and removing the filter, I
counted 8 or 9 superimposed stars including several around or just off the
edge. The stellar planetary
K4-8 was easily visible unfiltered as a mag 14.5 "star", the middle of 5 stars in a shallow 51" arc, concave to the northwest. Excellent contrast gain adding a UHC filter at 220x, so it was very easy to identify.
33" (9/15/07): at 200x appeared weakly annular with a slightly darker hole in the center and slightly brighter rim except on the west edge where there was an indentation or darker notch taking a small bite out of the rim.
18" (7/22/06): at 220x and UHC filter this fairly bright, large planetary was crisp-edged, slightly elongated ~E-W, ~1.5x1.3' in size. The rim appeared slightly brighter, particularly along the south side giving a weak impression of annularity. Several stars bracket the planetary and four or five mag 14-15.5 stars appear within the disc at 325x without a filter. I viewed this object along with NGC 6712 and the stellar planetary K 4-8 in the same low power field of view!
17.5" (6/30/00): fairly bright at 220x using a UHC filter as a roundish disc, ~1.6'x1.4'. The surface brightness is irregular and it appears slightly brighter along the southwest and northwest portion of the rim. The unfiltered view at 280x also reveals a mottled appearance with a mag 13.5-14 star situated right at the west edge and a mag 14.5 star in the interior (a bit offset from center). A couple of extremely faint stars are at the following edge. Located 24' ESE of NGC 6712.
17.5" (5/10/86): bright, large, round, 1.5' diameter. Very pretty at 220x, estimate V = 12.0-12.5. The stellar planetary K 4-8 is just 4.6' WNW.
13.1" (7/27/84): the rim on the south or SW side appears brighter but no definite annularity was seen.
13.1" (8/15/82): fairly faint, appears slightly elongated in an E-W orientation.
8" (6/27/81): faint, round, fairly small. Located 25' ESE of NGC 6712 in the same low power field. Observation mentioned in 10/81 S&T for smallest scope!
5": visible with a 5" stop on my 13.1" without filter and easy with UHC at 79x!
Truman Safford discovered IC 1295 = Sf. 82 on 28 Aug 1867
with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at Dearborn Observatory in Chicago and
recorded "pB, pL, gradually brighter in the middle." Édouard Stephan redisocvered it on 24
Jul 1881 (or perhaps was aware of Safford's discovery?) and logged a rough
position was poor (6' too far NNW).
He didn't reduce and publish an accurate position, so IC 1295 wasn't
included in the NGC. Heber Curtis
first recognized it as a planetary nebula in 1919. Burnham's Celestial Handbook and the Sky Atlas 2000.0
mislabel this planetary as
In 1919, Heber Curtis reported it was undoubtedly a planetary nebula based on a Crossley photograph and described it as "Exceedingly faint; a faint, hazy ring about 2' x 1.5' in p. a. 90°±. The central portions are relatively vacant, and it is fainter along and at the ends of the major axis. There are three faint stars at the center, of which one is probably the central star."
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18 53 18.8 +33 03 58; Lyr
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 80°
48" (4/1/11): at 375x this low surface brightness galaxy near M57 was visible with direct vision as a faint, fairly small, round, glow with a very small bright core and diffuse halo. At 488x it appeared fairly faint, 40" diameter with a round, very small bright nucleus. Surprisingly, two faint spiral arms were just visible extending from the nucleus! A brighter arm is attached at the south side and winds counterclockwise towards the southwest. It was often visible with averted vision. The fainter arm on the north side curving northeast required more effort and was only occasionally visible but confirmed. A mag 13.8 star is close preceding (26" W of center).
17.5" (7/5/86 and 7/2/89): extremely faint, small, round, very low surface brightness. This difficult galaxy is situated just 4' NW of M57! Located along the north side of a small rhombus of mag 13-14 stars with sides of 1.5'. IC 1296 is just 30" ESE of a mag 14 star.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1296 visually on 2 Oct 1893 with the Lick 36-inch refractor. His description in AN 3200 reads "this nebula is about 1/2' diameter. Not round. A little brighter in the middle. About 14th magnitude." His position matches this faint spiral, located just 4' NW of M57.
In a paper written by James Keeler in 1899 ("The Ring Nebula in Lyra"), he noted "Barnards small nebula.—The negative obtained with two hours’ exposure shows that the small nebula discovered by Professor Barnard with the 36-inch refractor in 1893 is a left- handed, two-branched spiral. The extreme diameter on the photograph is about 30."
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19 17 23.5 -39 36 46; CrA
V = 10.7; Size 11"x9"
14.5" (7/11/21): obvious at 140x as a small, bluish
disc, at least 10" diameter.
Excellent contrast gain with a UHC filter. Nice crisply defined disc at 182x. Using 264x, the rim seems slightly brighter (weakly
annular). I tried 352x but the low
elevation wouldn't support this power well. Located 16' WSW of mag 7.4
13.1" (8/8/86): bright, small, 10"-15" diameter, slight bluish-green color. Very pretty sight at 166x and 214x, estimate V = 11.5-12.0.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 1297 in 1894 on an objective-prism plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. Pickering announced the discovery in AN 3227. Robert Innes independently found it at the Transvaal Observatory in Johannesburg on 20 Oct 1909 and reported it as "a planetary nebula looking like a double star out of focus, 9.3 mag. Diameter 8"x6", longer axis is in 270°-90°."
A star (
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19 18 36 -01 35 46; Aql
Size 0.5'
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; this small group of stars that
is located just 3' E of planetary nebula
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1298 = Big. 225 on 30 Jul 1889 and called it a "vS Cl, [NGC] 6778 p 3 arcmin." His position and description corresponds with this small group of stars.
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19 22 41 +20 44 30; Vul
Size 4'x2.5'
24" (9/16/17): at 200x; at Espin's position is a glowing Milky Way patch with 10-12 stars superimposed. Most of these are 13th mag stars arranged in a loop or semi-ellipse, open on the north end [2.4' across]. The group appears visually to be a random, unimpressive asterism.
Reverend Thomas Espin discovered IC 1299 on 8 Oct 1893, while searching for double stars. He noted it was "proably a cluster of very faint stars.
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19 24 03.2 +53 37 29; Cyg
V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 150°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1300 = Sw. 10-47 on 2 Oct 1891 and recorded "eF; vS; R." There is nothing near his position. Howe searched unsuccessfully for IC 1300 on two nights at Swift's position. He communicated afterwards with Swift, who responded that the IC position was one degree too far south. This implies IC 1300 = NGC 6798. In the IC 2 Notes, Dreyer comments for IC 1300, "Delenda, = 6798."
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19 26 32.0 +50 07 31; Cyg
Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 19°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, ~40"x15". A 1.2' pair (STTA 182) of mag 7.4 and mag 8.6 stars is 2' to 3' NE. The brighter star has a mag 11.5 companion at 35".
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1301 = Sw. 9-93 on 15 Apr 1890 and
recorded "eeF; vS; R; 2 B and 1 F * in line nr f, nearest * nf close D
with 300." There is nothing
near his position, though it is about 30' due south of
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19 30 52.9 +35 47 07; Cyg
V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.2
17.5" (7/26/95): very faint, very small, irregularly
round. Bracketed by a mag 11 star
off the south edge 35" from center and a mag 14.5 star a similar distance
north. Forms an interesting pair
with
Truman Safford discovered IC 1302 = Sf. 36 on 9 Jun 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He simply note "vF, undefined" and his position is 2' too far south-southwest.
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IC 1303 = UGC 11452 = MCG +06-43-004 = LGG 428-003 = PGC 63328
19 31 30.2 +35 52 35; Cyg
Size 1.3'x0.8'; PA = 115°
17.5" (7/26/95): very faint, small, slightly elongated 4:3 E-W, 40"x30", no concentration. Collinear with two mag 14 stars to the SW with one star at the edge of the halo. Forms an unusual pair with IC 1302 9.4' SW in a rich Milky Way field.
Truman Safford discovered IC 1303 = Sf. 37 on 9 Jun 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He recorded "vF, 30" diam, with small cluster." His position is 2' too far southwest.
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19 45 05.3 -14 43 16; Sgr
Size 45"
48" (5/16/12): bright, fairly small, irregularly round. At ~30", this HII knot is slightly larger than Hubble V and more uniform in surface brightness but the brighter portions of Hubble V have a higher surface brightness. This is the easternmost of four HII knots along the northern side of Barnard's Galaxy.
18" (7/12/10): easily visible unfiltered at 225x and
stands out fairly well at 285x as a 25" knot (irregularly round). Situated
1.7' NW of a mag 12/14 double star at ~8" separation. This is the slightly fainter of a
similar pair of HII knots at the north end of
17.5" (9/1/02): the eastern of two HII regions at the north end of Barnard's galaxy. Easily visible with averted vision at 220x without a filter and there is mild contrast gain using an OIII filter at 140x.
17.5" (7/14/99): following of a pair of HII regions with Hubble V at the north end of NGC 6822 = Barnard's Galaxy. Visible with direct vision at 220x and 280x without a filter. There was a mild contrast gain using a UHC filter at these magnifications.
17.5" (8/21/98): easily visible at 220x without a filter as a 30" round knot along with Hubble V just 3.1' W. Because I had no problem viewing this HII region without filtration I didn't blink or use an OIII filter.
17.5" (5/10/91): HII region on the NE edge of NGC 6822. At 82x and OIII filter, appeared as a faint, very small but clearly nebulous round knot. Estimate mag 14. A mag 12 star lies 2' SE (very close double on the POSS). Not seen without a filter. Forms a pair with similar Hubble V just 3' W.
Francis Leavenworth discovered the HII region IC 1308 = LM(S) 791 on 18 Jun 1887 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick observatory. Leavenworth missed the galaxy itself, but he found the two bright HII regions at its north end. Dreyer assumed Leavenworth's #790 (the previous object in the table) referred to NGC 6822 as the description for IC 1308 reads, "extremely faint, extremely small, little elongated, gradually brighter in the middle, 6822 precedes 12 seconds". But #790 in the table refers to the HII region Hubble V! Leavenworth was the source of the confusion as he credited Barnard as the discoverer for the two HII regions. Ironically, E.E. Barnard made an independent discovery of the two HII regions on 7 Jul 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.
The IC position is accurate but Paul Hodge didn't identify this HII knot as IC 1308 in his 1988 paper "The HII regions of NGC 6822", P.A.S.P. 100:917-934 or in "A Catalogue of diffuse nebula and emission-line stars in NGC 6822", 94:444-452, June 1982. But Hubble's seminal 1925 paper on NGC 6822 (http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/full/1925ApJ....62..409H), mentions nebula X is identical to IC 1308.
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20 03 01.5 -17 13 55; Sgr
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 35°
24" (6/22/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly
small, round, 24" diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. Located in eastern Sagittarius, 7' N of
mag 7.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1309 = J. 1-385 on 26 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
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20 10 01 +34 58 06; Cyg
Size 4'
17.5" (8/2/97): picked up at 100x as a small nebulous patch in a rich Milky Way field surrounding a mag 13 star. It didn't stand out well at this power due to the rich environment but the glow had a noticeably higher surface brightness than the unresolved Milky Way glow. The view was improved at 220x; a faint sprinkling of stars were superimposed (8-10 with averted vision) and the 2' cluster had an irregular outline. Appeared similar to a partially resolved globular. A nice mag 12/13 double star [9" separation] is off the NE end 1.5' from center. The view holds up well at 410x and one or two additional faint stars were resolved.
Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 1310 on 19 Sep 1893 with his 17.3-inch Calver reflector at his private observatory in England while sweeping for red stars. He simply recorded "faint nebulosity" Very close to his position is this faint cluster, which was independently catalogued as Berkeley 50.
Probably due to the IC description, Cederblad included IC 1310 in his list of bright nebulae as well as Beverly Lynds, although there is no nebulosity.
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20 10 47 +41 10 30; Cyg
V = 13.1; Size 6'
17.5" (8/17/93): very faint cluster; consists of ~15
stars mag 13.5 to 15 in a 4'x3' oval outline over unresolved haze. A mag 10 star is off the west side and
most resolved stars are around the periphery. Located within a semi-circle of bright stars including mag
6.9
8" (8/15/82): very small group of four mag 13 stars. Use high power to resolve.
Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 1311 on 6 Oct 1893 with his 17 1/4-inch Calver reflector at his private observatory in England while sweeping for red stars. He recorded an "extremely faint nebula within a circle of bright stars." His position (though mentioned as approximate in his discovery list) is fairly accurate. The Lynga 5 position, though, is incorrect (repeated in Sky Catalogue 2000 and Skiff & Luginbuhl).
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20 18 43.7 -16 56 46; Cap
V = 14.1; Size 1.8'x1.4'; PA = 26°
24" (6/22/17): at 200x and 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, roundish, ~1' diameter, very small brighter nucleus (no core). A 13th magnitude star is superimposed on the west side [18" from center].
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1313 = J. 1-386 on 25 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
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20 23 15.6 +00 39 52; Aql
V = 13.7; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 80°
17.5" (7/8/94): fairly faint, small, round, 0.5' diameter, weak even concentration to a brighter core and faint stellar nucleus. A mag 12.5 star is 1.6' NNE and a mag 15 star is 40" NW. Described as a planetary in the IC.
17.5": fairly faint, extremely small, round, bright core, compact.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1317 = Sp 23 on 30 Sep 1891 with the 27-inch refractor in Vienna. His position is accurate, though he called it a "planetary nebula = mag 12 star, size 1/4' or slightly less, easily visible." Based on a Crossley plate taken Lick Observatory (1912), Charles Perrine also described a "faint planetary about 15" in diameter" (perhaps using Spitaler's comment).
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20 22 14 +40 15 24; Cyg
18" (7/13/07): Both portions of the "Butterfly Nebula" were easily visible at 12.5x in my 80mm finder using an H-beta filter and were an amazing sight in my 18-inch at 73x using both H-beta and UHC filters as they stretched across the entire 67' field of field and separated by a wide dark lane (LDN 889).
IC 1318e is situated roughly 35' SE of IC 1318d on the opposite side of dark nebula LDN 889. This bright section passes through several wide double stars and gently curves as it sweeps from SW to NE. The overall length is at least 35'x10' (not as wide as on photographs but nearly as long). One or two darker spots or regions lie within the nebulosity although it appears as a single continuous piece without as much structure as IC 1318d.
12.5x80mm (7/13/07): viewed in 80mm finder using an H-beta filter. The two roughly parallel brightest sections to the east of Gamma that form the "Butterfly Nebula" (IC 1318d and 1318e) were obvious as extremely large parallel strips oriented ~SW-NE and separated by a wide dark lane.
16x80 (8/23/84): extremely large complex of irregular emission nebulae surrounded Gamma Cygni (position given) with six sections visible at 16x using a UHC and H-beta filters. Overfills the 4° finder field! The most prominent section is an isolated patch NW of Gamma at the edge of the field (IC 1318b = Ced 176c = LBN 251 = DWB 82) and next are two parallel strips just east (IC 1318d = LBN 249) and SE of Gamma (IC 1318e = LBN 245) that have fairly sharp edges. Observation from Mt Rose (above Lake Tahoe) using the finder.
2x Night-vision with 6nm H-alpha (1/1/22): I had previously viewed the IC 1318 complex at 1x with the Televue image-intensified monocular, though with a 2x lens several individual sections could be distinguished that were slighty separated.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1318 on a photographic plate taken with the Willard lens in 1892. He simply mentioned "A photograph which I have made in 1892 with five hours of exposure was Chi Cygni, shows Gamma Cygni to be surrounded by numerous large patches and strips of nebulosity." (Astronomy and Astro-Physics, Vol XIII, No. 3, March 1894).
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20 26 01.2 -18 30 15; Cap
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 9°
17.5" (8/8/02): fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated, 0.6'x0.5', very weak concentration. Located 2.1' SE of mag 8.5
13.1" (8/17/85): faint, small, round, very weak
concentration. Located 2.1' SE of
mag 8.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1319 = J. 1-387 on 20 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
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20 26 25.7 +02 54 35; Del
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 87°
17.5" (8/21/98): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1
~E-W, weak concentration.
Brightest in a group with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1320 = J. 2-791 on 19 Aug 1893. His position is accurate.
******************************
20 28 11.1 -18 17 29; Cap
V = 14.4; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 85°
24" (6/22/17): faint to fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, 25" diameter, nearly even low surface brightness. Located 13' SE of mag 5.2 Pi Cap!
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1321 = J. 1-388 on 17 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. This galaxy is not plotted on the Uranometria 2000 Atlas (2nd version).
******************************
20 30 08.5 -15 13 40; Cap
Size 1.0'x0.5'; PA = 100°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x; faint, small, round, 20"
diameter, nearly stellar nucleus.
Just visible continuously with averted (near end of astronomical
twilight). Located 17' SW of
yellow mag 6.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1322 = J. 1-389 on 16 Jul
1891. His position is
accurate. PGC and HyperLEDA fail
to identify
******************************
20 32 12.3 -09 03 22; Cap
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x1.4'
24" (6/23/17): at 375x; moderately bright, small,
round, 20" diameter (core only).
Contains a very small, very bright nucleus. A thin halo increases the size with averted to
30"-35" diameter. A mag
14.7 star is 50" S of center and a mag 12.4 star is 1.3' SSE. IC 1324 is situated 3.4' N of mag 9.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1324 = Sw. 7-100 on 16 Sep 1887
and recorded "eeF; S; R; 8th mag. * s[outh]". There's nothing at his original
position, but Herbert Howe corrected the RA 26 seconds further east. This position matches
******************************
20 32 50.4 +09 55 37; Del
V = 12.2; Size 2.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 106°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1325 = Sw. 8-98, along with
******************************
IC 1326 = NGC 6930 = UGC 11590 = MCG +02-52-018 = CGCG 424-022 = LGG 438-004 = WBL 663-003 = PGC 64935
20 32 58.8 +09 52 28; Del
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 8°
See observing notes for NGC 6930.
Lewis Swift found IC 1326 = Sw. 8-99, along with IC 1325, on 23 Sep 1888 and recorded "eeeF; S; eE; spindle; pF * nr south; wide D * nr sf; ee diff; nf of 2 [with IC 1325]." His position is 1' NNE of NGC 6930 and he confused the orientation, which is northwest to southeast. Herbert Howe suggested the NGC/IC equivalences (IC 1325 = NGC 6928 and IC 1326 = NGC 6930) and measured an accurate position.
******************************
20 35 41.3 -00 00 21; Aql
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 170°
24" (7/16/15): faint to fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 18" diameter, weak concentration. Located 1.5' WSW of mag 7.1
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 1327 on 20 Aug 1889 with the Lick 36-inch in the field of mag 7.1 HD 196203. He measured a P.A. of 257° and a separation of 84.5". The discovery was announced in Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol II and AN 2957.
******************************
20 41 57.0 -19 37 59; Cap
Size 0.9'x0.35'; PA = 50°
24" (7/14/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 or 5:3 SW-NE, ~25"x15", low nearly even surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1328 = J. 1-391 on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
20 43 43 +15 36.1; Del
Size 1'
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; very faint, small irregular patch with 2 or 3 very faint stars superimposed (brightest ~15.5). Bumping the magnification to 500x, 3 resolved stars were definite and a 4th glimpsed. The DSS shows about 10 stars in a small group.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1329 = Sw. 9-95 on 23 Sep 1889 and recorded "eeeF; pL; R; in center of trap of 4 st; eee dif; in finder field with Gamma and Delta Dephini." Very close to his position is an asterism of several mag 15-16 stars that fits his description "in center of trap[ezoid] of 4 stars". Corwin confirms this group of stars is IC 1329.
******************************
20 46 14.9 -14 01 24; Aqr
Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 110°
24" (7/14/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 3:1 NW-SE, small brighter core.
A mag 14.6 star lies 0.7' N of center. Situated 6' NNE of mag 9.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1330 = J. 1-392 on 16 Jul 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
20 47 48.9 -09 59 45; Aqr
V = 13.7; Size 1.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 85°
17.5" (8/8/02): faint, small, very elongated 3:1 ~E-W,
0.6'x0.2', very small brighter core. A faint star is at the west tip and off
the north side of the east end.
Forms the north vertex of a triangle with mag 8.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1331 = J. 1-393 on 13 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
20 51 51.4 -13 42 41; Aqr
Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 64°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 18" diameter, weak concentration. A mag 8.4 star is 4.6' SW.
24" (7/14/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated SW-NE, ~24"x20", nearly even surface
brightness. Located 5' NE of mag
8.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1332 = J. 1-394 on 16 Jul 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
20 52 17.2 -16 17 09; Cap
Size 1.4'x0.7'; PA = 83°
24" (7/14/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 3:2 ~E-W, 30"x20", gradually increases to the center but no
distinct core or nucleus. Located
10' SW of mag 8.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1333 = J. 1-395 on 4 Aug
1891. His position is 2.4' due
north of
******************************
IC 1334 = IC 1333 = MCG -03-53-008 = PGC 65614
20 52 17.2 -16 17 09; Cap
Size 1.4'x0.7'; PA = 83°
24" (7/14/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~E-W, 30"x20", gradually increases to the center but no distinct core or nucleus. Located 10' SW of mag 8.5 HD 198730.
Stephane Javelle found IC 1334 = J. 1-396 on 22 Jul 1892. His position is accurate. Javelle likely discovered this galaxy the previous August, but his position for IC 1333 was 2' too far north, so he apparently thought it was a different galaxy. Most likely, IC 1333 = IC 1334. PGC labels the galaxy as IC 1334, though IC 1333 refers to the earlier observation.
******************************
20 53 06.1 -16 20 08; Cap
Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint; very small, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness but visible continuously, very slightly brighter nucleus. IC 1334 is 12' WNW. BU 154, a 3" pair of mag 9/10 stars, is 11' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1335 = J. 1-397 on 22 Jul
1892. His position is
accurate. HyperLEDA fails to
identify
******************************
20 55 04.9 -18 02 19; Cap
Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 44°
24" (9/5/18): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, small,
round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness. An E-W string of stars passes just to
the north of the galaxy. Located
8' SE of mag 5.8 19 Capricorni (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1336 = J. 1-398 on 17 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
20 56 52.7 -16 35 09; Cap
Size 1.2'x1.1'
24" (9/5/18): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, round, 25"-30" diameter.
Several mag 13-14 stars are nearby to the west and south and mag 9.7 HD
199296 is 7' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1337 = J. 1-399 on 22 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
20 56 57.8 -16 29 33; Cap
Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 6°
24" (9/5/18): at 225x and 375x; very faint, very small, round, 15"-20" diameter, low even surface brightness. It required a careful look to initially notice this galaxy at 225x. Located 5.7' NNE of brighter IC 1337.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1338 = J. 1-400 on 26 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. HyperLEDA doesn't label this galaxy as IC 1338 and it was classified as "UNVERIFIED" in Sinnott's NGC 2000.0.
******************************
IC 1339 = ESO 598-008 = MCG -03-53-013 = PGC 65799
20 57 55.5 -17 56 34; Cap
V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 52°
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, diffuse oval glow 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30", broad weak concentration with a small slightly brighter nucleus with direct vision.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1339 = J. 1-401 on 17 Aug 1891 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory.
Wolfgang Steinicke uncovered that William Herschel made the
original discovery on 29 Sep 1791 during a sweep of the ecliptic with the
40-foot telescope (48-inch mirror).
The discovery (2nd of only 3 objects, along with
******************************
20 56 12 +31 04; Cyg
Size 25'x20'
17.5": this is part of the intricate southern portion
of the eastern arc (
Truman Safford discovered IC 1340 = Sf. 51 on 13 Sep 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. He noted "possibly connected with h2093 [NGC 6995]." His position is ~1.5' NE of this knot in NGC 6995.
******************************
21 00 16.7 -13 58 35; Aqr
Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 61°
24" (7/11/18): at 375x; faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated WSW-ENE, 30"x20", low uniform surface brightness. A mag 14.8 star is close off the south
edge, 40" from center. A mag
9.7 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1341 = J. 1-402, along with
IC 1346 and
******************************
21 00 25.4 -14 29 45; Aqr
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 74°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, slightly brighter nucleus, 24" diameter. Situated just 2.8' SE of a bright mag
8.8 star.
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 30" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Located 2.8' SE of mag 8.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1342 = J. 1-403 on 20 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
21 01 00.7 -15 24 13; Cap
Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 173°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 N-S, ~25"x10", slightly brighter core.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1343 = J. 1-404 on 4 Aug 1891. There's nothing at his position but just 10 seconds of RA west is this galaxy (matches in declination). Likely he made an error in recording the offset in time.
******************************
21 01 16.5 -13 22 49; Aqr
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.4'; PA = 50°
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; faint or fairly faint,
elongated 2:1 SW-NE, low surface brightness, no core or noticeable zones. A faint star is close to the southwest
end. A mag 13.9 star is 1.2' NE
and collinear with the major axis.
First in a group of 9 IC galaxies within 16'! Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1344 = J. 1-405 on 5 Aug 1891 in a group of galaxies.
******************************
21 01 22.2 -13 23 51; Aqr
Size 0.35'x0.35'
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; extremely to very faint, extremely small, round, 12" diameter. Located 1.7' SE of IC 1344 in a group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1345 = J. 1-406 on 5 Aug 1891
in a group of galaxies. His
position is accurate. This galaxy
is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues and HyperLeda doesn't label its
******************************
IC 1346 = MCG -02-53-019 = PGC 65927
21 01 37.0 -13 57 38; Aqr
Size 0.8'x0.6'
24" (7/11/18): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, fairly small, low uniform surface brightness, 30" diameter. Slightly brighter IC 1350 lies 7.5' NE and slightly fainter IC 1341 is 20' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1346 = J. 1-407, along with
******************************
21 01 44.4 -13 18 47; Aqr
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 1°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, fairly small, round, small brighter nucleus, 25" diameter. Situated 1.3' SE of a mag 10.4 star. Located in a group of 9 IC galaxies, including 7 in a chain.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1347 = J. 1-408 on 5 Aug 1891 in a group. His position is accurate.
******************************
21 01 44.1 -13 21 29; Aqr
Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 155°
24" (9/23/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, small bright nucleus (similar to IC 1347). In a group of 9 IC galaxies with brighter IC 1347 2.7' N.
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; very faint, extremely small, round, 10" diameter. Located in the IC 1344 group of 9 IC galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1348 = J. 1-409 on 5 Aug 1891
in a group of faint galaxies. His
position is accurate. This galaxy is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues
and HyperLeda doesn't label its
******************************
21 01 50.5 -13 15 56; Aqr
Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 51°
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; very faint, very small, round,
15" diameter, low surface brightness. Located in a small group of 9 IC galaxies with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1349 = J. 1-410 on 6 Aug 1891
in a group of faint galaxies. His
position is 30" too far northwest (same offset as
******************************
IC 1350 = IC 1354 = MCG -02-53-021 = PGC 65939
21 01 52.3 -13 51 10; Aqr
Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 160°
24" (7/11/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, faint stellar nucleus. IC 1346 lies 7.5' SSW.
Stephane Javelle found IC 1350 = J. 1-411 on 26 Jul 1892. His position is accurate. Javelle discovered this galaxy (along with IC 1346) on 7 Aug 1891, but he misidentified the offset star used for J. 1-415 (later IC 1354), so his position for IC 1346 is not accurate. In any case, IC 1350 = IC 1354.
******************************
21 01 52.4 -13 12 07; Aqr
Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 25°
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; extremely fant, very small,
slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.3'x0.2'.
Apparently I only picked up the core of this edge-on galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1351 = J. 1-412 on 5 Aug 1891
in a group of faint galaxies. His
position is 30" too far northwest (same offset as IC 1349 and 1355). This
galaxy is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues and HyperLeda doesn't label
its
******************************
21 01 54.9 -13 23 03; Aqr
Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 30°
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; very faint, very small slightly elongated, 15"x10" or 15"x12". A mag 14 star is close north [33"]. The DSS and PanSTARRS image shows a mag 15.5 at the south edge. This star was unresolved from the galaxy. Located on the SE side of a group of 9 faint IC galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1352 = J. 1-413 on 5 Aug 1891
in a group. His position is
accurate. This galaxy is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues and
HyperLeda doesn't label
******************************
21 01 56.3 -13 16 22; Aqr
Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 134°
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; extremely faint and small, round, only glimpsed occasionally. Located 1.5' ESE of IC 1349 in a group of 9 IC galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1353 = J. 1-414 on 6 Aug 1891
in a group of faint galaxies. His
position is just off the west side of
******************************
IC 1354 = IC 1350 = MCG -02-53-021 = PGC 65939
21 01 52.3 -13 51 10; Aqr
Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 160°
24" (7/11/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, faint stellar nucleus. IC 1346 lies 7.5' SSW.
MCG -02-53-022 = FGC 2301, situated 11' NE, appeared faint, very elongated 4:1 NNW-SSE, 40"x10", low even surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1354 = J. 1-415, along with
IC 1346, on 7 Aug 1891. There is
nothing at either position, but Harold Corwin found that based on their
relative positions, he misidentified his offset star. Once corrected his offsets for IC 1354 match
******************************
21 01 58.4 -13 10 23; Aqr
Size 0.4'x0.4'
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; very faint or faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located at the northeast side of a group of 9 IC galaxies in a 16' diameter (many in a N-S string).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1355 = J. 1-416 on 6 Aug 1891
in a group of faint galaxies. His
position is 27" too far northwest (same offset as IC 1349 and 1351). This
galaxy is not in any of the major galaxy catalogues and HyperLeda doesn't label
its
******************************
IC 1356 = MCG -03-53-022 = PGC 65965
21 02 53.0 -15 48 41; Cap
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 163°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated N-S, 20" diameter, very small slightly brighter nucleus. A 10th mag star is 3' WSW. IC 1343 is 36' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1356 = J. 1-417 on 16 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
21 05 57.3 -10 42 58; Aqr
Size 1.2'x0.6'; PA = 38°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x; very faint and small, ~15"
diameter. Generally, I only
noticed the brighter core region, but occasionally it elongated SW-NE,
0.4'x0.3'. Located 6.5' SSE of mag
8.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1357 = J. 1-418 on 13 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
21 06 29.4 -16 12 16; Cap
Size 0.5'x0.25'; PA = 30°
24" (9/21/22): faint, small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE,
20"x10", small brighter nucleus. Located 17' SW of mag 7.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1358 = J. 1-419 on 16 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
21 08 43.0 +12 29 03; Del
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 171°
24" (7/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
very elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 50"x16". Unusual appearance with a small, prominent, sharply defined
core. The edge-on arms appeared as
thin, much fainter extensions or wings.
Located 16' SSE of mag 7.7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1359 = Sw. 9-96 on 11 Sep 1889 and
recorded "eeF; eS; stellar; eF * attached." His position is 40" SW of center of
******************************
21 10 50.3 +05 04 17; Equ
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 20°
17.5" (7/22/01): extremely faint and small, round,
10" diameter, low surface brightness. A bit easier to view than
17.5" (11/25/00): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter (probably viewed core only), low even surface brightness. A faint star is close NW [34" from center]. A group of 5 mag 12-13 stars (four in a curving string) lie just to the north.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1360 = J. 2-792, along with IC 1361, on 19 Aug 1893.
******************************
IC 1361 = UGC 11692 = MCG +01-54-002 = CGCG 401-005 = PGC 66297
21 11 29.1 +05 03 16; Equ
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 45°
17.5" (7/22/01): extremely faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. Forms a near equilateral triangle with a 30" pair of mag 13 stars 3' WSW and a mag 11.5 star 3' SSE. Located 10' E of IC 1360.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1361 = J. 2-793, along with IC 1360, on 19 Aug 1893.
******************************
21 11 52.6 +02 19 45; Aqr
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 167°
24" (10/6/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round,
15"-20" diameter, occasionally slightly elongated, low surface
brightness, very small brighter nucleus.
Visible continuously at 375x.
Located 9' ESE of mag 8.6
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1362 = Spitaler 24 on 29 Sep 1891. He described it as "Air good, but a bit hazy. Very faint, round nebula of at most 1/4' diameter; 1/2' NE of the nebula is a mag 14 star. Excentric to the middle, I notice at times a faint star." His position is accurate.
******************************
21 10 40.4 +46 52 11; Cyg
Size 2'x1.5'
24" (9/5/18): at 124x; IC 1363 is an unremarkable group of stars just north of a BD 46°3214, set within an excellent Milky Way field. The BD star is an uncatalogued double consisting of a mag 10/11 pair at ~6" separation and another mag 11 star is 1' NE. Just north of this latter star are several mag 13.5-14.5 stars within a 2' region that apparently caught Espin's eye while sweeping. But the general 50' field is nearly as rich in small clumps and strings of stars.
Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 1363 while sweeping for red stars on 9 Sep 1893 with his 17.3-inch Calver reflector. He noted "Faint, extending N. from DM +46 3214, 9.4 mag." The magnitude applies to the star, not the "nebula." On the north side of this brighter star are several very faint stars. Corwin estimates the size of the asterism as ~2' x 1.5'.
******************************
21 13 24.6 +02 46 11; Equ
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 130°
17.5" (8/8/02): faint, small, slightly elongated,
0.5'x0.4'. Weak even concentration
to a faint stellar nucleus.
Located 2.7' NW of mag 9.4
17.5" (5/10/91): faint, small, round, small slightly
brighter core. Located 2.6' NW of
mag 9.2 SAO 126626. A mag 8 star
lies 6.5' WNW and a mag 7 star is 12' SW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1364 = Sp. 25 on 30 Sep 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna. Stephane Javelle found it just 3 nights later with the 30-inch refractor at Nice!
******************************
IC 1365 = MCG +00-54-007 = CGCG 375-015 = II Zw 108 = VV 508 = PGC 66381
21 13 56.0 +02 33 56; Equ
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 57°
48" (10/27/19): this remarkable, merging galaxy contains
4 distinct nuclei in a nearly 60"x30" glow oriented WSW-ENE. The central two nuclei are separated by
only 7" N-S, but were resolved cleanly at 976x. The fainter southern nuclei was faint, very small, round,
~10" diameter, while the northern core was nearly moderately bright and
~15" diameter. The
outer nuclei were both 20" from the center; the western one (catalogued as
Additional group members are nearby.
24" (10/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', broad concentration, slightly brighter core. An extremely compact companion (IC 1365 NED02) is at the edge of the halo on the west side. It appeared very faint, round, ~6" diameter. The main glow forms an isosceles triangle with a mag 12 star 1.7' E and a mag 12.4 star 1.7' SSW.
LEDA 1232711, situated 4' NE, appeared very faint (V = 15.2), round, only 12"-15" diameter. An extremely faint star (V = 16.4) is less than 30" E. The galaxy forms the north vertex of an equilateral triangle with two 13th mag stars 1.1' SW and 1.2' S.
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; the main component of this multiple system (IC 1365 NED01) appeared faint, small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 0.4'x0.3', small brighter nucleus. Just at or off the west end [21" between centers] is a faint, extremely small glow (IC 1365 NED02), ~6" diameter. A third component at the east end of the halo was difficult to confirm. The combined glow of the 2 or 3 components extends 40" WSW-ENE.
17.5" (8/8/02): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.8'x0.6'. Smooth, fairly low surface brightness.
17.5" (5/10/91): very faint, extremely small, round,
almost stellar but there is a faint extension to the west of the core. IC 1364 lies 15' NW and
Edward Swift, Lewis' 20 year-old son, discovered IC 1365 = Sw. 10-48 = Spitaler 26 on 28 Sep 1891 while searching for Comet Tempel-Swift. Rudolph Spitaler independently found the galaxy just two days later at Vienna and noted there appeared to be a second feeble nebula preceding by a few seconds. The SDSS reveals several very faint neighbors within the halo (Spitaler's nebula is IC 1365 NED02).
******************************
21 14 08.0 +01 46 34; Aqr
Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 23°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated, ~18" diameter, a very faint star (mag 16.5) is nearly attached at the NE edge. A right triangle of stars (brightest mag 10.7) is close SW.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1366 = Spitaler 27 on 26 Sep 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna. He reported (loosely translated), "Faint, irregularly round nebula. Situated between a star 11th mag and a 13th mag. Increases in the middle, a stellar center sometimes seen in the nebula."
******************************
IC 1367 = CGCG 375-019 = PGC 66390
21 14 09.7 +02 59 37; Equ
V = 14.4; Size 0.3'x0.2'
17.5" (5/10/91): very faint, very small, round, very low even surface brightness. A mag 12 star is 1.0' WNW. Located ~15' NW of NGC 7046 and 18' NE of IC 1364.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1367 = J. 1-421 on 30 Sep 1891.
******************************
21 14 12.6 +02 10 41; Aqr
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.35'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 47°
48" (10/27/19): at 542x; between moderately bright and fairly bright, fairly large, very elongated 7:2 SW-NE, ~1.0'x0.3', brighter core, hint of structure in the outer extensions. Located 15' WSW of IC 1370. Observed in windy conditions.
24" (9/16/17): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval or spindle 5:2 SW-NE, ~40"x18", weak concentration. IC 1370 lies 15' ENE.
Edward Swift discovered IC 1368 = Sw. 10-49 on 28 Sep 1891 and reported "eeeF; S; R; eee diff.; Found searching for Comet Tempel-Swift." Howe reobserved the galaxy around 1900 and commented "on each two nights I noted it as much elongated at 225° [SW-NE]." Howe's description is accurate.
******************************
21 12 07 +47 46 00; Cyg
V = 8.8; Size 5'
18" (7/30/03): this fairly rich open cluster was picked
up while observing dark nebula
13.1" (9/3/83): 15 faint stars over haze, fairly small, appears rich.
8" (8/12/83, Mt. Hamilton): rich glowing spot with many very faint stars at visual threshold over haze with averted. Also a small group of five stars in the field to the E. A wide pair ß159 = 6.0/7.5 at 135" is in the field 18' WSW.
Carl Frederick Pechüle discovered IC 1369 on 27 Apr 1891 using the 11-inch Merz refractor at the Copenhagen Observatory (1894AN....136..317P). Rev. Thomas Espin independently discovered the cluster on 9 Sep 1893 with his 17 1/4-inch Calver reflector in England and recorded "Faint, large, many small stars."
******************************
IC 1370 = CGCG 375-021 = II Zw 111 = PGC 66418
21 15 14.3 +02 11 31; Aqr
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 54°
48" (10/29/19): IC 1370 is a multiple system with the largest and brightest galaxy at the east side. At 610x it appeared moderately bright, fairly small, round, fairly high surface brightness, 15"-18" diameter, sharp bright stellar nucleus. A mag 16 star is just 10" E of center and a mag 14.5 star is 0.9' NE. Located 3.5' W of a mag 10 star.
An extremely faint galaxy (V = 17.6) was seen 12" W of
center of IC 1370. In addition,
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. At first I thought it had a faint stellar nucleus, but this a 16th mag star at the east edge. IC 1368 lies 15' W.
24" (8/12/15): at 375x; faint, very small, round, ~10"-12" in diameter. Forms an extremely close "pair" with a mag 16 star [10" east of center], close to the edge of the small halo!
An extremely faint, stellar or nearly stellar object was occasionally glimpsed close to the west [by 24"]. This was probably LEDA 1219013, itself a double system, with a B magnitude close to 17. IC 1370 is located 3.5' S of a mag 9.5 star and the same distance west of a mag 10.1 star, so it forms the southwest vertex of an isosceles right triangle with the two stars.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1370 = J. 1-422 on 5 Oct 1891 and recorded "vF, 2 F st inv". At least one of these "stars" (as in my observation) is likely one of the components of this multiple system. On the SDSS, there are a total of 5 galaxies, with at least 4 apparently interacting.
******************************
21 20 15.6 -04 52 36; Aqr
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 13°
24" (9/5/18): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, ~35"x25", very small slightly brighter nucleus. A trio of stars is 4' W, including two mag 11 stars. IC 1371 is located 22' SW of mag 5.9 16 Aquarii.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1371 = J. 1-423 on 15 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
21 20 17.1 -05 36 16; Aqr
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 127°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated NW-SE, 0.4'x0.3', broad mild concentration. Situated 12' SE of 8th mag HD 203000. A 15th mag star is 40" SSE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1372 = J. 1-424 on 19 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
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21 20 37.2 +01 05 33; Aqr
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (9/5/18): at 375x: fairly faint, small, round,
18" diameter. Located 9' S of
mag 8.0
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1373 = Spitaler 28 on 25 Sep 1891. He described "Faint, round nebula of 1/4' diameter and similar to a mag 13 star. Large, fuzzy core = mag 14. There is a whole nest of very faint nebula in this area; the observed one is the northernmost and most easily visible of 3. Since UGC 11724 is just south of IC 1371, he likely saw the UGC.
******************************
21 21 02.6 +01 42 47; Aqr
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint, small, round,
15" diameter. Situated 1.6'
NW of a mag 9.7 star and 24' NW of mag 6.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1374 = J. 1-425 on 5 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
21 20 59.8 +03 59 08; Equ
V = 14.2; Size 0.4'x0.4'
17.5" (10/13/01): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. A mag 14 star lies 2.0' NE. A mag 15 star at the north edge was not seen in mediocre seeing.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1375 = J. 1-426 on 5 Oct 1891.
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21 25 26.6 +04 18 52; Equ
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.4'
17.5" (11/25/00): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, very weak concentration. Forms an obtuse angle with a mag 11 star 4' due south and a mag 10.5 star 5' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1377 = J. 1-427 on 9 Oct 1891.
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21 26 01.3 +03 05 51; Equ
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.4'
17.5" (7/22/01): extremely faint, very small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 20"x10". Located 1' E of a mag 13.5 star and 1.6' SE a mag 11.5 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1379 = J. 1-428 on 29 Jul 1892.
******************************
21 27 11.0 +02 43 04; Peg
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, at most 0.3' diameter. A 10' string of 7-8 stars oriented SW-NE passes to the SE of the galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1380 = J. 1-429 on 3 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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21 27 33.7 -01 11 19; Aqr
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 60°
18" (8/14/07): extremely faint, very small, slightly
elongated SW-NE, 20"x15".
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1381 = J. 1-430, along with IC 1383 and 1385, on 6 Nov 1891.
******************************
21 22 07.5 +18 39 56; Peg
V = 12.9; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7
See observing notes for
Truman Safford found IC 1382 = Sf. 55 on 29 Sep 1866 and recorded "pF, pS, iF." There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin found his RA is nearly five minutes larger than NGC 7056 and a good match in declination. Although not certain, Corwin concludes "NGC 7056 is probably equal to IC 1382.".
******************************
IC 1383 = CGCG 375-037 = PGC 66792
21 27 39.6 -01 06 08; Aqr
V = 15.4; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 126°
18" (8/14/07): extremely faint and small, 10"x5" NW-SE. Situated between two mag 10.5-11 stars oriented NW-SE with a separation of 4'. Located 5.4' NNE of IC 1381.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1383 = J. 1-431, along with IC 1381 and 1385, on 6 Nov 1891.
******************************
21 27 53.1 -01 22 07; Aqr
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.5'
18" (8/14/07): extremely faint, very small, round, 0.3' diameter, very low even surface brightness. Two mag 15.5 stars are less than 1' W and a third is a 1' NW. Located 17' N of NGC 7069.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1384 = J. 1-432 on 6 Nov 1891. His position is ~1' too far north.
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21 28 51.2 -01 04 12; Aqr
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.5'
18" (8/14/07): extremely faint, very small, round, 21" diameter. Farthest north in a group of 5 IC galaxies to the north of NGC 7069.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1385 = J. 1-433, along with IC 1381 and 1385, on 6 Nov 1891 Discovered by Javelle.
******************************
21 29 37.4 -21 11 44; Cap
V = 13.2; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 131°
24" (9/8/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 25" diameter, broad concetration but no distinct core. A nice pair
of star (~11" separation) lies 3.8' SSW and a wider fainter pair (15"
separation) is 3.0' ENE. Located
3.2° NW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1386 = J. 1-434 on 22 Aug 1892. His position is accurate. It's curious, though, that he described this galaxy as "bi-nuclear or a nebulous double star", as it is only a single E/S0 type.
******************************
21 29 34.5 -01 21 03; Aqr
V = 14.6; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.0
18" (8/14/07): faint, small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE,
24"x16", low even surface brightness. A mag 14 star lies 27" N. Located 28' NE of NGC 7069 and furthest east in a group of 5
IC galaxies discovered by Javelle about 1.5 degrees SW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1387 = J. 1-435 on 6 Nov 1891.
******************************
21 29 52.2 -00 37 53; Aqr
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 137°
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 25"x20", well concentrated with a very small bright core surrounded by a faint, thin halo. Located 54' WNW of the gorgeous globular cluster M2.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1388 = Sw. 10-50 on 8 Sep 1891 and
reported "eF; vS; v wide D * nr nf." His position is 2' SSE of
******************************
21 32 07.8 -18 01 06; Cap
Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 118°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x; very faint, small, roundish, 20" diameter, very low even surface brightness. A mag 14.6 star is 1' E. Saturn was 2° away at the time of this observation.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1389 = J. 1-436 on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
21 32 24.8 -01 51 45; Aqr
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (9/21/22): at 325x; faint, fairly small, very
diffuse, roundish, 0.4' diameter, low even surface brightness. Situated 6' NNE of mag 9.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1390 = J. 1-437 on 4 Dec 1891. His position is accurate.
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21 35 00.4 -00 30 41; Aqr
V = 15.0; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 84°
24" (9/8/18): at 260x; very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 15 star is 1' SW. Located only 30' NE of the center of showpiece globular cluster M2.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1391 = J. 1-438 on 3 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
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21 35 32.8 +35 23 53; Cyg
V = 11.5; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 75°
24" (10/18/12): fairly bright, moderately large, oval
4:3 WSW-ENE, 0.7'x0.45'. Sharply
concentrated with a high surface brightness 25" core and quasi-stellar
nucleus. The outer halo is much
fainter and extends ~45". A
mag 12.8 star is 50" NE and a similar mag 12.5 star is 40" SW. Several additional stars including a
close double are off the SW side.
17.5" (8/11/96): fairly faint, small, elongated 5:3 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.5', moderately high surface brightness with a brighter core. Situated within a short string of three stars with a mag 12.5 star 0.9' NNE and two mag 12 stars 0.8' and 1.2' SSW. The further southern star has a mag 15 companion close following [9" separation] and there are also two mag 14.5-15.5 stars following the nearer mag 12 star off the south side. Forms a pair with faint UGC 11775 4.2' SE.
17.5" (7/16/93): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x 0.4'. A mag 13 star is 0.9' NNE of center.
Truman Safford discovered IC 1392 = Sf. 50 on 12 Sep 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory and recorded "pB, very much brighter in the middle, nebulous star." His position is accurate.
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21 40 14.2 -22 24 40; Cap
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 172°
18" (8/9/10): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2
N-S, 24"x16", very weak concentration. This member of ACO S963 is located 2.7' ENE of
18" (8/11/07): very faint, very small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 20"x10", very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Located 2.7' ENE of NGC 7104 within cluster ACO S963.
17.5" (10/13/90): very faint, very small, round, small
bright core. Third brightest in
the
Ormond Stone discovered IC 1393 = LM(S) 823 on 16 Oct 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander-McCormick Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.
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21 40 13.0 +14 37 59; Peg
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 0°
24" (9/16/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, contains a well defined small bright nucleus.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1394 = Sw. 8-100 on 14 Sep 1887 and reported "eF; S; R." His RA is 7 seconds too small, within his usual errors.
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21 41 41.4 +04 06 16; Peg
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (9/21/22): fairly faint (easy in comparison to most Javelle discoveries), small, round, 20" diameter, very small or stellar nucleus. J 1790, a mag 11 pair at 2.3" separation, is 6' NE. It was close, but cleanly resolved at 230x.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1395 = J. 1-439 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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21 39 06 +57 30; Cep
Size 170'x140'
17.5" (8/22/98): the "Elephant's Trunk" is an
unusual cometary globule (associated with star formation) on the west side of
IC 1396, a huge but faint HII complex. The highest contrast was using a UHC
filter at 100x. A 15'x5' lane was
evident oriented WSW-ENE, particularly by gently rocking the scope back and
forth. The "tail" of the globule or elephant's "trunk"
heads west and is weakly illuminated on the edges, particularly on the south
side. Near the "head" is
a mag 9 star (
17.5" (8/12/96): This HII region is most prominent with
a UHC filter at 100x surrounding the triple star (
In the 16x80 finder unfiltered, the entire cluster is clearly encased in a faint glow at least two degrees in diameter though the nebulosity seems to be more prominent along the curving lanes of the cluster. The Daystar 300 filter gives a mild enhancement but dims the stars so the overall view is not as pleasing. Mu Cephei (Herschel's Garnet Star) is at the northeast edge of the nebulosity, ~1.5° from the center.
18" (7/11/10):
16x80 (9/29/84 and 8/26/89): using a UHC filter appears as a very large, irregular nebulous glow (about 2° diameter). Very faint but definite when compared without filter. Surrounds STF 2816 = 5.8/7.7 at 12" and a large, faint, scattered star group. Visible without a filter as an extremely large, hazy region surrounding STF 2816 and fainter stars.
Naked-eye (11/30/21): IC 1396 was a very large, prominent circular glow using a handheld 1x image-intensifier monocular (PVS-14 L3 Gen3 Un-Filmed White Phosphor model) and a narrowband H-alpha filter. The nebula showed darker structure and subtle lanes.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1396 on a photographic plate taken with the Willard lens in 1893. He commented in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Clusters connected with the Milky Way" (Astr. & Astro-Phys. 13, 177-182 (1894)) that "A magnificent specimen of these [nebulous masses] I have found on one of my plates in Cepheus which was given an exposure of seven hours. This a mixture of bright stars and nebulosity. The diffused portion of this nebulosity conforms in its peculiarities with the general structure of the Milky Way, showing it be actually mixed up with the ground work of star. The brightest star of this group is DM +56° 2617."
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21 44 02.3 -04 53 05; Aqr
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.45'; PA = 171°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; fairly faint,
elongated 2:1 N-S, 25" major axis, good surface brightness, very small
brighter nucleus. A mag 13.6 star
is 2' SSE. Located 10' SW of mag
6.7
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1397 = J. 1-440 on 15 Sep
1892. His position is
accurate. HyperLEDA doesn't
recognized its
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21 45 51.4 +09 28 31; Peg
V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 70°
24" (8/12/18): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, 0.5'x0.4', diffuse with only a weak concentration. A mag 9.5 star is 2.3' ENE. Located 34' SE of mag 2.4 Enif (Epsilon Peg).
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1398 = Spitaler 29 on 6 Nov
1891. He reported "Very faint
nebula of 1/4' diameter, central condensation = star 15. Slightly fainter than
nebula
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21 46 08.9 +04 24 08; Peg
V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 162°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x; faint, small, round, at most
20" diameter, low surface brightness, very small slightly brighter
nucleus. Located 15' W of mag 7.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1399 = J. 1-441 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is just off the east side of the galaxy.
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21 46 59.5 +01 42 45; Aqr
V = 13.8; Size 1.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 175°
17.5" (8/8/02): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 7:2 N-S, 1.1'x0.3', brighter core. A faint star is superimposed on the SE end.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1401 = J. 1-442 on 5 Nov 1891.
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21 50 56.4 -09 16 00; Cap
Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 30°
24" (9/21/22): relatively bright for a Javelle
discovery (30" refractor), between fairly faint and moderately bright,
round, 25" diameter, well concentrated with a small bright nucleus. Located 18' SSE of mag 6.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1404 = J. 1-444 on 27 Aug
1892. His position is
accurate. This galaxy is missing
from the PGC and HyperLEDA doesn't recognize
******************************
21 50 49.8 +02 01 15; Aqr
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 115°
24" (9/5/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, weak concentration. A mag
13.5/14.5 double star (~8" separation) lies 45" NW. Forms a pair with
17.5" (8/8/02): very faint, very small, round. A very faint close double star is just off the NW edge [40" from the center]. Forms a pair with IC 1406 4.2' ESE, which was not seen.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1405 = J. 1-445 on 5 Nov 1891
. MCG misidentifies
******************************
IC 1406 = CGCG 376-038 = PGC 67478
21 51 04.9 +01 59 13; Aqr
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.45'; PA = 65°
24" (9/5/18): at 375x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Forms a pair with slightly brighter and larger IC 1405, which is situated 4.2' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1406 = J. 1-446 on 5 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
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21 52 23.4 +03 25 38; Peg
Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, small,
round, 24" diameter, very faint stellar nucleus. This is a double system (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1407 = J. 1-447 on 4 Aug
1892. His position is 45" too
far south (probably due to an error in the position of his offset star). RNGC, PGC and HyperLEDA misidentify IC
1407 as
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21 53 09.0 -13 20 48; Cap
Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 36°
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated nearly 2:1 SW-NE, ~35"x20". Contains a very small bright nucleus that is nearly stellar. Located 12' NNW of mag 5.1 Mu Capricorni. A distinctive arc of four mag 10.5-11.5 stars extends from 2' E to 3.5' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1408 = J. 1-448 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
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21 56 02.1 -02 54 01; Aqr
V = 13.9; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 132°
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; faint, small, slightly
elongated, ~20"x15", even surface brightness, visible
continuously. Situated 11' NE of
mag 8.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1410 = J. 1-450 on 19 Sep
1892. His position is accurate.
This galaxy is not included in the original PGC and HyperLEDA doesn't identify
******************************
21 56 00.6 -01 31 01; Aqr
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 38°
24" (8/12/18): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, compact, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, sharply concentrated with a very bright small core. The core is surrounded by a very low surface brightness but it was too faint to estimate a size or orientation. A mag 14.8 star is 50" NE of center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1411 = J. 1-451 on 6 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
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21 58 18.5 -17 10 34; Cap
Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 102°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x; fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 ~E-W, 0.9'x0.3', fairly strong bright core. A 15th mag star is just off the NE edge.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1412 = J. 1-452 on 26 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
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21 58 18.0 +08 25 26; Peg
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round,
very small bright core, high surface brightness, 25" diameter. Brightest in a trio (WBL 675) with CGCG
403-007 3.3' SSW and
CGCG 403-010: faint, small, round, low surface brightness, 25" diameter.
Rudlolph Spitaler discovered IC 1414 = Spitatler 30 on 25
Oct 1891 and reported "sky conditions excellent. Very faint, round nebula
of 1/4' diameter. About 20" south of it, a little ahead, is a mag 15 star
and further south a mag 13.5 star."
There is nothing at his position, though preceding are 3 CGCG galaxies,
with MCG (and apparently PGC) selecting 403-010 as IC 1414. But Harold Corwin recomputed the
position using accurate coordinates for the offset star, and found it fell close
to
******************************
21 58 42.4 +01 21 26; Aqr
17.5" (11/28/97): a mag 15-15.5 star was observed at Bigourdan's position.
By coincidence there is an 18th magnitude galaxy close southeast of this star which I could not see and this galaxy is certainly too faint to have been detected by Bigourdan.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1415 = Big. 229, along
with
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22 00 21.6 -13 08 50; Aqr
V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.4'; PA = 109°
24" (9/22/17): at 260x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, very elongated, 3:1 or 7:2 WNW-ESE, 0.9'x0.3', contains a small brighter
elongated core with faint extensions, a mag 15 star is at or just off the ESE
end. Located 12' NW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1417 = J. 1-454 on 4 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
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22 01 59.9 +04 23 04; Peg
V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.1
24" (9/21/22): at 325x; faint, fairly small, round, low
surface brightness, 25" diameter.
Situated 5' S of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1418 = J. 1-455 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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22 02 31.7 +19 45 02; Peg
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.6
24" (9/27/14): at 375x I found the view of this object confusing. It generally appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, generally oval E-W, ~30"x20". But sometimes it appeared elongated 2:1 at 40"x20", with a brighter knot, just east of center, which seemed like a very compact nucleus (or a merged companion). A mag 13.5 star is 0.6' N.
17.5" (7/27/95): faint, small, elongated 3:2 E-W,
30"x20", broad very weak concentration with no distinct core. A mag 13.5 star lies 30" N of
center. There appears to a
brighter spot at the east end. This is a compact companion listed in NED as IC
1420 NED02 and in LEDA as
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1420 = Sw. 9-97 on 18 Sep 1889 and
recorded "eeF; pS; R; bet 2 nr F stars in meridian." His position is 19 sec of RA due west
of
******************************
22 03 00.1 +02 35 56; Peg
V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.3'
24" (9/5/18): at 375x; very faint, very small, round,
only 12" diameter. A mag 14
star is 1.4' SE and a mag 15.3 star is 1.0' NW. Brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1422 = J. 2-794, along with IC 1425 and 1428, on 19 Aug 1893. His position is less than 30" too far north, although neither CGCG, PGC or HyperLEDA linked IC 1422 with their equivalent catalog entries.
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IC 1423 = UGC 11883 = MCG +01-56-010 = CGCG 403-018 = PGC 67931
22 03 12.7 +04 17 51; Peg
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.45'
24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.25'. Appears as a dim, uniform "slash" (perhaps the bar). Located 8' SW of mag 8.3 HD 209472. IC 1418 lies 19' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1423 = J. 1-458 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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IC 1425 = CGCG 377-018 = PGC 67939
22 03 24.5 +02 35 42; Peg
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (9/5/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, gradually increases to a very small bright nucleus. IC 1422 lies 6' W and IC 1428 is 16' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1425 = J. 3-795, along with IC 1422 and 1428, on 19 Aug 1893. His position is accurate.
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22 03 35.2 +15 06 24; Peg
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 103°
24" (9/5/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, small bright core, occasional stellar nucleus. Surrounded by several mag 15 stars. A mag 10.7 star is 3.3' W and a nice asterism with 9 stars in a 2' group lies ~10' W.
Truman Safford discovered IC 1427 = Sf. 52 on 14 Sep 1866 and reported "vF, vS, Neb M[iddle]." His position is 15 seconds of RA too far west. There are no other nearby galaxies so this identification is secure.
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22 04 27.7 +02 37 51; Peg
V = 15.2; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 61°
24" (9/5/18): at 375x; very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 25"x15", low surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is 45" S and a mag 9.5 star is 3' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1428 = J. 2-79, along with IC 1422 and 1425, on 19 Aug 1893. His position is accurate.
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22 07 29.8 -13 34 52; Aqr
Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 55°
24" (9/7/18): very faint, small, round, 20"
diameter, low surface brightness.
Located 5.5' W of mag 8.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1430 = J. 1-460, along with
IC 1431, on 26 Aug 1892. There is
nothing at either of his positions, but apparently he made a 1.0 minute error
in RA (too large). I found he
misidentified his offset star, which was
******************************
IC 1431 = MCG -02-56-015 = PGC 68087
22 07 39.6 -13 30 48; Aqr
Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (9/7/18): very faint, small, round, 30", diffuse, low surface brightness. A faint mag 15 star is 1' W. Forms a similar pair with IC 1431 4.8' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1431 = J. 1-461, along with IC 1430, on 26 Aug 1892. See IC 1430.
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22 12 10.6 -12 45 56; Aqr
Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 99°
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, elongated E-W, 20" diameter, irregular surface brightness. Not difficult with averted. Situated on a line between two mag 12.4 stars 2' NNE and 3' SSW.
Checking images later, this is a double or triple system oriented E-W as described above. The two nuclei are separated by just 10".
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1433 = J. 1-462 on 2 Nov 1891. He described it as "faint, small, elongated in the sense of the diurnal movement [east-west], with condensation." IC 1433 is a contact triple with the two main components elongated E-W as in Javelle's description.
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22 10 27 +52 50.4; Lac
Size 8'
17.5" (7/29/92): about 100 stars in a 15' diameter. Three mag 9 stars form a triangle on the south side. The extensions almost fill the 20' field. Long sprays of stars intersect near the center at a mag 10.5 star. A long ray extends ENE for 11' and contains 30 stars. A ray to the WSW of 11' length has 16 stars including a close triple star. There are two more sprays to the NW of 6' length. The cluster has no distinct borders. The surrounding Lacerta Milky Way region was breathtaking, scanning with a 20 mm Nagler. Located 2.1° WNW of mag 4.4 Beta Lacertae.
8" (8/12/83): ~50 stars at 200x, over haze, includes two strings on the east side, brighter stars at the south edge.
Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 1434 around 1893 with his 17.3-inch Calver reflector at his private observatory in England while sweeping for red stars. He recorded "A remarkable cluster with six distinct radiating branches. Stars from 12 to 15." His rough position is fairly accurate. IC 1434 was confirmed as an open cluster in 2011A&A...530A..32B ("Star clusters or asterisms? 2MASS CMD and structural analyses of 15 challenging targets.") at a distance of roughly 8500 +/- 2000 light years.
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22 13 26.3 -22 05 48; Aqr
Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 9°
24" (9/6/18): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20", contains a round brighter core.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1435 = J. 1-463 on 25 Jul 1892. His position is accurate.
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22 15 45.1 +02 03 57; Lac
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2
17.5" (8/8/02): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, 0.8'x0.7', weak concentration.
Located 7.6' NE of mag 8.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1437 = J. 1-465 on 5 Nov 1891.
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22 16 29.1 -21 25 50; Aqr
V = 11.7; Size 2.4'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.3
24" (8/16/12): fairly bright, fairly large, sharply
concentrated with a small very bright 20" core. The core is surrounded by a large, roundish halo with a
fairly even surface brightness, ~1.5' diameter.
17.5" (7/25/95): moderately bright, moderately large, round, 1.5' diameter, even concentration to a bright core and faint, stellar nucleus. A nearly perfect rectangle of mag 13 stars with sides of 2'x1.5' precedes by 4'. Forms a pair with IC 1439 4.2' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1438 = J. 1-466, along with IC 1439, on 20 Jul 1892 with the 30-inch f/23 Henry Bros. refractor at the Nice Observatory.
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IC 1439 = ESO 602-002 = KTS 68B = PGC 68476
22 16 40.1 -21 29 09; Aqr
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 27°
24" (8/16/12): fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 SSW-NNE, ~30"x20". Fainter of a pair with IC 1438 4.2' NW.
17.5" (7/25/95): very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.5', slightly brighter core. Forms a pair with brighter IC 1438 4.2' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1439 = J. 1-467, along with IC 1438, on 20 Jul 1892.
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22 16 33.2 -16 00 59; Aqr
Size 1.3'x0.35'; PA = 76°
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; fairly faint, contains a
bright core ~15" diameter.
With averted vision, thin "wings" extend ~~E-W, increasing the
size to 45"x15". A mag
10.7 star is 4' WNW. IC 1440 is
located 13' WSW of mag 7.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1440 = J. 1-468 on 25 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
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22 15 19.2 +37 18 06; Lac
V = 14.7; Size 1.0'x0.5; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 35°
17.5" (7/15/93): third of 7 in the
17.5" (7/28/92): extremely faint, very small, elongated
2:1 SSW-NNE. A mag 11 star is 2'
W. Forms a close pair with
brighter NGC 7240 1.2' SE.
Faintest in the NGC 7242 group with NGC 7242 4' E and
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1441 = Big. 233 on 5 Dec 1888 with the 12" refractor at Lick Observatory. It is shown on his discovery sketch of IC 5192, 5192, 5193, and labeled as nebula "e". Bigourdan independently discovered this galaxy on 25 Sep 1889 and measured an accurate position. As Barnard's sketch wasn't published until 1906, Bigourdan was unaware of his observation and Bigourdan was credited with the discovery in the IC 1.
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22 15 59 +53 59 06; Lac
V = 9.1; Size 3.5'
17.5" (8/5/94): about three dozen stars in a
distinctive curving row oriented SW-NE about 4' diameter with fainter loops at
both ends. A mag 9 star
Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 1442 in 1893 with his 17.25-inch Calver reflector at his private observatory in England (no specific day given in his discovery paper). He recorded "haze round some dozen faint stars." His position is about 5' too far northeast and this error was repeated in modern sources.
Cederblad catalogued this object as
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22 19 03.7 -20 56 24; Aqr
V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 42°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round,
24" diameter, moderate concentration to a small bright core and stellar
nucleus. Located 9' NE of mag 8.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1443 = J. 1-469 on 22 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
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22 22 23.9 +05 08 21; Peg
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 5°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; extremely faint, round, 20" diameter, very low surface brightness. I could only hold it for a couple of seconds at a time. A mag 11.5 star is 5.6' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1444 = J. 1-470 on 1 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
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22 25 30.3 -17 14 36; Aqr
V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 80°
18" (10/16/09): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter. Contains a bright stellar nucleus or a faint star is superimposed.
Ormond Stone discovered IC 1445 = LM(S) 833 on 13 Oct 1887
with the 26" refractor at Leander-McCormick Observatory. The position was
measured several times and the offsets point directly to
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22 29 59.8 -05 07 12; Aqr
V = 12.8; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 100°
24" (9/27/14): moderately bright, oval 5:3 ~E-W,
50"x30", fades out at east and west ends, broad concentration. Contains a large, bulging brighter core
but no obvious nucleus. Located
1.4' S of mag 9.3
Edward Swift discovered IC 1447 = Sw. 10-51 on 29 Sep 1891 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; Munich 12516 3' n; Found searching for Comet Tempel-Swift." The position is 3.6' too far east-southeast. This was apparently the last object that 20 year old Edward discovered using his father's 16" refractor. Herbert Howe measured an accurate RA (13 seconds of time further east than Swift).
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22 34 32.1 -12 56 02; Aqr
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 145°
24" (9/29/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, 25"-30" diameter, slightly elongated, reasonably high surface brightness. Gradually increases to a very small brighter nucleus. Resides in a barren star field.
17.5" (9/15/90): faint, small, round, bright core.
Stephane Javelle found IC 1448 = J. 472 on 2 Nov 1891. His position matches
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22 46 07.5 -10 22 10; Aqr
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (9/21/22): at 325x; between faint and fairly faint,
elongated 2:1 (this impression is probably due to a faint star at the SW edge),
20"-25" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. Located 38' N of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1451 = J. 1-474 on 13 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.
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22 45 59.2 +10 52 03; Peg
V = 14.7; Size 0.75'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 166°
24" (10/1/16): at 260x; with direct vision a sharp mag
14.5-14.8 "star" is easily visible. But averted vision revealed the sharp stellar nucleus of
this galaxy is surrounded by a very small halo, ~6"-8" diameter. The halo was not difficult to pick out
with averted once noticed. IC 1452
forms a close pair (less than 1' NNW) with
24" (7/29/16): at 260x; faint, virtually stellar (uncertain if a star). IC 1452 forms a double system with NGC 7374 [centers separated by 56"]. Apparently I only viewed the stellar nucleus of this galaxy.
17.5" (8/20/88): very faint, extremely small, round. Forms a double system with NGC 7374 57" SSE.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1452 = Big. 235 on 10 Oct
1890. Both Malcolm Thomson and
Harold Corwin noticed a six-degree error in the IC polar distance compared to
Bigourdan's original position (1860 coordinations) in his 5th Comptes Rendus
list. Once corrected, his position
matches
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22 46 54.2 -13 26 59; Aqr
Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 157°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; faint, oval 4:3 N-S, 30" diameter, low surface brightness, diffuse. A N-S string of 3 mag 14-14.5 stars is close, with the mag 14.5 star 1.5' NE. A group of 4 mag 8.5-9.5 stars is ~30' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1453 = J. 1-475 on 3 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
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22 42 25.0 +80 26 32; Cep
V = 14.4; Size 34"x31"
24" (10/3/13): at 225x using an NPB filter, IC 1454
(
18" (10/13/07): easily swept up at 175x, located 4' W
of mag 7.0
18" (10/9/04): easily picked up at 73x just 4' WNW of a 7th magnitude star as a small, well-defined disc. Visible unfiltered at 160x; a couple of mag 14/15 stars are barely off the NE edge of the planetary and a 13th magnitude star lies 1' SE. Good contrast gain with OIII filter. The disc was perfectly round, ~25" diameter with a very crisp edge. The surface brightness appeared a bit irregular but could not verify annularity at this power.
17.5" (10/13/01): picked up at 100x without filter as a faint, small disc situated 4' WNW of a mag 7 star. Excellent contrast gain with an OIII filter and appears as a round, 25" crisp-edged disc. At 220x without filter a faint mag 14/15 pair is at the NE edge. Very nice view using a UHC filter at 140x-220x; the PN was slightly elongated ~E-W but no other details are visible.
17.5" (8/8/91): moderately bright, fairly small, almost round, slightly elongated E-W, 30" diameter. A faint double star mag 14/15 is at the NE edge. Located 3.8' WNW of mag 7 SAO 3785. No central star visible. Pretty planetary at 220x without filter.
14.5" (9/29/21): easily seen unfiltered at 87x as a small evenly lit disc, just 4' W of a mag 7 star. A mag 13 star is close SE [1.0' from center]. Adding an OIII filter produced an excellent contrast gain and a fairly bright disc. The circumference was sharply defined at 140x with a UHC fiilter and a 14th mag star was noted at the NE edge. Increasing to 264x, a 15th mag companion [~14" separation] emerged.
13.1" (8/11/85): at 88x and OIII filter, fairly faint, fairly small, round. Located 4' W of a mag 7 star that detracts from viewing. At 166x with a UHC filter; easy to view, moderately large. Two very faint stars are involved near the NE edge.
William Denning discovered IC 1454 on 9 Aug 1891 with his 10-inch With-Browning reflector (announced in Observatory, 15, 104). He noted it was "rather a difficult object, except on a good night, though I picked it up with a power of only 40. It is noteworthy as being situated in the midst of a region containing very few nebulae." IC 1454 was found by Abell in 1955 on the POSS and listed as #67 of 73 new planetary nebulae. Abell was aware of the earlier IC designation but included it in his list as it wasn't previously recognized as a planetary. In his second list (1966) IC 1454 was renumbered as Abell 81.
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22 53 46.1 +01 22 19; Psc
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.6'; PA = 35°
24" (9/6/18): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small,
round, 25" diameter, moderate surface brightness, contains a small
brighter nucleus. A mag 14 star
1.2' SW and a mag 12 star 1.9' SW are collinear with the galaxy. Located 27' NE of
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 1455 on 23 Sep 1891 with the
36-inch Lick refractor. While
searching for
Spitaler found it again just two weeks later on 6 Oct with the 27-inch refractor at Vienna University Observatory. Spitaler reported, "Faint, round nebula of 1/4' - 1/2' diameter, brighter middle, forming a right-angled triangle with two stars mag 11 with the nebula at the right angle. Between the nebula and the preceding star 11 there is a star 12 closer to the star than to the nebula. I do not see the nebula NGC 7403. It's curious that Coolidge did not notice my nova; or is NGC 7403 identical to the Nova?" But Coolidge's object is probably a single star, like all his other reported discoveries.
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22 56 41.4 -07 22 45; Aqr
V = 13.6; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 144°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, low
surface brightness patch, irregularly round, ~0.6' diameter, slightly irregular
surface brightness but no distinct core. Appears to be a face-on late-type
spiral. Located 10' E of mag 9.5
18" (10/25/03): very faint, small, elongated 3:2
NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.7', low even surface brightness. A 15' string of stars oriented SW-NE with mag 9.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1458 = J. 1-477 on 17 Sep
1892. His position is
accurate. This may be an
independent discovery of
Ormond Stone discovered NGC 7441 = LM 1-260 in 1886 with the
26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory. He recorded "mag 14.0, 0.8' dia, irregularly round, *10
preceding." Stone's rough
position (RA to the nearest minute and Dec marked as uncertain) happens to land
just 14 seconds of RA east of
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22 57 10.5 -36 27 45; Gru
V = 10.0; Size 5.2'x3.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 40°
24" (8/1/19): extremely bright, large, slightly
elongated, very sharp concentration with an intensely bright core and a very
diffuse outer halo that fades out slowly, ~3.5'x3.0'. Bracketed by two mag 11/12 stars ~3' W and ~3' E. Brightest
in the Grus Chain and forms an excellent pair with
18" (10/25/08): very bright, fairly large, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, sharply concentrated with a very bright core. The brightest portion of the halo extends 1.5'x1.1' and this is surrounded by a much dimmer outer envelope. Bracketed by a mag 11 star 3' WNW of center and a mag 12 star 2.7' E. This member of the Grus Chain of 9 galaxies is possibly the brightest southern galaxy missed by John Herschel.
17.5" (8/6/97): bright, fairly large, elongated ~5:4 SW-NE. Well concentrated and dominated by a large, bright core. The halo is quite extensive with averted vision and the dimensions are ~3.5'x3.0'. Situated between a mag 11 star 3' WNW and a mag 12 star a similar distance following. Brightest in a group including IC 5264 just 6' SSW.
17.5" (7/22/87): bright, fairly small, very bright core, slightly elongated halo SW-NE. Located midway between a mag 11 star 3.0' WNW and mag 12 star 2.7' E. Brightest in a large group of galaxies situated in a string N-S with IC 5264 6' SSW.
13.1" (10/20/84): bright, small, round, small bright
nucleus, two stars at equal distance WNW and E. Much easier than nearby
8" (8/1/19): bright, moderately large, round, at least 1.5' diameter, sharp concentration with a very bright round core.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1459 on 13 Dec 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. While searching for Brorsen's Comet (5D/Brorsen), he ran across IC 1459 and several other NGC galaxies. A position computed the next night is just 40" south of center. Barnard published the discovery in a short note titled "An unsuccessful search for Brorsen's Comet 1889-90" in Astronomische Nachrichten 125, 43 (1890). He mentions on the night of December 13th, "several unrecorded nebulae found. One of these, in wide field with [NGC] 7418 and 7421 but not in NGC, deserves special notice. It was small, about 1/2' in diameter, cometary and rather brighter, with a 12m nucleus." He added "Careful filar-micrometer observations were made of it and will be printed in a list of nebulae measured here", but apparently this never occurred. Two nights later he discovered IC 5264 when he reobserved the field.
Lewis Swift independently discovered the galaxy on 10 Jun
1896 (other dates given in different publications) and described Sw. 11-220
(later
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22 57 04.1 +04 40 37; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 157°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x; between faint and fairly faint, slightly elongated, pretty diffuse, broad weak concentration, 20" diameter. Bracketed by two mag 14-15 stars 1.4' W and 1.7' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1460 = J. 1-478 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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22 58 34.3 +15 10 22; Peg
V = 14.4; Size 0.55'x0.5'
24" (9/23/17): at 200x-375x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, very small brighter nucleus.
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, irregular
round, 20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus, irregular halo? Located 8' SE of mag 8.6
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1461 = Sw. 9-98 on 20 Oct 1889 and
reported "eeeF; vS; R."
There is nothing at his position, but 10' north is
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23 03 11.6 -08 59 27; Aqr
V = 13.8/14.4; Size 0.8'
24" (9/7/18): IC 1464 is a a very close pair of
elongated spirals (20" between centers) and the two components were often
resolved at 375x.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1464 = J. 1-479 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate. This is a contact pair of elongated spirals and Javelle noted it appeared to be double.
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23 03 39.1 -02 46 32; Psc
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (9/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, 30"x25", weak concentration.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1466 = J. 1-480 on 7 Nov
1891. His position is
accurate. This galaxy is not
included in the original PGC and HyperLEDA doesn't identify
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IC 1467 = MCG -01-58-017 = PGC 70413
23 04 49.7 -03 13 47; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.35'; PA = 3°
24" (9/6/18): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, elongated 5:3 N-S, ~35"x20", even surface brightness. Forms a pair (similar redshift) with IC 1468 4.7' ENE. IC 1466 lies 33' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1467 = J. 1-481, along with nearby IC 1468, on 19 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.
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IC 1468 = MCG -01-58-019 = PGC 70429
23 05 07.6 -03 12 16; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.7'; PA = 151°
24" (9/6/18): at 375x; faint or fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 35"x25", weak concentration. Forms a pair with IC 1467 4.7' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1468 = J. 1-482, along with nearby IC 1467, on 19 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.
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IC 1470 = Sh 2-156 = Ced 208 = Hb 10 = PP 104 = GM 1-79
23 05 10.3 +60 14 37; Cep
Size 1.2'x0.75'
18" (9/24/05): small, high surface brightness elongated glow extending from an 11th magnitude star. At 115x, the nebulosity was not noticeably enhanced with an OIII filter but the UHC filter improved the contrast. Easily takes 225x and the oval nebula appears to hang to the south-southeast of the bright star. A faint, close, equal mag double (STI 1138 = 12.7/12.7 at 4.6") lies 2' west. A fairly striking, uncatalogued 5'x4' ring of stars follows by 9'. The NW star in the ring (QT Cep) is encased in a faint glow (BFS 17).
18" (8/17/04): at 220x, this is a fairly bright, moderately large, 1' tear-shaped glow extending from a 12th magnitude star. Nebulosity extends most south and SE of the star. A close, faint double star lies 1.9' W. Several extremely faint stars are nearby, including one just off the SE edge and one close NE.
17.5" (10/30/99): picked up at 100x using an OIII filter as a small, bright glow surrounding a mag 12 star. Best view at 280x unfiltered. The involved star is attached at the north edge and the 1' oval nebula appears to hang off the south side of the star. Close west is a very close, evenly matched faint double star!
13.1" (9/22/84): appears as a mag 12 star with a faint but easily visible oval nebula surrounding the star. Extends mainly SE with the 12th magnitude star at the tip. Visible without a filter. Similar to Hubble's Variable Nebula.
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1470 = Sp 62 on 20 Mar 1892 while observing Comet 1892 II (Denning). Both Carl Frederick Pechüle, as well as E.E. Barnard (AN 3110 and AJ 11), also found this emission nebula visually just a day later while observing the comet! Barnard called it a "a nebula about 12th mag. It is about 1/2' in diameter, and has a very small and very stellar nucleus of about 12th magnitude."
IC 1470 was listed as a planetary nebula in 1962 and was misclassified as a planetary in Becvar's "Atlas of the Heavens" and the first edition of Tirion's Sky Atlas 2000.0.
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23 08 44.8 -12 38 22; Aqr
Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 169°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x; fairly faint, elongated nearly
2:1 N-S, ~40" in length, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 8.8 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1471 = J. 1-484 on 2 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
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23 09 06.7 +17 15 33; Peg
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.4'
18" (10/19/06): very faint, very small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 0.3'x0.2', weak concentration, occasional very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Located 4.5' ENE of mag 10.3 DY Peg (well studied short period Delta Scuti variable (105 min period).
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1472 = Sp 32 on 25 Oct 1891 with the 27-inch refractor at the Vienna Observatory. He reported finding a "Round nebula of 1/4' diameter, bright core. A mag 13 star is 1.5' northeast, a mag 15 is southeast of the nebula, so that the two stars form a equilateral triangle with the nebula.
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23 11 05.4 +29 38 36; Peg
V = 13.5; Size 2.0'x1.0'; PA = 176°
24" (9/7/18): at 375x; either fairly faint or
moderately bright, elongated 5:3 N-S, 50"x30". Contains a brighter, roundish nucleus
with an irregular surface brightness [SDSS shows it as knotty]. Surrounded by three mag 14-15 stars
about 1' N, SW and SSE. Located
20' E of mag 6.6
Truman Safford discovered IC 1473 = Sf. 58 on 1 Oct 1866 and remarked, "F, pS, F gradually brighter middle." His position is just off the southeast end of the galaxy.
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23 12 51.3 +05 48 23; Psc
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 149°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; fairly faint (readily
seen), very elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, ~40"x16", slightly brighter
center. Situated 7' NW of mag 8.9
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1474 = Spitaler 33 on 6 Oct 1891 and noted "Pale, round nebula of 1/2' diameter, gradually brighter towards the center." His position is accurate.
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23 14 16.3 +30 33 05; Peg
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (9/7/18): at 375x; faint, small, round, 25",
low even surface brightness. The
view is somewhat confused by nearby faint stars; a mag 15/16 pair is at the NW
edge of the halo and a mag 16 star is at the SW edge. Located 42' SE of
Truman Safford discovered IC 1476 = Sf. 59 on 1 Oct 1866
with a Clark 18.5-inch refractor and questioned if it was "a small
cluster?" There is nothing at his position, but exactly 1 minute of RA
preceding is
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23 17 12.0 -06 54 43; Aqr
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 34°
17.5" (7/25/95): faint, small, round, 30" diameter, very weak concentration. Located nearly at the midpoint of two mag 13.5 stars 1.1' W and 1.4' E. Two similar star are also 1.3' S and 2.3' SE. The PGC magnitude (B = 12.9) appears to be too bright.
Stephane Javelle found IC 1477 = J. 485 on 16 Sep 1892. His position corresponds with PGC
70932. This galaxy was discovered
by Francis Leavenworth on 28 Sep 1886, though his rough RA is 1.5 minutes too
small. Harold Corwin checked
Leavenworth's sketched and confirmed it matches
******************************
23 18 13.9 +10 17 54; Peg
V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 30°
17.5" (11/18/95): faint, small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S,
0.8'x0.4', broad weak concentration.
The outer halo increases in size with averted vision. Brightest in a quartet (WBL 706) with
IC's 5305, 5306, 5307.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1478 = Big. 239 on 22 Aug 1889. His position matches UGC 12485 = PGC 70991. This galaxy was originally discovered by Common in August 1880, but his position (estimated using setting circles) is 6' too far southeast. All modern galaxy catalogues (as well as HyperLeda) identify this galaxy as IC 1478.
******************************
23 18 46.4 -10 23 57; Aqr
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 18°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, slightly brighter nucleus, 30" diameter halo increases with averted
vision. A mag 15 star is 1.2'
E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1479 = J. 1-486 on 13 Sep 1892. His position is accurate.
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23 19 25.1 +05 54 22; Psc
Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, fairly high surface brightness, 25" diameter, well concentrated
with a very small bright core.
Situated 1.5' NW of mag 8.4
Rudolph Spitaler discovered IC 1481 = Spitaler 34 on 9 Oct 1891 and reported "Very faint, round nebula of 1/4' diameter. Found on 9 October 1891.
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23 20 49.5 +01 44 21; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 135°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; faint but readily visible, small, round, slightly brighter center, 0.3' diameter.
Member of a galaxy group (USGC U843) that includes
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1482 = J. 1-487 on 5 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
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23 22 33.1 +11 19 44; Peg
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5" (9/7/96): very faint, small, round, 30"
diameter, low even surface brightness.
Located 8' N of mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle found IC 1483 = J. 798 on 2 Dec 1893. His position matches
******************************
23 22 39.9 +11 23 04; Peg
V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 49°
17.5" (9/7/96): extremely faint and small, round. Faintest in trio with IC 1483 and IC 1485 and requires averted vision and GSC finder chart to glimpse occasionally. Located 2.1' WNW of brighter IC 1485.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1484 = J. 1-799, along with
IC 1483 and 1485, on 2 Dec 1893.
The latter two galaxies are probably identical to Andrew Ainslie
Common's NGC 7638 and NGC 7639, discovered earlier in 1880. Common mentions two galaxies within 30'
SE of
******************************
IC 1485 = NGC 7639 = MCG +02-59-032 = CGCG 431-050 = PGC 71256
23 22 48.2 +11 22 22; Peg
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 123°
17.5" (9/7/96): very faint, small, round, 30" diameter. Similar size as IC 1483 = NGC 7638 but contains a very small brighter core that makes it a little easier to view. Just preceding a small triangle of mag 12-14.5 stars. Also collinear with a wide pair 5' SW near IC 1483. Brightest in a trio with IC 1484 2.1' WNW and IC 1483 4.5' SW.
The identification of IC 1483 is certain but NGC 7639 is uncertain.
Stephane Javelle found IC 1485 = J. 2-800, along with IC 1483 and 1484, on 2 Dec 1893. His position is accurate. This galaxy, along with IC 1484, were earlier discovered by Andrew Ainslie Common, while viewing comet Faye. His position (for NGC 7639) was very roughly given, so Javelle assumed his observation was new. This gx is identified in CGCG (431-50) as IC 1485 and in MCG (+02-59-032) as IC 1484 (this is incorrect as IC 1484 is a fainter companion WNW).
******************************
23 23 54.0 +09 40 03; Peg
V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 85°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1486 = Big. 241 on 1 Oct 1885 and reported "mag 13.2-13.3, 25" diameter, without nucleus." His position is 1' S of NGC 7648 and Corwin notes that he later equated B. 241 = NGC 7648.
******************************
23 24 20.1 +14 38 49; Peg
V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 80°
See observing notes for
IC 1487 = CGCG 431-056 = GIN 695 = PGC 95574
23 24 41.0 +14 37 56
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 30°
18" (8/26/06): very faint, very small, round. Nearly spans between a pair of
14th-magnitude stars 20" SSW and 30" E. Second brightest galaxy of 8 viewed in
17.5" (8/22/98): this member of AGC 2593 was not noticed initially as it is squeezed between two mag 13-14 stars within 30" to the south and to the E. Appears as a very faint, unconcentrated glow just 15" in diameter. Located 5' ESE of NGC 7649.
17.5" (7/19/90): very faint, extremely small, round. A mag 14 star is just off the south edge 20" SSW of center and a second mag 14 star is 30" E of center. Forms a pair with NGC 7649 5.1' WNW. Second brightest of five in AGC 2593. This galaxy is possibly IC 1487 (identified by Howe).
Lewis Swift found IC 1487 = Sw. 9-99 on 15 Oct 1887 and
reported "eeeF; pS; R; 8m * f; F * nr. nf; not [GC] 4659." His position is 1' NE of
******************************
23 25 38.5 +15 21 16; Peg
V = 14.9; Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 172°
24" (9/29/16): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, fairly
small, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 ~N-S, ~30"x9", contains a very small
or stellar nucleus. Located 12.8'
ENE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1488 = J. 2-801 on 2 Dec 1893 and recorded "extremely faint, very small, elongated in the meridian [north-south]. Very difficult." In a note he added "distinct from NGC 7653 which was measured." There is nothing at his computed position 3' N of NGC 7653. Because NGC 7653 is the closest reasonably bright galaxy, MCG and PGC equated IC 1488 with NGC 7653 and UGC states IC 1488 = NGC 7653? But Harold Corwin uncovered that Javelle misidentified his offset star, which was BD +14 4986. Once corrected his offset points to IC 1488 = LEDA 2800840.
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23 30 27.5 -12 30 59; Aqr
Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 45°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; faint, small, round,
0.3' diameter, low nearly even surface brightness. Situated 1.4' NNW of a mag 9.7 star (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1489 = J. 1-488 on 4 Nov 1891. His position is accurate.
******************************
23 59 10.7 -04 07 37; Psc
Size 1.7'x0.7'; PA = 84°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1490 = Sw. 10-52 on 5 Nov 1891 and recorded "eF; pS; R; vF * close N; 6 pB = Mag stars p[receding]." There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin that Swift made an error of 30 minutes of RA (too small). Once corrected, his RA is just 9 seconds west of IC 1524 = MCG -01-01-011 and the dec matches perfectly, as well as his description of the nearby stars. This galaxy was discovered first by Truman Safford on 23 Sep 1867, though the discovery wasn't published until 1887. See IC 1524 for more.
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23 29 24.7 -16 19 00; Aqr
Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 150°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; very faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~25" diameter. Required averted vision and mostly just glimpsed, but held occasionally for several seconds. Situated 8.5' NNE of a mag 10.6 star and a similar distance SSE of a mag 11.2 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1491 = J. 1-489 on 26 Aug 1892. His position is accurate.
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23 30 36.1 -03 02 24; Psc
V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x1.1'; PA = 32°
24" (11/24/14): moderately bright, fairly small,
slightly elongated SSW-NNE, sharply concentrated with a bright 20" core
and a thin very low surface brightness halo. A mag 12 star lies 1' SSW. Located 5.6' SE of mag 9.6
Edward Swift discovered IC 1492 = Sw. 10-53 on 17 Oct 1891
and recorded "eF; S; R; sp of 2 [with
******************************
23 30 47.7 -13 29 08; Aqr
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x1.0'; PA = 170°
24" (9/21/22): at 325x and 375x; fairly faint, diffuse, the brightest part is elongated 2:1 SW-NE (central region and bar), low surface brightness halo ~40 diameter. A mag 13.3 star is 1.5' NE.
Stephane Javelle found IC 1495 = J. 1-491 on 3 Nov 1891 and
measured an accurate position.
E.E. Barnard made an earlier discovery (visually) on 5 Nov 1888 with the
12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.
He noted "not faint; not large, R? 1' +/- and slightly south of 11m star." His position was 30 seconds of RA too
small and nearly 6' too far north.
His discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer much later and
appeared in the
******************************
IC 1496 = MCG -01-59-029 = PGC 71634
23 30 53.5 -02 56 03; Psc
V = 13.2; Size 1.7'x1.3'; PA = 65°
24" (11/24/14): moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated ~E-W, fairly well concentrated with a bright 20" core. The halo increases the size to 0.6'x0.5'. Forms a pair with IC 1492 7.8' SSW.
N. M. Parrish discovered IC 1496 = LM(S) 863 = Sw. 10-54 on 9 Oct 1890 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. Edward Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 17 Oct 1891, along with IC 1492, and recorded "eeF, pretty small, round, north-following of 2 [with IC 1492]. Swift is credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
23 31 53.6 -05 00 25; Aqr
V = 13.0; Size 1.8'x0.6'; PA = 11°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; moderately bright, moderately
large, very elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 60"x20", slight brighter core,
surface brightness somewhat irregular.
Located 14' ENE of mag 8
24" (9/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 N-S, 45"x18", brighter
core. Located 9.5' NE of mag 9.4
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1498 = Sw. 10-55 on 5 Nov
1891. He reported "eeF; pS;
R; 9 1/2 * p 36 sec, s 3' 15"; D[ouble] * s points to 11m * f[ollowing]
neb 7 sec; another 11m * f neb 14 sec; not 7962 [
******************************
23 33 09.4 +04 33 09; Psc
V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 20°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; faint, elonagted 5:3
~N-S, 40"x25", low surface brightness, brighter core. Located 6' SW of mag 7.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1500 = J. 1-493 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate, but Dreyer made a transcription error in the IC and the declination is off by 1° too far north.
******************************
23 34 40.1 -03 09 10; Psc
V = 13.8; Size 1.5'x0.65'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 134°
24" (9/22/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated ~2:1 or 5:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.4', broad and weak concentration to a
slightly brighter elongated core.
In a group with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1501 = J. 1-494 on 19 Oct 1892. His position is accurate.
******************************
23 36 20.5 +75 38 53; Cep
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.4'; PA = 51°
24" (11/24/14): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 30"x15". Contains a sharp, bright stellar nucleus. Bracketed by two mag 14.5 sars [30" E and 42" NW].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1502 = Sw. 10-56 on 15 Oct 1891 and recorded "vF; S; vF * close." His position is accurate.
The UGC has two entries: The RA for
******************************
23 38 27.0 +04 48 05; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 68°
24" (9/7/18): at 260x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, slightly brighter along the major axis, ~45"x20". An equal mag 12.5-13 pair of stars [~7" separation] is 3.5' S.
IC 1503 is near the east end of large group (USGC U850),
which includes
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1503 = J. 1-495 on 9 Oct 1891. His position is accurate.
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23 41 19.5 +04 01 03; Psc
V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 91°
24" (11/24/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 E-W, very weak concentration, 36"x15". A mag 15 star is just off the south side [39" from center]. Picked up 17' NNW of NGC 7731.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1504 = J. 496 on 19 Aug 1892. His published position is 2' too far north (error with offset star?).
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23 41 37.1 -03 33 54; Aqr
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 156°
48" (11/2/13): at 488x appeared bright, moderately
large, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, ~45"x35", sharply concentrated
with a very bright core and bright stellar nucleus. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with the
interacting pair (connected by a long tidal plume)
17.5" (11/1/97): faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter. Brightest of trio with the interacting pair Arp 295 = MCG -01-60-021 6.6' SSE and MCG -01-60-022 6.7' ESE. Weak but even concentration to a small brighter core and a faint stellar nucleus.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1505 = Sw. 10-57 on 12 Nov 1891
and recorded "eeeF, pS, R, 3 pB stars following and 4 or 5 stars
preceding, ee dif." His
position is 13 seconds of time preceding
******************************
23 44 48.4 +04 44 08; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 135°
24" (11/15/22): at 327x; visible continuously, slightly elongated NW-SE, 25"x20", very small or stellar nucleus (weak). A mag 11.6 star is 2' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1506 = J. 1-497 on 4 Aug 1892. His position matches.
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23 45 33.2 +01 41 19; Psc
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.45'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 130°
24" (9/7/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated nearly 3:1 NW-SE, ~40"x15", very small bright core, stellar
nucleus. Situated in a group of
stars with mag 8.3
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1507 = J. 1-498, along with
******************************
23 45 55.1 +12 03 42; Peg
V = 13.3; Size 2.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 168°
24" (12/1/16): moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, broad concentration but no distinct core or nucleus. The extensions have an irregular or uneven surface brightness. A wide pair of mag 12.1/12.7 stars are off the north side. This pair is nearly collinear with two additional mag 12/13 stars to the NE and SW, forming a 4' string.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1508 = J. 2-803 on 6 Dec 1893. He called it "faint, elongated in the meridian [N-S], 1' in length, no condensation".
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23 47 16.7 -15 18 23; Aqr
Size 1.4'x0.2'; PA = 11°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; very faint, very low surface brightness. Every so often I glimpsed a moderately large "slash" ~N-S, perhaps 0.9'x0.2'. A mag 12.5 star is 1.5' ESE and a mag 12.8 star is 2' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1509 = J. 1-499 on 25 Aug 1892. His postion matches.
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IC 1510 = MCG +00-60-053 = CGCG 381-053 = VV 641 = KUG 2347+017 = PGC 72589 = LEDA 1215207
23 50 32.8 +02 04 24; Psc
Size 0.7'x0.5'
24" (9/7/18): at 375x; very faint, very small, round,
20" diameter, very low even surface brightness. IC 1510 is a double system, but I only noticed a single
glow. Located 13' SW of mag 7.0 HD
223617 and 27' ESE of mag 6.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1510 = J. 1-500, along with IC 1507, on 5 Nov 1891. He called it "faint, almost round, appears to have two centers of condensation. His description applies to this contact pair of galaxies though only a single IC designation was assigned. The mean position (from NED) is given.
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23 53 29.4 +11 19 03; Peg
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 106°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint, fairly small, very
elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, 30"x10", low surface brightness. Located 21' SE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1513 = J. 2-804 on 28 Nov 1893 and recorded "F, vS, E in the diurnal movement [E-W], gradually condensed." His position is accurate. MCG failed to equate its entry +02-60-024 with IC 1513.
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23 54 16.6 -13 35 11; Aqr
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 153°
17.5" (10/21/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.4'. Weak concentration with a slightly brighter core. Located 2.3' NE of a mag 10.6 star. A mag 12.5 star is 1.3' SW between the galaxy and the brighter star. Incorrectly listed as nonexistent in RNGC and identified as IC 1514 in MCG.
Johann Palisa found IC 1514 on 19 Sep 1893 with the 27"
Grubb refractor at the Vienna Observatory and noted "vF, 1/3' diameter,
slightly eccentric nucleus."
His position matches
******************************
23 56 03.9 -00 59 19; Psc
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint, fairly small, oval 2:1
N-S, weak concentration, 30"x15". A mag 12 star is just off the west side. Forms a pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1515 = Sw. 10-58 on 12 Nov 1891 and recorded "eeeF, pS, 9.5m * inv, B * nf and pF * sp; sp of 2 [with IC 1516]; eee diff." His position is just off the west side of the galaxy.
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IC 1516 = UGC 12852 = MCG +00-01-006 = CGCG 382-004 = PGC 72927
23 56 07.1 -00 54 59; Psc
V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.1
24" (1/1/16): fairly faint or moderately bright, round, 0.6' diameter, broad concentration to a slightly brighter core. Northern of a pair with IC 1515 4.4' SSW.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1516 = Sw. 10-59 on 14 Nov 1889
while searching for Brooks' Comet with the 12-inch refractor at Lick
Observatory. He noted "S, R,
gradually brighter in the middle, slightly cometary" and measured offsets
of -0m 20.55s (mean of 5 measures) and +0' 53" from his comparison star,
which is apparently mag 9
Lewis Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 12 Nov 1891 and described it as "vF, pS, R, B * sf, nf of 2 [with IC 1515]." Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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23 56 18.8 -00 18 20; Psc
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 172°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, very small bright core, stellar nucleus.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1517 = Sw. 10-60 on 12 Nov 1891
and reported "eeeF; very small; R; 3 st in a curve p[receding]." His position is just off the west edge
of
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23 57 06.1 +12 27 54; Peg
V = 14.9; Size 0.5'x0.35'; PA = 65°
24" (12/21/16): at 282x; faint, very small, round,
12"-15" diameter, faint stellar nucleus. Forms a close pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1518 = J. 2-805, along with IC 1519, on 6 Dec 1893.
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IC 1519 = CGCG 433-005 = PGC 73010
23 57 08.4 +12 27 27; Peg
V = 14.8; Size 0.55'x0.4'; PA = 135°
24" (12/21/16): at 282x; faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter, stellar nucleus. IC 1519 is very slightly brighter and larger than IC 1518 0.7' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1519 = J. 2-806, along with IC 1518, on 6 Dec 1893.
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23 57 54.8 -14 02 27; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 165°
18" (10/29/11): at 283x,
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1520 = J. 1-501 on 4 Nov 1891. His micrometric position is accurate.
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23 59 03.4 +01 43 12; Psc
V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.25'; PA = 13°
24" (11/15/22): at 260x and 327x; faint, very elongated at least 3:1 NW-SE, 0.9'x0.25", fairly low surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1522 = J. 1-503 on 5 Nov 1891. His position and description matches.
******************************
23 59 06.6 +06 52 23; Psc
Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 5°
24" (9/8/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15"-18" diameter. Situated just 3' WNW of mag 4.0 Omega Piscium. Once the overpowering star was placed outside the field, this faint galaxy was immediately noticed, and although faint and small, it was not as difficult a target as expected.
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 1523 on 19 Aug 1889, while checking if mag 4.0 Omega Psc was double using the 36-inch Lick refractor. His offset of 164" west is a good match with this faint galaxy. E.E. Barnard found the galaxy again (or perhaps he also observed it with Burnham) at Lick, probably with the 36-inch, and reported it directly to Dreyer. His position matches the bright star. As a result IC 1523 = IC 5368. HyperLeda lists this galaxy as LEDA 3091908, but does not label it with either IC designation.
