20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic
V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5003 = Sw. 12-18 on 8 Sep 1897 and
reported "vF, [cS], R, 2 st nr sf, point to it. Sp of 2 [with Sw. 12-19]. There is nothing near his position, but based on his
description Harold Corwin found that Swift made an 18 minute error in time in
recording the RA. Once corrected
his position matches
******************************
20 31 38.7 -30 49 58; Mic
V = 11.9; Size 2.6'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 78°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5004= Sw. 11-192 on 22 Jul 1897 and
called it "eF; pS; lE; wide D * near s[outh]." There is nothing at his position, but
Harold Corwin found that 6 minutes of RA east is NGC 6923 (discovered by John
Herschel) and Swift's description fits (the wide double star is ~4' S.) So,
******************************
20 25 20.2 -25 49 44; Cap
V = 12.7; Size 1.9'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 67°
18" (9/3/08): fairly faint, moderately large, slightly
elongated, 1.0'x0.8', weak concentration.
The edge of the halo is ill-defined. A star is at the NW end [brighter of a wide, 28" pair
with a slightly fainter star
further NW]. Located 9.7' due east
of mag 7
17.5" (8/8/02): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'. Fairly low, nearly even surface brightness. A faint star is close NNW. Located 3' due north of a mag 10 star.
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.4'x1.0'. Very weak or no concentration. A mag 13.5 star (which has a faint companion preceding) is at the NW edge [35" from center]. Located 2.8' N of a mag 10 star.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5005 on 28 Aug 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory He noted "Verified the faint nebula of Aug 26 [IC 4999] and found another smaller one, very faint, just north of 12m star. It is following an 8m star [by 43 seconds of time]." The identification is certain.
******************************
20 43 34.4 -29 42 13; Mic
V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 28°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5007 = Sw. 12-19 on 8 Sep 1897 and
reported "eeF, cL, R, bet 2 groups of B st sf a.d np, nf of 2 [with Sw.
12-18]. There is nothing near his
position, but based on his description Harold Corwin found that Swift made an
18 minute error in time in recording the RA. Once corrected his position matches
******************************
20 28 33.8 -36 01 38; Mic
V = 11.7; Size 2.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 19°
24" (9/30/16): at 282x; fairly bright, moderately
large, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 1.8'x0.7'.
Sharply concentrated with three distinct zones: a small high surface
brightness core, a fairly low surface brightness halo, a small high surface
brightness core and a very small, intensely bright nucleus. Mag 7.8
IC 5011 forms an interacting contact pair with
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly bright, moderately large, very
elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 2.0'x0.7'.
Sharp concentration and dominated by a striking bright core with much
fainter extensions. Located 10' N
of a mag 7.5 star (
17.5" (8/3/94): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE. Sharply concentrated with a very bright core that appears elongated at 225x or double at moments. The much fainter halo gradually fades into the background. A mag 7.5 star is 10' S near the edge of the field.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5011 = Sw. 11-193 on 25 Jul 1897 and recorded "pB, vS, eE". There is nothing at his position but 1.3 minutes of RA east is ESO 400-029 and his description clearly applies. He found the galaxy again a month later (29 Aug 1897) and reported "eeS; eE in meridian [N-S]; curious object." This time his RA was only 8 seconds too small. So, IC 5011 = IC 5013. See Harold Corwin's and Malcolm Thomson's remarks for more.
******************************
20 28 33.8 -36 01 38; Mic
V = 11.7; Size 2.4'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 19°
24" (9/30/16): at 282x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 1.8'x0.7'. Sharply concentrated with three distinct zones: a small high surface brightness core, a fairly low surface brightness halo, a small high surface brightness core and a very small, intensely bright nucleus. Mag 7.8 HD 194727 is 10' S.
IC 5013 forms an interacting contact pair with ESO 400-030 at the southeast edge of the halo [1.0' SSE from center]. The companion appeared as a very faint, fairly small glow held nearly continuously with averted and concentration. It seemed to have a small brighter core and an elongated halo ~18"x12".
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 2.0'x0.7'. Sharp concentration and dominated by a striking bright core with much fainter extensions. Located 10' N of a mag 7.5 star (SAO 212153). A companion (ESO 400-030) at the south edge was not seen, probably due to the low elevation.
17.5" (8/3/94): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE. Sharply concentrated with a very bright core that appears elongated at 225x or double at moments. The much fainter halo gradually fades into the background. A mag 7.5 star is 10' S near the edge of the field.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5013 = Sw. 11-194, for the second
time, on 29 Aug 1897 and reported "eeS; eE in meridian [N-S]; curious
object." His RA is only 8
seconds too small. His first
observation was a month earlier and the discovered was listed as Sw. 11-193
(later IC 5011), but his RA was 1.3 minutes too small. His description "pB; vS; eE"
clearly applies to the same galaxy. So, IC 5011 = IC 5013. Malcolm Thomson equated IC 5011 with
******************************
20 30 47.1 -36 04 37; Mic
V = 14.6; Size 1.7'x0.3'; Surf Br = 13.8; PA = 85°
24" (9/6/18): at 225x; extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated, 15"x10" (core region seen). This galaxy was surprisingly faint and was only occasionally glimpsed. A mag 14 star is 1' N and two mag 13.5/14.6 stars are less than 3' ESE. Located 27' ESE of IC 5013 (interacting contact pair).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5019 = Sw. 11-195 on 16 Sep 1897
and reported "vF; cS; R; several pB stars south and following." There is nothing at his position but
15' N is
******************************
20 30 38.5 -33 29 08; Mic
V = 12.3; Size 3.0'x2.1'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 153°
24" (9/30/16): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 2.0'x1.4', contains a relatively large bright core that gradually increases to the center.
17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, moderately large, irregularly round, gradually increases to a brighter center, 1.5' diameter. Located in a stream of stars flowing ~E-W through the 22' field and a second curving lane of stars heading south (includes a brighter mag 11 star) is close following the galaxy.
17.5" (8/3/94): fairly faint, slightly elongated ~E-W. Broad concentration with no distinct core but the nucleus appears offset to the west side giving an asymmetric appearance. A flipped "?" asterism (reversed N-S) is just following with the hook ending just east of the galaxy with a mag 14 star.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5020 = Sw. 11-196 on 29 Aug 1897
and logged "pF; pS; lE."