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IC 1524 = IC 1490 = MCG -01-01-011 = PGC 73151
23 59 10.7 -04 07 37; Psc
Size 1.7'x0.7'; PA = 84°
24" (1/1/16): moderately bright and large, oval 5:3 WSW-ENE, 50"x30", faint elongated halo. Contains a fairly bright, rounder core with either a stellar nucleus or a star superimposed near the center. A mag 14 star is 40" N of center. [Note: The DSS shows a faint star close following the core].
Forms a pair with
Truman Safford discovered IC 1524 = Sf. 87 on 23 Sep
1867. His published discovery list
in 1887 is missing his description and there is nothing at his position. But 20 seconds of RA west and 1.6'
north is
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23 59 15.9 +46 53 20; And
V = 12.2; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 20°
17.5" (7/17/93): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated SW-NE, 1.0' diameter, broad mild concentration, very small brighter
core. Surprisingly bright for an
IC galaxy. Located 8' WSW of mag
7.3
IC 1525 is the brightest of three with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1525 = Sw. 9-100 on 19 Aug 1887
and logged "eF; pS; R; D * points to it." His RA is 45 seconds too large and happens to fall closer to
UGC 12888 = MCG +08-01-017 = PGC 73195, a much fainter galaxy. Swift very
likely picked up the brightest of the 3 galaxies in the field. MCG misidentifies
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00 01 31.5 +11 20 45; Peg
V = 14.4; Size 0.75'x0.5'; PA = 135°
24" (9/22/22): at 325x; faint, slightly elongated NW-SE and halo increases somewhat with averted, ~30" diameter, fairly low nearly even surface brightness with only a weak central brightening. A triangle of stars is immediately south, with the western one a mag 14.5/15.5 pair at 11" separation.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1526 = J. 2-807 on 28 Nov 1893. His position matches.
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00 02 21.6 +04 05 23; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 132°
24" (9/22/22): at 325x; faint but not difficult, fairly low surface brightness with weak, if any, central concentration. A mag 13.5 star is 1' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1527 = J. 1-504 on 19 Aug 1892. His position matches (once a 2' error in his offset star is corrected).
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00 05 05.4 -07 05 36; Cet
V = 12.8; Size 2.2'x1.0'; PA = 73°
24" (9/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, moderately large, oval ~5.:3 WSW-ENE, ~1.4'x.0.8', appears to have a
brighter bar along the major axis.
The surface brightness is uneven with subtle structure and the periphery
of the halo is ill defined.
Located 12' SE of mag 8.4
Aaron Skinner, assistant to Truman Safford at the Dearborn
Observatory, discovered IC 1528 = Sf. 88 on 23 Sep 1867 with the 18.5-inch
Clark refractor. The position published in the Dearborn discovery list
(published in 1887) is 1.5' S of
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00 05 13.2 -11 30 10; Cet
Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 21°
24" (9/23/22): at 325x; fairly faint (easily seen), round, 25"-30" diameter (core region), gradually increases to a slightly brighter stellar peak. Situated just within a small isosceles triangle of mag 12.5-13.5 stars.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1529 = J. 1-505 on 31 Aug 1892. His position matches.
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00 07 19.5 +32 36 34; And
V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 38°
17.5" (10/12/87): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated SW-NE, weak concentration. A mag 14 star is at the SW end 45" from center. Located 2.2' NNW of mag 8.9 SAO 53654. Identified in the UGC and CGCG as IC 1530.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1530 = Big. 357 on 7 Sep 1888
while searching for
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00 09 35.6 -32 16 37; Scl
V = 12.5; Size 1.8'x1.4'; PA = 138°
24" (9/7/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated 5:4 NW-SE, ~36"x28", increases to a small brighter
core. Two mag 10.5 stars are
roughly 11' NE and mag 9.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1531 = Sw. 12-1 on 24 May 1898, probably the last night he discovered new objects at Lowe Observatory. His position is 20 seconds of RA too far west, but accurate in RA and his description reads "vF, vS, R, unequal D * n." This pair is 12' due north.
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00 13 45.5 +48 09 04; And
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 72°
17.5" (8/31/86): faint, very small, elongated WSW-ENE,
even surface brightness. A mag 11
star is off the NE edge 39" from the center. First of three IC galaxies in the
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1534, along with IC 1535 and
1536, on 6 Jul 1888 while sweeping with the 12-inch refractor at Lick
Observatory. His notebook sketch
(including
Based on a 60-inch Mt. Wilson photograph, described by Pease (1920) as 20"x10", p.a. 65°, almost stellar nucleus.
******************************
IC 1535 = MCG +08-01-030 = CGCG 549-026 = WBL 005-002 = PGC 922
00 13 57.3 +48 09 29; And
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 11.7; PA = 170°
17.5" (8/31/86): faint, small, elongated ~N-S, even surface brightness, very diffuse. A mag 11 star is 1.5' W. Second of three IC galaxies in the NGC 51 group with IC 1534 2.0' WSW.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1535, along with IC 1534 and 1536 on 6 Jul 1888 while sweeping with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. See IC 1534 for more.
Based on a 60-inch Mt. Wilson photograph, described by Pease (1920) as "Spiral, 45"x15", p.a. 168°, gradually brighter in the middle, very small almost stellar nucleus."
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IC 1536 = MCG +08-01-032 = CGCG 549-028 = Mrk 939 = WBL 005-004 = PGC 949
00 14 19.0 +48 08 36; And
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 171°
17.5" (8/31/86): fourth of six in the NGC 51 group and the third of three IC galaxies with IC 1535 3.7' WNW and IC 1534 5.6' W. Very faint, very small, slightly elongated, faint stellar nucleus. A group of four mag 12 -13 stars is just north with the closest star 47" NW of center.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1536, along with IC 1534 and 1535 on 6 Jul 1888 while sweeping with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. See IC 1534 for more.
Based on a 60-inch Mt. Wilson photograph, described by Pease (1920) as "9" diameter with amost stellar nucleus."
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00 15 49 -39 15 36; Scl
V = 7.9; Size 32.4'x5.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 108°
30" (11/4/10 - Coonabarabran): IC 1537 is the low
surface brightness eastern portion of
17.5" (11/1/86): the eastern portion appears tilted at a slight angle to the main western portion.
13.1" (11/5/83): the very faint eastern portion is near detached from the bright WNW section.
8" (9/25/81): very large, very elongated, brighter to the west, very faint eastern section.
Lewis Swift found IC 1537 = Sw. 11-2 on 23 Sep 1897 and reported "eeeF; vL; eE; close f NGC 55; f of 2 [with NGC 55]." He included a long note at the end of his discovery list: "This with its associated companion is a remarkable nebula. I am undecided as to whether it is all one, or consisting of two, the preceding half very very bright, very larg, exceedingly elongated as Sir John Herschel describes it, and the following half exceedingly exceedingly faint, very large, exceedingly elongated, partly overlapping the other. If single it is curved, if double are inclined to each other. I am included to think they are two distinct nebulae, one reason being that the brighter ends sharply, which would be improbably if the brighter merged into the fainter. The brighter was discovered by Dunlop, but he could not have seen the fainter. As Sir John Herschel does not mention with a sign as being a remarkable object, lends plausibility to the idea that it was not seen even by him."
But Dunlop's size estimate of 25' includes the faint eastern portion and John Herschel's sketch of NGC 55 clearly shows the fainter eastern section! Corwin's position is centered on the brightest portion of the eastern half.
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00 18 22.6 +30 04 47; And
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 0°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1539 = Big IX-359 on 19 Dec 1897 while searching for NGC 70. He misidentified a star as NGC 70 and reported Big. 359 (later IC 1539) as new. His positon in CR for 6 May 1901 is at the northeast edge of NGC 70.
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00 20 41.2 +22 35 33; And
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 78°
18" (11/22/08): faint, small, irregularly round, low
surface brightness. Located on the
NW edge of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1542 = J. 3-810 on 20 Nov 1897. His position is accurate.
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00 21 29.0 +22 30 21; And
V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.6
18" (11/22/08): very faint, small, elongated 3:1 NW-SE,
0.45'x0.15'. Forms the fainter
member of a close double system with
17.5" (9/19/87): extremely faint, very small, elongated NW-SE, visible with averted vision only. Forms a double system just 1' E of NGC 85 in the NGC 80 group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1546 = J. 3-814 on 20 Nov
1897 and measured an accurate position.
Harold Corwin suggests dropping the use of designation
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00 22 49.8 +06 57 51; Psc
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x1.0'
24" (9/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 45" diameter, gradually increased to a very small brighter nucleus. A mag 14.7 star is 1.2' ESE and a mag 8.5 star is 13' WNW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1549 = Sw. 11-3 on 8 Dec 1895 and recorded "eeF, unequal D * f[ollows] 46 sec [on] same parallel." His RA is 22 seconds too large, but once corrected a wide, unequal pair (or trio) matches his description.
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00 32 40.1 -25 36 27; Scl
Size 1.2'x0.3'; PA = 15°
24" (10/6/18): at 260x; faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, ~0.7'x0.3'. Fairly even, low surface brightness though the view was compromised by poor seeing and haze at its low elevation. Two mag 13.5-14 stars 3.5' S and 8' S are collinear with the galaxy.
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1553 = D.S. 109 from a plate taken on 3 Nov 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He reported "vF, vmE 10°", which matches this galaxy.
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00 33 07.4 -32 15 30; Scl
V = 12.6; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 25°
24" (10/6/18): at 260x; fairly faint, elongated ~5:3 SSW-NNE, contains a small bright core (round) with a halo of of ~35"x20". The view was degraded due to thin clouds and its low elevation. A mag 10.9 star lies 5.6' NW and a mag 8.1 star lies 12' ESE.
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1554 = D.S. 110 from a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He reported "vF, vS, extremely elongated170°, suddenly brighter in the middle", but there is nothing at his position.
Many sources including MCG, ESO, PGC, NGC 2000.0, HyperLEDA
and SIMBAD identify
Wolfgang Steinicke lists the number as "not found" and Malcolm Thomson came to the same conclusion.
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00 34 32.6 -30 01 04; Scl
V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 136°
24" (9/7/18): at 260x; very faint, small, round,
30" diameter, very low surface brightness (perhaps it was viewed through
smoke haze at the low elevation).
A mag 14.8 star is at the SE edge [0.5' from center] and a mag 11.6 star
is 1.8' W. Member of the
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1555 = Sw. 12-3 on 22 May 1898 at Echo Mountain, during his last observing year. He described it as "eeeF, S, R, wide D * close p point to it. Not [NGC] 174." Herbert Howe followed up on Swift's observation and noted "..the discoverer says that a "wide D * close p point to it." The magnitudes of the components of the double are 9.5 and 12, and by a rough sketch I judge their distance apart to be 1' or 2'. The star of mag 9.5 precedes the nebula 8 seconds, 0.1' north. A star of mag 13 is close to the nebula, south following."
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00 34 58.0 -09 20 32; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.75'; PA = 135°
24" (8/30/16): at 200x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 30"x25", contains a bright core than increases to the center.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1556 = Sw. 11-4 on 10 Sep 1895 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; ee diff[icult]". There is nothing near his position and it was reported "Not shown" on plates taken at the Helwan Observatory in 1919-20. HyperLeda doesn't assign IC 1556 to a galaxy and both Steinicke and Seligman lists the number as not found or lost. But 12' due north is a pair of galaxies. Assuming he picked up the much brighter galaxy, then IC 1556 = MCG -02-02-059 = PGC 2100. NED identifies IC 1556 with fainter MCG -02-02-057. See Corwin's notes for more on this number.
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00 35 34.5 -02 52 35; Cet
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 135°
24" (10/6/18): at 260x; faint, very small, round,
12" diameter. Forms a pair
with brighter and larger
24" (11/24/14): faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Situated 1.2' E of a mag 12.5 star and 1.7' S of brighter NGC 161.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 1557 = Ho III-1 on 6 Nov 1899 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. While observing and measuring NGC 161 (discovered by Swift), he mentions "I noticed another nebula 2' south of 161." In his list of new nebula (MNRAS 60, 611, 1900), Howe adds "eF, vS" and "attended by a star of mag 14, a trifle south, and by another, which follows the nebula closely." Although his position is accurate, the MCG, PGC, RNGC, HyperLeda and Roger Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 incorrectly equate NGC 161 with IC 1557. The original error was likely made in the MCG.
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00 35 47.1 -25 22 28; Scl
V = 12.2; Size 3.4'x2.5'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 150°
17.5" (9/7/96): extremely faint, fairly large, diffuse,
very low surface brightness. At
times appeared elongated NNW-SSE, but it was very difficult to trace the outer
halo due to its low surface brightness.
Required averted and was unable to hold the galaxy steadily. Located 3.5' NE of mag 8
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1558 = DS 111 on an Arequipa plate from 3 Nov 1898. He recorded "star north, possible spiral, E at 160°."
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00 36 52.3 +23 59 06; And
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 94°
24" (9/30/16): at 200x; fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated, ~15"x12", faint stellar nucleus. Forms the southern component of a disrupted, contact pair
(
13.1" (10/20/84): appears as a "faint star" possibly nebulous at the south edge of NGC 169, forming a close contact system (Arp 282).
R.J. Mitchell discovered IC 1559 = Big. 245 = J. 3-819 on 18 Sep 1857 using LdR's 72". He described NGC 169 as "S; double neb; the north one is extended, sp/nf; brighter middle." IC 1559 is the fainter southern component. It was confirmed a month later on 22 Oct 1857 and reobserved by Lawrence Parsons in 1866. Mitchell assumed his observation of a double nebula referred to NGC 160, though, with the second object catalogued later as GC 80. But comparing the description to the field, it's clear that Mitchell was referring to NGC 169 and its close companion to the south.
Herman Schultz observed the field on 5 Sep 1867 (9.6" refractor) and also suspected NGC 169 to be double ("is probably S globular, and seems sometimes to be divided into two separate objects."). In the 1880 publication Dreyer notes that Mitchell mistook his object for h32 = NGC 160, but the "double nebula" should apply to h82 = NGC 169. Bigourdan also found it on 7 Sep 1891 and reported it as new (Big. 245).
Because of all the confusion Dreyer dropped GC 80 from the GC Supplement and added GC 5107 [= NGC 162] to a faint star east-northeast of NGC 160 that Schultz and Lawrence Parsons noted as nebulous. As a result IC 1559 did not receive a NGC number despite being observed twice by Mitchell, later by Lawrence Parsons and even suspected by Schultz. It was discovered again independently by Bigourdan on 7 Oct 1885 and by Javelle on 20 Nov 1897 and included in the IC as 1559. Dreyer credited "LdR", along with Bigourdan and Javelle, with the discovery.
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00 38 32.5 -24 20 24; Cet
V = 14.1; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 103°
24" (10/3/13): fairly faint, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE,
45"x20", slightly brighter core region. Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1561 = DS 112 on an Arequipa plate taken on 3 Nov 1898. He recorded "star north, E at 105°."
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IC 1562 = ESO 474-009 = MCG -04-02-030 = AM 0036-243 NED02 = KTS 5B = PGC 2308
00 38 34.0 -24 16 27; Cet
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 170°
24" (10/3/13): moderately bright and large, slightly
elongated, ~1.2' diameter, broad concentration but no distinct core or
nucleus. A mag 13 star is 0.9' N
of center, just off the north side.
Brightest in a triplet (KTS 5) with IC 1561 4.0' S and
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1562 = DS 113 on an Arequipa plate taken on 3 Nov 1898. He recorded "small, round, pretty suddenly brighter in the middle."
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00 39 00.2 -09 00 52; Cet
V = 13.6; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 11.9; PA = 147°
17.5" (9/17/88): faint, very small, round. A mag 14 star is 30" N. Forms a double system with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1563 = Big. 362 on 16 Dec
1897. He noted it was 0.6' in PA
160° (SSE) from NGC 191. This
galaxy is often referred to as
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00 39 26.3 +06 44 03; Psc
V = 13.5; Size 1.5'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.1
18" (8/26/06): the brightest member of
17.5" (9/5/99): first of three in core of AGC 76. Appears faint, small, round, 30"
diameter. Located 2.4' S of a mag
11.5 star and 3.4' NW of a mag 10.5 star.
IC 1566 lies 5.2' NE and IC 1568 is 10' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1565 = J. 3-820, along with IC 1566, 1568, 1569 and 1570, on 24 Nov 1897. Discovered by Javelle. His micrometric position is accurate.
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IC 1566 = MCG +01-02-048 = CGCG 409-058 = WBL 016-003 = PGC 2373
00 39 33.3 +06 48 55; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 125°
18" (8/26/06): faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter. Slightly smaller and fainter than IC 1565. Located 5' NE of IC 1565 in AGC 76.
17.5" (9/5/99): second of three in AGC 76. Very faint, small, round, 30" diameter. Appears similar to IC 1565 but slightly lower surface brightness. Located 3.0' NE of a mag 11.5 star and 5.2' NE of IC 1565. IC 1568 lies 6.0' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1566 = J. 3-821 on 24 Nov 1897. His position is accurate.
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IC 1568 = MCG +01-02-052 = CGCG 409-061 = WBL 016-004 = PGC 2404
00 39 55.9 +06 50 55; Psc
V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.9'
18" (8/26/06): faint, small, ~25"x15". Third and faintest of three on a line with IC 1565 and IC 1566 in AGC 76.
17.5" (9/5/99): third of three in AGC 76 with IC 1565 and IC 1566. Appears very faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, ~50"x35". IC 1566 lies 6.0' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1568 = J. 3-822 on 24 Nov 1897. His position is accurate.
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00 40 28.0 +06 43 11; Psc
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 12°
18" (8/26/06): very faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x16". Located 2.7' SW of a mag 10.7 star and 15' dues east of IC 1565 in AGC 76.
17.5" (12/11/99): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. A mag 15-15.5 star lies 1.1' S of center. Located 15' due east of IC 1565 in AGC 76.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1569 = J. 3-823, along with IC 1568, on 24 Nov 1897. His position is accurate.
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00 43 03.8 -22 14 49; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 2.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 175°
18" (12/17/11): at 175x, an extremely or nearly very
faint, low surface brightness glow was visible with averted vision. Appeared fairly small, elongated N-S,
~25"x15". Located 27' SW
of mag 5.2
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1562 = DS 115 on an Arequipa plate taken on 3 Nov 1898. He recorded "vF, vmE at 0° [N-S], gradually brighter in the middle."
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00 43 33.4 -04 07 04; Cet
V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 140°
24" (9/1/16): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~25" diameter. A mag 13.3 star is 0.6' S. At the northwest side is a brighter quasi-stellar knot or nucleus of IC 1575A.
On the DSS and SDSS, IC 1575 appears to be a post-merger
system with a prominent curving dust slicing the galaxy from SW to NE and low
surface brightness outer arcs or shells.
The NW portion of the system contains the bright nucleus and is listed
in NED as
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1575 = Sw. 11-5 on 5 Sep 1896 and reported "eeF; S; R; 10m * close s[outh]; not [NGC] 239." His position is 1.8' too far south.
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00 44 14.2 -25 06 33; Scl
Size 0.75'x0.45'; PA = 144°
24" (10/6/18): at 260x; IC 1576 is the southwestern of
a 3.3' pair of faint galaxies with
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1576 = D.S. 116 from a plate taken on 3 Nov 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.
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IC 1577 = IC 48 = MCG -01-03-001 = MCG -02-03-001 = PGC 2603
00 43 34.5 -08 11 11; Cet
V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 171°
See observing notes for IC 48.
See IC 48.
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IC 1578 = ESO 474-021 = MCG -04-03-001 = PGC 2637
00 44 25.9 -25 04 37; Scl
Size 0.8'x0.3'; PA = 18°
24" (10/6/18): at 260x; IC 1578 and IC 1576 are a similar pair of extremely faint galaxies oriented SW to NE and separated by 3.3'. Both are very small, ~20" diameter, with a low surface brightness. The pair is located just 45' WNW of the center of NGC 253!
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1578 = D.S. 117 from a plate taken on 3 Nov 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.
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00 45 32.5 -26 33 56; Scl
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 6°
24" (10/6/18): at 260x; faint, fairly small, elongated
3:2 N-S, ~30"x20", broad concentration with a slightly brighter
core. The galaxy is located 15'
ESE of mag 7.8
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1579 = D.S. 118 from a plate taken on 3 Nov 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.
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00 46 16.8 -24 16 46; Cet
Size 1.2'x0.3'; PA = 47°
24" (12/28/16): at 282x; very faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 30"x12", low even surface brighness. I couldn't hold the glow continuously
but it was often visible with averted vision. Located 10' SW of mag 7.5
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1582 = DS 120 on a plate taken 3 Nov 1898 at the Harvard station in Arequipa. He described it as "eF, eS, pmE at 45°, * in M[iddle]."
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00 47 10.3 +23 04 26; And
V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 25°
24" (12/1/13): faint to fairly faint, very small,
slightly elongated, 18"x15", contains a very small bright nucleus,
high surface brightness. First in
a trio with slightly bright
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1583 = J. 3-826, along with
IC 1585, on 23 Nov 1897. His
micrometric position is accurate.
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IC 1585 = MCG +04-03-002 = CGCG 480-005 = PGC 2764
00 47 14.3 +23 03 13; And
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 109°
24" (12/1/13): fairly faint, very small, round, 18" diameter, contains a very small very bright nucleus. This compact galaxy has a very high surface brightness. Second in a small triplet with IC 1583 1.5' NW and MCG +04-03-003 1.2' ESE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1585 = J. 3-827, along with IC 1583, on 23 Nov 1897. His micrometric position is accurate.
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00 52 49 +56 37 54; Cas
Size 4'
18" (2/16/07): at 220x about three dozen stars are visible in the region of the nebula, including a number of faint stars. At the center is the multiple star HD 5005 = Burnham 1, a striking triple with a difficult 4th component. A close pair of mag 11.5 stars lie 0.9' SW of Burnham 1.
17.5" (9/28/02): IC 1590 is a young star cluster embedded in the core of NGC 281. The bright central quadruple (ADS 719 = Burnham 1) contains a bright mag 8.6/9.2/9.8 trio at 4" and 9". At 140x, a fourth fainter companion (mag ~10.1) at 1.54" separation is just visible close following the brightest member and is cleanly resolved at 324x.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1590 = Big. 366 on 31 Oct 1899 and recorded "a large number of stars forming a very large cluster without concentration. Seen in the region of NGC 281." His position is 3' southeast of this group of stars centered on Burnham 1.
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00 52 06.5 -22 40 49; Cet
V = 14.9; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 90°
See observing notes for
Delisle Stewart found IC 1591 = D.S. 123 (= NGC 276) on a plate taken 3 Nov 1898 and reported "vF, vS, pmE at 95°, pretty much brighter middle." This galaxy was discovered by Frank Muller in 1886 at the Leander McCormick Observatory but his typical rough position was 1.2 min too far west and Stewart assumed it was new. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for NGC 276 in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes), though Dreyer didn't realize the equivalence with IC 1591.
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00 54 32.8 -23 29 42; Cet
Size 1.1'x0.25'; PA = 107°
48" (11/2/13): moderately bright and large, thin
edge-on 5:1 WNW-ESE, 1.0'x0.2', slightly brighter core. Picked up while viewing the
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1599 = DS 127 on an Arequipa plate taken on 3 Nov 1898. He recorded "vF, vS, pmE at 100° [ESE]."
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00 55 51.9 -09 59 08; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 174°
24" (12/21/16): at 282x; fairly faint, small, round,
20" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. IC 1602 is the brightest member of
Herbert Howe discovered IC 1602 = Ho II- on 16 Dec 1898 while observing NGC 309. He simply noted "vF, S, near NGC 309." and measured an accurate position.
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00 59 24.4 -34 19 44; Scl
V = 12.7; Size 2.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 171°
24" (10/6/18): at 260x; no worse than fairly faint and
nearly moderately bright, elongated 3:2 or 5:3 N-S, ~50"x30", strong
concentration with a brighter, round core. Located 18' N of mag 7.7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1608 = Sw. 11-8 on 3 Oct 1897 and reported "pB; pS; R; 2 st nf and 2 np." His position is off by 2' (too far west). The identification is certain, though it's not clear what stars he was referring to.
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01 01 42.6 -15 34 04; Cet
V = 12.9; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (10/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, small bright nucleus, high surface brightness. A mag 12.5 star is just off the north edge, only 30" from center.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1610 = Sw. 11-10 on 13 Dec 1895 and recorded "pF; pS; R; 9m * nearly in contact np [north-preceding]". His position is 3' SSW of PGC 3681and his description clinches the identification.
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00 59 48.7 -72 20 01; Tuc
V = 12.0; Size 1.0'
30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): IC 1611,
James Dunlop discovered IC 1611 = D 26 = D.S. 132 on 2 Sep 1826. He described "a small double nebula; the following [IC 1612] is very faint." His position is ~ 5' S of IC 1611 and IC 1612. Although he catalogued the two "nebulae" together with a single position, his handwritten notes separate them by 6 seconds in RA and places the following nebula 1' N, instead of 2' S. Perhaps he only saw a single cluster - IC 1611 - and the second object was a mag 12.5 star 1' NE.
John Herschel never verified Dunlop's D 26 and DeLisle Stewart, who independently discovered IC 1611 and IC 1612 on a plate taken 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station, was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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IC 1612 = ESO 029-028 = Lindsay 62 = Kron 41
01 00 00.3 -72 22 18; Tuc
V = 12.3; Size 0.8'
30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): Second of three clusters with IC 1611 2.4' NNW and Kron 42 2.5' E. Fairly bright, irregular shape elongated SW-NE, ~1.2' diameter. A half-dozen stars were resolved around the edges including two very close pairs! Kron 42 appeared bright, very small knot, ~30" diameter. Contains a very bright core and a small fainter halo. A single mag 12.8 star stood out at the SW edge.
The background glow of the SMC is relatively bright in this region, so the cluster is set over a background glow that seems to extend more noticeably to the W and SW.
James Dunlop probably discovered IC 1612 = D 26?, along with IC 1611, on 2 Sep 1826. He described D 26 as "a small double nebula; the following [IC 1612] is very faint." His position is ~ 5' S of IC 1611 and 1612, a 2.3' pair oriented NNW-SSE. Although he catalogued the two "nebulae" together with a single position, his handwritten notes separate them by 6 seconds in RA and he placed the following nebula 1' N, instead of 2' S. Perhaps he only saw IC 1611, and the second object in his description refers to a single mag 12.5 star 1' NE of IC 1611. John Herschel never verified D 26 and Stewart was credited with the discovery in the IC.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1612 = D.S. 133 on a plate taken 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru and his position is used in the IC.
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01 04 46.2 +02 07 04; Cet
V = 9.2; Size 16.2'x14.5'; Surf Br = 15.0; PA = 50°
48" (10/26/16): I spent a few minutes identifying OB associations in the patchy northeast section section of IC 1613. At 375x I was able to pinpoint a half-dozen faint or fairly faint "knots", generally 12"-15" in diameter within a 1.5' region. The stellar associations listed below are from Paul Hodge's 1978 study "The structure and content of IC 1613" and the Borissova et al. 2004 paper "The catalogue of OB associations in IC 1613".
The brightest patch, [H78] A10 = [BKG04] G7, is on the west edge and appeared moderately bright, small, 12" diameter. A star is involved in the patch - this is [BUG07] A8, the brightest star (blue supergiant) in IC 1613, with a spectral class of A2 Ia and mag V = 16.4!
Close northeast and southeast are [H78] A13 = [BKG04] G11 and [H78] A14 = [BKG04] G14, both easily seen as fairly faint glows, ~15" diameter. [H78] A17 = [BKG04] G25 is a very faint knot 1' E of [H78] 13 and [H78] A15 = [BKG04] G15 was visible 30" S of [H78] A14. [H78] A11 = [BKG04] G10 was also easily seen as a 12" knot 1.5' N of [H78] A10.
18" (9/15/07): faint, very large, irregular glow,
roughly elongated 4:3 SW-NE, ~8'x6'.
A mag 10.5 star is just at the west edge of the glow. A very small knot
(HII region?) or core is faintly visible just 2' E or ENE of the mag 10.5
star. There appears to be a very
faint detached piece to the northeast about 7' from the mag 10.5 star. Located ~12' S of mag 7.2
13.1" (12/22/84): faint, large, extremely diffuse. This Local Group member appears as an irregular hazy region with a large brighter section to the NE and a fainter section to the SW. No visible core. Several brighter stars are in the field includes a star at the SW edge. Located 46' N of 26 Ceti.
Max Wolf discovered IC 1613 on a plate taken with the Bruce 16-inch telescope in September 1906. Wolf's position (given in 1885 coordinates) is ~10' south and 1.5 minutes of time preceding the galaxy. As he used BD stars to measure positions, it's very possible the coordinates for the "densest part" are for 1855. If so, his position is near the center of IC 1613!
William Baade first showed it was extragalactic in 1935 and a year later Hubble included it as a Local Group member. The distance is ~2.4 million light years.
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01 04 56.2 -27 25 46; Scl
V = 12.6; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 4°
24" (10/6/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, perhaps 45"x35" though outer portion of halo increases with averted. Broad concentration with a slightly brighter core region. This galaxy is just north of a 3' string of three mag 12 stars and it forms the northern vertex of an equilateral triangle with the two western stars in the sting. Three fainter stars lie NW and NE with the galaxy nestled inside this group of stars.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1616 = Sw. 12-5 on 24 May 1897 (or
1898) and recorded "extremely faint, pS, close to 3 st like belt of
Orion." His position is 2.5'
NW of
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01 07 22.4 +33 04 02; Psc
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 101°
24" (10/5/13): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
20" diameter, very slightly brighter nucleus. Sandwiched between two mag 12.5/13 stars with a 1.4'
separation and oriented SSW-NNE.
Picked up 13' WSW of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1619 = J. 3-832 on 28 Nov 1899 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
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01 07 14.3 +13 57 18; Psc
V = 14.5; Size 0.95'x0.7'; PA = 87°
24" (10/17/20): nearly fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated or irregularly round, diffuse, low surface brightness, weak
central brightening. A mag 15.3
star is 0.9' SW. IC 1620 is
located 10' NE of mag 7.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1620 = J. 3-833 on 13 Nov 1903. His position is accurate.
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01 07 36.7 -17 32 19; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.4
24" (10/5/13): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
25" diameter. Picked up 3.1'
SW of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1622 = Sw. 11-11, along with IC 1623, on 19 Nov 1897 and logged "vF; S; R; np of 2 [with IC 1623]." His position is ~2' too far north-northwest, a similar error as IC 1623. The IC description was corrected to read "sp of 2".
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IC 1623 = Arp 236 = VV 114 = ESO 541-23 = PGC 4007 = PGC 4008
01 07 47.2 -17 30 25; Cet
Size 1.2'x0.9'
24" (10/5/13): Arp 236 = VV 114 is in Arp's category of
"appearance of fission", though this contact pair is apparently
undergoing a merger and the two nuclei are separated by only 15"!
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1623 = Sw. 11-12, along with IC 1622, on 19 Nov 1897 and logged "B; cS; lE; sf of 2 [with IC 1622]." His position is ~2.5' too far northwest, a similar error as IC 1622. The IC description was corrected to read "nf of 2".
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01 05 20.9 -72 02 35; Tuc
V = 12.4; Size 0.7'
18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x
and UHC, this is the smaller of a pair of nebulous clusters with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1624 = DS 137 from a plate taken on 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, S, R." Some catalogues give IC 1624 as the designation to the nebulosity only and the cluster associated with it is called Kron 52. Here I have referred to IC 1624 as the name to the cluster, with Kron 52 being an alternate name.
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01 07 42.6 -46 54 27; Phe
V = 12.0; Size 1.7'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 8°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): IC 1625 is the brightest galaxy
at the center of
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1625 = D.S. 138 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, vS, R, susp."
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01 06 14.6 -73 17 51; Tuc
V = 13.8
30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
fairly small, irregularly round, 45"x35", fairly even glow. A couple of faint stars were resolved
at the NW and SW edge. Two mag
11.5 stars lie 4' SW and mag 10.6
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1626 = DS 139 from a plate taken on 14 Dec 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, cS, R."
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01 08 10.8 -46 05 39; Phe
V = 12.9; Size 2.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 137°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; excellent edge-on,
fairly large, elongated 7:1 NW-SE, ~2.1'x0.3'. Contains a brighter, very elongated core that is angled
slightly differently than the extensions or perhaps the extensions are slightly
warped [verified on the DSS!]. A
mag 13 star is just east of the southeast flank. The major axis is collinear with a mag 10.8 star 2.9' NW. IC 1627 is the second or third
brightest member of AGC 2877 (brightest is
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1627 = D.S. 140 in 1899 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He reported it as "cF, S, extremely extended at 135°, considerably brighter middle."
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01 08 47.5 -28 34 56; Scl
V = 12.5; Size 1.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.7
24" (10/6/18): at 260x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 45" diameter, fairly high surface brightness, increases to very small brighter nucleus.
IC 1628 is the brighter of a close 1.25' pair with MCG -05-03-028, just beyond the halo to the southeast. The companion appeared faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. It is too small for any internal details.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1628 = Sw. 12-6 on 12 Oct 1897 and
wrote, "cB, pS, round, 3 8m st[ars] near." His position matches
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IC 1630 = ESO 243-036 = AM 0106-470 = PGC 4036
01 08 16.8 -46 45 14; Phe
V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 65°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 40" x15", even surface brightness. This member of AGC 2870 is situated 11'
NE of IC 1625 (brightest cluster member) and 6' SSW of mag 7.0
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1630 = D.S. 141 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, E at 60°, susp."
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01 08 44.9 -46 28 33; Phe
V = 13.3; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 82°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; moderately bright, slightly elongated 5:4 E-W, ~40"x32", fairly even surface brightness. Located 12' N of mag 7.0 HD 6869 and 31' NE of mag 3.3 Beta Phoenicis, between AGC 2870 and AGC 2877 (both members of the Phoenix Supercluster).
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1631 = D.S. 142 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, R, susp."
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IC 1633 = ESO 243-046 = PGC 4149
01 09 55.6 -45 55 52; Phe
V = 11.6; Size 2.9'x2.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 120°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; very bright, very large, slightly elongated ~E-W, at least 2'.0'x1.7', sharply concentrated with a faintish halo and a very bright core that gradually increased to a stellar nucleus.
IC 1633 is the brightest cD galaxy at the core of AGC 2877, a member of the Phoenix Supercluster. Several nearby companions were easily seen in the field; a total of 17 galaxies were logged within 16' of IC 1633 using a 25" on 10/15/17 and the 30" on 10/18/17. Still, I certainly could have viewed more if I had spent additional time.
James Dunlop discovered IC 1633 = D 437 = Sw. 11-13 on 5 Aug 1826 and recorded (single observation) "an extremely faint small nebula; round, with a very minute bright point in the center." Dunlop's position is 6.6' SW of ESO 243-046, but this is a typical error and there no other brighter galaxies nearby. Lewis Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 29 Sep 1897, assumed it was new, and logged Sw. 11-13 as "vF; S; R; no B* near; vF one following." In his 4th list from Lowe Observatory, the declination was off by 2° too far north, but this error was corrected in his large Astronomische Nachrichten (AN) table.
DeLisle Stewart found it again on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa (Boyden) Station in 1899 (published in 1908). Stewart's position was accurate. Dreyer credited both Swift and Stewart with the discovery, but not Dunlop.
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01 11 02.9 +17 39 45; Psc
V = 14.6; Size 0.4'x0.4'
17.5" (11/26/94): very faint, very small, round,
15" diameter, very weak concentration. Forms the north member of a similar double system with IC
1635 separation 40" between centers.
The halos are almost in contact.
A mag 14 star lies 50" W.
These are the brightest galaxies in the core of rich cluster
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1634 = J. 3-836, along with
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IC 1635 = UGC 739 = MCG +03-04-009 = CGCG 459-013 = PGC 4231
01 11 03.5 +17 39 07; Psc
V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 148°
17.5" (11/26/94): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, very weak concentration. Forms the south member of a similar double system with IC 1634 separation 40" between centers. The halos are almost in contact. A mag 14 star lies 1.1' NW. These are the brightest galaxies in the core of rich cluster AGC 154. The redshift-based distance (z = .061) is 900,000 - 1,000,000 light years!
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1635 = J. 3-837, along with IC 1634, on 23 Dec 1897 and recorded "F, R, 20" to 25", gradually brighter middle to a nucleus, granular."
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01 11 37.5 +33 21 15; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 103°
24" (8/29/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 25"-30" diameter, very small brighter core. Forms a pair with
18" (10/16/09): faint, small, round, 20" diameter, high surface brightness. Located 15' NE of NGC 410 in a cluster. IC 1638 lies 9' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1636 = J. 3-838, along with IC 1638, on 17 Oct 1903 and recorded "F, S, 15" to 20", gradually brighter middle to a nucleus." CGCG incorrectly describes it as a double galaxy.
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01 11 01.1 -30 26 19; Scl
V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 90°
24" (11/7/18): at 200x; faint, moderately large,
slightly elongated, 1' diameter, low surface brightness. Very weak central brightening. Located 14' SSE of
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1637 = D.S. 144 on a plate taken in Arequipa in 1899. His published position is accurate.
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IC 1638 = MCG +05-03-082 = CGCG 501-129 = CGCG 502-005 = Ark 34 = PGC 4338
01 12 21.8 +33 21 52; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4
24" (8/29/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, ~30"x25", small brighter core, occasional faint
stellar nucleus. A mag 8.5 star
(
18" (10/16/09): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter. Appears as a high surface brightness knot. IC 1636 lies 9' W. Located 8' W of a mag 8.5 star. Member of the NGC 410 group.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1638 = J. 3-839 on 19 Oct 1873. His notebook position was just 1' S of center, but for some reason he never measured an accurate position or publish the discovery. Stephane Javelle discovered it again, along with IC 1636, on 17 Oct 1903 (third list, #839) and recorded "F, R, 15" to 20", gradually brighter middle to a nucleus, stellar ncl 13m, granular."
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01 09 24.5 -71 46 00; Tuc
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'
18" (7/11/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): very
faint, small, 30" diameter, low surface brightness and no hint of
resolution. Follows
18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this
faint SMC cluster is located 7' following NGC 411. At 228x it appeared as just a very faint knot, less than 1'
diameter with a low surface brightness and no resolution. Located 5.5' NE of mag 8.6
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1641 = D.S. 143
photographically on 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He simply noted "eF, eS, R."
IC 1641 has been misidentified as a very faint cluster (Hodge-Wright 62) just
following
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01 12 27.3 +15 45 00; Psc
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (12/8/20): at 260x; between very faint and faint,
small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter. Member of galaxy cluster
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1642 = J. 3-842 on 29 Jan
1897. His position is about
1.2' NW of
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IC 1644 = SMC-N81 = ESO 029-035 = Lindsay 481 = HD 7113
01 09 13.1 -73 11 37; Tuc
Size 0.8'
30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): very bright,
small, compact high surface brightness HII region, 20" diameter, good
response to a NPB filter. Located
14' NE of IC 1626 and 20' WNW of
IC 1644 = SMC-N81 is classified as a HEB -- high excitation blob. This object, along with N88A, are rare objects in the SMC exhibiting very high surface brightness, absolute magnitude and compactness. It harbors one or more hot, massive, young stars that ionizes the nebula.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 1644 = HN 83 in 1901 on photographic spectrum plates taken at the Arequipa station. It was included in a table of "Objects having peculiar spectra in "Harvard Circular 60 and ApJ, 14, 144-146.
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IC 1645 = IC 1642 = MCG +02-04-008 = CGCG 436-009 = PGC 95507
01 12 27.3 +15 45 00; Psc
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (12/8/20): at 260x; between very faint and faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter. Member of galaxy cluster AGC 160 (distance ~520 million l.y.). IC 1646 lies 4.7' SE.
Stephane Javelle discovered
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IC 1646 = MCG +02-04-009 = CGCG 436-010 = PGC 4357
01 12 43.8 +15 42 28; Psc
V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.5'
24" (12/8/20): at 260x; extremely faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Only occasinally popped and fainter than IC 1645 4.7' NW. Member of AGC 160
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1646 = J. 3-845, along with IC 1645, on 24 Nov 1897.
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01 13 42.1 +33 13 06; Psc
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 132°
18" (10/16/09): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located 5.4' NE and 9' NE of two mag 7.5-8 stars and 34' ENE of the NGC 410 quartet (NGC 407/408/410/414) in the same larger group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1648 = J. 3-847 on 7 Dec 1899 and noted "F, R, 15" to 20", mag 14 ncl, granular."
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01 13 27.6 +02 04 07; Cet
Size 0.6'
24" (1/1/19): at 375x; IC 1651 is a small trio of stars oriented N-S (shallow curve). The brightest is the middle star at mag 13.4. It's bracketed by 15.1 mag stars 14" N and 19" S. The trio is situated 8' due W of NGC 435 and was easily resolved.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1651 = Big. 368 on 25 Nov 1897. Harold Corwin translates his description as "Nebula 13.3-13.4 or 13.4, pretty stellar, difficult to see because of a star 13.1 situated at PA = 195 degrees, distance = 0.2 arcmin; now and then, it briefly seemed that the nebulosity surrounded this star 13.1, to which the measurements referred." His position corresponds with three stars in a short string - there is no nebulosity - though technically his description refers to the brightest star.
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01 15 07.5 +33 22 38; Psc
V = 13.0; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.3
17.5" (9/19/87): fairly faint, small, round, bright
core, stellar nucleus. Located 20'
NNW of
Stephane Javelle found IC 1653 = J. 3-849 on 17 Oct 1903
with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches
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01 11 54.4 -71 19 48; Tuc
V = 14.0
30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
fairly small, soft round glow with an even surface brightness, 40"
diameter. Hodge-Wright (HW) 64
lies 5.5' W. IC 1655 is located
19' NW of
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1655 = D.S. 147 = D 59?? on a photographic plate taken on 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He simply noted "eF, vS, close cl."
Glen Cozens has suggested that James Dunlop's D 59, recorded on 6 Sep 1826, is an earlier discovery of IC 1655. Dunlop noted "a very small faint nebula, about 10" diameter." His position (single observation) is 11' SE of the cluster. D 60, the next object in Dunlop's sweep, was placed 13' due E of NGC 458, fairly consistent with Cozens' identification. But based on my observation, I'm confident this cluster is much too faint to have been seen by Dunlop.
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IC 1656 = NGC 447 = UGC 804 = MCG +05-04-006 = CGCG 502-013 = PGC 4550
01 15 37.6 +33 04 04; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 2.2'x2.2'; Surf Br = 15.5
See observing notes for NGC 447.
E.E. Barnard found IC 1656 visually on 25 Oct 1888 using the
12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.
He noted the "nebula is s.p. comparison star [mag 6
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01 14 06.9 -32 39 03; Scl
V = 12.4; Size 2.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 170°
48" (11/5/21): at 375x; very bright, large, very elongated ~7:1 N-S, nearly 2' in length, high surface brightness and brighter along the major axis, slightly brighter core. Two faint companions are 2' WNW and 2' NE.
17.5" (12/26/00): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 7:2 ~N-S, 1.8'x0.5', brighter core. The ends appear to taper giving a narrow lens impression. Two nearby faint companions off the NW and NE side were not seen. This is a Seyfert galaxy.
17.5" (11/6/93): fairly faint, very elongated 4:1 NNW-SSE, 1.6'x0.4', nearly edge-on appearance, weak concentration.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1657 = Sw. 11-14 on 4 Sep 1897 and
logged "eeF; S; eeE; a ray; no star nr." His position is 19 seconds of time too large (4 arc
minutes), but his description clinches the identification. He discovered it again less than two
months later on 30 Oct 1897 and assumed it was new, describing Sw. 11-15 (later
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01 15 49.6 +31 04 50; Psc
V = 14.3; Size 1.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 157°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 1658 = J. 3-851 on 17 Oct 1903. His position matches NGC 444 = UGC 810 = PGC 4561. This galaxy was discovered earlier by R.J. Mitchell, LdR's assistant, on 26 Oct 1854 but the NGC position is 28 seconds of RA too small. The identification is secure based on Mitchell's description and sketch. So, IC 1658 = NGC 444, with discovery priority to Mitchell.
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01 12 38.4 -71 45 41; Tuc
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'
30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
fairly small, round, 40" diameter.
A single brighter star is resolved along with a couple of extremely
faint stars. Several mag 12.5-13.5
stars are within 5', mostly on the south side. IC 1660 is located 8' SSW of mag
9.8
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1660 = D.S. 148 on a photographic plate taken on 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He noted "eF, vS, R, stellar nucleus involved in nebula or a very faint star." His position is accurate. For some reason, this object is included in Sky & Telescope's "Pocket Sky Atlas", although it is much fainter than other unplotted objects. It was described as "probably globular" in the 1935 Harvard Observatory Bulletin 899 based on Bruce plates at Arequipa.
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IC 1661 = NGC 451 = MCG +05-04-011 = CGCG 502-019 = Mrk 976 = PGC 4594
01 16 12.4 +33 03 51; Psc
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5
See observing notes for NGC 451.
E.E. Barnard found IC 1661 on 25 Oct 1888 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted it was 6 seconds of time preceding his comparison star (mag 6 HD 7578) and called it "vvF, S, R." He sent the discovery directly to Dreyer though his declination was 1.2' too far north (similar error with IC 1656 = NGC 447). Barnard later wrote in pen in his notebook that "This is NGC 451" [discovered by Édouard Stephan on 10 Nov 1881]. So IC 1661 = NGC 451.
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01 12 33.4 -73 27 25; Tuc
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'
30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 36"x24", brighter core. There was no resolution except for a single star on the west side. IC 1662 is located 3.7' WNW of a mag 10.9 star and 11' SW of the bright emission nebula NGC 456, which is the first of three striking clusters and nebulae with 460 and 465. Lindsay 93, a fainter cluster, lies 1.5' SE.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1662 = D.S. 149 on a photographic plate taken on 27 Nov 1900 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He noted "vF, eS, neb or vS group of stars." His position is accurate.
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IC 1663 = IC 1657 = ESO 352-024 = MCG -06-03-030 = PGC 4440
01 14 06.9 -32 39 03; Scl
V = 12.4; Size 2.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 170°
See observing notes for IC 1657.
Lewis Swift found IC 1663 = Sw. 11-15 on 30 Oct 1897 and reported it as "eeF, vE 350°; 5 sts sf have distant companions." There is nothing near his position, but Corwin found a match with IC 1657, which is 2° south and 2 minutes of time west from his large 11th list in AN. His description fits the galaxy and field perfectly. In Swift's earlier 5th discovery list at Lowe (puslished in AJ), the declination differs by 30', but was still 1.5° too far north. These types of errors were common in Swift's last year in southern California.
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IC 1667 = MCG -03-04-039 = PGC 4694
01 18 42.3 -17 03 01; Cet
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 69°
18" (12/17/11): extremely faint, small, round, 20"-24" diameter, very low surface brightness. Required averted vision to glimpse a few times, but confirmed. The IC identification is uncertain due to a poor position by Swift.
18" (12/18/06): extremely faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter. Appears as a very low surface brightness hazy spot without concentration. Only visible intermittently with averted vision. Located 4.8' W of brighter IC 93. The B magnitude of 14.5 appears too bright (LEDA gives 15.3).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1667 = Sw. 11-16 on 6 Oct 1896 and
reported "eF, pS, R, no * near, 8m * in field nf". There is nothing near his
position. MCG suggests MCG
-03-4-039 = IC 1667. This galaxy
is 1 min of time east and 3.5' north of Swift's position, though there is a mag
8.4 star 11' ENE that would have been in Swift's field. So, despite the poor position (more
common in his later years) and no mention of IC 93 = IC 1671, which he
"discovered" twice and lies only 5' ESE,
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IC 1670 = VV 779 = MCG -03-04-040 = MCG -03-04-041 = PGC 4707 = PGC 4711
01 18 50.8 -16 48 10; Cet
18" (11/13/07): IC 1670 consists of a contact pair of
spiral galaxies. The brighter
galaxy (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1670 = Sw. 11-17 on 18 Dec 1895 and recorded "vF; pS; lE; wide D * near nf; f[ollowing] of 2 [with IC 1671]." There is nothing at his position, but 6' northwest is this double system. His comment "f of 2" should read "preceding of 2", which is consistent with his RA order.
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IC 1671 = IC 93 = MCG -03-04-043 = PGC 4724
01 19 02.3 -17 03 37; Cet
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 170°
18" (11/13/07): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated at least 3:1 NNW-SSE, 0.7'x0.2', broad weak concentration. The tips taper, though there is a strong impression of irregularities at the tips. Forms a pair with much fainter IC 1667 4.8' W. The IC 1670 pair lies 15' N.
18" (12/18/06): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 0.75'x0.3', weak concentration, slightly asymmetric appearance at the ends. IC 1667 lies 4.8' W. Located 11' W of mag 8.5 HD 8061.
Lewis Swift found IC 1671 = Sw. 11-18 on 18 Dec 1895 and recorded it as "eeF; vS; R; p 7m * nf 47 s; p of 2." There is nothing at his position, but IC 93 is 30 seconds of RA west and 2.3' N. Furthermore, a mag 8.4 star is 47 seconds of RA following, so the equivalence is certain. His comment "p[receding] of 2" should read "f[ollowing] of 2", consistent with his RA order.
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IC 1672 = UGC 872 = MCG +05-04-024 = CGCG 502-036 = PGC 4848
01 20 38.2 +29 41 56; Psc
V = 13.0; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 139°
24" (10/1/16): moderately bright and large, oval 3:2 NW-SE, ~45"x30",well concentrated with a small bright core. A mag 14.3 star is 50" ENE. There was an impression of brighter regions to the northwest and southeast of the core. Perhaps these are portions of arms or an inner ring. Forms a pair with CGCG 502-035 (often identified as IC 96) 5' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1672 = J. 3-857 on 6 Dec
1899. His micrometric position
matches
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01 20 46.3 +33 02 42; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (10/4/13): fairly faint, small, round 18"
diameter, contains a bright core and very small halo. Located 6' NE of a mag 9.8 star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1673 = J. 3-858 on 17 Nov 1903 and noted "F, R, mag 13 stellar ncl."
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01 21 07.1 +33 12 58; Psc
V = 15.2; Size 1.0'x0.7'; PA = 129°
24" (10/4/13): extremely faint, small, round, 18"
diameter, very low surface brightness with no core.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1677 = J. 3-860 on 30 Nov 1899 and recorded "F, R, 30" to 40", mag 14 core."
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01 21 44.6 +33 29 37; Psc
V = 14.7; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 50°
24" (10/4/13): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2
SW-NE, 20"x14". Located
2.9' SW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1679 = J. 3-862 on 2 Dec 1899 and logged "F, S, irr form, diffuse, weakly condensed."
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IC 1680 = MCG +05-04-028 = CGCG 502-049 = WBL 038-003 = PGC 4956
01 21 51.2 +33 16 57; Psc
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 103°
24" (10/4/13): faint to fairly faint, small, round,
15"-18" diameter. Situated
1.5' N of a mag 9.8 star and 4' NW of mag 8.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1680 = J. 3-863, along with IC 1682, on 29 Nov 1899 and noted "F, vS, 10" to 15", stellar nucl, mag 13.5 core, nebulous character certain."
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IC 1682 = UGC 912 = MCG +05-04-032 = CGCG 502-053 = WBL 038-005 = PGC 4983
01 22 13.3 +33 15 37; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 0.9''x0.4'; PA = 120°
24" (10/4/13): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 24"x16", weak concentration. Located 2.1' NE of mag 8.8 HD 8216. IC 1680 lies 4.8' WNW. Member of the NGC 507 Group and 18' due W of this galaxy.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1682 = J. 865, along with IC 1680, on 29 Nov 1899. His declination is 2' too far south (correctly copied into the IC), but Harold Corwin found that Javelle applied the wrong sign to his north polar distance from his offset star. Once corrected, his position is excellent.
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01 22 39.0 +34 26 13; And
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 173°
24" (12/8/20): at 260x; fairly faint, elongated 5:3 N-S, ~40"x24", broad concentration, no nucleus. A mag 14.5-15 star is off the SW end, 0.8' from center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1683 = J. 1-866 on 29 Nov 1899. He called it "faint, elliptical, 25"x15", elongated in the meridian (N-S), mottled, gradually condensed.
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01 23 06.6 +33 11 22; Psc
V = 15.3; Size 0.4'x0.3'
24" (10/4/13): very faint, extremely small, round,
10" diameter. This member of
the NGC 507 Group is situated just 2.5' NE of
17.5" (10/4/97): this very difficult object is located 2.5' NE of NGC 494 in a cluster. Just glimpsed with averted vision at 280x and appeared as a 10" fleeting spot with no concentration. A mag 14.5 star lies 45" SSE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1685 = J. 3-868, along with
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01 23 11.5 +33 27 37; Psc
V = 12.2; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 82°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 1686 = J. 3-869 on 1 Dec 1899 with
the Nice Observatory 30" refractor.
His position is 1.7' S of NGC 499 (matches in RA) but this is a similar
offset that he gave for
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IC 1687 = MCG +05-04-039 = CGCG 502-061 = WBL 038-011 = PGC 5074
01 23 19.2 +33 16 40; Psc
V = 13.6; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 5°
24" (10/4/13): fairly faint, very small, round,
12" diameter. Located 1.6' SE
of mag 7.6
17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint and small, round,
10" diameter. Required
averted vision to view. Located
just 1.6' SE of mag 7.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1687 = J. 3-870, along with IC 1685, on 1 Dec 1899 and noted "faint, round, 15", central core mag 14." He worked his way through the NGC 507 cluster very thoroughly over several nights, picking up a number of faint galaxies.
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01 23 47.9 +33 03 19; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 16°
24" (12/8/20): faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", even surface brightness. A mag 15 star is close W [0.6' from center]. Member of the NGC 507 group (WBL 038).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1689 = J. 3-872 on 29 Nov 1899. His description reads "faint, almost round, about 15", gradually condensed, close to a star 14th mag."
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01 23 49.6 +33 09 23; Psc
V = 13.9; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 130°
17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint, very small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 20"x10". Extended in the direction of a mag 12 star 1.5' SE. Member of the NGC 507 Group and located 6.4' SSE of NGC 507.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1690 = J. 3-873 on 30 Nov 1899 and noted "faint, very small, round, 10" to 15", stellar ncl, mag 13.4 core. His micrometric position is accurate.
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01 24 25.8 +33 24 25; Psc
V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 123°
24" (10/4/13): extremely to very faint, very small,
round, 12" diameter. Located
4.0' WSW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1691 = J. 3-874 on 2 Dec 1899 and recorded "pF, nearly round, 20", no concentration." His position is 2' too far south, which appears to be caused by a error in declination offset from his comparison star (same problem with IC 1684).
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01 24 02.4 -01 39 26; Cet
V = 15.3; Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 162°
17.5" (9/19/87): extremely faint and small, round. Forms a very close pair with a close
double star, whose components are both mag 15. Located 2.0' SE of
Herbert Howe discovered IC 1693 = Ho III-2 on 1 Jan 1900 and
recorded "eF, vS, possibly only a faint star." His micrometric position matches PGC
73940, though Harold Corwin
remarks that "This pair of objects [a faint star is superimposed] has also
been confused with the middle (brightest) galaxy in the line, CGCG
385-099." HyperLeda does not
equate
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01 25 07.7 +08 41 57; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1
48" (11/8/15): at 488x; bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, ~40" diameter, small very bright core. A mag 15 star is embedded in the halo, just 10" NE of center. A mag 13.5 star is 40" NW.
IC 1695 is the brightest member of Shakhbazian 40, which
corresponds with the central region of
18" (12/3/05): I forgot about my observation of IC 1695 two months ago and assumed it was part of the NGC 524 group. But with a redshift of z = .048 compared to .008, this galaxy lies six times further away in the heart of AGC 193 and Shk 40! At 225x it appeared faint to fairly faint, small, irregular round, slightly brighter core. The core or a stellar knot seemed offset to one side (double galaxy). A mag 12 star is less than 1' NW. This description is quite similar to the one two months back.
18" (10/8/05): The brightest member of AGC 193 and Shakhbazian 40 appeared faint, small, irregularly round. Situated just 43" SE of a mag 13 star. In moments of better seeing this galaxy appeared double with an extremely faint knot or extension to the northeast of the core of the main galaxy. The next day I checked the DSS and this observation matches the image! This distant cluster has a redshift of z = .048 which corresponds to a distance of over 700 million light years. The only other member seen was UGC 967, located 7.5' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1695 = Sw. 11-19 on 26 Nov 1897 and recorded "eF; pS; R; 10m * att p; * with distant companion sf, another np." His position is 3' too far northwest, but other nearby galaxies are much fainter. A 12th magnitude star is ~45" northwest; I assume this is the "10m * attached preceding." and another mag 12 star 3.7' south-following (with "distant companion" 1.6' to its south).
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IC 1696 = UGC 973 = ZH 24 = MCG +00-04-122 = PGC 5231
01 24 52.3 -01 37 02; Cet
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 10°
24" (11/7/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, high surface brightness, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 14.4 star is off the NW edge. Located 3.3' SE of NGC 530.
17.5" (9/19/87): faint, very small, irregularly round, small bright core. A mag 14 star is 34" NW of center. Located 3' SE of NGC 530 in AGC 194.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 1696 = Ho III-3 on 19 Jan 1900 at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver and recorded "eF, eS; [NGC] 530 is n.p." His position is accurate.
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IC 1698 = UGC 983 = MCG +02-04-040 = CGCG 436-045 = IC 1699? = PGC 5261
01 25 22.1 +14 50 19; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 117°
24" (12/1/13): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, 0.6'x0.3', small bright core. IC 107 = IC 1700 lies 1.6' NNE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1698 = J. 3-877 on 18 Jan
1896 and recorded "pB, irr form, 30" diameter, core of mag
14." His position is
accurate. Harold Corwin suggests
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IC 1699 = IC 1698 = UGC 983 = MCG +02-04-040 = CGCG 436-045 = PGC 5261
01 25 22.1 +14 50 19; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 117°
See observing notes for IC 1698.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1699 = J. 3-878 on 26 Dec 1897. There is nothing at his offset position, but Harold Corwin suggests that if Javelle made a 5' error in North Polar Distance, then IC 1699 is probably a duplicate of IC 1698.
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IC 1700 = IC 107 = UGC 986 = MCG +02-04-041 = CGCG 436-047 = PGC 5271
01 25 24.7 +14 51 53; Psc
V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 6°
24" (12/1/13): moderately to fairly bright, small, round, 20", high surface brightness. Gradually increases towards the center, then a sharp stellar nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is at the southwest edge. Brightest in a small trio with IC 1698 1.6' SSW and UGC 978 2.8' WNW. IC 1704 lies 26' ESE.
See identification notes for IC 107
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01 25 56.3 +16 36 06; Psc
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 172°
24" (9/8/18): faint to fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated N-S, 50"x40", very diffuse. A mag 13 star is close off the north edge [45" from center].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1702 = Sw. 11-20 on 12 Oct 1896 and reported "eeeF; pS; lE; bet 2 st in meridian; wide D * nf; ee diff." His position is only 5 seconds of RA too far west and the description matches the field perfectly.
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01 26 25.1 -01 38 20; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 45°
17.5" (1/1/92): faint, small, round, broad
concentration, halo gradually fades into background. Located 4.5' WNW of mag 8.7
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1703 = Big. 369 on 27 Oct 1897
while searching for
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IC 1704 = UGC 1027 = MCG +02-04-052 = CGCG 436-054 = PGC 5411
01 27 09.5 +14 46 35; Psc
V = 13.2; Size 1.0'x0.75'; PA = 163°
24" (12/1/13): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, ~42"x28", irregular surface brightness, increases to an elongated core. There was a strong impression of structure due to mottling in the halo. A mag 10.7 star lies 3' ENE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1704 = J. 3-881, along with IC 1698, 1700 and 1706, on 18 Jan 1896. He described this nebula as "pB, 40" to 50" diameter, diffuse, irr form, weak and gradual concentration." There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson note that Javelle misidentified his reference star for IC 1704 and 1706. Once his offsets are applied to the correct star, there is an exact match.
Malcolm Thomson notes the CGCG, UGC and MCG all misidentify IC 1704 as IC 1706 (this is pointed out in the PGC), while having no listing for the correct IC 1706. RC3, PGC, HyperLeda, NED and Corwin's lists have the correct identities and coordinates.
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01 27 57.0 -35 43 04; Scl
V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 137°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1709 = Sw. 11-21 on 4 Sep 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS R; v diff." His position is 10 seconds of RA east and 2.8' south of NGC 568 = PGC 5468. This galaxy was discovered by John Herschel on 29 Nov 1837. The ESO, PGC and Deep Sky Field Guide (first edition) misidentify ESO 353-004, a much fainter galaxy 4.3' NE, as IC 1709. As Swift makes no mention of NGC 568 in his description, it is much more likely he picked up this brighter galaxy. See Corwin's notes.
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01 30 46.7 +21 26 25; Psc
V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.7
17.5" (11/30/91): faint, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter, low almost even surface brightness, broad mild concentration, edges fade into background.
Stephane Javelle found IC 1710 = J. 3-888 on 18 Jan
1896. His position matches UGC
1081 = PGC 5634. This galaxy was
discovered earlier by Stephan on 17 Oct 1876, but due to a transcription error
by Dreyer, its NGC position is two degrees too far north. So,
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01 31 20.7 -06 52 06; Cet
V = 10.5; Size 4.2'x2.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 55°
See observing notes for NGC 584.
E.E. Barnard found IC 1712 on 10 Dec 1888 while observing his comet discovery C/1888 RI with the comet nearly occulting the galaxy! He wrote in his notebook, "The comet's nucleus passed some 30" N of the nucleus of the nebula. The comet is probably 5 times as bright as the nebula and is a great many times larger." The discovery was reported directly to Dreyer, who catalogued it again as IC 1712, though Barnard's position is nearly identical to NGC 584. Barnard later added the comment “NGC 584” in his notebook, obviously after getting around to checking the NGC, so he was aware of the equivalence but perhaps never passed this information along to Dreyer.
Based on a photograph taken between 1914-16 at the Helwan
Observatory in Egypt, IC 1712 was misidentified as
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01 32 57.0 -16 32 08; Cet
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 32°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1714 = Sw. 12-7 on 20 Sep 1897 and reported "eeF, R, S, lE, 8m * n, e dif[ficult]." There is nothing near his position (01 32 54 -13 30.0, for 2000) or even searching east or west several degrees. But Harold Corwin suggests Swift may have made a 3 degree error in declination and IC 1714 = NGC 594. This galaxy has a mag 9 star 9' N, which is consistent with Swift's description. Considering his errors and poor positions near the end of his observing career, this identification is reasonable.
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01 37 35.9 -33 55 27; Scl
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 174°
24" (11/7/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, very small bright core. A
mag 14.5 star is off the NE side [1.1' NE of center]. Located 30' SW of mag 6.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1719 = Sw. 11-22 on 4 Sep 1897 and reported "vF; S; R; eF * near n[orth]-f[ollowing]." The IC description calls the nearby star "cF" or "considerably faint", probably from one of his earlier lists. His position is 3.8' S too far south and this galaxy has a mag 10 star 7' NE, perhaps the mentioned star.
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01 40 21.6 -28 54 46; Scl
V = 12.9; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 164°
24" (11/7/18): at 260x; moderately bright, slightly
elongated, 45"x35" NNW-SSE, broad concentration with a slightly
brighter core region, no nucleus.
Two mag 14.5 stars are less than 2' S. Located 15.7' NE of mag 7.4
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1720 = Sw. 11-23 on 30 Oct 1897 and reported "eeF; extremely small; R; B * in margin of field p]receding]." The bright star is mag 7.4 HD 10209.
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01 47 30.0 +27 19 59; Tri
V = 11.5; Size 6.9'x3.1'; Surf Br = 14.7; PA = 150°
24" (12/28/13): fairly faint, very large, very
elongated 3:1 NW-SE, low surface brightness, ~2.5'x0.8' though the outer halo
fades into the background gradually so the dimensions are difficult to
estimate. Contains a slightly
brighter "bar" that is extended 4:1 or 5:1 NW-SE,
~45"x10". The halo is
more extensive NW of this bar, so the appearance is asymmetric.
17.5" (1/20/90): very faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE. Very low surface brightness with no distinct edges or core. Located 8' SW of NGC 672.
13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, moderately large, diffuse, ill-defined, elongated NNW-SSE, no central condensation. Forms a pair with NGC 672 8' NE.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 1727 photographically on 29 Nov 1896 with his 20" reflector from his Starfield Observatory in England. He reported (AN 3429) "It is nearly as large as NGC 672 and distant from centre to centre 8' only; nucleus consists of 6 faint stellar condensations forming a straight line in the direction south following to north preceding and there are 6 or 7 very faint condensations of nebulosity near the preceding margin; 15th mag star on the north preceding margin and a 16th mag star at the south following end of the nucleus." Roberts was very amazed that this galaxy was missed by William and John Herschel and by the assistants at Birr Castle (7 observations of NGC 672) and he felt this object must have "come into the state of visibility during the past half century."
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01 47 55.2 -26 53 32; For
V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 150°
18" (12/17/11): at 285x appeared moderately bright,
fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 30"x20". Sharply concentrated with a very small,
very bright core that increases to a stellar nucleus.
18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.4', gradually increases to center. This galaxy appears to have a high surface brightness as if I was viewing the core region only (verified on the DSS). Located 9' SSE of mag 8.9 HD 11020 near the corner where Cetus, Fornax and Sculptor meet.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1729 = Sw. 11-24 on 8 Oct 1896 and noted "pB; eeS; almost stellar; in vacancy." Using the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver, Howe measured an accurate position and noted, "this looks resolvable, and is equivalent in brightness to a star of mag 10-11. It is very small."
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01 49 57.9 +22 00 44; Ari
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 64°
18" (11/22/03): very faint, extremely small, round,
10" diameter. Located 3.5' NE
of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1730 = J. 3-891 on 17 Jan 1896 and noted "F, nearly round, 20" to 25", gradually condensed." His position is 2' too far north, which Malcolm Thomson notes is due to an error in the position of his BD reference star.
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01 50 12.4 +27 11 46; Tri
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 140°
17.5" (12/11/99): very faint, fairly small. Appears as a low surface brightness glow elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE. IC 1731 is located 34' SE of NGC 672 and 5' N of Collinder (Cr) 21.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 1731 photographically on 29 Nov 1896 with his 20" reflector from his Starfield Observatory in England. He described it (AN 3429) as "Faint; elongated south following to north preceding; faint stellar nucleus; probably a spiral; cluster of stars 9 to 15 mag on the south side 13" following the nucleus."
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01 50 47.9 +35 55 57; And
V = 13.9; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 62°
17.5" (10/17/87): faint, fairly small, edge-on
WSW-ENE. A mag 15 star is at the
NE edge 18" from the center.
Located 5.3' N of mag 7.3
13.1" (10/20/84): very faint, small, elongated WSW-ENE. One or two extremely faint stars possibly involved. Located between two stars mag 7 and 8.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1732 = Big. 248 on 17 Nov 1881. His unreduced position was 4' too far west, nearly identical to offsets of 12 other galaxies that he viewed in the same general area. Stephan didn't publish the discovery, so didn't receive credit in the NGC.
Bigourdan rediscovered IC 1732 ten years later on 6 Nov 1891. He described Big. 248 as 40" to 50" in diameter with a condensation of 12".
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01 50 42.9 +33 04 56; Tri
V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 50°
24" (9/15/12): fairly faint to moderately bright,
fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.7'x0.6', bright core. Forms a close pair with
17.5" (10/5/02): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, 0.8'x0.7, weak concentration.
Located 2.0' S of mag 10.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1733 = J. 3-892, along with IC 1735, on 13 Nov 1903 and noted "F, nearly round, 15" to 20", granular."
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01 49 17.1 -32 44 33; For
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.3'
24" (11/7/18): at 260x; faint, fairly small, roundish, low surface brightness, 30" diameter. The contrast was fairly poor at a low elevation and at the edge of the light dome just east.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1734 = Sw. 11-25 on 17 Nov 1897 and logged "eeF; pS; R; 2 faint st p[receding] point to it." Delisle Stewart found the galaxy again on a photograph taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station with the Bruce 24" astrograph. It was described as "F, S, E at 100°, considerably brighter middle."
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IC 1735 = MCG +05-05-018 = PGC 6803
01 50 51.7 +33 05 32; Tri
Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 168°
24" (9/15/12): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 24"x18". Forms a close pair with brighter IC 1733 1.9' WSW. Located 2' SE of a mag 10.8 star on the west side of AGC 260.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1735 = J. 3-893, along with IC 1733, on 13 Nov 1903 and noted "a little fainter than the preceding [IC 1733], 15" to 20", granular."
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01 51 07.9 -09 47 31; Cet
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 80°
13.1" (12/22/84): faint, small, round. Forms a pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1738 = Sw. 11-26 on 8 Dec 1895 and noted "eeF; vS; GC 418 [NGC 701] p." His RA is 37 seconds too large and dec is 3' too far south, but this is the only candidate near NGC 701. Herbert Howe measured an accurate micrometric position in 1899-00 at Denver, so the IC position is very good.
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01 52 59.7 +12 42 30; Ari
V = 12.9; Size 1.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 57°
17.5" (12/4/93): fairly faint, elongated 2:1 SW-NE,
1.5'x0.7', broad weak concentration but no nucleus. Located 8' WNW of mag 7.5
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1743 = Big. 250 on 1 Jan
1892. He noted "Could be NGC
716, which could not be found, but with a 20' error in declination." His position corresponds with UGC
1351. He was correct in assuming
this object was
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01 53 38.8 +19 50 26; Ari
V = 13.2; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 150°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 1744 = J. 3-896 on 18 Jan 1896 with the 30" refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position matches NGC 719 = UGC 1360. Heinrich d'Arrest discovered this galaxy on 24 Nov 1861 but his single position is 13 sec of RA too large and Dreyer assumed J. 3-896 was new. MCG labels this galaxy IC 1744 and UGC correctly equates NGC 719 = IC 1744.
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01 57 35.8 +63 19 19; Cas
V = 12.0; Size 13"
48" (10/27/16): at 610x; very bright, small, round, aqua (blue-green) color, 12" diameter. The planetary is annular (though not a high contrast) with a darker center. The rim is unevenly lit, slightly mottled, and brighter along the entire eastern side.
48" (10/23/11): at 375x appeared as a very bright, small, bluish planetary with an irregularly brighter rim, slightly fainter on the west side of the rim. At 488x, this is a very interesting annular planetary with a dark center and a relatively thick brighter rim that appears clumpy. The rim dims, though, on the west side, so the annularity is incomplete. Overall the impression is a thick crescent spanning 270°.
18" (11/17/08): immediately picked up at 175x as a small bluish disc, ~12" diameter. Situated within a distinctive 20' curving chain of stars that passes through much of the field. Very good contrast gain using an OIII filter. At 450x, the planetary is slightly elongated WNW-ESE, ~15"x12", and weakly annular. At 800x it appeared irregularly brighter along the rim with a knotty structure, particularly along the northern half. Located 30' SE of mag 3.4 Epsilon Cas.
13.1" (12/7/85): at 166x without a filter appeared moderately bright, very small, round, about 12" diameter. Takes 360x but no structure is visible. Surrounded by three mag 13 stars 0.8' N, 1.0' SW and 1.3' E of center. Three collinear mag 11 stars oriented SSW-NNE begin 3' NE. Located just 30' SE of mag 3.3 Epsilon Cas.
8": just non-stellar at 125x. Definite disk at 220x and possibly slightly elongated NW-SE. Three mag 11 stars on a line are to the NE.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 1747 = HN 103 in 1905 at Harvard College Observatory while classifying stars by examining photographic objective-prism spectra. A note in the 1905 Harvard College Observatory Circular No. 98 ("Stars Having Peculiar Spectra") reads "assumed to be the following and southern of two faint and difficult objects, which also appears somewhat hazy. The spectrum consists of a bright band having wavelength of about 5000. Therefore, this object has been assumed to be a gaseous nebula."
Based on Crossley photographs, Heber Curtis (1918) described, "central star about mag 14. Nearly round disk 13" in diameter, with an indistinct ring effect, strongest in the north and south and fading out along an axis in pa 90° [E-W]."
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IC 1750 = UGC 1412 = CGCG 413-007 = PGC 7266
01 56 18.6 +04 04 34; Psc
V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 64°
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; very faint, fairly small, elongated nearly 3:1 SW-NE, 30"x10", low even surface brightness. A mag 15.4 star is 0.8' SSW. IC 1754 lies 8.4' ESE and IC 174 is 19' S (same redshifts).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1750 = J. 3-899, along with IC 1754, on 21 Dec 1903. His position matches.
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01 56 21.0 +05 37 44; Psc
V = 11.1; Size 3.0'x2.9'; Surf Br = 13.5
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1751 = Sw. 11-28 on 26 Nov 1897 and
reported, "pF; pS; R; 9m * near np." His position is 6' northwest of NGC 741 and Dreyer assumed
it was new. Herbert Howe corrected
Swift's position though didn't make the connection with NGC 741. CGCG misidentifies
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01 57 19.3 +28 35 21; Tri
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (11/21/19): at 322x and 375x; fairly faint, small,
round, compact with a well defined 20" halo, moderately high surface
brightness, slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 15.2 star is 30" SW and a
slightly brighter mag 15.0 star 45" NW. Located 10' NW of mag 7.1
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1753 = J. 3-901 on 17 Nov 1903.
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IC 1754 = UGC 1424 = CGCG 413-011 = PGC 7307
01 56 49.9 +04 01 32.2; Psc
V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x1.0'
24" (1/1/22): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.3' diameter, moderate surface brightness, small bright core. Two mag 14 and 14.5 stars are 1' WNW and 2' W. IC 1750 lies 8.4' WNW and IC 174 is 18' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1754 = J. 3-902, along with IC 1750, on 21 Dec 1903. His position matches.
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01 57 05.3 -00 28 06; Cet
V = 14.6; Size 1.3'x0.2'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 153°
48" (10/27/19): at 375x and 542x; fairly faint,
moderately large, thin edge-on ~7:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.0'x0.15', brighter core but no
significant bulge. A mag 14 star is just off the eastern edge, 0.3' SE of
center. Two mag 13.7/15.5 stars
close SW "point" to the SSE end of the galaxy. Forms a non-physical pair with
24" (9/28/19): at 322x; very faint, fairly small, very elongated 4:1 NNW-SSE, ~40"x10", low even surface brightness, no core. A mag 14 star is at the southeast edge and galaxy is a dim streak extending mostly NNW from the star. A mag 13.7 star is 1.7' SW.
IC 1757, which lies far in the background at 1.1 billion l.y., lies 1.5' E.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1756, along with IC 1757. The discovery date and telescope is
unknown as he communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer, but he was
probably observing with the Lick 36-inch refractor. The MCG misidentified this galaxy (
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01 57 11.4 -00 28 26; Cet
V = 15.9; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 55°
48" (10/27/19): at 375x and 542x; fairly faint, small, round, 12" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 1.6' ESE of edge-on IC 1756, which lies in the foreground. At a light-travel time of 1.1 billion years, IC 1757 is one of the most distant galaxies in the NGC/IC that was discovered visually.
24" (9/28/19): at 322x; extremely faint, very small, 10" diameter, low even surface brightness. Required careful averted vision for extended glimpses, but could hold for up to 2 seconds. Situated just 1.5' E of brighter IC 1756.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1757, along with IC 1756. The discovery date and telescope is unknown as he communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer, but he was probably observing with the Lick 36-inch refractor.
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01 57 55.4 -32 59 13; For
V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7
24" (11/7/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 40" diameter, very weak concentration. Located 8' NW of mag 6.4
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1759 = Sw. 11-29 on 29 Sep 1897
and reported "pB; vS; R; BM; 10m * v close sp." His position is 6' too far southwest
(RA 25 seconds too small) and the bright star is not southwest as stated, but
southeast. He found the galaxy
again on 17 Nov but due to a transcription error the declination for Sw. 11-30
(later
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IC 1760 = IC 1759 = ESO 354-018 = MCG -06-05-016 = PGC 7400
01 57 55.4 -32 59 13; For
V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7
See observing notes for IC 1759.
Lewis Swift found IC 1760 = Sw. 11-30 on 17 Nov 1897 and reported (11th discovery list), "eF; pS; R; Cordoba 681 sp." There is nothing near his position but 1° south is IC 1759 (also discovered by Swift on 29 Sep 1897). Corwin sorts out Swift's error and concludes IC 1760 = IC 1759.
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01 58 52.2 +00 34 06; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 47°
24" (12/22/14): faint, small, round 12" diameter
(only the core seen with certainty).
Located 3.7' NE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1761 = J. 904 on 18 Dec 1897 and recorded "vF, vS, R, gradually brighter middle to a nucleus." His position is 1' too far north. Harold Corwin comments that "IC 1761 was not seen by Lewis Swift as some have suggested (see NGC 768 for that story)."
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IC 1762 = ESO 354-017 = MCG -06-05-015 = PGC 7393
01 57 48.6 -33 14 23; For
V = 13.5; Size 1.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 43°
24" (12/6/18): at 260x; very faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 SW-NE, 0.9'x0.35'. Appears as a ghostly streak (thicker in the middle) with averted vision and appears fainter than the listed magnitude. Located 13' SW of mag 6.4 HD 12135. IC 1759 lies 15' due N.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1762 = Sw. 11-31 on 6 Sep 1897 and called it "eeeF; pS; R; 7m * in field [north-following], another susp[ected]." His position is 5' too far southeast (very common in his last year of observing) but a mag 6.4 star is 13' NE, confirming the identification. Delisle Stewart found the galaxy again on a photograph taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station with the Bruce 24" astrograph. It was described as "cF, S, vE at 45°, considerably brighter middle."
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01 59 11.8 -27 48 38; For
Size 1.1'x0.9'; PA = 45°
24" (11/7/18): at 260x; very faint, fairly small,
round, 25"-30" diameter, low surface brightness with little or no
central brightening (like a face-on Sc spiral). Situated 9' NNW of mag 8.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1763 = Sw. 12-8 on 10 Oct 1897 and reported it as "eeF, S, R, 8m * S[outh], lf." His position is about 25 seconds of RA too far west (not unusual at all in last discovery list) and the 8th mag star 9' SSE clinches the identification.
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02 01 06.4 +31 52 57; Tri
V = 12.1; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 35°
See observing notes for
E.E. Barnard found IC 1765 in the early 1890's at Lick
Observatory and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer. Barnard's position is about 30 seconds
of RA west and 2' S of NGC 783, so Dreyer must have thought it was a different
object. Most likely IC 1765 = NGC
783 (
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IC 1766 = NGC 785 = UGC 1509 = MCG +05-05-046 = CGCG 503-076 = PGC 7694
02 01 40.0 +31 49 35; Tri
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 80°
See observing notes for NGC 785.
E.E. Barnard found IC 1766 in the early 1890's at Lick Observatory and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer. Barnard's position is about 30 seconds of RA west and 3' S of NGC 785, so Dreyer must have thought it was a different object. Almost certainly IC 1766 = NGC 785 as Barnard's IC 1765 has a similar offset from NGC 783!
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01 59 59.4 -11 04 44; Cet
Size 1.7'x0.6'; PA = 75°
24" (12/28/16): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, ~1.2'x.0.5', large brighter core, no nucleus. The halo brightens slightly at the WSW edge - perhaps a knot in the galaxy?
I was pleased when I checked later and found the PanSTARRS-1 image clearly shows a small galaxy (identified as 2MASX J01595678-1104533 in NED) at the position I noted. Although this galaxy appears to be superimposed, I don’t know whether the companion is actually at the same distance (no published redshift) or possibly in front of IC 1767.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1767 = Sw. 11-32 on 18 Dec 1895
and reported "eeF; pS; bet[ween] the 2 southern of 4 st in
trapezium." His position is
~2.5' too far south, but the identification is certain.
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02 00 49.9 -25 01 36; For
Size 1.3'x1.1'; PA = 47°
24" (11/7/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, broad weak concentration. Three mag 9.5-10.5 in an equilateral triangle (sides ~3.5') lies roughly 7' SE. IC 1768 is the brightest in a collinear trio with comparable redshifts.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1768 = Sw. 11-33 on 8 Oct 1896 and
reported "eeeF; pS; R; 3 9m st near sf form equilateral triangle; ee
diff[icult]." His position is
about 4' S of
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02 04 02.1 +30 49 59; Tri
V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 7°
See observing notes for NGC 804.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1773 = Big. 372 on 24 Dec 1897 while searching for NGC 804. As Swift's RA was 22 seconds too large Bigourdan mistook a faint star for NGC 804 and when he picked up Big. 372 = NGC 804, he assumed it was new. So IC 1773 is a rediscovery of NGC 804 with discovery priority to Swift. See Corwin's notes.
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02 06 19.4 +09 13 39; Psc
V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 24°
See observing notes for IC 199.
Stephane Javelle found IC 1778 = J. 912 on 29 Jan 1897. This was his second observation of IC 199, having discovered it on 15 Dec 1892, along with IC 198. He made the comment that IC 1778 was found while measuring IC 198, though apparently he didn't realize he had already placed it in his second discovery list along with IC 198.
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02 06 52.8 -00 31 05; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 0.65'x0.5'; PA = 126°
24" (12/28/16): at 432x; faint, very small, round,
20" diameter, low surface brightness patch with no structure.
In the 1980s, prominent broad lines appeared in the optical
spectrum of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1781 = J. 3-915 on 8 Oct 1896 and noted "faint, round, 15" to 20" diameter, stellar nucleus mag 14."
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02 07 20.1 -25 26 31; For
V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 110°
See observing notes for
John Herschel discovered NGC 823 = h196 on 14 Oct 1830 and recorded "A vF double star enclosed in a vF neb." Herschel also observed this nebula at the Cape (h2460) and gave the same description.
Lewis Swift found this object on 8 Oct 1896 searching for Comet 1889V (Brooks). Sw. 11-34 (later IC 1782) was described as "vF; D* of = mag in nebulosity. Curious object." He added the note "This appears like a nebulous double star, but I think it is simply a double star in a nebula. There is a vast difference between a nebulous star, and a star in a nebula." Dreyer must have missed the close match of Swift's and Herschel's position and their descriptions are virtually identical. So, NGC 823 = IC 1782. See Corwin's notes.
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02 10 06.1 -32 56 23; For
V = 12.5; Size 2.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 3°
17.5" (10/8/94): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 1.5'x0.7', broad concentration. A mag 13 star is 1.8' WSW of center.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1783 = Sw. 11-35 on 29 Dec 1897 and recorded "vF; vS; eE; nearly 0°; F * p." His position is fairly poor, but the identification is certain based on his description. Swift originally included it in his third list of new nebulae from Lowe Observatory and gave the discovery date as 4 Sep 1787 with a less detailed description ("very faint, small, vE, one * nr.") and it was given in his fourth list with date 29 Sep 1897! Delisle Stewart found the galaxy again on a photograph taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station with the Bruce 24" astrograph. He described it as "cB, cL, vmE at 0°, considerably brighter middle."
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02 16 12.8 +32 38 58; Tri
V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 94°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, moderately
large, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 E-W, ~50"x24", broad concentration,
overall diffuse. Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1784 = J. 3-916 on 20 Jan 1898. His position is 1' too far south.
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IC 1785 = MCG +05-06-021 = CGCG 504-044 = LGG 055-005 = PGC 8682
02 16 21.0 +32 39 59; Tri
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 146°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 20"x15". A mag 15.2 star is 0.7' SE of center. Forms a physical pair with brighter IC 1784 2' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1785 = J. 3-917 on 20 Jan 1898. His position is 1' too far south (same offset as IC 1784).
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IC 1787 = IC 217 = MCG -02-06-046 = 2MFGC 1761 = PGC 8673
02 16 10.4 -11 55 36; Cet
V = 13.6; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 35°
See observing notes for IC 217.
Lewis Swift found IC 1787 = Sw. 11-37 on 12 Oct 1896 and recorded "eeF; eeE; a ray bet 2 st p[receding] and f[ollowing]; 8m star near [north-following]." His position is only 1.5' S of IC 1787, but a perfect match in description. Dreyer didn't catch the equivalence IC 1787 = IC 217.
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02 15 50.0 -31 12 04; For
V = 12.3; Size 2.6'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 27°
17.5" (12/28/94): moderately bright, fairly large, nearly edge-on 4:1 SSW-NNE, 2.5'x0.6', broad concentration. A mag 14 star is just west of the SSW end 1.6' from the center. A wide pair of mag 10-11 stars at 36" separation lies 10' SSE. Relatively bright for an IC galaxy.
17.5" (10/29/94): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 2.1'x0.7', broad concentration. A mag 14 star is just preceding the SSW tip.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1788 = Sw. 11-36 on 25 Dec 1897 and logged "pF; pS; R; distant D * nf." In this earlier third discovery list from Lowe Observatory he gave the discovery date as 5 Sep 1897 (apparently correct as the list is date 12 Sep 1897)and called it "pretty bright".
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02 17 51.2 +32 23 46; Tri
V = 13.7; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 30°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated ~3:1 SSW-NNE, 0.6'x0.2'. Contains an elongated brighter core 0.3'x0.15'. IC 1784/1785 pair (same redshift) is 25' NW.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1789 on 1 Sep 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He recorded (in his logbook) "Found another nebula, faint, small, irregular?" His computed position is 5' too far east. He must have sent the discovery later directly to Dreyer.
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02 19 01.1 +34 27 45; Tri
Size 1.5'x1.2'; PA = 45°
24" (1/23/23): at 327x; fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated 4:3, ~45" diameter, very small bright core rising to a stellar nucleus. Situated 5' ESE of STF 246, a nice mag 7.8/9.3 pair at 10" separation. Delta Trianguli (mag 4.9) is less than 30' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1792 = J. 3-921 on 17 Nov 1903 with the 30" refractor at Nice, France. His position is at the east edge of the galaxy and the identification is certain.
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02 21 32.4 +32 32 40; Tri
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 34°
24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 40"x15", small bright core. A mag 10.6 star is 2.5' NE and a "Y" shaped asterism of 4 stars is ~7' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1793 = J. 3-922 on 20 Jan 1898. His position is 1' too far south.
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02 26 32 +62 02 29; Cas
Size 21'
18" (10/13/07):
17.5" (11/27/92): observation at 100x using an OIII filter. This is the northeastern section of a large emission complex with NGC 896. Very large, about 10' diameter, roundish, fainter than NGC 895 but still moderately bright. A mag 9.5 star is embedded at the SE edge and several fainter stars are superimposed. A small detached piece of nebulosity is visible about 10' N with a mag 11.5 off the south edge and several fainter stars are at the edges or superimposed. NGC 896 and IC 1795 form the NE component with the IC 1805 ("Heart Nebula") complex spread out to the SE.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1795 photographically, probably with the 6" Willard lens. The IC description is simply "Patch of neby".
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02 28 45.9 +45 58 14; And
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 34°
17.5" (8/5/97): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
5:2 SW-NE, broad concentration to a brighter core. A mag 14 star is at the west edge . Viewed after glimpsing
UGC 1920 (listed as NGC 920 in all modern sources) appeared
extremely faint, moderately large, ~1.5' diameter, very low surface brightness,
required averted vision to glimpse.
This roundish unconcentrated glow is situated within a group of stars
including a mag 11 star 1.6' WSW and mag 13 stars 1' NW and 1' SE. I would not have noticed this object
without averted vision and knowing the exact location using a printed finder
chart. Located 9.5' W of much
brighter NGC 920 = IC 1799 and 15' WNW of
17.5" (11/26/94): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
5:2 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.4', broad concentration to a fairly bright core and
occasional stellar nucleus. A mag
14 star is very close west and a mag 12 star (unequal double) is 1.4' NNW. Located in a rich star field 11' WSW of
a mag 7
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1799 = Big. 251 on 28 Jan 1891. Lewis Swift is likely the original discoverer on 11 Sep 1885, but his position was 1.0 minute of time too small and Bigourdan assumed his discovery was new. I suggested the equivalence of NGC 920 = IC 1799 = UGC 1943 to Corwin and Steinicke, instead of the standard identification NGC 920 = UGC 1920. They both concur with this identity. See NGC 920, as well as Corwin's identification notes.
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02 28 12.9 +19 34 60; Ari
V = 13.8; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 30°
17.5" (1/20/90): very faint, very small, elongated
SW-NE, low surface brightness.
Forms a double system very close off the southeast end of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1801 = J. 3-926 on 18 Dec 1897 and recorded "F, 20" to 25", gradually little brighter middle, dif." It's a bit surprising that Lewis Swift, who discovered NGC 935, missed this faint companion.
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02 29 14.0 +23 04 58; Ari
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 120°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 30" diameter, very small bright core. A mag 12 star is 1' NW. A faint companion (
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1802 on 1 Dec 1877 with a second observation 4 nights later. His second position was accurate, although he apparently missed IC 1803 and 1804. Stephan failed to publish his discovery, so this galaxy didn't receive a NGC designation.
E.E. Barnard rediscovered IC 1802, along with IC 1803 and 1804, on 29 Oct 1888 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His notebook sketch clearly identifies the trio, with IC 1802 = CGCG 483-067 = PGC 9462, although his computed position (sent directly to Dreyer) is poor 33 seconds of time too small and 2.2' too far north. He noted "the p[receding] of 3. 1' s.f. 11m star." His poor position for IC 1803, though, happens to fall closer to IC 1802 and PGC, RC3 and HyperLeda (as well as secondary sources such as Uranometria 2000.0 Sky Atlas and Megastar) misidentify IC 1802 as IC 1803. NED has the correct position as Harold Corwin correctly identified this galaxy.
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IC 1803 = MCG +04-06-058 = PGC 9507
02 29 50.0 +23 06 31; Ari
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint, very small, round,
15" diameter. Fainter of a
pair with
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1803, along with IC 1802 and 1804, on 29 Oct 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His notebook sketch clearly identifies the trio, with IC 1803 = MCG +04-06-058 = PGC 9507, although his computed position (sent directly to Dreyer) is 32 seconds of time too small and 2.5' too far north (similar offset as IC 1802). He noted "the p[receding] of 2 [with IC 1804], occasionally a star like point seen in b [IC 1803]."
His poor position for IC 1803, though, falls closer to this galaxy and PGC, RC3 and HyperLeda (as well as secondary sources such as Uranometria 2000.0 Sky Atlas and Megastar) misidentify IC 1802 as IC 1803.
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IC 1804 = MCG +04-06-060 = CGCG 483-068 = PGC 9512
02 29 54.4 +23 05 49; Ari
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.9'
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 24" diameter, small brighter nucleus, low surface brightness
halo. Brighter of a pair with IC
1803 1.3' NW.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1804, along with IC 1802 and
1803, on 29 Oct 1888. His notebook
sketch clearly identifies the trio, with IC 1804 (marked as "c")
correspoinding to
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IC 1805 = Ced 7 = Sh 2-190 = LBN 656 = W4 = LBN 654 = Cr 26 = Mel 15 = Heart Nebula
02 32 42 +61 27; Cas
V = 6.5; Size 100'x80'
18" (10/13/07): IC 1805, which is dubbed the
"Heart Nebula", is a cluster (
Adding an OIII filter, the cluster was encased in a fairly bright, irregular glow, ~12-15' in diameter and extending mostly to the east of the cluster. There appears to be dark lanes or obscuring dust involved as the surface brightness is irregular with brighter filaments within the glow. Fainter nebulosity extends to the east and then abruptly bifurcates into two branches, one heading NE and the other SE. There's a sharp border to the nebulosity at the split as the sky directly east immediately darkens, adding to the contrast.
Following the stream of nebulosity to the NE, it extends
roughly 20' in that direction but then curves back sharply towards the west
where it meanders for 30'-40', ending about 30' N of the cluster. Only 20' E of
the bend at the NE corner is the fairly large open cluster,
The southern river of nebulosity can be followed around in a
huge loop. First it gently curves to the south or SSE for ~40' and then loops
back sharply towards the west (this band forms the southern boundary of the
"Heart") for at least 40', heading towards a distinctive N-S string
of 5 stars with a length of 6'. This group is catalogued as Markarian 6 = Stock
7. At the south end of
At this point, the rim bends to the north and brightens noticeably in a 10' patch. It dims and continues on further to the north, passing about 25' W of the cluster and fades out pretty close to NGC 896, a nearly isolated bright patch to the NW of the main structure. Near the northwest end of IC 1805 is Tombaugh 4, a low surface brightness cluster that requires high power to partially resolve.
I had now traced around the entire outline of the "Heart Nebula" visible on wide-field images, scanning over a degree and a half from north to south and perhaps 1.25° in extent from west to east. The entire outline, including the weaker interior glow, was also visible at 12.5x in my 80mm finder using an OIII filter, although without the detail visible in the main scope.
NGC 896 and IC 1795 are parts of a fairly bright, detailed region at the NW corner of this huge ring. The complex appears split into three or 4 distinct sections by dust lanes (LDN 1359). The largest section is IC 1795, which extends mostly north of a mag 10 star for ~8'. To the west of the mag 10 star is a dust lane oriented NW-SE and beyond this lane to the west is a small, moderately high surface brightness glow (NGC 896) of 2' diameter. To the east of the star is another broad dust lane extending N-S and east of this lane is a fainter wash of nebulosity that streams to the north for over 15' in length. It passes through mag 9 SAO 12287 and just north of this star the nebulosity has another small, brighter patch. Initially, I thought the complex ended here on the NE side, but additional fainter nebulosity was noticed spreading out to the west, increasing the total size to 15'-20' for both N-S and E-W directions.
Comparing my descriptions to the MegaStar outline, I noticed that the cluster Mrk 6 (perhaps it's an asterism) is not plotted, although the brighter stars are, of course. Secondly, the outline shows a large gap between the NW end of the Heart and NGC 896. Visually, it appeared the Heart Nebula extended closer to 896. Finally, I picked up additional nebulosity to the north of NGC 896 not shown on MegaStar. At the section of the rim ~25' W of Mel 15 is the "bright-rimmed cloud" BRC 5, which was not noticed visually, though contains many T Tauri candidates.
17.5" (11/27/92): about 125 stars forming a bright, very large 40' field at 100x. In the center is an oval ring consisting of about 30 stars within a 4'-5' diameter including a bright 8th magnitude multiple star (Stein 368). The brighter stars in the outer region form a rough incomplete circular outline. Using 100x with an OIII filter, the associated nebulosity (LBN 654) is clearly entwined within a large portion of the cluster.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1805 photographically with the
discovery communicated directly to Dreyer. The NGC position is off by 1 minute of time in RA (same as
The Heart (IC 1805) and Soul (
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02 30 31.0 +22 57 00; Ari
V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.5'
24" (11/21/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, contains a brighter quasi-stellar nucleus. Collinear with a mag 11.6 star 2' SW and a mag 13.1 star 2.4' NE. IC 1809 lies 16' ESE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1807 = J. 3-928, along with
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02 30 31.0 -04 12 59; Cet
V = 13.4; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 1808 = J. 3-929 on 14 Dec 1903. His position matches MCG -01-07-017 = PGC 9545. This galaxy was discovered by Leavenworth in 1886 but his rough RA for LM 2-339 (later NGC 963) was 1.3 minutes too large. So, NGC 963 = IC 1808, with discovery priority to Leavenworth.
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IC 1809 = UGC 1996 = MCG +04-07-004 = CGCG 484-002 = III Zw 48 = PGC 9616
02 31 40.4 +22 55 02; Ari
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 50°
24" (11/21/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 30"x20". A faint star is superimposed at the NE tip [12" from center]. IC 1807 lies 16' WNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1809 = J. 3-930, along with IC 1807, on 16 Jan 1896.
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02 30 38.2 -34 15 51; For
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 7°
24" (11/7/18): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated N-S, ~0.6"x0.5", slightly brighter core. A mag 14.6 star is at the east edge
[24" ESE of center]. A wide
mag 13.5/14 pair is 3.5' NW. Forms
a pair with slightly smaller
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1811 = Sw. 11-38, along with IC 1813, on 22 Dec 1897 and reported "eeeF; S; R; D * nearly p; np of 2." His position is 40 seconds of RA too small. He confused the orientation in his description as his position is correctly southwest of IC 1813, and the"D[ouble] *" is probably the pair northwest.
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IC 1813 = ESO 355-022 = AM 0228-342 NED2 = MCG -06-06-009 =
02 30 49.5 -34 13 15; For
V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 102°
24" (11/7/18): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, ~30" diameter, slightly brighter core. Forms a pair with IC 1811 3.5' SW. A wide mag 13.5/14 pair is 4' W and a mag 13 star is less than 2' N [unequal double].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1813 = Sw. 11-39, along with IC 1811, on 22 Dec 1897 and reported "eF; eS; R; F * near n; D * np; sf of 2."
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02 31 05.8 -36 02 06; For
V = 12.6; Size 2.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 31°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1814 = Sw. 11-40 on 22 Dec 1897 and reported "pB; pS; vE." There is nothing at his position but 40 seconds of RA east is NGC 964. This galaxy was discovered by John Herschel on 1 Sep 1834 and described as "B, pmE, pretty suddenly brighter middle, 30" long; position 215.7 degrees." So, IC 1814 = NGC 964, with discovery priority to Herschel.
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02 34 20.0 +32 25 46; Tri
V = 12.9; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.8
18" (1/26/11): fairly faint to moderately bright,
fairly small, round, 35" diameter, even moderate concentration to a small
bright core and stellar nucleus.
Located 3.5' SE of mag 7.6
17.5" (11/30/91): fairly faint, small, irregularly
round, small bright core, stellar nucleus. Located 3.5' ESE of mag 7.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1815 = J. 3-931 on 20 Jan 1898 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "F, R, 20" to 25", gradually brighter in the middle, mag 14 stellar nucleus."