His position is 10 seconds of RA east and 1.6' south of
******************************
20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic
V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°
See observing notes for IC 5039.
Lewis Swift found IC 5029 = Sw. 12-22 on 26 Jul 1897 and reported "eeF, eS, eE, F * with dist companion nr sf, point to it, np of 2 [with Sw. 12-23]. There is nothing near his position, but based on his description this was the second of four discoveries of the same pair of galaxies! In this case his RA was 3 minutes of time too small. See IC 5039 for more on the story.
******************************
20 46 51.7 -65 01 01; Pav
V = 13.4; Size 1.4'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 75°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x and 429x; moderately
bright, oval 3:2 WSW-ENE, ~40"x28", brighter core. Two mag 14 and 15 stars are off the WSW
end [1.0' and 1.6' from center].
Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5038 = D.S. 684 on a plate taken on 23 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, alm stell."
******************************
IC 5039 = IC 5046 = IC 5003 = IC 5029 = ESO 463-020 = MCG -05-49-001 = PGC 65249
20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic
V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°
17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, fairly large edge-on, 2'x0.5' NNW-SSE, broad concentration. A faint star is very close to the SE extension [36" from center]. In field with IC 5041 10' NNE.
17.5" (8/5/91): faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, sharp concentration. A mag 15 star is at the SE end and a 14th magnitude star is 1.7' ENE of center. Forms a pair with IC 5041 10.0' NNE.
Lewis Swift found IC 5039 = Sw. 11-197 = Sw. 11-198, along with IC 5041 = Sw. 11-199, on 29 Aug 1897 and recorded (for XI-197) "vF; pS; R; 2 F st near nf point to it; 1st of 3." His position for IC 5039 is 17 seconds of RA west of ESO 463-020 = PGC 65249 and that of IC 5041 is 2.5' N of ESO 463-021 = PGC 65258. The listing for Sw. 11-198 is only 15 seconds of time east with description "eeF; eS; eE; near p[receding] star of sev[eral] curved; 2nd of 3." Herbert Howe rexamined the field in 1900 and found only 1 nebula near Swift's position of both numbers and concluded they referred to the same object based on the descriptions.
Remarkably, this was the 3rd out of 4 times he
"discovered" this pair in the summer of 1897 at the age of 77. His first observation of the pair, Sw.
11-200 (later
******************************
IC 5041 = IC 5047 = IC 5007 = IC 5030 = ESO 463-021 = MCG -05-49-002 = PGC 65258
20 43 34.4 -29 42 13; Mic
V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 28°
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, irregularly round, broad concentration with large ill-defined core. At least 2' diameter, though hard to estimate diameter and slowly fades around the periphery. Forms a pair with brighter IC 5039 10' SSW.
17.5" (8/5/91): very faint, fairly small, irregularly round, low surface brightness. Pair with IC 5039 10' SSW.
See notes on IC 5039.
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IC 5042 = ESO 106-013 = PGC 65394
20 47 46.0 -65 05 04; Pav
V = 13.2; Size 1.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 41°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x and 429x; fairly faint or moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.6'x0.45', broad weak concentration. Forms a pair with slightly brighter IC 5038 7' NW. A 30" pair of mag 10.7/11.5 stars is 6' N. Located 12' SSE of mag 6.7 HD 197359.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5042 = D.S. 685 on a plate taken on 23 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "vF, vS, R, alm stell."
******************************
IC 5046 = IC 5039 = IC 5003 = IC 5029 = ESO 463-020 = MCG -05-49-001 = PGC 65249
20 43 14.3 -29 51 12; Mic
V = 12.7; Size 2.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 156°
17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, fairly large edge-on, 2'x0.5' NNW-SSE, broad concentration. A faint star is very close to the SE extension [36" from center]. In field with IC 5041 10' NNE.
17.5" (8/5/91): faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, sharp concentration. A mag 15 star is at the SE end and a 14th magnitude star is 1.7' ENE of center. Forms a pair with IC 5041 10.0' NNE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5046 = Sw. 11-200 on 9 Jun 1897 and reported "eF; pS; vE; eeF * and vF * near sf point to it; sp of 2 [with IC 5047]." His position is roughly 1.5 minutes of time too large and 3' too far south. But the description is a perfect match. Swift discovered this galaxy a total of 4 times in the summer of 1897! See IC 5039 for the story.
******************************
IC 5047 = IC 5041 = IC 5007 = IC 5030 = ESO 463-021 = MCG -05-49-002 = PGC 65258
20 43 34.4 -29 42 13; Mic
V = 12.6; Size 2.6'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.9; PA = 28°
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, irregularly round, broad concentration with large ill-defined core. At least 2' diameter, though hard to estimate diameter and slowly fades around the periphery. Forms a pair with brighter IC 5039 10' SSW.
17.5" (8/5/91): very faint, fairly small, irregularly round, low surface brightness. Pair with IC 5039 10' SSW.
See notes on IC 5039.
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20 47 23.4 -38 24 56; Mic
Size 1.5'x1.0'; PA = 148°
24" (9/8/18): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval
3:2 NNW-SSE, ~40"x25".
With careful viewing I noticed this was a double system with the halos
merged [16" between centers].
Each component was no more 20" diameter. The NNW galaxy (
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5049 = Sw. 11-202 on 17 Sep 1897 and wrote "eeF; pS; R." His position is 30 seconds of time west and 4' south of a merged, double system, which Swift apparently didn't resolve. The components are called IC 5049A and 5049B in NED.
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20 52 06 -69 12 14; Pav
V = 11.2; Size 5.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 143°
30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 394x; gorgeous edge-on galaxy! Fairly bright, extremely large, very thin ~10:1 NW-SE, ~5.5'x0.6', slightly brighter core, bulges very slightly at the center or offset to the northwest side, tapers more thinly on the southeast end. A mag 16.3 star is at the north edge of the northwest extension, a mag 16.5 star is off the south edge at this end and a mag 17.5 star is very close to the tip.
18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 128x
this galaxy appears as a beautiful, narrow edge-on streak with little or no
central concentration. It is
elongated ~10:1 NW-SE, ~5'x0.5', with a slightly bulging core and a gradual
tapering towards the tips. A mag
10 star lies 5' N. Located 30' SE
of mag 5.4 Sigma Pavonis.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5052 = DS 692 on a plate taken on 23 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, L, extremely elongated at 140°, 4' long."
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20 53 36.2 -71 08 28; Pav
V = 13.7; Size 1.6'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 55°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; fairly faint or
moderately bright, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.0'x 0.4', brighter core. A mag 11.5 star is 1.7' N. A thin
equatorial dust lane was not noticed. IC 5053 is located 16' SE of mag 8.2 HD
197828 and forms an interacting pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5053 = DS 694 on a plate taken on 26 Sep 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cF, vS, bM, * mag 11 n 2'."
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IC 5054 = ESO 074-019 = AM 2048-711 NED2 = PGC 65665
20 53 45.4 -71 01 29; Pav
V = 13.9; Size 2.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; fairly faint,
moderately large, very elongated 4:1 N-S, ~50"x12", slightly brighter
core. Bracketed between a mag 9.9
star 0.8' SW of center and a mag 12.7 star 0.8' NE of center! Forms a wide interacting pair with IC
5053 7' SSW. Located 14' ESE of
mag 8.2
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5054 = D.S. 695 on a plate taken on 26 Sep 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "cF, vS, bet 2 F st." His position is 1' too far southwest, but there is no question on the identity.
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20 47 13.5 +00 19 19; Aqr
V = 14.5
24" (9/26/19): IC 5057 is a mag 14.5 star just off the
west side of
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5057 = Big. 436 on 27 Jul 1884. His position matches a single star on the west edge of NGC 6962.
2MASX J20470744+0018016, a faint galaxy 3' SW of NGC 6962, was misidentified as IC 5057 in the 1921 Helwan Observatory observations, based on photos taken in 1914-16. It was described as "vF, vS; a vF star 20" following."
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20 47 20.4 +00 29 00; Aqr
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4
18" (8/1/05): faintest of six in the NGC 6962
group. Appeared very faint, very
small, round, 15"-20" diameter.
At first I thought it had a faint stellar nucleus with direct vision,
but with careful viewing this was a mag 15-15.5 star at the south edge. Located 1.3' N of a mag 13 star, on a
line with two mag 14 stars a similar distance to the east and west. This galaxy is misidentified as
17.5" (7/16/88): very faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S, broad concentration, barely visible continuously with direct vision. Located 10' N of NGC 6962 within a triangle of mag 13-14 stars including a mag 14 star 1.4' E and a mag 13 star 1.3' S. Faintest of six in NGC 6962 group. This galaxy is misidentified in the RNGC, UGC, MCG, CGCG as NGC 6963.
17.5" (8/31/86): very faint (requires averted), small, slightly elongated ~N-S, faint stellar nucleus.
13.1" (8/23/84): requires averted vision to confirm,
similar to
13.1" (7/27/84): extremely faint, very small, round. Located 10' N of NGC 6962 within a small equilateral triangle of faint stars.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5058 = Big. 438 (= NGC 6965) on
2 Oct 1891 and reobserved on 17 Oct 1897.
He reported "this object once appeared rather diffuse and once
quite stellar, is distinct from NGC 6963." His position applies to
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20 47 37.0 +00 20 09; Aqr
V = 14/14.5/14.5; Size 8"/16"
24" (9/25/19): at 375x; this number applies to 3 mag 14/14.5 stars that were easily resolved. The northern two stars form an 8" pair with the 3rd star 15" to the south. Located 4.6' E of NGC 6962.
Ralph Copeland discovered IC 5061 = Big. 439 in an
observation of the NGC 6962 group on 28 Sep 1873. Part of his desription reads, "A pB, R, neb, gradually
brighter in the middle in Pos 55.9°, Dist 236.1" from (1) [
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20 48 10.3 -08 21 36; Aqr
V = 15/15
17.5" (7/1/89): faint mag 15/15 double star at 10" separation. Situated 6' W of NGC 6968.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5062 = Big. 336 on 7 Oct 1891. His position lands on a double star.
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20 52 02.3 -57 04 08; Ind
V = 11.9; Size 2.1'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 116°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; bright, large,
slightly elongated NW-SE, ~1.5'x1.1'.
Sharply concentrated with a relatively large, very bright core. More
abrupt light cutoff on the north side [probably due to its dust lane]. A mag 11.3 star is 3.3' N. Forms a pair with
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 5063 = F. 1214 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 17 May 1904. He noted "bM, magn 13."
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IC 5064 = ESO 187-028 = PGC 65634
20 52 38.3 -57 13 57; Ind
V = 13.4; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 51°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; moderately bright and large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, ~50"x30", contains a bright elongated core. Structure was intermittently visible in the halo with averted vision (perhaps spiral arms). Forms a pair with IC 5063 11' NNW.
Royal H. Frost discovered IC 5064 = F. 1215 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 17 May 1904. He noted "bM, magn 13." (same as IC 5063)
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20 51 45.8 -29 50 50; Mic
V = 13.7; Size 1.1'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.5
18" (7/11/10): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 0.7x0.5, sharply concentrated with a small bright core. Situated just 4.1' SSE of a mag 7 star and best viewed with the star removed from the field.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5065 = Sw. 12-24 on 8 Sep 1897 and
reported "vF, pS, R, 8m * in margin of field n." There is nothing at his position, but 1
min 30 seconds of time further east is
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20 47 36 +42 54 12; Cyg
Size 42'x14'
18" (9/25/06): I viewed the
Rev. Thomas Espin discovered IC 5067 visually, along with IC
5068 and 5070, on 7 Sep 1899 with his 17.25-inch Calver reflector. He simply
noted "faint" and there is nothing at his position, about 37' W of
the neck of the Pelican Nebula (
Harold Corwin suggests that if Espin's declination was off by 1.5°, then IC 5067 corresponds with IC 5068B, described here. Espin's positions for IC 5068 and 5070 are good, so otherwise IC 5067 is lost without additional information, but Corwin notes that IC 5068B is the brightest nebula in the region that he might have picked up.
Gaze and Shajn discovered IC 5068B during an H-alpha survey at the Simeis Observatory in Crimea (then Russia) in the early 1950s. It was catalogued in the second discovery list (1951) as S[imeis] 85.
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20 50 29 +42 29; Cyg
Size 30'
18" (9/25/06): IC 5068 is the second of three very
large emission nebulae roughly one degree south of the southern end of the
Pelican Nebula. At 113x and an
OIII filter, this object appears very large, diffuse, irregular glow, roughly
25'x20'. It is noticeably brighter
in a 12' circular region about 10' N of a mag 7.3 star (
To the northwest is a second large patch of nebulosity, generally designated IC 5068B, though if Espin's declination was off by 1.5°, this may be IC 5067. This piece is very large and elongated NW to SE, extending perhaps 40'x15'. It contains a bright circular 10' patch to the south of a mag 8 star (SAO 50061). A broad river of faint nebulosity streams away towards the northwest from this brighter region.