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02 31 51.0 -36 40 19; For
V = 13.0; Size 1.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.5
24" (11/7/18): at 260x; nearly moderately bright
(affected by low elevation), round, 35" diameter, bright core with a small
brighter nucleus. Two mag 10.2 and
11.3 stars (separation ~1.5') lies ~5' NW. Located 15' SSW of mag 6.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1816 = Sw. 11-41 on 12 Oct 1896 and noted "vF; S; R; wide D * near p[receding]." His position is 5' too far south and the wide double is ~5' NW.
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IC 1824 = NGC 1027 = Cr 30 = Mel 16
02 42 35 +61 35 42; Cas
V = 6.7; Size 20'
See observing notes for NGC 1027.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1824 (probably photographically) in the early 1890's at Lick Observatory. The discovery was transmitted directly to Dreyer and not published. His position is at the west edge of the cluster NGC 1027 and his description reads "Cl, sts F, perh[aps] F neby p extends to it." William Herschel discovered NGC 1027 on 3 Nov 1787. So IC 1824 = NGC 1027.
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02 39 03.6 -27 26 37; For
V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5" (12/9/01): moderately bright and large, elongated
4:3 WNW-ESE, 1.2'x0.9', brighter core.
A mag 10.5 star (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1826 = Sw. 11-42 on 6 Sep 1897 and
noted "pB; cS; R, 8m * near preceding." His RA is 38 seconds too small, but the mag 10.4 star close
west clinches the identification.
DeLisle Stewart found this galaxy again on a photographic plate taken in
1901 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He referenced Swift's position, but assumed D.S. 162 (later
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02 39 46.5 +01 33 30; Cet
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 154°
17.5" (11/26/94): faint, small, very elongated 3:1
NW-SE, 0.6'x0.2', bright core. A
mag 13 star is very close to the SE end 28" from the center. Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1827 = J. 3-938 on 21 Dec 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "F, 15" to 20", fan-shaped, star 13-14 in contact."
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02 40 29.1 +19 17 50; Ari
V = 13.2; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 1828 = J. 3-939 on 18 Jan 1898. His position matches NGC 1036 = UGC 2160, a galaxy discovered by William Herschel with a fairly good position. So it's surprising neither Javelle nor Dreyer realized that IC 1828 = NGC 1036.
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IC 1830 = IC 1826 = Haro 18 = ESO 416-006 = MCG -05-07-012 = UGCA 37 = PGC 10041
02 39 03.6 -27 26 37; For
V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5" (12/9/01): moderately bright and large, elongated 4:3 WNW-ESE, 1.2'x0.9', brighter core. A mag 10.5 star (SAO 167947) lies 1.3' W of center.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 1830 = D.S. 162 on a photographic plate taken in 1901 at Harvard's station in Arequipa, Peru. He noted "vF, S, susp, ef* 1.5' sp." Lewis Swift discovered this galaxy on 6 Sep 1897 and recorded Sw. 11-42 as "pB; cS; R, 8m * near preceding." His RA was 38 seconds too small so Dreyer assumed the two objects were different, but the equivalence IC 1826 = 1830 is certain.
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02 41 38.7 -28 10 17; For
V = 13.1; Size 1.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 63°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large,
oval 4:3 SW-NE, well defined brighter 25" core. Low surface brightness halo with averted,
~50"x35". Located 16' W
of mag 6.8
A quadruple system (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1833 = Sw. 11-43 on 22 Dec 1897, reporting "eeF; S; R; 3 fine D st nf, each about 7" [separation]." His RA is 18 seconds too small, but the identification is certain with the pairs to the NNE. Howe's accurate position (measured in 1900) was used in the IC 2.
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02 43 31.3 +00 18 25; Cet
V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 11°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 1837 = J. 3-945 on 24 Jan 1898. There is nothing at his position but Harold Corwin found that he reversed the sign of his declination offset from his reference star. Once corrected, IC 1837 = NGC 1072. Although this is a reasonable assumption (it occured in several other cases), it's odd that Javelle described NGC 1072 as round as it appeared noticeably elongated in both of my observations. NGC 1072 as discovered by Stephan on 20 Dec 1881.
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02 43 42.0 -15 42 20; Cet
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4
18" (11/26/03): very faint, small, slightly elongated
SW-NE, 0.5'x0.4', broad concentration with a round 20" core. Located 6' NW of mag 8.9 SAO
148573.
Herbert Howe found IC 1840 = Ho. 3-7 on 30 Jan 1900 and
reported "vF, vS mbM; near [NGC 1081]." His position matches
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02 43 57.0 -27 58 06; For
V = 9.2/10.3; Size 9"
24" (12/6/18): at 260x, this number possibly applies to the double star HDO 60, a mag 9.2/10.5 pair at 9" separation. It was easily separated at 225x, though when discovered the separation was considerably less and the pair might have appeared nebulous. Bu 261, a close mag 7.9/9.2 pair at 3", lies 5' NW with a very wide mag 10.5 component 1' SE.
SIMBAD identifies
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1845 = Sw. 11-44 on 22 Dec 1897 and noted it as "eeF, S, R, D[ouble] * np". There is nothing near his position except a mag 10.3 star, which hardly could be called "eeF". Corwin suggests this number refers to the double star, a mag 9.2/10.3 pair at 9" (only 5" separation in 1870), which is situated 1 minute of RA west of Swift's position. Furthermore, there is a very bright and wide double roughly 4' NW that would fit Swift's position. ESO suggested ESO 416-015, situated about 40 seconds of RA east of Swift's position, might be IC 1845 (this is the identification adopted by SIMBAD, but there is no double star northwest, so this identification seems less likely.
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02 47 43.6 +13 15 20; Ari
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6
17.5" (1/9/99): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration, very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Situated 2.5' ENE of a mag 11.5 star. The NGC identification of this galaxy is very uncertain due to poor positions in the group by Marth and UGC, MCG and CGCG identify this galaxy as IC 1846.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1846 = J. 3-952, along with
UGC, MCG, CGCG, PGC and HyperLeda label this galaxy as IC 1846, but NED and SIMBAD give NGC 1109 as the primary designation with IC 1846 as an alternate designation. See my notes, Corwin's notes and Courtney Seligman's entry for NGC 1109.
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IC 1848 = Ced 9 = Sh 2-199 = LBN 667 = Cr 32 = Cr 33 = Cr 34 = Soul Nebula = Baby Nebula = Embryo Nebula
02 51 12 +60 24; Cas
V = 6.5; Size 100'x50'
18" (10/13/07): I only took a fairly quick look at this
huge HII region ("Soul Nebula" or "Baby Nebula") at the end
of the evening after a long examination of
Adding an OIII filter greatly increases the contrast and
nebulosity is fairly prominent in several different sections. About 20' E of Cr 32 is a brighter,
elongated patch. To the east of
this patch is a dark lane or intrusion and on the eastern side is a brighter,
10' circular glow (
17.5" (10/2/99): at 100x, this large but weak grouping is dominated by a 2' pair of mag 7/8 stars which are both surrounded by several close, faint companions. The surrounding 1° field is undistinguished but it appears weakly concentrated around the bright pair. Faint nebulosity is visible in portions of the field. At 220x, the view is striking with ~12 stars huddled around the southern mag 9 star including a nice pair of mag 12 stars nearly collinear and equally spaced. The brighter mag 7 star (STF 306) is surrounded by 8-10 companions. The 20' field is fairly rich but scattered with a matched pair of mag 9 stars ~10' N.
Using a UHC filter at 100x, the field is immersed in a very large, faint nebulosity about a degree in length, elongated E-W. A large, bright region elongated N-S is at the east end, ~35 following the core, and seems detached from the main cloud. It surrounds a weak scattered group (Cr 34) that is devoid of stars in the center. The main body of nebulosity has a sharper border and is generally brighter to the north of the core and fades into the background on the south side. The outline is interesting on the north side with irregular extensions and bulges. A small brighter circular patch stands out at the west end about 10' W of the core.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1848 photographically and notified Dreyer directly. The IC description reads "Cl, st F, extends 8 min. f, in F neby." The Heart (IC 1805) and Soul (IC 1848) nebulae are part of the Cas OB6 Association, a sprawling complex of gas, dust and massive O- and B-class stars at a distance ~7500 light years in the Perseus Arm.
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IC 1850 = NGC 1111 = LEDA 1426583
02 48 39.3 +13 15 34; Ari
Size 0.7'x0.3'; PA = 9°
17.5" (1/9/99): extremely faint, very small, elongated 3:1 SSW- NNE, ~25"x9". Originally this object appeared virtually stellar as I probably just detected the core but after viewing for awhile the thin extensions were noticed. Located 5.6' NW of IC 1852. The NGC identification from Marth of this galaxy is very uncertain, although it was correctly placed by Javelle (IC 1850). The galaxy chosen by the RNGC is probably incorrect.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1850 = J. 3-955, along with
IC 1846 and 1852, on 7 Jan 1896.
His position is a good match with
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02 49 00.4 +13 13 25; Ari
V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 3°
17.5" (1/9/99): very faint, fairly small, ~40"x25". Appears as a very low surface brightness glow with no noticeable concentration and an ill-defined edge. After extended viewing could hold continuously with direct vision. IC 1850 = NGC 1111: lies 5.6' NW and IC 1846 = NGC 1109: is 19' W. The NGC identification is very uncertain due to a poor position from Marth. This galaxy is identified as IC 1852 in CGCG, UGC and MCG and identified as NGC 1109 in RNGC and RC3.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1852 = J. 3-956, along with
IC 1846 and 1850, on 7 Jan 1896.
His position is a good match with
Albert Marth discovered NGC 1112 = m 77 on 2 Dec 1863 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and logged "F, pS". This is the third in a group of 8 galaxies he discovered that night, several of which (NGC 1109, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1117) have identification problems because of poor positions or possibly he confused faint stars as nebulous.
Harold Corwin suggests NGC 1112 may refer IC 1852 = UGC 2293 = PGC 10660. Stephane Javelle discovered this galaxy on 7 Jan 1896 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. Marth's position is exactly 1.0 min of RA following IC 1852 and matches in declination. CGCG, UGC and MCG label this galaxy IC 1852, while RNGC, PGC, RC3 and Megastar identify it as NGC 1109. RNGC classifies NGC 1112 as nonexistent. Finally, HyperLEDA equates IC 1852 with NGC 1109. Although NGC 1112 = IC 1852 is a reasonable match, given all the problems in this region this identification is very uncertain. See Corwin's notes for NGC 1109 and Courtney's Seligman website for NGC 1112.
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02 48 04.3 -13 59 35; Eri
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 91°
17.5" (12/28/94): extremely faint, very small. Just glimpsed 2.0' SSW of NGC 1103. Too faint to view any additional details.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 1853 = Ho III-8 on 23 Jan 1900 and recorded "eF, vS, near [NGC] 1103." His position is accurate.
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02 48 50.8 -00 46 03; Cet
V = 13.5; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 60°
24" (11/21/19): at 375x; fairly faint but relatively prominent in the field, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 40"x20", irregular surface brightness. The galaxy seembed brighter or had a knot at the NE end and was more tapered on the SW end. There was a strong impression of a brighter elongated core or bar.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1856 = J. 3-959 on 24 Jan 1898.
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02 49 08.4 -31 17 24; For
V = 13.1; Size 1.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 176°
24" (11/23/19): at 375x; between faint and fairly
faint, elongated 5:2 N-S, 0.75'x0.3', slightly brighter core, low uneven
surface brightness. One of the
brightest members of cluster ACO S301.
24" (12/6/18): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 N-S, ~0.9'x0.3', brighter core. Second brightest member of the galaxy cluster ACO S301.
17.5" (12/9/01): extremely faint, small, slightly
elongated N-S, 25"x20" (viewed core only). Faintest in a trio with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1858 = Sw. 11-45, along with IC 1859 and 1860, on 5 Sep 1897. He reported "vF; pS; R; 1st of 3." His RA is 25 seconds too small and IC 1859 is actually a bit further west. The position was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus", based on photographs taken with the Bruce astrograph in South Africa.
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IC 1859 = ESO 416-028 = MCG -05-07-032 = PGC 10665
02 49 03.9 -31 10 21; For
V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 35°
24" (11/23/19): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated 5:3 N-S, ~35"x20". A mag 12.9 star is 1.3' W. One of the brighter members of the ACO S301 cluster.
24" (12/6/18): at 260x; very faint, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 N-S, ~35"x20", low surface brightness with a slightly brighter core. A mag 12.8 star is 1.4' W.
17.5" (12/9/01): faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.3' E of a mag 13 star. First of three with IC 1858 and IC 1860 in the ACO S301 = Klemola 2 cluster.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1859 = Sw. 11-46, along with IC 1858 and 1860, on 5 Sep 1897. He reported "pF; pS; R; 2nd of 3." His RA was 25 seconds of time too small. The position was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus".
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IC 1860 = ESO 416-031 = MCG -05-07-035 = PGC 10707
02 49 33.8 -31 11 23; For
V = 12.7; Size 1.7'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 6°
24" (11/23/19): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, oval 5:3 N-S, 50"x30", broad concentration, slightly brighter round core.
24" (12/6/18): at 260x; nearly moderately bright,
slightly elongated N-S, 40" diameter, bright core. Brightest member of the cluster
ACO S301 with IC 1859 6.4' W and IC 1858 8' SW.
17.5" (12/9/01): faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter. Largest and brightest in a trio with IC 1858 8' SW and IC 1859 6.5' WNW in the core of the ACO S301 = Klemola 2 cluster. A mag 12.3 star is 1.7' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1860 = Sw. 11-47, along with IC 1858 and 1859, on 5 Sep 1897. He reported "pF; pS; lE; 3rd of 3." His RA is 17 seconds too small. The position was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus".
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02 53 07.0 +25 29 25; Ari
V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 150°
24" (12/8/20): at 260x; fairly faint, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.4', brighter elongated core. A mag 11.8 star is 50" W (off edge).
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 1861 on 22 Nov 1886, the last night with documented observations. His uncorrected position is close off the SE end of the galaxy and he mentions it follows an 11th mag star by 2 seconds of time. The observation was made after the publication of his last discovery list (in 1885).
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1861 again on 1 Sep 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted in his logbook (unpublished) "Seaching with low power, found a small faint nebulosity close following a 9m star (the N.p. of 2, distance 5' +/-)". Barnard made a rough sketch and added the description, "F, pS, R, very gradually brighter middle, close following a 9th mag star." Barnard was credited with the discovery in the IC, so he must have notified Dreyer directly.
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02 51 58.8 -33 20 25; For
V = 13.7; Size 3.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 3°
24" (12/20/17): faint to fairly faint, moderately
large, edge-on 5:1 N-S, 1.0'x0.2', brighter central region but no distinct
core, overall low surface brightness.
Located 8' NW of mag 8.1
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1862 = Sw. 11-48 on 25 Nov 1897 and recorded "eeeF; vS; lE; 7m * in field sf; eee diff." His RA is 41 seconds too small, but a mag 8 star is 8' SSE, matching his description, so this identification is pretty secure.
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02 53 39.3 -34 11 53; For
V = 12.6; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 63°
17.5" (12/9/01): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak even concentration. Located 2.8° east of the Fornax Dwarf.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1864 = Sw. 11-49 on 19 Oct 1897 and recorded "eF; S; R." His RA is 29 seconds too small, but pretty accurate in declination.
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02 57 53.5 -02 20 49; Eri
V = 13.2; Size 2.8'x1.6'; Surf Br = 14.7; PA = 133°
24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated NW-SE, ~0.9'x0.5', increases in size with averted vision. Contains a small brighter core. Low surface brightness but slightly
irregular and patchy. Situated
just 1.7' WSW of mag 7.7
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1870 on 28 Nov 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "vF, R, very gradually brighter middle, v difficult" and made a rough sketch (in his logbook) with the nearby bright star. Barnard notified Dreyer directly of the discovery.
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IC 1871 = LBN 675 = Ced 11 = Sh 2-201
02 57 21 +60 40 18; Cas
Size 4.0'x4.0'
See observing notes for IC 1848 = "Soul Nebula"
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 1871 photographically at Lick Observatory and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer. Barnard's position matches mag 9.4 BD +60d 624 = GSC 4048:1659. Harold Corwin writes "I think that Barnard got the wrong magnitude 9.3 BD star. Instead of BD +60d 596 which is surrounded by nebulosity, "chiefly following", he listed the position of BD +60d 624." Corwin's star is on the eastern side of IC 1848.
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03 04 32.3 -27 27 38; For
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.1
24" (12/6/18): at 124x and 375x; almost fairly faint, slightly elongated, 30"x25". A mag 13 star is 1.7' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1876 = Sw. 11-51 on 16 Sep 1896
and logged it as "eeF; vS; R; F * near sf." His position is 2' SE of
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03 06 28.6 -09 43 53; Eri
Size 1.6'x1.1'; PA = 33°
24" (12/6/18): at 375x; between faint and fairly faint,
slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.4', small slightly brighter nucleus. Situated 2' W of a mag 10.4 star. NGC
1214 (= HCG 23A) lies 13' NE and
Herbert Howe discovered IC 1880 = Ho. III-10 on 30 Dec 1900. His position was accurate.
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03 09 17.3 +38 38 59; Per
V = 14.5; Size 1.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 15.4; PA = 60°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1881 = Big. 253 on 10 Jan 1891, while searching for NGC 1213. His position matches NGC 1213 = UGC 2557, but Swift's position was off by 0.4 minutes in RA. As a result Bigourdan misidentified a star as NGC 1213 and thought B.253 was new. The IC description questions whether IC 1881 = NGC 1213? It does.
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IC 1883 = NGC 1212 = UGC 2560 = PGC 11815
03 09 42.2 +40 53 35; Per
V = 14.5; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 22°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", faint stellar nucleus. Located 18' ESE of Algol and 2.7' SW of a mag 8.7 star within AGC 426. IC 290 lies 4.8' N.
18" (11/22/03): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, even surface brightness. Forms the SW vertex of an equilateral triangle with mag 8.7 SAO 38614 2.7' NE and a mag 11.7 star 2.2' E. Located just 18' ESE of Algol at the western edge of AGC 426!
E.E. Barnard found IC 1883 on on 26 Nov 1888 with the
12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.
His discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer and not announced in
any of his papers. This galaxy was
discovered earlier by Lewis Swift on 18 Oct 1884 and recorded in his first
discovery list as I-5 (later NGC 1212) with the description "S; R;
vvF. Right angled with 2
stars. In field with
Algol". Swift's position is
poor, 40 seconds of RA west of
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IC 1884 = IC 290 = UGC 2561 = CGCG 540-047 = PGC 11817
03 09 42.7 +40 58 27; Per
V = 14.6; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 131°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small, elongated ~5:2 NW-SE, ~25"x10", low nearly even surface brightness. Located 17' E of Algol and 2.8' NNW of mag 8.7 SAO 38614. IC 1883 = NGC 1212 is 4.9' S.
18" (11/22/03): very faint, very small, appears as a tiny elongated streak, ~25"x8". Located 5' N of IC 1883 (= NGC 1212) and 2.8' NNW of mag 8.7 SAO 38614 at the west side of AGC 426. Two mag 12/13 stars lie 50" E and 1.3' NE.
E.E. Barnard found IC 1884 on 26 Nov 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He communicated the result directly to Dreyer who didn't notice the equivalence with IC 290, discovered by Swift (along with IC 293 and 294) on 11 Sep 1888. UGC labels the galaxy IC 1884 instead of IC 290. See Harold Corwin's notes.
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03 08 03.2 -04 23 59; Eri
Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 0°
17.5" (1/7/89): very faint, extremely small,
round. A mag 13.5 star is 0.9' S
of center. Picked up 10' SSW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 1886 = Big. 254 on 9 Dec 1893, He noted the mag 13 star to the south.
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IC 1887 = IC 292 = UGC 2567 = MCG +07-07-030 = CGCG 540-049 = PGC 11846
03 10 12.9 +40 45 56; Per
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 75°
18" (11/22/03): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 0.9'x0.4', very weak concentration. Located 2.4' S of a mag 10 star at the west edge of AGC 426. NGC 1212 lies 10' NW.
E.E. Barnard independently discovered IC 1887, along with IC 1888, on 23 Nov 1888 while sweeping near Algol with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer. Lewis Swift discovered this pair just two and half months earlier and reported it in his 8th discovery list (#17). So, IC 1887 = IC 292.
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03 10 56.2 +41 08 14; Per
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 90°
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, broad and weak concentration. Situated in a rich star field 6' SW of mag 8.1 HD 19663 (a wide pair). This member of AGC 426 lies 14' SSW of NGC 1224, which was the previous target.
E.E. Barnard independently discovered IC 1888, along with IC 1887, on 23 Nov 1888 while sweeping near Algol with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer. Lewis Swift discovered this pair just two and half months earlier and reported it in his 8th discovery list (#18). So, IC 1888 = IC 293.
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IC 1889 = IC 294 = IC 296 = UGC 2574 = MCG +07-07-033 = LGG 088-012 = PGC 11878
03 11 03.1 +40 37 20; Per
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x1.0'; PA = 106°
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 24"x18", weak concentration. Three similar stars are near; a mag 14.5 star is 0.6' NW, a mag 14 star is 1.4' WNW and another mag 14 star is 1.1' WSW. IC 292 lies 13' NW.
E.E. Barnard independently discovered IC 1889, along with IC 1887 (= IC 292) and IC 1888 (= IC 293), on 23 Nov 1888 while sweeping near Algol with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer. Lewis Swift discovered this pair just two and half months earlier on 11 Sep 1888 and reported it in his 8th discovery list as #19 (later IC 294) and again three nights later as #21 (later IC 296). So, IC 1887 = IC 294 = IC 296.
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03 08 27.8 -23 03 16; Eri
V = 13.2; Size 1.9'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 2°
17.5" (11/10/96): extremely faint, moderately large,
very low surface brightness, no concentration, probably elongated ~N-S. Initially suspected while viewing the
Herbert Howe discovered IC 1892 = Ho III-11 on 22 Jan 1899 and noted "vF, L; near [NGC] 1230." His micrometric position is very accurate.
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03 09 36.2 -25 15 13; For
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 164°
24" (12/6/18): at 260x; almost moderately bright, fairly small, round, very small bright core with a 25"-30" halo. Two 12th magnitudes stars are nearby at 0.9' SW and 1.6' NW, with the stars oriented directly N-S.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1895 = Sw. 11-52 on 8 Oct 1896 and reported "eeF; pS; 2 st in meridian [N-S] close p[receding]." His position is 4.5' too far south and 7 seconds of RA too far west, but the identification is certain based on his comment on the two nearby stars (12th magnitude). The declination was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus", based on photographs taken with the Bruce astrograph in South Africa.
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03 10 45.9 -10 47 46; Eri
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5" (12/28/94): faint, small, round, weak
concentration. A mag 13 star is
1.5' S. Forms a pair with brighter
Herbert Howe discovered IC 1897 = Ho III-12 on 24 Jan 1900 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory. He noted "eF, vS; near [NGC] 1238" and his micrometric position is accurate.
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03 10 19.8 -22 24 17; Eri
V = 12.9; Size 3.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 73°
24" (12/6/18): at 124x and 260x; faint, fairly large, very thin edge-on,~1.5'x0.2', low surface brightness (partly due to its low elevation)
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1898 = D.S. 170 on an plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in 1899.
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03 12 13.1 -25 18 18; For
Size 1.3'x0.3'; PA = 162°
24" (12/6/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 35"x15", nearly even surface brightness. A mag 15.5 star is 45" E of center. IC 1899 is the brightest in a small group (USGC S118) with 5 members at z = .021.
UGCA 61, located 21' NE, appeared faint, moderately large, elongated ~2:1 N-S or NNW-SSE,~50"x25", very low surface brightness, probably mostly viewed the brighter central section (bar).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1899 = Sw. 11-53 on 22 Dec 1897 and reported "eeF; S; R; 2 faint st near [south-preceding] point to it." His reported RA was 23 seconds too far west, but the identification is certain based on his comment on the two collinear stars to the southwest. The RA was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus", based on photographs taken with the Bruce astrograph in South Africa.
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03 15 55.2 +37 09 15; Per
V = 13.9; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 92°
24" (2/5/13): brightest and first in the trio of IC galaxies. At 375x appeared fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 24"x18", increases to a small bright core and stellar nucleus.
24" (1/12/13): brightest in a trio (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1900 = J. 3-973, along with
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IC 1901 = MCG +06-08-008 = CGCG 525-014 = KTG 10B = PGC 12136
03 16 02.6 +37 06 45; Per
Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 164°
24" (2/5/13): second brightest in the KTG 10 trio (differing opinion than last month) with IC 1900 and IC 1902. At 375x appeared fairly faint, small, elongated 24"x15" N-S, sharply concentrated with a bright quasi-stellar nucleus and very faint extensions. Located 2.9' SSE of IC 1900 and 2.4' ENE of a mag 10.3 star.
24" (1/12/13): faintest member of the KTG 10 trio with IC 1900 2.9' NNW and IC 1902 4.4' NNE. At 375x appeared faint, very small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 15"x8" (core region viewed), brighter nucleus. The galaxy has a similar surface brightness as IC 1900, but is smaller. A 1.2' pair of mag 10.3/11 stars lies ~3' WSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1901 = J. 3-974, along with IC 1900 and 1902, on 18 Jan 1898. He reported "F, R, 20" to 30", similar to IC 1900."
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IC 1902 = CGCG 525-015 = KTG 10C = PGC 12150
03 16 12.4 +37 10 39; Per
Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 67°
24" (2/5/13): faintest in the KTG 10 trio with IC 1900 and IC 1901. At 375x appeared faint to fairly faint, small, round, 12"-15" diameter, contains a stellar nucleus. Located 3.7' NE of IC 1900.
24" (1/12/13): faint to fairly faint, very small, 15", moderately high even surface brightness except for a faint nearly stellar nucleus. Furthest northeast in the KTG 10 trio with IC 1900 and IC 1901.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1902 = J. 3-975, along with IC 1900 and 1901, on 18 Jan 1898.
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03 19 54.1 +41 33 48; Per
V = 12.4; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2
See observing notes for
24" (2/13/18):
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 1907 = Big. 375 on 22 Oct 1884 and reported it in his 4th Comptes Rendus list. His position matches NGC 1278, discovered by d'Arrest on 14 Feb 1863. See notes on NGC 1275 for more on the confusion of NGC 1275 and 1278.
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03 19 34.5 -32 27 54; For
V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x0.25'; PA = 149°
24" (11/23/19): at 260x; extremely faint, moderately large, thin ghostly streak NW-SE, ~60"x10". Only glimpsed with effort but repeatable in the same position and orientation. Collinear with mag 14.8 5' NW and mag 11.7 7' NW. IC 1913 is an outlying member of the Fornax I cluster, ~5° NW of the center of the cluster.
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 1913 = D.S. 178 in 1899 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station.
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03 26 02.2 -32 53 40; For
V = 12.8; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 84°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; either faint or fairly faint, slightly elongated, ~0.6'x0.5', nearly even surface brightness (fairly low). A mag 15 star is 1.6' SE. A mag 10 star is 5' NNW; this is the brightest and closest of 8 brighter stars scattered to the north.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1919 = Sw. 11-54 on 25 Nov 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS; lE; 7 or 8 pB st[ars] n[orth] like letter V." His RA is 37 seconds too far west, but the distinctive star field verifies the identification. He first reported the object in his 5th discovery list at Lowe Observatory and his RA was off by 10 minutes (too small). Dreyer noted the discrepancy and queried if the RA was wrong in the IC2 (it wasn't, except for the 37 second error).
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IC 1943 = NGC 1411 = ESO 249-011 = MCG -07-08-004 = PGC 13429
03 38 44.9 -44 06 02; Hor
V = 11.3; Size 2.3'x1.7'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 6°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1943 = Sw. 11-55 on 3 Oct 1897 and recorded "pB, S, R". There is nothing near his position but Harold Corwin suggests Swift may have made a 10 minute error in RA. If so, then IC 1943 = NGC 1411. The dec matches and the description is appropriate. Swift made a similar error of 10 minutes in RA for four objects discovered on 1 Sep 1888; IC 895, IC 1028, IC 1045 and IC 511. See Corwin's notes for IC 1943.
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03 30 32.8 -50 20 19; Hor
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 131°
24" (4/5/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): IC 1947
is a faint companion to
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1947 = DS 206 from a plate taken on 14 Oct 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.
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03 33 41.9 -21 28 43; Eri
V = 11.7; Size 2.8'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 121°
24" (11/23/19): at 375x; moderately bright, large, slightly elongated, 1.5'-2' diameter, small brighter core seemed offset north of the center. At times a brighter "spine" or central bar was visible extending in a N-S orientation. The surface brightness was fairly low and irregular with a patchy appearance. This galaxy is situated just 9' N of 4.3 magnitude Tau 5 Eri and it helped to place the star outside the field.
13.1" (10/10/86): fairly faint, very large, diffuse, oval WNW-ESE, weak concentration. Located 9' N of the bright star Tau 5 Eridani (V = 4.3) that detracts from viewing. Member of the NGC 1332 group?
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 1953 = DS 213 from a plate
taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He reported "vF, cL, spir or ring neb." Based on photographs taken at the
Helwan observatory in 1927-31, IC 1953 was described as "F, R, 2' dia,
spiral with a pF ncl, vlE [bar] 160°, [spiral arms] showing condensations and
absoprtion on the preceding side."
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03 31 31.4 -51 54 17; Hor
V = 11.6; Size 3.2'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 66°
24" (4/5/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x this was a surprisingly bright and detailed IC galaxy that was missed by John Herschel! Appears elongated ~2:1 WSW-ENE, ~2.8'x1.4' with a broad concentration to a large, brighter core. With direct vision a small brighter nucleus was visible at the center. There was a strong impression of spiral structure with slightly enhanced arcs (probably portions of spiral arms) extending east of the core on the south side and west of the core on the north side (this is consistent with images of the galaxy).
Robert Innes discovered IC 1954 in 1898 with the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. His discovery position in MN, 59, p.339 is 12 seconds of RA too large. DeLisle Stewart also recorded this galaxy on a plate taken on 14 Oct 1898 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru and called it a "Find S spiral"
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IC 1963 = IC 335 = ESO 358-026 = MCG -06-08-031 = LGG 094-008 = PGC 13277
03 35 31.0 -34 26 49; For
V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 84°
18" (1/21/04): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated ~E-W, 1.5'x0.4', slightly brighter core, tapering extensions (spindle-shaped). Located 7.5' E of a mag 11.5 star. This is one of the brighter non-NGC galaxies in the Fornax I cluster.
Lewis Swift found IC 1963 = Sw. 11-56 on 7 Sep 1897 (given as 27 Sep in his fourth discovery list from Lowe Observatory) and logged "pB; S; eeeE; a hair line 90°. See note." The note mentions "these [along with IC 2135] are the most interesting nebulae I have ever seen, especially No. 56 [IC 1963], which is a nebulous hair-line of one uniform size from end to end." His second position was 37 seconds of RA too far west, but the description matches IC 335, which Swift discovered 10 years earlier.
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IC 1967 = MCG +00-10-008 = CGCG 391-020 = WBL 103-003 = PGC 13382
03 37 47.7 +03 16 16; Tau
Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 60°
24" (2/23/22): at 260x; faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 30"x20". A mag 13 star is 0.7' SE of center. IC 338 lies 10' SSW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 1967 = J. 3-980 on 29 Jan 1894. His position is accurate.
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03 36 31.5 -43 57 25; Hor
V = 12.1; Size 3.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 75°
24" (11/18/12 - Magellan Observatory, Australia):
fairly bright, fairly large, thin edge-on ~5:1 WSW-ENE, 2.0'x0.4', with a
slightly brighter, bulging core. Located 25' WNW of NGC 1411. Member of the
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1970 = Sw. 11-57 on 17 Nov 1897 and recorded "eeeF; vS; eeE; a ray, 90°; B * following." His position is 7' too far west-southwest, but the identification is certain based on the description. Delisle Stewart found the galaxy again on a photograph taken in 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station with the Bruce 24" astrograph. He measured an accurate position and described it as "eF, vS, eE at 75°."
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03 40 29.3 -26 51 44; For
V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 131°
17.5" (1/12/02): moderately bright, moderately large,
elongated nearly 2:1 NW-SE, 1.3'x0.7', bright core. Situated in a group of three mag 11/12 stars with a mag 12
star 1.6' SE. Located 38' SE of
Lewis Swift found IC 1981 = Sw. 11-58 on 26 Dec 1897 at Echo
Mountain in the San Gabriel mountains and recorded "eF, eS, lE, * close
nf". His position is 37
seconds of RA west of
Both NGC 1412 and IC 1981 were reported as not found in 1935 at the Helwan observatory on plates taken in 1927-31 (Bulletin 38). ESO and MCG use only the IC designation but both designations are given in NED, HyperLeda and SIMBAD. Included in my RNGC Corrections #6 and Corwin's notes.
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03 40 56.8 -22 33 50; Eri
V = 11.9; Size 3.5'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 148°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 1983 = Sw. 11-59 on 8 Oct 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and recorded "vF; pS; R; not [NGC] 1426." His position is 3.4' SE of NGC 1415, the most likely galaxy he picked up according to Harold Corwin. See his identification notes on IC 1983.
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IC 1985 = IC 348 = Cr 41 = OCL-409 = vdB 19 = LBN 758 = Ced 20
03 44 36 +32 10; Per
V = 7.3; Size 10'x10'
17.5" (12/16/95): IC 348 is an unusual object consisting of a scattered group of stars with associated nebulosity situated near a large dark cloud virtually devoid of stars. The cluster consists of 15 stars of varying magnitudes in a 6' group located 5'-10' S of Omicron = 38 Persei (V = 3.8). The brightest star in the group is mag 8.4 SAO 56680, which has two nearby companions and the group is clearly encased in a fairly bright reflection nebula, ~3' diameter. The star at the southwest end of the cluster is a nice close evenly matched double (∑437 = 9.8/10 at 11"). The immediate 50' low power field to the south is strangely devoid of almost all stars! (Barnard 3 and 4). Omicron also has a halo but this appears to be scattered light.
E.E. Barnard found IC 1985 on a plate taken 6 Dec 1893 at Lick Observatory. The IC position matches the brightest star in the IC 348 cluster. So, IC 1985 = IC 348.
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03 47 04.8 -33 42 36; For
V = 11.7; Size 2.5'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 56°
18" (1/21/04): fairly faint, fairly large, low surface
brightness glow with just a very weak concentration, slightly elongated ~N-S,
roughly 2.0'x1.7'. Located just
1.5' ESE of mag 9.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 1993 = Sw. 11-62 on 19 Nov 1897 and logged "eF; L; cE; 7 1/2m in contact; ee diff." In his Astronoical Journal list (15th object is the 5th discovery list from Lowe Observatory), Swift mentions the star "nearly obliterates it" and has a note "it seems strange, although in close contact if not partly superimposed on the star, that it was not found long ago. I think it would, could it be detached from the star, be quite an interesting one.
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03 54 30.3 +10 42 24; Tau
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 0°
17.5" (2/11/96): faint, fairly small, round, 40"
diameter, weak concentration to a slightly brighter 15" core. A mag 13.5 star is just 1.0' N of
center. Located 12' WSW of mag 9
This galaxy is identified as IC 2002 in UGC, MCG, CGCG and RC3 due to a poor declination by Marth. RNGC reverses the sign of the declination.
Stephane Javelle found IC 2002 = J. 3-983 on 21 Dec 1903 and
described "Weak, elongated in the direction of the meridian [N-S], a star
is north, very weakly condensed."
His position matches
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03 56 22.0 +33 52 30; Per
V = 11.6; Size 7"x6"
18" (2/4/08): easily swept up unfiltered at 115x as a vey small, blue-grey disc forming a close "double" with a mag 13.5 star just 18" SW. At 220x the star is well separated and the planetary appears a bit irregular with an occasional sparkle. Increasing the magnification to 325x, the appearance is definitely asymmetric with a fainter NW quadrant and an intermittent stellaring (superimposed star, knot, or the central star) to the SE of the geometric center. At 450x, the dimmer quadrant on the NW side appears to bulge out slightly and the brighter region, centered to the SE, extends in an arc from the NE to the SW. An occasional stellar sparkle was clearly visible, though it was difficult to pinpoint the location.
17.5" (3/1/03): easily picked up at 100x as a fuzzy blue-gray mag 11.5 star. Excellent view at 380x: bright, small, 10" diameter, irregularly round with an irregular surface brightness. There appears to be a knot (or offset central star?) on the SE side. A mag 13.7 star is just off the SW side [18" from center]. Located 3' SW of a wide mag 9.5/11 pair.
8" (12/4/80): moderately bright, very small, just non-stellar at 125x and a definite disc is visible at 220x. A wide double star is 3' NE (9.5/11 at 47" oriented NW-SE).
Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 2003 on 18 Jan 1907 with his 17.3-inch Calver reflector. He found it while searching for new double stars and estimated a diameter of 5". A couple of weeks later he measured a size of 6.9"x6.35" in PA 10.5°. This object is one of the final discoveries chronologically that made it into the IC II (Fleming found two new PN that year), and certainly the last visual discovery.
Annie Jump Cannon classified it as a planetary nebula in 1926.
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03 57 39.5 +36 47 15; Per
Size 0.35'x0.25'; PA = 47°
24" (1/1/16): at 260x; faint, very small, round, 10" diameter, faint stellar nucleus. With averted vision the halo increases slightly to 15". This galaxy shines through the northwest section of the California Nebula!
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2005 = J. 3-084 on 18 Jan 1898. His position is accurate.
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03 54 28.5 -35 58 02; Eri
V = 11.3; Size 2.1'x1.8'; Surf Br = 12.7
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; moderately bright, moderately
large, irregularly round, 1.2' diameter, well concentrated with a bright core
that increases to the center, fairly uniform halo. Mag 9.9
13.1" (1/18/85): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S, diffuse but contains a very small brighter core, possible stellar nucleus. Located at the east edge of the Fornax I cluster.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2006 = Sw. 11-63 on 3 Oct 1897 and logged "pB; S; R; * near nf; double star sp." His RA is 24 seconds too small, but the identification is certain.
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03 55 22.8 -28 09 30; Eri
V = 13.0; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 52°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.4', very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.2 star is at the NE tip. Located 33' SE of mag 7.0
Lewis Swift found IC 2007 = Sw. 11-64 on 26 Dec 1897 and
logged, "eF; S; R; faint * in contact north-following. There is nothing at his position but 37
seconds of RA to the east is
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IC 2008 = IC 2007 = ESO 419-011 = MCG -05-10-005 = PGC 14106 = PGC 14110
03 55 22.8 -28 09 30; Eri
V = 13.0; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 52°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.4', very small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.2 star is at the NE tip. Located 33' SE of mag 7.0 HD 24661.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2008 = Sw. 11-65 on 5 Oct 1896 and reported "eF; vS; eeeF; * v close north-following." His position was 5' too far southeast but the description matches. He found this galaxy again on 26 Dec 1897. His RA for Sw. 11-64 (later IC 2007) was 27 seconds too small, but the comment of the nearby star clinches the identification. So, IC 2008 = IC 2007.
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03 51 58.0 -59 55 46; Ret
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 71°
24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): picked
up while viewing
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2010 = DS 247 from a plate taken on 8 Dec 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, E 70°."
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04 03 55.2 -11 10 44; Eri
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5" (12/30/99): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. This is a very compact galaxy with a fairly high surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is 1' E.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2026 = Big. 376 on 16 Dec 1897 while searching for NGC 1509. As Stone's rough position (to nearest minute of RA) is off by 4', Bigourdan misidentified a nearby star to the east-southeast as NGC 1509 and recorded the galaxy again as a "nova" (Big. 376). Howe reobserved the field in 1899-1900 and measured an accurate position for NGC 1509 but Dreyer didn't notice the equivalence IC 2026 = NGC 1509. IC 2026 is misidentified in MCG, PGC, HyperLeda and SIMBAD with MCG -02-11-012 = PGC 14389 just 1.2' W of NGC 1509.
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04 12 59.8 -32 33 12; Eri
V = 12.7; Size 1.3'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 68°
24" (12/1/16): moderately bright, fairly small,
slightly elongated WSW-ENE, fairly high surface brightness, contains a very
small bright nucleus. Located 23'
NE of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2040 = Sw. 11-67 on 23 Dec 1897
and recorded "vF; vS; R; resolv[ability] susp.; [NGC] 1531-2 in
field." His RA is 40 seconds
west of
Arp-Madore (AM 0411-324) described this galaxy as a "High surface brightness irregular + peculiar absorption".
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IC 2041 = IC 2048 = ESO 359-028 = LGG 111-008 = PGC 14656
04 12 34.9 -32 49 03; Eri
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 136°
48" (10/22/11): picked up in the same field with the
showpiece pair
Lewis Swift found IC 2041 = Sw. 11-68 on 29 Sep 1897 and recorded "eF; vS; R; 10m * close S." His position is 3.4' too far S. He originally discovered this galaxy on 10 Dec 1895 and called it "eeeF; eS; B * f; [NGC] 1532 p; 3 in field with D neb; ee dif." His position, though, was very poor, and both Swift and Dreyer assumed Sw. 11-69 was a different object. It's clear from the description, though, that IC 2048 = IC 2041.
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04 14 36.0 -13 10 30; Eri
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 125°
24" (12/22/14): fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated, 20" diameter, very small slightly brighter core. Brightest in a small group including IC
2047 5' ESE and Holmberg 73 (pair) 8' ESE. This galaxy is sometimes identified
as
17.5" (12/30/99): faint, very small, round, 20"
diameter, weak concentration.
Situated between a mag 10 star 3' NE and a mag 9 star 5.5' SW.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 2045 = Ho III-14 on 20 Jan 1900
and recorded "eF, eS, almost stellar; near [NGC] 1538." His position matches
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IC 2047 = NGC 1538 = LEDA 941480
04 14 56.1 -13 11 30; Eri
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 108°
24" (12/22/14): faint, small, round, 12" diameter (core only), very faint stellar nucleus. Holmberg 73 (double system) lies 3.3' SE and IC 2045 is 5.0' WNW.
Holm 73a = LEDA 3093623 appeared faint, extremely small, round, 6" diameter (core). Forms a close pair with Holm 73b = LEDA 940994 45" NE. The companion is extremely to very faint, also just 6" diameter (core).
IC 2045 (identified as NGC 1538 in RNGC and PGC) appeared fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20" diameter, very small slightly brighter core. IC 2045 is the brightest in a small group including IC 2047 5' ESE and Holmberg 73 (pair) 8' ESE. With my 17.5" on 12/30/99, IC 2045 was logged as faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Situated between a mag 10 star 3' NE and a mag 9 star 5.5' SW.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 2047 = Ho. III-15 on 20 Jan 1900
and reported "eF, eS, difficult; near [NGC 1538]." His position matches
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IC 2048 = IC 2041 = ESO 359-028 = LGG 111-008 = PGC 14656
04 12 34.9 -32 49 03; Eri
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 136°
48" (10/22/11): picked up in the same field with the showpiece pair NGC 1531/1532. At 375x, IC 2041 appeared fairly bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, ~35"x24", small bright core. Located 6' WSW of mag 7.1 HD 26799 and ~7' NE of NGC 1532.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2048 = Sw. 11-69 on 10 Dec 1895 and recorded "eeeF; eS; B * f; [NGC] 1532 p; 3 in field with D neb; ee dif[ficult]." There is nothing near his position (32' SE of NGC 1532) but his description is a perfect fit with IC 2041, which is ~7' NE of NGC 1532 and 6' WSW of mag 7.1 HD 26799. Swift's first discovery list from Mount Lowe in AJ gave the discovery date as 5 Oct 1896, with the correct date unknown. Swift found this galaxy again on 29 Sep 1897, measured a better position for Sw. 11-68 (later IC 2041), but assumed they were different nebulae. So, IC 2041 = IC 2048.
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03 52 00.8 -83 49 50; Men
V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 67°
24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 200x appeared as a bright, large oval 5:3 WSW-ENE, 2.5'x1.4'. Contains a small, bright, slightly elongated core, ~20"x15". There was a strong impression of spiral structure at the ends of the halo [confirmed on the DSS]. A mag 10.9 star lies 2' W and 4' W is a striking trio of mag 11.5 to 13.5 stars.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2051 = DS 268 from a plate taken in Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!!vF, vS, stell N, ellipt ring neb."
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04 20 26.3 -31 43 28; Eri
V = 12.9; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 172°
24" (2/13/18): at 200x; moderately bright, elongated nearly 3:1 N-S, 1.0'x0.35', strong concentration with a small bright core and occasional sharp stellar nucleus. At 282x; core is elongated and occasional starp stellar nucleus still seen. A mag 13.5 star is 0.9' S of center, just off the south end of the galaxy.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2059 = Sw. 11-70 on 29 Sep 1897 and reported "eeF; pL; R." There is nothing at or near his position but 16' S is this galaxy. This type of error is fairly common in Swift's last years and without any other reasonable candidates, the identification is fairly certain.
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04 22 40.3 -15 39 38; Eri
Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 174°
17.5" (12/30/99): very faint, small, slightly elongated
N-S, faint stellar nucleus at moments.
A mag 15 star is just off the ESE edge [35" SE of center]. At moments a faint star seems
superimposed, perhaps at the west edge [a mag 15.5 star is at the west edge
8" from center]. This galaxy
is misidentified as
17.5" (2/8/91): extremely faint, small, slightly
elongated. A mag 15 star is off
the SE edge. A wide equal mag 12
double star at 31" separation lies 4' W. Member of the
Herbert Howe discovered IC 2063 = Ho I-5 on 14 Jan 1898 and reported "eF, vS. Near NGC 1561-5." His position is accurate though RNGC and MCG misidentify this galaxy as NGC 1563.
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04 26 36.7 -42 05 37; Cae
V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 153°
18" (12/30/08): this galaxy was picked up first while I
was sweeping the
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2068 = Sw. 11-71 on 9 or 10 Dec 1895 and recorded "eF; pL; R; 3 st like belt of Orion point to it; p of 2 [with NGC 1585]." His position is 5.4' too far northeast, but there are no other nearby candidates and the description fits (the stars are south-southeast). Slightly different dates are given in his first Lowe Observatory list and his large AN table.
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04 30 51.6 -05 47 54; Eri
V = 13.0; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 100°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2075 = Big. 260 on 17 Jan 1895 while searching for NGC 1594. Swift's position is 17 seconds fo RA too large, so Bigourdan found nothing at his position, but recorded Big. 260 as new at the correct position. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for NGC 1594 in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory in Denver (repeated in the IC 2 notes), but Dreyer didn't catch the equivalence of NGC 1594 and IC 2075. MCG identifies this galaxy as IC 2075 only but other catalogues equate the numbers.
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04 32 06.1 +00 34 02; Tau
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 130°
17.5" (2/11/96): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
3:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.6'. Contains a
30" brighter core with fainter extensions. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.8' N of center. Located 22' ESE of
Stephane Javelle found IC 2077 = J. 3-988 on 15 Jan
1898. His position matches UGC
3082 = PGC 15447. This galaxy was
found both by Marth in 1863 (
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04 40 00.0 +25 44 32; Tau
Size 4'
17.5" (12/26/00): this unusual yellow reflection nebula
(also catalogued as
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2087 visually on 18 Jan 1892 with the 12-inch Lick refractor while observing a comet. He noted "the small nebula is excessively difficult". His photograph in "On a Nebulous Groundwork in the Constellation Taurus" (ApJ, 25, p218, 1907) reveals a long winding dark lane with a small nebulous region surrounding a couple of stars within the dark lane.
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04 50 44.3 -05 25 07; Eri
Size 2.3'x0.3'
18" (12/17/11): very faint, extremely thin edge-on,
1.2'x0.15', oriented WNW-ESE.
Generally only the slightly brighter central region was visible, roughly
0.4'x0.15', but occasionally the very thin extensions popped out and the galaxy
appeared as a ghostly slash.
Viewed at 225x. Located 36' E of
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 2098 photographically on 17 Feb 1903 with a 20" reflector at his observatory in Sussex, UK.
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04 50 52.1 -04 53 34; Eri
V = 14.2; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 135°
17.5" (2/22/03): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.5', broad concentration to slightly brighter core, thin extensions. Situated between two stars with a mag 12.5 star 1.3' SE and a mag 14.5 star 1.1' NNW.
17.5" (12/26/00): faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.4', weak concentration. Nestled within a small asterism and 1.3' NW of a mag 12.5 star.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 2099 photographically on 17 Feb
1903 with a 20" reflector at his observatory in Sussex, UK. Lewis Swift's position for
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04 51 55.3 -04 57 08; Eri
V = 14.4; Size 1.3'x1.3'
24" (12/12/17): at 200x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, low surface brightness, broad concentration, small slightly brighter core/nucleus. Member of the NGC 1700 group (LGG 123).
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 2102 on a photograph taken on 17 Feb 1903 with his 20-inch reflector of the NGC 1665 region. His position is off the southwest side of the galaxy, but the identification is certain.
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04 56 19.7 -15 47 51; Lep
Size 1.9'x1.2'
17.5" (12/26/00): extremely faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 E-W, 1.0'x0.5', low even surface brightness. Clouds compromised this observation.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2104, and found
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04 49 26.4 -69 12 03; Dor
V = 12.8; Size 0.4'
30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): bright, small,
round, compact, high surface brightness, 25" diameter. A mag 10.3 star lies just 0.6' NW of
center. Located 5.5' SSE of
cluster
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2105 = HN 84 on Harvard objective-prism plates from Arequipa, Peru. It was included in a 1901 table "Objects having peculiar spectra" (ApJ, 14, 144-146), based on its emission spectra. Robert Innes, observing in 1926 with the 26.5-inch refractor at the Union Observatory, noted "20 arc second diameter, resolvable". He added about 15 seconds preceding [should read following] this is a small faint and nebulous patch." The nebulous patch is part of LMC-N77.
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04 56 33.9 -28 30 14; Cae
V = 13.0; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 56°
18" (1/21/04): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2
NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.7', fairly low surface brightness with a very weak
concentration. Located 12' ENE of
mag 8.1
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2106 on 25 Jan 1889. He described in his notebook "probably elongated N & S, not large, pF. 1' +/- N.f. 12m *. _ field following and 1' +/- N of 8 _ mag star." Lewis Swift found it again on 26 Dec 1897 and reported the discovery in list 11A (#73) as "eeeF; pL; components of D * 24s f point to it. His RA is about 35 seconds too small, but the description matches. Barnard never sent a discovery communication to Dreyer (this happened to several objects in 1889 including IC 454) and Swift is credited with the discovery in the IC.
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04 58 21.1 +08 14 19; Ori
Size 30"
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2107 = Big. 381 on 25 Dec 1899 while searching for NGC 1707 and noted "cl, vF, vS, R". He couldn't find NGC 1707 at John Herschel's poor position (30 seconds of RA too large) and claimed it was new. So, this multiple star has both a NGC and IC designation! RNGC classifies the number as nonexistent.
******************************
04 57 17.0 -15 17 20; Lep
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 15°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2108 = Big. 271 on 9 Dec 1896 while searching for NGC 1710. Due to Leavenworth's rough position he misidentified a faint star as NGC 1710 and thought B. 271 (later IC 2108) was new. Corwin notes that Bigourdan realied the equivalence in his own large table of micrometric measurements. MCG labels the galaxy as IC 2108 and ignores the NGC designation. See Corwin's notes.
******************************
04 51 52.2 -69 23 31; Dor
25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 187x;
18" (7/10/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this LMC emission nebula/cluster appeared as a very small, high surface brightness knot, ~12" diameter, embedded within NGC 1722. A mag 12 star (RMC 54F) lies ~0.5' SW, a mag 10.7 star (blue supergiant HD 268718) is 2' SSE and mag 8.5 HD 31722 is 3' ESE.
18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): embedded within NGC 1722 is a small, fairly bright knot just NE of a mag 11.8 star. At 128x and UHC filter, it appeared ~15" diameter and was described by Williamina Fleming as a "stellar planetary" based on an objective prism plate.
A 2017 preprint reports "the discovery of a massive embedded star forming complex spanning about 500 pc which manifests itself as a younger, embedded twin of 30 Doradus. Previously known as N79, this region has a star formation efficiency exceeding that of 30 Doradus by a factor of about 2 as measured over the past ~0.5 Myr. Moreover, at the heart of N79 lies the most luminous infrared (IR) compact source discovered with large-scale IR surveys of the LMC and Milky Way, possibly a precursor to the central SSC of 30 Doradus, R136." The listed position, 04 51 53.3 -69 23 29, is just immediately northeast of IC 2111, very close to the mag 12.5-13 "star" N79B.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2111 = HN 85 in 1901 on
Harvard objective prism plates from Arequipa, Peru as part of the Draper Survey
(
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04 59 31.8 -15 49 25; Lep
V = 12.3; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 94°
See observing notes for NGC 1730.
E.E. Barnard found IC 2113 (discovery date unknown) at Lick Observatory. The discovery must have been communicated directly to Dreyer as it doesn't appear in any of his published papers, but his position corresponds with NGC 1730. As the NGC position is good, it's surprising that Dreyer missed the equivalence.
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04 54 26.0 -69 11 03; Dor
V = 12.3; Size 0.1'
See observing notes for
Williamina Fleming found IC 2114 = Fleming 86 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station. Despite a very rough position, she likely picked up the bright knot on the east side of NGC 1748, which was discovered by John Herschel in 1836.
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04 56 59.0 -66 24 38; Dor
V = 11.9
30" (11/4/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): the identification
of IC 2115 is uncertain but it may apply to either mag 11.9
Some sources (including NED) identify mag 11
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2115 = Fleming 98 = HD 32256 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station. The identification of IC 2115 is very uncertain as the published position is very poor - see Harold Corwin and Brian Skiff's thorough analysis.
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04 57 16.2 -66 23 21; Dor
V = 12.4; Size 0.3'
30" (11/4/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): LMC-N11A (probably IC 2116) is a bright, high surface brightness knot, ~15" diameter. It is located at or just beyond the northeast edge of the showpiece Bean Nebula (NGC 1763), roughly 3' NE of the center and certainly part of the same complex. A mag 11 star (HD 268726) lies 45" W.
N11A is a compact, discrete object called an HEB (High Excitation
Blob). This class is distinguished by high excitation, small size, high density
and tightly linked to early states of massive star formation. Examples include a similar object at
the southeast edge of
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2116 = Fleming 88 on a
Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station. The published position for this number,
as well as
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04 57 14.4 -68 26 29; Dor
Size 1'
18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this is
the brightest knot of nebulosity involving the LMC cluster
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2117 = Fleming 89 on a
Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station. The emission spectrum was classified as
type Pd in the Henry Draper catalogue (
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05 04 54 -07 15; Eri
Size 180'x60'
13x80mm (1/15/07): first visual observation I've made of the Witch Head nebula. Using my 80mm finder at 13x (24mm Panoptic) unfiltered a very large, ill-defined glow (~30'-40') was visible between 1-1.5° south of Beta Eridani. This is the NE section of the Witch Head. With averted vision the glow brightened and stood out fairly well compared to the background sky brightness. This object was significantly fainter than Barnard's Loop but surprisingly was not a marginal observation or as difficult as expected. I couldn't follow the nebula further south with any certainty.
Max Wolf discovered IC 2118 on a plate taken on 16 Jan 1891 with a 4-inch Millet portrait lens (1 hr exposure). The discovery was announced in "The Great Nebula of Psi Eridani", MNRAS 65, 528 (1905). There is no reference to the "Witchhead" shape in the paper.
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05 06 50.9 -20 20 43; Lep
V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x0.7'; PA = 53°
24" (2/13/18): at 200x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE, ~35"x25", brighter core. A mag 14.6 star is 50" ESE of center. At 282x, the brighter core contains a stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus. A very faint 16th mag star is 20" SW of the mag 14.6 star.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2119 = Sw. 11-74 on 30 Nov 1897
and reported "eeeF; pS; bet 2 st; close to eeeF D*; eee diff." There is nothing at his position but 9'
N is
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IC 2121 = ESO 486-053 = PGC 17110
05 19 44.9 -25 03 52; Lep
V = 12.8; Size 1.9'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 160°
24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 30"x20", very small brighter nucleus, only a very small halo was visible, though occasionally the galaxy elongated into a 2:1 ratio. Located 4.8' NE of mag 7.0. The star was distracting so the best view was by placing it outside the field.
AM 0517-250, a close double system, lies 2.5' SSE. The brighter northern component (ESO 486-053A = PGC 17114) appeared faint, small, round, 12" diameter, very faint stellar nucleus.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2121 = Sw. 11-75 on 26 Dec 1897
and recorded "eeeF; S; R; 7m * 15s p[receding] obliterates it; eee
diff." There is nothing at
his position but 30 seconds of RA east and 1.5' N is
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05 19 01.4 -37 05 22; Col
V = 12.8; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 67°
24" (1/22/15): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
irregularly round, low even surface brightness. Viewed at 13° elevation. Forms a pair with
At the position of ESO 362-015 I found a 14th magnitude stellar object. At 375x; this "star" appeared to be a bright stellar nucleus (or possibly a superimposed star) surrounded by a very faint, very low surface brightness halo
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2122 = Sw. 11-76 on 19 Nov 1897
and recorded "pB; eS; R; 3 st in line nf." His position is 1.5' S of
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IC 2123 = IC 412 = UGC 3298 = MCG +01-14-034 = CGCG 421-041 = VV 225b = VV 630 = WBL 114-002 = PGC 17180
05 21 56.7 +03 29 11; Ori
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 30°
See observing notes for IC 412.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2123 = IC 412 on 30 Oct 1888 while sweeping with the 12-inch telescope of Lick Observatory. He noted "the nebulae are very small, roundish, mbM. Close south of a small star." His field sketch confirms the identification. Sherburne Burnham, who discovered nearby IC 414, also observed and measured the pair at Lick Observatory (Publ of Lick Observatory, II). Stephane Javelle rediscovered the pair on 12 Jan 1894 and IC 412 and IC 413 are credited to both Barnard and Javelle.
Barnard apparently later sent his original discovery to Dreyer, who assumed it was new and it assigned it as IC 2123. The IC description matches Barnard's notebook description from 1888. Dreyer apparently missed the nearly identical positions, but IC 413 = IC 2125.
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05 21 58.9 +03 28 56; Ori
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 135°
See observing notes for IC 413.
See notes for IC 412 = IC 2123.
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05 24 28.1 -27 00 58; Lep
Size 1.0'x0.75'; PA = 126°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, small, round,
18" diameter. Seems to have a
very low surface brightness outer halo with a diameter of
25"-30". A mag 14 star
is 1.4' SE, a mag 9.8 star (very unequal pair) is 4' SE and a mag 13 star is
6.7' SE - all stars collinear with the galaxy. Located 25' SE of mag 6.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2125 = Sw. 11-77 on 26 Nov 1897 and reported "eeeF; vS; R; eee diff[icult]." His position is 2' too far northwest, close enough to secure the identification.
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05 21 58 -67 57 20; Dor
V = 11.2; Size 1.2'
See observing notes for
Williamina Fleming found IC 2126 = Fleming 90 on a Harvard
objective plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station. The IC position is just 5 seconds of RA
west of NGC 1935, so the equivalence is certain. Similarly,
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IC 2127 = NGC 1936 = ESO 056-111 = LMC-N44C = LH 47
05 22 12.6 -67 58 32; Dor
V = 11.6; Size 1.1'
See observing notes for NGC 1936.
Williamina Fleming found IC 2127 = Fleming 91 on a Harvard objective plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station. The IC position is just 4 sec of RA west of NGC 1936, so the equivalence is certain. Similarly, IC 2126 = NGC 1935. The Hodge-Wright LMC Atlas labels this nebula as IC 2127 instead of NGC 1936 (same with NGC 1935 = IC 2126). James Dunlop discovered the complex, though John Herschel recorded the individual components in 1834.
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05 22 44 -68 03 07; Dor
V = 11.1; Size 3'
25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): Unfiltered, about a dozen stars
are resolved (cluster S-L 429) over irregular hazy nebulosity, including 4
brighter stars mag 12.5-13 (two of these form a 15" pair). A mag 9.2 star (
N44K, ~2.5' W, appeared (using a NPB filter) fairly bright, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, brighter on the south edge.
N44H, located 3' N, appeared (unfiltered) surrounding a mag 14 star and a second much fainter star. Adding a NPB filter, the nebulosity appeared moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter. A mag 11.5 star is 1' SE.
N44E, located 4' NE, involves a mag 13 star along two mag 15+ stars. Adding a NPB filter boosts the visibility of the nebulosity and it appeared nearly fairly faint, roundish, ~30" diameter. A mag 13 star is close off the north edge.
N44L, just off the west side of N44E, was a very faint, small glow detached from N44E (using a NPB filter).
14" (4/7/16 - Coonabarabran, 145x): Using an NPB filter, a bright compact
patch ~30" diameter was prominently visible just 1' SW of a mag 10 star
(HD 35978). Much fainter
nebulosity spreads out to 1.5'.
Three mag 13-14.5 stars are involved without the filter and a few more
are further northwest. A mag 9.2
star (
LHA 120-N 44H is a moderately bright but compact glow (~30" diameter) that is detached 2.3' N (part of the same complex). A star is involved unfiltered. The mag 10 star mentioned above is 1.1' ESE of this patch.
James Dunlop discovered IC 2128 = D 176 on 27 Oct 1826. He described it as "a small faint nebula. A small star near the following margin but not involved." His position is close off the SE side of IC 2128 and the the mag 9.7 star HD 35978 at the east end appears to secure the identification. John Herschel didn't record this object, although he observed the complex of nebulae to the north that includes NGC 1929, 1934, 1935, 1936 and 1937 on several sweeps.
Solon Bailey rediscovered IC 2128 photographically in 1896 using a 1-inch Cooke lens at the Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was announced in the 1908 "Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae", Annals of Harvard Observatory, Vol 60, p199.
SIMBAD classifies IC 2128 as an HII (ionized) region only and the position is ~2' NNE of the brightest emission region.
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05 31 50.5 -23 08 42; Lep
V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 103°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 ~E-W, ~35"x15", low surface brightness. Contains a slightly brighter elongated
core or bar. Located 32' WNW of
Lewis Swift found IC 2129 = Sw. 11-78 on 1 Dec 1897 and
wrote, "eeF; pS; R; 7m * near sf." There is nothing at his postion
but 34 seconds of RA east and 5' S is
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IC 2130 = IC 2129 = ESO 487-019 = MCG -04-14-002 = PGC 17402
05 31 50.5 -23 08 42; Lep
V = 13.3; Size 1.8'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 103°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 ~E-W, ~35"x15", low surface brightness. Contains a slightly brighter elongated
core or bar. Located 32' WNW of
NGC 1979 in a large group with brightest member
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2130 = Sw. 11-79 on 13 Oct 1896 and reported "eF; pL; R; 8m * near[north-following]." His position is 3' too far southwest and the brighter star (mag 9.9) is 5' ESE, not NE. He probably found this galaxy again in Dec 1897, but his position for Sw. 11-78 (later IC 2129) is off by 30 seconds of RA and 5' in declination.
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IC 2131 = IC 422 = MCG -03-15-001 = PGC 17409
05 32 18.6 -17 13 26; Lep
Size 0.95'x0.9'
See observing notes for IC 422.
Lewis Swift found IC 2131 = Sw. 11-80 on 16 Oct 1896 (just before departing on a several month trip to the east coast) and reported "pB, vS; R; bet 2 st p[receding] and f[ollowing]." There is nothing at his position, but when Dreyer catalogued Sw. 11-80 as IC 2131, the position was modified to the west edge of IC 422 (discovered by Javelle in 1893). Corwin notes that Swift apparently send Dreyer a better position, though the equivalence with IC 422 was not picked up. So IC 2131 = IC 426.
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05 32 28.7 -13 55 38; Lep
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.7'; PA = 177°
24" (12/28/16): at 282x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, elongated nearly 3:1 N-S, 0.7'x0.25', broad concentration with a
brighter nucleus. Located 9.5' NNW of
Herbert Howe discovered IC 2132 = Ho. I-6 on 22 Feb 1898. He noted "vF, S. Near NGC 1954 and 1957" and measured an accurate position.
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05 42 04.4 +69 22 46; Cam
V = 11.0; Size 4.6'x3.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 85°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2133 = Big. 385 on 22 Dec 1891. His position matches NGC 1961, which was discovered by William Herschel in 1788 but given an erroneous position. In the 1912 "Scientific Papers of William Herschel" Dreyer writes, "Caroline Herschel has used the place of the comparison star in Wollaston's Catalogue of 1790, which is very erroneous. Auwers assumed it to be B.A.C. 1985, hence his very erroneous polar distance. But it is = G. 1199 agreeing with two other stars, 42 and 43 Camelop. The place of the neb found from this coincides with that of I.C. 2133 = Bigourdan 385." So, NGC 1961 = IC 2133. See Corwin's notes for more.
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05 23 06.6 -75 26 49; Men
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'
18" (4/8/16 - Coonabarabran, 139x and 236x): fairly faint LMC cluster, small, round, 24" diameter, weak concentration. A mag 12 star is 2.8' SE, mag 13.5 and 14 stars are 1.7' ENE and ESE.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2134 = DS 301 from a plate taken on 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, vS."
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IC 2135 = IC 2136 = ESO 363-007 = MCG -06-13-004 = AM 0531-362 = PGC 17433
05 33 13.1 -36 23 59; Col
V = 12.5; Size 2.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 109°
17.5" (2/22/03): large, low surface brightness edge-on,
elongated nearly 4:1 WNW-ESE, 1.5'x0.4'.
Viewed at a very low elevation west of the meridian. A mag 9.7 star is 5.4' SW. Located 14' E of the scattered group
Lewis Swift found IC 2135 = Sw. 11-81 on 22 Feb 1898 and logged "eeeF; eeS; eeeE; ee diff[icult]. See note." His RA is 35 seconds too small but the identification is certain. The note reads "Nos. 56 [IC 335 = IC 1963] and 81 [IC 2135]. These in one respect are the most interesting nebulae I have ever seen, especially No. 56, which is a nebulous hair-line of one uniform size from end to end. No. 81 at first sight seemed identical with it, but on a closer view the center seemed to have a very slight bulging in the middle." Swift included both IC 335 and IC 2135 in a short article on "Remarkable Nebulae" in the 1902 Popular Astronomy after his observing career was ended.
Swift first discovered the galaxy on 9 Dec 1895, calling Sw.
11-82 (later
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IC 2136 = IC 2135 = ESO 363-007 = MCG -06-13-004 = AM 0531-362 = PGC 17433
05 33 13.1 -36 23 59; Col
V = 12.5; Size 2.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 109°
See observing notes for IC 2135.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2136 = Sw. 11-82 on 9 Dec 1895 and reported "eF; pS; eE; almost a ray; [NGC] 1963 p[receding]." There is nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin found Swift made a 10° error too far north (based on his comment on NGC 1963) and once corrected IC 2136 = IC 2135, found again by Swift on 22 Feb 1898.
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05 34 21.7 -23 32 00; Lep
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 88°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 E-W, ~45"x20", small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 8.5 star (
17.5" (12/3/88): faint, small, oval 3:2 E-W, even
surface brightness. Located 2' W
of mag 8.5
Lewis Swift found IC 2137 = Sw. 11-84 on 14 Feb 1898 and
noted "eF; vS; R; 8m * f 10s; in field with 1979." His position was
12' too far north and falls much closer to NGC 1979, but his description matches
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IC 2138 = IC 2137 = ESO 487-027 = PGC 17463
05 34 21.7 -23 32 00; Lep
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 88°
24" (1/1/19): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 E-W, ~45"x20", small slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 8.5 star (HD 37002) is 2' E. Located 14' SSE of NGC 1979. Member of the NGC 1964 group.
17.5" (12/3/88): faint, small, oval 3:2 E-W, even surface brightness. Located 2' W of mag 8.5 SAO 170570. NGC 1979 lies 14' NNW.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2138 = Big. 384 = Sw. 11-83 on 16 Dec 1887. Lewis Swift independently found it again on 1 Dec 1897 and reported it as "eeF; S; R: 7m * close p; sf of [NGC] 1980." Swift correctly placed the bright star to the east in his 6th Lowe discovery list, though in both lists the nearby galaxy should read NGC 1979. Both Bigourdan and Swift are credited with the discovery in the IC.
Swift found this galaxy again on 14 Feb 1898, gave an accurate description for Sw. 11-84 (later IC 2137), but his position was 10' too far north. So, there were three "discoveries" of this galaxy with two IC designations.
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05 33 23 -75 22 35; Men
V = 13.5; Size 2.3'
18" (4/8/16 - Coonabarabran, 139x and 236x): fairly
faint LMC cluster, large soft glow, 1.5' diameter, slightly brighter core. The cluster exhibited some mottling and
a few stars were resolved around the edges. A mag 14.3 star is just off the ENE edge, and fainter
stars were glimpsed at the south and west edges. Located 8.6' SSE of a mag 8.1 star.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2140 = DS 302 on a plate taken 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, ? eS Cl."
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05 46 52.6 -18 43 35; Lep
V = 12.6; Size 1.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 99°
24" (2/8/18): at 200x; moderately bright, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, 1.0'x0.4', bulges slightly near center, nearly even surface brightness. At 375x there appeared to be a central bar down the major axis and the halo was irregular or clumpy with a suggestion of spiral structure. A group of 4 mag 12-13 stars lies northeast.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2143 = Sw. 11-85 on 7 Oct 1897 and
reported "eeF; pS; eE; 45°; triangle sf." His position is 2.6' due north of
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05 50 13.8 +23 52 19; Tau
Size 0.8'x0.5'
24" (3/21/20): Identified at 200x as a mag 12.8 star that seemed to be a bit "soft" compared to a similar star 0.8' N. A brighter mag 11.2 star is 2' NNW. With averted vision the central "star" puffed out a couple of arc seconds like a tiny non-stellar PN of high surface brightness. The non-stellar appearance was easily confirmed at 375x. There appeared to be a very low surface brightness halo surrounding the central star, perhaps 25" in diameter. Located in a rich Taurus star field.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2144 (date unknown). This is a reflection nebula surrounding a YSO, though it is misclassified as a galaxy in NED based on its inclusion in some galaxy surveys in the ZOA.
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05 40 24 -69 40 14; Dor
V = 12.0; Size 0.7'
See observing notes for
Williamina Fleming discovered the emission spectrum of IC 2145 = HN 92 = HD 38540 in 1901 on a Harvard objective-prism plate taken at the Arequipa station in Peru. It was listed as a new emission nebula in Harvard Circular 60.
John Herschel discovered this object (NGC 2086) in Dec 1834 and logged it as "B, pS, R, little brighter middle, follows a star 10m with other small stars about it. Not observed in sweeping, but laid down in the drawing of Dec 4, 1837, whence its place is derived from the drawing fig 4, Pl III ." Herschel's position and sketch clearly shows that NGC 2086 follows the mag 10 star and corresponds with a nebulous patch 12 seconds of RA following the bright star. As Fleming didn't identify her object as NGC 2086, Dreyer catalogued it a second time as IC 2145.
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IC 2146 = ESO 033-026 = S-L 632
05 37 47 -74 47 00; Men
V = 12.4; Size 2.6'
25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, large, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, ~1.5'x1.0', irregular surface brightness, mottled. Slightly brighter middle but no distinct core. A mag 13 star is at the NNW edge. A few faint stars (mag 15+) were resolved on the south side.
S-L 620, located 23' NNW, appeared fairly faint, large,
round, diffuse or fluffy appearance, at least 1.2' diameter, slightly irregular
surface brightness but no visible core.
Located 10' SSE of mag 9.1
18" (4/8/16 - Coonabarabran, 139x and 236x): at 139x
this outlying LMC cluster appeared as a large, fairly faint to moderately
bright glow, 1.3' diameter, round, mottled. The surface brightness is relatively low and there was only
a slightly brighter core. One or
two mag 15 stars were resolved at the SE edge. A mag 13-13.5 field star is at the NNW edge. At 236x, the surface is very mottled
with a few interior stars popping in and out of view, suggesting it was on the
verge of more resolution. Located
6' SE of mag 8.0
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2146 = DS 304 from a plate taken 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "Cl, vF, bet 2 st."
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05 43 28.1 -30 29 42; Col
V = 12.7; Size 1.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 90°
18" (12/22/11): very faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness, no details. I starhopped to this galaxy from NGC 2049, located 25' N. Mag 6.2 HD 38138 lies 16' WSW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2147 = Sw. 11-86 on 30 Nov 1897
and reported "eeeF; pS; R; F * np; several B st sf; 3 st
curved." There is nothing at
his position or in the region that matches his description. But Harold Corwin found that ESO
424-013, located 4 min 20 seconds of RA west, matches the description close
enough to make this identification very likely. The bright stars south following are there, though his
comment about a "F * np" is incorrect or he confused the orientation.
No other modern sources label
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05 39 12.2 -75 33 48; Men
V = 14.2; Size 1.1'
18" (4/8/16 - Coonabarabran, 139x and 236x): IC 2148 is
a very faint outlying LMC cluster situated 25' SE of IC 2140 and 9.5' SE of mag
8.2
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2148 = DS 305 on a plate taken on 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, bM." NED classifies this cluster as a globular.
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05 56 23.9 +46 06 17; Aur
V = 10.6; Size 15"x10"
18" (2/14/10): easily picked up at 175x as a fuzzy bluish "star, typical of high surface brightness compact planetaries. At 450x, the bright mag 11.6 central star is encased in a high surface brightness, elongated halo, extending ~14"x8" E-W. The following end is a bit tapered and the halo on this side appeared brighter with the impression of a very tiny embedded knot. At 568x (8mm Ethos + 2x Powermate), a virtually stellar knot was definitely visible just a few arc seconds following the central star within the halo. Images confirm this ionized knot or FLIER.
17.5" (9/14/85): at 250x the bright central star is easily visible within a bright, small, high surface brightness oval elongated 3:2 ~E-W. Located 38' NW of mag 4.2 π Aur.
17.5" (1/31/87): similar view as last observation but I noticed a slight bluish color.
8" (12/79): appears as a fuzzy blue "star at 100x. Very small and slightly elongated SW-NE at 222x.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2149 = HN 105 in 1906 on a Harvard objective prism plate (Harvard Circular 111).
Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported IC 2149 as,"nucleus slightly elongated and about mag 12, but actual central star may be fainter. Central portion an oval of very bright matter with two fainter ansae showing indistinct traces of ring structure; this 12"x6" in pa 75°. Still fainter matters forms an irregular oblong outside of this, 15"x10", and on the eastern end a very faint cone-shaped ansa extends 5" farther."
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IC 2151 = ESO 555-008 = MCG -03-15-024 = PGC 18040
05 52 36.4 -17 47 14; Lep
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 99°
17.5" (3/8/97): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with brighter IC 438 7.7' SE. Located just west of a line drawn through a 1' pair of mag 10-11 stars 5'-6' SSE.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 2151 = Ho. III-17 on 22 Jan 1900 while observing IC 438 and logged "eF, pS; near [IC] 438." His micrometric position is accurate.
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05 57 53.4 -23 10 51; Lep
V = 12.6; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 54°
24" (1/1/16): at 225x; moderately bright and large,
round, 0.7' diameter, well concentrated with a small bright core. A group of 4 brighter star lies 6'-7'
E, including mag 9.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2152 = Sw. 11-89 on 1 Dec 1897 and
recorded "pB; pS; R; in vacancy; several B * f." There is nothing at his position but 43
seconds of RA due east is
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06 00 04.8 -33 55 09; Col
V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 69°
18" (2/5/11): very faint, very small, elongated 4:3
SW-NE, 20"x14". A wide
pair of mag 13/14 stars lie 1.5' SSE.
Located 15' W of mag 5.5
IC 2153 is located near the solar antapex point in the sky (directly opposite the apparent direction the solar system is moving towards in the sky).
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2153 = DS 306 on a plate taken on 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, susp."
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06 01 07.9 -23 40 25; Lep
V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 2154 = Sw. 11-90 on 1 Dec 1897 and recorded, "pB; L; R; bet * nf and a wide D * np". His position is 3.4' WSW of NGC 2139 and the description applies, although the "* nf" is probably a mag 10 star southeast. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position that was used in the IC. This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel in 1784 but there was a problem with the observation and he noted "The RA cannot be above 10 or 15 sec out; the roller went off the apparatus which occasions the uncertainty." In the 1912 revision of WH's catalogues, Dreyer comments that once a correction is made to WH's position (based on another star in the sweep), NGC 2139 matches IC 2154.
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06 04 51 +24 09 36; Gem
17.5" (3/8/97): unimpressive scattered group of ~12-15
stars in a 6' diameter. Eight of
these stars are arranged in a 6' arc open to the west and NW including a nice
double and a small group of stars lies inside the SW side of this arc. This
grouping does not stand out as a cluster and is located just 7' N of IC
2157. Visually it appears to be a
random grouping though it may be a detached part of
Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 2156, along with IC 2157, visually on 11 Jan 1899 with his 17.3-inch Calver reflector.
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IC 2157 = Cr 80 = Tr 4 = OCL-465
06 04 50 +24 03 24; Gem
V = 8.4; Size 7'
17.5" (3/8/97): at 220x, ~30 stars are visible in a 6'
group, including a half-dozen brighter mag 10.5-12 stars. The densest portion is ~4' diameter
tapering to the NW and appears fairly rich with averted (over resolved
haze). The east end of group is
formed by a 5' arc of mag 10-12 stars concave to the NW. Forms a pair with the
IC 2156 group 6' N (possibly part of IC 2157). Located ~35' W of
Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 2157, along with IC 2156, visually on 11 Jan 1899 with his 17.3-inch reflector at his private observatory in Durham, England.
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06 05 17.9 -27 51 24; Col
V = 12.0; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 90°
17.5" (12/22/97): fairly faint, fairly small, 1.0'x0.7', elongated NW-SE, very weak concentration. Unusual appearance with a mag 11.5-12 star attached at the SE end (30" from center). The galaxy "hangs" from the star spreading out towards the NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2158 = Sw. 11-91 on 1 Dec 1897 and
noted "vF; pS; lE; * in contact nf; north end like a brush." Swift added a note on its singular
appearance with "one side expanding like a brush." His RA was 16 seconds too small
although his description applies to
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06 09 54 +20 24; Ori
17.5" (1/16/02): southern part of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2159 = Big. 386 on 11 Feb
1890. His position is southeast of
the central region of
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05 57 25.5 -75 08 24; Men
V = 14.2; Size 1.5'
25" (4/6/19 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, moderately large, roundish, diffuse with a low surface brightness, halo fades into the background, ~45" diameter. A few very faint stars were resolved around the edges as well as a mag 14 star off the SW side. Located 6' WNW of a mag 8.5 star.
A brighter group of stars including a mag 10.3 star and two
mag 10.6 stars are within 5' to the north, making it very easy to pinpoint the
location of IC 2161.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2161 = DS 309 on a plate taken on 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, bM, susp."
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06 13 04 +17 58 42; Ori
Size 3'
24" (2/5/13): IC 2162 = Sh 2-255 is the brightest and easternmost of four round low-excitation emission glows with Sh 2-257 and Sh 2-254 lined up roughly to the west. Using 125x (21mm Ethos) and H-beta filter, it appeared as a moderately bright, round glow, ~3.5' diameter, surrounding the mag 11.6 exciting star. Sh 2-257 lies 5' W, and is a similar size, but surrounds several stars and has a lower surface brightness. Sh 2-256 is a very faint detached glow off the SW side.
17.5" (3/2/02): at 100x unfiltered, IC 2162 was visible as the following of two faint, round glows surrounding mag 10.5-11 stars. IC 2162 = Sh 2-255 is the brighter and larger of the pair, nearly 4' in diameter and quite symmetric. Just under 5' due west is a separate 3' fainter glow (Sh 2-257). This pair of low excitation emission knots is situated midway between two mag 6 stars with a 50' separation near the edge of the 20mm Nagler field. Close southwest of Sh 2-257 is a very faint patch of nebulosity, Sh 2-256, but this was not seen visually, nor was the larger HII region Sh 2-254, a low surface brightness glow to the west (11' diameter).
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2162 visually on 30 Nov 1888 with
the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He first logged in his notebook "Found a v. difficult
neb close f and involving a 10m star." He added the comments "vF neb, pL, roundish, densest
part following the 10m star." His field sketch and approximate offset from
mag 5.9
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06 16 28.0 -21 22 33; CMa
V = 11.9; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 98°
48" (2/20/12 and 2/28/19): IC 2163 was stunning at
488x, attached at the east side of
Just NE off the tip of the eastern arm is 2MASX
J06163579-2122032, which appeared as a faint, very small knot. Although this galaxy does not have a
measured redshift, an HST study of NGC 2207/
18" (2/5/11): forms the eastern component of an impressive interacting pair with NGC 2207. At 225x, IC 2163 is an elongated glow embedded on the east side of the halo of the brighter galaxy. IC 2163 appears fairly faint, moderately large, oval E-W, 1.0'x0.7', weakly concentrated.
13.1" (1/28/84): this is a colliding system with NGC 2207. A double nucleus is visible and an extension just seen to the east is probably IC 2163.
Joseph Turner discovered IC 2163 on 18 Dec 1878 with the 48" Melbourne Telescope during an observation of NGC 2207. He wrote, "It appears to consist of two nebulae" and his sketch clearly shows IC 2163 elongated E-W as a separate object to the east. He noted "the preceding one [NGC 2207] seems to have three distinct nuclei or perhaps three small stars as represented above [in sketch]." The discovery is on page 196 of his logbook, but was not included in the unpublished list of 6 new nebulae written in at the end of his logbook, as it was probably considered part of NGC 2207.
Pietro Baracchi also sketched the pair on 4 Jan 1886 with the Melbourne scope. He shows IC 2163 as very extended E-W, indicating the spiral arms was seen extending east.
Herbert Howe rediscovered IC 2163 = Ho I-7 on 11 Feb 1898 with the 20-inch Clark refractor at Chamberlin Observatory in Colorado. He noted "eF, pS, follows NGC 2207 [by] 7 seconds." Howe is credited with the discovery in the IC. The IC2 Notes mentions "binuclear, surrounded by faint trace of ring". This comment is based on a plate taken by DeLisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa station (date unknown).
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06 06 52.3 -75 21 53; Men
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 122°
14" (4/3/16 - Coonabarabran, 178x): faint, small, round, 30" diameter, fairly low surface brightness, no concentration. A mag 14 star is 1' SE. NGC 2203, an LMC cluster, lies just 9' SW. At a redshift of z = .037, IC 2164 resides at a distance of ~500 million l.y., which is 3000 times more distant than the LMC.
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 2164 = DS 310 on a plate taken 18 Dec 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted, "eF, eeS, R, stell N."
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06 21 42.7 -12 59 14; CMa
V = 10.6; Size 9"x8"
17.5" (12/28/00): at 220x appears as a bright, compact, high surface brightness disc with a bluish color. Crisp-edged at 380x and slightly elongated but no central star seen (mag 17.9).
13.1" (1/11/86): at 88x appears bright, very small, just non-stellar, slightly bluish color. Takes 360x and appears slightly elongated E-W. No central star visible, fuzzy edges to the bright oval disc. Located 38' W of ∑903 = 6.1/10.8 at 23".
8" (12/6/80): stellar at low power. Definite disc seen at 220x, bluish, slightly elongated.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2165 = Fleming 79 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1898 with the Bache 8-inch telescope (Harvard Circular 32).
Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported IC 2165 as "a minute oval disk 9"x7" in pa 81°. The disc of of nearly equal brightness throughout, but with just a trace of ring structure, and shows slightly brighter along the major axis."
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06 26 55.8 +59 04 48; Lyn
V = 12.4; Size 3.0'x2.1'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 115°
17.5" (3/8/97): fairly faint, diffuse glow with little concentration, although appears asymmetric. Moderately large, 2.0'x1.2', elongated NW-SE. Possibly up to 2.5' major axis with averted vision. A mag 13.5 star is at the west edge. An easy mag 10/12 pair [at 24" separation] lies 3' E. A 50" string of three mag 13 stars 4' NW is collinear with the galaxy.
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 2166 on 6 Oct 1888 with
the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "After visitors left found a new nebula. 1' following faint star, 3' preceding a
double (1.5" or 2"). A
small star following the double."
He made a rough sketch in his notebook. His RA was 5 minutes too large, but the description and
sketch clearly apply to
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06 31 07 +10 27 18; Mon
Size 5'x4'
17.5" (1/23/93): fairly faint reflection nebula surrounds a mag 10-11 star. This bi-polar nebula is fairly large, about 2.5' diameter. Appears to extend further (or is brighter) on the south side. Bordered by three collinear mag 13 stars on the south side.
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 2167 = IC 446, along with IC 2169, on 11 Oct 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "a 9 1/2 mag star with largish faint nebula, a little heavier following."
He later found it again photographically on 24 Jan 1894 with the Willard 6" lens and announced it in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Cluster Connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol XIII, No 3). Based on this discovery note, Dreyer catalogued it as IC 446. Barnard states, though, he first found it visually around 1888 "while sweep over this region..I also found a 10 mag nebulous star about half a degree north preceding 2245." His position in this paper is accurate. Apparently Barnard also sent Dreyer his original visual discovery, so IC 2167 is based on his earlier visual discovery. This object is a bi-polar reflection nebula. Listed in article on bi-polar nebulae by Ronald Stoyan in Deep Sky Observer #12.
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IC 2169 = IC 447 = LBN 903 = Ced 78 = vdB 76 = vdB 77 = vdB 78
06 31 12 +09 54; Mon
Size 25'x20'
24" (1/31/14): picked up unfiltered at 200x, though low contrast as the entire field is patchy in faint stars and affected by some dust. Seems roughly 20'x10, elongated N-S and includes several bright stars (Cr 95) with mag 7.9 HD 46005 near the center (illuminating star), mag 8.9 HD 258853 near the south end, and a mag 9.3 star at or beyond the NW end. The contrast is significantly improved at 125x using a NPB filter and the outline is better defined, particularly at the southern end. Although the nebulosity is slightly brighter to the south of HD 46005, there are no high surface brightness sections.
18" (2/4/08): at 175x unfiltered, this is a huge, interesting reflection nebula, ~25'x18', elongated N-S with an irregular outline and subtle variations in brightness. A number of mag 8-10 stars are superimposed, including mag 8 HD 46005 (illuminating star) which is part of a 10' N-S string of four brighter stars on the east side. Nearby reflection nebulae include NGC 2245 ~30' NE, IC 446 35' N and NGC 2247 40' NE (this group forms the association Monoceros R1).
IC 2169 is located two degrees due west of the Christmas Tree cluster and the whole region of bright and dark nebulosity is part of the same molecular cloud complex Mon OB1.
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 447 = IC 2169, along with IC 446 = IC 2167, on 11 Oct 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "1 radius of 80x field [21'] south and 1 radius [21'] preceding the 7 1/2' m star [NGC 2245] is a large nebulosity, faint, that involves several 9 or 9 1/2 mag star. Nearly 1/2° in size, irregular(?)". His offset lands in the southern part of the nebula, though clearly he was referring to the entire portion. He picked it up again on 26 Feb 1889 and logged "22' S and 22' p. the neb NGC 2245 is a vL neby, with some bright stars in it. It is extended N & S nearly, 15 x 12' +/- diam. There are 3 or 4 9th and 10th mag stars in a curve seemingly connected with it."
Barnard found this reflection nebula again photographically on 24 Jan 1894 with the Willard 6" lens and announced it in "Photographic Nebulosities and Star Cluster Connected with the Milky Way" (Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol XIII, No 3). Barnard stated he first found it visually around 1888 "while sweeping over this region, I found a very large, weak, diffused nebulosity some half a degree south of the nebula NGC 2245. This was mixed up with several considerable stars." His earlier visual discovery was not published but apparently he sent it later to Dreyer, so it was catalogued again as IC 2169.
Barnard retracted his discovery of IC 447 in Lick Publications, Vol 11, incorrectly claiming it to be identical to NGC 2245. Hubble included this object in his 1922 paper "A general study of diffuse galactic nebula" in Contributions from the Mount Wilson Observatory / Carnegie Institution of Washington, vol. 241, pp.1-38.
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06 46 51 +01 18 54; Mon
Size 3'x3'
See observing notes for
E.E. Barnard found IC 2172 on 30 Oct 1888 using the 12-inch
refractor at Lick Observatory. He
noted a "9 1/2 mag star with faint nebulosity about it. 1' in diameter, a little heavier
nf. Examined several other stars
near, and no nebulosity seen."
His position corresponds with NGC 2282, discovered by Barnard himself on
3 Mar 1886 with the 6-inch refractor at Vanderbilt University (announced in AN
2756 and Sidereal Messenger, vol. 5, p154). He reported finding "a
star of 9.5 or 10 magnitiude, with a faint nebulosity surrounding it. I
strongly suspect that is not a stellar point but an extremely small nebula with
faint nebulosity surrounding. At best with the 6-inch it did not appear
like any of the neighboring stars. A short distance (4' or 5') preceding
this and very slightly north is a faint double star that I suspect is enveloped
in nebulosity." His position matches the central star
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07 09 06.0 +75 21 11; Cam
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2
17.5" (8/27/87): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated, weak concentration. Located 5.7' WNW of
17.5" (2/22/87): faint, small, round, diffuse glow, even surface brightness, visible with direct vision. Picked up 6' W of NGC 2314.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2174 = Big. 264 on 24 Dec 1891 with the 12" refractor at the Paris Observatory. His position is accurate.
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07 05 06 -10 42; Mon
Size 120'x40'
13x80mm (1/17/09): excellent view using of the Seagull
Nebula using the 80mm finder with a 24mm Panoptic and a NPB filter. This long sinuous river of nebulosity
winds for approximately two degrees ~N-S beginning just south of open cluster
13.1" (1/19/85): at 62x and UHC filter appears as a
very large, very elongated strip of nebulosity. At the north end is the open cluster NGC 2335 within
Monoceros. The southern portion is
difficult to trace; it crosses into Canis Major and ends at an easily visible
reflection nebula = Ced 90 surrounding a mag 8 star. Also includes nebula
17.5" (2/2/02): On the NW side is a circular nebulosity (the head of the Seagull) catalogued as Gum 1 = vdB 93 = Sh 2-292. At 100x it appeared as a very large, circular glow perhaps 15' in diameter of low surface brightness surrounding mag 7.1 V750 Mon with vague hints of structure. The OIII filter gave only a very weak enhancement, but the H-beta filter noticeably improved the contrast at low power. This combination HII/reflection nebula is situated off the NW end of the huge winding IC 2177 strip that extends mostly to the south, and is a wonderfully rich region of the Milky Way with a number of clusters and star groups in the vicinity.
Off the south side is the smaller nebula
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 2177 photographically in 1898
surrounding mag 7.3 BD-10 1848.
His position (for the mag 7 star) and dimensions of 13' corresponds with
the position of
It was also found on a photograph taken on 1 Apr 1911 by Harry Wood at the Transvaal (Union) Observatory with the 10-inch Franklin-Adams camera. Woods described it as a "large faint straggling region, about 2 1/2° long." He added "BD -10° 1848 is involved in a bright patch of nebulosity, in which there are two large holes on the S side of the star." This description refers to Gum 1 (photographed by Roberts). He also noted "BD -12° 1771 is a nebulous star with an extension of the nebulosity on the Nf side; it looks like a comet." This description refers to Sh 2-297 at the southern end of the region.
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07 15 32.4 +64 55 34; Cam
V = 12.4; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.6
13.1" (1/11/86): fairly faint, small, almost round,
brighter center. Located 1.4' E of
a mag 10 star. Forms a pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2179 = Big. 267 on 24 Feb
1894. According to Corwin,
Bigourdan misidentified his offset star so his position in Comptes Rendus is
incorrect. But either Dreyer or
Bigourdan caught the error as the IC position is just 1' N of
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07 29 25.4 +72 07 44; Cam
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7
48" (4/28/22): this interacting pair of edge-ons forms a distinctive "V" outline. At 375x, the overall surface brightness was fairly high, but the eastern "prong" (edge-on) of the "V" was the longer and brighter of the two galaxies. It extended SSW-NNE in a 4:1 or 5:1 ratio and contained an obvious bright knot at the northern end. On the HST image, this is a starburst region.
The shorter and slightly fainter western "prong" (second edge-on galaxy) was vaguely merged to the eastern side at its south end. Bumping up to 610x, I occasionally noticed an extremely faint stellar object close to its northern end. On the HST image, this is a second smaller starburst region just on the inside of the western tip. The central "wedge" between the pair was distinctly darker, but seemed faintly luminous.
24" (2/5/13): at 375x, fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~25"x20", irregular surface brightness but no resolution into components. Perhaps higher power is needed to see the two main components.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2184 = Big. 390 on 24 Jan 1900. The IC position is nearly 11' too far southeast. Corwin re-reduced his original offsets, though, and they match this multiple system. CGCG (330-039) doesn't associate the IC identification.
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07 22 43.3 +21 29 00; Gem
Size 0.4'x0.3'
24" (2/5/13): faint, very small, elongated N-S,
20"x10". A mag 12.5 star
is attached at the north end, which interferes with viewing. Forms a close pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2187 = J. 3-997, along with
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IC 2188 = IC 2186 = MCG +04-18-011 = CGCG 117-026 = PGC 20858
07 22 43.2 +21 30 47; Gem
Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 111°
24" (2/5/13): brightest in a trio with IC 2187 1.8'
S. At 375x appeared fairly faint,
small, slightly elongated 22"x15" ~E-W, faint stellar nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2188 = J. 3-998 on 28 Feb 1900. IC 2186, found by Javelle on 11 Feb 1896, may be the first observation of this galaxy. See Corwin's notes for the story.
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07 30 17.5 +24 19 40; Gem
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.55'; PA = 20°
24" (2/14/15): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated
SSW-NNE, 20"x15", contains a very small brighter nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2191 = J. 3-1000 on 7 Feb 1896. His position is accurate.
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07 33 23.7 +31 29 01; Gem
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 87°
17.5" (1/23/93): faint, small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE,
small bright core. A mag 13.5 star
is at the north edge 32" NNE of center.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2193 on 12 May 1888 with the 12-inch at Lick Observatory. This was three nights after he found IC 2194, 2196 and 2199 - his first discoveries at Lick. He noted (from his logbook), "Found a new nebula in field with those of May 9th, and north of them. Small, hazy, faint, less than 1' s.p. 10m star." Although the star is closer to 13th magnitude and his position is poor, the identification is certain.
Harold Corwin notes that Javelle's
******************************
IC 2194 = MCG +05-18-020 = CGCG 147-039 = PGC 21285
07 33 40.2 +31 20 04; Gem
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 50°
17.5" (1/23/93): faint, very small, round, very small bright core. Faintest in the IC 2199 group with IC 2196 7' NE and IC 2193 10' NNW.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2194 = J. 3-1002 , along with IC 2196, 2197 and 2199, on 9 May 1888. These were his first discoveries with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and labeled "b" on the sketch of the field. He spent a great deal of effort in trying to calculate the positions with respect to Castor. Stephane Javelle independently discovered the galaxy on 24 Jan 1898 and noted J. 1002 as "faint, round, 20"-25", gradually condensed, granular."
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IC 2196 = UGC 3910 = MCG +05-18-021 = LGG 146-003 = PGC 21300
07 34 09.8 +31 24 21; Gem
V = 12.5; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 150°
17.5" (1/23/93): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
even concentration to a brighter core.
On line with three mag 13.5 stars 1.1' SW, 2.1' SSW and 2.5' SSW. Second brightest in the
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2196 = J. 3-1003, along with IC 2194, 2197 and 2199, on 9 May 1888. These were his first discoveries with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and labeled "c" on his field sketch. He also found "d", which he described as "vvF, foll 'c' [IC 2196] about 3' of arc." At this offset is 2 stars and an extremely faint galaxy attached. Stephane Javelle independently discovered IC 2196 on 24 Jan 1898 and noted "faint, nearly round, 25"-30", gradually condensed, granular."
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IC 2199 = UGC 3915 = MCG +05-18-022 = LGG 146-004 = PGC 21328
07 34 55.7 +31 16 34; Gem
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 25°
17.5" (1/23/93): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
2:1 SW-NE, brighter along major axis.
A small elongated group of eight mag 13 stars is close west. Preceded by mag 8
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2199, along with IC 2194, 2196 and 2197, on 9 May 1888. These were his first discoveries with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His position is 3.5' too far south (similar offset as IC 2194) and labeled "a" on the sketch.
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07 28 17.5 -62 21 10; Car
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 58°
24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x
appeared moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, even surface
brightness. A mag 12.6 star is off
the northeast end. Forms a close
pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2200 = DS 313 on a plate taken in 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, eS, extremely elongated at 65°, bet 2 st, susp." The western of the "2 st[ars]" in the description is likely not a star, but IC 2200A.
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07 27 54.7 -67 34 27; Vol
V = 12.9; Size 2.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 165°
25" (3/31/19 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.3', brighter bulging core increases to a faint stellar nucleus. A mag 14 star is at the N tip and a mag 14.6 star is close off the southwest side, 0.8' from center. Two brighter stars are nearby; a mag 10.3 star is 2.4' SE of center and also a mag 11.2 star is 3' SSE (in the direction of elongation).
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2202 = DS 314 on a plate taken in 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, eS, R."
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07 46 54.6 +26 52 20; Gem
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 51°
24" (2/16/15): at 300x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 16"x12", brightens weakly to the center. Contains a well defined halo of moderate surface brightness. Located 6.6' SW of NGC 2449 in the WBL 152 group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2205 = J. 3-1009 on 16 Jan 1896. His position is accurate.
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07 49 50.9 +33 57 44; Gem
V = 14.2; Size 2.0'x0.25'; PA = 124°
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; very faint, extremely thin
ghostly streak, over 10:1 NW-SE, ~1.1'x0.1', low fairly even surface
brightness. Increases in length
with averted, so appears to dim towards the outer extension. A mag 15.5 star is 30" NE of
center. Located 10' NE of mag 9.3
Stephane Javelle discovered
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07 56 14.4 +60 18 14; Cam
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 145°
13.1" (1/11/86): very faint, diffuse, small, weak
concentration, requires averted vision.