To the east of IC 5068 is the least conspicuous section,
dubbed
Naked-eye (11/30/21): I viewed the region of the North American/Pelican Nebula through a handheld 1x image-intensifier monocular and 6nm H-alpha filter. Three distinct elongated patches (IC 5068/5068B and IC 5068C) were easily visible to the S and SE of the Pelican Nebula. IC 5068/5068B were connected and the larger of the glows.
Reverend Thomas Espin discovered IC 5068, along with IC 5070, visually on 7 Sep 1899 with a 17.25-inch Calver reflector at his Tow Law observatory in England. He simply noted "very faint", but his position is only 6' NW of center of this very large, parallelogram-shaped nebula, so the identification is fairly certain.
Discovered by Espin (AN 3633). Described simply as "very faint". The Pelican Nebula is also announced in this short list of 6 objects. His discovery position is 1 tmin W of the Sky Catalogue 2000.0 position!
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IC 5070 = Sh 2-117 = LBN 350 = Ced 183c = Pelican Nebula
20 50 48 +44 21; Cyg
Size 80'x70'
18" (7/17/07): The huge Pelican Nebula overfilled the 67' field in the 31 Nagler. The UHC filter gave a higher contrast than the OIII filter. Several brighter sections were noted on the close-up chart A1 in the U2000 atlas. One of the brightest pieces is the "neck" of the Pelican located 20'-25' W of mag 4.8 57 Cygni and collinear with two mag 8/9 stars 10' and 12' due west. The glow extends 10' in length. To the SW of the mag 4.8 star is the large "beak" section that streams from NW to SE and extends roughly 20'x8', widening a bit at the SE end. The west side of the beak is defined by a dark lane that parallels the nebulosity and the large, faint body of the Pelican is west of this lane and includes 5.1-magnitude 56 Cygni (the nebulosity is very weak here). The brightest section of the body is a large, circular patch at the south end, ~12' diameter, and located 30' SE of 56 Cygni and 55' S of the "neck".
18" (9/25/06): This was the first observation of the Pelican Nebula in quite awhile and I forgot about this huge, interesting emission nebula. The view was fascinating at 113x with an OIII or UHC filter as this object overfilled the 44' field. I started exploring to the west of 4.8-magnitude 57 Cygni. The brightest section is possibly on a line with this star and a mag 7.2 star further east and corresponds with the neck portion on the Pelican. This is where the ionization front is most evident on photographs. The elongated "beak" of the Pelican also begins to the west of the bright star and streams off in a wide river of nebulosity towards the southeast and passing out of the field. A long darker lane apparently free of nebulosity isolates the "neck" from the main body of the Pelican. The irregular body spreads out to the south of the neck well beyond the southern edge of the eyepiece field and extends at least 65' from the neck terminating at the SE end with a roundish bright patch of nebulosity ~12' in diameter. The Pelican is located directly west of the North American Nebula and part of the same huge complex of nebulosity in this region (separated by the dark cloud LDN 935).
13.1" (9/3/83): the entire body of the "Pelican" is easily visible at 62x and a UHC filter. The "head and neck" section is easy to view along with the fainter "bill" and a long body extending from head. Located west of the North America Nebula in a rich field between two mag 7 stars.
8" (6/22/81): faint, surrounding scattered group of stars at 50x and UHC filter. Appears as a bright patch to the west of two bright stars (neck section).
Reverend Thomas Espin discovered IC 5070, along with IC 5068, visually on 7 Sep 1899 with a 17 1/4-inch Calver reflector at his Tow Law observatory in England. The discovery was included in a short list of 6 new objects (including the Cocoon Nebula) in AN 3633 and noted as "faint and diffused". His position corresponds with the "neck" of the Pelican, the brightest part of the nebula, so the identification is certain.
Max Wolf photographed the region surrounding the North
American Nebula on 1 Jun 1891 (AN 3048) on a 3 hour plate. He gives a
general description of the region with no specific positions, though mentions
strong nebulosity was recorded around the stars 56 and 57 Cygni, which are
involved in the Pelican Nebula.
So, certainly it was captured on his early image. Espin is credited with the discovery in
the
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21 01 19.7 -72 38 34; Pav
V = 12.5; Size 3.4'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 17°
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; moderately bright and
large, very elongated 5:1 or 6:1 SSW-NNE, 1.5'x0.25', small brighter elongated
core, low surface brightness outer extensions. Appears slightly brighter on the northern extension (perhaps
a HII knot?). A mag 13.3 star is
off the western flank of the northern end of the galaxy [0.9' from center] and
a 25" pair of mag 13.2/14 stars is close northeast of the northern tip of
the galaxy [2.1' from center].
Forms a pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5071 = D.S. 699 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 26 Sep 1900. He noted "cB, S, extremely elongated at 20°, stell N."
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IC 5073 = ESO 047-021 = PGC 65992
21 03 19.9 -72 41 16; Pav
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 14.1
30" (10/18/17 - OzSky): at 264x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 24" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. Using averted vision, a very low surface brightness halo [a pair of narrow spiral arms on DSS] doubled the diameter. Forms a wide pair with IC 5071 9.5' WNW.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5073 = D.S. 701 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 26 Sep 1900. He noted "eF, S, R."
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20 55 54 +47 25; Cyg
Size 9'x6'
17.5" (10/24/92): fairly faint, fairly large, 4'
diameter. Extends west of mag 5.7
13.1" (8/25/84): fairly faint, extends generally west of the mag 5.7 star although the border is irregular.
8" (8/28/81): mag 6 star surrounded by very faint reflection nebula at low power using a Daystar 300 filter.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5076 on 13 Sep 1895 while taking
a photograph of the "cluster"
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21 02 31.3 -16 49 06; Cap
V = 12.7; Size 4.1'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.2; PA = 85°
17.5" (8/11/96): very faint, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 WSW-ENE, low surface brightness. The view is severely hampered by a mag 12 star superimposed on the SW side of the galaxy. The extension following the star is easier to view, but still requires attention and could easily be passed over. The galaxy is sandwiched between a mag 12 star 1' SE and a brighter mag 11 star 1' NW.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5078 = DS 703 on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station on 26 Sep 1900. He noted "nebulous streak, nr middle * of 3, susp."