Forms the fainter member of a pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2209 = Big. 268 on 24 Feb 1894. The IC position is accurate.
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07 56 50.9 -59 07 32; Car
Size 6.0:'x4.0:'
13.1" (1/30/06 - Costa Rica): at 105x the "Toby
Jug Nebula" is visible surrounding a bright red variable star, V341
Carinae and was easy to chase down just 1.6° north of the naked-eye open
cluster
13.1" (2/17/04 - Costa Rica): The "Toby Jug Nebula" is an unusual bipolar red reflection nebula 1.5 degrees north of NGC 2516. Unfiltered at 105x, a fairly large irregular glow is visible surrounding the bright red M-class variable V341 Car = HD 65750 (mag 6.2-7.1). The nebula is bowed towards the west with the curved section on the following side of V341. It extends furthest to the NW and the SW and is indented and weaker due west of the star. The total size of the "Toby Jug" is 2'-3'.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2220 = DS 315 on a plate taken
in 1908 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.
He noted "!! Nebula involving [
IC 2220 was named the Toby Jug Nebula by Paul Murdin, David Allen and David Malin in their book "Catalogue of the Universe" published in 1979. David Malin included the Toby Jug Nebula in his 1999 book "The Invisible Universe" and wrote, "A few degrees from the bright star Avoir and a little south of Miaplacidus is a curious nebula with the uninspiring catalog name IC 2220. It has a popular name taken from its superficial resemblance to the profile of a toby jug, a traditional English beer mug with a large handle, with one side molded as a stout character with a rustic, painted face. My colleagues and I suggested the name Toby Jug in our book "Catalogue of the Universe" in 1978, and it seems to have stuck, even in the United States, where toby jugs are rarely seen."
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08 05 07.9 +37 27 02; Lyn
V = 15.4; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 22°
24" (3/21/20): at 375x; extremely faint and small,
round, 12" diameter. Without
knowing the exact position I would have missed seeing this distant galaxy
(light travel time of 1.2 billion years).
Using averted vision it was repeatedly glimpsed and occasionally held
for a few seconds at a time.
Located 2' SW of brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2221 = J. 3-1019 on 28 Feb 1900. HyperLEDA fails to identify this galaxy as IC 2221, although his position is good. At a redshift of z = .089, this galaxy has a light travel time of 1.18 billion years (one of the most distant in the NGC/IC). SIMBAD misidenties CGCG 178-027 = PGC 22713 as IC 2221.
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IC 2222 = CGCG 178-024 = PGC 22700
08 05 14.8 +37 28 21; Lyn
V = 14.9; Size 0.75'x0.4'; PA = 121°
24" (3/21/20): at 375x; faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 24"x18", low surface brightness, weak concentration. Forms a pair with IC 2221 2' SW. The companion lies in the background at 1.2 billion l.y. The two galaxies form a small equilateral triangle with a mag 14 star 1.9' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2222 = J. 3-1029 on 10 Feb 1896. Four years later on a second observation he discovered nearby IC 2222, which is noticeably fainter.
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IC 2229 = IC 496 = MCG +04-19-028 = CGCG 188-066 = CGCG 119-001 = LEDA 93095 = PGC 22903
08 09 44.2 +25 52 54; Cnc
V = 14.6; Size 0.55'x0.3'; PA = 30°
See observing notes for IC 496.
Stephane Javelle found IC 2229 = J. 3-1025 on 11 Feb 1896 and reported "faint, nearly round, 30", mottled, stellar nucleus 13.5-14." His position matches IC 496 = J. 1-153, which Javelle first discovered on 2 Mar 1892. Both positions are very accurate, so its surprising neither he nor Dreyer noticed IC 496 = IC 2229. See IC 496 for more.
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08 11 01.6 +05 05 14; CMi
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x1.3'
24" (3/28/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, 45"x40". Contains a very small, brighter nucleus, possibly stellar. Unusual appearance with a mag 13.4 star superimposed on the west edge with galaxy extending mostly east of the star.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2231 = Sw. 11-92 = J. 3-1027 on 23
Mar 1895 and recorded "eeeF; vS; lE; v close f[ollowing] 12m *; fine D *
nf nearly point to it." His
position is 2' too far west, but there is no question about the
identification. This was the
earliest date that Swift made discoveries (along with
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08 12 57.9 +36 15 13; Lyn
V = 11.9; Size 2.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 45°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 2232 = J. 3-1028 on 12 Feb 1896. His position matches UGC 4273 = PGC 23028. This galaxy was discovered earlier by William Herschel but his position for NGC 2543 was 10 seconds of RA too small and his declination 5' too far south. A second observation was even further off in declination. John Herschel's position was off by two minutes in RA. Dreyer published Spitaler's corrected position for NGC 2543 in the IC 1 notes section, but didn't catch the equivalence with Javelle's position.
William Herschel discovered NGC 2543 = H. II-719 = h493 on 3
Feb 1788 (sweep 803) and recorded "F, pL, irregularly round,
bM." His position is 10 sec
of RA west and 5' south of
John Herschel noted "vF; R; a course double * precedes points to it. Deta RA = 1 m 2 sec." There is nothing at his position but two minutes of RA west is UGC 4273 and two stars at 1.6' separation are northwest. The RA given in the GC and NGC is ~1.0 tmin too far east but Rudolph Spitaler's micrometric position (measured on 24 Dec 1891 with the 27" refractor at Wien University Observatory) is accurate. Stephane Javelle independently found the galaxy on 12 Feb 1896, assumed it was new and reported it in list 3-1028 (later IC 2232) with an accurate position. So, NGC 2543 = IC 2232. See Harold Corwin's identification notes.
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08 13 59.0 +45 44 38; Lyn
V = 12.6; Size 4.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 172°
48" (4/15/10): this remarkably thin, beautiful superthin edge-on extends 4.0'x0.25' (~15:1 axial ratio) NNW-SSE. Contains a brighter elongated central region with a slightly brighter nucleus (though no bulge). The overall surface brightness is fairly low and the galaxy gradually dims near the ends of the extensions. The center is situated only 0.9' SW of a mag 10 double (a mag 13.5 companion lies 13" away) and the orientation aligns with the center of the galaxy. Roughly midway along the northern extension is a mag 14 star. Beyond this star the galaxy gradually fades to the tip, extending to within 0.6' of a faint star off the NNW tip.
Towards the south end the galaxy also fades, but after nearly dimming out there is a feeble glow at the very tip (HII knots on deep images) that is slightly angled or bent towards the east. Located 17' SE of the Bear-Paw galaxy.
17.5" (2/24/90): very faint, moderately large,
extremely thin edge-on NNW-SSE with a low even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is embedded at the north
tip and a mag 11/14 double star at 13" separation is off the east side
1.0' from center. Located 17' SSE
of
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 2233 photographically on 25 Mar 1894 using the 20" reflector at his "Starfield" observatory in Sussex, England. Based on plates taken with the 60-inch at Mt. Wilson, Pease described (1920) the nebula as a "faint edge-on spiral, 240"x10", p.a. 170°, with a faint stellar nucleus."
William Herschel missed IC 2233 on two sweeps in which he logged nearby NGC 2537.
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08 15 59.1 +23 11 59; Cnc
V = 13.2; Size 1.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 149°
24" (3/6/21): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large,
very elongated ~5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.1'x0.2'.
Broad, weak concentration with a slightly brighter core. A mag 13.8 star is just W of the NW
edge. Forms a pair with
Max Wolf discovered IC 2247 = W. 1-13, along with IC 2248,
on a Heidelberg plate taken on 9 Jan 1901. Harold Corwin notes that Dreyer made a transcription error
of 1 degree in the IC north polar distance but Wolf's original list was
correct. The error was copied into
the NGC 2000.0 and neither PGC nor HyperLEDA recognized
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IC 2248 = MCG +04-20-009 = CGCG 119-021 = ARK 156 = LGG 157-004 = PGC 23176
08 16 04.8 +23 08 02; Cnc
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 52°
24" (3/6/21): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", very small central condensation. Located 4' SSE of flat galaxy IC 2247 = UGC 4299.
Max Wolf discovered IC 2248 = W. 1-14, along with IC 2247, on a Heidelberg plate taken on 9 Jan 1901.
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08 16 45.5 +24 46 49; Cnc
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.45'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 119°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint,
elongated 5:2 NW-SE, very faint stellar nucleus. A dim mag 15.8 star is 20" W and a mag 15.0 star is
less than 1' N. Located 12' WSW of
mag 7.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2254 = J. 3-1031 on 11 Feb 1896. He recorded "faint, round, about 20", stellar, core of mag 13.5 to 14, close to a star of mag 13.5." His position is accurate.
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IC 2267 = UGC 4315 = MCG +04-20-016 = CGCG 119-036 = KUG 0815+248 = PGC 23266
08 18 01.4 +24 44 16; Cnc
V = 14.7; Size 2.0'x0.25'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 153°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; very faint, fairly large, thin
edge-on ~8:1 NNW-SSE, low nearly even surface brightness.
Max Wolf discovered IC 2267 = W. 1-32 on a Heidelberg plate taken on 9 Jan 1901. He described it as "pB, very large, very elongated 135°."
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IC 2268 = CGCG 119-037 = KUG 0815+249 = PGC 23273
08 18 06.6 +24 47 47; Cnc
V = 15.2; Size 0.35'x0.35'
24" (3/31/22): at 226x and 327x; very faint, very
small, round, 15" diameter.
Located 7.4' ESE of mag 7.5 HD 69364 within a group of stars arranged in
two parallel strings oriented SW to NE.
IC 2267, a very faint edge-on, is 4' SSW and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2268 = J. 3-1032 = W. I. 26 on 11 Feb 1896. He noted "faint, very small, 20" to 25", gradually brighter middle." Dreyer transposed the catalogue number as J. 1302 in the IC 2. Max Wolf found it again on a plate taken on 13 Feb 1901 and included it in his first catalogue.
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IC 2271 = CGCG 119-039 = KUG 0815+246 = PGC 23283
08 18 19.7 +24 31 37; Cnc
V = 15.4; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 150°
24" (3/23/22): at 260x; very faint, very small, round, 12"-15". IC 501 lies 6.4' E. A mag 15 star is less than 1' NE.
Max Wolf discovered IC 2271 = W. 1-36 on a Heidelberg plate taken on 9 Jan 1901. He described it as "pretty bright, small, bright middle, diffuse."
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08 19 15.5 +24 47 34; Cnc
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.75'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 45°
24" (3/23/22): at 226x; faint, small, round, diffuse,
at most 0.4' diameter, low even surface brightness. Situated just 1' NW of mag 9.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2282 = J. 3-1033 = W. I. 48 on 11 Feb 1896. His full description reads "faint, nearly round, 40" to 50", appears as a whitish patch without condensation." His position is 0.8' too far SW, due to an error in the position of his offset star (SAO 80093), but his offsets point directly to the galaxy. Dreyer mistakenly associated Javelle's number to IC 2283, and mentioned his offsets in the IC description. IC 2283 (discovered by Max Wolf) applies to a star sandwiched between IC 2282 and SAO 80093.
PGC, HyperLEDA, SIMBAD and Steinicke mistakenly identify this galaxy as IC 2282 = IC 2283. Only the first number applies.
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08 19 32.1 +21 23 39; Cnc
V = 14.0; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 123°
18" (2/26/11): faint, small, round, 20" diameter,
low even surface brightness. This
member of the Cancer I cluster is located 5.6' SE of brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2293 = J. 3-1034 on 2 Mar 1896.
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08 18 46.0 -25 22 11; Pup
V = 11.5; Size 2.1'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5" (3/25/95): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
1.2' diameter. Even concentration
to a small bright core and stellar nucleus. Located in a rich star field 2.3' SE of a mag 10.5
star. Just south is a 10'
distinctive semicircle of stars leading to
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2311 = Ho I-8 visually on 27 Jan 1889 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. It was found sweeping along with NGC 2566, which was described as "the S. of 2, roundish, pB, two stars involved." IC 2311 was noted as "the N one is pB, S, R, stellar nucleus (?). It is 1/2 [150 dia field = 8'] north of the above neb. They are both among scattered stars." He later added the note "one of these is new - the other probably = NGC 2566."
Herbert Howe independently rediscovered this galaxy on 16 Feb 1898 with the 20-inch Clark Refractor at Chamberlin Observatory in Colorado. He noted "pB, vS, R, little brighter middle, 6' n of NGC 2566" and measured an accurate position. Barnard apparently never notified Dreyer (along with other discoveries) and Howe is credited with the discovery in the IC, though Barnard's observation was 9 years earlier.
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IC 2327 = UGC 4356 = MCG +01-22-002 = CGCG 032-004 = PGC 23447
08 21 28.0 +03 10 09; Hya
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.4'; PA = 168°
24" (2/23/22): nice fairly faint edge-on N-S, initially seen as ~40"x15", but with averted vision extends to 1.1'x0.3', only a slightly brighter core. Interestingly, there is a group of about a dozen mag 12.5-14 stars to the north that are fairly uniformly distributed, but an irregular outline. The stars seem like a weak cluster. IC 503 lies 12' NE.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2327 = J. 3-1035 on 15 Feb 1898. His position lands on the north side of the galaxy.
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08 23 32.7 +21 20 18; Cnc
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'
17.5" (3/8/02): this is the southwestern component of a
double system with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2338 = J. 3-1036, along with IC 2339 and 2341, on 2 Mar 1896.
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IC 2339 = Arp 247 NED2 = UGC 4383b = MCG +04-20-045 = CGCG 119-080ne = PGC 23542
08 23 34.2 +21 20 51; Cnc
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.6'
17.5" (3/8/02): Arp 247 consists of a very close pair
of faint galaxies with IC 2341 5.7' SSW.
The brighter component, IC 2339, is very faint, small, 30"x20"
SW-NE. IC 2338 is a very compact
companion nearly just off the SW end (separation 0.7' between centers). One or two extremely faint stars about
30" NW also confuse the observation.
Member of the Cancer I cluster.
Located 5' WSW of mag 9.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2339 = J. 3-1037, along with IC 2338 and 2341, on 2 Mar 1896.
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IC 2341 = UGC 4384 = MCG +04-20-046 = CGCG 119-081 = PGC 23552
08 23 41.4 +21 26 05; Cnc
V = 13.6; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 1°
17.5" (3/8/02): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 40"x20", weak concentration. Arp 247 = IC 2339/2341 lies 5.7' NNE in the same high power field. Member of the Cancer I cluster. Located 4.8' NW of mag 9.6 SAO 80153.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2341 = J. 3-1039, along with IC 2338 and 2339, on 2 Mar 1896.
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08 25 12.0 +20 20 05; Cnc
V = 13.0; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3
See observing notes for
Max Wolf found IC 2359 = Wolf I-12 on a Heidelberg plate taken 13 Feb 1901 and noted W. I-12 was identical to NGC 2582, but Dreyer mistakenly recatalogued it as IC 2359. So, NGC 2582 = IC 2359. See Corwin's notes.
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08 24 10.1 -18 46 32; Pup
V = 11.9; Size 2.4'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 55°
16" LX200 (4/14/07): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, ~1.0x0.65', broad concentration. Two faint stars (aligned N-S) are just off the NW side and a very faint star is at the west edge. Situated in a rich Puppis star field peppered with faint stars and a mag 10.6 star 7' NW. This is a relatively bright galaxy that was missed in the NGC.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2367 visually on 1 Dec 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He wrote in his notebook,"Picked up a smallish pB nebula, not in NGC." and measured micrometric offsets from a nearby star. He notified Dreyer directly of the discovery.
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08 28 22.1 +30 26 36; Cnc
V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.45'; PA = 163°
18" (2/26/11): extremely faint to very faint, very
small, round, 15" diameter.
Forms the NW vertex of an equilateral triangle with
17.5" (2/22/03): marginal object in AGC 671, nearly on
a line with brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2374 = J. 3-1043, along with IC 2376, 2378 and 2380, on 24 Jan 1898. CGCG doesn't equate 149-027 with IC 2374. The galaxy identified as IC 2374 in CGCG is actually IC 2376. The PGC also has the identifications confused and Megastar has all the IC designations on the wrong galaxies. Finally, it's odd that Javelle mentions "near star 11.5", but there is no brighter star near this galaxy. Corwin questions whether he could have seen an asteroid instead?
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08 26 19.7 -13 18 11; Pup
V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 83°
24" (2/16/15): first in a striking trio of IC
galaxies. At 322x; appeared fairly
faint to moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 7:2 E-W,
0.8'x0.25'.
In addition, I picked up
17.5" (2/8/97): first and brightest of a close trio with IC 2377 1.6' E and IC 2379 2.1' ENE. Faint, moderately large, elongated 3:1 E-W, 1.5'x0.5', even surface brightness. The group lies near two mag 11 stars oriented SW-NE.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 2375 = Ho I-9, along with IC 2377
and 2379, on 22 Feb 1898 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin
Observatory in Denver. He noted
"F, vS, elongated at 90°, 1st of 3" and his micrometric position
matches
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IC 2376 = CGCG 149-029 = MCG +05-20-017 = PGC 23764
08 28 26.1 +30 24 28; Cnc
Size 0.7'x0.45'; PA = 65°
18" (2/26/11): faint to very faint, very small, elongated SW-NE, 18"x12". Located 25" NW of a mag 13.7 star and 1.8' SW of IC 2378 in the core of AGC 671.
17.5" (2/22/03): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Appears as a very small knot 24" NW of a mag 13.7 star. Located in the core of AGC 671, 1.9' SW of brightest member IC 2378.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2376 = J. 3-1044, along with IC 2374, 2378 and 2380, on 24 Jan 1898. CGCG misidentifies this galaxy as IC 2374. See Harold Corwin's notes on IC 2374 for more.
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IC 2377 = MCG -02-22-015 = PGC 23683
08 26 26.1 -13 18 23; Pup
Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 36°
24" (2/16/15): at 322x; faint to fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.4'x0.3', even surface brightness. Faintest (lowest overall surface brightness) in a close trio with IC 2375 1.6' W and IC 2379 0.9' NNE. A mag 11 star is 1.6' ESE
17.5" (2/8/97): second and faintest in a trio with IC 2375 and IC 2379. Extremely faint, small, round, very low even surface brightness, 30" diameter. IC 2379 is just 0.9' NNE and IC 2375 1.6' W. A mag 11 star lies 1.5' ESE.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 2377 = Ho I-10, along with IC 2375 and 2379, on 22 Feb 1898 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He noted "eF, vS, 2nd of 3" and his micrometric position matches MCG -02-22-015 = PGC 23683. The identifications of IC 2377 and IC 2379 are reversed in PGC but correct in MCG.
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IC 2378 = CGCG 149-031 = MCG +05-20-018 = PGC 23771
08 28 31.6 +30 25 53; Cnc
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 30°
18" (2/26/11): faint to fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated SW-NE, 45"x35", low surface brightness halo with
only a broad weak concentration, then sharply concentrated with a very small
brighter nucleus. IC 2378 is the
largest and brightest galaxy in the core of AGC 671 with a number of faint
galaxies nearby including IC 2374 2.2' WNW, IC 2376 1.8' SW, IC 2380 3' SE,
17.5" (2/22/03): very faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness. Brightest in AGC 671 with IC 2380 3.1' SE, IC 2376 1.9' SW and IC 2374 2.2' WNW. Other fainter members nearby.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2378 = J. 3-1045, along with IC 2374, 2376 and 2380, on 24 Jan 1898.
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IC 2379 = MCG -02-22-016 = PGC 23681
08 26 27.8 -13 17 36; Pup
Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 144°
24" (2/16/15): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 NW-SE, 0.45'x0.3', small bright core. Second brightest in the triplet with IC 2377 0.9' SSW and IC 2375 2' WSW. A mag 11 star lies 1.7' SE and a slightly fainter star is 1.9' NE.
17.5" (2/8/97): third in close trio with IC 2375 0.9' SSW and IC 2377 2.1' WSW. Very faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.5'x0.3'. A mag 15 star lies 30" N. Located 1.9' SW of a mag 12 star and 1.7' NW of a mag 11 star.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 2379 = Ho I-11, along with IC 2375 and 2377, on 22 Feb 1898 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He noted "vF, vS, 2nd of 3" and his micrometric position matches MCG -02-22-016 = PGC 23681. The identifications of IC 2377 and IC 2379 are reversed in PGC but correct in MCG.
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IC 2380 = CGCG 149-032 = MCG +05-20-019 = PGC 23777
08 28 43.9 +30 24 16; Cnc
V = 14.4; Size 0.75'x0.6'; PA = 169°
18" (2/26/11): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Situated 1.4' NE of a mag 12 star and 3' SE of brighter IC 2378.
17.5" (2/22/03): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Second brightest in AGC 671 and just slightly fainter than IC 2378 3.1' NW, though similar in size. A mag 12.5 star is 1' SW. IC 2376 lies 3.8' due west.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2380 = J. 3-1046, along with IC 2374, 2376 and 2378, on 24 Jan 1898. His micrometric position is accurate.
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08 39 56.5 +19 38 43; Cnc
Size 0.5'x0.3'
18" (1/13/07): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located 1.5' S of a mag 10 star in the Beehive cluster and forms the southwest vertex of a 3.5'x1.5' rectangle including two mag 10 stars (one mentioned above at 3.6' separation).
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2388 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer. His position and description matches this faint galaxy, but the discovery date and telescope are unknown. IC 2388 was also reported as #153 in a catalog of new nebulae and clusters found on photographs taken by Keeler between 1898-1900 and published in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII.
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08 47 58.2 +73 32 18; Cam
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 126°
17.5" (1/12/02): fairly faint, very elongated 7:2 NW-SE, 0.75'x0.2'. Situated just off the NW end of a curving 5' string of 5 stars oriented SE-NW, the brightest being a mag 11.8 star 2.3' SE. NGC 2646 lies 11' SE.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2389 = Big. 269 on 3 Feb 1894. His position is accurate.
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08 41 51.7 +19 42 08; Cnc
V = 14.9; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 21°
18" (1/13/07): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Forms the western vertex of a small triangle with a mag 11.5 star 1' SE and a mag 14.5 star 1' NE. Located 10' S of a mag 7 star on the east side of the Beehive cluster with several bright stars in the field including a wide pair of mag 8.5/9.5 stars 4' SW.
17.5" (2/8/97): very faint, very small, round, 15"
diameter. Located 1.2' NW of a mag
11.5 star on the eastern side of
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2390 and communicated the
discovery directly to Dreyer (not found in any of his published lists). His
position matches
IC 2390 was also reported as #155 in a catalog of new nebulae and clusters found on photographs taken by Keeler between 1898-1900 and published in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII. Karl Reinmuth suggested the equivalence between NGC 2643 and IC 2390 in his 1926 photographic survey Die Herschel-Nebel.
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08 40 18 -52 55; Vel
V = 2.5; Size 50'
13.1" (1/30/06 - Costa Rica): very bright and large naked-eye cluster surrounding mag 3.6 Omicron Vel (just north of the False Cross). Resolved in 9x50 finder and my 15x50 IS binoculars. Includes 7 bright stars with a wide (1.3') bright pair of mag 5 stars on the east side. The border of this scattered group is not well defined but the fainter stars fill out over a degree in the 20mm Nagler 66' field.
13.1" (2/17/04 - Costa Rica): this very large naked-eye cluster appears as a fuzzy glow surrounding mag 3.6 Omicron Velorum (1.8° NNW of mag 2.0 Delta Velorum in the False Cross). This scattered 50' group contains perhaps three dozen stars and barely fits in the field of the 20mm Nagler. Perhaps a better view was obtained in the 9x50 finder or 10x30 IS binoculars which did a nice job of resolving the brighter stars, but the group was really too sparse and scattered to look impressive in the 13".
10x30mm Canon IS (3/28/19 - Tasmania): very bright naked-eye cluster with a few stars seen unaided. Excellent resolution in 10x30 binoculars but still scattered as spread out over 50'. Nice wide double star at edge. Includes a half-dozen brighter stars.
Naked-eye (3/16/18, West Texas): I noticed the Omicron Vel cluster was fairly easily visible naked-eye as a fuzzy patch, though only 7° (or less) elevation at a latitude of +30. It was partly resolved in 10x50 binoculars.
Persian astronomer Al-Sufi first mentioned IC 2391 = Lac II-5 in his "Book of Fixed Stars" (964 AD) as a "nebulous star." Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille first resolved it in 1751-1752 during his journey to the Cape into a "small heap of stars" with his 1/2-inch refractor. Surprisingly John Herschel doesn't mention the cluster in the Cape of Good Hope observations so it didn't receive a GC or NGC designation.
Solon Bailey also found the cluster on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" (f/13) Cook lens at the Boyden station in Arequipa. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII) and Bailey was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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08 42 31 -48 06 30; Vel
V = 4.6; Size 15'
13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): this bright naked-eye
group includes mag 5.5 HX Velorum on the west side. Resolved in the 9x50 finder. In the 13.1", roughly three dozen stars are visible in
a 10' field. The bright stars are
scattered mostly on the following side of the group in an elongated arrangement
extending to the southeast. There
is also a fairly rich gathering of stars within 4' of HX Vel.
Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille discovered IC 2395 = Lac. III-3 between 1751-1752 during his expedition to the Cape of Good Hope. He recorded "Star of 6th magnitude, connected to another more southern one by a nebulous trail." Solon Bailey rediscovered the cluster photographically in 1896 with a 1" Cook lens at the high-altitude Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was published in his 1908 paper "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae, Annals of Harvard Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII. Dreyer missed Lacaille earlier discovery and Bailey is credited in the IC.
Brent Archinal noted the equivalence of this cluster with vdB-Ha 47. The Lynga position for IC 2395 is incorrect but OK for vdB-Ha 47. Brian Skiff gives a centroid position of 08 42 31 -48 06.5 (2000).
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08 46 44.6 +17 45 18; Cnc
V = 14.9; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 8°
48" (4/4/11): moderately bright, oval 5:3 N-S,
30"x18", broad concentration, brighter core. Three mag 12.5-14 stars within 1'
cradle the galaxy to the NE, SE and south. Located 2.2' NNW of a mag 10.9 star. The faint planetary
Max Wolf discovered IC 2398 = W. I-136 on a photographic plate taken on 13 Jan 1901 at the Heidelberg Observatory.
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08 48 24.7 +18 19 52 ; Cnc
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 148°
24" (3/6/21): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter, very weak concentration. A distinctive string [1.2' length] of 3 mag 11.5/13/13.5 stars is close NNE.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 2409 = W. I. 141 on 8 Mar 1886. His uncorrected position was 3' too far E. The discovery was made after his last published discovery list and it only appeared in his notebooks.
Max Wolf rediscovered IC 2409 on a plate taken on 13 Jan 1901 and reported in his first list.
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08 48 27.3 +19 01 09; Cnc
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 80°
24" (2/16/15): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:2 E-W, 35"x14", low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with
17.5" (1/28/89): very faint, small, elongated E-W.
Max Wolf found IC 2410 = Wolf I-142, along with IC 2411, on
a Heidelberg plate taken 13 Jan 1901 and noted "pB, S, E 90°, stell
N". His position match CGCG
090-016, the brighter of the pair of galaxies. He made no reference to
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IC 2411 = NGC 2667B = MCG +03-23-009 = CGCG 090-018 = Holm 98b = WBL 196-004 = PGC 24755
08 48 30.2 +19 02 38; Cnc
V = 14.9; Size 0.8'x0.25'; PA = 43°
24" (2/16/15): at 322x; very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 25"x12", very low surface brightness. Fainter of a pair with NGC 2667 1.6' SSW.
Ralph Copeland discovered IC 2411 on 26 Dec 1873 with LdR's 72-inch telescope and noted "cF, pS, lE pf; was thought to have an eF companion about 2' nf." Dreyer followed this up on 21 Feb 1876, saying, "eF; I think it is only a * 16 m +- nf." Because of his uncertainty Dreyer didn't assign this galaxy an IC designation.
Max Wolf discovered it again on a Heidelberg plate on 13 Jan 1901 and assumed it was new. Dreyer catalogued it as IC 2411, with no mention of the prior discovery. Corwin notes that "Had Dreyer been observing on a somewhat better night, or (perhaps) with a freshly-polished mirror, the fainter galaxy might also have received an NGC number." MCG doesn't label this galaxy as IC 2411.
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08 54 21.6 +32 40 51; Cnc
V = 13.3; Size 2.2'x2.0'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 147°
18" (4/4/12): at 175x appeared faint, moderately large,
roundish, ~40" diameter.
Pretty low nearly even surface brightness with very weak concentration
and no distinct core or zones, so appears fainter than V mag suggests. This pretty face-on two-armed spiral is
located 49' SE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2421 = J. 3-1060 on 6 Apr 1896 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate.
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08 56 47.7 +39 22 56; Lyn
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2424 = Big. 271 on 18 Mar 1892 while searching unsuccessfully for NGC 2704. As Herschel's position was 1.0 minute of RA too far east, he assumed Big. 271 (later IC 2424) was new, but likely NGC 2704 = IC 2424. The possible equivalence was mentioned by Dreyer in the IC description. See Corwin's identification notes.
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08 58 30.5 +02 55 32; Hya
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 119°
24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated, ~20"x15", very small brighter nucleus. Located 17.5' E of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2426 = J. 3-1063 on 23 Mar 1900.
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09 04 35.4 +14 35 39; Cnc
V = 14.0; Size 0.55'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 32°
48" (2/21/12): at 488x this compact 25" quartet
was resolved into a trio of adjacent, extremely small "knots"
(galaxies) each ~8" diameter, within a common halo. The galaxy on the south side (LEDA
200246 at V = 15.7) appeared to have a stellar nucleus. The other two knots are very close west
and northwest (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2431 = J. 3-1068 on 24 Feb 1896 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. Javelle's third catalogue gives the observation date as 24 Feb 1906. If that's the case, it's his last discovery and a couple of years after the previous one.
UGC classifies IC 2431 as a quadruple system. The V-V Atlas of Interacting Galaxies II, has the note ""Browning". Three?" The name "Browning" probably refers to a Browning pistol, which it resembles in the atlas.
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09 05 33.1 -19 12 26; Hya
V = 12.9; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 123°
17.5" (2/8/97): brightest of three galaxies in field
including
17.5" (3/25/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2
NW-SE, slightly brighter core.
Forms the vertex of an isosceles right triangle with two mag 12.5 stars
1.0' W and 0.9' S of center. A
line of three mag 9.5 stars follows in the field including
Herbert Howe discovered IC 2437 = Ho I-13 on 23 Feb 1898 and recorded "F, vS, R, 10' s of NGC 2754, 2757 and 2758." His micrometric position is accurate. It's odd that Muller viewed NGC 2754 and 2758 at the Leander-McCormick Observatory but missed this brighter galaxy about 10' north. This galaxy was found again on a photograph taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru in 1900.
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09 07 06.3 -69 56 31; Car
V = 10.5; Size 11"x9"
24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this extremely bright, 10.5-magnitude compact planetary is located 34' SW of mag 1.7 Beta Carinae (Miaplacidus). At 350x it appeared ~10" diameter with a very high surface brightness disc and a faint, thin outer envelope increasing the diameter a couple of arc seconds.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2448 = Fleming 80 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1898 at the Arequipa station and designated as "Planetary, stellar" based on its spectrum. Plates taken with the 72-inch Radcliff reflector in Pretoria "show a bright central star, with a small oval patch of luminosity placed slightly eccentric; dimensions 9"x7"." (Evans & Thackeray, 1950).
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09 13 32.9 +29 59 59; Cnc
V = 14.3; Size 1.9'x0.2'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 77°
24" (2/9/13): faint to fairly faint, thin edge-on 5:1
WSW-ENE, 50"x10", contains a small brighter core.
17.5" (2/8/97): second brightest of three visible in
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2449 = J. 3-1081 on 16 May
1903. There is nothing at his
position but Malcolm Thomson found that reversing the offset for his RA
separation lands on
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09 16 50.0 +20 11 55; Cnc
V = 12.9; Size 2.2'x2.0'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 60°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found J. 3-1087 = IC 2455 on 9 Apr 1896. There is nothing at his position and Harold Corwin suggests that Javelle made a recording error and NGC 2804 = IC 2455, despite Javelle mentioning he also saw NGC 2804.
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09 19 19.0 +33 52 51; Lyn
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5" (3/12/94): extremely faint, small, elongated 3:2
N-S, low surface brightness, no central concentration. A mag 14 star is 1.3' NNW. Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle found IC 2460 = J. 3-1091 on 28 Feb
1900. His position was 1.6' south
of
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09 23 01.1 -32 27 00; Pyx
V = 11.2; Size 4.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 37°
18" (3/17/07): moderately bright, very elongated 7:2 SW-NE, 2.5'x0.7', sharply concentrated with a bright 40"x30" core and much fainter extensions. A mag 12 star is superimposed on the southwest end. A mag 10 star lies 5.8' W.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2469 = Sw. 11-93 on 28 Dec 1897 and recorded "pF, cS, vE, 10m * close sp." His RA is 36 seconds too small, but the identification is certain based on his description. In his 6th Lowe Observatory list in A.J. he made a 10° error in the declination, but it was correct in combined 11th list. It's surprising that John Herschel missed this relatively large and bright galaxy.
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09 25 12.2 -06 49 48; Hya
V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.6'; PA = 151°
24" (2/8/18): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round,
24" diameter, high surface brightness, stellar nucleus. Located 7' S of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2471 = Big. 398 on 5 Mar
1899 and noted "two or three stars involved in nebulosity." His position in the Comptes Rendus list
is less than 1' north of
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IC 2474 = MCG +04-22-057 = PGC 26810
09 27 11.4 +23 02 04; Leo
V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 96°
17.5" (4/13/91): extremely faint and small, round. A mag 14 star is attached at the SE end and interferes with viewing. Forms a close pair with NGC 2885 2' SE. Faintest of three in a small group.
Sir Robert Ball probably discovered IC 2474 = Big. 275 on 10
Jan 1867 using LdR's 72". He
noted "3 objects seen close together, of which one is probably a nebula,
the other possibly also, and third a star? All of these are eF, and would perhaps not be seen unless on
so good a night as this is."
The second and third objects are probably IC 2474 and
CGCG and UGC misidentify NGC 2885 = IC 538 = CGCG 121-098 as IC 2474.
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09 27 54.3 +29 47 31; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 1.0'x0.3'; PA = 112°
24" (2/5/21): at 260x; faint, elongated 2:1 ~E-W,
~30"x15", slightly brighter core. With averted vision, the low surface brightness extensions
increase to ~45"x15". IC
2480 lies 7' SE and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2475 = J. 3-1103 on 10 Jan 1900.
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IC 2476 = UGC 5043 = MCG +05-23-001 = CGCG 151-086 = CGCG 152-005 = KUG 0924+302 = WBL 224-003 = PGC 26854
09 27 52.8 +29 59 09; Leo
V = 13.0; Size 1.5'x1.4'
24" (2/5/21): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 30" diameter, moderate surface brightness but very weak
concentration. Brightest in a trio
with
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 2476 = J. 3-1104 on 8 Mar 1886. His uncorrected position was 3' too far E. The discovery was made after his last published discovery list and it only appeared in his notebooks.
Stephane Javelle rediscovered it on 14 Apr 1896, along with IC 2478 and IC 2479, with the 30" refractor at Nice. Javelle measured an accurate position.
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09 28 17.8 +29 42 22; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 170°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2477 = J. 3-1105 on 1 May 1896. There is nothing at his positon, but 18 seconds of RA east is IC 2480 and Harold Corwin suggest this is likely IC 2477 due to an error in his measurement or reduction of his RA.
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IC 2478 = CGCG 151-088 = CGCG 152-007 = MCG +05-23-003 = WBL 224-004 = PGC 26865
09 28 00.9 +30 02 13; Leo
V = 14.9; Size 0.55'x0.4'; PA = 140°
24" (2/5/21): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, very small, round, 18" diameter. Second brightest of a small trio with IC 2479 2.9' SSE and IC 2476 3.6' SW. Equally spaced with two mag 12.2/12.8 stars 1' E and 2' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2478 = J. 3-1106, along with IC 2476 and IC 2479, on 14 Apr 1896.
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IC 2479 = CGCG 151-089 = CGCG 152-008 = MCG +05-23-002 = WBL 224-006 = PGC 26866
09 28 04.1 +29 59 29; Leo
V = 15.0; Size 0.55'x0.3'; PA = 152°
24" (2/5/21): at 260x; extremely faint, very small, roundish. Faintest in trio with IC 2476 2.5' W and IC 2478 2.8' NNW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2479 = J. 3-1107, along with IC 2476 and IC 2478, on 14 Apr 1896.
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IC 2480 = IC 2477: = CGCG 151-094 = CGCG 152-013 = KUG 0925+299 = PGC 26883
09 28 17.8 +29 42 22; Leo
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 170°
24" (2/5/21): at 260x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter at most, slightly brighter nucleus. IC 2475 lies 7' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2480 = J. 3-1108 on 14 Apr 1896. IC 2477, found by Javelle on 1 May 1896 may be a duplicate observation. Harold Corwin notes that the declination is identical, though the RA is 18 seconds too small.
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09 26 59.2 -12 06 32; Hya
Size 2.4'x1.5'; PA = 145°
24" (2/24/20): at 200x and 260x; moderately bright, fairly large, oval 3:2 NW-SE, strong concentration with a bright oval core and a large, low surface brightness halo. I was surprised by its relative brightness for an IC galaxy. Two 10th mag stars are 5' NW and 10' NW. NGC 2881 = Arp 275 lies 17' WNW.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 2482 = Ho. 2-3 on 14 Mar 1899 and noted "F, vS, 10m * preceding 7 seconds, 0.8' N."
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09 27 27 -56 57 24; Vel
Size 70'
24" (4/10/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): very
large, very bright cluster at 84x but fairly scattered. The most striking portion are two
bright ~N-S strings of stars, each ~5' in length, on the SE side of the
cluster. These two strings are
connected on the north end by a couple of stars forming a "U"
outline. Many of the other stars
are also arranged in strings including streams of stars that extend to the NW
on both the north and south side of the cluster. The most prominent string starts at the northern end of the
western row and extends NW to a mag 9.4 star. The outline of the cluster then meanders south on the west
side before heading back SE towards the two parallel strings. Although the listed diameter is 70', my
description applies to the central 15' portion of the cluster. Located 30' W of mag 3.1 N Velorum. The irregular planetary,
10x30mm Canon IS (3/28/19 - Tasmania): moderately bright, large, a few stars resolved over the hazy glow of unresolved stars. Picked up 0.5° W of mag 3.2 N Vela.
Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille discovered IC 2488 = Lac III-4 = D 330 between 1751-1752 using a 1/2-inch telescope at 8x during his expedition to the Cape of Good Hope. He described it as a "Faint star surrounded by nebulosity"
James Dunlop made two observations on 8 May and 3 Jul 1826 with summary description "A faint cluster of small stars of mixed magnitude, with two or three pretty bright stars in it. This answers to 485 Argus (Bode) and is described as a small star surrounded by a nebula." John Herschel didn't record this large naked eye cluster during his observations at the Cape of Good Hope, so it didn't receive a JH, GC or NGC designation.
Solon Bailey found the cluster again on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" f/13 Cook lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII). Dreyer credited Bailey with the discovery in the IC.
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09 36 17.5 +37 21 50; LMi
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.65'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 0°
17.5" (3/12/94): faint, very small, round, 30"
diameter, smooth unconcentrated glow.
A mag 14 star is 1.4' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2493 = J. 3-1115 on 14 May 1903. His micrometric position is accurate.
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09 36 05.8 -12 26 13; Hya
V = 12.4; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 25°
See observing notes for NGC 2947 = IC 547.
Lewis Swift found IC 2494 = Sw. 11-95 on 20 Feb 1898 and recorded "pB, pL, R, 2 st nr f". There is nothing at his position but 10 seconds of RA east and 3' south is NGC 2947, which was discovered by Leavenworth in 1886 though his RA was 2 minutes too large. Javelle also found the galaxy and placed J. 1-165 (later IC 547) accurately. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for IC 2494 (matching Javelle's) that was adopted in the IC, so Dreyer missed the two IC equivalences. So, NGC 2947 = IC 547 = IC 2494. MCG labels the galaxy as IC 547.
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09 41 04.1 +34 43 58; LMi
V = 15.1; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 116°
82" (5/4/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, 0.5'x0.35'. Contains a bright core that increases to a stellar nucleus.
48" (4/1/11): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 0.4'x0.3', brighter core. This galaxy is located just 20" N of Hanny's Voorwerp! 2MASX 094106.75+3443565 lies 33" E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2497 = J. 3-1118 on 14 May
1903. HyperLeda doesn't identify
******************************
09 38 47.2 -60 05 31; Car
V = 10.4; Size 2"
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at
200x, this very compact planetary appeared as a very bright, mag 10.5 blue
"star" that was slightly out of focus. Although it was barely non-stellar at this power, it was
obvious by its "soft" nature and blue color that it was a
planetary. Good contrast gain with
a UHC filter. At 350x, IC 2501 was
clearly resolved as a very small 3" disc with a crisp edge and extremely
high surface brightness. Located
15' SE of mag 6.9
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2501 = HN 101 in 1904 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station.
******************************
09 44 33.9 -31 47 24; Ant
V = 12.7; Size 1.7'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 49°
24" (4/13/18): at 225x; fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated 5:3 SW-NE, ~45"x27", irregular surface brightness. A very faint 16th mag star is
superimposed on the south side, and there seemed to be a knot(s) or clumpiness
on the SW end. Two mag 13.8 and
15.2 stars are just off the NE end.
A mag 10.3 star is 2.7' NW.
Located 39' SSW of
Forms a pair with UGCA 180, just 3.5' SE. It appeared as an extremely faint glow, seems moderately large but the surface brightness was too low to see any structure. Both IC 2507 and UGCA 180 are members of the NGC 2997 group (LGG 180)
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2507 = Sw. 11-96 on 19 Feb 1898
and recorded "eF; S; R; vF * close nf; pB * near sp." Swift's position is 32 seconds of RA
west of
******************************
09 47 43.5 -32 50 15; Ant
V = 12.5; Size 1.3'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 148°
18" (3/17/07): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
3:2 NW-SE, weak concentration.
Located 3.7' E of a mag 9.8 star.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2510 = DS 320 on a plate taken in Apr 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, considerably elongated at 140°, bM, susp."
******************************
IC 2511 = IC 2512 = ESO 374-049 = MCG -05-23-018 = PGC 28246
09 49 25.4 -32 50 31; Ant
V = 12.3; Size 2.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 41°
18" (3/17/07): fairly faint, moderately large, very
elongated 4:1 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.3'.
Forms a pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2511 = Sw. 11-97, along with IC 2514, on 30 Dec 1897. He recorded "pB; pS; eeE; spindle; 7m * np; not 3038; np of 2 [with IC 2514]." His position is at the southwest end of the galaxy and the bright star (HD 85117) is 5.6' nearly due west. He found the pair again just a month and a half later (12 Feb 1898), though called Sw. 11-98 (later IC 2512) the "north-following of 2", instead of "north-preceding of 2." amd position was over 5' too far south. DeLisle Stewart found only one pair on an Harvard plate taken at Arequipa in 1900 but Dreyer included two pairs of numbers in the IC. So, IC 2511 = IC 2512 and IC 2514 = IC 2513.
******************************
IC 2512 = IC 2511 = ESO 374-049 = MCG -05-23-018 = PGC 28246
09 49 25.4 -32 50 31; Ant
V = 12.3; Size 2.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 41°
See observing notes for IC 2511.
Lewis Swift found IC 2512 = Sw. 11-98, along with IC 2513,
on 12 Feb 1898 and reported "eeeF; pS; vE; between below * and 8m *
p[receding]; north-following of 2."
His position is 5.4' S of IC 2511, discovered by Swift on 30 Dec 1897,
and the description matches although he has a typo; "nf of 2" should
read "np of 2". Also
there was confusion on the discovery date as he first reported 12 Jan 1898 in
his 8th discovery list from Lowe Observatory. Although Stewart found only one
pair on an Harvard plate at Arequipa, Dreyer included two pairs of numbers in
the IC. So, IC 2511 = IC 2512 and
******************************
IC 2513 = IC 2514 = ESO-374-050 = MCG -05-23-019 = PGC 28290 = PGC 28283
09 50 00.7 -32 53 01; Ant
Size 1.5'x0.3'; PA = 62°
See observing notes for IC 2514.
Lewis Swift found IC 2513 = Sw. 11-99 on 12 Feb 1897 and reported "eeeF; eeeS; R; D * close sf; sp of 2" His RA was 10 seconds of time too small, and his dec 3' too far south, but the comment about the double star clearly applies to IC 2514, which Swift discovered on 30 Dec 1897. His typo "sp of 2" should read "south-following of 2" and there was also confusion on the discovery date as he first reported 12 Jan 1898 in his 8th discovery list from Lowe Observatory in MNRAS.
******************************
IC 2514 = IC 2513 = ESO-374-050 = MCG -05-23-019 = PGC 28290 = PGC 28283
09 50 00.7 -32 53 01; Ant
Size 1.5'x0.3'; PA = 62°
18" (3/17/07): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, 0.45'x0.3' (core region) with possibly very faint extensions, brightens to a quasi-stellar nucleus. Two mag 12/13 stars are close following and a faint star is at the ENE end. Forms a pair of edge-ons with IC 2511 = IC 2512 8' WNW. NGC 3038 lies 17' NE and a mag 10.7 star lies 3' E.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2514 = Sw. 11-100, along with IC 2511, on 30 Dec 1897. He recorded "eeF; eS; 3 F st close f; sf of 2 [with IC 2511]." His position and description is good though Dreyer mistakenly wrote "north-following of 2". Swift found the pair again on 12 Feb 1898 and reported them as new. As a result, IC 2514 = IC 2513.
******************************
09 56 20.1 +27 13 39; Leo
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (3/23/22): relatively bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, overall good surface brightness, small bright core increases to the center. A mag 10.2 star is 1.8' SW. Located in the Lynx-Cancer Void.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2520 = J. 3-1132 on 26 Mar 1900. He recorded "faint, round, about 20" diameter, gradual condensation, granular appearance, core of mag 13.5-14." His position is 1.5' too far north, but there is no question on the identification.
******************************
09 55 08.9 -33 08 14; Ant
V = 11.9; Size 2.8'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 0°
17.5" (4/15/93): fairly faint, large, round, diffuse,
just a weak concentration. Forms a
pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2522 = DS 322, along with IC 2523, on a plate taken in Apr 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, cL, R, * 8 n, susp."
******************************
IC 2523 = ESO 374-011 = MCG -05-24-005 = KTS 37C = PGC 28607
09 55 09.5 -33 12 37; Ant
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 25°
17.5" (3/28/87): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated. One or two faint stars are off the east end. Forms a pair with IC 2522 4.5' N.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2523 = DS 323, along with IC 2522, on a plate taken in Apr 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, considerably elongated at 20°, susp."
******************************
09 57 03.0 -32 15 25; Ant
V = 12.6; Size 2.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 55°
24" (4/14/18): at 282x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~1'x0.35', strong concentration with a small
high surface brightness core.
Situated in a rich Antlia star field with numerous nearby faint stars
including a string that begins at the south side and curls to the southeast. Located 8' E of mag 8.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2526 = Sw. 11-101 on 30 Dec 1897 and wrote "vF; S; R; 7.5m * nf; 2 or 3 F st near." The bright star he mentions is HD 86229 (mag 8.5), situated 8' WNW. In his earlier 8th discovery list published in MNRAS, he correctly placed the star "preceding". There was also confusion on the discovery date; he reported 19 Feb 1898, but gave 30 Dec 1897 in his large accumulated 11th list. The galaxy was found again in 1900 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station.
******************************
09 59 06.4 -27 07 44; Ant
V = 12.3; Size 1.7'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 2°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 2528 = Sw. 11-102 and reported "eeeF; eeS; R; double star south; 3078 in field; ee diff." His position is 30 sec of RA west and 3.5' south of NGC 3084. The double star may refer to a faint and unequal 5" pair that is 2.5' SE of NGC 3084. Harold Corwin suggested this identification. John Herschel discovered NGC 3084 on 26 Mar 1835 and his identification is certain, though MCG doesn't label this galaxy as NGC 3084.
******************************
09 59 29.5 -22 49 35; Hya
V = 12.0; Size 2.1'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 158°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 2529 = Sw. 11-103 on 11 Apr 1898 and recorded "eeF; eS; eF * in contact." His position is just 1' south of NGC 3081 = ESO 499-031, though Corwin notes there is no star in contact. William Herschel discovered this galaxy on 21 Dec 1786 (sweep 660) and recorded "vF, S, little brighter in the middle. South of a triangle of unequal small stars." Caroline's reduced position is 7 seconds of time west of ESO 499-031.
******************************
09 59 55.4 -29 37 02; Ant
V = 12.0; Size 6.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 75°
17.5" (2/1/03): large, low surface brightness streak,
1.5'x0.3', oriented WSW-ENE; broad, weak concentration. In a field with a number of mag 10-11
stars. Located 6' SE of a wide mag
10.7/13.5 pair and a similar distance south of a quartet of mag 11/12
stars. At the southwest edge of
the 220x field are a trio of mag 9-10 stars. Member of the
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2531 = Sw. 11-104 on 15 Feb 1898 and logged "eeeF; pS; cE; trapezium n and nf; D * np." His position is poor, but the identification is certain.
******************************
10 00 31.7 -31 14 42; Ant
V = 12.0; Size 1.8'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 1°
17.5" (3/28/87): moderately bright, small, almost
round, strong bright core, possible stellar nucleus. Located 31' N of
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2533 = D.S. 325 visually on 13
May 1890 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "Indef. 12m. A 7 1/2m star 10' p and 5' S. His rough pointing (9h 56m -30.9 for
1890) lands 12'-14' from NGC 3095, NGC 3100 and IC 2533. Barnard has the note "= NGC
3100" in his notebook, but his description of the mag 7.5 star only fits
IC 2533. Mag 7.2
******************************
10 03 30.1 -33 57 00; Ant
V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 45°
17.5" (4/1/00): very faint glow close NW of a mag 14
star. This is an edge-on but
appeared too faint in unsteady seeing to clearly view any details. An evenly matched pair of mag 11.5
stars lie 5' NE. Located 28' NW of
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2536 = DS 327 on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, S, E at 50°, considerably brighter middle."
******************************
10 03 51.9 -27 34 15; Ant
V = 12.1; Size 2.6'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 26°
18" (2/19/09): at 175x; fairly faint, moderately large, oval 3:2 SSW-NNE, ~2'x1.5', broad weak concentration. The Antlia Dwarf lies 15' NNE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2537 = Sw. 11-105 on 14 Feb 1898 and reported "eeF; L; cE; no B * near; no triangle as per [NGC] 3113." I'm surprised that John Herschel missed this relatively bright galaxy.
******************************
10 03 56.5 -34 48 28; Ant
V = 13.9; Size 1.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 1°
17.5" (4/1/00): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.3'. Probably viewed brighter core region only. A mag 12.5 star lies 1' SW of center. Located 4' N of mag 8.3 SAO 201012.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2538 = DS 328 on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "vF, vS, R, considerably brighter middle."
******************************
10 05 48.0 -17 26 04; Hya
Size 1.3'x0.5'; PA = 4°
14.5" (4/10/21): IC 2541 was noticed immediately at 158x and was not difficult to hold; elongated ~5:2 N-S. At 226x, ~45"x18", ill-defined brighter core, irregular surface brightness? A mag 13.4 star is 1.4' SW and a small group of mag 13-14 stars is ~3' NW.
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 2541 = D.S. 330 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa Station in May 1900.
******************************
10 09 20.9 -62 36 48; Car
V = 10.4; Size 11"x7"
18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x
this small, high surface brightness planetary was immediately seen in a rich
star field. It appeared bright (V
= 10.4), very small, slightly elongated, ~8"x6", with a bluish tinge. Excellent contrast gain with a UHC
filter. Located 58' directly west
of
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2553 = Fleming 70 in 1893 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station. Initially announced erroneously as a Type V star.
******************************
10 08 50.6 -67 01 51; Car
V = 11.8; Size 3.1'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 7°
24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): IC 2554
is a remarkable interacting multiple system or a single merger remnant with a
tidal tail. At 260x it
consists of what appeared to be a contact pair of edge-ons with just slightly
different orientations (both ~SSW-NNE) that run into each other. The southern portion was brighter and
larger, ~1.4'x0.3', while the northern component was perhaps half as long,
though they appeared nearly merged so it was difficult to clearly
distinguish. With averted vision,
the appearance was even more confusing as there was a strong impression of an
additional component or feature in the chain.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2554 = DS 334 on a plate taken 20 Mar 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cF, S,2-branch spiral, considerably elongated at 10°, N."
******************************
10 11 42.4 -31 38 34; Ant
V = 13.2; Size 2.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 38°
See observing notes for
DeLisle Stewart found IC 2555 = D.S. 336 on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station and reported "eF, vS, extremely elongated at 45°, considerably brighter middle." His position matches NGC 3157 = ESO 435-051. This galaxy was discovered by John Herschel in 1835 and accurately placed in his Cape of Good Hope catalogue, but the position in the GC and NGC is 40' too far north. As a result Stewart thought it was new, but NGC 3157 = IC 2555.
******************************
10 16 18.7 -33 33 50; Ant
V = 11.7; Size 3.2'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 45°
18" (4/10/04): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.4'x0.8', moderate concentration with a small brighter core and much fainter extensions. Nestled within a neat asterism of 5 stars forming a rough rectangle including two mag 12 stars 1.3' NE and 1.9' ENE of center. This Seyfert galaxy (type 2) is a possible outlying member of the Antlia Cluster (ACO S636).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2560 = Sw. 11-106 on 28 Dec 1897 and reported "eeF; pS; iR; in center of trapezium." His RA is 30 seconds too small, but the identification is certain based on the description. Howe measured a more accurate position in 1899 or 1900, though it was still 1' too far north. Based on a Harvard plate taken at the Arequipa station in 1900, Delisle Stewart described IC 2560 as "F, small, considerably elongated at 20°, ellip. oval form."
******************************
10 21 35.1 -34 16 01; Ant
V = 11.0; Size 4.1'x2.5'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 135°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 2571 = Sw. 11-107 on 30 Dec 1897 and recorded "vF; cS; R; mag 9 star p[retty?] close following." There is nothing at his position but 28 seconds of RA east is NGC 3223 and his description applies. Herbert Howe followed up on Swift's observation, measured an accurate position (Monthly Notices, Nov. 1900), and noted the mag 9 star follows by 9 sec. John Herschel discovered this galaxy in 1835 and measured a fairly accurate position, so the equivalence NGC 3223 = IC 2571 is certain.
******************************
10 25 07.3 +28 05 40; LMi
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 27°
17.5" (3/25/95): extremely faint, small. Appears very elongated ~N-S, although
it was difficult to determine the exact orientation due to faintness. Located 4.7' NNE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2572 = J. 3-1156 on 7 May 1896.
******************************
10 28 22.4 +68 24 58; UMa
V = 10.4; Size 13.2'x5.4'; Surf Br = 14.8; PA = 50°
48" (2/21/12): This large, low surface brightness dwarf
irregular in the
17.5" (3/12/94): faint, very large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 7.0'x2.5', low surface brightness, no concentration. Four faint stars are near the north side. There is a fairly bright nonstellar HII region, [HK83] #15, that is clearly visible at the NE end as a high surface brightness knot. Member of the M81 group (distance ~12 million l.y.).
Edwin Coddington discovered IC 2574 at Lick Observatory on a plate of the M81/82 region taken on 17 and 20 Apr 1898 with the 6" Crocker telescope (Willard Lens). The discovery was announced in PASP 10, 123 (1898). Coddington and William Hussey observed it visually on the 22nd using the observatory's 12-inch refractor and he mentioned it appeared "large, irregular, very faint, and composed of a number of condensations." Also, on 19 May, Coddington obtained an additional photograph that showed "the different condensations to be connected by faint nebulous matter, and the whole to extend over an area fully 4' in width and 12' in length."
******************************
10 29 16.8 +26 05 57; Leo
V = 13.3; Size 2.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 55°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 2579 = J. 3-1158 on 2 Apr 1900 and recorded "pB, elongated in pa 260°, 1' to 1.5' diameter, stellar nucleus of mag 13.5." His position and description matches NGC 3251 = UGC 5684. Heinrich d'Arrest made the initial discovery in 1862, but he made a 1.0 minute error in RA. His description pins down the equivalence of NGC 3251 = IC 2579. Dreyer must have realized the possible equivalence with NGC 3251 as he added the note "?3251" to the description of IC 2579. UGC labels this galaxy IC 2579, instead of NGC 3251.
******************************
10 28 18.0 -31 31 05; Ant
V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 154°
18" (4/25/09): faint, moderately large, round, 50"
diameter. Appears as a diffuse,
low surface brightness hazy glow with only a weak central brightening. Located 9.4' NW of brighter
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2580 = DS 346 on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cB, S, bM."
******************************
10 27 26.1 -57 37 32 ; Car
V = 4.3; Size 25'
14" (4/4/16 - Coonabarabran, 73x and 145x): very bright
group of stars, dominated by mag 4.7 supergiant V399 Car. This yellow star forms the eastern
vertex of an equilateral triangle with a mag 7.1 star 4.3' NW and a mag 8.7
star 4' SW. In a 5' region there
are roughly 35 stars, including a few mag 10-11 just south of the mag 4.7
star. A curving star chain with
fainter stars extends north of V399 Car.
The
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 2581 on a Harvard plate of the Eta Carina region taken at the Arequipa station in Peru on 10 May 1893. It was mentioned in the description of plate V in the 1897 Annals of Harvard College Observatory, vol. 26, p207.
******************************
10 29 11.0 -30 20 33; Ant
V = 13.0; Size 1.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3
14.5" (4/1/21): at 182x; very faint, moderately large,
~45" diameter, roundish, diffuse with a low surface brightness and no
core. An equilateral triangle of mag 11-11.5 stars (sides ~3.5') is directly
south. The southern star in the
triangle is a wide pair. First in
a similar trio with
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 2582 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru on 1 May 1900. Although Stewart noted it was indistinct and at the edge of the plate, his position is at the east edge of the galaxy.
******************************
10 29 51.5 -34 54 42; Ant
V = 12.7; Size 2.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 133°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 226x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated NW-SE, ~35"x15".
IC 2584 has a higher surface brightness than
Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 2584 = D.S. 348 on 8 Feb 1886 while observing the region of the Antlia Cluster with the Great Melbourne Telescope. He labeled it "S" on his sketch and called it "pF; L; E; gradually brighter in the middle, narrow." He wrote in his notebook that it precedes [NGC 3281] by 121 seconds and is 3' 40" S of it. The discovery was never published, though he wrote "The nebula S is very probably new [underlined]." The observation was confirmed on 1 Mar 1886.
DeLisle Stewart found this galaxy again on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
10 30 26.3 -35 21 35; Ant
V = 11.8; Size 3.1'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 106°
See observing notes for
DeLisle Stewart found IC 2585 = D.S. 349 on a plate 1 May
1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station.
His position matches
******************************
10 31 02.4 -28 43 00; Hya
V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 79°
14.5" (4/1/21): at 182x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 ~WSW-ENE, slightly brighter core. Using 226x; it gradually increases to a very small, circular nucleus. Situated at the vertex of an isosceles triangle with two mag 10 stars 4.6' SSW and 4.7' S.
This outlying member of the Hydra I cluster (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2586 = Sw. 11-109 on 1 Jan 1898 and noted "pF; vS; R; trapezium near sp." His RA was 20 seconds of time too small, but his declination is pretty close and the distinctive quadrilateral of brighter stars (sides 2' to 3.5') is roughly 5' SSW.
******************************
IC 2587 = ESO 375-051 = MCG -06-23-047 = PGC 31020
10 30 59.5 -34 33 47; Ant
V = 12.3; Size 2.0'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 10°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x; fairly faint (visible continuously), slightly elongated, ~40"x30". At 226x, increases to a small brighter nucleus. Three mag 11.5-12.5 stars in a SW-NE string are close east, along with a mag 10.5 star 5' ENE. Located 20' NW of NGC 3281 in the Antlia Cluster (ACO S636).
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2587 = DS 350 on a plate taken 1 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cB, bM."
******************************
IC 2588 = ESO 436-033 = MCG -05-25-009 = PGC 31088
10 31 50.1 -30 23 04; Ant
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 150°
14.5" (4/1/21): at 182x and 226x; very faint, moderately large, round, ~1.0' diameter, very diffuse with a low even surface brightness. I was just able to hold it steadily with concentration and averted vision. A 15" pair of mag 11-11.5 stars is ~6' SE. Located 32' NE of mag 5.6 Delta Antlia.
ESO 436-029, located 19' W, is faint, moderately large, round, ~45" diameter, diffuse, low surface brightness. A mag 13.5 star is close off the NW side. This galaxy is situated nearly at the midpoint of similar IC 2582 16' WNW and IC 2588 18' E and a similar distance NE of mag 5.6 Delta Ant.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2588 = Sw. 11-110 on 1 Jan 1898 and called it "eeeF; pL; R: D * near sf; * with distant companion f[ollowing] and p[receding]." His position and description is an excellent match.
******************************
10 32 20.8 -24 02 15; Hya
V = 13.4; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 12°
14.5" (4/1/21): at 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 N-S, 0.6'x0.4', slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is just off the SE side. Situated just 0.9' E of a mag 10.7 star.
Member of a scattered galaxy group (LGG 209), which includes NGCs 3313, 3331 and 3335.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2589 = Sw. 11-111 on 15 Feb 1898 and reported "eeeF; eS; eE; 8m * close p; eee diff." Howe reported in his Nov. 1900 Monthly Notices review of Swift's nebulae that the comment "eE" may be due to a star of mag 13 close south following.
******************************
10 35 08.4 -43 41 30; Vel
V = 11.3; Size 2.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 37°
18" (2/19/09): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2
SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.4' (viewed brighter core region). Located just 1.7' S of mag 6.1
DeLisle Stewart found IC 2592 = D.S. 351 on an Arequipa
plate around 1899 and reported "F, pL, considerably elongated 15°,
spir?". His position matches
******************************
10 36 04.2 -24 19 23; Hya
V = 12.4; Size 1.7'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.3
14.5" (4/10/21): picked up immediately at 158x; fairly faint, moderate size, slightly elongated, ~40" diameter, increases gradually to a brighter core. At 226x the core increases slightly to the center. Several stars are near including two mag 14.6 stars off the NW side and a mag 13.5 star 1.5' SE.
Member of a group (LGG 209), along with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2594 = Sw. 11-112 on 15 Feb 1898 and noted "eF; pS; R; bet 2 D st sp and nf." His position is 14' too far north, but Howe apparently measured an accurate position (used in the IC). It also appears the two double stars that Swift mentions are not SW and NE, but NW and SE.
******************************
10 37 47.3 -27 04 53; Hya
V = 11.8; Size 2.6'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5°
24" (3/28/17): fairly bright, moderately large, oval
4:3 N-S, sharp, strong concentration with a very bright core and a diffuse halo
extending ~1.2'x0.9'. A mag 14
star is just off the SE edge. One
of the brightest members of
17.5" (4/1/00): moderately bright, elongated 3:2 N-S,
1.0'x0.7', fairly sharp concentration with a small bright core. A mag 14 star is close SE [40"
from center]. This is the
brightest member of HCG 48 along with
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 2597 on 13 May 1890 with the
12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory.
With respect to 5th magnitude
******************************
10 37 27.1 -58 44 00; Car
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): I only
took a quick look at the "Gabriela Mistral" Nebula nebula at 200x and
a UHC filter, but the brightest portion appeared like a cartoon drawing of a
whale with a huge, very bright bulbous "head" forming the northern
end of the nebula. The brightest
portion is perhaps 15'x6' in size, but quite an extensive amount of fainter
nebulosity spreads out the east and southeast of the main body, significantly
increasing the size to ~15'x11', elongated N-S. Some faint nebulosity also spreads to the west of the main
portion. At the south end is the
mag 5.5 star
13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): striking HII region and
cluster 30' SE of
Williamina Fleming found IC 2599 = southern part of
******************************
10 43 00 -64 24; Car
V = 1.9; Size 60'
13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): with the naked-eye, an obvious halo is visible around mag 2.7 Theta Car but only a few stars are resolved naked eye. In the 9x50mm finder, a couple of dozen stars are resolved in a 1° region. The "Southern Pleiades" is too large and scattered for an impressive view in the 13.1". The cluster includes about a dozen mag 6-7.5 stars scattered in the field and a couple of mag 5 stars, along with blue-colored Theta (B-V = -0.2), a well known Blue Straggler. Most of the bright stars are located in two main groups; a 45' string extending N and SW of Theta and a large, detached, rectangular group of stars on the E end of the cluster, roughly 25' from Theta. Melotte 101 lies 40' SSW and is described below.
10x30mm Canon IS (3/28/19 - Tasmania): very bright naked-eye cluster visible as a bloated glow around Theta Carinae with a few individual stars. Gorgeous in 30mm binoculars with at least three dozen stars resolved at only 10x.
Melotte 101
14.5" (4/4/16 - Coonabarabran, 73x and 147x): beautiful, very large cluster, centered 12' E of a mag 5.5 star. Roughly 120-150 stars are resolved, depending on the assumed size. There is no distinct boundary so the size is pretty arbitrary but most of the brighter stars are within a 8'-10' circle. Many of the stars are arranged in long chains and loops. The brightest mag 9.7 star is at the west end, but the majority of the stars are 12-13 magnitude.
Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille discovered IC 2602 = Lac II-9 in 1751-1752 with a 1/2-inch telescope at 8x during his expedition to the Cape of Good Hope. He recorded "The star Theta Navis, of the third magnitude or less, surrounded by a large number of stars of 6th, 7th & 8th magnitude, which resemble the Pleiades." The nickname "Southern Pleiades derives from this description. John Herschel did not record this large naked eye cluster during his observations at the Cape of Good Hope, so it did not receive a GC or NGC designation.
Solon Bailey found the cluster again on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" (f/13) Cook lens at Harvard's high altitude Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII) and Bailey was credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
10 49 49.6 +32 58 43; LMi
48" (5/4/16): this number refers to the brighter
southwestern spiral arm of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2605 = Big. 402 on 11 Apr 1899 while observing NGC 3395. According to Harold Corwin, Bigourdan commented, ""Nebulous rounded object, about 20 arcsec across, it would be nearly impossible to make measurements." and estimated an offset of 0.5 seconds of time west and 17" south from the nucleus. Corwin identifies this with the brighter inner spiral arm just south of the core of the galaxy.
The identification of IC 2605 as part of the arm of NGC 3395 was made by Francis Pease in his 1920 paper on descriptions of nebulae photographed with the 60-inch at Mt. Wilson.
******************************
10 50 18.0 -12 06 31; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 2.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 84°
18" (3/29/03): fairly faint, edge-on 4:1 ~E-W,
1.4'x0.3', bright core. NGC 3421
lies 23' SW and
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2609 = Big. 403, a rediscovery
of
******************************
10 49 50.1 +32 58 58; LMi
V = 12.1; Size 2.1'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 50°
See observing notes for NGC 3395.
Stephane Javelle found IC 2613 = J. 3-1169 on 13 May 1896 but made a sign error in the RA offset from his comparison star. So, Dreyer assumed it was new. Once corrected his position matches NGC 3395, discovered by William Herschel on 7 Dec 1785.
******************************
11 00 20.2 -65 14 58; Car
V = 11.4; Size 5"
18" (7/10/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): picked
up by blinking with an OIII filter at 76x (27 Panoptic) and appeared as a
slightly fuzzy bluish "star".
Excellent contrast gain using the filter. Situated in the middle of a string of 3 stars with a mag
11.5 star 1' NW and a mag 10.8 star 75" SE. Appears ~0.5 magnitudes fainter than the SE star (giving an
estimated V mag of 11.3) but significantly brighter using the OIII filter. Appears quasi-stellar at 228x, perhaps
3" diameter at most. Located
2° SE of
Joseph Lunt discovered IC 2621 = HN 106 visually in 1901 with the Cape Observatory 24-inch Grubb refractor fitted with an object-glass prism. He noted "a stellar nebula found visually with the 24-inch o.g. prism. Mag 10-11." Williamina Fleming independently discovered it in 1907 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 124).
******************************
11 02 59.7 -16 17 22; Crt
V = 13.2; Size 1.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 15°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 2622 = Sw. 11-117 on 14 Jan 1898 and
noted "eeF; eeS; looks like a D *." His position is poor but refers to NGC 3508, which is 0.5
minutes of RA west and 3' south.
The "D[ouble] *" comment refers to the 13th magnitude star at
the north edge.
******************************
11 07 18.1 -19 28 19; Crt
V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.2
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 2624 = Sw. 11-118 on 11 Apr 1898 and
recorded "cB, pS, round, n of 2 [with
******************************
IC 2625 = NGC 3529 = ESO 570-007 = MCG -03-28-038 = PGC 33671
11 07 19.1 -19 33 20; Crt
V = 14.2; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 55°
See observing notes for NGC 3529.
Lewis Swift found IC 2625 = Sw. 11-119 on 11 Apr 1898 and recorded "eeeF; vS; R; s of 2 [with IC 2624 = NGC 3528]. His position is just 1' SE of NGC 3529, so IC 2625 = NGC 3529. This galaxy was discovered by John Herschel on 22 Mar 1835.
******************************
11 09 53.4 -23 43 33; Crt
V = 12.0; Size 2.4'x2.3'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 66°
48" (4/20/17): fairly bright, fairly large, asymmetric face-on spiral. IC 2627 has a very lopsided appearance with one long, prominent arm and a second arm that is shorter and less contrasty. The central section consisted of a bright, oval core highlighted by a stellar nucleus. A strong, knotty arm emerged on the southeast side of the core and gracefully unfurled counterclockwise towards the west on the south side. It significantly faded just east of a mag 16 star [50" WSW of center]. With averted vision, though, the arm could be followed about 1' further north of this star, but the surface brightness was extremely low. The second arm was more subtle and seemed detached from the core. It extended E-W, ~30" length, on the north side of the core and displayed a sharp northern edge. Several mag 16.5 stars were superimposed or nearby.
18" (3/29/03): fairly large, but fairly faint roundish
glow. The surface brightness was
irregular at 300x with a patchy appearance (face-on spiral with an asymmetrically
brighter arm and knotty appearance on the DSS). Located 8.4' ESE of mag 9.9
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2627 = Sw. 11-120 on 10 Apr 1898 and reported "eF; L; R; sev st in L semi circle n, in finder field with Beta Crateris." Herbert Howe noted it has "a stellar nucleus of mag 13.5." This was discovered in the last couple of months of Swift's observing career.
******************************
11 11 37.9 +12 07 19; Leo
V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.9
17.5" (5/4/02): extremely faint, very small, requires
averted. Located 0.9' WNW of a mag
13.5 star that interferes with viewing this faint galaxy. Much brighter
Max Wolf discovered IC 2628 = W. VII-1 on a Heidelberg plate taken in March 1906. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 09 52.8 -76 36 51; Cha
Size 10'
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia):
surprisingly bright, very large reflection nebula surrounding the mag 9.0
pre-main-sequence star
Several star fields to the south of IC 2631 were strangely devoid of stars due to the huge molecular Chamaeleon Dark Cloud. Only a few brighter stars were visible in the 30' field at 200x (13mm Ethos). The center is roughly 40' S of IC 2631 and the dark cloud appears elongated 2:1, roughly 90'x45' N-S.
The Chamaeleon dark cloud complex is a complicated structure
consisting of 3 large molecular clouds (designated Cha I, II, III by
Hoffmeister 1963) and a number of smaller clumps and globules. The region I observed corresponds with
Cha I and contains the reflection nebula
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2631 = D.S. 352 on a plate taken on 22 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "* 9 involved in neb of 2' radius."
******************************
11 15 08.7 +13 41 41; Leo
V = 16.3; Size 0.4'x0.25'; PA = 131°
48" (5/1/19): at 545x; between faint and fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 15"x12". At 813x the galaxy was clearly elongated at least 3:2 and nearly 2:1 NW-SE. A mag 12.9 star is 1' NW and a very faint mag 17.5 star is 20" S. Located 3.4' S of a mag 10.3 star. IC 2661 lies 7' SE. The SQM reading was 21.87 during the observation. IC 2657 has the second highest known redshift for an IC galaxy at a distance of 2.1 billion light years!
Max Wolf discovered IC 2657 = Wolf VII-33, along with IC 2661, on a plate taken 27 Mar 1906. His position is an exact match with this distant galaxy and he noted "between *11 np and *14 sf, difficult".
******************************
11 15 29.2 +13 36 31; Leo
V = 16.5; Size 0.8'x0.2'; PA = 110°
48" (5/1/19): at 545x and 813x; faint, very elongated 4:1 WNW-ESE, ~30"x7", broad concentration, low nearly even surface brightness with a slightly brighter central region.
SDSSJ111529.53+133634.5, a virtually stellar galaxy (V = 16.1) is at the north edge. IC 2657 lies 7' NW.
Max Wolf discovered IC 2661 = Wolf VII-37 on a plate taken
on 27 Mar 1906. His position (on
the companion at the north edge) and description matches
******************************
IC 2668 = MCG -02-29-015 = PGC 34333
11 15 32.3 -14 10 16; Crt
Size 1.4'x0.6'; PA = 140°
14.5" (4/13/23): at 226x; very faint, moderately large,
elongated ~5:2 NNW-SSE, low surface brightness, broad concentration with a
slightly brighter center but no nucleus, ~1' along major axis. An arc of 4 stars is roughly 7' S to
SW. IC 679 lies 20' NE and
Herbert Howe discovered IC 2668 on 25 Apr 1898 with the 20" Clark refractor at Denver. His position is accurate.
******************************
11 18 05.1 +17 38 58; Leo
V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.9'; Surf Br = 14.3
24" (3/23/22): at 226x; between extremely and very faint, round, fairly low uniform surface brightness, 0.4' diameter. UGC 6296 (possibly IC 685) lies 20' NW.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 2703 = K. 2-2 around 21 Apr 1894 (1894.3) with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg.
******************************
11 17 25 -62 43 18; Car
Size 12'
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this was a surprisingly appealing cluster, roughly 13' in diameter and framed nicely in the 30' field at 200x in the 13mm Ethos. The stars are fairly uniform in brightness with a large number of mag 11-12.5 stars and they give the impression of being connected in numerous loops and chains over the entire cluster. The cluster is not concentrated, though there are several mag 11 stars near the center and a close double. Mel 105 is located 48' SSE.
James Dunlop discovered IC 2714 = D 281 on 27 Apr 1826, the first night he recorded nebulae and clusters with his 9-inch reflector. He made 4 observations and described it on 5 June as a "cluster of very small stars, a little elongated preceding and following or rather elliptical, about 10' diameter; the stars are congregated towards the centre, a pretty bright star south, and a double star south following this."
Apparently John Herschel never observed the cluster,
although Dunlop's position was reasonably close. Solon Bailey rediscovered it
in 1896 on a photographic plate using a 1-inch f/13 Cook lens at Harvard's
Arequipa station in Peru. The
discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and
Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII). Bailey was credited with the discovery
in the IC. His description reads
"cluster, pretty compressed."
In 1927, Harry Wood reported that based on a Franklin-Adams plate, the
cluster doesn't agree in appearance with Bailey's description. "This cluster is an open large
cluster (12' in diameter) and is the same magnitude and is of the (?) Carinae
type. It lies immediately north of
CPD -62 1953." In the same
note he described the nearby cluster
******************************
11 21 04.0 +34 20 37; UMa
V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 100°
17.5" (2/13/88 and 3/12/88): very faint, small, edge-on
~E-W, weak concentration. Located
midway on line between a mag 12 star 2.0' E and a mag 15 star 2.2' W. First of six on a line in the core of
galaxy cluster
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2735 = J. 3-1177, along with ICs 2738, 2744 and 2751, on 22 May 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
******************************
IC 2738 = CGCG 185-042 = MCG +06-25-049 = PGC 34797
11 21 23.0 +34 21 24; UMa
V = 14.3; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8
17.5" (2/13/88 and3/12/88): very faint, extremely small, small bright core, faint stellar nucleus, slightly elongated. A mag 13.5 star is close off the west edge 35" from the center. Second of six in the core of AGC 1228 with IC 2735 4.0' WSW and IC 2744 4.0' E. Mag 9 SAO 62507 lies 3.5' directly north.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2738 = J. 3-1178, along with ICs 2735, 2744 and 2751, on 22 May 1903.
******************************
IC 2744 = CGCG 185-045 = MCG +06-25-052 = PGC 34833
11 21 42.5 +34 21 46; UMa
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5" (2/13/88 and 3/12/88): very faint, very small,
round. A mag 13.5 star is close
off the south edge 35" from the center. Third of six on a line in the core of AGC 1228 with IC 2738
4.0' W, IC 2735 8.0' WSW and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2744 = J. 3-1179, along with ICs 2735, 2738 and 2751, on 22 May 1903.
******************************
IC 2751 = CGCG 185-047 = PGC 2048050
11 22 07.4 +34 21 59; UMa
V = 14.8; Size 0.4'x0.4'
17.5" (2/13/88 and 3/12/88): extremely faint and small,
nearly stellar, round. Located
3.2' NNE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2751 = J. 3-1180, along with
ICs 2735, 2738 and 2744, on 22 May 1903.
His re-reduced position matches
******************************
11 22 13.3 +24 19 02; Leo
V = 14.1; Size 0.35'x0.35'; Surf Br = 11.0
48" (4/18/15): at 488x; moderately bright, small,
round, 18" diameter, sharply concentrated with a small bright core. First of 7 in
17.5" (5/11/96): faint, very small, round, 20"
diameter, moderate surface brightness.
This member of HCG 51 forms a close pair with HCG 51B = MCG +04-27-026
1.0' S. A mag 13 star lies 2.0'
NW. Located 3.2' NW of brightest
member
HCG 51B = MCG +04-27-026 appeared very faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 0.9'x0.6', very weak concentration. Larger of close pair with IC 2759 1.0' N, though has a significantly lower surface brightness. Modern catalogues misidentify this galaxy as IC 2759.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2759 = Big. 405 on 24 Apr
1897 and noted "strong stellar object that appears accompanied by
nebulosity; a mag 13 star at p = 300 °, d = 2'.5." His position is close to HCG 51B and
51E (similar in brightness). Based
on my visual observation I suggested to Harold Corwin that IC 2759 = HCG 51E =
******************************
11 27 05.0 -28 58 49; Hya
V = 12.2; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.0
18" (3/19/04): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
35" diameter, weak concentration.
A mag 11 star is just off the northeast edge 48" from the
center. A mag 9 star (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2764 = Sw. 11-121 on 1 Jan 1898 and reported "pB; pS; R; 10m * close nf; 7m * f[ollowing]." There is nothing near his position, but 5 minutes of time following is this relatively bright galaxy that matches his description. MCG doesn't identify this galaxy as IC 2764, but it is correctly identified in modern sources.
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11 28 12.9 +09 03 44; Leo
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.1
18" (5/3/11): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Located 0.5' NW of mag 14 star. First of 6 IC galaxies in the IC 698 group.
17.5" (2/28/87): very faint, elongated NW-SE, very
small, requires averted. A mag
14.5 star is just off the SE edge 33" from the center. Fifth brightest in the IC 698 group and
forms a pair with
Max Wolf discovered IC 2850 = W. VII-222, along with IC 2853 and 2857, on a Heidelberg plate taken on 27 Mar 1906. He reported "pB, S, E at 120°, bM, * 13 sf 1/2'."
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IC 2853 = UGC 6470 = MCG +02-29-031 = Holm 257c = PGC 35302
11 28 14.9 +09 08 48; Leo
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 15°
18" (5/3/11): faint to fairly faint, small, oval 3:2
SSW-NNE, ~25"x15", slightly brighter core. Located less than 1' SSW of a mag 10 star (
17.5" (2/28/87): faint, small, oval SSW-NNE, weak concentration. Located just 0.9' SSW of a mag 10 star. A mag 14 star is 0.9' E. First of four brighter galaxies in the IC 698 group with IC 2850 5.1' S and IC 2857 4.8' SE.
Max Wolf discovered IC 2853 = W. VII-225, along with IC 2850 and 2857, on a Heidelberg plate taken on 27 Mar 1906. He reported "pB, pS, E in 160°, bM, forms a triangle with 2 stars."
******************************
IC 2857 = UGC 6475 = MCG +02-29-033 = FGC 1253 = Holm 257e =
11 28 31.1 +09 06 14; Leo
V = 14.5; Size 1.9'x0.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 161°
18" (5/3/11): extremely faint, moderately large, edge-on NNW-SSE, required averted and can only glimpse for moments so not well seen. Located 2.2' W of IC 696 and 1.3' S of a mag 13.5 star. This is the faintest of 6 galaxies in the IC 698 group.
17.5" (2/28/87): extremely faint, edge-on NNW-SSE, visible only part of time with averted. A mag 14.5 star is off the north end 1.3' from center. Sixth brightest in the IC 698 group with IC 2853 4.8' NW.
Max Wolf discovered IC 2857 = W. VII-229, along with IC 2850 and 2853, on a Heidelberg plate taken on 27 Mar 1906. He reported "F, pL, 2' x 1/4' in PA 160°, bM." Rudolph Spitaler missed this galaxy when he went through the field visually on 31 Mar 1892 with the 27-inch refractor at the Wien Observatory.
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11 31 51.3 -30 24 39; Hya
V = 13.0; Size 0.8'x0.8'
48" (4/21/17): at 488x; fairly bright, round, 0.6'
diameter, moderate even surface brightness but no obvious core/nucleus. Located 7.4' SE of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2913 = Sw. 11-122 on 12 Feb 1898 and recorded "vB; pS; R; sf of 3717." His position is 1.5' too far southeast, but the identification is certain.
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11 36 42.3 +54 50 45; UMa
V = 14.7; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.1
17.5" (3/19/88): very faint, very small, round, weak
concentration. Forms a close pair
with brighter
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 2943 visually on 6 Jul 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory.
******************************
11 35 47 -63 01 11; Cen
V = 4.5; Size 40'x20'
See
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 2944 = F. 789, along with IC 2948, on a 24-inch photographic plate taken at the Arequipa station on 5 May 1904. He noted nebulosity but not the scattered cluster. Images reveal several interesting dark blobs called Thackeray's Globules (dense star forming regions). The IC designations refer to different parts of the same HII complex. See Harold Corwin's notes on this object.
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IC 2948 = ESO 094-005 = RCW 62 = Gum 42 = Lambda Cen Nebula = Running Chicken Nebula
11 39 05 -63 26 36; Cen
Size 40'x35'
13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): this is a bright and
fascinating HII region SE of Lambda Cen using a 20mm Nagler with an OIII
filter! It surrounds open cluster
Cr 249 = Lambda Cen cluster is a bright group of two dozen stars elongated NW-SE, ~12'-15' diameter, centered ~30' SE of 3rd magnitude Lambda Cen. Situated in the midst of a fascinating field of nebulosity and dark lane which run just north of the cluster and which spreads out to the east of the cluster! The field seems riddled with dark lanes and brighter patches. Mag 6.5 HD 101205 is near the center of the group and a mag 7 star lies 4.6' NW.
10x30mm Canon IS (3/28/19 - Tasmania): prominent region in 10x30 binoculars. Includes Lambda Centauri and 4 bright stars in a string to the southeast. These stars are involved in an extremely large nebulous haze (unfiltered).
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 2948 = F. 790, along with IC 2944, on a photographic plate taken 5 May 1904 with the 24-inch refractor at the Arequipa station. He noted nebulosity only. See notes on IC 2944.
Based on a photograph taken with the Franklin-Adams camera in June 1910 at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, H.E. Woods described "A very large nebulous region - irregular in shape, somewhat resembling a pear. The star Lambda Centauri is involved in the nebula at the narrow end of the of the pear. The stars CPD -62°, 2154, 2168, 2164, 2186, 2184, 2206 and 2142 are also surrounded by nebulosity. There are rifts through the nebula breaking it up into three main portions. The bright portion of the nebula covers about 40' in declination and 5 minutes in RA, but there are fainter extensions about 1° from the main body."
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11 43 24.5 +19 44 59; Leo
V = 13.6; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 80°
17.5" (2/20/88): very faint, small, edge-on E-W. A mag 13 star is at the east edge
41" from the center. Forms a
close pair with
Friedrich Bidschof discovered IC 2951 visually in February 1897 using the 27-inch Grubb refractor at the Vienna Observatory. His micrometric position in 1898AN....147..257B is very accurate.
Stephane Javelle found the galaxy again on 9 May 1904, along with UGC 6683, and included it in his unpublished 4th catalogue as J. 1735. He apparently missed the equivalence with IC 2951.
******************************
11 44 25.8 +33 21 18; UMa
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 65°
17.5" (4/14/01): faint, small, round, 0.8', low even surface brightness
17.5" (2/24/90): very faint, very small, round, low surface
brightness. On a line with two mag
14 stars located 6'-7' SE. In a
group (USGC U418) with
Stephane Javelle found IC 2953 = J. 1189 on 11 Jun
1896. His position matches UGC
6709.
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11 45 03.9 +19 37 14; Leo
V = 14.0; Size 0.2'x0.2'; Surf Br = 10.3
17.5" (3/12/88): faint, very small, round, weak
concentration. This is the fainter
member of a very close pair with
13.1" (2/25/84): very faint, extremely small, round, requires averted. Located just off NNW edge of NGC 3862.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 2955 = Big. 406 on 28 Mar 1886 in an observation of NGC 3862.
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11 46 10.2 +33 06 31; UMa
V = 14.3; Size 1.3'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 105°
17.5" (2/24/90): very faint, very small, elongated
E-W. First of four and forms the
west vertex of an equilateral triangle with sides 4' length with
Stephane Javelle found IC 2959 = J. 3-1194 on 11 Jun 1896. His position matches NGC 3871, discovered by John Herschel on 3 Apr 1831 but with a very poor RA. As a result Javelle assumed it was new, although Rudolph Spitaler corrected the RA in 1891 at the Wein Observatory. So, IC 2959 = NGC 3871.
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11 54 01.5 -19 34 09; Crt
V = 11.8; Size 3.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 173°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 2965 = Sw. 11-124 on 20 Feb 1898 and reported "B, S, eE, a ray." There is nothing at his position, but 3.5 minutes of time east (same declination) is NGC 3957 and the description fits. Harold Corwin suggests NGC 3957 = IC 2965, the only plausible candidate he could find.
******************************
11 50 13.5 -64 52 23; Mus
Size 3'x2'
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly
faint, fairly large elongated glow surrounding a 43" pair of stars
oriented E-W (viewed unfiltered).
This reflection nebula extends at least 2'x1' and perhaps
2.5'x1.25'. Located 22' NW of mag
4.9
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 2966 = F. 791 = D 266? on a photographic plate taken 5 May 1904 with the 24-inch refractor at the Arequipa station.
James Dunlop possibly discovered it on 8 May 1826. He made a second observation on 4 Jun and recorded "A very small nebula, very bright immediately at the center; the bright point is nearly equal in brightness to one of the (two) minute stars north of the nebula. I do not think the bright point is a star, but a very high condensed nucleus, surrounded by a faint chevelure, not more than 10" diameter. Another very minute nebula precedes it." Dunlop's position is 16' NW of IC 2966 and it may be too faint to have been picked up in his 9-inch speculum reflector (equivalent to a 6" or so), so this identification is uncertain.
Van den Bergh and Herbst included this object as No. 56 in their Catalogue of Southern Stars Embedded in Nebulosity (AJ, 1975), noting that it had a high surface brightness and was equally bright on both the red and blue plates. The maximum diameter on the red plate was 2.4' and the blue plate was 2.6'.
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11 52 30.5 +20 37 31; Leo
V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 80°
17.5" (4/7/89): very faint, small, very elongated E-W. Located 3' W of NGC 3937 in a group.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 2968 on 2 Apr 1894 with the
18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory. The CGCG and UGC notes to NGC
3937 misidentify this galaxy as
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11 52 31.3 -03 52 20; Vir
Size 1.2'x0.8'; PA = 108°
24" (5/20/20): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated E-W, ~40"x30", low nearly even surface
brightness. Located 14' W of mag
8.1
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2969 = Sw. 11-125 on 4 May 1897
and recorded "eF; pS; R; B[right] * f[ollows] 55 sec; np of 2." There is nothing at his position but
8.6' S is
******************************
IC 2972 = NGC 3952 = MCG -01-30-044 = PGC 37285
11 53 40.6 -03 59 46; Vir
V = 13.1; Size 1.6'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 85°
See observing notes for NGC 3952.
Lewis Swift found IC 2972 = Sw. 11-127 on 23 Mar 1895 at Lowe Observatory and reported "vF; pS; R; 2 B stars n and np; s of 2 [with IC 2969]." His position is just 1.2' N of NGC 3952 and the description of the nearby stars matches. This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel on 11 Mar 1787 and his position has a comparable accuracy, so its surprising that neither Swift nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence.
******************************
11 53 48.7 -05 10 04; Vir
V = 12.9; Size 2.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 100°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 182x and 226x; fairly faint, fairly
large, very thin and attractive edge-on ~8:1 E-W, ~1.5'x0.25'. Bulges slightly in the modestly
brighter center. A mag 14.9 star
is just beyond the eastern tip.
Located 7' SE of mag 9.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2974 = Sw. 11-128 on 23 Mar 1895
and reported "eeeF, vS, lE, ray; in vacancy, 4 F sts in line s; 1 B and 3
F sts n." His position is
less than 3' NNE of
******************************
11 56 01.1 -02 43 15; Vir
V = 12.9; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 112°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 2976 = Sw. 11-129 on 23 May 1897 and reported "vF; vS; R; vF * near nf." There is nothing at his position but 1.5 minutes of RA east is NGC 3979 and the star close northeast clinches this identification. Swift also found this galaxy in 1886, but the original discovery goes to Edward Holden in 1881.
******************************
11 55 14.7 -37 41 47; Cen
V = 12.3; Size 2.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 121°
14.5" (4/10/21): at 158x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated NW-SE, ~0.6'x0.4'.
Contains at slightly brighter nucleus at 226x. A mag 13.2 star is 1' NW and several mag 11 and 12 stars are
in the field to the east and west.
Located 10' ENE of mag 6.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2977 = Sw. 11-130 on 29 Dec 1897 and reported "eF; vS; 7m * south-preceding." His position is quite poor; 13' too far south and 35 seconds of RA too small. But mag 7.5 HD 103437 is southwest of this galaxy, confirming the identification.
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11 56 54.3 +32 09 33; UMa
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 0°
17.5" (2/24/90): very faint, very small, slightly
elongated N-S, even surface brightness.
Located 3' SE of mag 8.0
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2979 = J. 3-1201, along with
******************************
IC 2981 = MCG +05-28-048 = CGCG 157-056 = PGC 37462
11 55 42.6 +32 11 21; UMa
V = 14.9; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.2
17.5" (2/24/90): very faint, very small, round. Two mag 13/14 stars are 1.3' W. Member of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 2981 = J. 3-1202, along with
IC 2979, on 12 Jun 1896. He used
the same comparison star (BD +33 2172) for IC 2979 for which there was a one
degree error its north polar distance, but after making this correction there
is nothing at the position for IC 2981.
None of the major galaxy catalogues include a listing for IC 2981 except
for MOL (Master Optical List) and NGC 2000 (at the incorrect IC declination). However, Corwin found that reversing
the sign of the RA offset points directly at
To further confuse the issue,
******************************
11 57 51.4 +27 52 07; Leo
V = 14.2; Size 0.65'x0.4'; PA = 75°
17.5" (4/9/99): faint, very small, elongated
20"x15" SW-NE. Just
follows a mag 11 star [45" to center] which is the brightest star in an
inverted "L" asterism and which detracts from viewing. Located 3.1' W of
J.L.E. Dreyer probably discovered IC 2982 = Big. 285 = NGC 4004B on 5 Apr 1877. A sketch reproduced in the 1880 LdR Monograph shows GC 2633 [later NGC 3988] and a second nebula close following a star. Dreyer assumed this was GC 2645 [later NGC 4004], but the placement with respect to the included stars matches IC 2982.
Guillaume Bigourdan "officially" discovered IC 2982 again on 28 Apr 1894. The IC position is 3' too far south but Corwin's re-reduced position is a good match and his description fits. Bigourdan is credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
12 04 34.0 +01 48 05; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 30°
24" (4/15/23): at 327x; fairly faint, elongated 2:1
SSW-NNE, 30"-35" major axis, broad concentration with a slightly
brighter core. Fainter and smaller of a pair with
17.5" (5/10/86): faint, very small, elongated 2:1
SW-NE, small bright core. Forms a
close pair with NGC 4077 just 1.3' NW in a group. Located 6.0' SSE of
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 2989 = Big. 287 on 29 Mar
1895. This was the third discovery
of
******************************
12 05 46.9 -27 56 25; Hya
V = 12.2; Size 3.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 117°
18" (4/29/06): faint, fairly large, very elongated
WSW-ENE. In poor seeing appears as
a low surface brightness, elongated strip with an irregular, patchy surface
brightness and a slightly brighter bulging center but no defined core. Mag 9.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 2995 = Sw. 11-131 on 30 Dec 1897 and noted "vF; L; cE; 8m * near f[ollowing]; np of 2 [with Sw. 11-133]." The second entry was actually observed 2 nights later, so he may have added the comment "np of 2" when preparing his manuscript. Howe observed the field in 1899-00 and reported, "These were discovered on different nights; their positions agree closely, and their descriptions fairly. I examined the locality on two nights, and found only one nebula, which is elongated at 120°, is about 1.5' long, and points toward a star of mag 9, which follows 15 or 20 seconds." So, Sw. 11-133 is a duplicate entry for IC 2995.
DeLisle Stewart found this galaxy again on an Arequipa plate in 1899, measured the position, and noted "F, cL, ellip. sp form, E at 125°." In 1921 it was described at the Helwan Observatory as "F, 3' x 1', E 115°; irr. spiral; the south-following portion is probably absorbed."
******************************
12 05 48.6 -29 58 19; Hya
V = 13.5; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 21°
18" (5/28/06): very faint, very small, slightly elongated, 0.4'x0.3', low surface brightness. A mag 13 star is attached at the south edge. Located 17' SW of NGC 4105/4106 pair.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 2996 = D.S. 357 on a plate taken in July 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, vS, E at 20°, * sp."
******************************
12 07 57.4 -30 20 22; Hya
V = 12.2; Size 1.9'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 84°
18" (5/28/06): fairly faint, moderately large, round, fairly low surface brightness, 1' diameter, broad concentration to an ill-defined core. A 9' string of a half-dozen mag 13/14 stars extends to the south-southwest from the galaxy. Located 38' SE of IC 3010.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 3010 = Sw. 11-134 on 11 Apr 1898 and noted "eeeF; cS; R; D * sf; v diff." Based on an observation in 1900 with the 20" refractor in Denver, Herbert Howe reported "the "D * sf" is of mags 10-10.5, angle 45°, and distance 40"; it is 8' from the nebula. Just south of the nebula, and pointing at it is a row of five stars of average mag 11.5, the farthest being less than 10' away [mentioned in my observation]. The nebula is considerably brighter than the description "eeF, v diff." would imply."
******************************
12 08 09.7 +10 22 43; Vir
V = 11.3; Size 4.3'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 114°
See observing notes for
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3011 = Sn. 124 on a plate taken
23 Feb 1900 with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in
Heidelberg. His position matches
NGC 4124, although he and Dreyer missed the earlier NGC designation. Also see
******************************
12 09 00.3 -31 31 12; Hya
V = 12.3; Size 2.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 166°
18" (5/28/06): fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 1.2'x0.4', bulging center, even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is just off the SSE
extension [45" from center].
Located 3.7' W of a mag 9.6 star and 19' ESE mag 6.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 3015 = Sw. 11-135 on 31 Jan 1898 and recorded "pB; vF * close sf; vE at 45°." His position is poor (7' too far southwest), as well as the position angle (P.A. 166°), but a star is close southeast. Herbert Howe reported in 1900 "the "* close sf" is of mag 10.5, and follows 2 seconds, 0.6' south." Howe also measured an accurate position (used by Dreyer in the IC 2).
******************************
12 12 11.8 +13 14 47; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 160°
See observing notes for
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3035 = Sn. 222 on plate taken 16 Nov 1900 with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4165, although he and Dreyer missed the earlier NGC designation from d'Arrest. Also see NGC 4119.
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12 12 32.6 +12 18 36; Vir
V = 14.8; Size 0.9'x0.35'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 22°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~20"x8". A mag 15.7 star is 1' NNE, a mag 14.8 star is 1.6' NE and a mag 11.1 star is 2.6' SW.
Royal Frost discovered IC 3039 = F. 820 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 7 May 1904.
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12 12 46.4 +10 51 57; Vir
V = 11.4; Size 5.1'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 30°
See observing notes for
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3042 = Sn. 151 on 6 Sep 1900 on a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4178. Neither he nor Dreyer noticed the equivalence in position so this galaxy was catalogued again as IC 3042.
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12 13 47.5 +13 25 33; Com
V = 11.7; Size 2.7'x2.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 85°
See observing notes for
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3050 = Sn. 227 on 16 Nov 1900 with a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4189, although he and Dreyer missed or didn't check the earlier NGC designation. There are a number of similar cases with Schwassmann's list of nebulae in the Virgo-Coma region including nearby NGC 4193 = IC 3051.
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12 13 53.6 +13 10 22; Vir
V = 12.3; Size 2.3'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 93°
See observing notes for NGC 4193.
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3051 = Sn. 228 on 16 Nov 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4193, although he and Dreyer missed or didn't check the earlier NGC designation. There are a number of similar cases with Schwassmann's list of nebulae in the Virgo-Coma region including nearby NGC 4189 = IC 3050.
******************************
12 15 04.5 +14 01 44; Com
V = 13.6; Size 2.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 122°
17.5" (4/25/98): very faint, small, elongated NW-SE,
0.9'x0.4'. Picked up with averted
vision 11' NW of
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3061 = Sn 274 on 22 Nov 1900 with a plate taken using the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Based on a plate taken with Harvard's 24" photographic refractor at Arequipa station in July 1904, Frost described "spiral, edgewise, extends 1.5' at 135°."
******************************
12 15 16.7 +13 01 26; Vir
V = 12.2; Size 6.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 0°
See observing notes for NGC 4206.
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3064 = Sn. 230 on 14 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4206 although he and Dreyer missed or didn't check the earlier NGC designation. There are a number of similar cases with Schwassmann's list of nebulae in the Virgo-Coma region.
******************************
12 15 12.6 +14 25 58; Com
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.75'; PA = 179°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly
small, slightly elongated N-S, even surface brightness, 0.6'x0.5'
diameter. A mag 10.7 star is 7'
NNE and a mag 11.2 star is 6' ESE.
Located 53' W of
Royal Frost discovered IC 3065 = F. 834 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 7 May 1904.
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12 15 46.3 +10 41 50; Vir
V = 14.3; Size 2.3'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 160°
17.5" (5/14/88): very faint, moderately large, thin edge-on NNW-SSE, low even surface brightness with no central brightening.
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3074 = Sn. 152 on 6 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Based on a plate taken with Harvard's 24" photographic refractor at Arequipa station in July 1904, Frost reported "extends 2' at 170° (Sch. 152)."
******************************
12 15 56.3 +14 25 59; Com
V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 0°
24" (5/20/20): at 225x; extremely faint, fairly small,
very low surface brightness, requires averted vision to glimpse. Located 11' E of brighter IC 3065. Also, brighter
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3077 = F. 839 on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 7 May 1904. He noted "bM, magn 15". The UGC and CGCG list this galaxy but do not identify it as IC 3077.
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12 17 09.8 +07 11 28; Vir
V = 11.6; Size 4.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 48°
See observing notes for
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3098 = Sn. 5 on 30 Oct 1899 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory. His position matches NGC 4235, though both he and Dreyer missed the earlier discovery by William Herschel. So, IC 3098 = NGC 4235.
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12 17 09.3 +12 27 14; Vir
V = 14.3; Size 2.0'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 173°
48" (2/28/19): at 488x; almost moderately bright and large, edge-on 6:1 nearly N-S, at least 1.2'x0.2', brighter elongated core, patchy arms. A mag 15.8 star is close off the NE flank [30" from center]. Situated 7' SE of mag 9.0 HD 106785.
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3099 = Sn. 235 on a plate taken with a 6" astrograph on 14 Sep 1900 at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost called it "bM, ex. 1.5' at 170°" based on a plate taken at Arequipa.
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12 17 25.8 +06 41 24; Vir
V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 128°
17.5" (3/24/90): moderately bright, fairly small,
elongated WNW-ESE, bright core, larger faint extensions with averted. Located 5' N of mag 7.9
The galaxy described above is misidentified as
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3102 = Sn. 6 on 30 Oct 1899
using a plate taken with the 6-inch astrographic refractor at Heidelberg. His position matches the galaxy
generally identified as NGC 4241.
But Corwin argues that the traditional NGC identification is incorrect
and it should be labeled as
******************************
12 18 46.0 -79 43 34; Cha
V = 12.8; Size 3.8'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 45°
25" (3/31/19 - OzSky): this nearby galaxy (7.4 million l.y.) is located 25' S of mag 4.2 Beta Cha at the edge of the Chamaeleon III cloud in an obscured region. At 244x; fairly faint, fairly large, oval 2:1 SW-NE, ~1.3'x0.6'. The galaxy has a low surface brightness with no obvious core or zones but it appeared somewhat uneven or patchy with an occasional dim knot to the NE of center. A mag 13.2 star is superimposed on the SW side. A mag 10.6 star is 2.7' NW.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 3104 = D.S. 357 on a plate taken on 22 May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, cS, or v S Cl, * 12 sp 0.5'."
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12 17 58.1 +07 11 08; Vir
V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 83°
See observing notes for
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3113 = Sn. 7 on 30 Oct 1899 using a plate taken with the 6-inch astrographic refractor at Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4246. This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel, and his position is a few arcmin too far south, so perhaps Schwassmann and Dreyer assumed it was new or as Corwin suggested, both simply missed the earlier identity. Adelaide Ames listed in the identity in her 1930 catalogue of galaxies in the Coma-Virgo region.
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IC 3115 = NGC 4241 = UGC 7333 = VV 431 = MCG +01-31-040 =
12 17 59.8 +06 39 16; Vir
V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.9
17.5" (3/24/90): extremely faint, oval, very low surface brightness. Forms a pair with NGC 4223 8' WNW. This galaxy is identified as IC 3115 in modern catalogues and the brighter, western galaxy is usually catalogued as NGC 4241. My identification (NGC 4241 = IC 3115 = UGC 7333) follows the historical record.
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3115 = Sn. 8 on 30 Oct 1899 using a Heidelberg plate taken with a 6" astrograph. His position matches NGC 4241 = UGC 7333. This galaxy was discovered by William Herschel, and his position is pretty good, but the NGC position is not, so Schwassmann and Dreyer assumed it was new. Most modern sources identify this galaxy as IC 3115 only, though the NGC designation should take precedence.
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IC 3134 = CGCG 070-003 = PGC 39593
12 18 56.1 +08 57 42; Vir
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.4
17.5" (5/14/88): faint, very small, round, broad concentration. A mag 15 star is 30" NE. Forms a pair with IC 776 6' SSE.
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3134 = Sn. 41 on 12 Feb 1900 with a plate taken at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. He noted "vF, vS, E 0°."
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IC 3136 = UGC 7349 = MCG +01-31-048 = CGCG 042-005 = PGC 39601
12 18 57.4 +06 11 04; Vir
V = 14.3; Size 1.2'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 33°
24" (4/28/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 30"x12", even surface brightness. Located 8' NW of NGC 4260.
Auguste Voigt discovered IC 3136 = Voigt 2 = Sn. 2, along
with
Arnold Schwassmann discovered the galaxy on a plate taken on 5 Apr 1894 at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Bigourdan found it again visually on 31 Mar 1902. Schwassmann (Sn. 2) was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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12 18 54.7 +12 28 12; Vir
V = 16.5; Size 1.0'x0.15'; PA = 44°
82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 400x; low
surface brightness, thin edge-on, 5:1 oriented SW-NE, ~40"x8". Forms a line-of-sight pair with
Royal Frost discovered IC 3137 = F. 858, along with IC 3138, on a plate taken on 7 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He described it accurately as a "streak extending 1' at 45°."
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12 18 56.2 +12 26 43; Vir
V = 15.7; Size 0.4'x0.3'
82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 400x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 15"x12". A mag 17.0 star is off the SW edge. Forms a pair with IC 3137 1.5' NNW.
IC 3138 lies a distance of 1.2 billion l.y. but IC 3137 is 4 times closer.
Royal Frost discovered IC 3138 = F. 859, along with IC 3137, on a plate taken on 7 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He described it as "R, bM, magn. 15.5."
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12 19 36.0 -26 08 44; Hya
V = 12.5; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 40°
14.5" (4/12/21): at 226x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, ~0.6' diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Located 3' SE of mag 8.4
Lewis Swift discovered IC 3152 = Sw. 11-136 on 1 Jan 1898
and reported "pB; S; R; bet 4 st sf and 8m * np." His position in his accumulated large
11th list is 2' SE of
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12 19 36.8 +05 23 52; Vir
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.45'
24" (4/28/14): faint, small, round, 15" diameter,
even surface brightness. Located 3.9'
ENE of
17.5" (3/28/87): at 220x; very faint, small, almost
round, diffuse. Located 3' E of
NGC 4259 in the
Hermann A. Kobold discovered IC 3153 on 8 Apr 1894 with the
18" refractor at the Strasboug Observatory. He noted "vF, S, NGC 4273 near." His position is an exact match with
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IC 3155 = MCG +01-32-003 = CGCG 042-022 = Holm 365b = WBL 392-011 = PGC 39708
12 19 45.3 +06 00 21; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 34°
24" (4/28/14): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
5:3 SW-NE, very weak concentration, 30"x18". Slightly larger than
17.5" (3/24/90): very faint, very small, slightly
elongated SW-NE, even surface brightness.
Located 2.2' SSW of mag 7.7
Auguste Voigt discovered IC 3155 = Voigt 3 = Big. 290 on 27 Apr 1865 during an observation of NGC 4269. His logbook measure was accurate, but none of Voigt's discoveries with the 31-inch silver-on-glass reflector at Marseilles were published or forwarded to Dreyer. The same night he discovered IC 3136, 16' to the NW.
Hermann Kobold independently discovered IC 3155 on 5 Apr 1894 (published in 1907), as well as Bigourdan on 31 Mar 1902. Bigourdan was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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IC 3171 = MCG +04-29-065 = CGCG 128-078 = PGC 39796
12 20 24.1 +25 33 38; Com
V = 13.7; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 55°
24" (5/30/16): at 225x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 20"x15", slightly brighter nucleus. Located 14' SSE of brighter IC 780.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3171 = W. IV-23 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. His position is very accurate.
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12 20 42.1 +29 20 45; Com
V = 13.1; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 150°
See observing notes for
Max Wolf found IC 3181 = W. IV-28 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903 and reported "pF, pL, lE 150°." His position matches NGC 4286, so it's surprising that Dreyer didn't catch the equivalence IC 3181 = NGC 4286.
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12 22 07.3 +08 59 26; Vir
V = 14.6; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.9
17.5" (3/24/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located 3' S of
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3211 = Sn. 93 on 13 Feb 1900 from a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. He noted "eF, S." Listed as NGC 4307A in the RNGC.
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12 23 14.0 +28 53 38; Com
V = 14.7; Size 2.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 175°
24" (5/30/16): at 225x; extremely faint, thin edge-on ~5:1 N-S, very low surface brightness, very slightly brighter elongated core, ~45"x9". Only visible part of the time, though pops clearly and can hold for a few seconds.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3247 = W. IV-69 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903.
RNGC, PGC, RC3, SIMBAD and secondary sources such as
WikiSky, Uranometria 2000. Atlas and Megastar misidentify IC 3247 as NGC
4338. IC 3247 is located 20' south
of d'Arrest's erroneous position.
Reinmuth also questioned if
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12 23 45.2 -34 37 20; Cen
V = 11.6; Size 2.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 23°
18" (5/28/06): very faint, fairly large, ~2'x0.8' SSW-NNE, very ill-defined glow without a well defined edge, low surface brightness, broad concentration but no core. Viewed at a low elevation west of the meridian, which may have compromised the view.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 3253 = D.S. 363 on a plate taken in 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vL, vE at 20°, little brighter in the middle." Based on photographs taken at the Helwan Observatory in 1919-20, IC 3253 was described as "F, 2.5' x 1', E 25°; compact spiral with fant sharp ncl like a star, the whorls are fine and have dark lanes between them."
NED notes: IC 3253 has the standard morphology of a multiple-armed spiral pattern in a highly inclined galaxy of late-luminosity class, of the M101 type.
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12 23 29.8 +19 25 36; Com
V = 12.5; Size 2.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 162°
See observing notes for
Royal Frost found IC 3254 on an Arequipa plate taken on 7 May 1904 and described as "B, S, R, planetary". It was reported as number 884 in Harvard Annals 60 and his position is 2' north of NGC 4336. Likely, NGC 4336 = IC 3254, though there is some doubt given the discrepancy in position. See Harold Corwin's IC identification notes for the full story.
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12 23 39.1 +07 03 14; Vir
V = 12.5; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.1; PA = 168°
17.5" (3/28/87): moderately bright, very small,
elongated NNW-SSE, bright core, stellar nucleus.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 3256 = Big. 291 on 23 Apr 1895. His position matches UGC 7466, which is often taken as NGC 4342. But see that number for the story.
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12 23 44.5 +12 28 41; Vir
V = 13.1; Size 1.6'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 88°
24" (5/29/14): fairly faint, fairly small, round, low surface brightness, very weak concentration, 24" diameter.
17.5" (4/18/87): very faint, small, round, very diffuse. Forms a pair with NGC 4351 16' SSE.
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3258 on 14 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Frost also recorded it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904. He noted "R, little brighter middle, diam. 0.7' (Sch 241)."
IC 3258 has one of the highest blue-shifts: -437 to -473 km/sec
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IC 3259 = UGC 7469 = MCG +01-32-040 = PGC 40273
12 23 48.6 +07 11 11; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 15°
17.5" (3/28/87): faint, fairly large, very diffuse. Located 3.2' ENE of a mag 10 star and 5' NNW of NGC 4341 = IC 3260 in the NGC 4343 group.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 3259 = Big. 293 = Sn. 16, along with IC 3267, on 23 Apr 1895. Schwassmann measured an accurate position (used in the IC 2) on 4 Nov 1899 using a plate taken by Wolf at the Königstuhl Observatory.
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12 23 53.5 +07 06 25; Vir
V = 13.2; Size 1.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 96°
17.5" (3/28/87): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~E-W, even surface brightness. Member of the NGC 4343 group and midway between IC 3259 4.9' NNW and IC 3267 5.0' SSW. NGC identification uncertain and identified as IC 3260 in CGCG and MCG.
Bigourdan found IC 3260 = Big. 294 = Sn. 17 on 23 Apr 1895
and his position matches
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12 23 58.8 +07 48 14; Vir
V = 13.4
17.5" (3/24/90): this number refers to a mag 13 star
1.2' NNW of the center of
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3265 = Sn. 48 on a Heidelberg plate taken with a 6" astrograph in 1900. His position corresponds with a mag 13.4 star 1.2' NNW of the center of NGC 4353. CGCG mistakenly places the IC designation (as well as IC 3266) on NGC 4353.
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12 24 00.2 +07 47 05; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 67°
17.5" (3/24/90): faint, oval SW-NE. A mag 13 star is 1.2' NNW.
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3266 = Sn. 49 on 20 Nov 1899
using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Heidelberg
observatory. His position matches
NGC 4353, although the NGC position is not very accurate. The position was measured on 3 plates
and there is no question on this identification.
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IC 3267 = UGC 7474 = MCG +01-32-044 = PGC 40317
12 24 05.6 +07 02 27; Vir
V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7
17.5" (3/28/87): faint, moderately large, round, quite diffuse, low even surface brightness. Last of five galaxies in the NGC 4343 group. Located 5.0' SSE of NGC 4341 = IC 3260 and 6.6' E of NGC 4342 = IC 3256.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 3267 = Big. 295 = Sn. 18, along with IC 3259, on 23 Apr 1895. Schwassmann measured an accurate position (used in the IC 2) on 4 Nov 1899 using a plate taken by Wolf at the Königstuhl Observatory.
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12 24 14.9 +08 32 16; Vir
V = 13.3; Size 2.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 40°
17.5" (3/24/90): faint, edge-on SW-NE, low surface brightness. A mag 13 star is involved at the east edge of the core.
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3273 = Sn. 95 on a plate taken
23 Jan 1900 with a 6" astrograph at Heidelberg. His position matches
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12 24 14.7 +09 16 00; Vir
V = 14.3; Size 0.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.4
17.5" (3/24/90): very faint, extremely small, round,
low surface brightness, just non-stellar.
Located just 2' SW of brighter
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3274 = Sn. 96 on 15 Feb
1900 using a plate taken with the
6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. He noted "eF, vS, ?." Identified as
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12 24 57.5 -26 01 51; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.0
14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x; faint, fairly small, round,
30" diameter, low surface brightness. At 226x, contains a very small brighter nucleus. A mag 14.5 star is close off the NE
side [0.8' from center]. Located
5' SW of mag 6.9
Lewis Swift discovered IC 3289 = Sw. 11-138 on 1 Jan 1898 and reported "eF; vS; R bet 7m * f and 8m * np." He was confused on the directions of the nearby stars; the 7th mag star is northeast (reported as SE in his 7th Lowe discovery list in MNRAS) and the 8th mag star is nearly due W.
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12 25 09.0 -39 46 32; Cen
V = 12.0; Size 2.0'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 43°
18" (3/28/09): faint, fairly small, round, 25"
diameter. Located just 2' SW of
Joseph Turner discovered IC 3290 = Sw. 11-137 on 16 Apr 1877 with the 48" Melbourne Telescope while observing and sketching NGC 4373 (p. 136 of his logbook). He noted "the south-preceding [IC 3290] shown above was not noticed by Herschel and is here considered as a new nebula. It is very faint as compared with 2928 [NGC 4373] - elongated and brighter at north-following extremity." Cannot resolve any of them." In a final list of 6 "New Nebulae discovered by Mr Turner" (end of his logbook), an offset is given of 9 seconds preceding in RA and 60" south with the description "extremely faint, very small, a little elongated; a little brighter at the following end." Pietro Baracchi reobserved this galaxy with the GMT on 8 Feb 1886 and called it "pB; S; lE; gradually little brighter middle." Neither of these two observations were published
Lewis Swift rediscovered IC 3290 on 30 Jan 1898 and reported Sw. 11-137 as "pF; vS; R; close p [NGC] 4373. Note." His note mentions this object (and others) "appear at first glance like double stars 6" or 8" apart." His position is 1 minute of RA too far west, but the identification is certain. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1900 (used in the IC 2). Swift is credited with the discovery in the IC.
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12 25 15.3 +12 42 51; Vir
V = 13.8; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 73°
24" (4/28/14): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated
4:3 WSW-ENE, 24"x18".
Located 8.3' WNW of
17.5" (1/31/87 and 4/25/87): very faint, very small,
slightly elongated, can just hold steadily with averted. Located 8.4' WNW of NGC 4388 and 10'
SSE of
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3303 = Sn. 244 on 14 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904. He noted "bM, magn 14 (Sch 244)".
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12 25 55.3 +15 40 49; Com
17.5": IC 3310 is probably a mag 14 star at the northwest
end of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 3310 = Big. 297 on 1 Apr 1894. He made an error for the position of his reference star, but once corrected his offsets matches this star. See Malcolm Thomson's IC Corrections and Harold Corwin's identification comments.
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12 25 33.1 +12 15 37; Vir
V = 14.3; Size 1.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 135°
24" (5/29/14): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW, 0.5'x0.25', low even surface brightness. Located 24' SSW of NGC 4388 in the central region of the Virgo Cluster.
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3311 = Sn. 185 on 12 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904. He noted "streak; 1.2' by 0.2' at 135° (Sch 185)".
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12 25 50.7 +10 27 33; Vir
V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 95°
17.5" (4/20/87): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated E-W, diffuse, even or almost even surface brightness. Located 26' NNE of
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3320 = Sn. 155 on 6 Sep 1900
using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory
in Heidelberg. His position
matches
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12 25 54.1 +07 33 17; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 2.4'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 156°
14.5" (4/10/21): extremely faint, very elongated 4:1
NNW-SSE, ~1'x0.25', only occasionally pops into view. A mag 10.3 star is 4.6' WNW. Located 25' NE of
Arnold Schwassmann discovered
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12 26 30.0 +08 52 20; Vir
V = 12.7; Size 2.0'x1.9'; Surf Br = 14.1
See observing notes for
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3339 = Sn. 99 on a Heidelberg
plate taken 23 Jan 1900. His
position matches NGC 4411, discovered by Christian Peters in 1881, though both
Schwassmann and Dreyer assumed it was new. See NGC 4411 for more on this number. Gerard de Vaucouleurs used the letter
suffixes
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12 26 47.1 +12 27 14; Vir
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.8'
24" (4/28/14): very faint, very small, round, 12"
diameter, low surface brightness.
Located 10' SSE of
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3349 = F. 904 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the 24" f/5.6 Bruce photographic refractor. He noted "vS, R, little brighter middle, magn 15."
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12 26 51.1 +13 10 33; Vir
V = 14.9; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 168°
24" (5/29/14): extremely faint, small, round?,
~20" diameter, very low surface brightness. Situated 16.6' NE of
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3355 = Sn. 251 on 17 Nov 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on two plates taken at the Arequipa station in May 1904. He noted "streak; 1.0' by 0.2' at 170° (Sch 251)".
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12 27 12.1 +09 24 37; Vir
V = 15.8; Size 0.35'x0.15'; PA = 154°
48" (3/1/19): at 488x; between faint and fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, ~15"x7". Situated just 40" S of the center of NGC 4424 and 0.3' SW of a 16th mag star.
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3366 = Sn. 105 on a plate
taken with a 6" astrograph on 15 Feb 1900 at the Königstuhl Observatory in
Heidelberg. His published RA is
about 4 seconds too large. This galaxy is too faint to be included in the CGCG
or MCG, so does not have a standard PGC number. As a result HyperLeda doesn't recognize
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12 27 37.3 -39 20 17; Cen
V = 11.0; Size 2.9'x2.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 45°
18" (3/28/09): fairly bright, moderately large,
elongated 4:3 SW-NE. Appeared
unusually bright for an IC galaxy that was missed by John Herschel. Located 28' NW of mag 7.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 3370 = Sw. 11-139 on 30 Jan 1898 and logged "pB; pL; R; 7m * with distant companion near p[receding]." Howe reobserved the galaxy in 1900 and reported "I see no "7m * nr p", but found one of mag 8.5, which precedes 15 seconds, 1.5' south." Howe measured an accurate micrometric position that was used in the IC 2.
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12 28 14.9 +11 47 22; Vir
V = 13.4; Size 1.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 110°
17.5" (4/18/87): faint, small, slightly elongated, weak
concentration. Located 2.2' S of a
mag 7.7
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3381 = Sn. 192 on 12 Sep 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904. Frost noted "bM, R magn 14 (Sch 192)".
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12 28 28.1 +12 49 25; Vir
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 73°
24" (4/28/14): very faint to faint, small, round,
15"-18" diameter, low even surface brightness. Located 15' SE of
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3388 = F. 918 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the 24" f/5.6 Bruce photographic refractor. He noted "R, little brighter middle, 0.2' dia, magn 15."
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12 28 27.3 +18 24 54; Com
V = 13.3; Size 1.2'x0.9'; PA = 70°
14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x and 226x; nearly fairly faint
(visible continuously at 226x), fairly small, slightly elongated, ~40"
diameter. A mag 15 star is just visible at the SW edge. Mag 8.5
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 3391 = F. 919 on 2 May 1878. His uncorrected notebook position was nearly 4' SE, very similar to other errors that evening. Stephan didn't publish an accurate reduced position, so failed to receive credit.
Royal Frost recorded IC 3391 again on a plate taken on 7 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. His description for #919 reads, "cS, vlE, suddenly brighter in the middle to a faint star [nucleus], ? spir." There is a faint star involved, though it's at the edge of the galaxy. The SDSS images shows a ring of HII knots with only a very faint, star-like nucleus at the center.
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12 28 43.3 +14 59 58; Com
V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 40°
17.5" (5/23/87): faint, fairly small, elongated SW-NE,
weak concentration. Located 14' E
of
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 3392 = F. 920 on 16 Apr 1879. His uncorrected position was 2' too far E (M85, the previous galaxy logged, was 3' too far E). Stephan never published the discovery, so this galaxy didn't receive a NGC designation.
Royal H. Frost rediscovered IC 3392 on a plate taken on 7 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the 24" f/5.6 Bruce photographic refractor. He described #920 as "possible spiral, elliptical, 1.5' by 0.3' at 225°, Bright star in the middle." The star is certainly the nucleus.
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IC 3393 = MCG +02-32-081 = CGCG 070-113 = PGC 41054
12 28 41.7 +12 54 57; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 132°
24" (4/28/14): faint, small, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, 25"x15", low even surface brightness. Located 15' ESE of NGC 4438 in the core of the Virgo cluster. IC 3388 lies 6.5' SSW.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3393 = F. 921 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the 24" f/5.6 Bruce photographic refractor. He noted "Elliptical, 0.5' by 0.2' at 125°, bM, magn 14."
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12 30 10.4 +10 46 46; Vir
V = 12.7; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 145°
17.5" (4/21/90): faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, almost even surface brightness.
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3427 = Sn. 158 on 6 Sep 1900
using a plate taken with a 6" astrograph at Heidelberg, and later by Frost
at Harvard in 1904. William
Herschel made the original discovery on 15 Mar 1784 (sweep 174) but his
position for H. III-40 (later
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12 30 59.7 +08 04 40; Vir
V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.5
See observing notes for
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3438 = Sn. 65 on 23 Jan 1900 using a plate taken with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4492 (on a different plate he identified Sn. 64 as NGC 4492) and Dreyer recatalogued Sn. 65 as IC 3438 without noticing the positions were virtually identical. CGCG, UGC, CGCG, RC1, RC2, and PGC all equate IC 3438 = NGC 4492.
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12 31 20.2 +14 06 55; Com
V = 13.5; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 20°
18" (5/12/07): this Virgo cluster dwarf was surprisingly faint and appeared extremely faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. Located 20' SW of M88.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3442 = F. 936 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the 24" f/5.6 Bruce photographic refractor. He noted "F, R, little brighter middle, 0.2' dia." It was also discovered on plates taken with the Crossley reflector in 1898-1900, but not reported until 1908 (Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII) as #457 of 744 new nebulae. Keeler wasn't mentioned in the IC II as the publication date was too late.
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12 31 32.5 +11 37 29; Vir
V = 12.5; Size 2.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 65°
See observing notes for
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3452 = Sn. 199 on 8 Sep 1900 using a plate taken by Wolf with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position (measured on two plates) matches NGC 4497, although both Schwassmann and Dreyer missed the earlier discovery.
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12 32 14.2 +10 15 05; Vir
V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x1.1'
48" (2/28/19): at 488x; bright, fairly large, round, 1.0' diameter, strong sharp concentration with a very bright core. A mag 15.5 star is 1.3' NE. Located 12' WSW of a mag 6.3 20 Virginis.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3468 = F. 948 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru.
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12 32 23.4 +11 15 47; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.9'
24" (5/20/17): fairly faint, small, round, 18"
diameter, very weak concentration.
Picked up 6.6' NE of
24" (6/4/16): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Located 6.7' NE of NGC 4503.
Royal Frost discovered IC 3470 = F. 950 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He noted, "bM, magn 13.5."
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12 32 36.5 +02 39 41; Vir
V = 14.2; Size 2.3'x0.25'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 36°
24" (5/20/17): at 200x; very faint, moderately large, very elongated 5:1 SW-NE, 1.1'x0.2', very low surface brightness, no core or zones. A mag 11 star is 1.5' SSE. Located 23' due west of NGC 4527.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 3474 on a photograph taken 25 Mar 1892 with his 20-inch reflector. He noted "pretty faint; elongated north following to south preceding; no structure or nucleus; 17th mag star on the north preceding side and a bright star on the south following side. 1894 March 25th."
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12 32 41.9 +14 03 02; Com
V = 12.7; Size 2.1'x1.8'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 30°
48" (4/5/13): at 488x, this irregular galaxy appeared bright, fairly large, irregular, elongated ~2:1 SSW-NNE. Unusual asymmetric appearance with an extension to the southwest, which includes a small HII knot (possibly double), roughly 0.6' SW of center. The overall size is roughly 1.5'x0.8'. The noted HII region was the site of SN 1970A. Located 25' SSE of M88.
24" (5/20/17): at 200x; fairly faint, moderately large,
irregularly round, elongated ~4:3 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.7'. Uneven surface brightness or knotty, very weak central
brighening with no distinct core or nucleus. Located 25' SSE of M88.
17.5" (4/25/87): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S. Appears diffuse with just a weak concentration. Forms a pair with IC 3478 8' N.
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3476 = Sn. 288 on 22 Nov 1900 using a plate taken by Wolf with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904. He noted "Fan-shaped, 1.0' by 0.5', bM (Sch 288)." Finally it was also discovered on plates taken with the Crossley reflector in 1898-1900, but not reported until 1908 (Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII) as #464 of 744 new nebulae.
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IC 3478 = UGC 7696 = MCG +02-32-126 = CGCG 070-158 = PGC 41614
12 32 44.2 +14 11 46; Com
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 105°
24" (5/20/17): faint, small, irregular round, diffuse, 0.4' diameter, very faint stellar nucleus. Located 17' SE of M88 and 8.8' N of IC 3476.
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3478 = Sn. 289 on 22 Nov 1900 using a plate taken by Wolf with the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. Royal Frost also reported it on a plate taken at the Arequipa station on 10 May 1904 and noted "bM, magn. 15 (Sch. 289)." Finally it was also discovered on plates taken with the Crossley reflector in 1898-1900, but not reported until 1908 (Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII) as #465 of 744 new nebulae.
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12 32 52.2 +11 24 15; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 0.9'x0.8'
24" (6/4/16): fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, fairly high surface brightness, 20" diameter, fairly bright stellar nucleus. Based on my size estimate, I only noticed the bright core region.
IC 3481 is the first of three in a linear trio (
Royal Frost discovered IC 3481 = F. 953 on a plate taken 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He noted, "bM, magn 13."
Fritz Zwicky first discussed the interaction between IC
3481, 3481A and 3483, in his 1952 paper "Luminous Intergalactic
Matter". It was also
discussed in his 1956 paper "Multiple Galaxies" (1956ErNW...29..344Z). The trio is identified as
"Zwicky's Triplet" in the RC2, although
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IC 3483 = Arp 175 NED03 = VV 43c = MCG +02-32-129 = CGCG 070-160 = PGC 41670 = Zwicky's Triplet
12 33 10.1 +11 20 50; Vir
V = 14.5; Size 0.85'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 177°
24" (6/4/16): faint to fairly faint, elongated 5:2 N-S, 36"x15", low surface brightness. Situated just southwest of a mag 10 star. Third in a linear trio (Zwicky's System or Triplet) with IC 3481A 4.1 NW and IC 3481 5.5' NW. The latter two galaxy are interacting, but IC 3483 lies well in the foreground.
Royal Frost discovered IC 3483 = F. 955, along with IC 3481, on a plate taken 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He noted, "bM, magn 14."
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12 33 45.0 +10 59 45; Vir
V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.45'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 125°
24" (5/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, ~45"x15". Contains a relatively large bright elongated core that
gradually increases to a small bright nucleus with direct vision. Situated 10' NW of mag 7.6 HD
109401.
Royal Frost discovered IC 3499 = F. 959 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He noted, "bM, wisps extend each side 0.3' at 130°."
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IC 3510 = UGC 7728 = MCG +02-32-142 = CGCG 070-173 = PGC 41803
12 34 14.8 +11 04 17; Vir
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 0°
24" (5/20/17): at 375x; very faint, fairly small, low surface brightniess, no structure, 15" diameter. A mag 13.5 star at the northeast edge interferes with viewing. IC 3499 lies 8.6' NE.
Royal Frost discovered IC 3510 = F. 963 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru. He noted, "bM, magn. 15, 10 magn. star nf." His position is accurate.
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12 34 55.9 +15 33 56; Com
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7
17.5" (5/23/87): extremely faint and small, round. Forms the fainter member of a pair 2' ENE of NGC 4540.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3528 = F. 970 on a plate taken on 7 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "bM, magn 14."
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12 35 41.2 +26 31 23; Com
V = 12.1; Size 1.9'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 125°
See observing notes for
Max Wolf found IC 3545 = W. IV-211 on a Heidelberg plate taken on 23 Mar 1903. His position is a perfect match with NGC 4555, discovered by William Herschel. Wolf mistakenly labeled a much fainter nearby galaxy as NGC 4555, and assumed he had found a new one. So, IC 3545 = NGC 4555.
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12 35 41.7 +26 13 20; Com
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 139°
17.5" (5/13/88): very faint, very small, roundish. Forms the east vertex of an equilateral
triangle with two mag 15 stars 1.3' WSW and 1.3' WNW. Located 17' NW of
17.5" (5/10/86): faint, small, roundish at 222x.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3546 = W. IV-222 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He reported "F, S, lE 150°." It was also discovered on plates taken with the Crossley reflector in 1898-1900, but not reported until 1908 (Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII) as #513 of 744 new nebulae. Keeler wasn't mentioned in the IC II as it was already being published.
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12 35 52.1 +27 55 55; Com
Size 0.2'
48" (4/7/13): IC 3550 appeared as a faint, very small,
8" HII knot in
Max Wolf discovered IC 3550 = W. IV-218, along with
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12 35 53.7 +27 57 51; Com
Size 10"
48" (4/7/13): IC 3551 is a faint, 10" HII knot on the west side of the core of NGC 4559, 0.9' WNW of center.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3551 = W. IV-219 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903.
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12 35 55.2 +27 55 38; Com
48" (4/7/13): this mag 15 star is off the south side of NGC 4559, 2.0' from center. IC 3550 = NGC 4559C, an HII region, lies 0.8' WNW.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3554 = W. IV-222 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. This is the only object he catalogued within NGC 4559 that is not an HII region or star cloud.
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12 35 55.9 +27 59 20; Com
Size 0.3'x0.1'
48" (4/7/13): IC 3555 is faint, 20"x10" HII
region in NGC 4559, extended NW-SE, situated 1.8' NNW of center in the
halo.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3555 = W. IV-223 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. The identification is certain.
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12 35 58.5 +26 57 57; Com
V = 14.7; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 177°
18" (5/12/07): very faint, small, slightly elongated
N-S, 20"x15". Located 2'
SE of
Max Wolf discovered IC 3556 = W. IV-225 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He reported "F, S, R, bM." Although his position is accurate, the NGC 2000, MCG and PGC misidentify IC 3556 as NGC 4558 and CGCG and UGC "Notes" misidentify IC 3556 as NGC 4563!
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12 36 03.4 +26 59 14; Com
V = 15.7; Size 0.5'x0.2'; PA = 69°
18" (5/12/07): this marginal object was only glimpsed knowing the exact location in the NGC 4556 group. Located 2.4' E of NGC 4558 and 1.7' NE of IC 3556 in a tight group of a half dozen galaxies.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3559 = W. IV-226 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He reported "vF, vS, R, bM." MCG, PGC and HyperLeda omit the NGC label, although the identification is certain.
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12 36 04.8 +26 53 58; Com
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 71°
18" (5/12/07): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Located 4.2' ESE of NGC 4556 in a small group of galaxies.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3561 = W. IV-228 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He reported "cF, vS, R, bM *."
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12 36 07.2 +27 55 38; Com
Size 6"
48" (4/7/13): IC 3563 is a very compact HII region and
Max Wolf discovered IC 3563 = W. IV-229 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903.
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12 36 08.1 +27 55 42; Com
Size 15"
48" (4/7/13): IC 3564 is a stellar association attached to IC 3563 near the southeast end of NGC 4559. At 375x, both objects were easily visible, but not resolved, as a fairly faint 20" patch, 3' from center.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3564 = W. IV-230 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903.
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12 33 06.7 +82 33 50; Cam
V = 10.6; Size 18"
48" (11/1/13 and 4/29/22): at 488x unfiltered; extremely high surface brightness disc, ~8" diameter. The mag 13.5 central star was only occasionally visible in very soft seeing. A fairly bright outer halo increased the diameter 2.5 times to roughly 20". A mag 13 star is just off the west side, ~15" from center (forms the double A 9001).
18" (11/7/07): at 450x unfiltered a very bright, high surface brightness disc 6"-8" in diameter is surrounded by a much fainter 15"-18" halo. With direct vision, the difficult mag 13.5 central star was sometimes visible within the very high surface brightness glow. The outer envelope appeared round, though with a uneven or fuzzy edge. A mag 13.5-14 star is close off the west edge just 15" from the center and a mag 11.5 star lies 1.6' SSW.
18" (2/16/07): at 323x unfiltered, this small planetary is dominated by a 6"-8" high surface brightness disc. Surrounding this well-defined disc is a much fainter, round outer halo of 15"-18". A mag 13.5 star is just off the west edge of this outer halo. With direct vision what appeared to be the central star occasionally popped out in the center of the very high surface brightness glow.
17.5" (5/15/99): at 220x unfiltered, appears as a very small, high surface brightness disc, ~10" diameter with a mag 13.5-14 star close off the west edge. At 380x, the disc is concentrated to a quasi-stellar nucleus, but it was difficult to distinguish the central star due to the high surface brightness glow. Surrounding the central region is a much fainter, round, outer shell that increases the diameter to 15"-20". Seeing not steady enough for higher power.
13.1" (3/17/85): at 144x; bright, small, round, high surface brightness disc 15" diameter. A mag 13.5 star is almost in contact at the west edge 15" from the center.
8": just non-stellar at 100x, definite disc seen at 165x. This planetary can take high power due to its high surface brightness.
Robert G. Aitken discovered IC 3568 visually on 31 Aug 1900 while examining Comet Borrelly-Brooks (1900 b) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. The next night he examined it with the 36-inch and found a nebulous star or planetary with a mag 10.5-11 central star (BD +83°.357) within a 5"-6" halo. He noted it formed a 14.8" double (A 9001) with a mag 13 star. This object is Aitken's only discovery in the IC.
Based on Crossley photographs at Lick, Curtis (1918) reported "the nucleus is surrounded by very bright matter in a disk 18" in diameter, apparently perfectly round, and fading out a little at the edges."
In the 1956 book "Gaseous Nebulae", Lawrence Aller
stated that IC 3568 most closely approximated the "theoretician's
planetary nebula". The 1987
study "The shapes and shaping of the planetary nebulae IC 3568,
Brian Skiff notes the UGC misidentification (
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12 36 08.2 +19 19 20; Com
V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 30°
See observing notes for
Royal Frost found IC 3569 = F.978 on a plate taken 9 May 1904 at Arequipa on a Bruce 24-inch plate. He reported it in Harvard Annals 60 as new, though his position is just 11 seconds of RA east of NGC 4561. Dreyer apparently thought it was new, but NGC 4561 = IC 3569.
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12 36 37.7 +06 37 15; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 2.3'x2.1'; Surf Br = 15.0
24" (5/20/17): very faint, moderately large, very diffuse, very low surface brightness, ~1' diameter. On the SDSS, this galaxy appears to be a blue, barred Magellanic-type irregular.
Arnold Schwassmann discovered IC 3576 on a plate taken 8 Nov 1899 with the 6" astrograph at the Konigstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position is accurate.
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12 36 43.5 +13 15 34; Vir
V = 12.8; Size 2.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 0°
24" (6/4/16): at 322x; faint, fairly small, roughly
oval 5:3 N-S, low even surface brightness, diffuse appearance with no
structure. A mag 13 star is at the
southeast edge and a mag 11 star is 1' NE of the geometric center. Located 6' NNW of
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 3583 on a photograph taken 29 Apr 1892 with a 20" reflector at his Starfield observatory in Crowborough, Sussex. He described "a streak of nebulosity extending in north preceding direction from a 13th mag star; two 12th mag stars near, and the faint comes of the one on the north following side seems to touch the nebulosity." Frost also catalogued it based on a plate taken 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "Elliptical, 1.1' x 0.2' at 185°, a 13 mag * f[ollows] 2 or 3 s[econds]."
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12 36 39.9 +26 49 48; Com
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 126°
18" (5/12/07): faint, small, round, 20" diameter, weak even concentration. A mag 12-12.5 star lies 0.8' S. Located 13' SE of NGC 4556 in a group.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3585 = W. IV-239 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He noted "cF, S, neb *."
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12 36 56.4 +14 13 02; Com
V = 11.3; Size 3.6'x3.2'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 55°
See observing notes for
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3588 = Sn. 293 on 12 Sep 1900 using a plate taken by Wolf the 6" astrograph at the Königstuhl Observatory in Heidelberg. His position matches NGC 4571, although he misidentified the nearby 14th mag star to the west (Sn. 292) as NGC 4571 and assumed Sn. 293 was new, despite a good position in the NGC. So, IC 3588 = NGC 4571.
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12 37 41.1 +27 07 44; Com
Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 134°
18" (5/12/07): very faint, extremely small, round, 10" diameter. Located to the NE of the core of the NGC 4556 group (29' NE of NGC 4556).
Max Wolf discovered IC 3600 = W. IV-240 on a Heidelberg plate taken 23 Mar 1903. He noted "F, vS, neb *."
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12 40 52.9 -36 45 21; Cen
V = 12.2; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.4
24" (5/22/17): moderately bright, fairly small, round,
0.6' diameter, small bright nucleus.
A mag 13.5 star is off the southwest edge [37" from center]. IC 3639 forms a pair with ring galaxy
ESO 381-009 appeared very faint, very small, roundish, 20" diameter. Only the core/nucleus was seen and not the halo/ring. A mag 13.7 is at the east edge [25" from center].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 3639 = Sw. 11-140 on 15 Feb 1898 and recorded "pF; pS; 2 or 3 vF st in contact." Herbert Howe reobserved this object in 1900 and reported "Instead of "2 or 3 vF st in contact," I noticed only one of mag 12.5 south and a little preceding." Howe's micrometric position is accurate.
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12 41 15.7 +11 23 14; Vir
V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.7'
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter. Moderate surface brightness with only a broad, weak concentration and no distinct core/nucleus. Located 19' SW of M59.
Royal Frost discovered IC 3653 on taken 10 May 1904. His position is accurate.
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12 41 39.4 +12 14 51; Vir
V = 15.1; Size 0.9'x0.55'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 175°
24" (5/24/20): at 225x; extremely faint, small, roundish, very low even surface brightness, 15"-20" diameter. Located 19' WSW of NGC 4640 and 22' SSW of IC 810.
Royal Frost discovered IC 3663 = F. 1014 on a plate taken at
Harvard's Arequipa Station on 10 May 1904. This galaxy is not in PGC and HyperLEDA fails to label PGC
42586 as IC 3663. Corwin notes IC
3663 has sometimes been misapplied to
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12 41 32.5 +41 09 02; CVn
V = 10.8; Size 4.2'x3.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 25°
See observing notes for
Max Wolf found IC 3667 = W. V. 1 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is identical to NGC 4618, so apparently both Wolf and Dreyer completely missed the earlier identity.
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12 41 32.9 +41 07 26; CVn
V = 14.9; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 31°
48" (4/7/13): IC 3668 is a bright, elongated HII region(s) at the south end of the singe prominent arm of NGC 4618 = Arp 23, ~20"x10". Situated 1.7' S of center.
18" (5/15/10): extending mostly to the south side of the central bar of NGC 4618 is a faint, beefy arm that often appears detached and barely connected on the east end of the central region. This broad arm winds counterclockwise from east to south roughly 100° with IC 3668, the brightest region or knot, near the south end of the arm, ~1.8' from the center of the bar.
William Herschel possibly discovered IC 3668 = Wolf V-2 on 9 Apr 1787 in his observation of NGC 4618. He recorded "Two. The most north considerably or very bright. The most south pretty bright. Their nebulosities run into each other; the most north very much brighter in the middle." The southern object may be IC 3668, the HII complex on the south end of the galaxy, or it could refer to the halo on the south side.
John Herschel also called this galaxy double. On 12 Apr 1830 he logged, "Double; a bright, large nebula, gradually brighter middle, with a faint one attached, 70° sf, so as to run together into one; moonlight." JH included two GC designations, but Dreyer combined them in the NGC.
NGC 4618 was observed several times at Birr Castle and two knots were clearly noted on the south side, probably IC 3668 and 3669. On 10 Apr 1855, R.J. Mitchell wrote, "The s branch is patchy, having 2 B spots near p end." Three nights later he added "Seen as before, I susp a * in the f of the 2 knots in s branch." On 27 Mar 1868, C.E. Burton remarked, "The s end of annulus suspected to have two B patches in it." Max Wolf independently discovered IC 3668 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903 and is credited in the IC. He noted "pF, pS, iF, N."
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12 41 35.9 +41 08 10; CVn
48" (4/7/13): IC 3669 is a brighter arc or section of the single broad arm on the southeast side about 1' SE of the core of NGC 4618.
R.J. Mitchell probably discovered IC 3669, along with IC 3668, during an observation of NGC 4618. On 10 Apr 1855, he wrote, "The s branch is patchy, having 2 B spots near p end." Three nights later he added "Seen as before, I susp a * in the f of the 2 knots in s branch." A later observation in 1868 by C.E. Burton also noted, "The s end of annulus suspected to have two B patches in it.; S st inv." Max Wolf independently discovered IC 3669 = W. V-3 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. Wolf is credited with the discovery in the IC.
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IC 3672 = IC 809 = UGC 7863 = MCG +02-32-184 = CGCG 070-225 = PGC 42638
12 42 08.7 +11 45 15; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.9'
48" (4/19/17): at 697x; moderately to fairly bright, fairly large, slightly elongated 5:4 NW-SE, contains a large brighter core but no nucleus, and a low surface brightness outer halo ~50"x40". A mag 10.9 star is 1.2' SSW. Picked up 6.6' NNE of M59.
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, fairly even surface brightness. Situated 1.2' NNE of an 11th magnitude star and 6.5' NNE of M59.
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3672 = Sn. 213 on a plate taken by Max Wolf with a 6-inch astrograph at the Heidelberg Observatory in Sep 1900. He noted "F, S, R, li[ke] *12." His position (2 measures) matches IC 809 = UGC 7863, which was discovered by Swift on 6 May 1888. Despite the earlier discovery by Swift, CGCG, UGC and MCG all identify this galaxy as IC 3672, though IC 809 should be the primary designation.
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12 41 52.7 +41 16 26; CVn
V = 12.3; Size 2.2'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.8
See observing notes for
Max Wolf found IC 3675 = W. V. 4 on a Heidelberg plate taken on 21 Mar 1803. His position matches NGC 4625, but both Wolf and Dreyer missed the equivalence. So, IC 3675 = NGC 4625 (similarly, IC 3667 = NGC 4618).
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12 42 37.2 +14 21 31; Com
V = 13.1; Size 2.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 30°
See observing notes for
Arnold Schwassmann found IC 3688 = Sn. 295 on 23 Nov 1900 using a plate taken by Wolf with a 6" astrograph at the Heidelberg Observatory. His position matches NGC 4633, discovered earlier by Edward Swift. Lewis and Dreyer assumed Sn. 295 was new, possibly due to the discrepancy in RA. All modern sources equate NGC 4633 = IC 3688.
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IC 3764 = IC 817 = MCG +02-33-020 = CGCG 071-039 = PGC 43126
12 46 56.8 +09 51 26; Vir
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.55'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; fairly faint, small, round, 24" diameter, contains a very small brighter core. Slightly smaller than similar IC 816 2.7' WSW.
Arnold Schwassmann rediscovered IC 3764 = Sn. 149 on a Heidelberg plate taken 20 Feb 1900 with the 6" Astrocamera. This galaxy was discovered by Lewis Swift, along with IC 816, on 5 May 1888. Neither Schwassmann or Dreyer noted the close agreement in position with IC 816. So, IC 3764 = IC 817.
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12 47 32.1 +54 22 29; UMa
V = 13.4; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 80°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 3791 = Sw. 11-141 on 23 May 1897 and
reported "eeeF; S; cE; [
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12 48 45.9 +35 19 58; CVn
V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 40°
16" LX200 (4/14/07): fairly faint, moderately large,
elongated 2:1 SW-NE, broad weak concentration.
17.5" (4/28/89): fairly faint, elongated SW-NE,
gradually brighter halo. Located
6.2' WNW of mag 7.7
17.5": fairly faint, fairly small, elongated SSW-NNE, weak concentration. Located 7' W of mag 8 star.
Max Wolf found IC 3804 on a Heidelberg plate taken on 21 Mar
1903. His position and description matches
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12 48 55.5 +14 54 28; Com
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 177°
17.5" (5/14/94): faint, small, elongated 2:1 N-S,
1.0'x0.5', no concentration. A mag
10 star is 9.1' SSE. Picked up
viewing
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3806 = F. 1039 on two plates taken from May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "R, 0.2' diam, bM, mag 13.5."
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12 50 02.3 -25 55 14; Hya
V = 12.7; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 179°
14.5" (4/12/21): at 158x and 226x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, small brighter core/nucleus. A small group of 5 mag 13-14 star is a couple of arc minutes E. Mag 8.4 HD 111530 is 5' NNE.
Member of a group (LGG 310) of mostly ESO galaxies, but which also includes NGC 4831.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 3813 = Sw. 11-143 on 1 Jan 1898 and recorded "eeeF; S; E; 8m * nf." His position was 18 seconds of time too large, but accurate in declination and an 8th magnitude star is 5' NNE. Howe measured an accurate position the following year that was used in the IC2.
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12 50 52.1 -14 29 31; Crv
V = 13.4; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 60°
18" (5/16/09): very faint, small, slightly elongated
~N-S, 24"x20". A mag
14.7 star is just 34' S of center.
Located 10' S of the
Herbert Howe found IC 3827 = Ho I-15 on 20 Apr 1898. He gave a micrometric position in the
notes to list III (MN LX. 2), though it's 5.5 seconds of time too large. According to Harold Corwin, Bigourdan's
#304 (later
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12 52 13.3 -29 50 26; Hya
V = 11.6; Size 2.7'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 9°
14.5" (4/12/21): relatively bright, moderately large and surprisingly easy at 226x. Contains a strong bright core with faint extension ~5:2 N-S, ~1.0'x0.4'. Two mag 14/13.5 stars, situated 2' NNE and 3' NNE, are collinear with the galaxy and several mag 13.5-14.5 stars are 2'-3' S.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 3829 = Sw. 11-144 on 31 Jan 1898
and wrote "B; S; lE." (11th AN list). The nearest galaxy to his position is
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IC 3831 = MCG -02-33-027 = PGC 43536
12 51 18.6 -14 34 25; Crv
V = 12.6; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 151°
18" (5/16/09): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
5:3 NW-SE, gradually increases to the center with a small bright core. IC 3827 lies 8' NW.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 3831 = Big. 301 = Ho II-10 on 14 Apr 1895. Herbert Howe independently discovered it in on 11 May 1899, noted "F; vS; R" and measured an accurate position (used in the IC 2).
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12 51 32.3 -13 19 48; Crv
V = 12.9; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 35°
18" (5/16/09): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.5'. Contains a round bright core that increases to the center with direct vision.
17.5" (3/16/96): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
2:1 SW-NE, 1.0'x0.4', small bright core.
A mag 14 star lies 1.1' E of center. In field with
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 3833 = Big. 302 on 15 Apr
1895. His position matches PGC
43560, which was likely one of two galaxies discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in
1882 and catalogued as
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12 51 32.3 -14 13 15; Crv
V = 13.6; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 85°
18" (5/16/09): faint, small, round, low even surface brightness. A mag 15 star lies 43" W of center. Located 11' NE of NGC 4727/4724 pair.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 3834 = Big. 302 on 14 Apr
1895. His position matches PGC
43559, a galaxy often taken as
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12 54 12.3 +18 57 05; Com
V = 17.9; Size 0.2'x0.15'; PA = 146°
48" (4/2/11): IC 3864 is one of the very faintest
entries in the entire IC. This
galaxy is located at the west end of
Max Wolf discovered IC 3864 = W. VI-80, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, iF, * 14 s 30"; many other neb about."
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12 54 19.6 +18 56 30; Com
V = 15.6; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 115°
48" (4/2/11): fairly faint, small, oval 4:3 NW-SE,
20"x15". Brightest of 7
in AGC 1638 along with IC 3864,
Max Wolf discovered IC 3867 = W. VI-83, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, S, iF, N."
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12 54 21.3 +18 58 17; Com
V = 16.4; Size 0.3'x0.2'
48" (4/2/11): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.3'x0.2'. Located 1.8' NNE of IC 3867 in a faint group of IC galaxies within AGC 1638.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3869 = W. VI-85, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, iF, N."
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12 54 25.7 +18 55 45; Com
V = 15.9; Size 0.4'x0.4'; PA = 13°
48" (4/2/11): faint, very small, round, 9" diameter. Located 1.6' SE of IC 3867 in a 5' group of 6 IC galaxies at the west side of AGC 1638
Max Wolf discovered IC 3871 = W. VI-87, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, R, bM."
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12 54 30.6 +18 57 47; Com
V = 15.9; Size 0.3'x0.3'
48" (4/2/11): faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. IC 3874 lies 1' ESE. A mag 16-16.5 star lies 1.2' ESE. Located on the west side of AGC 1638 in a 5' group of a half-dozen IC galaxies.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3872 = W. VI-88, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, iF, N."
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12 54 34.4 +18 57 25 ; Com
V = 15.9; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 101°
48" (4/2/11): faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Similar IC 3874 lies 1' WNW. This pair of galaxies is at the east end of 5' circlet of 6 IC galaxies on the west side of AGC 1638. A mag 16.3 star lies 22" SE of center.
Max Wolf discovered IC 3874 = W. VI-90, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, iF, * 15 sf 0.3'."
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12 55 00.3 +19 00 42; Com
V = 17.4; Size 0.2'x0.2'
48" (4/2/11): extremely faint and small, 6"
diameter. This galaxy was chosen
to track down as it one of the faintest galaxies listed in the IC! Located 17' ESE of mag 7.1
Max Wolf discovered IC 3886 = W. VI-98, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904. He reported "vF, vS, iF, bM.", with the note "Ch!! conn 1'n, &&, viF." Harold Corwin translates this description as "Very remarkable chain connecting 1 arcmin north, very irregular figure." Although there are two stars 1' north, they are not connected in any way to this extremely faint galaxy.
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12 56 43.2 -50 20 49; Cen
V = 10.9; Size 2.5'x1.9'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 10°
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at
260x, this galaxy appeared fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 ~N-S,
1.2'x0.8'. Sharply concentrated
with a very small, very bright core ~10" diameter.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 3896 = F. 1040 on two plates taken in May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "bM, magn 14."
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12 55 41.4 +27 15 02; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 177°
17.5" (5/14/94): fairly faint, very small, round, high
surface brightness, weakly concentrated, occasional stellar nucleus. Collinear with a mag 13 star and a mag
10.5 star 1.3' S and 3.1' S of center, respectively. Easily picked up 14.5' SW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 3900 = J. 3-1228 on 25 Jun 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
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12 58 10.4 -22 52 34; Hya
V = 12.6; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 170°
24" (3/31/22): at 226x; relatively bright for an IC
galaxy, easily held with direct vision, bright core, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 N-S,
~40" length. A mag 12.3 star
is 1.5' N and a similar star is 2' NNW.
Located 11' SE of mag 6.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 3927 = Sw. 11-145 on 21 Apr 1898 and called it "eeeF; eeeS; 3 vF stars north; 7m * south, another north preceding." His position is off by 3' (too far SE), but his detailed description of the nearby stars is a perfect match.
Herbert Howe followed up in his large series of observations in 1899-1900 with the 20-inch refractor in Denver: "This is larger and much brighter than the description "eeeF, eeeS" impllies. The nearest of the "3 very faintstars north" is of mag 10, and precedes 5 seconds, 1.0' north. The "7m *" is 10' distant." Howe measured an accurate position used in the IC2.
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12 58 12.7 +26 23 49; Com
V = 12.8; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 175°
See observing notes for NGC 4849.
Stephane Javelle found IC 3935 = J. 3-1230 on 12 Jun 1895. His position matches UGC 8086. This galaxy was originally discovered by Truman Safford on 16 May 1866 and listed as #23 in his discovery list (later NGC 4849). His RA was 8 seconds too large. Both d'Arrest and Spitaler also measured this galaxy, but neither gave an accurate position. CGCG mislabels this galaxy as IC 838 (a companion galaxy 1.9' north-northeast).
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12 58 36.4 +28 06 49; Com
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 59°
24" (6/3/19): at 322x; faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 SW-NE, ~24"x10". Located 3.8' SE of NGC 4851 and directly between two stars at 1.3' separation.
18" (4/20/12): at 282x this Coma cluster member appeared faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 21"x10". Situated at the midpoint of a mag 14.8 star 1.3' SSW and a mag 13.5 star 1.3' NNE.
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, very small, slightly
elongated. Located between two mag
13 and 15 stars. Member of AGC
1656 with the
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3943 = K. 2-7 on 28 May 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory.
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12 58 48.7 +27 48 37; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 80°
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, small, elongated 2:1
WSW-ENE. A mag 14 star is 1.1'
NW. Located in AGC 1656 with IC
3949 2.1' NE and
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3946 = K. 2-8, along with IC 3947 and 3949, on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory. He noted "F, pS, bM." and measured an accurate micrometric position.
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IC 3947 = CGCG 160-211 = PGC 44515
12 58 52.1 +27 47 05; Com
V = 14.5; Size 0.3'x0.2'
17.5" (4/21/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located in AGC 1656 with IC 3946 1.7'
NNW and
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3947 = K. 2-9, along with IC
3946 and 3949, on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg
Observatory. His micrometric
position matches
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IC 3949 = UGC 8096 = MCG +05-31-052 = PGC 44524
12 58 56.1 +27 49 59; Com
V = 14.3; Size 1.0'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 73°
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, fairly small, edge-on
SW-NE, weak concentration. A mag
12.5 star is 1.5' N. Located in a
rich section of AGC 1656 with IC 3946 2.1' SW,
13.1" (4/28/84): very faint, elongated. Situated between two stars in AGC 1656.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3949 = K. 2-10, along with IC 3946 and 3947, on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory. He described it as "F, pS, E."
******************************
12 59 06.0 +27 59 48; Com
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 41°
18" (4/20/12): faint, small, elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE,
~20"x12". Located 7' WNW
of
17.5" (4/21/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located 2' NW of the NGC 4864/
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3955 = K. 2-11 on 22 Apr 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, S, N 14 mag."
******************************
12 59 07.5 +27 46 04; Com
V = 14.8; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7
48" (5/10/18): at 610x; moderately bright, fairly
small, round, 0.3' diameter, very small bright nucleus. Forms the SW vertex of a small triangle
with similar
17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round. In a close trio with
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3957 = K. 2-12 on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "cF, vS, R, bM."
******************************
IC 3959 = MCG +05-31-059 = CGCG 160-218 = PGC 44553
12 59 08.2 +27 47 02; Com
V = 14.3; Size 0.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8
48" (5/10/18): at 610x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, very small bright core. Forms the NW vertex of a small isosceles triangle with IC 3957 1' S and IC 3963 1.3' SE.
QSO
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, very small, round. A mag 12.5 star is 1.6' NNW. In a close trio with IC 3957 1.0' S and IC 3963 1.3' SE, also IC 3947 lies 3.5' W. Located in a rich section of AGC 1656.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3959 = K. 2-13 on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "F, pS, R, little brighter in the middle."
******************************
IC 3960 = MCG +05-31-055 = CGCG 160-219 = PGC 44551
12 59 07.9 +27 51 18; Com
V = 14.9; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7
17.5" (4/21/90): extremely faint, very small,
round. Located 8.8' SW of
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3960 = K. 2-14 on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, pS, diffic."
******************************
12 59 01.8 +34 51 39; CVn
V = 12.3; Size 4.0'x1.5'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 15°
48" (4/7/13): very unusual appearance at 488x as the galaxy
is dominated by a very high surface brightness HII region (
17.5" (1/23/93): faint, very elongated SSW-NNE, even low surface brightness. Located between two mag 12 stars at low power. The "star" at the SSW end is slightly nebulous at 166x and appears as a definite nonstellar knot at 332x. UGC and CGCG misidentify this HII region as NGC 4861 (and the galaxy as IC 3961). This is one of the few extragalactic HII regions which responds to OIII filtration.
13.1" (2/23/85): faint, elongated streak SSW-NNE. Stretches between two 12th magnitude "stars". The star at the south end is actually a giant HII region and it appears slightly fuzzy at 166x and clearly nonstellar at 312x.
Max Wolf found IC 3961 = W. V-103 in 1903 on a Heidelberg plate. His postion, comments ("pL, pF, elongated in PA 30°) and note ("between two mag 12 stars") matches NGC 4861. Harold Corwin notes that one of the mag 12 stars is the prominent HII region. See NGC 4861.
UGC and CGCG identify the main galaxy as IC 3961 and the bright HII knot as NGC 4861 (Webb Society Quarterly Journal #45, July 1981). Although LdR noted a "bright little knot" at the south end, the HII complex was not given a separate designation in the NGC or IC.
******************************
IC 3963 = MCG +05-31-061 = CGCG 160-220 = PGC 44567
12 59 13.5 +27 46 29; Com
V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8
48" (5/10/18): at 610x; moderately bright, fairly small, oval 4:3 E-W, ~0.4'x0.3', very small bright nucleus. Forms the eastern vertex of a small isosceles triangle with IC 3959 1.3' NW and IC 3957 1.4' WSW.
17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, elongated E-W. Third of three in equilateral triangle with IC 3959 1.4' WNW and IC 3957 1.4' WSW in AGC 1656.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3963 = K. 2-15 on 12 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, vS, R, bM."
******************************
12 59 30.8 +27 53 03; Com
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.3'; PA = 160°
18" (4/20/12): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 20"x15". Situated 4.7' SSW of NGC 4874 in the swarm of small galaxies that surround 4874 in the Coma cluster.
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, very small, slightly
elongated WNW-ESE. Located in the
central core of AGC 1656 just 4.6' S of NGC 4874. Also first of three on a SW-NE line with
13.1" (4/28/84): at 220x; extremely faint and small.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3973 = K. 2-18 on 20 May 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "F, vS, R, N 13 mag.."
******************************
13 05 20.2 -35 20 17; Cen
V = 11.8; Size 2.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 10°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 3974 = Sw. 11-146 on 28 Mar 1898 and recorded "eeF; pS; lE". There is nothing near his position but exactly 5 min of RA east is NGC 4947 and Harold Corwin suggests IC 3974 is most likely a duplicate observation of NGC 4947.
******************************
IC 3976 = CGCG 160-226 = PGC 44603
12 59 29.4 +27 51 00; Com
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.2'; PA = 160°
18" (4/20/12): very faint, small, oval NNW-SSE, 18"x12". Located 2' SSW of brighter IC 3973 in the Coma cluster.
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, extremely small, elongated NW-SE. Located in core of AGC 1656 6.7' SSW of NGC 4874. IC 3973 lies 2.0' N.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3976 = K. 2-19 on 13 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "*14 inv in vF neb."
******************************
13 01 00.8 -32 26 29; Cen
V = 11.8; Size 1.9'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 165°
14" (4/4/16 - Coonabaraban, 178x): moderately bright to
fairly bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, 40"x30",
small bright nucleus. A mag 11.6
star is 1.2' NW of center, a mag 11.1 star is 2' WNW and a mag 7.9 star is 10'
SE. A 5' string of stars extends
to the south-southwest.
This galaxy is the brightest member of the galaxy group LGG
324, which includes three members of HCG 63 as well as
17.5" (5/22/93): fairly faint, small, round, weak concentration, crisp-edged. Forms part of the "Bowl" of a "Dipper" asterism formed by an 8' group of stars mostly to the south. HCG 63 lies 25' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 3986 = Sw. 11-147 on 31 Jan 1898. His description read "eeF; pS; R;
10m * nr nf." His RA is over
1.0 minute west of ESO 443-032 (the usual identification), which is not unusual
for discoveries during his last year of observing. But there isn't a brighter star near this galaxy, casting
doubt on the identification. A
good candidate is
******************************
12 59 46.8 +27 58 26; Com
V = 14.8; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 10°
18" (4/20/12): one of the numerous galaxies in the halo
of NGC 4874 (2.6' ENE of center), this member of the Coma cluster is located
about a third of the way from NGC 4874 to
17.5" (4/21/90): located in the central core of AGC
1656 between NGC 4874 and NGC 4889.
Extremely faint and small, round.
Forms a close pair with
13.1" (4/28/84): extremely faint, very small, between NGC 4874 and NGC 4889 in core of AGC 1656.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 3998 = K. 2-20 on 22 Apr 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, pS."
******************************
13 00 06.4 +28 00 14; Com
V = 15.1; Size 0.5'x0.5'
82" (5/5/19, McDonald Observatory): at 613x; fairly bright, fairly small, round, 15" diameter, very small, very bright nucleus. Situtated just 1.6' NNW of NGC 4889 in the core of AGC 1656.
17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round,
barely non-stellar, visible with averted vision only. Located 1.6' N of NGC 4889 in the dense central core of AGC
1656 with numerous galaxies nearby including
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4011 = K. 2-22 on 22 Apr 1895 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, vS, N 15 m."
******************************
13 00 08.0 +28 04 43; Com
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.4'
18" (4/20/12): very faint, very small, round, 12" diameter. Located 6' due north of NGC 4889 in AGC 1656.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4012 = K. 2-23 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."
******************************
12 59 59.6 +37 11 36; CVn
V = 14.6; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 3°
24" (6/4/16): the two close components (IC 4015 and IC
4016) of
Max Wolf discovered IC 4015 = W. V-136 and IC 4015, the two components of NGC 4893, on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported both as "D neb, eF, S, iF, N."
******************************
IC 4016 = NGC 4893A = UGC 8111a = VV 222a = MCG +06-29-009 =
12 59 59.8 +37 11 17; CVn
V = 15.4; Size 0.5'x0.35'; PA = 12°
24" (6/4/16): the two components (IC 4015 and IC 4016) were resolved at 322x. The southern member (IC 4016) is faint, extremely small, round, 6" diameter. The centers of the two galaxies are separated by just 19". A mag 13.5 star is 44" E and a mag 15.0 star is just under 1' SSW. Situated 11' SW of NGC 4914.
Max Wolf discovered IC 4016 = W. V-137, along with IC 4015
as well as
******************************
13 00 16.1 +22 33 20; Com
V = 17.0; Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 95°
48" (5/1/22): IC 4017 is the most distant galaxy in the NGC/IC with a confirmed redshift (z = .1773), implying a light-travel time of 2.2 billion years. At 488x it appeared very faint, small, ~12"-15". It was generally seen as a low surface brightness diffuse glow with an even surface brightness, but occasionally sharpened to a distinct E-W elongated shape.
Max Wolf discovered IC 4017 = Wolf VI-138 on a plate taken 27 Jan 1904. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 00 14.8 +28 02 28; Com
V = 14.8; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9
18" (4/20/12): this member of the Coma cluster lies
1.7' WSW of slightly brighter
17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located 4.1' NNE of NGC 4889 in the core of AGC 1656 and similar to IC 4026 1.6' ENE.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4021 = K. 2-25 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."
******************************
IC 4026 = CGCG 160-250 = PGC 44749
13 00 22.1 +28 02 49; Com
V = 14.6; Size 0.3'x0.3'
18" (4/20/12): located 5' NE of NGC 4889 in the core of the Coma cluster, this galaxy appeared very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter. Slightly fainter IC 4021 lies 1.7' WSW and a faint mag 15 star is squeezed between the pair of galaxies.
17.5" (4/28/90): located in the core of AGC 1656 and form a pair with IC 4021 1.6' WSW. Extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, even surface brightness.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4026 = K. 2-26 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "* 14 in vF neb."
******************************
13 00 13.6 +37 08 29; CVn
V = 15.5; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 176°
24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely or very faint, very small, round, 12"-15" diameter. Located 4' SE of NGC 4893 (double system).
Max Wolf discovered IC 4027 = W. V-142b as well as nearby IC 4016, 4034 and 4038 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported "F, S, iF, N, [NGC] 4893 np."
******************************
13 00 27.8 +27 57 21; Com
V = 15.4; Size 0.5'x0.35'
18" (4/20/12): extremely faint and small, round,
8"-10" diameter, requires averted. Located 4.6' ESE of NGC 4889 and 2.2' E of
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4030 = K. 2-27 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, vS, R, * 15 inv."
******************************
13 00 28.4 +27 58 20; Com
V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.28'; PA = 101°
18" (4/20/12): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, required averted vision at 322x. Forms a difficult pair with IC 4033 1.0' N. Located just 4.4' E of NGC 4889 in AGC 1656.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4033 = K. 2-28 on 11 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "eF, pS, R."
******************************
13 00 19.6 +37 02 46; CVn
V = 15.8; Size 0.4'x0.4'
24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely faint and small,
6" diameter. Near the visual
threshold though confirmed. Forms
a close pair with
Max Wolf discovered IC 4034 = W. V-146 as well as nearby IC 4016, 4027, and 4038 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported "cF, S, iF, N."
******************************
13 00 21.8 +37 02 22; CVn
V = 15.3; Size 0.5'x0.25'; PA = 168°
24" (6/4/16): at 322x; extremely or very faint, slightly elongated N-S, 12"x8". Slightly brighter of a close pair with IC 4034 0.6' NW.
Max Wolf discovered IC 4038 = W. V-150 as well as nearby IC 4016, 4027, and 4034 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. He reported "F, vS, iF, N."
******************************
13 00 37.9 +28 03 27; Com
V = 14.8; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 160°
18" (4/20/12): very faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 25"x8". Located 8' NE of NGC 4889 in the Coma cluster and surrounded by several IC galaxies in an oval chain of galaxies to the east of 4889.
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, small, elongated
NNW-SSE. Located in the core of
AGC 1656 6.9' NE of NGC 4889.with
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4040 = K. 2-29 on 8 May 1896
with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, S, R, = B
306?." Kobold's position
corresponds with
******************************
13 00 40.9 +27 59 47; Com
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4
18" (4/20/12): very faint, very small, slightly
elongated, 10" diameter.
Located 7.3' ENE of NGC 4889 in the large oval ring of galaxies that lie
east of the giant cD. Also
situated 1.5' N of slightly brighter
17.5" (4/28/90): extremely faint and small, round. Located in the core of AGC 1656 7.3' ENE of NGC 4889. Nearby galaxies include IC 4042 1.6' SSE and IC 4051 2.9' E.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4041 = K. 2-30 on 8 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "vF, pS."
******************************
IC 4042 = CGCG 160-255 = MCG +05-31-086 = PGC 44808
13 00 42.8 +27 58 16; Com
V = 14.3; Size 0.6'x0.6
18" (4/20/12): at 322x, faint, very small, round,
15" diameter, easily visible.
Forms a close pair with
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, extremely small, round. Located in the core of AGC 1656 7.6' E of NGC 4889. Nearby galaxies include IC 4051 3.2' NE and IC 4041 1.6' NNW.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4042 = K. 2-31 on 9 May 1896 with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg and recorded "F, S, bM."
******************************
IC 4045 = MCG +05-31-088 = PGC 44818
13 00 48.7 +28 05 26; Com
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 115°
18" (4/20/12): faint to fairly faint, small, slightly
elongated, 20"x15".
Located 4' S of brighter
17.5" (4/21/90): very faint, extremely small, slightly elongated, very small bright core. Located in the central region of AGC 1656 with NGC 4907 5' N, IC 4040 3' SW and NGC 4908 3' SSE.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4045 = Big. 307 = K. 2-45,
along with IC 4051, on 12 Apr 1891.
Hermann Kobold found it again on 8 May 1896 and noted "pF, S, bM, =
******************************
IC 4051 = MCG +05-31-090 = CGCG 160-258 = PGC 44828
13 00 51.5 +28 02 34; Com
V = 13.6; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 51°
18" (4/20/12): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 24"x20", very small brighter nucleus. Forms a pair with slightly brighter NGC 4908 2.2' SSE (the identifications of IC 4051 and NGC 4908 are reversed in most catalogues). Located 10' NW of NGC 4889 in the Coma cluster.
17.5" (4/21/90): located on the east side of the core of AGC 1656. Faint, small, slightly elongated. A mag 15 star is attached at the NW edge. Nearby cluster galaxies include IC 4045 3' NNW, NGC 4908 2.2' SSE and IC 4040 3' WNW. This galaxy is identified as NGC 4908 in most modern catalogues (except MCG).
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4051 = Big. 308 on 12 Apr 1891. Kobold went through the field on 8 and 9 May 1896, though reversed the identities of NGC 4908 and IC 4051 (he added question marks to his identifications, so he was uncertain). Dreyer used Kobold's position for IC 4051, which matches NGC 4908. But as William Herschel picked up the brighter galaxy (H. III-363 = NGC 4908), then IC 4051 should apply to the fainter galaxy to the NNW. As a result, the modern identities are reversed. See Corwin's and Thomson's identification notes for the full story and my notes on NGC 4908.
******************************
13 00 44.3 +39 45 15; CVn
V = 15.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; very faint, fairly small,
round, 20" diameter, very faint stellar nucleus. A mag 12.4 star is 0.8' N. Located 6.8' SW of
Max Wolf discovered IC 4056 = W. V-159a on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 00 58.6 +39 51 32; CVn
V = 15.9; Size 0.4'x0.4'
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Requires averted vision. Situated just 1.9' NW of IC 4064.
Max Wolf discovered IC 4062 = W. V-162 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4064 = UGC 8131 = MCG +07-27-015 = CGCG 217-006 = PGC 44867
13 01 06.7 +39 50 29; CVn
V = 13.1; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 31°
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, very small bright core increases to the center. The halo increases with averted vision
and appears somewhat elongated SSW-NNE, ~50"x35". The galaxy forms a right angle with a
mag 10.2 star 1.2' E and a mag 12 star 1.6' S. Brightest in a small group (AWM 6) of otherwise faint
IC galaxies. IC 4062 is the
closest at 1.9' NW,
Max Wolf discovered IC 4064 = W. V-164 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4065 = MCG +07-27-016 = PGC 44868
13 01 11.0 +39 44 40; CVn
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 177°
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; faint, small, round, 18" diameter, compact. Easily visible as the surface brightness is moderately high. Located 5.8' SSE of IC 4064, the brightest galaxy in the group (AWM 6).
Max Wolf discovered IC 4065 = W. V-165 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4068 = MCG +07-27-017 = PGC 44889
13 01 20.2 +39 53 57; CVn
V = 15.1; Size 0.5'x0.35'; PA = 70°
24" (5/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint but extremely small, 8"-10" diameter (core only?), moderately high surface brightness. Located 4.3' NE of IC 4064, the brightest in a group of faint IC galaxies (AWM 6).
Max Wolf discovered IC 4068 = W. V-167 on a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903. His position is accurate. This galaxy is misidentified as IC 4067 in PGC, HyperLeda and SIMBAD, despite Wolf's good position.
******************************
13 02 04.0 -07 36 10; Vir
V = 14.0; Size 0.6'x0.4'
17.5" (5/22/93): faint, small, round. A mag 13 star is just off the north
edge 40" from the center.
Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4071 = D.S. 367 on a plate taken in July 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, considerably elongated at 10°."
******************************
IC 4088 = UGC 8140 = MCG +05-31-102 = CGCG 160-102 = Holm 500a = PGC 44921
13 01 43.4 +29 02 41; Com
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 89°
18" (4/30/11): faint, fairly small, elongated at least
2:1 E-W (sometimes appear nearly 3:1), ~0.6'x0.25', fairly low surface
brightness. Located 5.6' SSE of
NGC 4913 = IC 843 and 5.6' NW of mag 8.9
Lawrence Parsons, the 4th Earl of Rosse, probably discovered IC 4088 = Sf. 3 = Big. 309 on 24 Apr 1865, while observing what he assumed was the NGC 4914 field. His diagram, though, matches a field 8° further south! If this identication is correct (proposed by Sue French), then NGC 4913 is a duplicate of IC 843, NGC 4916 = CGCG 160-107 and NGC 4912 is a duplicate of NGC 4922. IC 4088 is labeled "Beta" in the sketch and noted as the brightest of the nebulae and slightly elongated northwest-southeast. The actual orientation is west-east. See notes for NGC 4912. Truman Safford independently discovered this galaxy, along with IC 842, on 3 May 1866. Bigourdan made another independent discovery on 13 May 1895.
******************************
13 02 41.8 +21 59 51; Com
V = 17.9; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 17.0
48" (4/2/11): Wolfgang Steinicke lists IC 4107 as the faintest galaxy with a photographic magnitude of 18.5. The SDSS has several entries, so the photometry is unreliable. In any case, it is certainly one of the lowest in surface brightness.
It appeared extremely faint and small, round, ~10" (on the SDSS image it appears larger). The observation required averted vision and the glow was only occasionally glimpsed but the position was verified and I felt confident of the sighting. Located 1.4° ENE of M64, the Black-Eye Galaxy.
Max Wolf discovered IC 4107 = W. VI-165, along with several other faint IC galaxies within AGC 1638, on a Heidelberg plate taken 27 Jan 1904.
******************************
13 02 04.2 -11 22 42; Vir
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 170°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4134 = Big. 314 on 16 Apr 1895. THere is nothing near his position and this number was considered lost. But Corwin found the Bigourdan misidentified his offset star and once this is correct, IC 4134 = NGC 4920.
******************************
13 04 19.1 -07 38 59; Vir
V = 13.8; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.7; PA = 145°
See observing notes for
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4136 = D.S. 368 on a plate taken at
Harvard's Arequipa station in July of 1899. There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin suggests IC 4136 may be
identical to NGC 4942 and
******************************
IC 4156 = NGC 4948 = MCG -01-33-079 = Holm 505a = LGG 314-005 = PGC 45224
13 04 55.7 -07 56 46; Vir
V = 14.4; Size 2.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 14.9; PA = 130°
See observing notes for NGC 4948. Identification uncertain.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4156= D.S. 369 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in July of 1899. There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin suggests IC 4156 may be identical to NGC 4948 and IC 4136 may be NGC 4942. This requires he made an error of 1° 40' in the declination of both objects. Stewart mentions a position angle of 140° for this elongated galaxy, which supports this identification.
******************************
13 03 54.7 -11 30 18; Vir
V = 12.6; Size 0.7'x0.4'; Surf Br = 11.3; PA = 70°
48" (4/21/17): IC 4173 = NGC 4933A is the southwest
component of an interacting system.
At 488x it appeared bright, fairly small, round, 15" diameter. Strongly concentrated with a very small
bright nucleus and thin halo. A
tidal tail extension (either from
17.5" (5/17/90): very faint, extremely small, round. This is the fainter southwestern component of a double system with NGC 4933B in a common halo.
Wilhelm Tempel discovered IC 4173 = Big. 315 = NGC 4933sw
around 1882 with the 11-inch "Amici I" refractor near Florence, Italy. In his fifth discovery list, he
described in the narrative portion, "In case of nebula
Bigourdan independently resolved the two components (Big. 315 and 316) on 16 Apr 1895 while searching for NGC 4933, but he assumed these were new objects. Bigourdan is credited with the discovery in the IC. See NGC 4933 for this story. Gerard de Vaucouleurs assigned the letter suffixes NGC 4933A (for the southwest galaxy) and NGC 4933B in the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".
******************************
13 03 56.7 -11 29 53; Vir
V = 11.7; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 45°
48" (4/21/17): NGC 4933 is a double system consisting
of compact NGC 4933A = IC 4173 on the southwest side and NGC 4933B = IC 4176 on
the northeast end, separated by 45" between centers. At 488x, NGC 4933B appeared bright,
moderately large, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 SW-NE, ~1.0'x0.7'. Sharply concentrated with an intensely
bright nucleus. The north side has
a sharper light cut off [due to dust].
Located 7' NE of mag 7.9
17.5" (5/17/90): moderately bright, moderately large,
dominated by a bright core, faint extensions 2:1 SW-NE. Forms a contact pair with IC 4173 at
the west edge in a common halo (
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4176 = Big. 316, along with IC 4173 = Big. 315, on 16 Apr 1895. There is nothing near his positions for either object, but Harold Corwin found that Bigourdan misidentified his offset star. Once corrected his position corresponds with the two components of NGC 4933, with IC 4176 the brighter and larger northeastern galaxy. Gerard de Vaucouleurs assigned the letter suffixes NGC 4933A (for the southwest galaxy) and NGC 4933B in the 1964 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies".
******************************
13 06 56.5 -23 55 01; Hya
V = 12.6; Size 1.3'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 163°
24" (5/25/22): at 283x and 375x; moderately bright,
elongated ~5:3 NNW-SSE ~50"x30". Well concentrated with a small, roundish bright core and
stellar nucleus.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4180 = Sw. 11-148, along with IC 4196 (= NGC 4970) and IC 4197, on 27 Feb 1898. He noted "eeF; eS; R: 1st of 3" and his RA is just 8 seconds too small.
******************************
13 05 49.5 +37 36 16; CVn
V = 12.5; Size 6.0'x5.5'; Surf Br = 16.1
24" (5/22/17): at 124x; fairly faint, very large, very diffuse oval glow, roughly 4.5'x3.5' diameter E-W, This low surface brightness dwarf is a bit patchy or uneven but there no distinct core or nucleus was visible. A bright mag 11 star is superimposed on the southeast side and a mag 12 star is on the northeast side. IC 4182 is a nearby galaxy (~15 million l.y.) and a member of the Canes Venatici I cloud.
Max Wolf discovered IC 4182 = W. V-216 from a Heidelberg plate taken 21 Mar 1903.
Fritz Zwicky discovered the type-Ia SN 1937D in
******************************
13 08 47.4 -67 38 37; Mus
V = 10.6; Size 18"x11"
18" (7/7/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this bright, compact planetary was picked up by blinking with an OIII filter at 128x. IC 4191 forms the northern vertex of a small, distinctive triangle with a mag 10.6 star 1.1' SE and a slightly fainter mag 11 star 1.6' SSW. Excellent contrast gain of 2-3 magnitudes using the OIII filter. Without a filter, the planetary has that distinctive bluish color of planetaries and is slightly non-stellar with an extremely high surface brightness. At 293x a very small disc, perhaps 4"-5" in size is visible. The magnitude appears very similar to the mag 10.6 star 1.1' SE. Located 40' WNW of mag 4.8 Eta Muscae.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4191 = Fleming 107 in 1907 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 124).
******************************
13 07 33.7 -24 00 31; Hya
V = 12.2; Size 1.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 137°
See observing notes for NGC 4970.
Lewis Swift found IC 4196 = Sw. 11-149, along with IC 4180 and 4197, on 27 Feb 1898. He noted "eeF eS; R; 11m * near p[receding]; 2nd of 3." His position is just 10 seconds of RA east of NGC 4970 and the description matches. Howe reexamined the field the following year and noted "The "11m * nr p" is of mag 12, and precedes 11 seconds, 0.3' north.". Neither Swift, Howe or Dreyer suggested IC 4196 = NGC 4970.
******************************
IC 4197 = ESO 508-013 = MCG -04-31-036 = LGG 332-003 = PGC 45514
13 08 04.3 -23 47 49; Hya
V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 162°
24" (5/25/22): at 283x and 375x; moderately bright,
fairly large, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 N-S, ~50"x20", good-sized brighter
core (roundish) that brightens gradually to the center. Mag 7.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4197 = Sw. 11-150 on 27 Feb 1898. He noted "eeF; eS; R; 8m * 37 seconds following; 3rd of 3 [with IC 4180 and IC 4196 = NGC 4970]." Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1900 that Dreyer used for the IC 2 coordinates.
******************************
13 07 42.8 +24 48 38; Com
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 100°
See observing notes for
Stephane Javelle found IC 4198 = J. 3-1235 on 20 Jun 1895. His position as well as description ("F, cS, R") matches NGC 4979 = UGC 8209, though he added the comment "III 346 [NGC 4979] nr", implying he observed two objects. But there is only a single galaxy here, so IC 4198 = NGC 4979. Perhaps Javelle was misled by the poor NGC position for 4979. Dreyer was the first to suggest the equivalence in his 1912 NGC Correction list.
******************************
IC 4202 = UGC 8220 = CGCG 130-012 = MCG +04-31-008 = FGC 1568 = PGC 45549
13 08 31.6 +24 42 03; Com
V = 14.2; Size 1.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 143°
24" (5/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, 40"x8". Appears as a thin streak of moderate surface brightness. NGC 4979 is 13' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4202 = J. 3-1236 on 20 Jun
1895. His position and description
matches
******************************
IC 4205 = IC 853 = UGC 8230 = MCG +09-22-019 = CGCG 271-018 = PGC 45560
13 08 41.7 +52 46 27; UMa
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x1.0'
24" (7/23/20): at 260x; fairly faint, round, moderately large, ~0.8' diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter central region and a faint stellar nucleus. Overall the galaxy is diffuse with a fairly low surface brightness. A mag 12.4 star is 3.8' NE.
Lewis Swift found IC 4205 = Sw. 11-151 on 23 May 1897 and described it as "vF, pL, R". His position was 5' due north of IC 853, discovered 7 years earlier by his son Edward. His position was close enough the Dreyer questioned if it was the same as IC 853 in the IC description. It is, as there are no other candidates nearby and the description fits.
******************************
13 10 47.6 +29 42 36; Com
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 0°
24" (5/20/17): at 375x; very faint to faint, small,
elongated ~4:3 N-S, ~24"x18", low surface brightness, very weak
nucleus. A mag 15.2 star is 0.8'
SSE. Situated 5.3' NW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4210 = Big. 410 on 23 Apr 1897. He noted it was diffuse, 30" diameter, weak concentration.
******************************
13 12 11.2 +35 40 11; CVn
V = 13.3; Size 2.5'x0.5'; PA = 175°
24" (5/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly large,
thin ghostly edge-on, ~1.8'x0.35', very low surface brightness. No noticeable
bulge or core, though the central region is slightly brighter than the
extensions. Located 57' SSW of NGC
5033 and a member of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4213 = J. 3-1237 on 15 Jun 1903. His computed RA is 10 seconds too large.
******************************
13 17 42.7 -32 06 06; Cen
V = 11.4; Size 2.2'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 167°
24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 375x; bright, fairly large,
elongated 2:1 N-S, ~2'x1'. Very
strong concentration with a bright oval core and an intense nucleus. The halo faces out without a well
defined edge. A mag 11.2 star is
off the SSE end [1.6' from center].
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4214 = Sw. 11-152, along with IC
4219, on 31 Dec 1897. He noted
"pB; pS; R; 9m star near south following; north preceding of 2 [with IC
4219]." There is nothing at
his position but exactly 1 min of RA following is
******************************
IC 4219 = ESO 444-006 = MCG -05-31-044 = PGC 46363
13 18 29.7 -31 37 51; Cen
V = 13.0; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8
24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 327x; fairly faint, round, 30"-35" diameter, diffuse appearance with a nearly even surface brightness. A mag 11 star is 2' SW. IC 4214 lies 30' SSW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4219 = Sw. 11-153, along with IC
4214, on 31 Dec 1897. He noted
"eeeF, pL, R, 9m * near south preceding, south following of 2 [with IC
4214]." There is nothing at his position but 52 seconds (time) of RA east
(similar offset as IC 4214) is
******************************
13 19 40.6 -27 25 44; Hya
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 102°
See observing notes for IC 879.
Lewis Swift found IC 4222 = Sw. 11-154 on 28 Mar 1898 and reported "eeeF; eS; R; [NGC] 5078 near nf." There is nothing near his position, which is 1 degree south of NGC 5078, but making this correction clinches the identification with IC 879, found 10 years earlier at Leander McCormick Observatory. See IC 879 for more.
******************************
13 24 50.4 -30 18 27; Cen
V = 12.1; Size 2.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 9°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4233 = Sw. 11-155 on 31 Dec 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; trapezium near sf." There is nothing at his position, but 50 seconds of RA east is NGC 5124 and his description matches if the trapezium is due south.
******************************
13 22 59.9 +27 06 59; Com
V = 14.0; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 27°
18" (6/21/03): faint, very small, irregular round,
15" diameter. Brightens
somewhat to a faint stellar nucleus at 323x. Located 8' N of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4234 = J. 3-1244 on 11 Jun 1895 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.
******************************
13 23 27.5 +06 23 33; Vir
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 100°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4236 = Sw. 11-156 on 22 May 1897 and reported "eeeF; pS; eE; in vacancy; v diff[icult]." There is nothing at his position, but exactly 10' N is NGC 5118. The description "eE" doesn't apply to this roundish galaxy, though in his earlier discovery list 1 from Lowe Observatory he only calls the nebula "cE" or "considerably elongated". See Harold Corwin's notes for more, but IC 4236 is very likely a duplicate of NGC 5118.
******************************
13 24 32.6 -21 08 12; Vir
V = 12.4; Size 2.0'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140°
17.5" (5/19/01): faint but moderately large glow,
elongated 4:3 NW-SE, no central concentration. Located 11' due west of brighter
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4237 = Big. 317 on 9 May 1896.
******************************
13 24 25.5 +30 57 33; CVn
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 145°
18" (6/21/03): extremely faint, very small,
0.4'x0.3'. Low, even surface
brightness, requires averted vision.
Located 6.3' ESE of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4239 = J. 3-1246 on 30 Jun
1896 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. UGC has a typo and labels
******************************
13 29 47.6 -28 00 23; Hya
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 140°
17.5" (6/2/00): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2
NNW-SSE, 0.5'x0.3', low even surface brightness. Located 14' NW of
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4261 = F. 1056 on a plate taken 4 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "bM, magn 14."
******************************
13 28 33.2 +46 55 37; CVn
V = 14.5; Size 2.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 105°
17.5" (5/10/86): extremely faint, edge-on streak
WNW-ESE, averted vision required.
Located 20' SW of
James Keeler discovered IC 4263 on two long-exposure plates
of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick
Observatory. (MN, 59, 1899, pg
537). He described it as
"spindle-shaped; diam. = 0.2'." with an additional note "long
and narrow, with a bright, somewhat irregular axis." It was included in the 1908
Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue of as #667 of 744 new
"nebulae". UGC has a
typo and labels this galaxy
******************************
13 33 32.8 -65 58 27; Mus
V = 9.5; Size 185"x130"
See observing notes for
Williamina Fleming found IC 4274 = Fleming 93 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station in 1901 and reported it as new in Harvard Circular 60. Dreyer missed the equivalence in position with NGC 5189. The North Polar Distance in the IC has a typo of 115°. It should read 155° based on the original position, matching NGC 5189.
******************************
13 30 16.6 +47 18 52; CVn
Size 0.7'x0.15'; PA = 95°
48" (4/2/11): fainter of two IC galaxies very near
M51. At 488x it appeared extremely
faint, fairly small, edge-on 4:1 E-W, 30"x8". Located 4' NE of the center of NGC
5195, not far from the faint streamers that extend north from
James Keeler discovered IC 4277 on two long-exposure plates of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick Observatory. He noted it was "very narrow; length = 0.6'." It was included in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue as #668 of 744 new "nebulae".
******************************
13 30 27.5 +47 14 49; CVn
V = 16.6; Size 0.4'x0.4'
48" (4/2/11): brighter of two IC galaxies (along with IC 4277) very near M51. This small galaxy is located just 6.7' NW of the center of M51 and 5' ESE of NGC 5195. At 488x it was easily visible as a faint, small, round glow, 12" diameter, contains a small bright core. About 2' N is a triangle of mag 13.3/15.5/16 stars (sides 1'-1.5').
James Keeler discovered IC 4278 on two long-exposure plates of M51 taken in May 1899 with the 36-inch Crossley reflector at Lick Observatory. He noted it was "round; diam = 0.2'; central condensation". It was included in the 1908 Publications of Lick Observatory, Vol VIII, catalogue as #669 of 744 new "nebulae".
******************************
13 32 53.4 -24 12 26; Hya
V = 12.5; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.3
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; moderately bright,
slightly elongated, ~40" diameter, broad and weak concentration. The
appearance is a bit irregular and slightly mottled. Mag 10.7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4280 = Sw. 11-157 on 23 May 1898 and reported "eF; pS; R; vF * near n[orth] and brighter one nf [north-following]." His RA was 23 seconds too small, but the description is a perfect match.
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13 36 55 -62 05 36; Cen
V = 9.7; Size 4'
18" (4/1/19 - OzSky): at 182x; very elongated cluster in a triangular, wedge-shaped outline with the brightest mag 10.8 star at the NE tip. Five additional stars are close by to the south. Another small group of stars forms the west vertex, with these stars detached from the first group by a noticeable gap or hole in the cluster. A few additional stars form the eastern side of the triangle. Perhaps 20-25 stars in total were resolved.
Robert Innes discovered IC 4291 visually in 1901 using the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. He remarked, "this is a small round nebula about 1' in diameter, brighter towards the centre." Harold Corwin notes that although Innes' description seems to refer to a small nebula or galaxy, this is a open cluster spanning 4' or 5', with a brighter core of 2'.
Paris Pismis reported it as new in her 1959 list of 24 new clusters found with the Schmidt camera at the Tonantzila observatory and noted Pismis 18 as "Six stars brighter than 10.5m to 12m; the brightness of the members gradually declines."
******************************
13 36 39.1 -33 57 59; Cen
V = 10.6; Size 3.4'x3.2'; Surf Br = 13.2
17.5" (4/21/01): moderately bright, moderately large,
at least 2' diameter, round, bright core, stellar nucleus. IC 4296 is a giant elliptical and the
brightest member of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4296 = Sw. 11-158, along with IC
4299, on 30 Dec 1897 and reported it as "pF; pS; R." His position is 7' too far south,
misplacing IC 4296 ~2' SW of
******************************
IC 4299 = ESO 383-042 = MCG -06-30-017 = PGC 48057
13 36 47.5 -34 03 58; Cen
V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 58°
17.5" (4/21/01): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'. Moderate concentration with a small brighter core. Located 6' SSE of IC 4296 in AGC 3565.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4299 = Sw. 11-159, along with IC 4296, on 30 Dec 1897 and reported it as "eeeF; eeS; like D * one nebulous." Howe examined the field in 1900 and noted "of this the discoverer says "like a D *, one nebulous." I cannot perceive this appearance." Howe was correct - there is no nearby star, despite Swift including it in a short paper on "Remarkable Nebulae" in the 1902 Popular Astronomy.
******************************
13 35 25.2 +33 25 11; CVn
V = 15.1; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 163°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; very faint or faint, extremely
small, round, ~8" diameter.
Westernmost and smallest member of the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4300 = J. 3-1261 on 16 Jun 1903. His position is accurate. The other members of the IC 4304 group were discovered earlier on 1 Jul 1896.
******************************
13 35 35.8 +33 22 28; CVn
V = 14.7; Size 1.2'x0.3'; PA = 130°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; very faint or faint, fairly small, very elongated ~3:1 NW-SE, 21"x7", nearly even surface brightness. Located 5.7' SW of IC 4304 in a sextet of IC galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4301 = J. 3-1262, along with
******************************
IC 4302 = UGC 8580 = MCG +06-30-051 = FGC 1641 = PGC 47935
13 35 35.9 +33 28 46; CVn
V = 15.1; Size 1.4'x0.17'; PA = 126°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; extremely faint, fairly small,
very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, ~20"x5", very low surface brightness
requiring averted vision. Located
4.7' W of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4302 = J. 3-1263, along with IC 4301, 4304, 4305 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4304 = UGC 8586 = MCG +06-30-055 = CGCG 190-032 = WBL 457-001 = PGC 47980
13 35 57.9 +33 25 48; CVn
V = 13.7; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 41°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; fairly faint to moderately
bright, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 45"x15", small bright core, stellar
nucleus. Brightest in a group of
six IC galaxies including
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4304 = J. 3-1264, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4305 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4305 = MCG +06-30-054 = CGCG 190-033 = WBL 457-002 = PGC 47981
13 35 58.4 +33 28 26; CVn
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 173°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, small, round, 25" diameter, small bright core, stellar nucleus. In a group of IC galaxies with IC 4304 2.8' S and IC 4302 4.7' W.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4305 = J. 3-1265, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4304 and 4306, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.
******************************
IC 4306 = MCG +06-30-058 = CGCG 190-035 = WBL 457-003 = PGC 48015
13 36 19.6 +33 25 24; CVn
V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.35'; PA = 81°
24" (7/2/16): at 260x; faint, small, slightly elongated, ~15"x10" (core region only), very faint stellar nucleus. I didn't pick up the very low surface brightness arms. A mag 14 star (close double) is less than 1' W. Located 4.6' E of IC 4304 in a group of 6 IC galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4306 = J. 3-1266, along with IC 4301, 4302, 4304 and 4305, on 1 Jul 1896. His position is accurate.
******************************
13 36 36.1 +27 14 32; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5" (5/11/02): very faint, very small, round,
20" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 14 star is 1.6' W. Located 15' SW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4307 = J. 3-1267 on 7 May 1904 and reported "F, 25" to 30", elongated E-W, * 11 p 6 secs."
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13 49 05.3 -30 17 45; Cen
V = 11.3; Size 3.4'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 63°
17.5" (3/12/88): fairly faint, fairly small, oval
WSW-ENE, bright core, stellar nucleus.
Forms a pair with
Herbert Howe discovered IC 4329 = Ho. III-20 on 21 Jun 1900 with the 20-inch Clark refractor at Chamberlin Observatory in Colorado. He noted "F, cS, bM" and measured an accurate position, though he missed IC 4329A.
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14 05 20.6 -84 16 22; Oct
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 62°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; fairly faint,
moderately large, very elongated 5:1 (SW-NE), ~1.25'x0.25', brighter bulging
core, tapers at the tips. Located
20' NW of mag 6.8
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4333 = D.S. 382 on a plate taken 13 Jun 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, extremely extended at 40°, position approximate, susp."
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13 52 19.3 +14 16 19; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.75'x0.35'; PA = 106°
24" (6/12/18): at 282x; faint or fairly faint, small, roundish, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Member of the WBL 470 group with IC 946 10' S and IC 948 11' SSE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4337 = Sw. 11-160 on 25 Jun 1897 and reported "eeeF; pL; R; eee diff; 3rd of 4; others in Index Cat." His position is 2' too far NW.
******************************
13 52 54.5 -01 06 52; Vir
V = 11.3; Size 4.2'x3.0'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 15°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4338 = Sw. 11-161 on 20 Apr 1897 and recorded "vL, eF, C E n & s; in field with 5334. A F st close to each end of major axis." His RA is just 0.2 minutes west of NGC 5334. In his earlier Lowe Observatory discovery list, he has a note reading "This is a remarkable object. I have never seen one just like it. It resembles an elliptical planetary nebula. The light is evenly diffused, and the limb sharp as a planet. Strange, Sir William Herschel missed it, being so near his III 665 [NGC 5334]. Munich 9619 is nf 121 seconds." But there is only one galaxy here, so it's unclear what other object Swift is referring to. See Harold Corwin's notes. The discovery date may be 30 Apr 1897 as Swift stated in his second list of Lowe Observatory discoveries. There was a 6 month gap in his discoveries due to a trip back east and his wife's death.