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21 04 39.5 -12 20 18; Aqr
V = 13.5; Size 2.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 14.5; PA = 30°
17.5" (7/8/89): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, weakly concentrated.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5082 = Big. 440 on 27 Aug 1886.
According to Harold Corwin, due to John Herschel's poor position for
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21 03 51.5 +11 45 49; Equ
Size 0.5'x0.5'
17.5" (11/25/00): faint, very small, round, 15"
diameter, faint but sharp stellar nucleus. Located 4' due west of mag 8.8
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5083 = Sw. 11-203 on 12 Aug 1896 and reported "eeeF; vS; p[receding] 8m * 13s same parallel; wide D * near n[orth]; ee diff." His position is 5' too far northwest, but his detailed description is a perfect match. Swift gave the discovery date as 1897 in his large 11th list, but it must have been found in 1896 as reported in his first Lowe Observatory list in 1896 AJ, 17. Howe measured an accurate micrometric position in 1898 or 1899 that was used in the IC2.
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21 08 32.0 -29 46 09; Mic
V = 12.8; Size 1.5'x1.5'; Surf Br = 13.6
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter. Evenly concentrated down to a faint stellar nucleus but there is no well-defined core region. Forms the west vertex of an isosceles triangle with two similar mag 12 stars 5.8' E and 4.0' NE.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5086 = Sw. 11-204 on 15 Jul 1890 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He wrote in his logbook, "1' S and 22' p a 8m star. 1/2' dia, R, indef, 12 1/2 mag. Not in NGC." His rough pointing position is 5' S of IC 5086 and the comment about the 8th mag star applies.
Lewis Swift possibly found this galaxy again on 15 Sep 1897
and recorded "eeF, pS, R, F * near f 90 degrees." His position is poor - 20' southwest of
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21 11 30.5 -02 01 57; Aqr
V = 13.5; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 26°
17.5" (8/8/02): fairly faint, very elongated 4:1
SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.25', increases to a brighter core. Forms a pair with MCG
+00-54-002 5.7' W. Located 7' N of
mag 7.7
Herbert Couper Wilson discovered IC 5090 visually on 8 Oct 1895 while searching for Comet Faye with the 16.2-inch Brashear refractor of the Goodsell Observatory in Minnesota. He remarked, "the nebula is very faint, very small and round, with a rather sharp condensation, 12m or 13m, in the center. He measured an accurate micrometric position using the mag 7.7 star 7' S.
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21 16 14.5 -64 27 53; Pav
V = 12.1; Size 2.9'x2.4'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 8°
30" (10/10/15 - OzSky): at 394x; IC 5092 has an unusual
appearance. It is moderately
bright and large, containing a central bar oriented E-W surrounded by a large
low surface brightness halo with a hint of spiral structure. Located 17' NW of mag 6.3
Royal Frost discovered IC 5092 = F. 1217 on a plate taken on 19 Sep 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the Bruce 24" photographic refractor. The galaxy was described as "pL, E, mbM."
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21 21 29.4 +21 14 28; Peg
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 173°
17.5" (7/26/95): very faint, fairly small, edge-on 6:1 N-S, 1.2'x0.2', no concentration. An unequal double star is 1.2' E and a brighter easy pair is 2.4' SSW. Located 4.6' S of mag 8.2 SAO 89645.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5104 = J. 3-1406 on 26 Oct 1897. His position was 2.6' too far south due to an error in the position of his reference star.
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21 24 22.0 -40 32 16; Mic
V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x1.6'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 40°
13.1" (10/20/84): faint, small, round, brighter core. Just visible continuously with direct vision.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5105 = Sw. 12-25 on 19 Aug 1897 and noted "vF, vS, R, * with dist. comp. n and s." His position is 5.4' too far south, but matches in RA. There are numerous stars around, so I don't know which stars he had in mind.
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21 30 43.4 -60 00 07; Ind
V = 13.1; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 49°
30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 394x; moderately bright, fairly small, 45" diameter, contains a bright elongated core that appears to be a bar, stellar nucleus. NGC 7059 lies 25' W.
Royal Frost discovered IC 5110 = F. 1219 on a plate taken on 19 Sep 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station using the Bruce 24" photographic refractor.
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21 34 07.6 -36 39 12; Gru
V = 12.9; Size 2.1'x1.7'; Surf Br = 14.1; PA = 86°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5114 = Sw. 11-206 on 9 Jul 1897 and wrote "eF; pS; R; e[xtremely] wide D * f[ollows] 30 s." There is nothing near his position, which is roughly 2 minutes of time west and 3.5' south of NGC 7091 (see for problems on its position). Swift's description applies to this galaxy, though, with the two stars (1.2' separation) rougly 30 seconds of time following. So, despite his poor position (very common in his last two lists), IC 5114 is likely NGC 7091.
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21 31 37.6 +11 49 54; Peg
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (7/28/19): at 322x; very similar view as previous described. Visible with direct vision and not difficult to hold continuously.
24" (10/6/18): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
~25" diameter, very small bright nucleus. The galaxy forms a right angle with a mag 14 star 0.8' W and
a mag 14.5 star 1.3' SSE. This
compact CGCG is situated just 32' SE of the center of
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5115 = Sw. 11-205 on 12 Sep 1896
and wrote, "eeF; vS; faint * near f; not [NGC]7068." There is nothing at his position but
nearly 30 seconds of RA east is
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21 32 31.0 +44 35 48; Cyg
V = 11.5; Size 2.5"
8" (9/24/22): very nice appearance with the 8" mask. At 95x, the mag 11.5 PN forms a "double" with a brighter 10th mag star just 22" east. Adding a NPB filter yields a significant contrast gain and the PN appears noticeably brighter than the reference star, gaining well over 2 magnitudes in comparison. At 225x and 325x, IC 5117 displayed a blue-grey color, but was still virtually stellar.
14.5" (7/23/22): easily identified at 158x in a rich Milky Way star field by blinking with a narrowband NPB filter. At this power it was stellar (mag 11.5) but had a light blue color and formed a wide double with a relatively bright mag 10 star at 22" separation. Excellent contrast boost with the filter. Increasing to 660x, the planetary was just non-stellar [under 3"], particularly with averted vision, which showed a tiny halo better.
24" (8/8/21): identified at 200x as a blue "star" that forms a wide pair with a brighter mag 10 star close following [21" ENE]. Adding a UHC filter, IC 5117 appeared brighter than the star. A 12" pair of mag 13/14 stars is 40" N. At 260x, IC 5117 seemed soft and I noticed a faint star about 10" W of the mag 10 star (closer to the PN). At 375x, a very small blue disc, 2"-3", was resolved. Also viewed at 500x and 1000x as the seeing was excellent. IC 5117 is located 28' SE of mag 6.8 HD 204918.
18" (11/17/08): picked up at 175x in a rich star field by blinking with an OIII filter. Excellent contrast gain using the filter. Forms the fainter component (V = 11.5) of a "double star" with a mag 10 star 21" ENE, but with the filter the planetary dominates the star. Interestingly, there is similar double (Es 1339 = 10.8/11.5 at 24") in terms of separation and position angle ~3' NE! Without a filter at 175x, IC 5117 has a soft, bluish appearance. Using 450x, a very small 2" disc was clearly visible but it was too small to resolve any structure.
13.1" (8/7/85): appears as mag 11.5 "star" without a filter. Forms a 20" double with a mag 10 star just east. Using an OIII filter the planetary is brighter than the star by one magnitude (contrast gain of roughly 2.5 magnitudes).
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 5117 = Fleming 104 in 1905 while examining objective-prism photographs of the Henry Draper Memorial. She commmented "Bright lines. Gaseous Nebula" in the 1905 Harvard College Observatory Circular No. 98 ("Stars Having Peculiar Spectra") and noted "this object is exceedingly faint." Thomas Espin made several visual observations in 1911 with his 17.25-inch Calver reflector and the "nebula was thought to show a tiny disc."
Based on Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported IC 5117 was "indistinguishable from a star on the Crossley negatives, but shown to have a minute disk visually with the 36-inch refractor."
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21 41 19.9 -63 54 29; Ind
V = 11.9; Size 2.0'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 130°
See observing notes for
Royal Frost found IC 5121 = F. 1221 on an Arequipa plate taken 19 Sep 1903 and recorded "planetary, stellar, 13 magn." There is nothing at his postion but exactly 30' N is NGC 7096. NED, SIMBAD, Southern Galaxy Catalogue, and ESO equate IC 5121 with NGC 7096. Jenni Kay questions this identification (e-mail 20 Aug 1998 and in Deep Sky Observer #159 in 2012), as the description for IC 5121 doesn't seem appropriate. See Corwin's comments.
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21 39 45.9 -22 24 23; Cap
V = 15.4; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 55°
18" (8/9/10): extremely faint, very small, round,
12" diameter, requires averted vision. Located 4' NNW of
18" (8/11/07): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter, requires averted vision. Located 4.2' NNW of NGC 7103 in cluster ACO S963.
17.5" (10/13/90): extremely faint, very small, round,
cannot hold steadily with averted.
Faintest of four in ACO S963 and forms the west vertex of an equilateral
triangle with NGC 7103 4.2' SSE and
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5122 = Ho. II-13 on 17 Sep 1898
and noted "vF, eS. Near [NGC]
7103 and 7104." He added a
note "No. 13 is in the same field with 7103, 7104, and [
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21 41 50.2 -52 46 25; Ind
V = 13.4; Size 0.8'x0.7'; Surf Br = 12.5
25" (10/10/15 - OzSky): at 244x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, weak
concentration.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5125 = DS 723 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, eS, R, bM."
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21 39 44.7 +06 17 10; Peg
V = 13.5; Size 1.7'x1.1'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 153°
See observing notes for
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5127 = Big. 338 on 27 Oct 1894. There is nothing at his position. But Harold Corwin and Courtney Seligman re-reduced his position based on an accurate coordinates of his offset star (BD+5 4837). The resulting position is just 5 seconds of RA east of NGC 7102, resulting in IC 5127 = NGC 7102. But, Corwin mentions that "he dates his three measurements to the same night on which he made three measurements of NGC 7102 (these reduce to the correct position)." So, this requires Bigourdan to have measured the same object twice, once assuming it was new.
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21 47 25.3 -34 53 01; PsA
V = 12.3; Size 1.4'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.9
17.5" (7/16/93): fairly faint, small, round, small
bright core, stellar nucleus.
Situated at the midpoint on a line connecting two stars mag 13.5 and
14.5 separation 3.0' oriented SW-NE.
1st of 3 with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5131 = Sw. 11-207, along with IC 5135 = NGC 7130, on 17 Sep 1897 and noted "vF; vS; R." His position is 5.4' too far southwest, roughly the same offset as XI-208 = IC 5135 and XI-209 = NGC 7135. Herbert Howe measured an accurate micrometric position (given in the IC2) in 1898-99.
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21 42 40.3 +66 10 07; Cep
Size 1'
18" (10/29/11): faint, small glow surrounding a mag 12
star about 4' NNW of the main section of
17.5" (10/17/98): IC 5132 and IC 5133 refers to faint nebulosity surrounding a pair of mag 12 stars at 1' separation situated ~5' NNW of NGC 7129 (same complex of reflection nebulae). It was difficult to verify with certainty as the background sky around six stars arranged in two parallel rows each ~2' in length appears to be weakly glowing. IC 5132 and 5133 are surrounding the two stars closest to NGC 7129 and the background glow does appear very slightly enhanced around these stars.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5132 and 5133 on a photograph
taken 25 Sep 1895 of NGC 7129. He noted "there are three stars, each about
13th magnitude, surrounded by very faint nebulosity in the positions following,
measured from the centre of the tristellar nucleus of the nebula: (1) 358"
north following; (2) 326" north preceding; (3) 277" north
preceding. The stars Nos. 2 and 3
are not referred to in Dr. Dreyer's catalogues, and the measurements given
above are approximate." His
offsets identify the two stars given here, although Dreyer's positions are
offset to the southwest. Roberts'
first object didn't make it into the IC as Dreyer apparently thought it was
identical to
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21 42 47.1 +66 10 51; Cep
Size 1'
18" (10/29/11): very faint, small glow surrounding a mag 12 star about 5' NNW of the main section of NGC 7129. IC 5132, a slightly brighter glow and central star lies 1' SW.