******************************
13 54 22.1 +25 09 11; Boo
V = 14.6; Size 0.8'x0.3'
17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, round, 20"
diameter. Located just south of a
small group of stars including mag 8.8
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4342 = J. 3-1279, along with
******************************
IC 4343 = MCG +04-33-024 = CGCG 132-044 = PGC 49470
13 54 55.8 +25 07 22; Boo
V = 14.2; Size 0.7'x0.4'
17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, small, slightly elongated, 30" diameter, very weak concentration. Nearly collinear with two mag 10-11 stars 6.5' and 9' S. In a group of 7 IC galaxies as well as HCG 69.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4343 = J. 3-1280 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
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13 55 12.6 +25 01 18; Boo
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.8'
17.5" (4/13/96): very faint, very small, round,
25" diameter, low even surface brightness. Located 1.8' S of brighter
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4344 = J. 3-1281 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
******************************
IC 4345 = MCG +04-33-025 = CGCG 132-046 = Holm 556a = PGC 95536
13 55 13.4 +25 03 07; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 0.9'x0.9'
17.5" (4/13/96): brightest member of a cluster
including HCG 69 close following. Fairly faint, fairly small, slightly
elongated SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.6'.
Sharp concentration with a very small bright core. Located 2.3' NNE mag
11.5 star. Forms a pair with IC
4344 1.8' S. HCG 69 is less than
5' E. RC3 and PGC misidentify IC
4345 with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4345 = J. 3-1282 on 15 Jun
1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
He noted "cF, vS, R, N, stell." PGC and RC3 (and secondary sources such as Megastar
software) misidentifies
******************************
13 55 40.6 +25 09 11; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 0°
17.5" (6/8/96): very faint, very small, round, 20"
diameter, low even surface brightness.
First of three in a close trio with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4346 = J. 3-1283 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
******************************
13 57 44 -39 58 42; Cen
Size 4'x3'
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4347 = Sw. 11-162 on 30 Dec 1897 and reported an "8m * in center of eeeF nebulosity". He added the note "This is a perect speciment of a nebulous star, and the only one I have ever found, and a beautiful one it is." His position is just off the southwest side of NGC 5367 and the description matches. In his earlier 7th discovery list from Lowe he added the comment "An 8m star follows 15s, which was free from nebulosity." Swift included this object in a short article in the 1902 Popular Astronomy titled "Remarkable Nebulae". He wrote "this is a beautiful nebulous star of the 8th mag exactly in the center of a nebulous atmosphere, whose outlines are a sharp as the planet Jupiter."
******************************
IC 4348 = MCG +04-33-030 = CGCG 132-050 = PGC 49531
13 55 45.1 +25 12 11; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.9'x0.7'; PA = 131°
17.5" (6/8/96): faint, small, round, 25" diameter,
even surface brightness. Located
3.1' N of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4348 = J. 3-1284 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
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IC 4349 = MCG +04-33-032 = CGCG 132-051 = PGC 49530
13 55 46.3 +25 09 07; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.4'; PA = 119°
17.5" (6/8/96): brightest and largest of a close trio within the IC 4345 cluster. Faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 40"x25". IC 4346 lies 1.3' W and IC 4348 3.1' N.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4349 = J. 3-1285 on 15 Jun 1895, along with 6 others in the cluster.
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13 57 13.9 -25 14 45; Hya
V = 12.7; Size 1.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 136°
14.5" (7/1/21): at 182x and 226x; between faint and fairly faint, small, roundish (core region only). A mag 13.5 star is at the S edge and hindered the view. Occasionally, I had a brief glimpse of the outer halo. Two mag 10 stars are 4' N and 5' NW. Located 24' SW of mag 5.2 47 Hydrae.
48" (5/8/21): at 488x; moderately bright, contains a fairly small oval core 3:2 NW-SE, ~0.4' diameter. The outer envelope was faint and slightly more elongated, ~50"x30". A mag 13.5 star is at the S edge.
IC 4350 (often called AM -1310-250) is a collisional ring
galaxy with a active star-forming ring.
The collider (similar redshift) is likely
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4350 = Sw. 11-163 on 21 Apr 1898 and noted "eeeF; eeeS; like a D * n, n[orth] one a nebula." Despite being discovered within the last couple months of observing career, when many of his positions were quite poor, Swift was off by less than 2' in this case. He added a note (along with several other discoveries) that at first glance this nebula appeared like a double star.
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13 57 53.8 -29 18 55; Hya
V = 11.7; Size 6.0'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 17°
13.1" (4/10/86): fairly faint, very elongated streak 5:1 SSW-NNE. A mag 13.5 star is off the east edge of the core.
Robert Innes discovered IC 4351 in 1901 with the 7-inch Merz
refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. He was searching for
******************************
13 58 25.1 -34 31 02; Cen
V = 12.7; Size 1.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 88°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; almost moderately
bright (easy direct vision), very elongated ~3:1 E-W. ~50"x15". A mag 14.5 star is superimposed on the
NE side. A string of stars trending WSW to ENE is a couple of arc minutes
north, with a mag 11 star at the ENE end.
IC 4352 forms the S vertex of an isosceles triangle with mag 7.5 HD
121760 8' NNW and mag 7.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4352 = Sw. 11-164 on 19 May 1898
and reported "several eF st[ars] in eeF neb; 2 8m st n[orth]." His position is 3' SW of
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13 58 45.0 +37 29 28 ; CVn
V = 15.3; Size 0.4'x0.3'
48" (4/1/11): picked up while observing the beautiful
18" (5/3/08): extremely faint and small knot, 10"
diameter, required averted vision.
Located 4' NNE of NGC 5395/94 interacting pair (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4356 = J. 3-1287 on 19 Jun 1897. His declination is off by 1' (error in position of his reference star).
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IC 4358 = MCG -02-36-004 = PGC 50092
14 03 34.2 -10 09 04; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 1.3'x0.3'; PA = 112°
24" (6/15/15): faint to fairly faint, fairly small, thin edge-on 7:2 WNW-ESE, 0.7'x0.2', weak concentration. Located 4.6' WSW of brighter IC 971.
Max Wolf discovered IC 4358 photographically in Apr 1905. The discovery was mentioned in the note "Ein schöner Spiralnebel" (AN 168 [4013], 75), which describes IC 971. DeLisle Stewart reported the galaxy as found on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station, taken in 1899, but not published until 1908. It was described as "eeF, vS, considerably elongated at 110·."
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14 04 19.7 -09 59 36; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 75°
24" (6/15/15): at 260x; faint, fairly small, roundish, low even surface brightness, 25" diameter. Located 11' NE of brighter IC 971.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4364 = D.S. 387 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, R."
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14 03 47.3 +09 31 25; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 0°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4365 = Big. 319 on 12 May 1896
while searching for Tempel's
******************************
14 05 11.5 -33 45 38; Cen
V = 12.6; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (5/25/22): at 263x; between faint and fairly faint,
round, ~50" diameter, low surface brightness with weak central
brightening. A mag 10.2 star is
1.5' S and mag 8.3
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4366 = D.S. 390 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, considerably elongated at 170°."
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14 05 36.6 -39 12 12; Cen
V = 12.3; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.2
24" (5/25/22): at 263x and 327x; appeared fairly faint
at a low altitude (12°), oval 4:3 N-S, slightly brighter core, overall fairly
low surface brightness. Situated
in a rich Centaurus star field with mag 9.5
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4367 = Sw. 11-165 on 30 Jan 1898 and reported "eeF; pS; R; between 2 stars near center of trapezoid." His position is just 1' E of center.
******************************
14 04 05.9 +33 19 14; CVn
V = 15.2; Size 0.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.1
48" (5/12/18): at 488x; moderately to fairly bright,
slightly elongated N-S, ~25"x20", very small bright core, stellar
nucleus. This member of the
18" (5/15/10): at 285x, this member of HCG 70 appeared
extremely faint and small, round, just 6" diameter. Forms the western vertex of a small
isosceles triangle with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4369 = J. 3-1289, along with
IC 4370 and 4371, on 3 Jul 1896.
His position is an exact match with
******************************
IC 4370 = HCG 70D = MCG +06-31-060 = CGCG 191-046n = PGC 50138
14 04 09.9 +33 20 45; CVn
V = 15.3; Size 0.4'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 96°
48" (5/12/18): at 488x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration. Situated just 30" N of UGC 8990 = HCG 70A.
18" (5/15/10): at 285x the "D" component of HCG 70 appeared extremely faint and small, round, just 10" diameter. Just large enough to be distinguished as a nebulous object. Forms a close pair with HCG 70A = UGC 8992 just 30" S.
17.5" (4/18/98): faintest of three members of HCG 70 viewed with certainty. This object was just glimpsed as an extremely faint "star" just off the north side of the edge-on UGC 8990 = HCG 70A. This "detection" was repeated several times but was much more difficult than 70A.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4370 = J. 3-1290, along with
IC 4369 and 4371, on 3 Jul 1896.
He described it as "faint, irregular form, 25"-30",
gradually brighter in the middle, near a mag 14 star." His position is an exact match with HCG
70D = PGC 50138. Curiously, he
apparently missed
******************************
IC 4371 = HCG 70B = Holm 579a = MCG +06-31-061 = CGCG 191-045 = PGC 50140
14 04 10.9 +33 18 28; CVn
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.55'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 50°
48" (5/12/18): at 488x; bright to very bright, moderately large, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.4'. A mag 11 star is 2.3' due south. HCG 70A (often misidentified as IC 4371) is 1.8' due north.
18" (5/15/10): largest and brightest member of HCG
70. At 285x appeared faint, fairly
small, sharply concentrated with a bright core and faint halo 4:3 SW-NE,
~30"x22". A mag 11 star
(
17.5" (4/18/98): the largest member of HCG 70 group appears faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 40"x25". Situated midway between the HCG 70A/D pair 2' N and a mag 10-11 2' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4371 = J. 3-1291, along with
IC 4369 and 4370, on 3 Jul 1896.
His position is an exact match with
******************************
14 07 29.8 -27 01 04; Hya
V = 12.7; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 106°
25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): this galaxy is the brightest
cluster member in
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4374 = Sw. 11-166 on 21 Apr 1898 and reported "eeeF; pS; R; forms part of trapezium; not [NGC 5495]." His position and description is good despite discovery in the last couple of months of his observing career when many of his discoveries have very poor positions.
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14 08 03.0 -33 18 53; Cen
V = 11.9; Size 3.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 22°
18" (5/16/09): fairly faint, moderately large, very
elongated 7:2 SSW-NNE, 1.8'x0.5', bright core with much fainter
extensions. Located close north of
mag 9 star
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4375 = D.S. 393 on an Arequipa
plate in 1900 and measured an accurate position. John Herschel probably discovered this galaxy in 1837 and
catalogued it as h3558 (later GC 3796 = NGC 5488), but his position was
poor. See
******************************
14 10 57.2 +25 29 51; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 135°
17.5" (6/8/96): brightest member of
Stephane Javelle found IC 4381 = J. 3-1294, along with IC 4382, on 15 Jun 1895. NGC 5008, discovered by d'Arrest, is probably an earlier observation. There is nothing at d'Arrest's position, but Harold Corwin noticed that IC 4381 is exactly 1 hour of RA east. In addition, a mag 10.5 star precedes by 1.2 seconds (as per d'Arrest), though the star is ~90" south (not north). So, NGC 5008 = IC 4381, assuming d'Arrest made these two errors. See NGC 5008 for more.
******************************
IC 4382 = HCG 71B = CGCG 132-079 = CGCG 133-002 = Holm 598b = PGC 50635
14 11 02.6 +25 31 10; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 11.9
17.5" (6/8/96): faint, fairly small, elongated nearly 3:1 N-S, 0.8'x0.3'. Higher surface brightness than larger IC 4381 = HCG 71A 1.8' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4382 = J. 3-1295, along with IC 4381, on 15 Jun 1895.
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14 12 12.7 +15 52 08; Boo
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.45'
18" (6/18/04): faint, small, round, 15"
diameter. Forms a close pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4386 = Big. 416 on 26 May
1894. He noted it was glimpsed at
a distance of 1.5' to 1.8' in PA 340° from NGC 5504. At this offset is
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14 17 21.1 +26 51 27; Boo
Size 1.0'x0.8'
24" (7/1/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 30"x25", occasional faint stellar nucleus. A mag 11.7 star is 2.0' S. Located 11' WNW of mag 8.2 HD 125320. A faint edge-on companion at the west edge (apparently responsible for tidal distortions in IC 4395) was not seen.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4395 = J. 3-1297 on 14 Jun 1895. He reported it as "faint, round, 20"-25" diameter, stellar center".
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14 17 58.7 +26 24 46; Boo
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 165°
17.5" (6/2/00): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2
N-S, 1.2'x0.8', weak concentration, fairly low surface brightness. Located 10' NW of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4397 = Big. 419 = J. 3-1299 on 23 Jun 1889. Javelle found it again on 11 Jun 1895, measured it on 3 nights and both are credited in the IC. Bigourdan's Comptes Rendus table gives the discovery date as 23 Jun 1898, so Javelle may have been the first observer.
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IC 4401 = MCG -01-36-015 = PGC 51173
14 19 25.1 -04 29 21; Vir
V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 21°
18" (6/18/04): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~SW-NE, though the orientation shifted slightly with averted vision. Weak concentration to a small, slightly brighter core. Visible with direct vision, though mostly the small core remained. Second brightest of trio with much fainter IC 997 9' ENE and IC 998. Malcolm Thomson argues that this galaxy was likely the first of two observed by Swift and should be identified as IC 997.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 4401 = Ho. II-11 on 10 May 1899 and recorded "vF, S, mE 200°." His position matches PGC 51173. Malcolm Thomson argues that this galaxy was the first of two discovered by Lewis Swift (IC 997 and 998), and hence should be identified as IC 997, but Harold Corwin disagrees. See IC 997 for more.
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14 21 13.1 -46 17 52; Lup
V = 11.6; Size 4.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 127°
22" (6/28/06 - Hawaii): fairly faint, large, edge-on 5:1 NW-SE, 3.5'x0.7'. Fairly low even surface brightness with only a broad very concentration to a slightly brighter bulging core. Faint stars at both the NW and SE ends of the galaxy and a string of 4 stars mag 13-14 begins at the star at the SE end and curves away from the galaxy towards the NE.
12.5" (6/24/06 - Haleakala Crater): at 180x, this edge-on appeared fairly faint, very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, ~3.5'x0.7', broad concentration to a bulging core. Situated in a rich star field with a number of faint stars nearby including two mag 14 stars at the NW tip, a mag 13 star at off the SE end, a mag 14 star that is embedded just NW of the core and a mag 13.5 star off the NE side of the core. Located 23' SE of mag 3.6 Iota Lupi.
18" (7/5/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at
228x, this surprisingly bright and large IC galaxy seemed out of place in a
very rich Lupus star field. The
galaxy is very elongated 5:1 NW-SE, 4'x0.8', with an irregular or mottled
surface brightness (probably due to an equatorial dust lane which bisects the
galaxy), though there was no visible core. It nearly extends between a mag 13 star near the SE end and
a pair of mag 14 stars just beyond the NE tip. Located 6' NE of mag 9.4
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4402 = F. 1099 on 13 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "Streak, 2.9' by 0.4' at 125°, tapers to sharp points."
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14 19 16.5 +26 17 55; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 66°
17.5" (6/2/00): very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.7' diameter. Located just south of two mag 11 stars (closer star is 1.4' N). A mag 13.5 star lies 1.3' WNW. Located 11' E of NGC 5553.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4405 = J. 3-1303 on 14 Jun 1895.
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14 22 26.2 -44 09 03; Lup
V = 10.2; Size 100"x37"
18" (7/5/05 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 228x, this is a very striking planetary with an unusual appearance. The main body is bright and boxy, roughly 25" diameter with a bluish color. A number of mag 14 stars appear to huddle around the planetary including a mag 13.5 star at the west end and some additional mag 13 stars are within 2'. Much fainter extensions or wings are just visible extending E-W from the main body with the western wing slightly more prominent (though this may be due to the superimposed star). The wings are more obvious when a UHC filter is used. At 293x, three collinear stars are just off the west edge with the western extension encompassing the closest star. The wings increase the overall dimensions to ~60"x25".
13.1" (2/20/04 - Costa Rica): at 140x this bright bipolar planetary appeared fairly small, 20"-25" diameter with a high surface brightness and a bluish color. The outline is unusual, appearing somewhat boxy or rectangular in appearance. A faint star is just off the west edge. At 195x there appeared to be very faint extensions ~E-W, increasing the dimensions to 2:1.
13.1" (3/17/86 and 4/10/86): fairly bright and prominent with a Daystar 300 filter although viewed at a low elevation. Fairly small, 35" diameter, smooth disc. Visually appeared almost round although photos reveal a very elongated shape. No central star seen at 214x. A mag 13.5 star is just off the west edge.
13.1" (6/18/85): viewed for 1-2 minutes as it appeared and disappeared just east of Fremont Peak from Coulter Row. Appeared fairly bright and fairly small and roundish.
Williamina Fleming found IC 4406 = D.S. 403 = Fleming 94 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken with the 24-inch Bruce astrograph from Arequipa (Harvard Circular 60, July 6 1901). DeLisle Stewart perhaps made an earlier discovery on a plate taken in 1899 (same plate as Fleming?). The position and description was published in the large table in Annals of Harvard Observatory, 60, 1908. He noted "2 nebulous stars make dumb-bell, remarkable."
Robert Innes independently discovered it on 14 Aug 1901 with the 7-inch Metz refractor of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. He wrote, "..this is a fine planetary nebula, 10th magnitude, about 20" in diameter. Examined on the same night with the 18-inch telescope, it appears dumb-bell-shaped. Mr. Lunt, with the 24" objective prism found the spectrum to be that of a gaseous nebula. This nebula also appears on several Carte du Ciel plates...This nebula was also found at Arequipa. See Harvard CIrcular, No. 60, receivered here 22 Aug 1901." Perhaps surprisingly, John Herschel missed this fairly bright planetary.
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13 52 05.9 -06 03 30; Vir
V = 11.7; Size 2.3'x2.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 170°
See observing notes for
William Henry Finlay discovered IC 4407 on 20 Sep 1883 with
either the 6-inch or 7-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good
Hope. There is nothing at his
position, roughly determined using circle readings. PGC, HyperLEDA, RC3 and SIMBAD identify
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14 23 10.3 +26 15 57; Boo
V = 14.0; Size 1.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 150°
17.5" (6/23/01): faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 0.7'x0.5', weak concentration. Located 1.9' NNW of a mag 10.5 star. The galaxy did not appear as elongated as dimensions imply, so probably only viewed the inner region.
Stephane Javelle found IC 4412 = J. 1306 on 14 Jul
1895. His position in his third
list matches
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IC 4414 = IC 1008 = CGCG 163-035 = MCG +05-34-027 = PGC 51414
14 23 42.7 +28 20 48; Boo
Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (5/31/22): IC 4414 = IC 1008 is a merged interacting pair with the nuclei separated by less than 15". At 327x, it appeared fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, ~30"-35" diameter, fairly low surface brightness. Increasing to 375x, I saw a small, but definite brightening at the NE end. This is the nucleus of the NE component (LEDA 87674).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4414 = J. 3-1308 on 27 Jul 1895. His position is accurate.
Truman Safford probably made an earlier discovery on 4 May 1866 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory. There is nothing at his position for Sf. 5 (later IC 1008), but Harold Corwin identifies IC 1008 as a duplicate of IC 4414, situated ~ 1.4 minutes of RA west of Safford's position. This large of an error in RA is not unusual in Safford's lists. Malcolm Thomson suggested that PGC 51518 is IC 1008. This is also the identification given in MCG, PGC and HyperLeda. Although closer to Safford's position than IC 4414, PGC 51518 appears too faint to be the object seen (V magnitude between 16.0 and 16.5) and is off by over 4' in declination (Safford's errors are generally in RA).
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14 28 31.3 -37 35 01; Cen
V = 12.4; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 164°
24" (5/25/22): at 327x and 375x; moderately bright, oval 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.4', broad concentration. A mag 15 star is off the NW edge, 0.6' from center. Nearby is a mag 11 star 1.6' ENE and a mag 12 star 3' NE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4421 = Sw. 11-170 on 19 May 1898 and reported "eeF; vS; R; faint star near following." His RA was 23 seconds of time too small, but the identification is certain.
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IC 4424 = IC 1016 = NGC 5619B = MCG +01-37-014 = CGCG 047-048 = KTG 57C = Holm 645b = WBL 507-003 = PGC 51624
14 27 32.4 +04 49 18; Vir
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 121°
24" (5/11/13): at 282x appeared fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, ~24"x14". A mag 16 star is just off the south side, 15" from
center. Second brightest in the
17.5" (6/8/91): faint, small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, weak concentration. Second brightest in trio with NGC 5619 3.5' WSW and NGC 5619B 2' S.
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 4424 = Big. 320 on 8 May 1878. During an observation of NGC 5619 he added the note "+ une autre très faible". Although Stephan only listed a single position for NGC 5619, the other object is almost certainly IC 4424. Yann Pothier credits Auguste Voigt, who preceded Stephan as director of the observatory, with the original discovery on 20 Mar 1865. IC 4424 isn't included, though, in Voigt's list of 102 nebulae observed in the spring and summer of 1865.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4424 = Big. 320 again on 23 May 1892. His position matches CGCG 047-048 = PGC 51624. Lewis Swift also discovered this galaxy on 28 Apr 1891 and described Sw. 10-26 (later IC 1016) as "vF; vS; R; f[ollowing] of NGC 5619." His RA, though, was 1.3 minutes too large, so Dreyer assigned two IC designations, assuming they were different. Finally, RNGC identifies this galaxy as NGC 5619B, so it has 3 designations! IC 4424 is used in most modern sources due to the unambiguous position.
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IC 4431 = IC 1012 = UGC 9257 = MCG +05-34-043 = CGCG 163-052 = PGC 51600
14 27 09.5 +30 56 54; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 112°
24" (5/31/22): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 30" diameter, low even surface brightness.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4431 = J. 3-1316 on 9 Jul 1896. He noted it as "faint, round, 40" to 50", round, gradually condensed, distinctly grainy."
Truman Safford made the original discovery on 9 May 1866. He position for Sf. 8 (later IC 1012) was 2' too far NNE, so perhaps Javelle and later Dreyer thought his object was different, but there is only a single galaxy in the vicinity. In any case, IC 4431 is a duplicate of IC 1012.
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14 31 39.1 -43 25 09; Lup
V = 11.4; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.2
25" (4/4/19 - OzSky): at 244x; very bright, fairly
large, oval 5:4 or 4:3 E-W, ~1.5'x1.2'.
Sharp concentration with a small, bright core and a sharp extremely
bright stellar nucleus at the center.
ESO 272-011, which is misidentified as IC 4441 in several
sources, is located 17' SW. It appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.6' SE of mag 8.9
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4441 = Sw. 11-171 on 28 Mar 1897
and noted "pF; pS; R."
There is nothing at his position but ESO and PGC (as well as HyperLEDA)
identify IC 4441 as ESO 272-011, which is 1.1 minutes of RA to the west and
2.4' S of Swift's position. But
this galaxy is very likely too faint to have been picked up by Swift and
furthermore lies less than 2' SE of a 9th mag star that certainly would have been
mentioned in the description.
Instead IC 4441 is much more likely applies to
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14 28 45.3 +28 57 51; Boo
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 25°
17.5" (6/20/98): faint, small, round, 25"
diameter, weak concentration.
Forms the north vertex of an obtuse triangle with two mag 13.5/14 stars
1.3' SE and 2.2' WSW. Located 11'
NW of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4405 = J. 3-1319 on 27 Jul 1895. His computed dec is ~2' too far south, with the error apparently due to a poor position for his reference star.
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IC 4444 = IC 4441 = ESO 272-014 = MCG -07-30-002 = PGC 51905
14 31 39.1 -43 25 09; Lup
V = 11.4; Size 1.7'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.2
25" (4/4/19 - OzSky): at 244x; very bright, fairly large, oval 5:4 or 4:3 E-W, ~1.5'x1.2'. Sharp concentration with a small, bright core and a sharp extremely bright stellar nucleus at the center. ESO 272-011 (misidentified as IC 4441 in the ESO) lies 17' SW.
ESO 272-011 (misidentied as IC 4441 in several sources), located 17' SW, appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.6' SE of mag 8.9 HD 126996. This star is at the eastern vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 9.4 3.3' to it NNW and a mag 11.3 star 3.3' to its W.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4444 = D.S. 407 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, * M, spir or ring nebula, remarks (AN. 147, 209, Sw. XI, 171, p[recedes] 0.3m, s[outh] 6')." His remark states "observed by Frost on A 6765 as bM, magn. 13." Stewart referenced Swift's IC 4441, discovered on 28 Mar 1897, and described as "pF; pS; R." There is nothing at Swift's position and ESO and PGC identify ESO 272-011 as IC 4441.
But Malcolm Thomson argues (and Corwin concurs) that ESO 272-011 is too faint to have been seen by Swift and it is much more likely that IC 4441 is an earlier observation of IC 4444. In addition, ESO 272-011 has a nearby 9th mag star that Swift would have almost certainly have mentioned. See Malcolm Thomson's IC identifications.
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IC 4447 = UGC 9306 = CGCG 163-066 = MCG +05-34-056 = PGC 51754
14 29 18.0 +30 49 56; Boo
V = 13.8; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 174°
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; fairly faint, fairly small, small bright nucleus, oval 3:2 N-S, 25" diameter. A mag 12.7 star is off the NW side, 50" from center.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4447 = J. 3-1321 on 9 Jul 1896. He noted it as "faint, round, 20" to 25", gradually condensed, granular appearance, stellar nucleus mag 13.5." His RA is 20 seconds too large. I'm not sure of the source of this discrepancy, other than a transcription error in recording/measuring the offset in RA.
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14 40 28.0 -78 48 33; Aps
V = 13.5; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 168°
25" (4/4/19 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, ~35"x25", fairly low even surface brightness with no core or nucleus. Located 25' NW of mag 3.8 Alpha Apus!
A small group of stars is close west, including a mag 10.4 star 2.4' W and another half-dozen mag 12-14 stars. Another distinctive group of mag 12-13 stars is 18' E.
IC 4448 is a collisional ring galaxy that appears somewhat similar on images to the Cartwheel Galaxy in Sculptor!
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4448 = D.S. 409 on a plate taken on 19 Jun 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!! F, vS, ring neb with * in middle".
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14 34 28.6 -27 31 06; Hya
V = 12.2; Size 2.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 160°
14.5" (7/1/21): at 182x and 226x; moderately bright and large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, nearly 1.5' in length, strong concentration with a bright elongated core and very bright nearly stellar nucleus. A mag 10 star is 3.7' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4453 = Sw. 11-172 on 22 Feb 1898 and reported "pB; eS; R; like D * one nebulous." His position is 5' too far southwest but there are no other nearby galaxies, so the identification is nearly certain. Swift grouped this nebula, along with several others, in a class that "appear at first glance like double stars 6" or 8" apart, though the nearest star he might have picked up (off the NW side) is 15th magnitude. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position that Dreyer adopted in the IC 2.
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14 33 43.6 -14 37 11; Lib
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 30°
17.5": faint, small, elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.3'. A mag 14.5 star is close SE. A tight knot of 4 or 5 mag 13-15 stars within 45" lies 10' SSW. Located 4.5° NE of Zubenelgenubi.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4455 = D.S. 410 on an Arequipa
plate taken in Jul 1899. There is
nothing at Stewart's reported position, but 0.8 minutes of RA west and 3' N is
******************************
14 35 00.4 +26 31 55; Boo
Size 0.4'x0.2'; PA = 115°
18" (5/3/08): very faint, very small, round,
12"-15" diameter. First
of three in a compact trio (
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4461 = J. 1326, along with IC
4462 = J. 1327, on 22 Jun 1895.
There are 3 galaxies (
******************************
IC 4462 = Arp 95 NED1 = VV 303a = Rose 21n = UGC 9384a = MCG +05-34-077 = CGCG 163-085ne = PGC 52119
14 35 01.9 +26 32 38; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.8'x0.45'
18" (5/3/08): brightest in a very close trio (Arp
95). At 260x it appeared faint,
small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness. Located 1.3' W of a mag 12.5 star. This galaxy is misidentified as IC 4461
in all modern catalogues. IC 4461
lies 45" SW of center and
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4462 = J. 1327, along with IC 4461 = J. 1326, on 22 Jun 1895. See IC 4461 for the story.
******************************
14 36 48.1 +18 20 38; Boo
Size 0.9'x0.6'
24" (5/31/22): at 327x; faint, fairly small, very
elongated 5:2 or 3:1 N-S, low nearly even surface brightness,
~30"x12". Forms a pair
with
Royal Frost discovered IC 4466, along with IC 4467, on a plate taken 10 May 1904. His positions are accurate to within 1' and the identifications are certain.
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14 28 22.8 +78 53 08; UMi
Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 94°
17.5" (6/24/95): very faint, very small, round. A mag 14.5 star is just off the NE side, 21" from center, and it confused the observation. At moments, the compact core of the galaxy and the star appeared to form a faint double star. I missed the faint extensions (arm) E-W on the POSS. Forms a pair with NGC 5712 4.0' ESE.
William Herschel discovered IC 4470 on 20 Dec 1797 (sweep 1074). His description for NGC 5712 (III-950) mentions "It is preceded by a small patch of stars which appears almost like this nebula, but more resolved." This sounds very similar to Bigourdan's description below and certainly applies to IC 4470. I uncovered this discovery on June 10, 2014 while working through Caroline Herschel's revised sweep records from 1802. I notified Harold Corwin and Wolfgang Steinicke, who concurred, and Wolfgang included it in his "WH Special" list of 22 Jun 2014. IC 4470 was the last of six IC galaxies that Herschel discovered while sweeping with his 18.7" that were not catalogued, generally because of uncertainty.
Guillaume Bigourdan independently discovered IC 4470 = Big. 421 on 11 Jul 1887. His full description (from Harold Corwin) reads "Object which, at first sight, could be nebulous, but in which I suspect several stellar points. It is therefore a cluster enveloped in nebulosity; it is vaguely elongated at 90 degrees and is 1' l and 40" wide."
******************************
14 36 32.0 +41 41 08; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 25°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4471 = Big. 321 on 6 Jun 1894. His rough position is close to NGC 5697, the only galaxy in the area. He probably assumed it was new due to a poor NGC position. Most modern sources equate IC 4471 with NGC 5697. See NGC 5697 for more.
******************************
14 37 54.1 +15 51 48; Boo
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.4'
24" (7/1/19): IC 4473 is an interacting contact system with the two nuclei separated by 11" N-S. At 225x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~24"x15", strong sense of two cores. Increasing to 375x; the two close nuclei were definitely visible at times within a common halo.
Royal Frost discovered IC 4473 = F. 1123 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Observatory in Peru.
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14 39 12.7 +15 52 39; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 61°
24" (7/1/19): at 225x and 375x; between faint and fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 15.2 star is just off the S end. Located 7' ESE of a mag 10 star. IC 4473 (double system) lies 19' W.
Royal Frost discovered IC 4478 = F. 1125 on a plate taken on 10 May 1904
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14 44 20.7 +12 07 53; Boo
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.0
17.5" (6/20/01): fairly faint, small, round, 40" diameter, weak concentration. A mag 14 star lies 0.9' WNW of center while a brighter mag 12.5 star follows by 3.5'.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4493 = Big. 422 on 12 Apr 1898
and wrote, "rather diffuse nebula, roundish, 35" diameter, granular
central region, which stands out quite well". He was searching for H. III-48 (
******************************
15 00 18.5 -82 12 49; Aps
V = 10.0; Size 7.6'; Surf Br = 0.7
18" (7/7/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x this globular has an unusual appearance as a round glow of nearly even surface brightness, ~3.5' diameter with a single brighter mag 12 star superimposed near the very center. A brighter mag 10.5 field star is just off the south edge, 2' from the center. IC 4499 appears similar to a large, fairly low surface brightness planetary or reflection nebula. My observation was possibly compromised by some clouds as the skies completely clouded up soon afterwards, but there was no evident resolution at this power.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4499 = D.S. 418 on a plate taken on 13 Jun 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF Cl, 4' diam., 3 F st inv in cl, position approximate, susp."
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14 47 42.2 +18 27 21; Boo
V = 15.3; Size 0.75'x0.4'; PA = 160°
18" (7/13/07): extremely faint, very small, round,
12" diameter. Located just
2.8' S of
17.5" (7/16/01): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, requires averted to glimpse. Located 1' E of a mag 10.5 star and at the midpoint of NGC 5760 2.9' N and a mag 13 star a similar distance south.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4507 = F. 1136 on a plate taken 13 May 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "vF, R, 0.1' dia." Dreyer made a typo in the IC 2, equating IC 4507 with F. 1336.
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14 50 55.4 +27 34 43; Boo
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 125°
24" (7/12/18): at 375x; very faint, small, round, 24" diameter. A mag 14.7 star is 0.6' SSE of center. Viewed through thin clouds, which affected the view.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4514 = J. 3-1346 = Sw. 11-175 on 26 Jul 1895. His position was 2' too far north due to an error in the declination of his offset star. Lewis Swift discovered the galaxy again on 2 Jun 1898 and reported Sw. 11-175 as "eeF; S; lE; pB * p[receding]; another susp[ected]." Swift's RA was 20 seconds too small. The observation was made on the last night he recorded a new discovery (see IC 4514). Both Swift and Javelle are credited in the IC, though Javelle deserves primary credit.
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14 54 23.4 +16 21 19; Boo
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5
24" (7/12/18): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly
small, round, 35" diameter, strong concentration, small bright core with a
faint halo. IC 4516 is the cD
galaxy in the rich cluster
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4516 = Sw. 11-176 on 2 Jun 1898 and reported "vF; pS; R; only 1 * near, 10m * nf." His position was 2' too far NW. Harold Corwin notes that "IC 4516 is probably the last object discovered by Lewis Swift". See IC 4514.
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15 02 38.2 +23 21 02; Boo
V = 15.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 0°
48" (5/3/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and
moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 0.4'x0.3', broad
concentration, slightly brighter core.
Second brightest of 5 in
24" (7/11/18): faint, small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, 20"x10". IC 4526 is the second brightest in the HCG 73 group and forms a triangle with NGC 5829 1.4' SE and a mag 12.4 star 1.2' S.
18" (8/4/05): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter. Forms the northern vertex of an equilateral triangle with sides of 1' with NGC 5829 and a mag 12 star. Once this difficult galaxy was noticed, it was visible most of the time using averted vision and concentration at 225x.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4526 = J. 3-1354 on 25 Jul 1903. UGC incorrectly equates IC 4526 with NGC 5829.
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15 01 33.3 +49 06 44; Boo
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3
17.5" (7/17/93): faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter,
weak concentration. Located 5.2'
SSE of mag 7.3
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4528 = Big. 423 on 23 May
1898. His position corresponds
with
******************************
15 06 41.9 +23 38 29; Boo
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 160°
14.5" (7/1/21): at 226x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated at least 2:1 ~N-S, ~1.0'x0.4', small bright core and brighter along the major axis (verified as a bar on images). A mag 14.6 star is 1' S of center.
17.5" (6/3/00): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
3:2 NNW-SSE, brighter core. A mag
14 star is close off the south end [1.1' from center]. At moments appears to have a fainter,
outer halo. This galaxy is
identified as
Édouard Stephan discovered IC 4534 = J. 3-1359 on 9 Jun 1877. His rough position was 2' E of center, similar to his other offsets in his notebook but he didn't later confirm or publish the discovery.
Stephane Javelle rediscovered IC 4534 on 9 on 28 Jul 1903, unaware of Stephan's earlier observation. There is nothing at his position. However, Malcolm Thomson found that Javelle misidentified his reference star, which was GSC 2024:622. Applying his offsets to this star lands directly on UGC 9713. Furthermore, this galaxy fits his description "pB, S, elongated north south, nucleus", so this identification is certain. Due to the erroneous IC position, CGCG, MCG and PGC and the online LEDA database fail to label their catalogue entries as IC 4534.
Javelle made another "discovery" on 26 May 1909 and listed it as J. 4-1838 in his unpublished 4th catalogue. His descriptions reads "faint, elongated in the meridian (N-S), about 1' diameter, core of mag 13."
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15 13 17.2 -18 08 14; Lib
V = 13.2; Size 2.1'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.4; PA = 10°
24" (6/23/17): fairly faint, large, roundish, ~1.2'
diameter, low surface brightness, slightly brighter core. A mag 14.5-15 star is at the west
edge. The surface brightness is a
bit uneven or mottled but I didn't notice any distinct HII knots. Two mag 10 and 11 stars are 5' SW and
5' N, respectively. IC 4536 is
located 12.5' ESE of mag 6.9
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4536 on 14 May 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and recorded (from his logbook) "vF, L, roundish, a faint star on np edge, a faint star nr sf edge. It follows a bright star by 1 field." The bright star is mag 6.9 HD 134812, situated 13' ESE. His sketch (in his logbook) and description is a perfect match.
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15 17 32.4 +02 02 51; Ser
V = 15.0; Size 0.7'x0.4'; PA = 45°
24" (7/19/12): at 260x appeared very faint, very small,
elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 20"x10", contains a very faint stellar
nucleus. This small galaxy is
located just west of the halo of
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4537 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer, so the date and telescope are unknown. The IC RA is just 5 seconds too small.
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15 21 11.7 -23 39 29; Lib
V = 12.1; Size 2.6'x2.0'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 45°
48" (5/4/16): at 375x; fairly faint, very large, roundish, fairly low but uneven surface brightness. No distinct core or zones except for a slightly brighter nucleus - just a featureless but unevenly lit patch (nearly face-on Sc) almost 2' in diameter. Picked up on the way to planetary nebula Merrill 2-1, situated 16' ENE.
17.5" (6/27/98): appeared as a very low surface brightness glow, perhaps 1.5' diameter, roundish but difficult to determine edge of halo, very little concentration. The galaxy was surprisingly difficult although viewed a couple of hours past the meridian. Two mag 12.5 stars lie ~3' E and 3' NE. The compact planetary Me 2-1 is 15' E.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4538 = Sw. 11-178 on 26 May 1895 and noted "eeeF; vL; not 5898 or 5903; v diff; bet 2 wide D stars." He also noted "this is very large, and one of my faintest. Have seen it twice and failed once. The field is a curiosity, the following half having many stars, the preceding half not even one." His position is 3' SW of UGCA 406, a low surface brightness, multiple-armed Sc, and his description of the surrounding star field applies.
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15 24 59.5 +13 26 42; Ser
V = 13.9; Size 1.0'x0.9'
See observing notes for IC 1118.
Lewis Swift found IC 4543 = Sw. XI-179 on 3 Jun 1897. He reported "eF, pS, vF * close
north preceding". His
position is 2' W of 16th magnitude
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15 26 58.4 +28 51 09; CrB
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, slightly
elongated, ~25"x20". A
15th mag star is at the NE edge [15" from center].
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4546 = J. 3-1363 on 24 Jul 1895. His position and description matches this galaxy.
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IC 4547 = CGCG 165-058 = PGC 55130
15 27 15.1 +28 47 20; CrB
V = 14.4; Size 0.7'x0.6'; PA = 138°
24" (7/18/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 15"-20" diameter, weak concentration. IC 4546 lies 5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4547 = J. 3-1364 on 22 Jul 1895. His position is accurate.
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15 35 28.5 -50 39 35; Nor
V = 9.5; Size 7.1'; Surf Br = 1.7
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4550 = Sw. 11-180 on 24 May 1898 and recorded "pB; pS; lE.' There is nothing at his position but 42 seconds of RA east is NGC 5946 and there are no other possible nearby candidates. This was his most southerly observation from California and one of his very last (the last recorded date was 2 June). So, NGC 5946 = IC 4550. See Corwin's identification notes for more.
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15 37 36.3 +05 58 25; Ser
V = 12.0; Size 4.2'x3.2'; Surf Br = 14.7; PA = 145°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4551 = Sw. 12-12 on 19 Aug 1897 and reported "eeeF, L, R, eee dif". There is nothing at his position. Harold Corwin suggests IC 4551 = NGC 5964, which is 3.5 minutes of time following Swift's position. This is a large but not unusual error in his last year of observing, so is a possible but uncertain identification.
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15 38 54.9 +04 34 59; Ser
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x1.2'
24" (7/28/19): at 322x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, moderately large, ~0.8' diameter, small brighter core, slightly mottled appearance or brighter regions like a face on spiral (confirmed later on SDSS).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4552 = Sw. 11-181 on 21 Jun 1897
and called it "eF; pS; R; near the first of 6 or 8 st[ars] in a curved
line." There is nothing near
his position. Harold Corwin
suggests IC 4552 is very likely
******************************
IC 4553 = Arp 220 = IC 1127 = UGC 9913 = MCG +04-37-005 = CGCG 163-017 = VV 540 = PGC 55497
15 34 57.2 +23 30 10; Ser
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7
48" (5/1/19): at 375x; bright, large, contains a large uneven bright core. The halo is irregular with a hint of structure and extends mostly north of the core.
24" (6/16/12): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, uneven surface brightness and irregular appearance, though the core was not resolved into two components. Forms a pair with IC 4554 2.2' SE (not part of Arp 220 as generally assumed).
17.5" (4/7/89): fairly faint, almost round, even surface brightness. This is an interacting double system with an extremely faint "knot" or extension at the south end [elongated E-W on the POSS]. IC 4554 is a separate galaxy 2.2' SE of the double system observed.
Considered the prototype of a megamaser with 98% of its emission in the infrared. In addition there is a large starburst of young stars.
Stephane Javelle found IC 4553 = J. 3-1368, along with IC 4554, on 25 Jul 1903. His position is at the south edge of Arp 220. Truman Safford made the original discovery on 4 May 1866, but his RA for Sf. 7 = IC 1127 was 1 minute too large and Dreyer missed the equivalence IC 4553 = IC 1127. Édouard Stephan also made observations on 26 May 1875 and 9 Jun 1877. He may have been aware of Safford's discoveries as he included many in his own discovery lists.
See Harold Corwin's and Malcolm Thomson's comments on this number.
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15 35 04.8 +23 28 45; Ser
V = 15.2; Size 0.5'x0.4'
48" (5/1/19): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, small bright core. Located 2' SE of IC 4553.
24" (6/16/12): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. Located 2' SE of IC 4553 = Arp 220. This number is often incorrectly applied to one of the components of the double galaxy IC 4553.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4554 = J. 3-1369, along with
IC 4553, on 25 Jul 1903. His
position points to
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15 35 54.1 +39 48 51; Boo
Size 0.6'x0.35'; PA = 104°
24" (7/14/15): extremely faint, very small, elongated
3:2 E-W, ~9"x6", low surface brightness. Situated just 1.2' SW of mag 7.6
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4560 = J. 3-1374, along with IC 4563, on 24 Jul 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His position is erroneous due to confusion with the offset star (using different stars for RA and Dec). See Corwin's notes regarding Javelle's error in reducing his position.
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15 35 57.0 +43 29 36; Boo
V = 12.6; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.0
14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, round, ~40" diameter, bright core, stellar nucleus. A mag 11.8 star is 1.4' WSW and a mag 12.4 star is 2.5' ENE. Brightest member of group of 5 IC galaxies.
17.5" (6/27/98): First in a group (WBL 577) of six
galaxies discovered by Barnard with the 12" refractor at Lick Observatory
along with
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4562 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "pretty bright, small, round, much brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906). He also indicated a very small nebula close northeast (IC 4562A), though was uncertain if it was a faint star.
His positions are not very accurate (particularly in RA) and the position for IC 4562 is 18 seconds too far west and 3.5' south. Still the identifications are certain based on the sketch. MCG doesn't identify its +07-32-034 as IC 4562.
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IC 4563 = MCG +07-32-033 = CGCG 222-029 = PGC 55565
15 36 03.7 +39 49 53; Boo
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 163°
24" (7/14/15): faint to fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 N-S, 20"x15". Second brightest in trio with NGC 5966 4.3' SW and IC 4560 2.1' SW. Remarkable located 1' E of a mag 7.6 star and 1.8' N of a mag 6.8 star!
24" (6/13/15): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, slightly brighter core. Located just 1' E of mag 7.6 HD 139323 and 1.8' N of mag 6.8 HD 139341 (1.1" double)! NGC 5966 is 4.3' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4563 = J. 3-1376, along with IC 4560, on 24 Jul 1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. His positions are 1.7' too far north as he confused his offset stars (using HD 139323) when computing the declination.
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IC 4564 = UGC 9930 = MCG +07-32-036 = CGCG 222-033 = WBL 577-003 = PGC 55584
15 36 27.0 +43 31 08; Boo
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 70°
14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; faint, very elongated 5:2 or
3:1 E-W, ~0.9'x0.3', broad weak concentration. A mag 15.4 star is off the W side [1' from center] and
occasionally a mag 15.7 was glimpsed off the E side. On a line between
17.5" (6/27/98): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 ~E-W, 1.0'x0.6', broad concentration. A couple of mag 15 stars are 1' preceding. This galaxy is the third of four on a line including IC 4562 5.6' WSW and IC 4566 3.0' ENE.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4564 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "slightly faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).
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15 36 35.1 +43 25 29; Boo
V = 14.4; Size 0.9'x0.5'; PA = 8°
14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; very faint (visible with averted vision only), very elongated 2:1 N-S, ~25"x12", very low uniform surface brightness. Faintest member of the sextet.
17.5" (6/27/98): this galaxy is the faintest of six in the IC 4562 group. Required averted vision to view this extremely faint "knot", only 5"-10" in diameter. Nearly equally spaced with a mag 15 star 1.8' NNE and a mag 12 star 3.7' NNE. Located 6' SSE of IC 4564.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4565 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).
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IC 4566 = UGC 9933 = MCG +07-32-038 = CGCG 222-035 = WBL 577-005 = PGC 55601
15 36 42.1 +43 32 22; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 1.6'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 165°
14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; between faint and fairly faint, elongated ~4:3 NW-SE, ~40"x30", brighter core. At the east end of a 10' collinear string that includes IC 4564, IC 4562 and IC 4562A, as well as two mag 11.5-12 stars.
17.5" (6/27/98): faint, small, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.6', weak concentration. Fourth of four on a line including IC 4564 3.0' WSW in a group of six galaxies.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4566 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "faintish, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch (published in 1906).
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15 37 13.2 +43 17 53; Boo
V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 125°
14.5" (7/27/22): at 226x; fairly faint, elongated ~4:3 NW-SE, ~40"x30", broad weak concentration. Easily held steadily with direct vision. A mag 15.5 star was barely glimpsed off the SW side [0.6' from center].
17.5" (6/27/98): last in the IC 4562 group (WBL
577). Appears fairly faint,
elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.7', broad concentration. Located 7' ENE of a mag 8.2
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4567 on 20 Aug 1890 in a sextet (5 in IC) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "not faint, round, gradually brighter in the middle." and placed it accurately in his notebook sketch, though it was not published until 1906 (AN 4136). The IC position is 3.5' too far SE but the identification is certain.
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15 40 07.6 +28 09 08; CrB
V = 14.2; Size 0.6'x0.3'; PA = 40°
17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, small, slightly
elongated, 0.4' diameter, low even surface brightness. First in a group (USGC U718) of 8 IC
galaxies including
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4568 = J. 3-1377 on 24 Jul
1895. His position corresponds
with
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IC 4569 = MCG +05-37-013 = CGCG 166-032 = WBL 581-002 = PGC 55783
15 40 48.4 +28 17 31; CrB
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5" (7/3/97): faint, small, round, 25" diameter,
increases to a quasi-stellar nucleus. In a group (WBL 581) of faint galaxies
including
E.E. Barnard probably discovered IC 4569 = J. 3-1378
visually, along with
Stephane Javelle rediscovered this galaxy on 25 Jul 1895 and
his position matches
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15 41 22.6 +28 13 47; CrB
V = 14.1; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.5
17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, fairly small, ~45" diameter with averted vision, very low surface brightness with no concentration. This is one of the larger members of the faint IC 4568-81 group (WBL 581).
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4570 = J. 3-1379 on 24 Jul
1895. His position corresponds
with
******************************
IC 4572 = MCG +05-37-016 = CGCG 166-037n = PGC 55817
15 41 54.2 +28 08 02; CrB
V = 13.8; Size 0.9'x0.6'; PA = 60°
17.5" (7/3/97): faint, small, elongated SW-NE,
40"x25", weak concentration.
Located 9' NE of mag 8.0
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4572 = J. 3-1380 visually, probably along with IC 4569, on 29 Jan 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His position of 15h 36m 53s +28° 25' (1889) corresponds with a group of IC galaxies (IC 4568, 4569, 4570, 4572, 4574), but is closest to IC 4572 and IC 4570. The southeast galaxy on his simple sketch (probably IC 4572) is noted as "pF, pL, gradually brighter in the middle, Rndish." The northwest galaxy (either IC 4570 or IC 4569) is noted as "pS, gradually brighter in the middle, Rndish." The sketch of the 80x field shows a single star - probably mag 8.4 SAO 83949 = HD 140253. If the field diameter is close to 40', then the second galaxy is more likely IC 4569 (separation of 17'), which has a higher surface brightness and was more evident in my visual observation.
Stephane Javelle found this galaxy again on 25 Jul 1895 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory and measured an accurate position. Barnard didn't publish his discovery or notify Dreyer so Javelle was credited with the discovery in the IC.
******************************
15 41 59.1 +28 14 26; CrB
V = 15.2; Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 23°
17.5" (7/3/97): this was a marginal object with averted vision and was visible only for moments as an extremely small knot, <10" diameter. Required GSC finder chart to pinpoint location. Faintest of 8 galaxies picked up in a group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4574 = J. 3-1382 on 25 Jul
1895. His position corresponds
with
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15 43 14.3 +28 21 25; CrB
V = 14.6; Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 170°
17.5" (7/3/97): extremely faint, small, elongated 0.5'x0.2' ~N-S, no concentration. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.8' ESE. 6th of 8 IC galaxies in a group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4580 = J. 3-1387, along with
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IC 4581 = MCG +05-37-019 = CGCG 166-046 = PGC 55893
15 44 01.5 +28 16 37; CrB
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 22°
24" (7/18/15): faint, small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 24"x18", very weak concentration. A mag 13.7 star lies 45" S. IC 4580 lies 11.5' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4581 = J. 3-1388, along with IC 4580 and 4582, on 26 Jul 1895.
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15 45 39.4 +28 05 19; CrB
V = 14.0; Size 1.3'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 172°
24" (7/18/15): fairly faint, very elongated 7:2 ~N-S, ~0.8'x0.25', very small brighter nucleus. Last in a group of 8 IC galaxies. IC 4581 lies 24' NW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4582 = J. 3-1389, along with IC 4580 and 4581, on 26 Jul 1895.
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16 00 12.3 -66 23 00; TrA
Size 1.7'x1.5'; PA = 96°
25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): at 244x; faint, large, round,
~1.75' diameter, low even surface brightness. Appears like a low surface brightness, diffuse nebulosity in
a very rich star field! Forms a
close pair with
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4584 = D.S. 426, along with IC 4585, on a plate taken on19 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, iF."
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IC 4585 = ESO 100-005 = AM 1555-661N = PGC 56630
16 00 17.6 -66 19 20; TrA
V = 12.3; Size 2.1'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 45°
25" (4/3/19 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.25'x0.5', very diffuse, broad concentration. A mag 11.3 star is off the NE end [1.4' from center]. Forms a pair with IC 4584 3.7' S. A group of a half-dozen mag 12-13 stars are between the two galaxies.
Both of these galaxies appear out of place as large, somewhat ghostly (low surface brightness) galaxies in a rich star field. I might have assume they were faint emission nebulae. After the observation I found the secondary was dewed over and this likely degraded the view.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 4585 = D.S. 427, along with IC 4584, on a plate taken on19 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, iF."
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15 55 57.5 +05 55 56; Ser
V = 12.2; Size 1.7'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.2
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4586 = Sw. 12-13 on 19 Aug 1897 and recorded "eF, S, R, bet *8 f[ollowing] and curve of stars p[receding]." His description is a perfect match with NGC 6014, though his RA (noted as uncertain and only to the nearest minute of time) is off by a minute and his dec was 5' in error. Dorothy Carlson equated the two numbers in her 1940 paper on NGC/IC Corrections.
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15 59 51.6 +25 56 26; CrB
V = 14.8; Size 0.5'x0.4'; PA = 98°
24" (7/28/19): at 322x; faint, small, round, 18", very small brighter nucleus, small halo with averted. Located 5' ENE of recurrent nova T Corona Borealis, nicknamed the "Blaze Star". Normally about 10th magnitude, it increased to mag 2 and 3 in 1866 and 1946, respectively.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4587 visually on 27 Apr 1903 while observing the variable (recurrent nova) T Corona Borealis. The star is normally around 10th magnitude (currently mag ~9.2) but blazed to second magnitude in 1866 and third magnitude in 1946. From 1903 to 1907, Barnard periodically looked for evidence of a change in color or indication of a non-stellar appearance using the Yerkes 40-inch refractor. In a report published in ApJ, 25, 279 (1907), he wrote, "While examining the star, I found a faint nebula in the field with it, following. The nebula is of the 14th or 15th magnitude, and is from 5" to 10" in diameter, without any nucleus." This object is Barnard's last known visual discovery.
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16 05 04.3 +23 55 02; Ser
V = 15.2; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 134°
24" (7/23/14): very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter. Located 2' SE of NGC 6051 and 1.5' E of a mag 11.2 star in the cluster AWM 4.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4588 = J. 3-1391 on 15 Jul
1903 and noted "vF, vS, R, stellar, 5051 p.". His position is a very good match with
The NGC has a typo "[NGC] 5051 p", instead of
"[NGC] 6051 p." The MCG,
PGC, HyperLeda, SIMBAD (as well as Megastar, etc.) incorrectly equate IC 4588
with
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16 11 44.5 +12 04 17; Her
V = 10.7; Size 13"x10"
24" (6/30/22): at 109x; shows a distinct "blinking" effect. Staring directly emphasizes the bright blue central star, but with averted a small halo is prominent. Increasing to 457x, a prominent central star is encased in a very well defined, slightly elongated halo ~4:3 in a N-S orientation.
14.5" (7/11/21): identified very easily at 140x as a fairly bright, fuzzy blue "star". Good, but not excellent, contrast gain with an OIII filter. At 226x, a small 10" disc surrounds a clearly seen central star in the high surface brightness glow. Increasing to 352x, the central star was much more prominent and the halo was slightly elongated NNW-SSE and seemed irregular. A mag 9.4 star is 5' NW and the double star STF 2016 is 11' SE. The planetary is along the line connecting these objects.
18" (7/20/06): at 160x the 10.5-mag central star is encased by a small, oval halo, elongated NNW-SSE, ~10"x7". The planetary has the characteristic blue glow seen in this class of objects. Good response to OIII blinking at this power. The central star is more prominent at 225x and 325x but there were no additional details visible in fairly poor seeing.
17.5" (5/10/86): at 286x a bright 11th magnitude central star is visible surrounded by a small, slightly elongated halo, bluish color. Located 11' NW of double star STF 2016 = 8.5/9.6 at 7".
8" (6/30/22): at 109x, IC 4593 was easily identified as a blue 11th mag fuzzy star situated 5' SE of a brighter mag 9.4 star. Adding a NPB filter provides an excellent contrast gain and the planetary appears to outshine the star.
8" (6/81): stellar at 100x but a slightly elongated disc is easy to view at 220x-350x. Located 12' NW of a mag 9 star.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4593 = Fleming 96 in 1907 on a Harvard objective prism plate (Circular 124). Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) described, "Central star about mag 10. This is surrounded by a disk of brighter matter 11" in diameter, fading out a little towards the edges. There is a bright wing at the north end in pa 347°, and a smaller and fainter projection opposite this; fainter matter outside brings the whole diameter to about 15"."
The Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebula, Sky Catalogue 2000.0 and the first edition of the Uranometria 2000.0 Atlas has the wrong RA of 16h 12.2m. At this position on the U2000 is a mag 9 star as IC 4593 was recorded as a star in the BD catalogue.
John Mallas coined the nickname "White-Eyed Pea" in his Feb/Mar 1963 article "Visual Atlas of Planetary Nebulae-III", published in the "Review of Popular Astronomy".
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16 11 22.6 +23 57 53; Her
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 93°
17.5" (5/28/89): faint, very small, broad
concentration, faint stellar nucleus.
Located 8' N of mag 8.8
Stephane Javelle found IC 4594 = J. III-1393 on 20 July
1903. He accidentally reversed the
sign on the declination offset from his comparison star so his position for J.
III-1393 (later IC 4594) is in error.
Once corrected, it is clear that IC 4594 = NGC 6075 (discovered by
Stephan in 1881). PGC and LEDA
only identify this galaxy as
******************************
16 16 03.6 -22 37 31; Sco
V = 14.0; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 54°
17.5" (7/22/00): extremely faint, very small, elongated
at least 2:1 SW-NE, ~20"x10", low even surface brightness. A mag 14 star is close north [37"
from center] and a triangle of mag 12/13 stars lies 3' NNE. Located 25' NW of globular cluster
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4596 = D.S. 428 on a plate taken in July 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, S, vE at 40°, mbM, * N, prob. spiral."
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16 19 23.1 -42 15 36; Sco
V = 12.4; Size 16"x13"
13.1" (3/17/86): at 79x appears as an out of focus star with an estimated V magnitude of 12.5-13.0. Considerable contrast gain with an OIII filter. Forms the northern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 2.5' SSW and a mag 10 star 2.7' SE. The planetary appears fainter than the two stars unfiltered but much brighter with a filter. A small disc is clearly visible at 166x or higher. Identified as He 2-155 in CGPN and ESO-Strausberg catalogues.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4599 = F. 1144 on a plate taken
on 20 Jun 1903 with the 24-inch Bruce photographic refractor at Harvard's
Arequipa station. He noted
"Planetary, magn. about 15."
Kohoutek's "Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebulae" (CGPN)
doesn't label
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16 20 00 -20 02; Sco
Size 20'x10'
18" (7/12/10): I immediately noticed IC 4601 at 108x
while viewing
13.1" (7/5/83): appears as a large, slightly milky and starless region involving two pretty double stars (SHJ 225 = 7.4/8.1 at 47" and SHJ 226 = 7.6/8.3 at 13") and a single star to the west. This triangular region appears "lighter" than the surrounding background with a Deep Sky filter. The north side has a more definite edge.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4601 on a plate taken 23 Mar 1895
with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. He noted two bright BD stars (the latter is
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16 23 38.8 +11 47 10; Her
V = 13.6; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 127°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 4602 = Sw. 11-183 on 22 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; S; lE; F * near f[ollowing]; 2 B[right] stars in field south nearly point to it; eee diff." There is nothing near Swift's position, but 1° south is NGC 6132 and his description of the nearby stars fits. So NGC 6132 = IC 4602. See Harold Corwin's identification notes for more on IC 4602.
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16 25 26.3 -24 27 57; Oph
Size 20'x10'
17.5" (6/30/00): this is a large, circular glow surrounding a 4' pair of mag 8/10 stars and part of the Rho Ophiuchi complex (2° north of Antares). The nebulosity extends roughly 8'-10' in diameter. The setting is quite eerie as the 50' field is nearly devoid of all stars - just two other faint stars. The field has a dull gray appearance as if it was weakly luminous.
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4603, along with IC 4604, around 1883, probably with his 5" refractor. In his 1895 paper "On a great photographic nebula near Antares", he stated "for fully ten or twelve years I have known of a vast region of nebulosity in Scorpius near Antares. I tried a number of times to located this nebulosity, but could never definitely settle its extent and exact position. I first knew of its presence in my early comet seeking, having come across it repeatedly in my sweep." In addition, he referred to a note made 15 June 1892, "A couple of years ago [at Lick Observatory] I found 2 stars involved in a very large diffused nebulosity. They are strongly nebulous in the 6.5" and in the 12", but are best seen in the 6.5". The stars are about 8.5 and 9.5 mag, the following star being the brighter. They are 1.8° north and 42' preceding Antares [apparently IC 4603]. This region and preceding it for some distance seems to consist of a vast but very diffused nebulosity."
At Lick he took an image of region on 23 Mar 1895 with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. He noted "the brighter and more complicated portions of the nebula center about Rho Ophiuchi, 22 Scorpii and a couple of small stars occupying the center of the equilateral triangle formed by Rho Oph, 22 and Sigma Scorpii." The "couple of small stars occupying the center" are involved with IC 4603.
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16 25 35.1 -23 26 50; Oph
Size 60'x25'
17.5" (6/30/00): this northern section of the Rho
Ophiuchi nebula surrounds three bright stars including mag 5 Rho Ophiuchi (a
close double at 3" separation) and two mag 7 stars 2.5' N and WSW. The glow appears most evident around
the bright star. The dusty
surrounding field (
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4604, the Rho Ophiuchi Nebula, around 1883 using his 5" refractor. See notes on IC 4603.
Caroline Herschel, in a letter to her nephew John Herschel,
wrote she "once heard your father, after a long awful silence, exclaim
"Hier ist wahrhaftig ein Loch im Himmel! [Here is truly a hole in the
heavens!]”. She added her brother returned to this unique region several
nights over several years. Caroline urged John to search for this object
in the lower part of Scorpion during his trip to South Africa. John sent
Caroline a letter from the Cape of Good Hope dated 22 Feb 1835 in which he
stated the region near Rho Ophiuchi contained fields “without the smallest
star." In 1928 Johann Hagen, director of the Vatican Observatory,
claimed William Herschel's "Hole in the heavens” referred to
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16 30 12.5 -25 06 55; Sco
Size 30'x30'
17.5" (6/30/00): this section of the Rho Ophiuchi reflection
nebula appears as a faint halo surrounding 5th magnitude 22 Scorpii. A mag 7 companion lies 3.6' SW. As with other sections of the nebula,
the surrounding field is strangely devoid of stars and the background has a
grayish sheen as if it is feebly glowing.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4605 on a plate taken 23 Mar 1895 with the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. It's possible he discovered it visually (along with IC 4603 and 4604) as early as 1882 or 1883 with his 5" refractor, although he only claimed "for fully 10 or 12 years [before 1895] I have known of a vast region of nebulosity in Scorpius near Antares.
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16 27 14.0 -26 01 25; Sco
V = 9.1; Size 9.3'
See observing notes for
William Henry Finlay discovered IC 4606 on 26 Dec 1886 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. There is nothing at his position, though the RA was only roughly given to the nearest minute. ESO reported the number as not found and Harold Corwin called it lost. But in 2004 David Frew suggested that IC 4606 "is just an observation of the globular cluster NGC 6144 with an error in position [4.3 min of time too large]. His description fits perfectly: "follows a faint star 4.5 secs., and is 0.5 [arcmin] S." There is a 12th magnitude star on the north-preceding side of the core, so this identification seems very plausible.
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16 46 54.0 -77 29 19; Aps
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 80°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~4:3 E-W, ~36"x27" Appears to have a slightly brighter bar running ~E-W (direction of drift). A nice equal mag doube is 2.4' N (SKF 454 = 11.7/12.1 at 5"). IC 4608 is situated in a busy star field 12' ENE of mag 4.2 Beta Apus! On the DSS this galaxy has an unusual arc-shaped appearance.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4608 = D.S. 432 on a plate taken 23 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, considerably elongated at 85°, bM." ESO classifies it as an interacting system due to the unusual morphology.
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16 33 39.2 +39 15 27; Her
V = 15.5; Size 0.7'x0.2'; PA = 45°
17.5" (8/21/98): first in a small trio with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4610 = J. 3-1396, along with
IC 4611 and 4612, on 25 Jul 1903.
His position matches
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IC 4611 = MCG +07-34-112 = PGC 58498
16 33 42.3 +39 11 06; Her
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.45'; PA = 0°
17.5" (8/21/98): second of three with IC 4610 and IC 4612. Extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Contains a very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Forms the south vertex of an equilateral triangle with a mag 13.5 star 1.8' WNW and a mag 14 star 1.6' N. Appears similar to IC 4610. This identification assumes Javelle gave the wrong sign on the direction of offset from his comparison star.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4611 = J. 3-1397, along with
IC 4610, on 25 Jul 1902. There is
nothing at his position, but Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson found that
Javelle must have reserved the offset sign from his comparison star. Once corrected, his re-reduced position
falls directly on
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IC 4612 = MCG +07-34-113 = CGCG 224-072 = I Zw 157 = PGC 58505
16 33 49.6 +39 15 47; Her
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.6'
17.5" (8/21/98): brightest in a trio with IC 4610 and
IC 4611. Appears faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak
concentration. Forms the southern
vertex of a small equilateral triangle with a mag 13 star 1.0' NNW and a mag 14
star 1.0' NE. IC 4610 lies 2.0'
WSW and IC 4611 is 4.9' SSW. This
group is located one degree east of the core of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4612 = J. 3-1398, along with
IC 4610 and 4611 on 25 Jul 1903.
The IC position matches
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16 37 47.2 +36 06 54; Her
V = 14.2; Size 0.4'x0.4'
18" (6/7/08): faint (visible continuously with
averted), fairly small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", low even surface
brightness. Located 2.9' NNW of
brighter
17.5" (6/6/86): faint, small, very diffuse, a larger
but very faint halo is barely visible.
A mag 12.5 star lies 1.5' NW.
Faintest of three on a line with NGC 6196 2.9' SSE and
13.1" (8/5/83): extremely faint, very small. A faint star is off the NW edge
17" from the center. Farthest
north of a trio with NGC 6196 and
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4614 = Big. 324 on 28 Jun
1895, while searching for
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IC 4615 = NGC 6196 = UGC 10482 = MCG +06-36-058 = CGCG 196-088 = PGC 58644
16 37 53.9 +36 04 22; Her
V = 12.9; Size 2.0'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 140°
18" (6/7/08): middle and brightest of three on a line. At 260x it appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, sharply concentrated with a bright, 20" core that increases to a stellar nucleus with direct vision and a 35"x25" halo. IC 4614 lies 3' NNW and NGC 6197 is 5' SSE.
17.5" (6/6/86): brightest in the NGC 6196 group. Fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, bright core, fairly faint stellar nucleus. A pair of mag 15 stars are 1.3' S and 1.3' SSE. NGC 6196 is the middle of a linear trio with IC 4614 3.0' NNW and NGC 6197 = IC 4616 4.8' SSE. An extremely faint galaxy (2MASX J16374842+3603393) lies 1.3' SW.
13.1" (8/5/83): fairly faint, bright core.
13.1" (7/5/83): faint, small, round, small bright
core. Brightest in group located
45' W and 24' S of
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4615 = Big. 325 on 28 Aug 1886 while searching for NGC 6196. Because of Marth's poor position (off by 39 seconds of RA to far west and 1.6' too far north), he rediscovered this galaxy and misidentified NGC 6196 with a faint star. MCG and CGCG labeled this galaxy as IC 4615 and UGC didn't use either the NGC or IC designation. See Harold Corwin's notes for more on this field.
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IC 4616 = NGC 6197 = MCG +06-36-059 = CGCG 196-089 = PGC 58655
16 37 59.8 +35 59 43; Her
V = 14.5; Size 0.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 38°
18" (6/7/08): faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 20"x14". Located 5' SSE of NGC 6196 and second brightest in chain of three galaxies.
17.5" (6/6/86): faint, very small, almost round. A mag 12.5 star lies 1.5' SE. This is the second brightest and furthest south in a trio with NGC 6196 4.8' NNW and IC 4614 7.6' NNW. This galaxy is identified as IC 4616 in the CGCG and MCG and RNGC misidentifies NGC 6197 with an extremely faint companion a 1.3' SW of NGC 6196.
13.1" (8/5/83): very faint, very small, near visual threshold.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4616 on 28 Aug 1886 while searching for NGC 6197. Due to Albert Marth's very poor position for NGC 6197, Bigourdan misidentified a faint star as NGC 6197 and rediscovered NGC 6197 as Big. 426 (later IC 4616). CGCG, MCG and UGC label this galaxy as IC 4616, due to its unambiguous position, though NGC 6197 should apply by historical precedence. See NGC 6197 for more on the identification.
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16 42 08.1 +36 41 03; Her
V = 15.2; Size 50"x20"; PA = 30°
24" (6/16/12): at 280x; very faint, small, very elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~24"x10". Situated just 18" W of a mag 14.7 star that forms the southwest vertex of a small trapezoid of mag 14-15 stars.
18" (7/23/06): viewed at both 225x and 323x and appeared as an extremely faint elongated glow just west of a mag 14-14.5 star at the SW vertex of a small trapezoidal asterism of mag 14 stars. The galaxy required averted vision and was not held continuously but was visible as an elongated glow 2.5:1 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, ~0.3'x0.1', with a very low even surface brightness.
18" (7/17/04): extremely faint, very small, elongated nearly 3:1 SSW-NNE. Visible perhaps 50% of the time at 250x with averted vision. A mag 14 star is very close following (part of a small parallelogram). If I moved this object NE of center, part of the outer halo of M13 was visible at the SW edge of the field providing an interesting contrast!
17.5" (7/16/93): extremely faint, very small, slightly
elongated SSW-NNE, difficult and cannot hold continuously with averted
vision. Located about 14' NNE of
the core of M13 and 15' SW of
17.5" (7/16/88): marginal object, very small, elongated SSW-NNE, mag 14 star close following.
17.5" (8/21/87): extremely faint, very small streak oriented SW-NE. Located just west of a mag 14 star that forms one vertex of a small trapezoid of mag 14 stars. Only visible part of the time (~20%) with averted.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4617 and communicated the discovery directly to Dreyer (date and instrument unknown), but I assume it was using the 48" at Lick Observatory. His reported RA was 50 seconds of time too small but his description "S, E 29°, bM" clearly matches.
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16 57 50.0 -76 59 35; Aps
V = 12.0; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 118°
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x this highly peculiar appeared moderately bright, round, 1.1' halo, irregular surface brightness but with no distinct core. There was hint of mottling or knotty structure. On images this galaxy has an unusual twisted bar with distorted extensions.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4618 = D.S. 433 on a plate taken on 23 Jul 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!! eF, eS, 2-branch spiral."
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16 50 51.2 +08 47 01; Her
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 147°
24" (8/25/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 30"x25" NW-SE, weak concentration, slightly mottled or irregular surface brightness (probably the halo of a spiral). A mag 11.8 star is 1.2' NW and a mag 14 star is 1.4' E. Situated very close to the Ophiuchus border.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 4621 = K. 2-36 on 15 May 1890 (published in 1898) with the 18-inch refractor at Strasbourg. He identified this object as Kobold 10 (his 10th discovery) in his 1907 compilation of positions in Strasbourg Annales, Vol. 3, 1907.
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16 52 58.9 +02 24 04; Oph
V = 12.9; Size 2.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 20°
See observing notes for
E.E. Barnard found IC 4625 (= NGC 6240) on 7 Jul 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory and noted (from observing log) "Ran upon a nebula close south-preceding a 10m star. Nebula is 2 seconds p[receding] the star and 1/4' ± south." His position was 2' too far north, but the star is right at his offsets, so there is no question that IC 4625 = NGC 6240. Dreyer added the comment "? = 6240" in the IC description. See NGC 6240 for more.
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16 54 08.7 -07 38 08; Oph
Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 74°
24" (7/14/20): at 375x; very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, even surface brightness. The exact position was easy to identify as the galaxy lies 30" NW of a mag 13.3 star. Once identified, I could nearly hold it continuously with averted in my sweet spot.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4627 (date unknown), probably
with the Lick 36" refractor, and directly communcated to Dreyer without
publication. The IC description
("extremely faint, extremely small, diffused, * 12 south 12") and
position matches
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16 57 00 -40 20; Sco
Size 90'x60'
18" (6/12/10): this large HII region is embedded in the
northern half of
Tr 24 is a striking, very large, bright scattered grouping that overfills the 56' field with no distinct borders. A number of the stars appeared to be grouped into long chains with smaller knots and concentrations including vdB-Ha 202 and vdB-Ha 205.
Ru 122 = vdB-Ha 202, situated 10' NNW of mag 6.1-6.4 V861 Sco, is located in a beautifully rich region on the SW side of Tr 24. Within this string is a 15" pair of mag 10 stars and just south of a mag 9 situated 2' NW of the double is vdB-Ha 202, a faint, very rich dusting of stars that is elongated ~N-S. The cluster is dense, just 2' in length and only partially resolved. A group of faint stars spread out E-W off the south end.
vdB-Ha 205, situated 20' NE of vdB-Ha 202, consists of 20
stars mag 7.5 to 13.5 in a distinctive 4' group. The brightest star is on the NW side. The
center and south side of the group is devoid of stars. A smaller clump of stars 7' S of vdB-Ha
205 is catalogued as
8" (7/13/91 - Southern Baja): this is an emission nebula on the north side of a large open cluster Tr 24 = H12. Appears fairly faint, very large, about 30'x10' diameter and clearly elongated E-W. Shows up best with the UHC filter at 83x although visible without a filter. Includes some brighter portions. Also visible in the 16x80 finder with a UHC filter.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4628 between 1892 and 1895 on a plate taken at Lick Observatory. In Lick Publications Vol 11, 1913, Plate 37 he describes: "The coarse cluster in 16h 48m, -40.3° does not seem to be in Dreyer's lists. It is a very interesting object and appears to be connected by a scattering chain of stars, with the cluster [NGC] 6231 south of it. In its northern part is the nebula IC 4628. This was originally discovered on a plate with the Willard lens, but no announcement was made of it. It is a large nebula one half degree in diameter and of irregular form and brightness. A photograph with the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mount Wilson in 1905 (June 21) shows the irregular group of stars and the nebula very beautifully. There are still fainter portions that extend half a degree to the northeast. The nebulosity, apparently, does not condense about any one of the stars and is probably not actually connected with the cluster."
Royal Harwood Frost also found IC 4628 = F. 1148 on a photographic place taken in 1903 with the 24-inch Bruce photographic refractor at Harvard's Arequipa station and both are credited in the IC. The nebula was also reported in 1909 on a photograph taken by Harry E. Wood with the Franklin-Adams camera at the Transvaal Observatory in Johannesburg. It was imaged again in 1921-1922 at the Helwan Observatory in Egypt and described as "faint, extending 30' in R.A. and 15' in Declinatin, typical galactic nebula."
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16 55 09.6 +26 39 46; Her
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.5'; PA = 6°
24" (6/30/16): at 322x; fairly faint/moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 25"x20", very small bright core and stellar nucleus. I wasn't confident about seeing the tidal tail to the south. A mag 10 star is 4.4' SSW (brightest star in a small asterism) and another is 4.3' NE.
24" (7/14/15): at 375x, fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~22"x16". Contains a bright stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus. I had a couple of definite "pops" of the tidal tail extending to the south.
24" (7/24/14): at 375x, this post-merger system appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.3'. Strongly concentrated with a very small bright core containing very bright, sharp stellar nucleus. With careful viewing, there was a very strong impression of an extension (tidal plume) extending south. The narrow tidal tail extending northeast on the SDSS image was not seen.
18" (7/12/10): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 0.6'x0.4'. Sharply concentrated with a very small bright core. Forms the vertex of a flat isosceles triangle with a mag 10 star 4.4' SSW and another mag 10 stars a similar distance northeast.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4630 = J. 3-1400 on 27 Jul
1903 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory. He recorded "F, R, 20",
stellar nucleus of mag 14." and measured an accurate position.
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17 13 47.0 -77 32 10; Aps
V = 13.0; Size 4.0'x3.0'; Surf Br = 15.5; PA = 146°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, very
large, slightly elongated NW-SE, low surface brightness. Contains a relatively small brighter
core. The halo appears to fade
into the background with no distinct edge but perhaps 3' along the major
axis. Brightest in a trio (KTS 54)
with
IC 4633 resides in a fairly rich star field 15' W of mag 8.7
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4633 = D.S. 437 on a plate taken 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "!very faint, cL, considerably brighter middle, possibly spiral."
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IC 4634 = PK 0+12.1 = ESO 587-1 = PN G000.3+12.2 = HD 153655
17 01 33.6 -21 49 34; Oph
V = 10.9; Size 11"x9"
8" (6/30/22): at 109x; appears as a fairly bright blue "star", which is fainter than a mag 10 star 6' S, but slightly brighter than the mag 11 star 4.6' SSE. A narrowband filter turns up the contrast 2-3 mags and it appears significantly brighter than the mag 10 star. Increasing to 176x shows a slightly non-stellar halo and 229x reveals an obvious small disc ~10" diameter. IC 4634 is at the midpoint of the mag 11 star to the south and a similar star to the NNW.
14.5" (7/7/21): at 182x; very bright, compact, high surface brightness disc ~10" diameter. Good but not excellent contrast gain with UHC filter. At 264x; fairly strong blue color, nice small disc. At 352x, the central star was visible in a high surface brightness oval disc, elongated NNW-SSE, ~15"x10". Situated midway between two mag 10.5 stars ~4.5' N and S.
18" (8/19/09): picked up immediately at 225x as a bright, 11th magnitude, very small, bluish disc, ~8" diameter. Responds well to blinking with an OIII filter. At 450x, the high surface brightness 8" disc has an irregular outline and is surrounded by a thin, very faint envelope that increases the diameter to ~12". In moments of better seeing, a very faint central star emerges within the high surface brightness glow. A distinctive right triangle of mag 12-13 stars follows (closest star is 1.3' due east).
18" (7/22/06): picked up at 225x as a bright, small, blue disc of very high surface brightness. Good contrast gain using the UHC filter. Appears much brighter than the similar mag 11 star using the filter. At 435x, the planetary is slightly elongated N-S, ~10"x8" with a strong flash of a central star. There appears to be a much fainter, very thin envelope encasing the high surface brightness disc. Similar view at 565x though the elongation was clearer and the outer envelope increased in size to ~15"x11".
17.5" (7/16/93): very bright compact planetary. A very small disc is visible at 220x. At 410x, appears as a small disc about 10" diameter, slightly elongated. Unusually high surface brightness. Estimate V = 11-11.5. A similar mag 11 star lies 4.6' N.
8" (6/19/82): fairly bright, very small, blue-green color. Appears stellar at 100x and just non-stellar at 200x. A small disc is clearly visible at 400x. Located 5' S of a similar mag 11 star.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4634 = Fleming 72 in 1894 on an objective-prism plate taken at the Harvard's Arequipa station. It was included in a list of "stars having peculiar spectra", published in Astronomy & Astro-physics, Vol. XIII, 1894. The notes section mentions "An observation of this object on May 10, 1894, with the 15-inch equatorial, by Mr. O.C. Wendall, confirms the photographic results. Its visual spectrum is the same as that of other gaseous nebulae and it presents a hazy disc when seen with a high power.
Based on Crossley photographs at Lick, Curtis (1918) reported "the oval disk fades out slightly toward the edges; is 10"x7" in short and 11"x9" in long exposures. There are faint ansae in 160-340°, making the total length 20"."
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IC 4635 = ESO 044-005 = KTS 54B = PGC 59959
17 15 39.2 -77 29 22; Aps
V = 14.0; Size 3.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 14.6; PA = 165°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 244x and 397x; faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.2'x0.25', low surface brightness. A distracting mag 13 star is superimposed at or very close to the west edge of the south end. Only the portion of the galaxy north of this star was obvious. A ghostly extension south of the star was just suspected. The nucleus of the galaxy is a very small brighter spot 0.6' N of the superimposed star. A mag 10 star lies 4.3' ESE.
IC 4635 is the second in a trio (KTS 54) with IC 4633 6.7' SW and ESO 044-010 16' NE. Like IC 4633, this galaxy resides among streams of very faint galactic nebulosity (IFN) in a very photogenic field.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4635 = D.S. 438 on a plate taken 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, eS, considerably brighter in the middle"
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17 05 10.5 -40 53 09; Sco
V = 11.7; Size 21"x17"
14.5" (7/7/21): picked up using 140x as a small bright disc ~15" diameter, between mag 11.5-12.0. Excellent contrast gain blinking with a UHC filter! The blue-grey disc was better seen at 182x and the mag 13 central star was often visible. Easily takes 226x, despite a very low elevation at -41° declination. Appears oval with a fairly sharp central star. A small equilateral triangle of mag 11.5-12 stars is ~3' S. Located 2° E of the naked-eye stream of stars to the north of NGC 6231. To identify the field, I located a distinct arc (1.5' length) of 4 stars situated 15' NW.
13.1" (4/10/86): at 166x, fairly bright, small, about
15" diameter, estimate V = 12.0.
At 214x the mag 13 central star is visible in good moments, otherwise
the planetary has a brighter center.
The disc can be resolved at 79x.
Located 13' N of mag 8
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4637 = Fleming 96 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Boyden station in Arequipa, Peru (Harvard Circular 60).
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17 01 13.7 +33 30 47; Her
V = 14.9; Size 0.55'x0.55'
24" (7/18/20): at 375x; very faint and small, round, 15" diameter, low even surface brightness. Just held continuously once it was picked up. Located 6' SW of 5.3-magnitude 59 Herculi and 2.6' NW of a mag 9.7 star.
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4638 on 25 Mar 1889 with the Lick 36-inch refractor while observing nearby 5th magnitude 59 Herculi. He didn't measure an offset at the time, though Barnard made measurements from 59 Her on 19 May 1889 (his computed position is accurate) and added the note "nebula is very small and very faint - power = 175". Burnham later measured the offset with the Yerkes 40-inch refractor in 1899 and reported the measures in the appendix of his 1900 General Catalogue of Double Stars.
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17 23 58.3 -80 03 51; Aps
Size 1.2'x1.1'
25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; fairly faint, diffuse,
round, 30" diameter, no distinct core. A mag 12.7 star is 1' S. In a trio (KTS 55) with
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4640 = D.S. 439 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.
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IC 4641 = ESO 024-002 = KTS 55B = PGC 60221
17 24 10.3 -80 08 51; Aps
Size 1.4'x1.2'; PA = 29°
25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; faint, fairly large, round, 1' diameter, very diffuse glow with a low surface brightness and no core. A very wide pair of 13th mag stars are close SE [by 0.8' and 1.4']. In a trio (KTS 55) with IC 4640 5' N and IC 4647 5.6' SE.
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4641 = D.S. 440 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.
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17 11 45.3 -55 24 01; Ara
V = 12.4; Size 18"x15"
18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, small, round, compact planetary in a rich star field. Picked up immediately at 171x and UHC filter as the 15" disc was obvious. At 228x the surface seemed a bit irregular with a hint of a starry center. Located just north of the midpoint connecting Beta and Zeta Arae, 2° ESE and 2° WSW.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4642 = Fleming 96 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60) .
Harlow Shapley reported it as a PN with the designation IC 4642 in a 1936 paper "Five Planetary Nebulae and a Globular Cluster" (Harvard Bulletin 902). He noted "IC 4642 was found and recognized a planetary nebulae on a Harvard spectrum plate by Mrs. Fleming in 1901." Shapley's announcement also includes Shapley 1 and 3.
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17 08 32.9 +42 20 19; Her
V = 13.4; Size 2.3'x1.4'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 115°
See observing notes for
Johann Palisa found IC 4643 (= NGC 6301) on 6 Oct 1896 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at the Vienna Observatory. His micrometric position in AN 143 (#3412) matches NGC 6301. It's surprising that both Dreyer and Palisa missed the equivalence.
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IC 4647 = ESO 024-005 = KTS 55C = PGC 60280
17 26 03.7 -80 11 42; Aps
Size 1.5'x0.7'; PA = 177°
25" (10/27/22 - OzSky): at 318x; fairly faint, elongated 3:2 N-S, 24"x15", very small bright nucleus. A mag 15.6 star is at the south end. In a trio (KTS 55) with IC 4641 5.6' NW and IC 4640 9.5' NW.
Delisle Stewart discovered IC 4647 = D.S. 443 from a plate taken on 17 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station.
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IC 4649 = IC 1252 = UGC 10788 = MCG +10-24-120 = CGCG 299-068 = PGC 59962
17 15 50.4 +57 22 01; Dra
V = 14.5; Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 142°
See observing notes for IC 1252.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4649 = Big. 429 on 5 Sep 1888. According to Harold Corwin, IC 4649 is a duplicate entry for IC 1252 = Big. 217, and was noted by Bigourdan in his Table II on new nebulae and stemmed from an error in record keeping.
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17 24 29 -49 56 00; Ara
V = 6.9; Size 12'
11" (8/8/04 - from top of Haleakala Crater): IC 4651
was first noticed in my 10x30 IS binoculars while looking at
James Dunlop discovered IC 4651= D 402 on 28 Jul 1826 and described it as "a very fine round cluster of very small stars, slightly compressed to the centre, about 8' diameter, not very rich." His mean position (based on 3 observations) was on the south side of the cluster.
John Herschel didn't confirm Dunlop's observation despite his decent position and as a result it didn't receive a NGC designation. Solon Bailey rediscovered the cluster on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" lens at the Arequipa station. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII, 1908). Bailey was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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17 47 06.4 -64 38 25; Pav
V = 11.3; Size 2.8'x1.6'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 105°
18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x, this irregular galaxy has a disrupted appearance or perhaps is interacting with a companion. The structure is difficult to separate but the brighter component on the northeast side is moderately bright, small, elongated WNW-ESE. Attached on the south side is a larger, but fainter extension oriented nearly perpendicular to the brighter component. A faint star is at the edge. IC 4662 is located just 10' NE of mag 3.7 Eta Pavonis and the bright star interferes with viewing if left in the field.
According to the article "Star formation in the
irregular galaxy IC 4662" (A&A, 1990, 234, 99) the elongated knot on
the northeast side contains two giant HII regions comparable to the 30 Doradus
complex! IC 4662 is identical to
He 2-269 (
Robert Innes discovered IC 4662 visually in 1901 with the 7-inch Merz refractor at the Cape of Good Hope. He noted "a faint oval nebula 1' in diameter, N.p. Eta Pavonis. Found with the 7-inch." Based on plates taken at Arequipa also in 1901, though not published until 1908, DeLisle Stewart described it as "F, S, irr, 2 st. inv." Stewart referenced Innes' discovery announcement in MN 62, 470.
Based on plates taken before 1930 with the 60-inch reflector (mirror from Andrew Ainslie Common) at Harvard's Boyden Station at Bloemfontein in South Africa, Harlow Shapley and John S. Paraskevopoulos wrote: "A new object of the Magellanic Cloud type is revealed by the photograph of IC 4662 [which] is resolved on the 60-inch plates, but its brightest stars are of about the nineteenth magnitude, with star clusters up to the fifteenth magnitude or brighter."
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17 45 28.6 -44 54 18; Sco
V = 12.1; Size 14"x12"
13.1" (7/12/86): at 166x a nice disc about 15" diameter is clearly visible. Appears brighter than planetary Hb 4 by half a magnitude, estimate V = 12.5. Easily takes 214x power and a mag 13 star is visible 45" ENE of center. Located 17' N of double star HJ 4973 = 8.3/9.1 at 13.1". Very far south for viewing from Northern California.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4663 = Fleming 97 in 1901 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).
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17 46 18 +05 43; Oph
V = 4.2; Size 41'
15x50mm IS binoculars (6/19/09): easy naked-eye cluster just 1.3° NNE of Beta Oph. Beautifully resolved in binoculars into 25-30 stars.
8" (5/80): very bright, very large, overfills 100x field (40'), scattered, includes STF 2212 = 8.5/9.0 at 3". Naked-eye cluster with averted vision (1.3° NNE of mag 2.8 Beta Oph) and bright and resolved in 10x50 binoculars.
Philippe Loys de Chéseaux discovered IC 4665 in 1745-46 from Switzerland. Although his list of nebulae was presented to the Académie des Sciences in 1746 it was not generally known until Bigourdan published it in 1892. John Bode independently discovered the cluster around 1782.
Wolfgang Steinicke's research found that William Herschel independently discovered the cluster on 15 Jul 1781 during his second star review with his 6.2" reflector. He noted a "a fine cluster of small stars" near Beta Ophiuchi. Caroline Herschel also found it on 31 Jul 1783 with her 4.2" comet-sweeper. She wrote, "a cluster of stars. I counted about 50 in the field; rather more or less. (My Brother's)." The same evening William confimred it in his 6.2" as a "Cluster of Stars. 1 1/3 degree from Beta Serpentarii towards S. It consists of about 14 to 16 large ones with several very small ones between. 7-ft, compound [eye]piece. Lina found them [not remembering his earlier observation]."
Solon Bailey also discovered the cluster on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" (f/13) Cook lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was reported in the 1908 "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII). Although it was previous observed multiple times visually, Bailey was miscredited with the discovery in the IC. Of course, the cluster is easily seen as a fuzzy patch naked-eye, so it was likely noticed much earlier than de Chéseaux's telescopic discovery..
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17 47 12.9 +61 26 03; Dra
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 94°
18" (6/21/03): faint, moderately large, very elongated
3:1 E-W, 1.0'x0.3'. Low, even
surface brightness. Located 4' WSW
of mag 9.7
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4669 = Big. 328 on 24 Sep
1895. His Comptes Rendus position (used in the IC2) is 1' north of
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IC 4670 = Hb 6 = PK 7+1.1 = PN G007.2+01.8
17 55 07.0 -21 44 41; Sgr
V = 13.3; Size 7"
24" (7/23/20): at 220x, 375x and 550x; bright, very small, round, 5"-7" diameter. Excellent response to a UHC filter. Appears brighter along the rim on the N to W quadrant. A mag 10.7 star is 2' NE. The PN is brighter than the mag 13.6 star is 40" E but fainter than the mag 12 star is 3' E, so perhaps mag 12.5-13. The double star ARA 1504 (10.6/11.9 at 9") is 5' SSE
17.5" (3/20/93): at 220x appears moderately bright (estimate V = 12-12.5) and a very small disc is clearly visible. Good response to an OIII filter. Appears brighter than a mag 13 star 40" E and just fainter than a mag 11.9 star 2.9' E. A double star mag 9.6/11.2 at 7" in PA 163° is 5' SSE.
13.1" (7/12/86): at 79x, faint, stellar, verified with OIII blinking. A mag 11 comparison star is 2.0' NW. At 166x a very small disc is visible which is brighter at the center. The disc was quite clear at 214x, estimate V = 12.5-13.0.
Joseph Lunt discovered IC 4670 visually in 1901 with the Cape Observatory 24-inch Grubb refractor (the "Victoria spectroscopic telescope" erected in 1898) fitted with an object-glass prism. He described it as stellar, mag 12-13 and situated "immediately S.f. C.P.D. -21[deg] 6502". He noted "The nebula is 2.5 seconds preceding a slightly brighter star of the same declination." It was also photographed on 2 plates in 1901. Although his position is 3.5' too far south, the identification is certain.
Hubble reported IC 4670 as a new planetary after it was found on plates taken in 1920 with a 10-inch Cooke Astrographic Lens with objective prisms attached. The equivalence with IC 4670 was not noticed by the ESO catalogue (1982). Kent Wallace reported IC 4670 was identical to Hb 6 in 1990.
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18 03 18.4 -27 06 23; Sgr
V = 13.0; Size 16"
24" (7/11/18): at 200x; moderately bright, fairly small, roundish disc in a rich star field. Very good contrast gain using a NPB filter. Excellent view at 375x; irregularly round, slightly elongated ~NW-SE, slightly clumpy rim. Situated 30" of a mag 12 star that forms the southwest vertex of a small "Keystone" asterism. A 7" pair of stars is 2' WSW with a third wider star to the north. No central star visible.
18" (8/14/07): picked up at 174x as a very small, round
disc. Excellent response to a UHC
filter and appeared to increase in size.
Best view was at 300x, which showed a well-defined 15" disc. Located close 30" SW of a mag 12
star and 2' ENE of a mag 10 star.
The mag 12 star forms the western vertex of a small trapezoid of mag
11-12 stars with sides 1'-2'. At
73x this planetary shares the same field, 45' N of
18" (7/16/07): at 225x and UHC filter appears as a
moderately bright mag 13 disc of just 15" diameter with a sharp, crisply
defined halo. A mag 12 star lies
33" NE. At 323x the western
side was perhaps slightly brighter.
Located 45' N of
17.5" (7/5/86): at 220x appears fairly bright and a small round disc is clearly visible about 20" diameter. Prominent with a Daystar 300 filter and a slight oval shape is discernable at 286x and a UHC filter. Estimate V = 12.5.
E.E. Barnard visually discovered IC 4673 on 19 Aug 1895 while making measures of the diameter of Ceres with the 36-inch Lick refractor. He described it as "round, slightly ill defined, of uniform brightness and no central star. The measured diameter of this object was 13.6". I should class it as being of the 13th magnitude."
Minkowski entered it as the 36th object in his first
discovery list (
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17 58 16.0 +66 37 59; Dra
48" (4/1/11): IC 4677 appeared as a prominent triangular or wedge-shaped knot with the vertex pointing east, situated 1.8' due west of center near the edge of the outer halo of NGC 6543 (Cat's Eye Nebula). This shock-excited condensation or "flier (flocculi) appeared much larger than previously seen, ~50"x30", and brighter along a well-defined, straight southern edge. The north side is brightest near the east end at the vertex. A 15th magnitude star lies 45" NE and a mag 9.8 star is 1.2' NW. A second fainter (uncatalogued) knot in the outer halo is located 2.6' ESE of center, just 30" N of a mag 14.5 star. This knot was only 15"-20" in size and had a low surface brightness.
18" (6/20/04): easily visible at 160x using a UHC filter as a slightly elongated, low surface brightness glow 1.7' W of center of NGC 6543 and 1.5' SE of a mag 11 star which lies 2.7' WNW of NGC 6543. This shock-excited knot in the outer halo was elongated 3:2 SW-NE, roughly 20"x13". At 225x it was barely visible unfiltered, but could be held continuously at this power adding a UHC filter.
17.5" (6/3/00): at 140x with a UHC filter, this ionized knot in the outer halo of the Cat's Eye was faint but clearly visible as a low surface brightness arc, located just south of the midpoint of the line connecting the geometric center of the PN with a mag 11 star 2.7' NW.
17.5" (11/1/97): this unusual object is a irregular knot in the outer halo of NGC 6543 1.7' W of center and appearing visually completely detached from the bright planetary. Suspected at 220x without filtration close to a mag 15 star located 1' NW of the planetary. Using a UHC filter, IC 4677 is clearly visible with averted vision as a very faint elongated patch, ~25"x15" oriented SW-NE. Requires averted for a good view but can almost hold continuously. Also visible at 140x with OIII filter and 280x with the UHC, but 220x provided the best view.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4677 visually on 24 Apr 1900 with the 40-inch Yerkes refractor. He carefully measured the relative position from NGC 6543 as 16.5 seconds of RA preceding and just 5" north in declination (from his handwritten notes in notebook #24). Barnard made additional observations in March 1908.
Harold Corwin comments that Vorontsov-Velyaminov"
included it in his first list [1959] of interacting galaxies (where it is No.
121) and in the MCG (it is
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18 06 36 -23 57; Sgr
17.5" (7/20/96): at 82x, very subtle glow around a pair of mag 8.5/10 stars. Somewhat difficult at low power to identify with certainty due to location in a rich Milky Way field and the nearby nebulous glow from M8. Better at 140x-220x, where a fairly obvious 3' glow is visible. No noticeable improvement with filters.
17.5" (6/8/96): at 220x a low surface brightness halo of 3' diameter is visible around a pair of mag 8/9 stars at 50" separation. Very weak if any enhancement with OIII filter (reflection nebula?). On photos the nebula is centered on the fainter SW mag 9 star.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4678 photographically using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson in July 1905. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentioned "There is a small, elongated nebula in the position 1860.0 17h 59m 25s± -23d 53m±". Although there is nothing at that location, Harold Corwin suggests this refers to a small nebula northeast of M8, located about 1.5 min of RA west of Barnard's position, and centered at 18 06 32.3 -23 57 31. See Corwin's notes.
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18 11 24.5 -56 15 16; Tel
V = 13.1; Size 2.2'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 99°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and
large, elongated 3:1 E-W, ~1.5'x0.5', broad, fairly weak concentration with a
brighter core. Sits between two
groups of bright stars. Two mag 10
stars lie 6' NW and mag 8.7
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4679 = DS 452 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru.
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18 16 25.7 -71 34 53; Pav
V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 144°
24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at
200x appeared bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.5'x1.0', fairly
well concentrated with a brighter core.
Several mag 13-14 stars surround the galaxy with a couple of faint stars
at both the NW and NE edge of the halo.
This is fairly bright galaxy to be missed by John Herschel and 54' E is
a bright pair of galaxies,
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4682 = DS 454 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, cS, considerably elongated at 140°, stell N."
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18 09 09 -23 26 06; Sgr
Size 3'x2'
17.5" (7/24/95): very difficult reflection nebula surrounding a mag 9.5 star with a faint very close companion, appears ~2' diameter. Located east of a breathtakingly rich Milky Way stream of stars. Verified only by comparison with similar nearby stars and probably would not have suspected otherwise due to location in rich field with patches of unresolved haze.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4684 photographically in Jul 1905 using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentions "There is a conspicuous, small nebula or nebulous star in the position 1860.0 18h 0m 35s± -23° 26'±." His position is close north of the double star mentioned in my observation.
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18 09 17.7 -23 59 18; Sgr
Size 10'x8'
17.5" (6/20/87): at 88x with UHC filter appears as a
very large, extensive region of nebulosity just west of NGC 6559 and extended
N-S. Mag 7.4
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4685 photographically in Jul 1905 using the 10-inch Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson. In describing the region surrounding M8 (see AN 4239), he mentions "The star Gou 24695 of 7 and 1/2 magnitude is the center of a larger but very diffused condensation." The IC position corresponds with mag 7.4 HD 165921.
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18 13 38.6 -57 43 57; Pav
V = 14.2; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, small,
fairly high surface brightness, roundish, 20" diameter, very small bright
core. Forms the southern member of a contact, interacting pair with NGC 4687
[27" bewtween centers] and the middle galaxy in an excellent triplet (KTS
57) with
Royal Frost discovered IC 4686 = F. 1152 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "bM, magn 14".