17.5" (10/17/98): IC 5132/5133 are very weak nebulae surrounding mag 12 stars ~5' NNW.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5133 and 5132 on a photograph taken 25 Sep 1895 of NGC 7129. See comments for IC 5132.
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21 42 58.6 +66 06 10; Cep
See observing notes for NGC 7129.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5134 = Big. 339 on 15 Oct 1895 and noted "star, which appears accompanied by nebulosity located especially opposite 7129." His position and description clearly applies to the nebulosity around the brightest southern star, as he thought NGC 7129 only applied to one of the northern patches. So, IC 5134 is technically part of NGC 7129.
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21 48 19.5 -34 57 06; PsA
V = 12.1; Size 1.5'x1.4'; Surf Br = 12.7
17.5" (8/6/97): moderately bright, moderately large, round, ~1.5' diameter. Well concentrated with a prominent core and much fainter halo. NGC 7135 lies 19' ENE.
17.5" (7/16/93): moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated ~N-S, large bright core. Appears to have a knot or star superimposed at the north edge. Second of three with NGC 7135 19' ENE and IC 5131 11' NW.
13.1" (8/5/83): faint, small, round, NGC 7135 in field 19' ENE.
Lewis Swift found IC 5135 = Sw. 11-208 on 17 Sep 1897 and reported
"vF; pL; R; sp of 2 [with Sw. 11-209 = NGC 7135]; not 7130 or
7135." His position is 4.5'
SW of NGC 7130 (John Herschel made a 30' error in declination), close enough
that Howe was able to find it in 1898-99 and measure an accurate position (used
in the
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21 49 45.6 -34 52 33; PsA
V = 11.7; Size 3.0'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 47°
See observing notes for NGC 7135.
Lewis Swift found IC 5136 = Sw. 12-27 on 15 Sep 1897 and reported "eeF, S, R, wide D * points to it, sev pB st sf and np." There is nothing near his position. Harold Corwin suggests that Swift found NGC 7135, which is 1.2° south of his position and 1 minute of RA east. I don't see what stars he had in mind, though, for the "wide D *" that points to the galaxy. He found the galaxy again just 2 nights later and reported Sw. 11-209 as "eeF; pL; R; 3 B st form a triangle; nf of 2 [with IC 5135 = NGC 7130]." Herbert Howe reexamined the field in 1899 and realized Swift's #209 was identical to NGC 7135, so Dreyer didn't assign another IC desigation.
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21 50 25.6 -30 59 41; PsA
V = 12.3; Size 2.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 33°
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.5', weakly concentrated. A faint star appears is attached at the NE end (just visible on DSS).
17.5" (7/25/95): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.5', fairly high surface brightness, broad concentration to a brighter core. There appears to be an extremely faint star or knot at the NE end. Bracketed by two mag 14.5 stars 2' NE and two similar stars 2' SW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5139 = Sw. 12-28 on 18 Aug 1897 and noted "vF, S, lE." His RA is 16 seconds too large, actually a fairly close match considering his very poor positions during his last summer of observing.
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21 56 09.7 -49 31 19; Ind
V = 12.2; Size 2.2'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 4°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5143 = Sw. 11-210 on 17 Sep 1897 and logged "eeF; pS; R; in line with 2 9m st[ars]." There is nothing at his position, but 28' S is NGC 7155 and Harold Corwin comments that Swift's description of the two 9th mag stars clinches the identification. So, IC 5143 = NGC 7155. There's confusion on the observation date; his second discovery list at Lowe Observatory (in Popular Astronomy) gives 27 Sep, but his large 11th list states September 17th. This galaxy is the most southerly that he recorded.
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21 54 09.5 +15 02 13; Peg
V = 14.3; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (8/12/15): at 375x; faint, small, round, 18" diameter. A mag 15 star is just 24" SE of center. Easily picked up, though not plotted as a "star" on the Megastar chart.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5144, along with
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IC 5145 = UGC 11844 = MCG +02-55-028 = CGCG 427-041 = WBL 674-003 = PGC 67619
21 54 23.1 +15 09 25; Peg
V = 13.4; Size 1.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 171°
24" (8/12/15): at 375x; moderately bright, elongated 5:3 ~N-S, 40"x24", contains a brighter, elongated core. A mag 14.5 star is 1.2' S. Brightest in a group (WBL 674) with IC 5144 8' SSW, CGCG 427-040 6.8' S and UGC 11845 8.5' SSE.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5145, along with IC 5144, on 30 Jul 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. It was found after comet-seeking "in the field and s.p. an 8th magnitude star [mag 7.7 HD 208277]." He notified Dreyer directly, so no discovery announcement was published before the IC was published. His position is 4.3' too far northwest, but shares the same offset with IC 5144.
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21 53 24 +47 16; Cyg
Size 12'x12'
17.5" (8/8/91): at 82x using an H-Beta filter, the Cocoon Nebula appears fairly bright, very large, about 10' diameter. Surrounds six stars including mag 9.7 BD+46 3474 at the center and similar BD+46 3475 at the south edge. Has an irregular round shape with a very uneven surface brightness with dark mottling and brighter regions. The nebula is quite prominent using an H-Beta filter, which gives an excellent contrast gain (higher than OIII). The nebulous glow is superimposed on a scattered star group and is situated at the east end of long dark lane = B168 which extends 1° WNW! (excellent in binoculars). There is a distinctive edge to the Milky Way on the north edge of lane.
8" (8/12/83, Mt. Hamilton): about 20 stars over a very faint "milky" region, fairly large, just slightly higher contrast than Milky Way background. A short arc of stars is off the west edge. A long starless dark lane extends west. Two bright stars oriented N-S are just east.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5146 = Cocoon Nebula on a
photograph taken 11 Oct 1893 using the 6" Willard lens at Lick
Observatory. Max Wolf also
photographed the field on 28 Jul 1894 with the 6-inch camera at Königstuhl. Wolf announced his discovery with a
photograph taken on 10 Jul 1904 and discussed the dark lane (
Mary Clerke, who was in correspondence with Wolf at the time, includes Wolf's 1904 photograph (plate XX) in her second edition (1905) of "The System of the Stars". She labeled the photograph "The Cocoon Nebula in Cygnus" and writes (p. 352) "The depicted nebula, which had been discovered ten years previously, is about 10' in diameter, of a round shape, and a complex structure. "It is placed centrally," Dr. Wolf writes, "in a very fine lacuna void of faint stars, which surrounds the luminous cloud like a trench." Moreover, this negative "halo forms the end of a long channel, running eastward from the western nebulous clouds and their lucanae, to a length of more the two degrees." The coexistence in the same sidereal district of nebulae and stars could not well be asserted with stronger emphasis than by clearly of a dark fosse for the accommodation of the cocoon-like object in Plate XX." I tracked down the nickname after a discussion on AMASTRO in August 2015.