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18 13 39.6 -57 43 31; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 51°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): IC 4687 is the largest and northernmost of an excellent, close interacting triplet (AM 1809-574 = KTS 57). At 397x it appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~SW-NE, ~0.6'x0.4', well concentrated with a very small bright core. IC 4686 is at the south edge, just 27" between centers and IC 4689 is 1.4' S! Situated in a rich star field 14' NE of an excellent close double HJ 5029 = 8.3/8.6 at 1.8".
On the HST image of the trio, IC 4687 has a disrupted, chaotic appearance of gas and dust with a tidal plume to the north. It appears merged with IC 4686 on its south side.
Royal Frost discovered IC 4687 = F. 1153 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "bM, magn 14". The same description was noted for nearby IC 4686 and 4689.
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18 08 11.9 +11 42 44; Oph
V = 13.1; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 164°
24" (7/15/15): fairly faint, roundish, 1.0' diameter,
fairly low surface brightness, no noticeable central brightening. Situated in a rich star field.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4688 visually on 4 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "A very faint nebula, diffused, not large." "It is pretty close p a 12 mag star. This pointing with low power." The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer.
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IC 4689 = ESO 140-011 = AM 1809-574 S = KTS 57C = PGC 61604
18 13 40.3 -57 44 53; Pav
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.35'; PA = 141°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~30"x15", contains a very small bright elongated core. A mag 13.4 star is 30" NE. IC 4689 is the southernmost of an interacting compact triplet (KTS 57) with IC 4687 and 4686 just 1' N.
Royal Frost discovered IC 4689 = F. 1154 on a plate taken 1 Aug 1904 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "bM, magn 14".
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IC 4691 = CGCG 084-019 = PGC 61456
18 08 45.6 +11 49 48; Oph
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 150°
24" (7/15/15): faint, small, round, 15" diameter. A mag 15 star is attached on the northeast side. IC 4688 lies 11' SW.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4691 visually on 12 May 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "Found another nebula [besides IC 2193], vS, F. Another faint nebula suspected 15' +/- p this." Two nights later he added "with high power it appears to have one or two faint stars involved. It is irregular in form and brightness. The nebula suspected 15' +/- p[receding] it not verified but still suspected." The second nebula probably refers to IC 4688. The discovery was apparently communicated directly to Dreyer.
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18 12 26.9 +25 25 38; Her
Size 0.85'x0.2'
17.5" (7/1/89 and 8/3/89): faint, very small, slightly
elongated ~N-S, very small bright core.
Forms an interacting pair with
UGC 11155 appeared extremely faint, fairly small, round, very low surface brightness. Larger but fainter than IC 4697.
UGC 11156 appeared faint, small, irregularly round, small bright core, stellar nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 4697 = J. 3-1402 on 29 Jul 1903.
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18 18 32.0 -45 59 02; Tel
V = 12.7; Size 5"
13.1" (7/12/86): at 79x and 166x appears very faint and
stellar. Verified with both OIII
and UHC filters. Estimate V = 13.0
but may be brighter due to the very low elevation of object from Northern California. Uncertain if a very small disc was
visible at 166x or bloated due to seeing this close to the horizon. Located 3.5' NW of mag 8.8
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4699 = Fleming 98 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).
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18 17 05 -19 52 00; Sgr
Size 4'x3'
See observing notes for NGC 6590.
IC 4700 was mentioned by E.E. Barnard in AN 5239 (1908) in a review of photographic nebulae titled "Some notes on nebulae and nebulosities." He noted that the BD -19°4946, the central star of NGC 6590 = NGC 6595, was "densely nebulous" and "somewhat extended nf and sp", though the latter statement was misassigned to BD -19°4881. See NGC 6590 for more on this number.
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18 18 48 -13 48; Ser
Size 35'x28'
13.1" (8/17/85): a thin dark "finger" extends towards the cluster, positioned just south and beyond the two bright mag 9 stars near the center. This is an extension of the wider projection seen previously several times and which is better defined along the south edge.
13.1" (8/16/82): the "Eagle Nebula" is a fairly bright 30' nebulosity in a striking outstretched eagle shape with a bright scattered cluster superimposed. There is a considerable contrast gain to the nebulosity using a UHC or OIII filter. With a Daystar 300 filter, a dark projection (called the "Star Queen") enters on the southeast edge of the nebula and extends inward to the west. The cluster members surrounding the "head" of the eagle include ten mag 8-10 stars and a bright pair of mag 8.5 stars (8.2/8.8 at 27"). A dark triangular wedge is visible off the north side.
13.1" (5/26/84): the dark protrusion was fairly easy at 88x using a filter.
Isaac Roberts probably first imaged IC 4703, the nebulosity
involved in
Although Roberts is credited with the discovery in the IC, Wolfgang Steinicke notes in his book on the history of the NGC that Etienne Leopold Trouvelot made a visual discovery in 1876 with the U.S. Naval Observatory 26-inch Clark refractor. Trouvelot mentioned "..described by Sir J. Herschel as a loose cluster of at least 100 stars, I have found to be involved in an extensive, although not very bright, nebula, which seems to have escaped his scrutiny. In a study and drawing of this nebula made in 1876, its general form is that of an open fan, with the exception that handle is wanting, with deeply indented branches on the preceding side, where the brightest stars of the cluster are grouped. From this peculiar form, this object might be appropriately be called the Fan Nebula."
Independently, Robert Innes, observing in 1914 at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, reported "with the 9-inch refractor the nebula is just visible and it fills the perimeter of the cluster with faint extensions beyond."
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IC 4704 = ESO 071-011 = PGC 61906 = LGG 420-002
18 27 53.6 -71 36 36; Pav
V = 12.1; Size 1.5'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 165°
24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia):
moderately bright, moderately large, sharply concentrated with an intense
20" core surrounded by a much lower surface brightness halo ~1.2' in
diameter, that fades out at the periphery. In a group with IC 4705 5.1' SSE and
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at
260x, appeared fairly bright, moderately large, sharply concentrated with a
very bright 25" core and a much fainter 1' halo. Forms the north vertex of a near isosceles triangle with mag
7.7
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4704 = D.S. 462 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cB, bM."
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IC 4705 = ESO 071-012 = PGC 61914 = LGG 420-005
18 28 10.3 -71 41 38; Pav
V = 12.7; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 48°
24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): moderately bright, fairly large, fairly diffuse glow with only a weak concentration, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'. A 20" pair of mag 14 stars is at the south edge of the halo and two extremely faint stars are superimposed on the north side. Located 5.1' SSE of IC 4704, nearly at the midpoint of a line connecting IC 4704 and a mag 8 star (HD 168873), located 6' SSE of IC 4705. IC 4712 lies 14' E.
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x appeared fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated 1.0'x0.8', fairly low surface brightness with a weak central concentration. Located 6' NNW of mag 8 HD 168873 and 5' SSE of IC 4704.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4705 = D.S. 463 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, eS, R."
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18 19 35.7 -16 00 36; Sgr
Size 5'
18" (8/2/05): an identical wide pair of mag 9 stars (HD
168276 and
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4706 and 4707 photographically in
Jul/Aug 1905 using the 10-inch
Bruce telescope at Mt. Wilson. In
describing the region surrounding M17 = Swan Nebula (see AN 4239), he wrote,
"Preceding the brightest portion of the nebula, by about 15', are two
small stars involved in a small nebulosity. These stars are BD -16°4812 [IC 4706] and -16°4813 [
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IC 4707 = Ced 160b = Simeis 3-140 = Gum 81b
18 19 39.4 -16 01 20; Sgr
Size 5'
18" (8/2/05): an identical wide pair of mag 9 stars (HD 168276 and HD 168302) at 1.2' separation seemed to be encased in a very faint, roundish nebulosity at 115x. The eastern star corresponds with IC 4707. Only a weak contrast gain was noticed using an OIII filter, so this must be a low excitation region. At the southeast edge of the field a portion of M17 is visible - IC 4706/4707 is probably an outlying patch of the Swan Nebula.
See identification notes for IC 4707.
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18 13 46.2 +61 09 26; Dra
Size 0.5'x0.4'
24" (7/19/12): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, ~18"x15". A mag 13 star lies 36" W. Located on the SE side of a group of 8 NGC galaxies (all B mag 15.2 or fainter) discovered by Swift.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 4708 = Ho III-21 on 11 Sep 1899 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He noted "eF, eS, v diff.' near [NGC] 6617." His micrometric position is very accurate.
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18 28 38.0 -66 58 56; Pav
V = 11.9; Size 3.6'x2.8'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 5°
24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly
bright, large, elongated 3:2 ~NW-SE, ~2.5'x1.5', weak concentration with no
distinct core. A faint star (or knot) is superimposed near the center. Located 10.8' WSW of mag 6.6
IC 4710 is a knotty dwarf irregular galaxy that is dominated by a bar, much like the Large Magellanic Cloud, with a number of H II regions strung out along the bar and scattered in the outer parts. Member of the relatively nearby NGC 6744 group at a distance of ~25 million light years.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4710 = D.S. 465 on a plate taken on 18 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, R, little brighter in the middle."
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IC 4712 = ESO 071-014 = LGG 420-003 = PGC 61981
18 31 06.9 -71 41 37; Pav
V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 60°
24" (4/12/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly
bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, 1.5'x1.0', fairly weak
concentration. Unusual appearance
as a brighter mag 12 is superimposed at the WSW edge. Located 13' WNW of mag 7.0
24" (4/11/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x appeared fairly bright, moderately large elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 1.6'x0.8'. Unusual appearance with a mag 11.5 star right at the WSW tip. In a group with IC 4704, IC 4705 and IC 4712.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4712 = D.S. 466 on a plate taken on 20 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."
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18 16 54 -18 31; Sgr
Size 120'x60''
8" (7/3/80): IC 4715 refers to the remarkable Small
Sagittarius Star Cloud (prominent naked eye object). Best view at very low power as it extends beyond the edges
of the field. The rich open
cluster
Charles Messier "discovered"
William Herschel apparently first observed M24 on 2 Aug 1783 with his 12-inch ("small 20-ft") and noted "considerable stars in great number." John Herschel lists his cluster h2004 = NGC 6603 as M24, so he didn't realize the Messier entry applied to the entire star cloud, not the small embedded cluster. This mistake was repeated in the General Catalog (GC) as well as the NGC, though Dreyer added the note: "h2004 = M24. h's two observations hardly consist with this description [!, Cl, vRi, vmC, R, st 15 (M Way)], and their deviation of nearly +3m from Messier's place makes it very doubtful whether he really saw this object." In the 1960s (and his 1975 book "Search for the Nebulae"), Kenneth Glyn Jones equated M24 with the star cloud and NGC 6603 with the embedded cluster.
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18 33 17.2 -57 58 33; Pav
V = 13.3; Size 1.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 94°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): moderately bright,
very elongated ~5:1 E-W, 1.3'x0.3', somewhat concentrated to a very small,
slightly brighter nucleus. Located
in a fairly rich star field with a number of brighter mag 10 stars including
mag 9.3
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4717 = D.S. 470 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, S, extremely elongated at 95°, stell N."
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18 33 32.7 -58 24 25; Pav
V = 12.8; Size 2.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 163°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
moderately large, elongated 7:2 NNW-SSE, 1.8'x0.5', slightly brighter
core. A star is superimposed NNW
of the core. Located 8.5' NW of
brighter and larger
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4720 = D.S. 472 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, S, extremely elongated at 165°, considerably brighter middle."
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IC 4721 = ESO 140-027 = PGC 62066
18 34 24.1 -58 29 45; Pav
V = 11.6; Size 5.2'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 146°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright,
large, elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 4.0'x1.3', broad concentration with a large,
mottled core, irregular surface brightness with a hint of spiral
structure. A faint star is
embedded on the southeast side and a mag 15 star is just south of the southeast
end. IC 4721 forms a very close
pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4721 = D.S. 474 on a plate taken on 14 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "F, cL, E at 150°, form of Andromeda neb."
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18 35 56.2 -63 22 36; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
fairly small, round, 30" diameter, weak concentration. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo
II cluster is located 23' ESE of
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4723 = D.S. 476 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, R."
Harlow Shapley misclassified NGC 6630 and IC 4723 as a pair of planetaries in his 1936 article "Five Planetary Nebulae and a Globular Cluster" (Harvard Bulletin No. 902). The same list includes Shapley 1, Shapley 3 and IC 4642.
Evans & Thackeray (1950) first imaged IC 4723 (Plate II, No. 19) with the 74-inch Radcliffe telescope in Pretoria, South Africa and questioned the PN classification. "We find (Plate II, Fig. 20) a curious round object of diameter about 19" with three distinct nuclei running along a north-south line across it. The designation as a planetary again [as well as NGC 6630] seems doubtful." As a result of Shapley's error, IC 4723 is listed as a PN in Burnham's "Celestial Handbook", MOL (Master Optical List), Becvar's "Atlas Coeli - II Katalog 1950", and the NGC 2000.0 catalogue (Sinnott). Also, the first edition of Sky Atlas 2000.0 and Becvar's "Atlas of the Heavens" plot it as a PN. It was omitted, though, in Perek and Kohoutek's 1967 Catalogue of Galactic Planetary Nebula.
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18 31 36 -19 15; Sgr
V = 4.6; Size 32'
17.5" (8/27/92): about 100 stars in 30' field although fills 45' field at 82x. The densest portion in the center is a group of 7 fairly bright stars situated between two bright stars mag 6.5 (U Sgr) and 8.0 oriented E-W. U Sagittarii (6.3-7.0) is located at the east end and is the brightest star in the cluster. Just south of this group is a long dark lane void of stars oriented E-W that appears darker than the background. Bordering the south edge of this dark lane is an elongated group of 10 stars including Bu 966, a nice evenly matched double star at 11" separation. To the west of this string are two mag 9 and 10 stars oriented SW-NE. The cluster includes several colored stars and is visible naked-eye just south of a mag 5 star.
Naked-eye (8/31/11): very easy to see as a naked-eye "patch" (total V = 4.6) in a dark sky.
Philippe Loys de Chéseaux discovered
Solon Bailey found the cluster again on a photographic plate in 1896 using a 1" Cooke lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. The discovery was reported in "A Catalogue of Bright Clusters and Nebulae" (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No. VIII, 1908). Dreyer equated IC 4725 with M25, though only credited Bailey with the position.
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18 36 58.8 -62 51 16; Pav
V = 13.7; Size 0.9'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 19°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly
small, round, slightly elongated, 30"x25". A mag 14 star is attached at the NNW tip. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo
II Cluster is situated in a very starry field 3.5' NE of a mag 9.6 star.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4726 = D.S. 478 on a plate
taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, R, cF * 0.5' nf." His position and description matches
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18 37 56.1 -62 42 02; Pav
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright,
fairly small, round, 25" diameter, bright nucleus, high surface
brightness. This outlying member
of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is situated 16' NNW of brighter
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4727 = D.S. 479 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, eS, R."
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IC 4728 = ESO 103-034 = LGG 422-004 = PGC 62166
18 37 57.0 -62 31 51; Pav
V = 13.3; Size 2.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 172°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 1.5'x0.5', bright core. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is in rich star field with a mag 13.8 star 1.2' SSE and a mag 13.6 star 1.6' NNW. A fairly wide pair of mag 10.9/11.6 stars (~22" separation), with a third 11.9 star nearby, lies 3.5' NNE. IC 4727 is 10' S.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4728 = D.S. 480 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, S, considerably elongated 170°, * N, bM."
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IC 4730 = ESO 103-038 = PGC 62192
18 38 50.2 -63 21 00; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 152°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly
small, elongated 5:3 NNW-SSE, ~25"x15", relatively large brighter
core and very low surface brightness extensions. A mag 14.5 star is at the west
edge, just 10" from center and a mag 12 star is 1' N. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo
II Cluster is situated 2' N of mag 9.1
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4730 = D.S. 482 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, considerably elongated 10°, bet 2 F st."
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IC 4731 = ESO 103-037 = PGC 62187
18 38 43.0 -62 56 35; Pav
V = 12.5; Size 1.5'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 82°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright,
fairly small, elongated 3:2 WSW-ENE, ~45"x30", high surface
brightness, relatively large bright core.
IC 4731 is an outlying member of ACO S805 = DC 1842-63 with several
nearby members;
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4731 = D.S. 481 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "vF, vS, extremely elongated at 88°, stell N."
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18 33 54.6 -22 38 41; Sgr
V = 12.1; Size 3"
8" (9/23/22): this 12th magnitude PN situated nearly on
a line with a mag 8.6 star (
14.5" (7/7/21): immediately recognized as a small
planetary at 140x due to its soft blue appearance. Very good contrast gain (at least 2 magnitudes) by blinking
with a UHC filter. A mag 10.1 star
(
13.1" (8/8/86): at 79x appears stellar and verified with OIII blinking, estimate V = 13.0. A brighter mag 10.5 comparison star is located 2.5' W. Appears stellar at 214x. Planetary Pe 1-13 is located 13' ESE.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4732 = Fleming 99 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1901 at the Arequipa station (Harvard Circular 60).
Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported IC 4732 was "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to be minute disk by Mr. Moore and Aitken with the 36-inch refractor."
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IC 4735 = ESO 103-041 = PGC 62213
18 39 49.9 -62 57 22; Pav
Size 0.8'x0.6'; PA = 38°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, small, slightly elongated, ~0.4'x0.3', very small brighter nucleus. Located 7.7' E of IC 4731 in the outskirts of galaxy cluster ACO S805 (55' NW the core of the cluster).
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4735 = D.S. 486 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, bM."
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18 39 58.4 -62 35 53; Pav
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.3
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated N-S, 20"x15", even surface brightness. A mag 12.5 star is 1' W. Located 1.7' NW of mag 9.0
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4737 = D.S. 487 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eF, vS, considerably elongated at 10°, bet 2 F st."
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18 40 26.9 -61 54 09; Pav
V = 14.5; Size 1.2'x0.6'
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, small,
roundish, 25" diameter. A mag 14.5 star is superimposed on the SE
end. Three bright stars are
near south; a mag 10.1 star 2.0' WSW, a mag 10.6 star 2.9' SSW and a mag 11
star1.5' SSE. IC 4738 forms a pair
with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4738 = D.S. 488, on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, eF * sf 0.5'."
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IC 4739 = ESO 140-036 = AM 1836-615 = PGC 62246
18 40 51.0 -61 54 06; Pav
V = 14.1; Size 1.0'x0.8'
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low even surface brightness. Forms a pair with IC 4738 2.9' W. A triangle of mag 10-11 stars is just south of IC 4738. Outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4739 = D.S. 489, on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, eF * inv."
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18 41 43.4 -63 56 53; Pav
V = 12.9; Size 1.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 35°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright,
fairly small, somewhat elongated SSW-NNE, ~50"x35", slightly brighter
nucleus. Resides in a rich star
field within a triangle formed by a mag 11 star 1.4' NNE, a mag 10.8 star 2.4'
SE and a mag 11.5 star 2' WNW.
Middle in a trio with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4741 = D.S. 490 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, vS, lE at 20°, stell N, 4 F st inv."
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IC 4742 = ESO 103-048 = AM 1837-635 = LGG 422-010 = PGC 62270
18 41 52.6 -63 51 43; Pav
V = 12.1; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 20°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S, ~1.0'x0.75', small bright core. A mag 9.8 star is at the north edge [37" from center]. IC 4741 lies 5' S. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is 48' SW of IC 4765, at the core of the cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4742 = D.S. 492 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, vS, R, bM, F * inv."
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18 41 54.9 -63 13 26; Pav
Size 0.65'x0.4'; PA = 75°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, very
small, round, ~18" diameter.
A star is attached at the east edge of the galaxy. Located 2.2' SE of a mag 10.5 star and
6.3' W of
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4744 = D.S. 493 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, R, eF * inv."
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18 42 46.0 -64 04 22; Pav
V = 13.3; Size 0.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.8
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly
small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', slightly brighter nucleus. A mag 12.6
star is 0.7' SE. Located in the
outskirts of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster with IC 4741 10' NW and
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4748 = D.S. 496 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, R, F * sf 1'."
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IC 4749 = ESO 103-054 = LGG 422-005 = PGC 62300
18 42 49.5 -63 12 30; Pav
V = 13.3; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 57°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, small, round, high surface brightness, very small bright
nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is at the east edge of the galaxy. This outlying
member of ACO S805 = Pavo II Cluster is within a small distinctive N-S string
of stars: a mag 12.5 star 4.3' N, a mag 10.6 star 2.3' N, a mag 13.5 star 1.5'
N, and a mag 12 star 45" S.
Cluster member IC 4744 lies 6.3' W and
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4749 = D.S. 497 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, 3 F st nr."
******************************
IC 4750 = ESO 103-055 = PGC 43426
18 43 02.7 -62 58 17; Pav
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 111°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, 25"x18", low surface brightness. Situated in a fairly rich star field with a mag 12.2 star is 1.5' NW, a mag 10.6 star 5' W and a mag 9.8 star 8' WNW. Outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805, in a group of galaxies to the northwest of the core of the cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4750 = D.S. 498 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "eeF, eS, R, * 11 np 1.5'." The IC has a misprint 0.5' north-preceding.
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18 43 19.3 -62 06 44; Pav
V = 13.1; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 3°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright,
fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 30"x20". Located near the midpoint of mag 9.9
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4751 = D.S. 501 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."
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18 43 46.7 -64 04 56; Pav
Size 0.8'x0.7'; PA = 129°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, low surface brightness. A mag 13.3 star is 0.9' SE. This outlying member of ACO S805 = Pavo II cluster is located 6.7' ESE of IC 4748. Slightly brighter ESO 103-056 is 2' SE.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4752 = D.S. 502 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, R, vF * sf 1'."
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IC 4753 = ESO 140-041 = AM 1838-620 NED2 = LGG 423-001 = PGC 62319
18 43 32.6 -62 06 29; Pav
V = 13.6; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 6°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~20"x16". Forms a close pair with brighter IC 4751 1.6' W. Situated 3' S of a mag 10.5 star and 5' NE of mag 9.9 HD 172184 in the norther outskirts of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4753 = D.S. 503 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, bM."
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18 44 00.2 -61 59 24; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 1.3'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.9
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; faint, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter, low surface brightness, very weak concntration. Fainter than expected based than expected though images reveal a face-on barred ring of low surface brightness. Two mag 13.6 and 13.8 stars are very close to the south and southwest edge. A mag 10.7 star is 5' SW and IC 4751 and 4753, a 1.6' pair, lies 8' SSW. This outlying member of the Pavo II cluster = ACO S805 is located 1° WNW of mag 4.2 Lambda Pavonis and 1.4° NNW of the center of the cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4754 = D.S. 504, along with many other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, S, R, 0.7' diameter., poss. ring neb, stell N."
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18 39 00 +05 27; Ser
Size 52'
15x50mm IS binoculars (6/19/09): large, naked-eye patch within the western branch of the Milky Way. Beautifully resolved in 15x50's.
17.5" (7/26/95): overfills 50' field with 20 Nagler. Contains roughly 70 stars brighter than mag 11 and too many faint stars to count. There are two mag 6.5 stars near the northwest and southeast ends of the cluster (the latter star is not physical member) at the edges of the field (46' separation). There are no rich subgroups or central concentration but many stars are arranged in long chains and curving loops. The most prominent is a long chain oriented NW-SE through the center. Visible as a naked-eye patch at the edge of the Milky Way.
10x50 binoculars (9/9/83):very bright, very large, consists
of mag 7 and fainter stars.
Includes many chains and knots over a one degree field! Larger but not as conspicuous as nearby
Naked-eye (8/12/83): easy visible patch from Mt. Hamilton. Resolved in 8x50 finder.
Reverend Thomas Webb discovered IC 4756 around 1859 with his 3.7-inch Tully refractor. In the description of NGC 6633 in Webb's "Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes" (1859) he wrote, "Between it [NGC 6633] and Theta, nearer the former, is a beautiful large cloud of stars, chiefly 8 or 9 mag., a nearer part, apparently, of the Galaxy: visible to the naked-eye, and requiring a large field."
Solon Bailey found IC 4756 again in 1896 on a plate taken with a 1" Cooke lens at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru (Annals of Harvard College Observatory, Vol LX, No VIII, 1908). Bailey was credited with the discovery of IC 4756 in the IC2. The nickname "Graff's Cluster" is from German astronomer Kasimir Graff, who independently discovered it in 1922.
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18 33 30.5 +67 08 14; Dra
Size 0.4'x0.3'
48" (10/22/11): bright, fairly small, round, high
surface brightness, 20" diameter.
A 14th magnitude star is attached at the southwest edge and a mag 16.5
star is 20" NE. In a close
trio with
Zwicky described the pair (
24" (8/27/14): fairly faint to moderately bright, small, round, 18" diameter, fairly high surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is attached at the southwest edge.
MCG +11-22-056 = PGC 62026 lies just 0.6' N. At 375x it appeared extremely faint or very faint, round, just 8"-10" diameter. Once in my averted vision sweet spot, I could nearly hold this galaxy continuously. A mag 15 star (brighter than the galaxy) lies 0.3' NNE.
17.5" (6/11/88): fairly faint, very small, elongated SW-NE. One or two extremely faint stars are possibly involved or close off the edge. Forms a close pair with NGC 6677 1.7' SSE. MCG +11-22-056, a nearly stellar galaxy just 38" N was not seen.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 4763 = Big. 333 on 5 Sep 1891
and recorded "this object is perhaps the double indicated by Swift near
NGC 6677. It seems accompanied by a little nebulosity and I can not split
it." Harold Corwin and Malcolm
Thomson agree that IC 4763 is most likely a duplicate of NGC 6679. IC 4763 is often misidentified as the
compact galaxy
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18 47 07.6 -63 29 04; Pav
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 128°
30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to moderately bright, thin edge-on 40"x10" NW-SE, contains a brighter core. A mag 15.5 star is attached at the NW tip. Located 9' S of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4764 = DS 510, along with a number of other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, bM."
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IC 4765 = ESO 104-006 = LGG 422-006 = PGC 62407
18 47 17.9 -63 19 53; Pav
V = 11.3; Size 3.5'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 115°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, ~100"x40", sharply concentrated with a very bright core that increases to a stellar nucleus.
IC 4765 is the brightest cD galaxy in the rich cluster ACO
S805 = Pavo II Cluster, which includes
IC 4766: moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 45"x27". This member of the IC 4765 cluster is situated 1.6" ENE of a mag 12 star and 3.2' NE of IC 4765.
IC 4767: moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.4', bright core. A star is at the north-northeast tip. Located 5.2' SSE of IC 4765 in the core of the cluster.
IC 4770: very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is involved on the west end and interferes with viewing. Located 6.5' SE of IC 4765 in the cluster.
IC 4771: fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S,
1.2'x0.4', even surface brightness.
Located 4.7' WNW of mag 7.4
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4765 = D.S. 516, along with a number of other IC's, on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, S, R, bM."
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IC 4766 = ESO 104-009 = PGC 62421
18 47 35.8 -63 17 42; Pav
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 110°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 WNW-ESE, 45"x27". This member of the ACO S805 (IC 4765) cluster is situated 1.6' ENE of a mag 12 star and 3.2' NE of IC 4765.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4766 = DS 512 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, eS, bM."
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IC 4767 = ESO 104-010 = LGG 423-005 = PGC 62427
18 47 41.7 -63 24 20; Pav
V = 13.4; Size 1.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 30°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.4', bright core. A star is at the north-northeast tip. Located 5.2' SSE of IC 4765 in the core of the ACO S805 cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4767 = DS 513 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, eS, mE at 25°, considerably brighter middle."
******************************
IC 4769 = ESO 104-011 = AM 1843-631 = LGG 422-007 = PGC 62428
18 47 44.1 -63 09 25; Pav
V = 13.1; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 130°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.5', gradually increases to the center, but no distinct core or zones. Located 11' NNE of IC 4765 in ACO S805 and second largest in the cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4769 = DS 514 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, mE at 170°, considerably brighter middle."
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IC 4770 = ESO 104-013 = PGC 62439
18 48 10.3 -63 23 00; Pav
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 65°
30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low surface brightness. A mag 14.5 star is involved on the west end and interferes with viewing. Located 6.5' SE of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4770 = DS 515 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, bM."
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IC 4771 = ESO 104-015 = LGG 422-030 = PGC 62445
18 48 23.8 -63 14 52; Pav
V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 179°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 1.2'x0.4', even surface brightness. Located 4.7' WNW of mag 7.4 HD 173344 and 9' NE of IC 4765 in the ACO S805 cluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4771 = DS 516 on a plate taken 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, eS, R, bM."
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18 39 56.5 +40 01 35; Lyr
V = 14.4; Size 0.5'x0.4'
17.5" (8/2/86): fairly faint, but extremely small, just
nonstellar. A mag 14 star lies
54" SSW of center. Forms a
pair with
Herbert Howe discovered IC 4772 = Ho. II-12 on 7 Sep 1898
with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He noted "eS, eF. Near 6685 and
6686. He added the note, "No.
12 precedes 6685 less than 2s, 2'.7 north. Between them lies a star of mag 11.5" His position matches
The CGCG and MCG reversed the identifications of NGC 6685 and IC 4772. IC 4772 is also misidentified as NGC 6685 in the RNGC. I included this error in my RNGC Corrections #2, WSQJ, 4/88 and Malcolm Thomson includes it in his list of CGCG Corrections.
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18 48 26.3 -57 11 01; Pav
V = 13.9; Size 1.5'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 17°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x and 394; fairly faint,
moderately large very elongated 7:2 SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.25', weak
concentration. A collinear string
of 3 mag 14-15 stars extends to the south-southwest. Located between mag 9.3
Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4764 = DS 518 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sept 1901. He noted "eF, eS, vE at 15°, susp."
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18 45 50.7 -33 20 34; Sgr
V = 10.8; Size 8"
8" (9/23/22): appears as a bright, pale blue star of at least 11th magnitude using 95x. Quite a strong blinker! IC 4776 appeared brighter than a mag 9.4 star situated 7.5' NE adding an NPB filter. Boosting the magnification to 200x, it was nonstellar with small but obvious disc over 5" in diameter.
14.5" (7/7/21): using 182x I immediately identified IC
4776 as a small, very bright blue disk.
Excellent contrast gain blinking with a UHC filter and the halo
blossomed in size. A mag 9.4
star (
17.5" (8/2/86): at 105x appears bright and stellar, verified with OIII blinking. Forms a wide 1' pair with a mag 13 star to the south. A mag 11 comparison star for blinking is 6' ESE. Good contrast gain with filter, extremely high surface brightness, estimate V = 11.0. At 286x, a small bluish disc is visible unfiltered. Located 12' ENE of a wide bright double star (7.7/9.5 at 45").
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4776 = Fleming 77 on a Harvard objective prism plate taken in 1896 at the Arequipa station. Two years earlier she had flagged it as a star with a peculiar spectra (Type V).
Based on Crossley photographs, Curtis (1918) reported "No true central star can be made out. It is just distinguishable from a star, with wing in p.a. 24°; the length along this axis is 8". No wing is apparent on the opposite side."
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18 52 48.0 -63 15 35; Pav
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 94°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; moderately bright,
fairly small, roundish, ~45" diameter, very small bright nucleus increases
to the center. A mag 12.6 star is
0.9' SE and a mag 13.5 is 1.6' E.
Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4784 = D.S. 526 on a plate taken on 20 Jul 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He noted "cF, S, R, bM." There is nothing at his position but 10' N is this galaxy, which fits the description. The error was first caught by Lauberts in the ESO. Corwin notes that Stewart probably missed the companion due to the superimposed star.
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18 52 55.2 -59 15 19; Pav
V = 12.3; Size 3.1'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 140°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately to fairly bright, sharply concentrated with a very bright core or bar oriented WNW-ESE and a much fainter halo oriented NNW-SSE. The surrounding star field is rich in faint stars and a couple of mag 16 stars are very near the halo.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4785 = DS 527 on a plate taken 16 Sept 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, iF, stell N."
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18 56 32.2 -64 55 44; Pav
V = 13.0; Size 1.2'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 57°
30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright and
large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30". Broad concentration with a bulging, brighter core. An extremely faint star or knot is at
the southwest end. A mag 14.5 star
lies 1' ENE and
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4790 = DS 532 on a plate taken in Sep 1900 from Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cB, S, R, bM."
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18 49 01.2 +19 19 52; Her
17.5" (8/2/97): this galaxy is located just 2.0'
following mag 5.9
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4791 visually on 4 Jun 1889 with the 36-inch Lick refractor. Burnham later measured micrometric offsets from the nearby bright star (Lalande 35032 = HD 174262) in 1899 with the 40-inch refractor at Yerkes (appendix to his 1900 General Catalogue of Double Stars, p. 296).
On the POSS1, this appears as a fairly bright compact galaxy
(confirmed by Brian Skiff on POSS 2), though it is not listed in any modern
catalogue except for
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18 57 09.6 -62 05 27; Pav
Size 1.4'x0.5'; PA = 19°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, fairly small, elongated ~4:3 SSW-NNE, ~36"x27",
small bright nucleus increases to the center. A mag 13.6 star is 0.9' SW.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4794 = D.S. 535 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "F, S, R, bM."
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18 56 27.8 -54 12 50; Tel
V = 12.3; Size 1.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 140°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright,
moderately large, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.6', moderately concentrated to a
very small bright core. A mag 12
star is north of the NW tip [0.9' NW of center]. Forms a pair with
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4796 = F. 1157 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1903, along with IC 4797, at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "14 magn, bM, near edge of plate."
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IC 4797 = ESO 183-029 = LGG 425-003 = PGC 62589
18 56 29.7 -54 18 21; Tel
V = 11.3; Size 3.0'x1.3'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 146°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): brighter of a pair with IC 4796 5.5' N. Appears bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 1.8'x0.8', sharply concentrated with a very bright, high surface brightness core. A mag 13 star is to the north of the NW end, 1.4' NNW of center, and a fainter star is just 35" N of center. A mag 10 star lies 9' WNW, forming the western vertex of an isosceles triangle with IC 4796 and IC 4797.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4797 = F. 1158, along with IC 4796, on a plate taken 13 Aug 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "14 magn, bM, near edge of plate."
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IC 4798 = ESO 141-015 = LGG 422-014 = PGC 62630
18 58 20.9 -62 07 06; Pav
V = 12.2; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 108°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly bright,
moderately large, oval 4:3 WNW-ESE, ~60"x45", small bright core
increases to the center. A mag
14.5-15 star is just off the west end [34" from center]. IC 4794 lies 8.5' WNW and
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4798 = DS 537 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "F, S, R, bM."
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18 58 43.5 -63 08 21; Pav
V = 12.8; Size 1.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 164°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright,
fairly large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 1.6'x0.8', well concentrated with a small
bright core and fainter halo. The
major axis is collinear with a mag 14.3 star and a mag 12.8 star, 0.8' and 1.3'
NNW of center, respectively. NGC
6706 lies 12.5' WSW. Located at
the southern vertex of a large isosceles triangle with mag 6.5
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4800 = DS 538 on a plate taken
13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, S, stell
N in oval ellip. ring, d 0.3' to 0.4'; nebulous wisps at 170° and
350°." This galaxy is as
bright as
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18 59 38.4 -64 40 31; Pav
V = 12.6; Size 1.7'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 89°
30" (11/3/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): bright, fairly
large, oval 3:2 E-W, 1.5'x1.0', sharply concentrated with a very bright core
surrounded by a fairly large, relatively faint halo. Located 4' SE of mag 9.5
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4801 = DS 540 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "cF, S, R, bM."
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18 55 07.0 -22 41 54; Sgr
18" (7/15/07): easily resolved very close pair of mag
13-14 stars at high power at the northeast side of
17.5" (7/20/98): this is a very close pair of mag 13.5
stars at the NE edge of NGC 6717 (
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 4802 = Big. 434 on 30 Jun 1884 and described it in the 22 Jul 1901 Comptes Rendus as "nebulous star mag 13, situated near NGC 6717 in PA 35° [NE], d = 15"." Harold Corwin comments, "It was found and measured on the same night that Bigourdan measured NGC 6717. His position is precise and agrees to within a few arcsec of the GSC position. This nails the object as a clump of stars about 15 arcsec northeast of the center of NGC 6717." Jermain Porter also measured an accurate micrometric position in 1909 using the 16-inch Clark refractor at the Cincinnati Observatory.
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IC 4803 = ESO 141-017 NED1 = PGC 62677
19 00 39.9 -62 03 54; Pav
Size 0.7'x0.35'; PA = 0°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 397x; very faint, small,
round, 15" diameter. First in
a triplet with the close interacting pair
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4803 = D.S. 541 on a plate taken 13 Aug 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, R." ESO calls this a triple system and assigns the designation to the trio, but Corwin notes that Stewart's position and description only applies to the western component.
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19 01 30.7 -57 31 55; Pav
V = 12.2; Size 2.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 9°
30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
fairly small, very elongated 4:1 SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.2', sharply concentrated with
a very small, bright core and stellar nucleus. A brighter star is superimposed on the SE edge and a very
faint star is at the NNE tip.
Located 14' NNE of the large spiral
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4806 = DS 544 on a plate taken 16 Sep 1901 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "eeF, eS, extremely elongated at 10°, 2 st v nr, susp."
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19 01 07.6 -45 18 49; CrA
V = 12.3; Size 1.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 45°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; bright, moderately
large, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~1.5'x0.5', broadly brighter center, mottled
or uneven surface brightness (probably due to spiral structure). A mag 15.5 star is at tip of the northeast
edge. A mag 14 star is off the
west side [0.9' W of center].
Located 12' SSW of mag 7.4
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4808 = DS 545 on a plate taken May 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa Station in Peru. He noted "vF, cL, considerably elongated at 45°, little brighter middle, susp."
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19 02 59.7 -56 09 35; Tel
V = 12.6; Size 3.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 136°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; extremely faint, very large, low surface brightness streak, ~2.0'x0.2'. Situated in a rich star field. A mag 15.5 star is close west of center. A distinctive 5' E-W string of mag 11-12 stars is roughly 7' NE and a 1' pair of mag 11.5-12 stars ~5' SW "points" to IC 4810.
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint, very large, thin edge-on streak 8:1 NW-SE, 2.4'x0.3', broad and fairly weak concentration, bulges slightly near the center. A mag 16 star is just east of the northwest extension and a mag 15.4 star is 30" W of center.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4810 = DS 548 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sept 1901. He reported "eF, S, extremely elongated at 140°, little brighter in the middle."
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19 06 50.6 -61 42 05; Pav
V = 13.3; Size 0.8'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 167°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter, bright core. Two mag 14 stars 0.8' and 1.2' NW are collinear with the galaxy.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4815 = DS 553 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, vS, R, bM."
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19 06 12.3 -56 09 34; Tel
V = 13.7; Size 1.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 12°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright and
large, elongated 5:2 N-S, broad weak concentration. A mag 15 star is just east of the northern flank. Forms a close pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4817 = DS 555 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "eF, vS, considerably elongated at 0°." Nearby ESO 184-011 was not mentioned in his discovery list.
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19 07 07.3 -59 28 01; Pav
V = 13.4; Size 2.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 120°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint,
extremely thin edge-on streak, at least 8:1 NW-SE, ~1.8'x0.2', fairly uniform
width, except tapers slightly at tips. A 15th magnitude star is superimposed
near the southeast tip and a mag 16 star is at the north edge of the central
region. Located 15' SW of mag 7.8
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4819 = DS 556 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "vF, S, extremely elongated at 130°."
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19 12 15.7 -63 58 34; Pav
V = 13.8; Size 1.1'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 18°
30" (11/6/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
moderately large,, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 45"x30", relatively low even
surface brightness. Forms a double
with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4823 = DS 559 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "vF, vS."
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19 12 21.2 -57 12 08; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 1.4'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 46°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately to fairly
bright, oval 3:2 SW-NE, 0.9'x0.6', broadly concentrated with a brighter
core. Located 12' SE of NGC
6753.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4826 = DS 561 on an Arequipa plate taken on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "eF, eeS, R."
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19 13 21.2 -60 51 37; Pav
V = 12.4; Size 2.8'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 166°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright and
large, very elongated 5:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.25'x0.25', very small bright
nucleus. Bracketed by two pairs of
brighter stars; a mag 8.8 star is 1.9' NW (with a mag 11 star 2' to its west),
and a mag 9.1 star 3.2' NE (with a mag 12 star 0.9' to its NE). Member of the
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4827 = DS 564 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "F, cS, extremely elongated at 170°, stell N."
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19 13 48.6 -59 17 40; Pav
V = 12.4; Size 1.7'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 28°
25" (10/17/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated 4:3 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.85'. Contains a brighter elongated core that appears to be a bar[confirmed afterwards on the DSS]. A mag 15 star is at the east edge of the halo.
Located in a rich Pavo star field 47' NE of the center of the showpiece globular NGC 6752. A string of stars, including a mag 11/14.5 pair and a mag 12 star, extends to the southwest. IC 4830 is a member of the Pavo-Indus Supercluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4830 = DS 566 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "eF, eS, R, little brighter in the middle."
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19 14 43.8 -62 16 21; Pav
V = 12.3; Size 3.4'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 111°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; bright, large, edge-on
5:1 WNW-ESE, 3.0'x0.6', sharply concentrated with a relatively large bright
elongated core, fades at the tips.
Mag 8.5
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4831 = DS 568 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "! cF, vS, extremely elongated at 150°, 2-branch spir."
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19 14 03.9 -56 36 39; Tel
V = 12.7; Size 2.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 144°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly bright, fairly
large, edge-on 5:1 or 6:1 NW-SE, 1.8'x0.3', contains a bright elongated
core. A mag 14.5 star is at the
northwest end. Located 3.9' S of
mag 9.2
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4832 = DS 569 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901 and reported "vF, vS, extremely elongated at 145°, stell N."
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IC 4833 = ESO 141-040 = AM 1911-622 NED01 = PGC 62980
19 15 41.3 -62 19 45; Pav
V = 14.0; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 95°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly faint to moderately bright, elongated ~E-W, 0.5'x0.3'. Within a small triangle of stars: a mag 14.7 star 0.6' S, a mag 15.0 star 0.5' NW and a mag 16.1 star 0.5' E. Located 7.5' SE of bright IC 4831 and 4.7' NW of mag 8.1 HD 179303.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4833 = DS 570 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901 and reported "eeF, eS, R, bM."
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19 16 17.9 -60 12 01; Pav
V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 71°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint to moderately bright, roundish, ~45" diameter, fairly low and nearly even surface brightness. At 397x, the halo is bit irregular and surrounds a faint stellar nucleus with direct vision. Located 24' NW of NGC 6769/6770/6771 in the NGC 6769 Group = LGG 427 and 42' ESE of the spectacular globular cluster NGC 6752!
Joseph Turner discovered IC 4836 on 3 Aug 1883 with the Great Melbourne Telescope while searching for NGC 6769. This is the last entry in his eyepiece notepad. He measured an offset of 1 minute 56 seconds preceding NGC 6769 and 16' north and described it as "very faint, difficult to detect, no stars near, round, about 1' diam., gradually a little brighter in middle." His offsets lands 2.4' SE of IC 4836 and the description fits. This was Turner's last observation as just two weeks later on 17 Aug he passed away from complications due to heart failure.
DeLisle Stewart rediscovered IC 4836 = DS 574 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "F, cL, iF, 2 st inv." Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.
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19 15 14.6 -54 39 41; Tel
V = 12.5; Size 2.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 8°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright,
fairly large, elongated 3:2 N-S, ~1.5'x1.0', broad concentration with a
brighter elongated core. Forms a
pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4837 = DS 573 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "F, cS, R, bM."
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IC 4839 = ESO 184-048 = AM 1911-544 NED2 = PGC 62975
19 15 34.1 -54 37 36; Tel
V = 12.5; Size 2.3'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 147°
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, broad mild concentration, elongated core region appears to be a bar [confirmed later on the DSS]. At 397x, the outer halo was slightly irregular in brightness, suggesting some spiral arcs. Forms an attractive pair with IC 4837 3.5' SW. ESO 184-042 lies 11' WNW. Member of the Pavo-Indus Supercluster.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4839 = DS 575 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 16 Sep 1901. He reported "F, S, * inv in neb."
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19 19 24.6 -60 38 40; Pav
V = 12.4; Size 1.5'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 20°
18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this
galaxy is located 8' SE of
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4842 = DS 579 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, vS, R."
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19 20 22.5 -60 23 21; Pav
V = 11.6; Size 1.8'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 87°
25" (10/17/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, fairly large, oval 5:4 E-W, sharply concentrated with a very bright, very small nucleus! The halo extends ~1.25'x1.0' and a fairly bright star is superimposed on the southwest side.
25" (10/16/17 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint, fairly small, round. Contains a very small bright nucleus in a low surface brightness 30" halo. The view is hampered by a mag ~13 star that's attached on the southwest end of the halo [only 15" from the nucleus!] Located 15' NE of the NGC 6769/6770/6771 trio and a member of the NGC 6769 = LGC 427 group.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4845 = DS 582 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, bM, * 11m 0.4' sp."
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19 16 28.3 -09 02 37; Aql
V = 12.0; Size 2"
8" (9/23/22): appears as a 12th magnitude blue-grey "star" at 95x with a brighter 11th magnitude star less than 3' due south. Sliding a NPB filter into the light path, the PN far outshined the comparison star. Scaling up to 325x, IC 4846 seemed non-stellar, though teensy, perhaps a few arc seconds across.
14.5" (7/7/21): identified at 140x and 182x as a mag 12 "star" with greenish color. Extremely strong response to a UHC filter. Increasing to 264x, the planetary was clearly soft with a diameter at most 4". At 352x, it appeared to have a faint central star in a very small halo.
24" (9/10/15): bright greenish (stellar) planetary at 200x. The color gave it away and it was easily verified by blinking with an NPB filter. It clearly had a "soft" appearance at 260x and a very small disc was evident at 375x, just a couple of arcseconds in size. Forms the northwest vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 2.9' S and a similar star 3.6' ESE.
13.1" (7/85): bright stellar planetary, appears as a
mag 11.5-12 "star" which blinks well with an OIII filter at 79x. Located in a rich star field 20' S of
mag 7.3
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4846 = Fleming 100 on a Harvard photographic plate taken in 1901. She identified it as a gaseous nebula (Harvard Circular 60).
Based on Crossley photographs at Lick, Curtis (1918) reported "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to have a minute disk visually in the 36-inch refractor."
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19 26 25.3 -60 20 10; Pav
V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 171°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x and 429x; fairly
bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2, ~0.9'x0.6'. Brighter along the elongated core or bar E-W [DSS shows it’s
a bar]. Some structure evident in the central region; the surface brightness is
uneven and there was an impression of curvature at the ends of the bar [these
are the roots of the spiral arms that extend N and S of the bar]. A mag 9.3 star (
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4852 = DS 587 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 13 Aug 1901. He reported "cF, bM."
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19 27 30.5 -54 54 31; Tel
V = 13.9; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 31°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, very
elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~45"x15", fairly low surface brightness,
irregular shape. A mag 12.8 star
lies 1' NE. Forms an interacting
pair with brighter
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4856 = DS 590 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 17 Sep 1901 and reported "eF, eS, D neb, susp."
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IC 4867 = IC 1301 = UGC 11437 = MCG +08-35-010 = CGCG 256-017 NED1 = PGC 63207
19 26 32.0 +50 07 31; Cyg
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x0.6'; PA = 19°
24" (6/21/17): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, ~40"x15". A 1.2' pair (STTA 182) of mag 7.4 and mag 8.6 stars is 2' to 3' NE. The brighter star has a mag 11.5 companion at 35".
IC 4867 = IC 1301 forms a close pair with MCG +08-35-011 1' NE. The companion appeared extremely faint, very small, round, 10"-12" diameter, only pops occasionally.
Sherburne Burnham discovered IC 4867 on 1 Jul 1901 at Yerkes Observatory while measuring the separation and position angle of nearby STT 182. He mentioned a nearby nebula in his 1904 "Measures of Double Stars with the 40-Inch Refractor of the Yerkes Observatory in 1900 and 1901".
Lewis Swift probably discovered this galaxy on 15 Apr 1890, but his position was 50' too far south. In a letter to Herbert Howe, Swift corrected the declination 35' further north, within 15' of IC 4867. In the IC 2 notes, Dreyer questioned if IC 1301 was identical to IC 4867, perhaps since Swift mentioned the nearby double star.
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19 44 58.3 -14 48 03; Sgr
V = 8.8; Size 15.5'x13.5'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 5°
See observing notes for NGC 6822.
Max Wolf found IC 4895 on photographs taken at Heidelberg on 16 Jul 1906 and 8 Aug 1907. He assumed the two brighter HII regions at the north end of Barnard's Galaxy were NGC 6822 and IC 1308 (the mistake originates by Ormond Stone at the Leander McCormick observatory) and thought the galaxy itself was a new discovery (AN 4207). So, IC 4895 = NGC 6822.
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19 56 47.6 -37 19 42; Sgr
V = 12.9; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 130°
24" (9/6/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', gradual weak concentration to the center. There was a strong impression of a low
surface brightness halo extending ~0.9'x0.7'. Located 13' S of mag 7.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4913 = Sw. 11-185 on 6 Jul 1897 and reported "eeeF; pS; 3 st s[outh] like belt of Orion point to it; eee diff[icult]." His position is 1 minute of RA too far west and nearly 2' too far south. Howe reexamined the field in 1899, measured an accurate position, and noted "The three stars mentioned by Swift are of mags 9.5, 10 and 9, and are about 8' south of the nebula. Their line prolonged does not strike the nebula, but follows a little." Dreyer incorporated Howe's comments in the IC description.
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20 00 12.1 -38 34 43; Sgr
V = 12.8; Size 1.2'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 54°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly bright, round,
~45" diameter, strongly concentrated with a bright, well defined round
core that increases to the center.
Slightly fainter and smaller of a pair with
17.5" (8/3/94): moderately bright, round, 1.2'
diameter, even concentration to a bright core. A stellar nucleus is visible with direct vision. Forms a similar pair with IC 4931 7.5'
E. I also ran across
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4926 = Sw. 11-186, along with IC 4931, on 6 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; pS; lE, precedes the below 37 sec; e diff; p of 2 [with IC 4931]." Swift's positions were 3' too far south and about 15 seconds of RA too small in his fourth discovery list from Lowe but pretty accurate in his accumulated 11th list (perhaps from Herbert Howe).
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IC 4931 = ESO 339-023 = MCG -06-44-008 = PGC 63976
20 00 50.3 -38 34 30; Sgr
V = 11.9; Size 2.4'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 135°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): bright, fairly large, oval 4:3
NW-SE, ~1.5'x1.2', strongly concentrated with a prominent core. A mag 12.1 star is 1.6' SE. Brightest cD galaxy in the core of AGC
3656 with 5 other members seen within 10'. Located 4.5' WNW of mag 7.8
17.5" (8/3/94): moderately bright, elongated 3:2 E-W,
sharply concentrated with a small bright core and a stellar nucleus at
moments. The fainter halo is
roughly 1.2'x0.8'. Brightest in a
trio with IC 4926 7.5' W and LEDA 93980 7.3' S. Located 4.4' W of mag 7.7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4931 = Sw. 11-187, along with IC 4926, on 6 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeF; pS; R; 8m * f[ollows] 20s; f of 2 [with IC 4926]." Swift's RA is about 10 seconds too small (improved from his fourth discovery list from Lowe Observatory, which was also 3' too far south), but Howe measured an accurate position that was used in the IC.
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20 03 29.0 -54 58 48; Tel
V = 12.3; Size 2.3'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 0°
30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright,
large, oval 5:4 ~N-S, ~1.8'x1.4'.
Sharply concentrated with a very small bright core, increasing to the
center. The outer halo shows weak
spiral structure (two arms), though they can't be easily traced. A mag 12.7 star lies 1.6' S. Forms a nice pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4933 = DS 632 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 3 Oct 1901. He noted "eF, eS, 2-branch open spiral." I'm surprised JH missed this galaxy and picked up nearby NGC 6850 (8' separation). Perhaps it was just outside his sweep limit.
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20 06 28.2 -48 22 33; Tel
V = 12.7; Size 1.5'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 38°
18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): At
128x, this member of the Telescopium Group = ACO S851 appeared faint, small,
round, 25" diameter. A mag
12.8 star lies 0.9' N of center. Located 8.5' W of
2MASX J20062917-4819434 appeared extremely faint, round, perhaps 20" diameter and formed the northern vertex of a triangle with IC 4943 2.8' S and a mag 10.3 star 3.4' ESE.
Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4943, along with nearby 2MASX J20062917-4819434, on 5 Oct 1885 while observing the Telescopium Group with the Great Melbourne Telescope. He wrote "D [IC 4943] is a little brighter than C [2MASX J20062917-4819434] but still pretty faint. It is very small and gradually pretty much brighter middle. Looks like a diffused faint nebulous star." His sketch, which includes a nearby mag 10.3 star along with several additional fainter stars, perfectly matches the field surrounding IC 4943. The discovery was never announced.
Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 4943 = Sw. 11-188 on
8 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeeF; pS; R; F * near north; ee diff; p of 2
[with
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20 07 08.8 -54 26 49; Tel
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 6°
30" (11/5/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly faint,
fairly small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 0.7'x0.4', weak concentration. Located 14' SE of
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 4944 = F. 1186 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 31 Aug 1904. He noted "bM, magn 14."
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20 23 58.1 -43 59 43; Sgr
V = 11.8; Size 2.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 68°
30" (10/10/15 - OzSky): bright, fairly large, very
elongated 7:2 WSW-ENE, sharply concentrated with a very bright, elongated
core. The galaxy is surrounded by
numerous stars, including a 52" pair of mag 10/11.5 stars 2.7' E, a mag
13.3 star 1.7' NE, a mag 14.1 star 1.6' WSW, a mag 14.4 star 1.2' NW, and a mag
15 star at the west-southwest edge.
18" (8/19/09): at 175x appeared fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, 1.0x'0.4', broad weak concentration. Located 2.7' W of a wide pair of mag 10/12 stars at 52" separation. Observed at only 9° elevation.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4946 = Sw. 12-15 on 11 Sep 1897
and logged ""eF, S, R, 3 or 4 st f, form with the neb, a circle, sp
of 2 [with Sw. 12-16 = IC 4948]."
There is nothing at Swift's position for either of these two
entries. Harold Corwin suggests
that Swift's made an 18 minute error in time (too small). Once corrected, his position falls very
close to Shapley-Ames 5 (New 5) = ESO 285-007. In addition, his description fits using three or four stars
close east. Using the same
correction for Sw. 12-16,
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IC 4948 = NGC 6902 = ESO 285-008 = MCG -07-42-002 = AM 2021-434 = LGG 434-003 = PGC 64632
20 24 28.0 -43 39 12; Sgr
V = 10.9; Size 5.6'x3.9'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 153°
See observing notes for NGC 6902.
Lewis Swift found IC 4948 = Sw. 12-16 on 17 Sep 1897. There is nothing at his position. Harold Corwin suggests that Lewis Swift made an 18 minute error in time in recording the RA of Sw. 12-15 and 12-16, as his descriptions and relative positions are a reasonable match for IC 4946 and IC 4948 (particularly the former). Making this correction, IC 4948 = NGC 6902. But Swift lists the discovery date for IC 4948 as 17 Sep 1897, 6 nights later than IC 4946, though he also made a number of errors in recording dates during his last year of observing. So, some uncertainly on this equivalence still remains.
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IC 4949 = NGC 6861 = ESO 233-032 = LGG 430-003 = PGC 64136
20 07 19.4 -48 22 12; Tel
V = 11.1; Size 2.8'x1.8'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 140°
See observing notes for NGC 6861.
Lewis Swift found IC 4949 = Sw. 11-189, along with IC 4943, on 8 Jul 1897 and reported "B; vS; cE; f of 2 [with IC 4943]. His position is just 3' N of NGC 6861 so apparently he missed the earlier observation by Herschel. See Corwin's identification notes.
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20 04 48 +29 15; Vul
Size 1'
17.5" (9/26/92): this moderately bright reflection
nebulosity forms a fairly striking compact pair with
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4954, along with IC 4955, on 9 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted, "the north nebula [IC 4954] is not so well defined [as the south one] - that is the star is not. The star may be double, there is a faint star or separate patch (definition too bad to decide) close s.f. If the star is double, the components will be nearly n and s but not quite." He also viewed these reflection nebulae on 15 and 29 Jun, as well as 25 Jul 1888. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer.
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20 04 54 +29 11; Vul
Size 2'
17.5" (9/26/92): at 140x appears as the larger and slightly brighter of a pair of reflection nebulae with IC 4954 4' NW. Surrounds a mag 12 star, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 1' diameter. A line of three mag 13.5 stars is close southeast. No contrast enhancement with OIII or Deep Sky filter.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4955, along with IC 4954, on 9 Jun 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "found a fine nebulous star of 12 mag."
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20 15 23.9 -70 32 16; Pav
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.4'; PA = 166°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; moderately bright,
fairly small, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 NNW-SSE, ~0.7'x0.2', small brighter
nucleus. A mag 16 star is at the
northern tip. Situated 1.5' ENE of
a mag 10.3 star. Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4960 = D.S. 651 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He reported "eF, eS, bM." His RA was 7 seconds too small, though there is no question on the identification.
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IC 4967 = ESO 073-029 = LGG 432-007 = PGC 64396
20 16 23.2 -70 33 53; Pav
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.55'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 92°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter. A mag 11.6 star is 1.5' WNW. Fainter of a pair with IC 4960 5.2' WNW. Located 12.5' NNW of NGC 6872 in the Pavo-I Group = LGG 432.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4967 = D.S. 651 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He reported "vF, bM."
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20 16 57.6 -70 44 59; Pav
V = 13.9; Size 0.7'x0.2'; Surf Br = 11.6; PA = 90°
30" (10/12/15 - OzSky): IC 4970 is an interacting companion to NGC 6872, situated 1.1' N of center. At 303x it appeared fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.25', contains a very small bright nucleus.
18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this is an interacting companion of NGC 6872, situated just 1.1' N of center within the Pavo-I Group. At 171x, it appeared faint, very small, slightly elongated, 20"x15". A mag 10.4 star lies 1.8' SW. Images reveal a distorted bridge and plumes due to interaction with NGC 6872.
18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this small companion to NGC 6872 appeared faint, small, slightly elongated, ~20"x15". Located 1' N of the core of NGC 6872.
Joseph Turner discovered IC 4970 = DS 657 on 27 August 1881during an observation of NGC 6872 with the Great Melbourne Telescope. He wrote, "there is a small round nebula 1' north of 4549 [NGC 6872] not mentioned by Herschel." The discovery was included in a final list of 6 new nebulae at the end of his notebook and mentioned in the "Seventeenth Annual Report of the Observatory", published in 1882. Pietro Baracchi later reobserved the pair and made a diagram of the field on 3 Sep 1885, labeling IC 4970 as New. Dreyer apparently wasn't aware of this announcement in the observatory report so IC 4970 wasn't assigned a NGC designation.
DeLisle Stewart rediscovered IC 4970 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "bM, nr NGC 6872." Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.
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20 17 42.9 -70 54 53; Pav
V = 14.5; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 15°
18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this
is the faintest of 8 members of the Pavo-I Group observed and is situated 4.7'
SW of
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4972 = DS 661 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "eF, vS, extremely elongated at 15°."
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20 19 39.9 -70 50 57; Pav
V = 13.1; Size 0.9'x0.3'; Surf Br = 11.5; PA = 135°
18" (7/10/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this
Pavo-I Group member is a faint companion of
18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): extremely faint, small. Situated close NE of NGC 6880. A very faint star is superimposed on the north side.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 4981 = D.S. 663 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "eF, eS, * nr."
Both Joseph Turner and Pietro Baracchi sketched NGC 6876, 6877 and 6880 with the 48" Melbourne Telescope (on 12 Sep 1881 and 3 Sep 1885, respectively) but failed to notice IC 4981, though Baracchi plotted a 15th mag star at or near its position
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20 20 20.8 -71 00 28; Pav
Size 0.6'x0.2'; PA = 50°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; faint to fairly faint,
slightly elongated SW-NE, 20"x15". A close (interacting) companion (
Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4982 on 3 Sep 1885 while searching for NGC 6872 and 6876 in the Pavo-I cluster with the 48" Melbourne Telescope. Baracchi's sketch, which perfectly matches the field, displays IC 4982 and IC 4985 as small round nebulae along with a half dozen field stars. The discovery was never published.
DeLisle Stewart independently discovered IC 4982 = D.S. 665 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "vF, bM." Stewart was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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IC 4985 = ESO 073-040 = PGC 64505
20 20 44.0 -70 59 13; Pav
V = 13.9; Size 0.9'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 66°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 429x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, broad concentration. Slightly brighter of a pair with IC 4982 2.3' SW. Member of the Pavo-I Group.
Pietro Baracchi discovered IC 4985 on 3 Sep 1885, while searching for NGC 6872 and 6876 (Pavo-I cluster) with the 48" Melbourne Telescope. Baracchi's sketch, which perfectly matches the field, displays IC 4982 and IC 4985 as small round nebulae along with a half dozen field stars. The discovery was never published.
DeLisle Stewart independently discovered IC 4985 = D.S. 666 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 21 Sep 1900. He noted "vF, bM." Stewart was credited with the discovery in the IC.
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20 18 23.3 -41 03 01; Sgr
V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 145°
18" (8/19/09): fairly faint, moderately large, oval 3:2
NW-SE, 1.5'x1.0'. Broad
concentration to a large, brighter core.
Located 8.5' S of mag 8.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 4991 = Sw. 11-191 on 23 Sep 1897
and reported, "vF; cS; R; no bright star near". There is nothing near his
position. The nearest bright
galaxy is
******************************
20 16 30 +37 38 00; Cyg
V = 7.3; Size 6'
18" (8/14/04): beautiful open cluster at 225x with
perhaps three dozen stars resolved in fairly poor seeing. Appears small, but rich and quite
elongated SSW-NNE, ~4'x2'.
Includes three bright mag 8.5-9.5 stars (ADS 13626) forming an obtuse
isosceles triangle with the brightest star at the vertex. A 4th fainter star to the west forms a
trapezoid with this trio. Two of
the stars in the triangle are close, unequal doubles (including ß422, 9.7/10.8
at 4") and the single star has a 13th magnitude close pair nearby! The remainder of the stars in the
cluster are generally mag 13 and fainter.
There are sprays of stars to the north and south giving the elongated
appearance. Located 1.1° SE of the
Crescent Nebula and 1.7° SW of
13.1" (8/25/84): ~40 stars at 144x. Rich in faint stars using averted vision.
13.1" (9/11/82 and 9/9/83): 30-40 stars at 160x, appears very rich, includes several very faint stars, elongated SSW-NNE. The brightest stars are three mag 8.5-9 stars in a tight grouping in the center.
8" (8/28/81): consists of three mag 9 stars with a string of stars to the stars, over haze, appears rich with averted.
William Herschel discovered IC 4996 on 20 Sep 1786 (sweep 594). He recorded, "Clustering stars the place taken is pretty much condensed, and contains 3 pS stars close together." But Caroline didn't assign a general discovery number and it wasn't catalogued later. Wolfgang Steinicke found his offset in time and PD from 6th magnitude 34 Cygni (the next object in the sweep) matched this cluster. Interestingly, the next nonstellar object in the sweep was M29, though he just noted "Clustering large stars" with no discovery number or reference to M29.
According to Steinicke, Hugo Clemens "noticed the object on a plate taken [13 Jun 1896] for the Photographische Himmelskarte with a 10.5" f/10.5 astrograph at Potsdam Observatory." The IC credit went to Frank Bellamy, who independently discovered IC 4996 on a plate taken 9 Oct 1903 with the 13" astrograph at Radcliff Observatory in Oxford. The discovery was announced in the paper "A New Cluster in Cygnus", MNRAS 64, 662 (1904). Bellamy didn't state a position for the cluster and Dreyer's estimated position is ~25' too far north.
******************************
20 20 08.7 +16 43 54; Sge
V = 10.8; Size 2"
8" (9/23/22): IC 4997, a very compact mag 10.8
planetary, has an ideal 10th mag comparison star (
14.5" (8/20/22): easy to identify at 66x just 1' NE of a brighter mag 10 star, though in a rich star field. Blinking with the OIII filter than PN seemed roughly 1 mag brighter than the comparison star. At 140x, it displayed a bluish color and was slightly non-stellar (more evident with averted vision), which was confirmed at 226x (perhaps 3" diameter). Excellent view at 660x with an evenly lit, high surface brightness disc.
14.5" (7/11/21): immediately recognized as a compact PN at 140x due to its typical soft blue appearance just 1' NE of a brighter mag 10 star. Adding a UHC filter the PN was noticeably brighter than the star and a tiny disc was clearly outlined. At 182x with a filter, I'd estimate the PN seemed 1 mag brighter than the star. A third 12th mag star just W complete an obtuse isosceles triangle. Increasing to 352x, the blue 3"-5" disc had a very high surface brightness. Also examined at 528x but didn't see any additional details. Located in a rich Sagitta star field 36' NW of the triple star STF 2670 (in Del).
17.5" (8/18/01): the PN appears as an unusually bright mag 11 "star" (V = 10.8) at 100x in a rich star field. Verified with OIII blinking. An excellent comparison star is a mag 10 star just 1' SW. A 12th mag star 2' WSW completes a distinctive obtuse triangle. With the filter the PN is nearly one magnitude brighter than the 10th mag star. At 280x, the PN is bluish and a tiny disc was highly suspected, perhaps 2"-3".
13.1" (7/85): bright stellar planetary at all powers, confirmed with an OIII blinking from home in El Cerrito. A slightly brighter mag 10.4 star for comparison blinking is 1.1' SW.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 4997 = Fleming 97 in 1896 during her regular examination of Henry Draper Memorial photographs. It was included in a list of stars with unusual spectra announced by Pickering in the Harvard College Observatory, Circular No.9 in July 1896. According to Wolfgang Steinicke, Gustav Gruss independently discovered IC 4997 around 1896, using a 6" or 8" refractor with the aid of a visual spectroscope, so both deserve discovery credit.
Based on Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported IC 4997 was "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to have a minute disk visually with the 36-inch."
******************************
20 23 56.3 -26 00 54; Cap
V = 12.5; Size 1.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 92°
18" (9/3/08): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W,
broad weak concentration. Two or
three faint stars are at the edges of the halo; the brightest is a mag 14.5
star at the NE edge of the halo (45" from the center), a faint star at the
west edge (40" from center) and a faint star off the north side. Located 14' SW of mag 7
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 4999 on 26 Aug 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He found this galaxy "While hunting for an object seen in comet seeker" and noted a "pL, R, vf neb among stars."
******************************
20 22 21.5 +06 25 48; Aql
V = 13.7; Size 1.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 63°
17.5" (7/20/90): faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 WSW-ENE,
overall diffuse with a low even surface brightness. A mag 13 star is 30" off the NW side and 1.4' from the
center.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5000 = Big. 335 (= NGC 6901) on
29 Sep 1891 with a description "a clearly nebulous object, 50"
diameter, in its extent are several stellar points." His position matches
******************************
20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic
V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5003 = Sw. 12-18 on 8 Sep 1897 and
reported "vF, [cS], R, 2 st nr sf, point to it. Sp of 2 [with Sw. 12-19]. There is nothing near his position, but based on his
description Harold Corwin found that Swift made an 18 minute error in time in
recording the RA. Once corrected
his position matches
******************************
20 31 38.7 -30 49 58; Mic
V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 78°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5004= Sw. 11-192 on 22 Jul 1897 and
called it "eF; pS; lE; wide D * near s[outh]." There is nothing at his position, but
Harold Corwin found that 6 minutes of RA east is NGC 6923 (discovered by John
Herschel) and Swift's description fits (the wide double star is ~4' S.) So,
******************************
IC 5005 = ESO 528-004 = MCG -04-48-007 = AM 2022-255 = LGG 436-002 = PGC 64657
20 25 20.2 -25 49 44; Cap
V = 12.7; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 67°
18" (9/3/08): fairly faint, moderately large, slightly elongated, 1.0'x0.8', weak concentration. The edge of the halo is ill-defined. A star is at the NW end [brighter of a wide, 28" pair with a slightly fainter star further NW]. Located 9.7' due east of mag 7 HD 194102 and 3' N of a mag 10 star. IC 4999 lies 22' SW.
17.5" (8/8/02): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'. Fairly low, nearly even surface brightness. A faint star is close NNW. Located 3' due north of a mag 10 star.
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.4'x1.0'. Very weak or no concentration. A mag 13.5 star (which has a faint companion preceding) is at the NW edge [35" from center]. Located 2.8' N of a mag 10 star.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5005 on 28 Aug 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory He noted "Verified the faint nebula of Aug 26 [IC 4999] and found another smaller one, very faint, just north of 12m star. It is following an 8m star [by 43 seconds of time]." The identification is certain.
******************************
20 43 34.4 -29 42 13; Mic
V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 28°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5007 = Sw. 12-19 on 8 Sep 1897 and
reported "eeF, cL, R, bet 2 groups of B st sf a.d np, nf of 2 [with Sw.
12-18]. There is nothing near his
position, but based on his description Harold Corwin found that Swift made an
18 minute error in time in recording the RA. Once corrected his position matches
******************************
20 28 33.8 -36 01 38; Mic
V = 11.7; Size 2.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 19°
24" (9/30/16): at 282x; fairly bright, moderately
large, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 1.8'x0.7'.
Sharply concentrated with three distinct zones: a small high surface
brightness core, a fairly low surface brightness halo, a small high surface
brightness core and a very small, intensely bright nucleus. Mag 7.8
IC 5011 forms an interacting contact pair with
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly bright, moderately large, very
elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 2.0'x0.7'.
Sharp concentration and dominated by a striking bright core with much
fainter extensions. Located 10' N
of a mag 7.5 star (
17.5" (8/3/94): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE. Sharply concentrated with a very bright core that appears elongated at 225x or double at moments. The much fainter halo gradually fades into the background. A mag 7.5 star is 10' S near the edge of the field.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5011 = Sw. 11-193 on 25 Jul 1897 and recorded "pB, vS, eE". There is nothing at his position but 1.3 minutes of RA east is ESO 400-029 and his description clearly applies. He found the galaxy again a month later (29 Aug 1897) and reported "eeS; eE in meridian [N-S]; curious object." This time his RA was only 8 seconds too small. So, IC 5011 = IC 5013. See Harold Corwin's and Malcolm Thomson's remarks for more.
******************************
20 28 33.8 -36 01 38; Mic
V = 11.7; Size 2.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 19°
24" (9/30/16): at 282x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 1.8'x0.7'. Sharply concentrated with three distinct zones: a small high surface brightness core, a fairly low surface brightness halo, a small high surface brightness core and a very small, intensely bright nucleus. Mag 7.8 HD 194727 is 10' S.
IC 5013 forms an interacting contact pair with ESO 400-030 at the southeast edge of the halo [1.0' SSE from center]. The companion appeared as a very faint, fairly small glow held nearly continuously with averted and concentration. It seemed to have a small brighter core and an elongated halo ~18"x12".
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 2.0'x0.7'. Sharp concentration and dominated by a striking bright core with much fainter extensions. Located 10' N of a mag 7.5 star (SAO 212153). A companion (ESO 400-030) at the south edge was not seen, probably due to the low elevation.
17.5" (8/3/94): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE. Sharply concentrated with a very bright core that appears elongated at 225x or double at moments. The much fainter halo gradually fades into the background. A mag 7.5 star is 10' S near the edge of the field.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5013 = Sw. 11-194, for the second
time, on 29 Aug 1897 and reported "eeS; eE in meridian [N-S]; curious
object." His RA is only 8
seconds too small. His first
observation was a month earlier and the discovered was listed as Sw. 11-193
(later IC 5011), but his RA was 1.3 minutes too small. His description "pB; vS; eE"
clearly applies to the same galaxy. So, IC 5011 = IC 5013. Malcolm Thomson equated IC 5011 with
******************************
20 30 47.1 -36 04 37; Mic
V = 14.6; Size 1.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 85°
24" (9/6/18): at 225x; extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated, 15"x10" (core region seen). This galaxy was surprisingly faint and was only occasionally glimpsed. A mag 14 star is 1' N and two mag 13.5/14.6 stars are less than 3' ESE. Located 27' ESE of IC 5013 (interacting contact pair).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5019 = Sw. 11-195 on 16 Sep 1897
and reported "vF; cS; R; several pB stars south and following." There is nothing at his position but
15' N is
******************************
20 30 38.5 -33 29 08; Mic
V = 12.3; Size 3.0'x2.1'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 153°
24" (9/30/16): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 2.0'x1.4', contains a relatively large bright core that gradually increases to the center.
17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, moderately large, irregularly round, gradually increases to a brighter center, 1.5' diameter. Located in a stream of stars flowing ~E-W through the 22' field and a second curving lane of stars heading south (includes a brighter mag 11 star) is close following the galaxy.
17.5" (8/3/94): fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W. Broad concentration with no distinct core but the nucleus appears offset to the west side giving an asymmetric appearance. A flipped "?" asterism (reversed N-S) is just following with the hook ending just east of the galaxy with a mag 14 star.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5020 = Sw. 11-196 on 29 Aug 1897
and logged "pF; pS; lE."
His position is 10 seconds of RA east and 1.6' south of
******************************
20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic
V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°
See observing notes for IC 5039.
Lewis Swift found IC 5029 = Sw. 12-22 on 26 Jul 1897 and reported "eeF, eS, eE, F * with dist companion nr sf, point to it, np of 2 [with Sw. 12-23]. There is nothing near his position, but based on his description this was the second of four discoveries of the same pair of galaxies! In this case his RA was 3 minutes of time too small. See IC 5039 for more on the story.
******************************
20 46 51.7 -65 01 01; Pav
V = 13.4; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 75°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x and 429x; moderately
bright, oval 3:2 WSW-ENE, ~40"x28", brighter core. Two mag 14 and 15 stars are off the WSW
end [1.0' and 1.6' from center].
Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5038 = D.S. 684 on a plate taken on 23 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, alm stell."
******************************
IC 5039 = IC 5046 = IC 5003 = IC 5029 = ESO 463-020 = MCG -05-49-001 = PGC 65249
20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic
V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°
17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, fairly large edge-on, 2'x0.5' NNW-SSE, broad concentration. A faint star is very close to the SE extension [36" from center]. In field with IC 5041 10' NNE.
17.5" (8/5/91): faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, sharp concentration. A mag 15 star is at the SE end and a 14th magnitude star is 1.7' ENE of center. Forms a pair with IC 5041 10.0' NNE.
Lewis Swift found IC 5039 = Sw. 11-197 = Sw. 11-198, along with IC 5041 = Sw. 11-199, on 29 Aug 1897 and recorded (for XI-197) "vF; pS; R; 2 F st near nf point to it; 1st of 3." His position for IC 5039 is 17 seconds of RA west of ESO 463-020 = PGC 65249 and that of IC 5041 is 2.5' N of ESO 463-021 = PGC 65258. The listing for Sw. 11-198 is only 15 seconds of time east with description "eeF; eS; eE; near p[receding] star of sev[eral] curved; 2nd of 3." Herbert Howe rexamined the field in 1900 and found only 1 nebula near Swift's position of both numbers and concluded they referred to the same object based on the descriptions.
Remarkably, this was the 3rd out of 4 times he
"discovered" this pair in the summer of 1897 at the age of 77. His first observation of the pair, Sw.
11-200 (later
******************************
IC 5041 = IC 5047 = IC 5007 = IC 5030 = ESO 463-021 = MCG -05-49-002 = PGC 65258
20 43 34.4 -29 42 13; Mic
V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 28°
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, irregularly round, broad concentration with large ill-defined core. At least 2' diameter, though hard to estimate diameter and slowly fades around the periphery. Forms a pair with brighter IC 5039 10' SSW.
17.5" (8/5/91): very faint, fairly small, irregularly round, low surface brightness. Pair with IC 5039 10' SSW.
See notes on IC 5039.
******************************
IC 5042 = ESO 106-013 = PGC 65394
20 47 46.0 -65 05 04; Pav
V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 41°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x and 429x; fairly faint or moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.6'x0.45', broad weak concentration. Forms a pair with slightly brighter IC 5038 7' NW. A 30" pair of mag 10.7/11.5 stars is 6' N. Located 12' SSE of mag 6.7 HD 197359.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5042 = D.S. 685 on a plate taken on 23 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, alm stell."
******************************
IC 5046 = IC 5039 = IC 5003 = IC 5029 = ESO 463-020 = MCG -05-49-001 = PGC 65249
20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic
V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°
17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, fairly large edge-on, 2'x0.5' NNW-SSE, broad concentration. A faint star is very close to the SE extension [36" from center]. In field with IC 5041 10' NNE.
17.5" (8/5/91): faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, sharp concentration. A mag 15 star is at the SE end and a 14th magnitude star is 1.7' ENE of center. Forms a pair with IC 5041 10.0' NNE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5046 = Sw. 11-200 on 9 Jun 1897 and reported "eF; pS; vE; eeF * and vF * near sf point to it; sp of 2 [with IC 5047]." His position is roughly 1.5 minutes of time too large and 3' too far south. But the description is a perfect match. Swift discovered this galaxy a total of 4 times in the summer of 1897! See IC 5039 for the story.
******************************
IC 5047 = IC 5041 = IC 5007 = IC 5030 = ESO 463-021 = MCG -05-49-002 = PGC 65258
20 43 34.4 -29 42 13; Mic
V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 28°
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, irregularly round, broad concentration with large ill-defined core. At least 2' diameter, though hard to estimate diameter and slowly fades around the periphery. Forms a pair with brighter IC 5039 10' SSW.
17.5" (8/5/91): very faint, fairly small, irregularly round, low surface brightness. Pair with IC 5039 10' SSW.
See notes on IC 5039.
******************************
20 47 23.4 -38 24 56; Mic
Size 1.5'x1.0'; PA = 148°
24" (9/8/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval
3:2 NNW-SSE, ~40"x25".
With careful viewing I noticed this was a double system with the halos
merged [16" between centers].
Each component was no more 20" diameter. The NNW galaxy (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5049 = Sw. 11-202 on 17 Sep 1897 and wrote "eeF; pS; R." His position is 30 seconds of time west and 4' south of a merged, double system, which Swift apparently didn't resolve. The components are called IC 5049A and 5049B in NED.
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20 52 06 -69 12 14; Pav
V = 11.2; Size 5.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 143°
30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 394x; gorgeous edge-on galaxy! Fairly bright, extremely large, very thin ~10:1 NW-SE, ~5.5'x0.6', slightly brighter core, bulges very slightly at the center or offset to the northwest side, tapers more thinly on the southeast end. A mag 16.3 star is at the north edge of the northwest extension, a mag 16.5 star is off the south edge at this end and a mag 17.5 star is very close to the tip.
18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 128x
this galaxy appears as a beautiful, narrow edge-on streak with little or no
central concentration. It is
elongated ~10:1 NW-SE, ~5'x0.5', with a slightly bulging core and a gradual
tapering towards the tips. A mag
10 star lies 5' N. Located 30' SE
of mag 5.4 Sigma Pavonis.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5052 = DS 692 on a plate taken on 23 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, L, extremely elongated at 140°, 4' long."
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20 53 36.2 -71 08 28; Pav
V = 13.7; Size 1.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 55°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; fairly faint or
moderately bright, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.0'x 0.4', brighter core. A mag 11.5 star is 1.7' N. A thin
equatorial dust lane was not noticed. IC 5053 is located 16' SE of mag 8.2 HD
197828 and forms an interacting pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5053 = DS 694 on a plate taken on 26 Sep 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cF, vS, bM, * mag 11 n 2'."
******************************
IC 5054 = ESO 074-019 = AM 2048-711 NED2 = PGC 65665
20 53 45.4 -71 01 29; Pav
V = 13.9; Size 2.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; fairly faint,
moderately large, very elongated 4:1 N-S, ~50"x12", slightly brighter
core. Bracketed between a mag 9.9
star 0.8' SW of center and a mag 12.7 star 0.8' NE of center! Forms a wide interacting pair with IC
5053 7' SSW. Located 14' ESE of
mag 8.2
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5054 = D.S. 695 on a plate taken on 26 Sep 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cF, vS, bet 2 F st." His position is 1' too far southwest, but there is no question on the identity.
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20 47 13.5 +00 19 19; Aqr
V = 14.5
24" (9/26/19): IC 5057 is a mag 14.5 star just off the
west side of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5057 = Big. 436 on 27 Jul 1884. His position matches a single star on the west edge of NGC 6962.
2MASX J20470744+0018016, a faint galaxy 3' SW of NGC 6962, was misidentified as IC 5057 in the 1921 Helwan Observatory observations, based on photos taken in 1914-16. It was described as "vF, vS; a vF star 20" following."
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20 47 20.4 +00 29 00; Aqr
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4
18" (8/1/05): faintest of six in the NGC 6962 group. Appeared very faint, very small, round, 15"-20" diameter. At first I thought it had a faint stellar nucleus with direct vision, but with careful viewing this was a mag 15-15.5 star at the south edge. Located 1.3' N of a mag 13 star, on a line with two mag 14 stars a similar distance to the east and west. This galaxy is misidentified as NGC 6963 in most modern catalogues.
17.5" (7/16/88): very faint, small, slightly elongated
~N-S, broad concentration, barely visible continuously with direct vision. Located 10' N of NGC 6962 within a
triangle of mag 13-14 stars including a mag 14 star 1.4' E and a mag 13 star
1.3' S. Faintest of six in NGC
6962 group. This galaxy is
misidentified in the RNGC, UGC, MCG, CGCG as
17.5" (8/31/86): very faint (requires averted), small, slightly elongated ~N-S, faint stellar nucleus.
13.1" (8/23/84): requires averted vision to confirm,
similar to
13.1" (7/27/84): extremely faint, very small, round. Located 10' N of NGC 6962 within a small equilateral triangle of faint stars.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5058 = Big. 438 (= NGC 6965) on
2 Oct 1891 and reobserved on 17 Oct 1897.
He reported "this object once appeared rather diffuse and once
quite stellar, is distinct from NGC 6963." His position applies to
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20 47 37.0 +00 20 09; Aqr
V = 14/14.5/14.5; Size 8"/16"
24" (9/25/19): at 375x; this number applies to 3 mag 14/14.5 stars that were easily resolved. The northern two stars form an 8" pair with the 3rd star 15" to the south. Located 4.6' E of NGC 6962.
Ralph Copeland discovered IC 5061 = Big. 439 in an
observation of the NGC 6962 group on 28 Sep 1873. Part of his desription reads, "A pB, R, neb, gradually
brighter in the middle in Pos 55.9°, Dist 236.1" from (1) [
******************************
20 48 10.3 -08 21 36; Aqr
V = 15/15
17.5" (7/1/89): faint mag 15/15 double star at 10" separation. Situated 6' W of NGC 6968.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5062 = Big. 336 on 7 Oct 1891. His position lands on a double star.
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20 52 02.3 -57 04 08; Ind
V = 11.9; Size 2.1'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 116°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; bright, large,
slightly elongated NW-SE, ~1.5'x1.1'.
Sharply concentrated with a relatively large, very bright core. More
abrupt light cutoff on the north side [probably due to its dust lane]. A mag 11.3 star is 3.3' N. Forms a pair with
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 5063 = F. 1214 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 17 May 1904. He noted "bM, magn 13."
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IC 5064 = ESO 187-028 = PGC 65634
20 52 38.3 -57 13 57; Ind
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 51°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, ~50"x30", contains a bright elongated core. Structure was intermittently visible in the halo with averted vision (perhaps spiral arms). Forms a pair with IC 5063 11' NNW.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 5064 = F. 1215 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 17 May 1904. He noted "bM, magn 13." (same as IC 5063)
******************************
20 51 45.8 -29 50 50; Mic
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5
18" (7/11/10): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 0.7x0.5, sharply concentrated with a small bright core. Situated just 4.1' SSE of a mag 7 star and best viewed with the star removed from the field.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5065 = Sw. 12-24 on 8 Sep 1897 and
reported "vF, pS, R, 8m * in margin of field n." There is nothing at his position, but 1
min 30 seconds of time further east is
******************************
20 47 36 +42 54 12; Cyg
Size 42'x14'
18" (9/25/06): I viewed the
Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 5067 visually, along with IC
5068 and 5070, on 7 Sep 1899 with his 17.25-inch Calver reflector. He simply
noted "faint" and there is nothing at his position, about 37' W of
the neck of the Pelican Nebula (
Harold Corwin suggests that if Espin's declination was off by 1.5°, then IC 5067 corresponds with IC 5068B, described here. Espin's positions for IC 5068 and 5070 are good, so otherwise IC 5067 is lost without additional information, but Corwin notes that IC 5068B is the brightest nebula in the region that he might have picked up.
Gaze and Shajn discovered IC 5068B during an H-alpha survey at the Simeis Observatory in Crimea (then Russia) in the early 1950s. It was catalogued in the second discovery list (1951) as S[imeis] 85.
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20 50 29 +42 29; Cyg
Size 30'
18" (9/25/06): IC 5068 is the second of three very
large emission nebulae roughly one degree south of the southern end of the
Pelican Nebula. At 113x and an
OIII filter, this object appears very large, diffuse, irregular glow, roughly
25'x20'. It is noticeably brighter
in a 12' circular region about 10' N of a mag 7.3 star (
To the northwest is a second large patch of nebulosity, generally designated IC 5068B, though if Espin's declination was off by 1.5°, this may be IC 5067. This piece is very large and elongated NW to SE, extending perhaps 40'x15'. It contains a bright circular 10' patch to the south of a mag 8 star (SAO 50061). A broad river of faint nebulosity streams away towards the northwest from this brighter region.
To the east of IC 5068 is the least conspicuous section,
dubbed
Naked-eye (11/30/21): I viewed the region of the North American/Pelican Nebula through a handheld 1x image-intensifier monocular and 6nm H-alpha filter. Three distinct elongated patches (IC 5068/5068B and IC 5068C) were easily visible to the S and SE of the Pelican Nebula. IC 5068/5068B were connected and the larger of the glows.
Reverend Thomas Espin discovered IC 5068, along with IC 5070, visually on 7 Sep 1899 with a 17.25-inch Calver reflector at his Tow Law observatory in England. He simply noted "very faint", but his position is only 6' NW of center of this very large, parallelogram-shaped nebula, so the identification is fairly certain.
Discovered by Espin (AN 3633). Described simply as "very faint". The Pelican Nebula is also announced in this short list of 6 objects. His discovery position is 1 tmin W of the Sky Catalogue 2000.0 position!
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IC 5070 = Sh 2-117 = LBN 350 = Ced 183c = Pelican Nebula
20 50 48 +44 21; Cyg
Size 80'x70'
18" (7/17/07): The huge Pelican Nebula overfilled the 67' field in the 31 Nagler. The UHC filter gave a higher contrast than the OIII filter. Several brighter sections were noted on the close-up chart A1 in the U2000 atlas. One of the brightest pieces is the "neck" of the Pelican located 20'-25' W of mag 4.8 57 Cygni and collinear with two mag 8/9 stars 10' and 12' due west. The glow extends 10' in length. To the SW of the mag 4.8 star is the large "beak" section that streams from NW to SE and extends roughly 20'x8', widening a bit at the SE end. The west side of the beak is defined by a dark lane that parallels the nebulosity and the large, faint body of the Pelican is west of this lane and includes 5.1-magnitude 56 Cygni (the nebulosity is very weak here). The brightest section of the body is a large, circular patch at the south end, ~12' diameter, and located 30' SE of 56 Cygni and 55' S of the "neck".
18" (9/25/06): This was the first observation of the Pelican Nebula in quite awhile and I forgot about this huge, interesting emission nebula. The view was fascinating at 113x with an OIII or UHC filter as this object overfilled the 44' field. I started exploring to the west of 4.8-magnitude 57 Cygni. The brightest section is possibly on a line with this star and a mag 7.2 star further east and corresponds with the neck portion on the Pelican. This is where the ionization front is most evident on photographs. The elongated "beak" of the Pelican also begins to the west of the bright star and streams off in a wide river of nebulosity towards the southeast and passing out of the field. A long darker lane apparently free of nebulosity isolates the "neck" from the main body of the Pelican. The irregular body spreads out to the south of the neck well beyond the southern edge of the eyepiece field and extends at least 65' from the neck terminating at the SE end with a roundish bright patch of nebulosity ~12' in diameter. The Pelican is located directly west of the North American Nebula and part of the same huge complex of nebulosity in this region (separated by the dark cloud LDN 935).
13.1" (9/3/83): the entire body of the "Pelican" is easily visible at 62x and a UHC filter. The "head and neck" section is easy to view along with the fainter "bill" and a long body extending from head. Located west of the North America Nebula in a rich field between two mag 7 stars.
8" (6/22/81): faint, surrounding scattered group of stars at 50x and UHC filter. Appears as a bright patch to the west of two bright stars (neck section).
Reverend Thomas Espin discovered IC 5070, along with IC 5068, visually on 7 Sep 1899 with a 17 1/4-inch Calver reflector at his Tow Law observatory in England. The discovery was included in a short list of 6 new objects (including the Cocoon Nebula) in AN 3633 and noted as "faint and diffused". His position corresponds with the "neck" of the Pelican, the brightest part of the nebula, so the identification is certain.
Max Wolf photographed the region surrounding the North American Nebula on 1 Jun 1891 (AN 3048) on a 3 hour plate. He gives a general description of the region with no specific positions, though mentions strong nebulosity was recorded around the stars 56 and 57 Cygni, which are involved in the Pelican Nebula. So, certainly it was captured on his early image. Espin is credited with the discovery in the IC2, but Wolf should share credit.
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21 01 19.7 -72 38 34; Pav
V = 12.5; Size 3.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 17°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; moderately bright and
large, very elongated 5:1 or 6:1 SSW-NNE, 1.5'x0.25', small brighter elongated
core, low surface brightness outer extensions. Appears slightly brighter on the northern extension (perhaps
a HII knot?). A mag 13.3 star is
off the western flank of the northern end of the galaxy [0.9' from center] and
a 25" pair of mag 13.2/14 stars is close northeast of the northern tip of
the galaxy [2.1' from center].
Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5071 = D.S. 699 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 26 Sep 1900. He noted "cB, S, extremely elongated at 20°, stell N."
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IC 5073 = ESO 047-021 = PGC 65992
21 03 19.9 -72 41 16; Pav
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.1
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Using averted vision, a very low surface brightness halo [a pair of narrow spiral arms on DSS] doubled the diameter. Forms a wide pair with IC 5071 9.5' WNW.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5073 = D.S. 701 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 26 Sep 1900. He noted "eF, S, R."
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20 55 54 +47 25; Cyg
Size 9'x6'
17.5" (10/24/92): fairly faint, fairly large, 4'
diameter. Extends west of mag 5.7
13.1" (8/25/84): fairly faint, extends generally west of the mag 5.7 star although the border is irregular.
8" (8/28/81): mag 6 star surrounded by very faint reflection nebula at low power using a Daystar 300 filter.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5076 on 13 Sep 1895 while taking
a photograph of the "cluster"
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21 02 31.3 -16 49 06; Cap
V = 12.7; Size 4.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 85°
17.5" (8/11/96): very faint, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 WSW-ENE, low surface brightness. The view is severely hampered by a mag 12 star superimposed on the SW side of the galaxy. The extension following the star is easier to view, but still requires attention and could easily be passed over. The galaxy is sandwiched between a mag 12 star 1' SE and a brighter mag 11 star 1' NW.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5078 = DS 703 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 26 Sep 1900. He noted "nebulous streak, nr middle * of 3, susp."
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21 04 39.5 -12 20 18; Aqr
V = 13.5; Size 2.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 30°
17.5" (7/8/89): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, weakly concentrated.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5082 = Big. 440 on 27 Aug 1886.
According to Harold Corwin, due to John Herschel's poor position for
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21 03 51.5 +11 45 49; Equ
Size 0.5'x0.5'
17.5" (11/25/00): faint, very small, round, 15"
diameter, faint but sharp stellar nucleus. Located 4' due west of mag 8.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5083 = Sw. 11-203 on 12 Aug 1896 and reported "eeeF; vS; p[receding] 8m * 13s same parallel; wide D * near n[orth]; ee diff." His position is 5' too far northwest, but his detailed description is a perfect match. Swift gave the discovery date as 1897 in his large 11th list, but it must have been found in 1896 as reported in his first Lowe Observatory list in 1896 AJ, 17. Howe measured an accurate micrometric position in 1898 or 1899 that was used in the IC2.
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21 08 32.0 -29 46 09; Mic
V = 12.8; Size 1.5'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.6
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter. Evenly concentrated down to a faint stellar nucleus but there is no well-defined core region. Forms the west vertex of an isosceles triangle with two similar mag 12 stars 5.8' E and 4.0' NE.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5086 = Sw. 11-204 on 15 Jul 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He wrote in his logbook, "1' S and 22' p a 8m star. 1/2' dia, R, indef, 12 1/2 mag. Not in NGC." His rough pointing position is 5' S of IC 5086 and the comment about the 8th mag star applies.
Lewis Swift possibly found this galaxy again on 15 Sep 1897
and recorded "eeF, pS, R, F * near f 90 degrees." His position is poor - 20' southwest of
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21 11 30.5 -02 01 57; Aqr
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 26°
17.5" (8/8/02): fairly faint, very elongated 4:1
SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.25', increases to a brighter core. Forms a pair with MCG
+00-54-002 5.7' W. Located 7' N of
mag 7.7
Herbert Couper Wilson discovered IC 5090 visually on 8 Oct 1895 while searching for Comet Faye with the 16.2-inch Brashear refractor of the Goodsell Observatory in Minnesota. He remarked, "the nebula is very faint, very small and round, with a rather sharp condensation, 12m or 13m, in the center. He measured an accurate micrometric position using the mag 7.7 star 7' S.
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21 16 14.5 -64 27 53; Pav
V = 12.1; Size 2.9'x2.4'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 8°
30" (10/10/15 - OzSky): at 394x; IC 5092 has an unusual
appearance. It is moderately
bright and large, containing a central bar oriented E-W surrounded by a large
low surface brightness halo with a hint of spiral structure. Located 17' NW of mag 6.3
Royal Frost discovered IC 5092 = F. 1217 on a plate taken on 19 Sep 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the Bruce 24" photographic refractor. The galaxy was described as "pL, E, mbM."
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21 21 29.4 +21 14 28; Peg
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 173°
17.5" (7/26/95): very faint, fairly small, edge-on 6:1 N-S, 1.2'x0.2', no concentration. An unequal double star is 1.2' E and a brighter easy pair is 2.4' SSW. Located 4.6' S of mag 8.2 SAO 89645.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5104 = J. 3-1406 on 26 Oct 1897. His position was 2.6' too far south due to an error in the position of his reference star.
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21 24 22.0 -40 32 16; Mic
V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 40°
13.1" (10/20/84): faint, small, round, brighter core. Just visible continuously with direct vision.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5105 = Sw. 12-25 on 19 Aug 1897 and noted "vF, vS, R, * with dist. comp. n and s." His position is 5.4' too far south, but matches in RA. There are numerous stars around, so I don't know which stars he had in mind.
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21 30 43.4 -60 00 07; Ind
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 49°
30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright, fairly small, 45" diameter, contains a bright elongated core that appears to be a bar, stellar nucleus. NGC 7059 lies 25' W.
Royal Frost discovered IC 5110 = F. 1219 on a plate taken on 19 Sep 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the Bruce 24" photographic refractor.
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21 34 07.6 -36 39 12; Gru
V = 12.9; Size 2.1'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 86°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5114 = Sw. 11-206 on 9 Jul 1897 and wrote "eF; pS; R; e[xtremely] wide D * f[ollows] 30 s." There is nothing near his position, which is roughly 2 minutes of time west and 3.5' south of NGC 7091 (see for problems on its position). Swift's description applies to this galaxy, though, with the two stars (1.2' separation) rougly 30 seconds of time following. So, despite his poor position (very common in his last two lists), IC 5114 is likely NGC 7091.
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21 31 37.6 +11 49 54; Peg
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (7/28/19): at 322x; very similar view as previous described. Visible with direct vision and not difficult to hold continuously.
24" (10/6/18): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
~25" diameter, very small bright nucleus. The galaxy forms a right angle with a mag 14 star 0.8' W and
a mag 14.5 star 1.3' SSE. This
compact CGCG is situated just 32' SE of the center of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5115 = Sw. 11-205 on 12 Sep 1896
and wrote, "eeF; vS; faint * near f; not [NGC]7068." There is nothing at his position but
nearly 30 seconds of RA east is
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21 32 31.0 +44 35 48; Cyg
V = 11.5; Size 2.5"
8" (9/24/22): very nice appearance with the 8" mask. At 95x, the mag 11.5 PN forms a "double" with a brighter 10th mag star just 22" east. Adding a NPB filter yields a significant contrast gain and the PN appears noticeably brighter than the reference star, gaining well over 2 magnitudes in comparison. At 225x and 325x, IC 5117 displayed a blue-grey color, but was still virtually stellar.
14.5" (7/23/22): easily identified at 158x in a rich Milky Way star field by blinking with a narrowband NPB filter. At this power it was stellar (mag 11.5) but had a light blue color and formed a wide double with a relatively bright mag 10 star at 22" separation. Excellent contrast boost with the filter. Increasing to 660x, the planetary was just non-stellar [under 3"], particularly with averted vision, which showed a tiny halo better.
24" (8/8/21): identified at 200x as a blue "star" that forms a wide pair with a brighter mag 10 star close following [21" ENE]. Adding a UHC filter, IC 5117 appeared brighter than the star. A 12" pair of mag 13/14 stars is 40" N. At 260x, IC 5117 seemed soft and I noticed a faint star about 10" W of the mag 10 star (closer to the PN). At 375x, a very small blue disc, 2"-3", was resolved. Also viewed at 500x and 1000x as the seeing was excellent. IC 5117 is located 28' SE of mag 6.8 HD 204918.
18" (11/17/08): picked up at 175x in a rich star field by blinking with an OIII filter. Excellent contrast gain using the filter. Forms the fainter component (V = 11.5) of a "double star" with a mag 10 star 21" ENE, but with the filter the planetary dominates the star. Interestingly, there is similar double (Es 1339 = 10.8/11.5 at 24") in terms of separation and position angle ~3' NE! Without a filter at 175x, IC 5117 has a soft, bluish appearance. Using 450x, a very small 2" disc was clearly visible but it was too small to resolve any structure.
13.1" (8/7/85): appears as mag 11.5 "star" without a filter. Forms a 20" double with a mag 10 star just east. Using an OIII filter the planetary is brighter than the star by one magnitude (contrast gain of roughly 2.5 magnitudes).
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 5117 = Fleming 104 in 1905 while examining objective-prism photographs of the Henry Draper Memorial. She commmented "Bright lines. Gaseous Nebula" in the 1905 Harvard College Observatory Circular No. 98 ("Stars Having Peculiar Spectra") and noted "this object is exceedingly faint." Thomas Espin made several visual observations in 1911 with his 17.25-inch Calver reflector and the "nebula was thought to show a tiny disc."
Based on Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported IC 5117 was "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to have a minute disk visually with the 36-inch refractor."
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21 41 19.9 -63 54 29; Ind
V = 11.9; Size 2.0'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 130°
See observing notes for
Royal Frost found IC 5121 = F. 1221 on an Arequipa plate taken 19 Sep 1903 and recorded "planetary, stellar, 13 magn." There is nothing at his postion but exactly 30' N is NGC 7096. NED, SIMBAD, Southern Galaxy Catalogue, and ESO equate IC 5121 with NGC 7096. Jenni Kay questions this identification (e-mail 20 Aug 1998 and in Deep Sky Observer #159 in 2012), as the description for IC 5121 doesn't seem appropriate. See Corwin's comments.
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21 39 45.9 -22 24 23; Cap
V = 15.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 55°
18" (8/9/10): extremely faint, very small, round, 12" diameter, requires averted vision. Located 4' NNW of NGC 7103, the brightest galaxy in cluster ACO S963. IC 5122 is collinear with a mag 14 star 2' ENE and a mag 13.3 star 4.7' ENE.
18" (8/11/07): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter, requires averted vision. Located 4.2' NNW of NGC 7103 in cluster ACO S963.
17.5" (10/13/90): extremely faint, very small, round, cannot hold steadily with averted. Faintest of four in ACO S963 and forms the west vertex of an equilateral triangle with NGC 7103 4.2' SSE and NGC 7104 4.2' ESE. IC 1393 lies 6.5' E.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5122 = Ho. II-13 on 17 Sep 1898
and noted "vF, eS. Near [NGC]
7103 and 7104." He added a
note "No. 13 is in the same field with 7103, 7104, and [
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21 41 50.2 -52 46 25; Ind
V = 13.4; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5
25" (10/10/15 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, weak
concentration.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5125 = DS 723 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, eS, R, bM."
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21 39 44.7 +06 17 10; Peg
V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 153°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5127 = Big. 338 on 27 Oct 1894. There is nothing at his position. But Harold Corwin and Courtney Seligman re-reduced his position based on an accurate coordinates of his offset star (BD+5 4837). The resulting position is just 5 seconds of RA east of NGC 7102, resulting in IC 5127 = NGC 7102. But, Corwin mentions that "he dates his three measurements to the same night on which he made three measurements of NGC 7102 (these reduce to the correct position)." So, this requires Bigourdan to have measured the same object twice, once assuming it was new.
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21 47 25.3 -34 53 01; PsA
V = 12.3; Size 1.4'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5" (7/16/93): fairly faint, small, round, small
bright core, stellar nucleus.
Situated at the midpoint on a line connecting two stars mag 13.5 and
14.5 separation 3.0' oriented SW-NE.
1st of 3 with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5131 = Sw. 11-207, along with IC 5135 = NGC 7130, on 17 Sep 1897 and noted "vF; vS; R." His position is 5.4' too far southwest, roughly the same offset as XI-208 = IC 5135 and XI-209 = NGC 7135. Herbert Howe measured an accurate micrometric position (given in the IC2) in 1898-99.
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21 42 40.3 +66 10 07; Cep
Size 1'
18" (10/29/11): faint, small glow surrounding a mag 12
star about 4' NNW of the main section of
17.5" (10/17/98): IC 5132 and IC 5133 refers to faint nebulosity surrounding a pair of mag 12 stars at 1' separation situated ~5' NNW of NGC 7129 (same complex of reflection nebulae). It was difficult to verify with certainty as the background sky around six stars arranged in two parallel rows each ~2' in length appears to be weakly glowing. IC 5132 and 5133 are surrounding the two stars closest to NGC 7129 and the background glow does appear very slightly enhanced around these stars.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5132 and 5133 on a photograph
taken 25 Sep 1895 of NGC 7129. He noted "there are three stars, each about
13th magnitude, surrounded by very faint nebulosity in the positions following,
measured from the centre of the tristellar nucleus of the nebula: (1) 358"
north following; (2) 326" north preceding; (3) 277" north
preceding. The stars Nos. 2 and 3
are not referred to in Dr. Dreyer's catalogues, and the measurements given
above are approximate." His
offsets identify the two stars given here, although Dreyer's positions are
offset to the southwest. Roberts'
first object didn't make it into the IC as Dreyer apparently thought it was
identical to
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21 42 47.1 +66 10 51; Cep
Size 1'
18" (10/29/11): very faint, small glow surrounding a mag 12 star about 5' NNW of the main section of NGC 7129. IC 5132, a slightly brighter glow and central star lies 1' SW.
17.5" (10/17/98): IC 5132/5133 are very weak nebulae surrounding mag 12 stars ~5' NNW.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5133 and 5132 on a photograph taken 25 Sep 1895 of NGC 7129. See comments for IC 5132.
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21 42 58.6 +66 06 10; Cep
See observing notes for NGC 7129.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5134 = Big. 339 on 15 Oct 1895 and noted "star, which appears accompanied by nebulosity located especially opposite 7129." His position and description clearly applies to the nebulosity around the brightest southern star, as he thought NGC 7129 only applied to one of the northern patches. So, IC 5134 is technically part of NGC 7129.
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21 48 19.5 -34 57 06; PsA
V = 12.1; Size 1.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.7
17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, moderately large, round, ~1.5' diameter. Well concentrated with a prominent core and much fainter halo. NGC 7135 lies 19' ENE.
17.5" (7/16/93): moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated ~N-S, large bright core. Appears to have a knot or star superimposed at the north edge. Second of three with NGC 7135 19' ENE and IC 5131 11' NW.
13.1" (8/5/83): faint, small, round, NGC 7135 in field 19' ENE.
Lewis Swift found IC 5135 = Sw. 11-208 on 17 Sep 1897 and reported "vF; pL; R; sp of 2 [with Sw. 11-209 = NGC 7135]; not 7130 or 7135." His position is 4.5' SW of NGC 7130 (John Herschel made a 30' error in declination), close enough that Howe was able to find it in 1898-99 and measure an accurate position (used in the IC 2). It's unclear what Swift assumed to be NGC 7130.
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21 49 45.6 -34 52 33; PsA
V = 11.7; Size 3.0'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 47°
See observing notes for NGC 7135.
Lewis Swift found IC 5136 = Sw. 12-27 on 15 Sep 1897 and reported "eeF, S, R, wide D * points to it, sev pB st sf and np." There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin suggests that Swift found NGC 7135, which is 1.2° south of his position and 1 minute of RA east. I don't see what stars he had in mind, though, for the "wide D *" that points to the galaxy. He found the galaxy again just 2 nights later and reported Sw. 11-209 as "eeF; pL; R; 3 B st form a triangle; nf of 2 [with IC 5135 = NGC 7130]." Herbert Howe reexamined the field in 1899 and realized Swift's #209 was identical to NGC 7135, so Dreyer didn't assign another IC desigation.
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21 50 25.6 -30 59 41; PsA
V = 12.3; Size 2.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 33°
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.5', weakly concentrated. A faint star appears is attached at the NE end (just visible on DSS).
17.5" (7/25/95): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.5', fairly high surface brightness, broad concentration to a brighter core. There appears to be an extremely faint star or knot at the NE end. Bracketed by two mag 14.5 stars 2' NE and two similar stars 2' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5139 = Sw. 12-28 on 18 Aug 1897 and noted "vF, S, lE." His RA is 16 seconds too large, actually a fairly close match considering his very poor positions during his last summer of observing.
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21 56 09.7 -49 31 19; Ind
V = 12.2; Size 2.2'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 4°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5143 = Sw. 11-210 on 17 Sep 1897 and logged "eeF; pS; R; in line with 2 9m st[ars]." There is nothing at his position, but 28' S is NGC 7155 and Harold Corwin comments that Swift's description of the two 9th mag stars clinches the identification. So, IC 5143 = NGC 7155. There's confusion on the observation date; his second discovery list at Lowe Observatory (in Popular Astronomy) gives 27 Sep, but his large 11th list states September 17th. This galaxy is the most southerly that he recorded.
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21 54 09.5 +15 02 13; Peg
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (8/12/15): at 375x; faint, small, round, 18" diameter. A mag 15 star is just 24" SE of center. Easily picked up, though not plotted as a "star" on the Megastar chart.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5144, along with
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IC 5145 = UGC 11844 = MCG +02-55-028 = CGCG 427-041 = WBL 674-003 = PGC 67619
21 54 23.1 +15 09 25; Peg
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 171°
24" (8/12/15): at 375x; moderately bright, elongated 5:3 ~N-S, 40"x24", contains a brighter, elongated core. A mag 14.5 star is 1.2' S. Brightest in a group (WBL 674) with IC 5144 8' SSW, CGCG 427-040 6.8' S and UGC 11845 8.5' SSE.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5145, along with IC 5144, on 30 Jul 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. It was found after comet-seeking "in the field and s.p. an 8th magnitude star [mag 7.7 HD 208277]." He notified Dreyer directly, so no discovery announcement was published before the IC was published. His position is 4.3' too far northwest, but shares the same offset with IC 5144.
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21 53 24 +47 16; Cyg
Size 12'x12'
17.5" (8/8/91): at 82x using an H-Beta filter, the Cocoon Nebula appears fairly bright, very large, about 10' diameter. Surrounds six stars including mag 9.7 BD+46 3474 at the center and similar BD+46 3475 at the south edge. Has an irregular round shape with a very uneven surface brightness with dark mottling and brighter regions. The nebula is quite prominent using an H-Beta filter, which gives an excellent contrast gain (higher than OIII). The nebulous glow is superimposed on a scattered star group and is situated at the east end of long dark lane = B168 which extends 1° WNW! (excellent in binoculars). There is a distinctive edge to the Milky Way on the north edge of lane.
8" (8/12/83, Mt. Hamilton): about 20 stars over a very faint "milky" region, fairly large, just slightly higher contrast than Milky Way background. A short arc of stars is off the west edge. A long starless dark lane extends west. Two bright stars oriented N-S are just east.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5146 = Cocoon Nebula on a photograph
taken 11 Oct 1893 using the 6" Willard lens at Lick Observatory. Max Wolf also photographed the field on
28 Jul 1894 with the 6-inch camera at Königstuhl. Wolf announced his discovery with a photograph taken on 10
Jul 1904 and discussed the dark lane (
Mary Clerke, who was in correspondence with Wolf at the time, includes Wolf's 1904 photograph (plate XX) in her second edition (1905) of "The System of the Stars". She labeled the photograph "The Cocoon Nebula in Cygnus" and writes (p. 352) "The depicted nebula, which had been discovered ten years previously, is about 10' in diameter, of a round shape, and a complex structure. "It is placed centrally," Dr. Wolf writes, "in a very fine lacuna void of faint stars, which surrounds the luminous cloud like a trench." Moreover, this negative "halo forms the end of a long channel, running eastward from the western nebulous clouds and their lucanae, to a length of more the two degrees." The coexistence in the same sidereal district of nebulae and stars could not well be asserted with stronger emphasis than by clearly of a dark fosse for the accommodation of the cocoon-like object in Plate XX." I tracked down the nickname after a discussion on AMASTRO in August 2015.
The Reverend Thomas Espin discovered the nebula visually on 13 Aug 1899 and described object #6 in AN [3633] 152, 141 as a "large, faint glow about 8', well seen each night [2]." Espin and Wolf is credited with the discovery in the IC.
Dave Riddle notes that
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21 59 35.1 -39 23 08; Gru
V = 11.0; Size 120"
48" (10/23/14): beautiful, large annular planetary at 375x, round, roughly 2' diameter, with a relatively thick annulus and a 30" central dark hole. Contains an obvious central star, which seemed quite easy for mag 16.3-16.5. The annulus appeared mottled and irregular in brightness. A 60° arc along the NW portion of the annulus is slightly brighter and a 90° arc from SE to NE is much brighter and a little thicker. A mag 10.5 star is off the SSW side (1.9' from center), but no superimposed stars were seen.
18" (8/30/08): viewed from Lake Sonoma at a very low elevation, though in a dark portion of the southern sky. Beautiful view at 115x using an OIII filter as a 2' annular ring with a relatively thick rim and 30" central hole. A mag 10.5 star is close off the SSW side (1.8' from the center).
18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x and UHC filter, this beautiful planetary appears as a large round ring, nearly 2' diameter, with a bright, thick annulus that is irregularly lit. The rim is slightly brighter and thicker along the SE side and also appeared slightly enhanced on the NW side. The central hole appears 25"-30" diameter and is dark except for a central star that was intermittently visible with averted vision at 228x unfiltered, although the catalogued magnitude is 16.5! Good contrast enhancement with a UHC filter. A mag 10.5 is off the SSW side, 1.8' from the center.
17.5" (10/30/99): Even at -39° declination, this moderately large planetary is a beautiful annular ring at 100x with an OIII filter. Appears round, ~100" diameter, the annulus has an irregular surface brightness. The central "hole" is perhaps 25" in diameter and fairly dark. A mag 10.5 star is close off the SSW edge.
17.5" (8/20/88): perfect annular 2' ring visible at 82x using an OIII filter. A mag 10.5 star is just off the SSW edge 1.8' from the center. The ring-shape is clearly visible with direct vision.
17.5" (7/22/87): beautiful ring at 140x with an OIII filter. Appears fairly large, fairly bright with a mag 11 star off the S edge.
13.1" (8/17/85): fairly faint with OIII at 79x, fairly large. Appears clearly annular with averted vision. The central hole is possibly elongated N-S. A mag 11 star is off the S edge.
Lewis Swift found IC 5148 = Sw. 12-29 on 23 Jul 1897 on Echo Mountain in Southern California. He described it as "vF, L, lE, 2 B st point to it, nearest in contact." Swift's position was 30 seconds of RA too small.
This relatively bright PN was discovered previously by the
prominent Australian amateur Walter Gale on 4 Jun 1894 with the 8.5-inch
refractor at the Sydney Observatory.
Gale's discovery was announced in the Journal of the British Astronomical
Association and assigned
In the Jun 1986 Sky & Telescope, Dennis di Cicco described it as "... a real showpiece... With 280X and a UHC-filter, the 24" in Hawaii showed IC 5148 to be an exquisite giant ring, irregular with a dark centre and a 15.5 central star. Steve Gottieb of Berkeley California, observed it with a 13"-reflector and an O-III filter. He could view the nebula with direct vision and detect the dark centre with averted vision."
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21 58 59.0 -27 24 50; PsA
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 33°
24" (9/6/18): fairly faint, elongated ~5:2 SW-NE,
~50"x20". Contains a
bright, round core. The galaxy is nearly colllinear with a mag 11.4 star 2.2'
NW and a mag 13 star is 3.7' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5149 = Sw. 12-30 on 8 Sep 1897 and reported "eF, S, R, 6 1/2 mag * same parallel follows 63s." His position is 4' too far northwest but his comment of a bright star 63 seconds of RA to the east clinches the identification. I'm surprised he missed ESO 466-024, which was in his same eyepiece field.
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IC 5150 = IC 5148 = PK 2-52.1 = ESO 344-5 = PN G002.7-52.4 = Spare Tyre Nebula
21 59 35.1 -39 23 08; Gru
V = 11.0; Size 120"
48" (10/23/14): beautiful, large annular planetary at 375x, round, roughly 2' diameter, with a relatively thick annulus and a 30" central dark hole. Contains a very easy central star, which seemed brighter than mag 16.5. The annulus was mottled and irregular in brightness. A 60° arc along the NW portion of the annulus was slightly brighter and a 90° arc from SE to NE was much brighter and a little thicker. A mag 10.5 star is off the SSW side (1.9' from center), but there are no superimposed stars.
18" (8/30/08): viewed from Lake Sonoma at a very low elevation, though in a dark portion of the southern sky. Beautiful view at 115x using an OIII filter as a 2' annular ring with a relatively thick rim and 30" central hole. A mag 10.5 star is close off the SSW side (1.8' from the center).
18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x and UHC filter, this beautiful planetary appears as a large round ring, nearly 2' diameter, with a bright, thick annulus that is irregularly lit. The rim is slightly brighter and thicker along the SE side and also appeared slightly enhanced on the NW side. The central hole appears 25"-30" diameter and is dark except for a central star that was intermittently visible with averted vision at 228x unfiltered, although it is listed with a magnitude of 16.5! Good contrast enhancement with a UHC filter. A mag 10.5 is off the SSW side, 1.8' from the center.
17.5" (10/30/99): Even at -39° declination, this moderately large planetary is a beautiful annular ring at 100x with an OIII filter. Appears round, ~100" diameter, the annulus has an irregular surface brightness. The central "hole" is perhaps 25" in diameter and fairly dark. A mag 10.5 star is close off the SSW edge.
17.5" (8/20/88): perfect annular 2' ring visible at 82x using an OIII filter. A mag 10.5 star is just off the SSW edge 1.8' from the center. The ring-shape is clearly visible with direct vision.
17.5" (7/22/87): beautiful ring at 140x with an OIII filter. Appears fairly large, fairly bright with a mag 11 star off the south edge.
13.1" (8/17/85): fairly faint with OIII at 79x, fairly large. Appears clearly annular with averted vision. The central hole is possibly elongated N-S. A mag 11 star is off the south edge. Similar view on 7/20/85.
Walter Gale, a prominent Australian amateur from Sydney, discovered IC 5150 on 4 Jun 1894 with his 8.5-inch With reflector at Paddington. The discovery was reported in the Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Vol VI, No. 5 (p 218) in 1895. He described it as just visible in a 6-inch reflector and a 5-inch refractor. Using his new 10-inch reflector, he carefully estimated the size as 45"x35" N-S, with the central vacancy less than half the diameter and not entirely dark. He also commented it was remarkable that such a relatively bright object was overlooked by John Herschel. Gale notified Pietro Baracchi, who observed it with the 48-inch Great Melbourne Telescope and called it "...ring nebula, almost circular, 1.5' +/- in diameter; the center is not completely free of nebulosity."
Lewis Swift independently found this planetary on 23 July 1897 on Echo Mountain in southern California and recorded Sw. 12-29 (later IC 5148) as "vF, L, lE, 2 B st point to it, nearest in contact." Swift's position was 30 seconds of RA too small. By priority, the proper designation should be IC 5150 (from Gale), although it is generally known as IC 5148 or IC 5148-50.
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22 02 41.9 -51 17 44; Ind
V = 10.6; Size 5.2'x3.2'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 100°
11" (8/8/04 - Haleakala Crater): at 127x appeared
moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 ~E-W, roughly 2.5'x1.3', broad
weak concentration to a slightly brighter core. A 7.7-magnitude star (
18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this nearby Irregular galaxy (probably just outside the Local Group) was viewed at 171x and 228x. It appeared bright, large, elongated 2:1 ~WNW-ESE, ~3'x1.5'. A mag 7.9 star (HD 209142) is perched on the NW end and detracts from viewing. It's very surprising that John Herschel missed this galaxy as it is quite large and relatively prominent. Gradually concentrated to a brighter 45" core.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5152 = DS 732 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, cL, considerably elongated at 150°, considerably brighter middle." This galaxy is often listed as a Local Group member though is likely outside the Local Group.
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22 03 14.9 -33 50 18; PsA
V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 175°
18" (7/21/04): fairly faint to moderately bright,
moderately large, elongated 5:2 N-S, 1.4'x0.5', brighter core and fairly easy
stellar nucleus. A wide pair of
mag 12/13 stars lies 7'-8' E.
Forms a pair with
13.1" (10/20/84): faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, weakly concentrated.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5156 = Sw. 12-32 on 16 Oct 1897 and reported "pF, pS, R, in vacancy." His position is just 2' too far north, unusually accurate for his last summer of observing at age 77.
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22 03 27.0 -34 56 31; PsA
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5" (9/23/95): fairly faint but surprisingly bright for an IC galaxy at a fairly low elevation. Appears round, 1.2' diameter, even concentration to a small bright core and occasional stellar nucleus. Precedes a line (5' length) of three equally spaced mag 12-13 stars with the closest 2.6' NE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5157 = Sw. 12-31 = D.S. 735 on 26 Jul 1897 and reported "pB, pS; R; 3 st in line nr nf." His RA was 30 seconds too small, but the identification is certain based on his description of the 3 stars. DeLisle Stewart also found it on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in 1899 and measured a more accurate position (used in the IC2).
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22 03 04.8 +10 55 29; Peg
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 21°
18" (8/8/10): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated
~N-S, ~27"x20". Exhibits
a weak, even concentration to the center but no core or zones. Located 16' E of mag 6.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5160 = J. 3-1412 on 15 Oct
1903 and measured an accurate position.
UGC reverses the declinations of IC 5160 and NGC 7190. NED comments that "often
incorrectly called NGC 7190; that is
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22 09 16.3 -27 43 50; PsA
V = 14.8; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 168°
24" (8/1/19): at 260x; faint, moderately large,
extremely thin edge-on, nearly 10:1 NNW-SSE, ~0.9'x0.1', can hold steadily with
averted. Forms an equilateral
triangle with two mag 14.5/14.8 stars 1.7' NE and ESE. Located 5' NNE of
ESO 467-011, located 5.6' SW of NGC 7214, was a threshold object and popped a couple of times at 220x as a thin edge-on, ~5:1 NW-SE.
18" (9/3/05): extremely faint, small, thin edge-on streak NNW-SSE, 0.4'x0.1'. Only visible when the seeing settled down.
17.5" (10/13/90): extremely faint, small, edge-on NNW-SSE, can just hold steadily with averted. Located 5.1' NNE of NGC 7214 in HCG 91.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5168 = Sw. 11-211 on 31 Aug 1897
and reported in his 11th discovery list, "eeF; vS; vE; [right] Δ with 2 F
st." In his earlier third
discovery list from Lowe, he also noted the 2 faint stars were near
south-following. His position
falls near the southeast tip of ESO 467-011, a faint edge-on, which all sources
(ESO, MCG, PGC, NED, HyperLEDA, SIMBAD) take as IC 5168 based on the very good
positional match. But there aren't
two faint stars close southeast matching his description or in any other
direction that he likely would have seen.
Instead, in Aug 2019 I proposed to Harold Corwin that
ESO 467-011 was found on a plate taken between 1914-1916 with the 30" Reynolds reflector at the Helwan Observatory. It was reported as #242 in a list of 256 new nebulae published in 1921 and described as "pF, 1' long, spindle, mE 170°, little brighter in the middle."
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22 10 10.0 -36 05 19; PsA
V = 12.7; Size 1.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 22°
24" (9/7/18): fairly faint, fairly large, very
elongated 4:1 SSW-NNE, lens shaped, 1.2'x0.3', contains a brighter bulging core
(Seyfert 2 galaxy). Mag 8.8 HD
210321 is 7' NNE and mag 7.4
Deslisle Stewart discovered IC 5169 = D.S. 737 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He described it as "eF, eS, stell N, spir or oval".
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22 10 56.7 -46 04 53; Gru
V = 12.6; Size 3.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 158°
30" (10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly bright, fairly
large, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 2.0'x0.4'.
The northwest end of the galaxy seems fainter than the southeast, or
perhaps the dimmer outer portion extends further. A mag 12.3 star is 2' SE and two additional mag 12.5 and
13.5 stars are 4' and 5' SE, respectively.
Joseph Lunt discovered IC 5171 visually in 1900 while searching for Brorsen's Comet with the 18-inch f/15 Grubb refractor of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. His RA is nearly 30 seconds too large, but the identification is certain.
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22 12 48.2 -38 07 39; Gru
V = 13.6; Size 1.4'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 94°
24" (10/1/16): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 E-W,
24"x12", contains a very small brighter nucleus. A mag 10.4 star is 50" SW. Forms an interacting pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5175 = DS 739, along with IC 5174, on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "eF, eS, R, bM."
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22 14 52.9 -66 51 28; Tuc
V = 12.5; Size 4.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 29°
25" (10/10/15 - OzSky): at 318x; excellent narrow edge-on ~10:1 SSW-NNE! Contains a large, bright, very elongated core that bulges very slightly near the center. The extensions taper near the tips, reaching a size of ~2.5'x0.25'.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5176 = DS 741 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "vF, S, extremely elongated at 30°, * n[orth]." The position angle is erroneously stated as 151° (supplement of 29°) in the PGC and RC3.
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22 12 33.4 -22 57 15; Aqr
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 90°
24" (10/2/21): at 260x and 375x; between faint and
fairly faint, diffuse, ~0.6' diameter (slightly larger than
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5178 on 20 Oct 1897 with the 20" Clark refractor in Denver. He noted that it followed NGC 7220 by 63 seconds of time.
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22 16 09.1 -36 50 37; Gru
V = 11.8; Size 2.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 57°
17.5" (9/23/95): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 2.0'x1.0', broad concentration to a large brighter core. Unusually bright for an IC galaxy. Forms the north vertex of a triangle with a mag 10 star 4.6' SW and a mag 11 star 5.8' SSE.
Lewis Swift found IC 5179 = Sw. 12-33 on 26 Jul 1897 and
reported "vF, L, R, * close S, B * sp". There is nothing at his position but 3 minutes of time
further east is
This galaxy was correctly identified in the Helwan Observatory Bulletin for 1935, despite the very poor position, and described as "1.5'x0.5', E 65°, spiral of the "S" type, with pF central region 1'x 0.25', lE 40°, no nucleus, very little absorption and condensation on the preceding side."
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22 11 12.0 +38 55 37; Lac
V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5" (7/30/92): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1
~N-S, gradually increases to a very small bright core, stellar nucleus. Located in a rich star field. Brighter of a pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5180 = Big. 345 on 21 Sep 1890. His position is accurate. MCG doesn't label +06-48-012 as IC 5180.
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IC 5181 = ESO 289-001 = LGG 455-001 = PGC 68317
22 13 21.7 -46 01 03; Gru
V = 11.5; Size 2.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 74°
30" (10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; very bright, large,
very elongated 4:1 WSW-ENE, 2.0'x0.5', narrow lens shape, sharply concentrated
with a small, intense core. NGC
7232A lies 8.2' NNE and IC 5171 is 25' WSW. IC 5181 is a member of the
13.1" (8/11/85 and 8/18/85): at 166x; moderately
bright, elongated spiral with bulging brighter core and fainter extensions
SW-NE. Located 14' SSW of mag 7.6
Joseph Lunt discovered IC 5181 visually around 1900, during
a search for Brorsen's Comet with the 18-inch f/15 Grubb refractor at the Royal
Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope.
IC 5181 is generally attached to
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IC 5183 = IC 5179 = IC 5184 = ESO 405-005 = MCG -06-48-031 = PGC 68455
22 16 09.1 -36 50 37; Gru
V = 11.8; Size 2.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 57°
See observing notes for
See IC 5179.
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IC 5184 = IC 5179 = IC 5183 = ESO 405-005 = MCG -06-48-031 = PGC 68455
22 16 09.1 -36 50 37; Gru
V = 11.8; Size 2.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 57°
See observing notes for NGC 5179.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5184 = Sw. 12-35 on 19 Jul 1897
and recorded "pF, pS, lE, bet 2 st in meridian, 8 1/2m star sp, np of 2
[with
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IC 5186 = ESO 405-007 = MCG -06-49-001 = PGC 68548
22 18 46.5 -36 48 06; Gru
V = 11.9; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 112°
17.5" (7/20/96): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, broad concentration. Located 1.7' E of a mag 12 star (appeared mag 13). The outer halo (not seen) changes orientation of the major axis.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5186 = Sw. 12-36 on 19 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeF, S, R, F * nr p[receding], 8m * np, sf of 2 [with IC 5184]." His position is a close match with IC 5179 = IC 5183 = IC 5184, but his description doesn't match the surrounding star field. ESO 405-007 is 2.5 minutes of RA east and 2.5' north of Swift's position but a much better fit in description. Swift's positions were generally very poor in his last two lists, so the large discrepancy in RA is not unusual. DeLisle Stewart is also credited in the IC, but he picked up IC 5179 on a Harvard plate taken at Arequipa in 1899.
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IC 5191 = UGC 11963 = MCG +06-48-021 = CGCG 513-020 = WBL 679-001 = PGC 68399
22 15 02.5 +37 18 01; Lac
Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 67°
24" (8/13/15): first in the NGC 7242 group. At 375x appeared fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated up to 5:1 WSW-ENE, ~30"x6". Located 7.4' due west of NGC 7242 in a rich star field with a mag 11.5 star 1.6' ENE.
17.5" (7/15/93): first of 7 in the NGC 7242 group. Very faint, small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE. Located near the intersection of two collinear rays of stars. A mag 11 star is 1.7' NE at the intersection point. Located 7.4' W of NGC 7242.
17.5" (7/28/92): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE. A mag 11 star is 1.5' NE. First in the NGC 7242 group and second brightest in a group with NGC 7240 3.5' ESE, IC 1441 3' E and NGC 7242 7' E.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5191, along with IC 5192 and IC
5193, on 5 Dec 1888 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. His very accurate discovery sketch
(reproduced from his notebook in AN #4136) matches
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IC 5192 = MCG +06-48-022 = PGC 68407
22 15 14.5 +37 16 18; Lac
Size 0.4'x0.2'
17.5" (7/15/93): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated. Second of seven in the NGC 7242 group and first of three in a close trio with NGC 7240 1.5' ENE and IC 1441 1.5' NNE. IC 5191 lies 2.8' NW. Photographs reveal three very faint stars are superimposed and these may have confused the observation or contributed to the observed glow.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5192, along with IC 5191 and
5193, on 5 Dec 1888 using the Lick 12-inch refractor. His field sketch matches
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22 15 43.6 +37 14 35; Lac
Size 0.3'x0.3'
17.5" (7/15/93): last of seven in the NGC 7242 group. Extremely faint and small, round. Forms the SE vertex of a small parallelogram with three mag 13 stars just preceding (sides are 1.3' by 0.8'). Located 3.4' SSE of NGC 7242.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5193, along with IC 5191 and
5192, on 5 Dec 1888. His field
sketch matches
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22 15 41.6 +37 18 10; Lac
Size 0.15'x0.15'
17.5" (7/15/93): appears as a mag 16 "star" superimposed at the northeast edge of NGC 7242. Visible with averted vision less than one-quarter of the time. I could not clearly distinguish if this object appeared nonstellar. Dreyer's IC description "0.5' S of 7242" is incorrect.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5195 = Big. 449 on 16 Oct 1895. Bigourdan placed this object "toward PA = 45 deg [northeast], d = 0.5' with respect to NGC 7242". Dreyer mistakenly copied this into the IC description as "0.5' s[outh] of 7242". This is a remarkably faint galaxy to be discovered with a 12-inch scope. Malcolm Thomson notes that he could not decide if this object was nonstellar on the POSS and I couldn't decide it was non-stellar in my single 17.5" observation. Nevertheless, Bigourdan's offset does land on this galaxy.
Karl Reinmuth’s 1926 photographic survey “Die
Herschel-Nebel” has a rather detailed description of NGC 7242 with the comment
“eeeF small nebula north-following 0’.5, no nebula 0.5’ south of NGC 7242, IC
5195 ssf 3’.5.” So, Reinmuth
correctly noted the IC description was in error and mentions a nebula 0.5’ NE
where Bigourdan originally placed it, but misidentifies IC 5193 as IC 5195. CGCG identifies NGC 7242 as a double
system but doesn't list the companion as IC 5195. Also, the UGC note to
SIMBAD and HyperLEDA have no listing for IC 5195 and they misidentify PGC 68435 as a dim double star 1.7' NE of NGC 7242. NED correctly identifies IC 5195 = IV Zw 90 = PGC 68435 with the primary designation "NGC 7242 NED02". See Corwin's notes for more.
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22 20 57.4 -46 02 09; Gru
V = 10.6; Size 8.5'x3.9'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 33°
25" (10/21/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, very large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, ~7.5'x3'. Strongly concentrated with a large elongated bar oriented SSW-NNE (over 1' in length) within a brighter core. The bar dominates a much fainter diffuse outer halo of low surface brightness. Still, there was a suggestion of spiral structure in the outer halo on the SSW and NNE ends.
A giant HII complex/OB association stood out on the SW side of the halo [1.5' SSW of center] as a small knot. It appeared fairly faint, roundish, 12"-15" diameter, stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus.
Located 19' WSW of mag 6.4 Pi-1 and 23' WSW of mag 5.6 mag Pi-2 Gruis. The pair is a nice binocular double at a wide 4' separation. Pi-1 is a red giant transitioning into a carbon star and a very unequal double star (mag 6.5/10.7 at 2.8").
Joseph Lunt discovered IC 5201 visually in 1900 during a search for Brorsen's Comet. He was observing with the 18-inch Grubb refractor of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. Lunt's position was 22 seconds of RA too large and 2' too far south.
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22 30 59.9 -14 00 13; Aqr
V = 12.8; Size 2.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 160°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5204 = Sw. 11-212 on 8 Aug 1896 and
reported "vF, eE, a ray, p[receding] of 2." There is nothing near his position, but Harold Corwin
suggests this number is probably a duplicate of NGC 7300. Swift's "f[ollowing] of 2" is
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22 22 31.1 -18 52 11; Aqr
V = 13.0; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 1.0'
diameter. With direct vision a
stellar nucleus is easily visible. Located 2.3' NNE of a mag 11 star. Forms a pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5210 = Sw. 11-214, along with IC
5211, on 8 Aug 1896 while searching for Comet 1889 V (Brooks). His description for XI-214 reads
"eF; S; near n[orth] of f[ollowing] * of 7 in line p and f; p of 2.",
which is a perfect match with
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IC 5211 = ESO 602-014 = MCG -03-57-005 = PGC 68695
22 22 43.0 -18 52 49; Aqr
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 161°
17.5" (8/6/97): faint, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.6', weak concentration. Forms a pair with IC 5210 2.9' WNW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5211 = Sw. 11-213, along with IC 5210, on 8 Aug 1896 while searching for Comet 1889 V (Brooks). He recorded ""eeeF; vS; R; f[ollows] below star 15 seconds l s [?]; f of 2." Although his description is valid (except for the cryptic abbreviation) his position is 15 seconds of RA west of IC 5210, instead of east. Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99 that was used in the IC 2, though I've followed Swift's descriptions in assigning #213 to IC 5211.
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22 23 55.7 +50 58 01; Lac
V = 11.3; Size 8"x6"
8" (9/22/22): fairly easy to identify at 95x in a very rich star field just 2' N of a 10th mag star and 7' SE of a 7'-long gently curving string of 10-12th mag stars. A mag 7.4 star is 4' N of the northern tip of this string. Blinks strongly with a NPB filter in comparison to the nearby mag 10 star. Appears as a slightly fuzzy pale blue "star" at 175x and definitely non-stellar at 225x and 275x.
14.5" (7/27/22): identified at just 66x as a bluish "star" (slightly soft appearance) with an excellent contrast gain blinking with a NPB filter. An ideal 10th mag comparison star is just 1.8' S -- it's brighter than IC 5217 unfiltered, but fainter filtered. Definitely non-stellar increasing to 122x and 158x. At 660x, the small planetary was elongated 4:3 or 3:2 ~N-S, 6"-8" in diameter.
24" (8/8/21): immediately noticed at 200x appears as a fairly bright soft blue (non-stellar) glow. Excellent contrast gain with a UHC filter. At 260x, seen as a small, high surface brightness blue disk in a pretty star field. At 500x, IC 5217 seemed slightly elongated N-S and it was clearly extended ~8"x5" N-S at 750x and 1000x. The central star was not seen. A striking chain of ~10 stars mag 10-12 extending 7' SSW-NNE lies ~8' NW. The brightest star is at the south end of the chain.
18" (7/2/08): picked up easily at 174x as a "soft" mag 11.5 with a pale blue color. Good contrast gain blinking with an OIII filter. A brighter mag 10 comparison star lies 1.8' S but blinking with the filter the planetary switches apparent brightness with this star. At 435x, IC 5217 appeared as a 7"x5" blue disc, slightly elongated SSW-NNE. With direct vision, a slightly brighter quasi-stellar center was visible suggesting the central star was just below the threshold of visibility.
18" (12/08/07): picked up at 115x as a soft blue-grey "star". Good contrast gain using a NPB filter. Without a filter, a brighter mag 10 star lies to the south though with the filter the planetary matches the star. At 225x a definite small disc was visible, crisp-edged, round, ~6" diameter. The seeing was too soft to use high power.
13.1" (10/10/86): at 166x appears fairly bright but just non-stellar. Good contrast gain with OIII filter. A bright compact bluish disc is visible at 214x, slightly elongated. Estimate V = 11.5 and 5" diameter. Located 1.3° due south of mag 4.4 Beta Lac.
8" (11/5/82): stellar planetary at 100x, slightly fuzzy at 220x and an easy ellipse is visible at 400x.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 5217 = Fleming 102 in 1904 (plate taken on Dec. 18, 1903) based on its emission spectrum. The remarks in Harvard Circular 76 notes "the spectrum of this faint gaseous nebula is superposed on that of +50°3007, magnitude 9.4, which is of Class A." Several visual observations were made by Thomas Espin in 1911 with his 17.25-inch Calver reflector and he estimated the size from 2.5" to 4" in diameter and "apparently elongated N and S."
Based on Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported "no central star can be distinguished. A bright oval about 7.5"x6" in a 5 min exposure; slightly larger and quite "square-shouldered" in the long exposure. Brighter along the middle, but no details of structure can be made out."
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22 32 08.1 -25 23 52; PsA
V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 47°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5225 = Sw. 12-38 on 6 Oct 1897 and
reported, "eeF; pS; R; betw 2 stars; a dozen stars in margin of field
following, form semicircle, 4 st np a curve, one D, sp of 2 [should be np of 2,
with
Harold Corwin notes that "ESO suggested that I5225
might be
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IC 5226 = ESO 533-045 = MCG -04-53-010 = PGC 69097
22 32 30.2 -25 39 43; PsA
V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 36°
24" (7/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated, 1.2'x1.0', sharply concentrated with a very small brighter nucleus, low surface brightness halo. With careful viewing the core extended into a bar, elongated 2:1 SW-NE. A mag 14.3 star is at the northeast edge. NGC 7294 lies 16.6' NNW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5226 = Sw. 12-39 on 6 Oct 1897 and
reported, "eeeF, pL, R, no * nr, trapezium, nf of 2 [with IC 5225 = NGC
7294]. There is nothing at his
position, but his RA for IC 5225 was 36 seconds of time too small (not an
unusual error at the end of his career at age 77). It's reasonable to assume a similar offset for IC 5226,
though there is nothing near this offset position. But Harold Corwin found that if Swift made another error of
exactly 1° in declination (too far north), this corrected position matches ESO
533-045. Furthermore, the nearest
star is about 4' away ("no * nr") and there are 4 stars to the
southeast (including two 9th magnitude) matching his comment
"trapezium". ESO, MCG
and PGC don't assign IC 5226 to
ESO 533-045 was discovered again on a plate taken between 1914-1916 with the 30" Reynolds reflector at the Helwan Observatory. It was reported as #248 in a list of 256 new nebulae published in 1921 and described as "F, pS, star surr. by atmosphere, another star 12 mag follows 40", edge of plate."
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IC 5228 = NGC 7302 = MCG -02-57-013 = PGC 69094
22 32 23.8 -14 07 14; Aqr
V = 12.3; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 97°
See observing notes for NGC 7302.
Lewis Swift found IC 5228 = Sw. 11-215 on 8 Aug 1896 and reported "pB; pS; R; B * nr s; f of 2 [with IC 5204 = NGC 7300]." His position was just 2' west of NGC 7302 and the description fits, so the equivalence IC 5228 = NGC 7302 is certain. See IC 5204 for more as well as Corwin's comments.
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22 34 00.7 +23 20 19; Peg
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
18" (9/26/11): faint to fairly faint, small,
irregularly round, 20" diameter.
Has a relatively high surface brightness with a very small brighter
nucleus. Located 0.9° SW of NGC
7332/7339, a distinctive pair of edge-on galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5231 = J. 3-1418 on 9 Oct 1895. His micrometric position is accurate.
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22 41 25.5 -66 34 49; Tuc
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 83°
30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; very faint, very
small, round, 15" diameter.
Nearly attached to a mag 15.5-16 star at its west edge. A mag 9.7 star lies 2' WNW. Forms a pair with brighter
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5235 = DS 761, along with IC 5236, on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eeF, bM."
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IC 5236 = ESO 109-014 = PGC 69503
22 41 30.1 -66 37 05; Tuc
Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 64°
30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.4'x0.3'. A mag 16.2 star is at the northwest edge. Brighter of a pair with IC 5235 2.3' NNW. Picked up 10.6' SE of NGC 7329.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5236 = DS 762, along with IC 5235, on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eF, eeS, considerably elongated at 60°, bM."
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22 42 18.1 -30 03 24; PsA
V = 12.3; Size 3.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5237 = Sw. 12-40 on 19 Jul 1897 and reported "eeeF; eeeS; eeeE; eee dif; a line. 8m * np." There is nothing at his position but 2.4 minutes of time further east is NGC 7361 and his description fits. Coincidentally, John Herschel's position was also 2 minutes of time too small. At age 77 Swift's positions were often very poor and he wasn't careful in checking prior discoveries, so the identification IC 5237 = NGC 7361 is nearly certain.
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22 31 07.2 -38 01 35; Gru
Size 1.2'x0.6'; PA = 54°
24" (9/7/18): at 225x; extremely faint, small, round, 18" diameter (core only seen). No other details were visible as I only glimpsed this galaxy with averted vision.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5239 = Sw. 11-216 on 7 Jul 1897 and wrote, "vF; pS; R." There is nothing anywhere near his position that he might have seen. The ESO and PGC label ESO 345-038 (an interacting pair) as IC 5239. Although this galaxy is only 2' from Swift's nominal position, Harold Corwin notes that this galaxy is much too faint to have been seen by Swift and I agree. He suggests that Swift made a 10 minute error in RA (too large) and that ESO 345-017 is IC 5239. Although a much better candidate, I feel this galaxy may still be too faint to have been noticed by Swift. Perhaps he picked up ESO 345-021, a brighter galaxy that is exactly 8 minutes of RA (west) from Swift's position.
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22 41 52.4 -44 46 02; Gru
V = 11.9; Size 2.8'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 100°
48" (11/4/21): at 375x; bright, fairly large, slightly elongated E-W, with a prominent central region that included an obvious bar oriented E-W. The halo weakly brightened surrounding the bar forming a subtle oval ring. Three mag 15 stars are very close or involved: one is barely off the S side [0.9' from center] and two more to the NW - one just outside the ring [0.8' NW] and one embedded in the ring [38" WNW].
Increasing to 610x improved the view with a higher contrast to the bar. The ring was brighter just south of the east end of the bar and slightly weaker on the north and south side. The outer halo had a very low surface brightness.
18" (11/14/09): fairly faint, fairly small, bright core
appears to contain a brightening or bar ~E-W, 1.0'x0.8'. Surrounding the core is a faint, small
halo. Located 32' SSW of mag 6.1
The "bar" feature was verified afterwards on the DSS, which is surprising as the galaxy was very low in the sky.
William Henry Finlay discovered IC 5240 on 26 Dec 1886 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch equatorial refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. Lewis Swift independently discovered the galaxy on 8 Aug 1897 and logged "pF; pL; R; faint star near sf." Finlay's discovery wasn't published until 1898 and he credited Swift in his table of nebulae (MNRAS 58, 329), though Dreyer listed Finlay first in the IC.
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22 41 15.2 +23 24 25; Peg
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.7'
18" (9/26/11): faint, fairly small, round, 0.4'. A mag
13.4 star is attached at the north end.
Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5242 = J. 3-1421, along with IC 5243, on 9 Nov 1896. His micrometric position is accurate.
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IC 5243 = UGC 12153 = MCG +04-53-011 = CGCG 474-021 = II Zw 185 = PGC 69495
22 41 24.6 +23 22 29; Peg
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
18" (9/26/11): faint, small, round, 20" diameter,
very small brighter nucleus. Although listed as 0.8 mag fainter than IC 5242 (2.8' NW), IC
5243 has a higher surface brightness but is slightly smaller. Located 2.2' NE of mag 9.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5243 = J. 3-1422, along with IC 5242, on 9 Nov 1896. His micrometric position is accurate.
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22 46 39.2 -64 53 55; Tuc
Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 151°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, moderately large, roundish, ~40" diameter. A mag 15.7 star is attached at the west
end. Situated within a group of
stars including an elongated group of 5 mag 12-13 stars to the north and east
and two mag 11 stars 7' WSW and SSW.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5246 = DS 765 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He simply noted "eF, eS."
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22 46 50.1 -65 16 26; Tuc
V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 124°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.2', broad weak concentration. A mag 14.5 star is 40" NE. Picked up 12' SE of NGC 7358 and 13' SSW of IC 5250, a prominent double system. Several other IC galaxies are in this group.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5247 = DS 766 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "vF, vS, vE at 125°, mbM."
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IC 5249 = ESO 109-021 = FGCE 1777 = RFGC 3998 = AM 2243-650 NED2 = PGC 69707
22 47 06.3 -64 49 55; Tuc
V = 13.7; Size 4.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 14°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, large, superthin galaxy! Stretches ~20:1 SSW-NNE, 3.0'x0.15', only a broad weak concentration towards the center with no distinct core or zones. A mag 15 star is very close to the northern tip [1.3' from center]. This is certainly one of the thinnest edge-on galaxies I have ever viewed. A 1' pair of mag 12.5 stars lies ~3' SW. IC 5249 is in a group with IC 5246 5' SW and IC 5250 (merged double) at 14' SSE.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5249 = DS 767 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eF, vS, eeE at 15°, very little brighter middle."
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IC 5250 = ESO 109-022 = AM 2244-651 = LGG 462-006 = PGC 69713 + 69714
22 47 20.4 -65 03 31; Tuc
V = 11.1; Size 3.0'x3.0'; Surf Br = 13.3
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; excellent merged pair
[centers separated by 33"] within a common halo! Both galaxies are bright, fairly small, high surface
brightness, and both contain very bright nonstellar nuclei. The merged system is elongated E-W with
the brighter galaxy (
James Dunlop discovered IC 5250 = D 255 = D.S. 768 on 5 Sep 1826 with his homemade 9-inch f/12 speculum reflector. He described a "small faint elliptical nebula in the parallel of the equator, about 25" long and 12" or 15" broad." His position is just 3' following this interacting pair of galaxies (similar in appearance to the Antennae). Interestingly, John Herschel discovered NGC 7358, which is just 11' SW, but apparently missed this galaxy, which is larger and brighter.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 5250 again on plates taken 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru, published a fairly accurate position and described "cB, S, R, F * f 0.5'." Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.
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22 51 31.6 +23 04 50; Peg
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x0.9'; PA = 104°
24" (9/23/22): relatively bright and very easily picked up at 200x, elongated 2:1 E-W, ~60"x30". Increasing to 325x, the core seems to extend at moments into a brighter major axis. A 40" pair of 11th mag stars is 8' SW, a mag 10 star is 5' S and a mag 8.7 star is 11' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5258 = J. 3-1425 on 26 Oct
1897. His position is 3.2' too far
south due to an error in the declination of his offset star (
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22 54 18.6 -39 18 54; Gru
V = 12.8; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 2°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5260 = Sw. 12-41 on 19 Jul 1897 and reported "eeF; pS; R; 9m star nr sp; ee dif." There is nothing at his position and it was reported as "not found" on photographs taken at the Helwan observatory in Egypt in 1919-20.
It's possible that IC 5260 refers to NGC 7421, which is 2.3 minutes of RA due east of Swift's position is NGC 7421 and it has a mag 10.9 star to the southwest. Alternatively, Harold Corwin suggests IC 5260 may be a reobservation of NGC 7404, though this galaxy is two degrees north and 0.3 minutes of RA east of Swfit's position. It has a mag 7.3 star 11' to its southwest. Either identification is fairly speculative.
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22 54 25.2 -20 21 46; Aqr
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 135°
17.5" (8/6/97): faint, moderately large, round, 1.5'
diameter. Located 5' ENE of mag 9
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5261 = Sw. 11-218 on 11 Sep 1896
and wrote "eeeF; pL; R; f[ollows] 9m * 22 seconds; ee dif." His position is 8 seconds of time east
and 1.5' south of
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22 55 21.3 -33 53 29; PsA
V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 142°
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
4:3 N-S, 0.9'x0.7'. A mag 12 star
lies 1.4' N and a mag 11 star 1.9' NE.
This is a double system with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5262 = Sw. 12-42 on 22 Aug 1897
and logged "eeeF, pS, R, bet a * p and a wide D nf, 8m * f, ee dif, np of
2." Although Swift calls this
off the "north-preceding of 2" there is no listing in his table to
the southeast of IC 5262 and Corwin suggests Swift may be referring to
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IC 5264 = ESO 406-029 = MCG -06-50-014 = PGC 70081
22 56 53.0 -36 33 15; Gru
V = 12.6; Size 2.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 82°
24" (8/1/19): moderately bright, relatively large, thin edge-on 6:1 WSW-ENE, brighter bulging core, thin extensions. Excellent contrast in galaxy types with IC 1459 6' NE.
18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 WSW-ENE, ~1.5'x0.3'. Located 6.5' SW of IC 1459 in the Grus Chain.
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly large, edge-on 6:1 WSW-ENE, nearly 3.0'x0.5' in size. Appears as a long thin streak of nearly uniform surface brightness and slightly tapering towards the tips. Forms the fainter member of a pair with IC 1459 6' NNE.
17.5" (7/22/87): faint, moderately large, thin edge-on 5:1 WSW-ENE. A mag 14 star is off the east tip. Located 6' SSW of brighter IC 1459.
8" (8/1/19): at 107x and 174x; very faint, moderately large, ghostly streak but not difficult.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5264 = Sw. 11-219 on 15 Dec 1889. He found this galaxy while measuring IC 1459 (discovered 2 nights earlier) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. Barnard wrote in his logbook, "a small faint neb'y about 4' S and 1' p this neb [IC 1459]. Small and elong in parallel nearly [~E-W]." No accurate offsets were measured, but this clearly applies to IC 5264. As this entry was not published or passed along to Dreyer, Barnard never received discovery credit.
Lewis Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 10 Jun 1896 and described Sw. 11-219 (later IC 5264) as "vF; S; eeE; a ray; sp of below st; sp of 2 [with IC 1459 = IC 5265]." His position is 0.2 min of RA too small and 3.5' too far south (same error in dec as IC 5265). Curiously, he gave the discovery date as 2 Sep 1896 in his first Lowe Observatory discovery list and 4 Sep 1897 in his third Lowe discovery list (he made a number of mistakes on discovery dates and of course positions during his last observing year). Ironically, Swift mentioned "I am glad I have at length found in Barnard's field a nebula his keen eye failed to see", though it turns out that wasn't the case!
Interestingly, earlier in March 1896 he wrote a short article in Popular Astronomy titled "The Lowe Observatory" and mentioned "Near some of Sir John Herschel’s southern nebulae I have discovered several overlooked by him, notably, one between [NGC 7418] and [NGC 7421], in field with the latter. It is very faint, very small, exceedingly elongated to a ray five times as long as broad. I am surprised at his failure to see it." There is nothing between these galaxies, but assuming he confused the identifications of the nearby galaxies his description may apply to IC 5264!
In a 1912 report on observations of nebulae made at the Helwan Observatory between 1909-1911, Harold Knox-Shaw reported - due to Swift's poor position - there was nothing at the position for IC 5264 on photos taken with the 30" reflector and reported it as new (possibly equivalent to IC 5264).
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IC 5265 = IC 1459 = ESO 406-030 = MCG -06-50-016 = PGC 70090
22 57 10.5 -36 27 45; Gru
V = 10.0; Size 5.2'x3.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 40°
See observing notes for IC 1459
Lewis Swift found IC 5265 = Sw. 11-220 on 16 Jun 1896 and reported "B, cL, R, betw 2 stars p and f; nf of 2 [with IC 5264]. There is nothing at his position but 25 seconds of RA west and 4' N is IC 1459 and the description matches. Swift mentioned his object "may possibly be = no. 1459 in Dreyer's Index Catalogue" in a footnote to his discovery list at Lowe Observatory. The date of his observation is unclear; the big 11th list gives 16 Jun 1896 but his first discovery at Lowe (in AJ) gives 2 Sep 1896. Corwin notes that Dreyer questioned if IC 5265 might be identical to NGC 7418, but it's not.
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22 58 20.8 -65 07 47; Tuc
V = 13.8; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 33°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, fairly large, edge-on 6:1 SSW-NNE, 1.4'x0.25', weak
concentration with a bulging core.
In a group with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5266 = DS 773 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, cE, stell N."
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22 57 13.6 -43 23 46; Gru
V = 10.5; Size 5.2'x3.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 140°
18" (11/14/09): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated
4:3 or 3:2 NNW-SSE. Contains a
relatively large, 1' bright core that gradually increases to a faint stellar
nucleus. A much fainter halo fades
gradually into the background, but appears to extend along the major axis for
roughly 2.5'x1.7'.
William Henry Finlay discovered IC 5267 on 26 Dec 1886 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. Lewis Swift independently discovered the galaxy on 23 Sep 1897 and logged "pB; S; R; much brighter middle." His position was 3.5' too far south, but accurate in RA. Finlay's discovery (with no description) wasn't published until 1898 and he credited Swift in the table of nebulae (MNRAS 58, 329). Dreyer gave Finlay primary credit in the IC.
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IC 5269 = ESO 406-032 = MCG -06-50-017 = LGG 465-003 = PGC 70110
22 57 43.6 -36 01 34; PsA
V = 12.2; Size 1.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 51°
18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 40"x20", weak concentration. IC 5270 at the north end of the Grus Chain lies 10.5' NNE.
13.1" (10/20/84): faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, brighter center. Forms a pair with IC 5270 11' NNE and IC 1459 lies 26' SSW.
13.1" (7/20/85): fairly small, elongated SW-NE, brighter center.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5269 = Sw. 11-222 on 10 Sep 1896
and reported "vF; pS; R; np of 2 [with IC 5270]." His position is 10 seconds of RA west
and 6' north of
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IC 5270 = ESO 406-033 = MCG -06-50-018 = PGC 70117
22 57 54.9 -35 51 29; PsA
V = 12.3; Size 3.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 103°
18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:1~ E-W, 1.2'x0.4'. This galaxy sits at the north end of the Grus Chain that extends ~1.5 degrees south to NGC 7421.
13.1" (7/20/85): faint, edge-on ~E-W, even surface brightness. Otherwise similar in size and brightness to IC 5269 11' SSW. The IC orientation for the pair is incorrect. This galaxy is the furthest north in a string of ~10 galaxies stretching south to IC 5273.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5270 = Sw. 11-223 on 12 Aug 1896 and recorded "vF; pS; vE; sf of 2 [with IC 5269]." His position is 14' too far south and IC 5270 is the north-following of 2. According to Swift's large AN table, he discovered nearby IC 5269 a month later, though the pair would have both been in his 33' field. Furthermore, the discovery date is given as 4 Sep 1897 in his earlier 3rd list of nebulae from Lowe Observatory. He probably added the comment "sf of 2" when preparing the table for publication. MCG reverses the identifications of IC 5269 and IC 5270, probably because Swift's position for IC 5269 is 10' north of IC 5270 .
E.E. Barnard probably made an earlier observation of IC 5270
and IC 5269 on 15 Dec 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He recorded in his logbook, "pL,
vF, extended, a small, faint __ (can't decipher word) 5' +/- S. A 6m star 22' N and 1'
following." There is nothing
at his position (in ink), but his declination is just 3' off from IC 5270 and
the galaxy 5' +/- south is probably IC 5269. The 6th mag star
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IC 5271 = ESO 406-034 = MCG -06-50-019 = PGC 70128
22 58 01.8 -33 44 32; PsA
V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 138°
17.5" (8/6/97): bright, large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE. Contains a large, bright bulging core. Seems nearly 3.0' in length and 1.0' across at the core, although this is a bit larger than the listed dimensions. Impressive for an IC galaxy!
13.1" (10/20/84): fairly faint, very elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, small bright nucleus, easy at 166x.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5271 = Sw. 12-43 on 22 Aug 1897 and reported "pF, pS, vE, bet 2 st." Swift's position is unusually accurate for such a late discovery. DeLisle Stewart recorded this galaxy on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, S, considerably elongated at 145°, * N, considerably brighter middle" and credited Swift with the discovery."
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IC 5272 = ESO 109-030 = AM 2257-661 = LGG 462-011 = PGC 70188
22 59 31.1 -65 11 37; Tuc
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 33°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, moderately large, roundish, ~40" diameter, weak concentration, hints of structure in the irregular halo. IC 5266 lies 8.3' NW and PGC 127682 is 10' WSW.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5272 = DS 774 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eF, vS, R."
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IC 5273 = ESO 346-022 = MCG -06-50-020 = PGC 70184
22 59 26.7 -37 42 10; Gru
V = 11.4; Size 2.7'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 56°
13.1" (10/20/84): moderately large, very diffuse, broad concentration, irregularly round or slightly elongated. Slightly brighter than NGC 7421 which lies 20' NW. Furthest southern member in the nearly 2° N-S string of 7 brighter galaxies (9 total) in Grus and Pisces Austrinus (Grus Chain)
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5273 = Sw. 11-224 on 12 Dec 1889, while searching for Brorsen's Comet (5D/Brorsen) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He recorded in his logbook, "R, 1' dia, 12th mag." His rough position (no offsets) was 7' too far south. Immediately afterwards he logged "fogged all over and the entire heavens blotted out." He found it again the next night, calling it "1' dia, R, gradually brighter in the middle, 12th mag." and added the comment "same as last night?". Lewis Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 12 Aug 1896 and recorded "vF, cL, lE, 2 wide D st near p." Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC as Barnard never published his discovery or informed Dreyer.
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23 03 18.0 +08 53 37; Peg
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 54°
17.5" (11/1/86): very faint, small, round, diffuse,
even surface brightness. Forms a
close pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5283 = Big. 348 = J. 3-1432 on 4 Sep 1891. Stephane Javelle independently discovered it on 16 Oct 1903 and measured a very accurate micrometric position.
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23 06 59.1 +22 56 10; Peg
V = 12.6; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 100°
13.1" (9/22/84): faint, very small, almost round,
slightly elongated ~E-W, possible faint stellar nucleus. A very faint mag 14.5 star is at the
west edge 23" from center.
Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5285 = J. 3-1434 on 16 Oct 1903 and measured an accurate micrometric position.
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23 11 17.0 -32 27 15; Scl
Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 35°
24" (9/6/18): at 375x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low surface brightness. A mag 14.7 star is 30" E. Located 23' WSW of mag 7.6 HD 219034 and 1.6° W of mag 4.4 Gamma Sculptoris.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5289 = Sw. 11-225 on 10 Sep 1896 and noted "a few eeeF st[ars] in neb[ulosity]." His position is 7' SW of an empty ring galaxy with apparently two interacting galaxies embedded on the north and south side of the ring!
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23 12 53.3 -23 28 09; Aqr
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 66°
18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.4', very weak concentration. Situated between two fainter doubles 5' NNE (a 15" pair of mag 13.5/14.5 stars) and 5' S (a 10" pair of mag 14 stars). Another mag 13 star lies 2' SE.
Johann Palisa discovered IC 5290 on 4 Oct 1896 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna University Observatory. He noted it was found in the place of Comet Spitaler, which he was apparently searching for.
Harold Corwin suggests that NGC 7520, discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1876 may be identical to IC 5290. There is nothing near his rough position (given only to the nearest min of time and noted as very uncertain "::"). This would require that Tempel's declination to be 20' too far south, though the RA is less than a minute off. Still this identification is very uncertain and PGC uses IC 5290 as the designation (HyperLeda gives IC 5290 as the primary and NGC 7520 as a secondary designation).
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23 16 11.0 -42 34 59; Gru
V = 10.6; Size 3.4'x2.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 1°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5294 = Sw. 11-226 on 22 Oct 1897 and reported "pB; pS; R; 8m * p." His position was just 9 seconds of RA west of NGC 7552 and his description of the brighter star clinches the equivalence.
Based on a 60-minute exposure taken with the 30" Reynolds reflector at the Helwan observatory in 1919-20, it was reported "No nebula here except NGC 7552"
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23 15 58.4 +25 01 31; Peg
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.6'
17.5" (9/23/89): very faint, very small, round, weak
concentration. Picked up 7' NE of
mag 8.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5297 = J. 3-1441 on 22 Nov 1899 and measured an accurate micrometric position.
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23 16 00.7 +25 33 24; Peg
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.3', fairly low surface brightness halo with very
small bright core and stellar nucleus.
Several bright stars are nearby mag 8.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5298 = J. 3-1442 on 23 Nov 1899
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IC 5304 = MCG -02-59-011 = PGC 71028
23 18 52.6 -10 15 34; Aqr
V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.9'; PA = 12°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, 40"x30", small bright core increases to a very small bright nucleus. Fairly similar in size and surface brightness to IC 1479 8.6' SSW. A 13th mag star is 1.6' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5304 = Sw. 12-44 on 26 Jul 1897
and recorded "extremely faint, S, round, 3 or 4 F st nr sp
[south-preceding]." There is
nothing at his position but 40 seconds of RA east and 2.3' N is
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IC 5305 = MCG +02-59-021 = CGCG 431-037 = WBL 706-002 = PGC 70987
23 18 06.2 +10 18 00; Peg
V = 14.3; Size 0.5'x0.35'
17.5" (11/18/95): faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. Located 3.8' NNE of a mag 11.5 star and 1.9' W of NGC 7594. Collinear with two mag 14 stars 45" SSW and 1.4' SSW. IC 5306 lies 3.4' SSE and IC 5307 5.5' SE.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 5305 = K. 2-38, along with IC 5306 and 5307, on 26 Oct 1897 using the 18" Merz refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. He identified this object as Kobold 21 (his 21st discovery) in his 1907 compilation of positions in Strasbourg Annales, Vol. 3, 1907.
In Aug 1880, Andrew Ainslie Common described NGC 7594 as "f[ollowing] 3 stars in a line 90 degrees pointing to another fainter nebula s(outh)." The northern of these "3 stars" appears to be IC 5305!
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IC 5306 = MCG +02-59-022 = CGCG 431-036 = WBL 706-001 = PGC 70992
23 18 11.3 +10 14 46; Peg
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 0°
17.5" (11/18/95): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness. Situated on a line with IC 5305 3.4' NNW and two mag 14 stars 2.0' NNW and 2.7' NNW. Located 2.0' E of a mag 11.5 star. A mag 15.5 star is less than 1' WSW. In a group with IC 5307 2.7' ESE. An extremely faint edge-on at the northwest edge (LEDA 1376799) was not seen
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 5306 = K. 2-39, along with IC
5305 and 5307, on 26 Oct 1897 and noted "vF, S." His position is within 1' of
Andrew Common possibly discovered this galaxy 17 years earlier. He remarked for NGC 7594 (#27 in his discovery list), "f[ollows] 3 stars in a line 90 degrees pointing to another fainter nebula s(outh)". The nebula to the south is IC 1478 and the northern "star" is probably IC 5305. But without a more specific location Dreyer didn't include the "fainter nebula south" in the NGC.
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23 18 22.1 +10 14 08; Peg
V = 14.8; Size 0.3'x0.25'
17.5" (11/18/95): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Faintest of four in NGC 7594 group and requires averted to glimpse. Located 2.7' ESE of IC 5306 and 4.3' SE of NGC 7594.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 5307 = K. 2-40, along with IC
5305 and 5306, on 26 Oct 1897. He
simply noted "vF, vS", but his position is accurate enough to clearly
match
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23 19 21.1 -42 15 25; Gru
V = 11.5; Size 4.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 57°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5308 = Sw. 11-227 on 8 Aug 1897 and reported
"eeF; S; cE; f of 7599."
There is no galaxy he might have picked up following NGC 7599, but
Harold Corwin suggests that Swift confused
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23 19 11.8 +08 06 33; Psc
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 23°
17.5" (9/14/85): faint, very elongated SSW-NNE. A mag 14 star is at the south edge
22" from the center. Located
7' NW of
13.1" (9/22/84): very faint, very small, elongated 5:2 ~N-S. Low surface brightness and requires averted vision. A faint star is off the south end. Similar size to NGC 7611 7' SE.
13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, diffuse, faint stellar nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5309 = J. 3-1445 on 23 Oct
1903 and recorded "Faint, elongated fan-shaped, a mag 14 almost in contact
to the south, ~30", no condensation." He reversed the sign of the polar distance offset from his
reference star, so the IC position is in error. Once corrected it's a perfect match with
Based on photographs taken between 1914-1916 with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector, Hubble described IC 5309 as "pF, mbB, E 0°, 50" x 30", *14m on south edge."
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23 22 00.9 -42 28 50; Gru
V = 12.1; Size 2.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 92°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5313 = Sw. 11-228 on 8 Aug 1897 and noted, "eeeF; pL; R; 10m * near sp." His RA was 14 seconds too small and the dec 1.7' too far south but the comment "10m * nr south-preceding" clinches the identity IC 5313 = NGC 7632. In his third discovery list from Lowe Observatory (in Popular Astronomy), he added "11m * f[ollows the 10m star].
Based on a photograph taken with the 30" reflector at the Helwan observatory, it was reported (1921): "No nebula here except NGC 7632"
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23 21 18.3 +25 23 07; Peg
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (10/12/20): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, sharp bright stellar nucleus surrounded by a small core ~12" diameter. The small halo has a very low surface brightness and extends roughly 20" diameter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5315 = J. 3-1448 on 23 Nov 1899. His description reads, "faint, 10" to 15" diameter, similar to a 15th mag double star surrounded by nebulosity."
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23 24 06.9 -11 51 38; Aqr
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 135°
17.5" (8/25/95): very faint, very small, probably elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 30"x20". View severely hindered by a mag 10 star attached at the northwest end! It was difficult to determine dimensions and orientation due to the glare from the star and the faintness of the galaxy.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5318 on 28 Sep 1897 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver and described "vF, vS, f 9.5m star 1 second." His position is accurate.
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23 24 49.0 +13 59 48; Peg
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small,
round, 18" diameter. Located
5.7' ENE of
Howe discovered IC 5319 = Ho. III-22 on 25 Nov 1899 and recorded "eF, eS; near 7651." His position is accurate.
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23 28 22.0 -67 45 37; Tuc
Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 135°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; faint to fairly faint,
small, round, 20" diameter.
Forms a close pair with similar
Royal Frost discovered IC 5320 = F. 1234, along with IC 5322, on a plate taken on 12 Oct 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "bM, magn 14." His position, though, 1 minute of time too far west (same as IC 5322), so the RA is out of order with IC 5323 and 5324.
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23 26 20.2 -17 57 23; Aqr
V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x0.8'; PA = 45°
24" (9/23/17): at 220x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter. Well defined halo (core?) with very little concentration. A 13th magnitude star is 1' NW. A collinear trio (included the wide double HJ 3194) lies 15' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5321 = Sw. 11-229 on 13 Sep 1896 and recorded "eF; vS; R; F * close nf." There is nothing at his position in his large 11th list, but the declination was stated as 1° further north in his first Lowe Observatory discovery list in Astronomical Journal Vol. 17 (1896). Also the "F * close nf" is actually northwest, again as originally published. These errors were caught by Herbert Howe while reobserving NGC/IC objects in 1899 at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. Howe recovered Swift's object 6' north of the position given in his AJ list and estimated the nearby star to the NW as 10th mag, although it is closer to 13th mag.
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IC 5322 = ESO 077-022 = PGC 71536
23 28 30.8 -67 45 41; Tuc
Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 77°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20"-24" diameter. Forms a close pair with similar IC 5320 0.9' W. In a quartet with brighter IC 5324 3.8' SSW and IC 5323 6.1' SW. A mag 11.5 star lies 2' NE and a mag 12 star is 3' E.
Royal Frost discovered IC 5322 = F. 1235, along with IC 5320, on a plate taken on 12 Oct 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "bM, magn 14." See IC 5320.
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IC 5323 = ESO 077-019 = PGC 71489
23 27 37.0 -67 48 56; Tuc
V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 160°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, moderately large, irregularly round, 45"x35", strongly concentrated with a very bright core that gradually increases but no well defined nuclear zone. Collinear with a mag 12.4 star 2.1' SSE and a mag 11.5 star 4.2' SSE. Two additional mag 12-13 stars are further east. Brightest in a quartet with IC 5324 3.9' E, IC 5320 5.4' NE and IC 5322 6.1' NE.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5323 = DS 782, along with IC 5324, on a plate taken on 29 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "F, S, bM."
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IC 5324 = ESO 077-020 = PGC 71526
23 28 17.8 -67 49 17; Tuc
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 37°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright to fairly bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus. A mag 12.5 star is 2.1' E and a similar star is 3' SSE. In a quartet with brighter IC 5323 3.9' W, IC 5320 3.7' N and IC 5322 3.8' NNE.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5324 = DS 783, along with IC 5323, on a plate taken on 29 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, S, bM."
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23 28 43.3 -41 20 00; Phe
V = 11.3; Size 2.8'x2.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 8°
18" (10/16/09): moderately bright, slightly elongated NW-SE, 1.5'x1.2', irregular. Located just 1' NE of an 11th magnitude star (not in GSC). This object appears more like an emission nebula than a galaxy with a slightly brighter region that seems offset to the north side. This object is brighter than most of the NGC galaxies in the area and was surprisingly missed by John Herschel.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5325 = Sw. 11-230 on 8 Aug 1897 and recorded "pB; pS; R; 9m * close s[outh]." His position was 9' too far south, but the identification is certain. DeLisle Stewart picked it up on a Harvard plate at Arequipa taken in 1900 and described it as "F, S, R, gradually brighter in the middle, * 1' sp. He credited Swift with the discovery and recorded an accurate position that was used in the IC.
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23 29 35.2 -28 49 52; Scl
Size 1.0'x0.45'; PA = 116°
24" (9/6/18): at 225x; very faint, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~30"x15", low even surface brightness. Mag 9.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5326 = Sw. 11-231 on 14 Sep 1896 and wrote "eeeF; S; vE; 8m * p[receding]." His position is 3.4' too far SSW and the bright star (mag 9.2 HD 221097) is 6' SW. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position (used in the IC) during his survey of NGC and IC objects at Denver.
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23 30 47.7 -13 29 08; Aqr
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x1.0'; PA = 170°
See observing notes for IC 1495.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5327 (= IC 1495) on 5 Nov 1888 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "not faint; not large, R?, 1' +/- and slightly south of 11m star." His estimated position was 30 seconds of RA too small and nearly 6' too far north. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer much later and appeared in the IC 2 as 5327. The galaxy was also discovered by Javelle (J. 1-491) on 3 Nov 1891 and he received the credit for IC 1495.
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23 33 16.4 -45 00 57; Phe
V = 11.4; Size 2.5'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 40°
30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, fairly large,
oval 3:2 SW-NE, ~1.8'x1.2'. The
large, brighter core is sharply concentrated with an extremely bright
nucleus.
13.1" (9/3/86): fairly faint, fairly small, oval ~E-W,
brighter core. Located 7' NE of
mag 7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5328 = Sw. 11-232 on 8 Aug 1897 and recorded "vF; S; R; bet 2 st; 8m sf, 7m sp." His position (in AN 3517) is less than 2' too far south and his description matches. The RA in his short third Lowe Observatory discovery list in Popular Astronomy is 52 seconds of time too small. Also the discovery date was first given as 8 Aug 1897, instead of 3 Oct 1897 in his large AN list. The earlier date appears to be correct as the list was dated 12 Sep 1897. Perhaps he remeasured the position on the later date.
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23 34 27.5 -36 06 04; Scl
V = 10.5; Size 7.8'x6.2'; Surf Br = 14.5
24" (11/23/19): at 200x, faint, very large, slightly elongated, low surface brightness, weak concentration with a slightly brighter core region. The halo fades out without a distinct border but roughly 5'x4'. There was a suggestion of structure but the low elevation affected seeing subtle details. A mag 10 star is 4' NE and a mag 11 star is 4' E (part of a group). A mag 12.5 star is off the W side, 3.5' from center.
13.1" (10/20/84): extremely faint, at visual threshold. At 74x and 88x appears as a large, very diffuse hazy region with averted vision only. Not seen at 166x, likely due to the low elevation. Located 12' NE of the double star SEE 489 = 7.0/11.7 at 20".
James Dunlop probably discovered IC 5332 = D 546? on 14 Jul 1826. He reported finding an "extremely feeble, ill defined nebula; it is at least 1' diameter. It seems rather elongated oblique to the equator; it is north following a bright star of the 7th-8th magnitude, and also north of two small stars." His position is 1° south and 1 minute of RA east of IC 5332, which matches his description: a 7th mag star is 13' SW and a 10th mag star (and two 12th mag) are close SW. This identification was suggested by Glen Cozens in his analysis of Dunlop's discoveries.
Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 5332 = Sw. 11-233 on 19 Nov 1897 and reported "eeeF; vL; bet 2 st; D[ouble] * p[recedes] 45 sec little s[outh]; pentagon p[receding]." The double is the unequal double SEE 489, mentioned in my observation. This object was first reported in his 5th discovery list from Lowe Observatory in which he has the note, "..it is a remarkable object. It appears to be a nebulous nebula, if such an expression be allowable. Its appearance was as if a central, considerably elongated nebula with sharp outlines, was centrally superimposed on another nebula very much larger, and of unimagined faintness. It was impossible, the seeing being excellent, to assign limits to the outer envelope. It is the largest and among the faintest of all my nebulas. I have requested the Director of the Lick Observatory to examine it with the 36-inch telescope." Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC.
IC 5332 was first recognized on a Helwan Observatory plate taken between 1914-16 by Harold Knox-Shaw.
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23 34 53.0 -65 23 46; Tuc
V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 87°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, very thin edge-on ~8:1 E-W, ~1.2'x0.15', tapers at the tips, contains a thin brighter elongated core. The galaxy is at the eastern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 4' SW and a mag 12.5 star 3.5' NW. Also a mag 14.3 star is 1.7' ENE, along with a 15.2 star 1.6' ESE.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 5333 = D.S. 784 on an Arequipa
plate taken on 29 Aug 1900 and reported "cB, S, edge of plate,
susp." His position is 1.5'
from
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IC 5334 = MCG -01-60-008 = PGC 71784
23 34 36.4 -04 32 03; Aqr
V = 13.2; Size 1.8'x0.5'; PA = 127°
24" (9/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint, elongated 5:2
NW-SE, ~40"x16", contains a very small bright nucleus with a faint
stellar peak. Located 19' SE of
mag 6.9
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5334 = Ho. I-21 on 14 Dec 1894 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He recorded "nebulous * 10.5m. Possibly close D[ouble] *. Extended nebulosity susp. at 135° and 315° [SE and NW]. His position is very accurate and his position angle for the suspected nebulosity is correct.
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23 36 18.7 +21 05 58; Psc
V = 15.5; Size 0.4'x0.3'
24" (12/1/16): extremely faint, very small, possibly
elongated, 15" diameter. Only
a single glow of the double system (separation 25") was seen with
confidence. The components are
pretty similar in mag and size, so either or perhaps both were seen but not
simultaneously. The listed size
and mag's refer to IC 5336 NED2 = LEDA 1642687. This double system lies in the core of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5336 = J. 3-1453, along with
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IC 5337 = MCG +03-60-012 = CGCG 455-025 = WBL 719-001 = PGC 71875
23 36 25.0 +21 09 03; Peg
V = 14.7; Size 0.8'x0.15'; PA = 2°
24" (12/1/16): fairly faint, small, 20"
diameter. This is an edge-on with
a length of 0.8', so I must have picked up only the middle section. It forms a close pair with IC 5338, the
brightest member of AGC 2626, just 1.3' E. I was surprised the surface brightness of
IC 5337 is a Jellyfish galaxy with trailing streamers of gas and dust from ram-pressure stripping in the cluster.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5337 = J. 3-1454, along with IC 5336 and 5338, on 25 Nov 1897. He noted "faint, roughly round, 20" to 25", gradually condensed, mag 15 nucleus."
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IC 5338 = UGC 12703 = MCG +03-60-013 = CGCG 455-026 = 3C 464 = WBL 719-002 = PGC 71884
23 36 30.4 +21 08 45; Peg
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 29°
24" (12/1/16): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.4' diameter, contains a small brighter core/nucleus, low surface brightness halo. IC 5338 is the brightest cluster member in AGC 2626 and it forms a close pair with IC 5337, the second ranked member, just 1.3' W. Fainter IC 5336 (a close double system) lies 3.8' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5338 = J. 3-1455, along with IC 5336 and 5337, on 25 Nov 1897. He noted "faint, roughly elongated in the meridian [N-S], 25" to 30", gradually condenses to a mag 15 stellar nucleus."
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23 38 26.8 +26 59 06; Peg
V = 14.4; Size 0.4'x0.4'
17.5" (9/23/89 and 8/8/91): very faint, extremely
small, round. Located 2.8' SSW of
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5341 = Ho III-23, along with IC 5342, on 27 Nov 1899 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory. He noted "eF, eS; near [NGC] 7720" and measured an accurate micrometric position.
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23 38 38.8 +27 00 40; Peg
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 11.6; PA = 26°
17.5" (8/8/91): very faint, small, round, bright
core. Located 2' N of a mag 11
star and 2.4' SE of NGC 7720 in the core of AGC 2634. 2MASX J23383626+2701467 (perhaps
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5342 = Ho III-24, along with IC 5341, on 27 Nov 1899. He noted "eF, eS; near [NGC] 7720" and measured an accurate micrometric position. MCG misidentifies MCG +04-55-039 as IC 5342.
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23 39 22.4 -22 29 50; Aqr
Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (9/6/18): at 225x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 30" diameter, weak even concentration. Situated 5' NW of mag 7.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5343 = Sw. 11-234 on 19 Oct 1897
and noted "eF; pS; 7 1/2m * 19s sf = [
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IC 5345 = ESO 536-016 = MCG -04-55-020 = PGC 72040
23 39 32.2 -22 24 48; Aqr
Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 154°
24" (9/6/18): at 225x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Forms a pair with IC 5343 5.5' SSW. Situated 8' NNW of mag 7.3 HD 222332. IC 5345 has a similar surface brightness as 5343, but is smaller.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5345 = Ho. II-14 on 11 Oct 1898 and wrote "vF, vS, R, 6.5' n of Swift 234 [IC 5343]. His position is accurate. I'm a little surprised that Swift missed this galaxy, though picked up IC 5343 in the same field.
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23 44 59.2 -42 54 39; Phe
V = 11.9; Size 2.2'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 105°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5348 = Sw. 11-235 on 23 Sep 1897 and reported "eF; eS; R." His position is 17 seconds of RA west of NGC 7744. Perhaps due to the significant difference in description (John Herschel called the object "considerably bright"), Dreyer assumed Swift's object was new. Harold Corwin notes there are no other nearby galaxies that Swift might have picked up instead. So, IC 5348 = NGC 7744.
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23 46 23.0 -28 00 15; Scl
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 20°
24" (8/16/12): faint, small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE,
25"x12". This is a
contact double system (
18" (8/25/06): faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 20"x10", weak concentration.
17.5" (11/1/97): very faint, small, elongated 2:1
SSW-NNE, weak concentration.
Initially, this galaxy required averted to view but with concentration
it could almost be held continuously.
Located at the west end of
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5349 = Ho. II-15 on 16 Nov 1898 and recorded "vF, vmE 200°, 20" long." His position and description is an exact match. He also added the note "No. 15 has puzzled me somewhat. The southern end is the brightest portion, and at times it seems as if the object were really a faint double star, one or both components of which are nebulous." He was right about this object being double!
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23 47 14.7 -27 57 28; Scl
V = 13.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.5
24" (8/16/12): fairly faint, small, round, 20"
diameter, gradually increases to a very small bright nucleus.
18" (8/25/06): faint but readily visible at 220x, very small, round, 20" diameter. Furthest northern member in the core of AGC 4038.
17.5" (10/25/97): faint, very small, round, increases
to a very small brighter core and stellar nucleus. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 10 star
5' N and a mag 11 star 4.5' ESE. Located on the north side of galaxy cluster
AGC 4038 with the central region (IC 5353,
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5350 = Sw. 11-236 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eeeF; eS; R; 9m * near f[ollowing]; 1st of 5 [with IC 5353, 5354, 5358 and 5362]." His position is poor (offset 5.5' to the southwest), but this is the brightest galaxy nearby. Howe measured an accurate position in 1898, so the IC position is good.
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23 47 18.9 -02 18 50; Psc
V = 13.6; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 177°
24" (9/28/19): at 322x; faint, small, round, ~20"
diameter, very small brighter nucleus.
Attached on the north side of a mag 12.7 star, which partly masks the
galaxy!
18" (9/3/05): very faint, small. Appears as a low surface brightness
glow or extension attached at the north side of a mag 11-12 star that
significantly detracts from viewing.
In a group of four IC galaxies (
17.5" (9/3/94): this is the third brightest galaxy in
HCG 97 group = Shkh 30. Extremely
faint and small, round, 10" diameter. A mag 11 star attached at the south side makes viewing very
difficult. Located 1.3' SW of IC
5357.
17.5" (10/21/95): extremely faint and small, round. A mag 12 star attached at the south side detracts from viewing.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5351, along with
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IC 5352 = HCG 97E = Shkh 30-4 = PGC 72405 = LEDA 196630
23 47 19.9 -02 16 51; Psc
V = 15.6; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 66°
24" (9/28/19): at 322x; between extremely faint and very faint, very small, round, 10"-12" diameter. I was unable to hold the faintest (and smallest) member of the HCG 97 quintet but it was not a threshold object. Situated 1.5' NW of IC 5357 (brightest in the group).
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5351, along with IC 5352, 5356, 5367 and 5369, on 28 Oct 1889 and noted "pF, pS, gradually brighter in the middle." This group (best known as HCG 97) was discovered while observing Brooks Comet (1889V) with the 36-inch Clark refractor at Lick Observatory. His sketch in AN 4136 clearly identifies all members in the group.
Hickson failed to label his
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IC 5353 = ESO 471-017 = MCG -05-56-010 = AM 2344-282 = PGC 72421
23 47 28.6 -28 06 33; Scl
V = 13.0; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140°
24" (8/16/12): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
25" diameter, very small bright core. Located in the core of AGC 4038 4.1' NW of IC 5358. Forms a close pair with
18" (8/25/06): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, very small brighter core, stellar nucleus. The halo increases in size with averted vision to ~30"x25". With careful viewing an extremely faint companion was glimpsed close east. Located in the core of AGC 4038 with IC 5354 1.6' S.
17.5" (10/25/97): very faint, fairly small, irregular shape, halo grows in size with averted vision, weak concentration to a brighter core. Located in the core of AGC 4038 with IC 5354 1.6' S and IC 5358 3.9' SE. A mag 11 star lies 4' NE and a mag 15 star is 1.0' NNE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5353 = Sw. 11-237 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eF; S; R; 6m * with distant companion f[ollows]; 2nd of 5 [with IC 5351, 5354, 5358 and 5362]." His position is 4.4' too far southwest (similar offset as IC 5351), but Howe measured an accurate position in 1898, so the IC position is good.
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IC 5354 = ESO 471-016 = MCG -05-56-011 = AM 2344-282 = PGC 72416
23 47 28.6 -28 08 09; Scl
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 66°
24" (8/16/12): faint, small, round, 18" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Located in the rich core of AGC 4038 and 1.6' S of IC 5353. This is a double system with a small galaxy (ESO-LV 4710161) on the northeast edge, but I didn't look for the tiny companion.
18" (8/25/06): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. Located 1.6' S of brighter IC 5353 and 3.5' W of IC 5358.
17.5" (10/25/97): extremely faint, very small, round. This member of AGC 4038 required averted vision to view. A faint companion at the NE edge was not seen. Located just 1.6' S of IC 5353 and 3.5' W of IC 5358.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5354 = Sw. 11-238 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eeF; S; R; 3rd of 5 [with IC 5351, 5353, 5358 and 5362]." His position is 3' too far southwest (similar offset as IC 5353 and 5358) but Howe measured an accurate position in 1898 and the IC position is good. This is a double galaxy, though Swift and Howe probably just picked up the brighter western component.
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IC 5356 = HCG 97C = MCG -01-60-034 = Shkh 30-3 = PGC 72409
23 47 23.8 -02 21 04; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 33°
24" (9/28/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 5:3 SW-NE, ~30"x18", well concentrated with a small bright nucleus and much fainter extensions. A mag 14.5-15 star is 0.8' SW and a similar star 45" NE.
18" (9/3/05): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, even surface brightness. Located 2.7' SW of a mag 10 star and 3' S of IC 5357 in HCG 97. Four faint stars are near including three mag 14.5 stars running SW to NE with the galaxy nearly between two of these stars.
17.5" (9/3/94): second brightest galaxy in HCG 97
group. Very faint, very small,
slightly elongated (although difficult to pin down direction), very weak
concentration. Located between two
mag 14 stars off the SW and NE ends and 3.0' due south of IC 5357. Forms the southern vertex of an
isosceles triangle with a mag 11 star 2.5' NW and a mag 10 star 2.6' NE. IC 5351 lies 2.5' NW and
17.5" (10/21/95): very faint, small, round. A mag 14.5 star is 45" SSW.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5356 on 28 Oct 1889 while observing Comet Brooks (1889V) with the Lick 36-inch refractor. He noted "not F, R, mbM."
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IC 5357 = HCG 97A = MCG -01-60-033 = Shkh 30-1 = PGC 72408
23 47 22.9 -02 18 02; Psc
V = 13.0; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 150°
24" (9/28/19): largest and brightest member of the HCG 97 quintet. At 322x; moderately bright, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.5', brighter core that gradually increases to the center.
18" (9/3/05): brightest in quartet of IC galaxies forming HCG 97 = Shkh 30. At 225x appeared moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NNW-SSE, 0.8'x0.6', broad concentration. Located 3' NW of a mag 10.5 star and 1.3' NE of a mag 11.5 star.
17.5" (9/3/94): brightest of four IC galaxies in HCG 97 = Shkh 30. Faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.7'x0.4', gradually brightens to a small bright core and an almost stellar nucleus. A mag 11 star (with IC 5351 attached) is 2' SW. IC 5351 lies 1.3' SW, IC 5356 3.0' S and IC 5359 3.8' ESE. IC 5352 = HCG 97E was not seen.
17.5" (10/21/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NNW-SSE.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5357 on 28 Oct 1889 while observing Comet Brooks (1889V) with the Lick 36-inch refractor. He noted "'B, R, mbM."
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IC 5358 = ESO 471-019 = MCG -05-56-013 = AM 2344-282 = PGC 72441
23 47 44.2 -28 08 22; Scl
V = 12.6; Size 2.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 122°
24" (8/16/12): this cD galaxy is at the center of AGC
4038. At 282x appeared fairly
faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~50"x25", sharply
concentrated with a bright 15" core and much fainter extensions. A companion (
18" (8/25/06): this double galaxy is the brightest in AGC 4038 and appeared as a fairly faint glow, fairly small, elongated ~5:3 WNW-ESE, small bright core. With careful viewing a very faint, very small companion was attached on the southwest side.
17.5" (11/1/97): initially seen as a single irregular-shaped galaxy but after careful viewing this double system was resolved into two nearly tangent objects oriented WSW-ENE (the brighter, larger object to the NE is IC 5358). At moments both objects can be seen to have nearly stellar nuclei. This cD galaxy is the brightest in AGC 4038 = Klemola 44.
17.5" (10/25/97): this faint galaxy is the largest of
ten viewed in AGC 4038. Appeared
faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 1.2'x0.9', weak concentration. Nearby is IC 5353 3.9' NW, IC 5354 3.5'
W and
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5358 = Sw. 11-239 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eF; S; R; 4th of 5 [with IC 5351, 5353, 5354 and 5362]." His position is 3.6' too far southwest (similar offset as IC 5353 and 5354). Howe remeasured all these galaxies and mentions for IC 5358 "binuclear, at an angle of 250°, with a distance of 20"." So Howe discovered IC 5358A, the attached companion on the southwest side, and it should have received an IC designation.
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IC 5359 = HCG 97B = Shkh 30-5 = MCG -01-60-036 = PGC 72430
23 47 37.9 -02 19 00; Psc
V = 14.7; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 138°
24" (9/28/19): at 322x; between very faint and faint,
edge-on streak ~6:1 NW-SE, ~50"x8", low even surface brightness, no
core. Situated between a mag 10.4
star 1.5' WSW and a mag 9.9 star 3.6' ENE. Due to its low surface brightness,
18" (9/3/05): extremely faint, small, very low surface brightness glow 1.5' following a mag 10 star. In fairly poor seeing, the image was too unsteady to see the elongation well.
17.5" (9/3/94): faintest of four galaxies in the HCG 97 compact group. Extremely faint, small, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE. Only visible with averted vision and cannot be held steadily. A mag 10 star, just 1.6' WSW, detracts from viewing. Last in a group with IC 5351 4.7' W, IC 5357 3.8' WNW and IC 5356 4' SW.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5359 on 28 Oct 1889 while observing Comet Brooks (1889V) with the Lick 36-inch refractor. He noted "F, pS, gradually brighter in the middle."
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23 51 28.9 -13 22 54; Aqr
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5" (8/29/92): fairly faint, small, round, 1' diameter, very even concentration, small bright core, very symmetrical appearance. Two brighter stars mag 10 are 3.5' W and 7' WSW. Located in a field that is strangely devoid of any faint stars.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5361 = Big. 356 on 30 Nov 1891. His position matches NGC 7761 = PGC 72641, which was discovered by Ormond Stone in 1886 at Leander McCormick Observatory. Stone's rough position was two minutes of RA too far west, so both Bigourdan and later Herbert Howe assumed they found a new object. So, IC 5361 = NGC 7761. See Corwin's notes for discussion.
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23 51 36.7 -28 21 54; Scl
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3
18" (10/29/11): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, weak even concentration to a small bright core and faint stellar nucleus. Located 4.5' SW of SEE 497, a close, very unequal mag 8/11 pair at 5" that was resolved.
Although centered in
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5362 = Sw. 11-241 = Sw. 12-45? on
14 Sep 1896. His description in AN
3517 reads "eeF; pS; bet 2 B st; 5th of 5 [with IC 5350, 5353, 5354, and
5358]." His description in AJ
388 adds a bit of detail: "eeF, pS, nrly bet an 8m * nf and a 9m * sp nearer
the former, 5th of 5." There
is nothing near his position (identical in both lists). Herbert Howe reported "I saw
nothing in the place given by Swift, but measured one 34 seconds following at
nearly the same declination. It
precedes a star of mag 8, 17 seconds, 2.3' south. This star has a companion of mag 12 at 70°,
6"." Howe's accurate
position was used in the IC. Swift
probably discovered this galaxy again on 24 Jul 1897 and reported Sw. 12-45
(later
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23 56 25.0 -29 01 24; Scl
Size 1.3'x0.9'
24" (9/7/18): IC 5364 is an interacting overlapping pair, only 17" between centers. The eastern galaxy (IC 5364 NED2) was brighter. At 260x it appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter. The western galaxy (IC 5364 NED1) is tangent but resolved as a very faint, round glow, 12" diameter (the nucleus of a Ring galaxy).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5364 = Sw. 11-242 on 15 Sep 1896
and called it "vF; pS; R; 8m * near sf." His position is 4.5' SE of
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23 59 06.6 +06 52 23; Psc
Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 5°
24" (9/8/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15"-18" diameter. Situated just 3' WNW of mag 4.0 Omega Piscium. One the overpowering star was placed outside the field, this faint galaxy was immediately noticed, and although faint and small, it was not as difficult a target as expected.
E.E. Barnard found IC 5368 (date unknown), probably with the 36-inch Lick refractor and reported it directly to Dreyer as "eF, vS, little brighter middle, 3' p or f from Omega Piscium" Burnham discovered this galaxy on 19 Aug 1889 while checking if mag 4.0 Omega Psc was a double. I wouldn't be surprised if E.E. Barnard also observed this galaxy at the same time as Burnham, but later reported it to Dreyer as new. As a result IC 1523 = IC 5368.
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23 59 50.6 +32 42 08; And
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 85°
17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint, very small, elongated
WSW-ESE. Requires averted at 280x
for clear view, so doesn't appear as bright as CGCG magnitude (15.3z). Collinear with two mag 10.5 stars (~3'
S) which are two vertices of a nice equilateral triangle of similar bright
stars with sides 1'. First of five
in the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5369 = J. 3-1460, along with IC 5370, 5371, 5372 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. His positions are all offset 1' to the south, due to an error in the position of his reference star. IC 5369 was described as "faint, round, 20" to 25" diameter, mag 15 stellar nucleus."
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IC 5370 = MCG +05-01-018 = CGCG 498-056 = CGCG 499-028 = WBL 730-002 = PGC 5
00 00 09.2 +32 44 18; And
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 117°
17.5" (10/4/97): very faint, very small, slightly
elongated, very small bright core. Halo increases to ~40" with averted
vision. There are several stars to the west including a mag 13.5 star 1.4'
W. Brightest in a group (WBL 730)
including IC 5369,
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5370 = J. 3-1461, along with IC 5369, 5371, 5372 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. He recorded "pretty bright, round, 20", mag 13 stellar nucleus."
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IC 5371 = CGCG 499-030 = CGCG 498-058 = WBL 730-003 = PGC 24
00 00 14.8 +32 49 55; And
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.45'; PA = 148°
17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.4' NW of a mag 14 star. This is the furthest north of five galaxies in the IC 5370 group. Similar IC 5372 lies 2.4' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5371 = J. 3-1462, along with
IC 5369, 5370, 5372 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. He recorded "faint, 10" to 15" or more,
paired with a mag 15 star." I
apparently missed a faint star at the east side. PGC assigns
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00 00 16.3 +32 47 33; And
V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.4'
17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint and small (required averted vision), round, 15" diameter, no concentration. Located 40" NW of a mag 12.5 star which is 2' due west of IC 5373 in the IC 5370 group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5372 = J. 3-1463, along with
IC 5369, 5370, 5371 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. He noted "faint, round, 15", mag 14
nucleus." PGC doesn't
identify
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IC 5373 = MCG +05-01-019 = CGCG 498-059w = CGCG 499-031w = WBL 730-004 = PGC 36 = PGC 48
00 00 28.9 +32 46 56; And
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 150°
17.5" (10/4/97): very faint, very small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration. Second brightest in the IC 5370 group. Situated between two mag 12.5 stars 2.1' W and 2.7' E. Also 6' SW of a mag 9.1 star. IC 5370 lies 5' SW. This is a contact double system, although I probably only viewed the brighter western component.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5373 = J. 3-1464, along with IC 5369, 5370, 5371 and 5372, on 9 Nov 1899. He recorded "pretty bright, round, 20", mag 13 stellar nucleus." MCG doesn't label its +05-01-019 as IC 5373. The CGCG magnitude includes both components.
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00 02 37.9 +16 38 38; Peg
Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (12/1/16): fairly faint, small, round,
15"-18" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. A 20" pair of mag 14.5 stars is
off the west side.
18" (11/14/09): faint, small, round, 20" diameter,
two mag 14 stars [23" separation] are close preceding [nearer star is
30" west]. A much fainter
companion (MCG +03-01-016 = PGC 178) attached on the north side was not
seen. Located 30' NNW of
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5378, along with
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00 03 11.3 +15 57 54; Peg
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 54°
14.5" (12/17/20): at 182x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~45"x15", brighter core. A triangle of similar stars is close S. Located 10' S of NGC 7814. IC 5381 lies far in the background at 10x the distance.
13.1" (10/10/86): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE. Located just NW of a small isosceles triangle of mag 12-13 stars with side about 1' with the closest star 43" SE. Can just hold steadily with averted. Forms a pair with NGC 7814 10' N.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5381 = J. 3-1468, along with IC 5377 and 5378, on a plate taken with his 20-inch reflector on 17 Nov 1895 of NGC 7814. He described IC 5381 as "Bright; elongated north following to south preceding about 50"; stellar nucleus about 17th mag; four 12 to 16 stars on the south near it." Keeler or Perrine found it again between 1898-00 on plates taken with the Crossley reflector and catalogued as #740 in a table of 744 new nebulae published in 1908. Finally, Stephane Javelle rediscovered it visually at the Nice Observatory on 12 Nov 1903 while measuring NGC 7814 and recorded it as #1468 in his third discovery list.
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00 04 09.1 -11 59 02; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 158°
17.5" (11/6/93): very faint, very small, round, weak
concentration, can just steadily with direct vision. A mag 13 star is 3' NW. Located 12' ESE of mag 8.2
Herbert Howe found IC 5384 in 1899-00 while searching for
Dreyer noted the possible equivalence with NGC 7813 in the IC description and Harold Corwin concludes "NGC 7813 is probably identical with IC 5384, though the descriptions do not match, and Muller's position is a typically poor one from the second Leander McCormick list in AJ." MCG labels this galaxy IC 5384 as this designation is secure.
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00 06 28.5 -03 42 58; Psc
V = 12.3; Size 1.9'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 25°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5386 = Sw. 11-1 on 12 Sep 1896 and logged "pB; pS; vE." His position is 5' southeast of NGC 7832. The IC position (based on Herbert Howe's observation in 1898-99) matches NGC 7832. Corwin notes that neither Swift, Dreyer nor Howe noticed the equivalence with NGC 7832.
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