The Reverend Thomas Espin discovered the nebula visually on 13 Aug 1899 and described object #6 in AN [3633] 152, 141 as a "large, faint glow about 8', well seen each night [2]." Espin and Wolf is credited with the discovery in the IC.
Dave Riddle notes that
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21 59 35.1 -39 23 08; Gru
V = 11.0; Size 120"
48" (10/23/14): beautiful, large annular planetary at 375x, round, roughly 2' diameter, with a relatively thick annulus and a 30" central dark hole. Contains an obvious central star, which seemed quite easy for mag 16.3-16.5. The annulus appeared mottled and irregular in brightness. A 60° arc along the NW portion of the annulus is slightly brighter and a 90° arc from SE to NE is much brighter and a little thicker. A mag 10.5 star is off the SSW side (1.9' from center), but no superimposed stars were seen.
18" (8/30/08): viewed from Lake Sonoma at a very low elevation, though in a dark portion of the southern sky. Beautiful view at 115x using an OIII filter as a 2' annular ring with a relatively thick rim and 30" central hole. A mag 10.5 star is close off the SSW side (1.8' from the center).
18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x and UHC filter, this beautiful planetary appears as a large round ring, nearly 2' diameter, with a bright, thick annulus that is irregularly lit. The rim is slightly brighter and thicker along the SE side and also appeared slightly enhanced on the NW side. The central hole appears 25"-30" diameter and is dark except for a central star that was intermittently visible with averted vision at 228x unfiltered, although the catalogued magnitude is 16.5! Good contrast enhancement with a UHC filter. A mag 10.5 is off the SSW side, 1.8' from the center.
17.5" (10/30/99): Even at -39° declination, this moderately large planetary is a beautiful annular ring at 100x with an OIII filter. Appears round, ~100" diameter, the annulus has an irregular surface brightness. The central "hole" is perhaps 25" in diameter and fairly dark. A mag 10.5 star is close off the SSW edge.
17.5" (8/20/88): perfect annular 2' ring visible at 82x using an OIII filter. A mag 10.5 star is just off the SSW edge 1.8' from the center. The ring-shape is clearly visible with direct vision.
17.5" (7/22/87): beautiful ring at 140x with an OIII filter. Appears fairly large, fairly bright with a mag 11 star off the S edge.
13.1" (8/17/85): fairly faint with OIII at 79x, fairly large. Appears clearly annular with averted vision. The central hole is possibly elongated N-S. A mag 11 star is off the S edge.
Lewis Swift found IC 5148 = Sw. 12-29 on 23 Jul 1897 on Echo Mountain in Southern California. He described it as "vF, L, lE, 2 B st point to it, nearest in contact." Swift's position was 30 seconds of RA too small.
This relatively bright PN was discovered previously by the
prominent Australian amateur Walter Gale on 4 Jun 1894 with the 8.5-inch
refractor at the Sydney Observatory.
Gale's discovery was announced in the Journal of the British
Astronomical Association and assigned
In the Jun 1986 Sky & Telescope, Dennis di Cicco described it as "... a real showpiece... With 280X and a UHC-filter, the 24" in Hawaii showed IC 5148 to be an exquisite giant ring, irregular with a dark centre and a 15.5 central star. Steve Gottieb of Berkeley California, observed it with a 13"-reflector and an O-III filter. He could view the nebula with direct vision and detect the dark centre with averted vision."
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21 58 59.0 -27 24 50; PsA
V = 13.6; Size 1.2'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 33°
24" (9/6/18): fairly faint, elongated ~5:2 SW-NE,
~50"x20". Contains a
bright, round core. The galaxy is nearly colllinear with a mag 11.4 star 2.2'
NW and a mag 13 star is 3.7' NW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5149 = Sw. 12-30 on 8 Sep 1897 and reported "eF, S, R, 6 1/2 mag * same parallel follows 63s." His position is 4' too far northwest but his comment of a bright star 63 seconds of RA to the east clinches the identification. I'm surprised he missed ESO 466-024, which was in his same eyepiece field.
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IC 5150 = IC 5148 = PK 2-52.1 = ESO 344-5 = PN G002.7-52.4 = Spare Tyre Nebula
21 59 35.1 -39 23 08; Gru
V = 11.0; Size 120"
48" (10/23/14): beautiful, large annular planetary at 375x, round, roughly 2' diameter, with a relatively thick annulus and a 30" central dark hole. Contains a very easy central star, which seemed brighter than mag 16.5. The annulus was mottled and irregular in brightness. A 60° arc along the NW portion of the annulus was slightly brighter and a 90° arc from SE to NE was much brighter and a little thicker. A mag 10.5 star is off the SSW side (1.9' from center), but there are no superimposed stars.
18" (8/30/08): viewed from Lake Sonoma at a very low elevation, though in a dark portion of the southern sky. Beautiful view at 115x using an OIII filter as a 2' annular ring with a relatively thick rim and 30" central hole. A mag 10.5 star is close off the SSW side (1.8' from the center).
18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 171x and UHC filter, this beautiful planetary appears as a large round ring, nearly 2' diameter, with a bright, thick annulus that is irregularly lit. The rim is slightly brighter and thicker along the SE side and also appeared slightly enhanced on the NW side. The central hole appears 25"-30" diameter and is dark except for a central star that was intermittently visible with averted vision at 228x unfiltered, although it is listed with a magnitude of 16.5! Good contrast enhancement with a UHC filter. A mag 10.5 is off the SSW side, 1.8' from the center.
17.5" (10/30/99): Even at -39° declination, this moderately large planetary is a beautiful annular ring at 100x with an OIII filter. Appears round, ~100" diameter, the annulus has an irregular surface brightness. The central "hole" is perhaps 25" in diameter and fairly dark. A mag 10.5 star is close off the SSW edge.
17.5" (8/20/88): perfect annular 2' ring visible at 82x using an OIII filter. A mag 10.5 star is just off the SSW edge 1.8' from the center. The ring-shape is clearly visible with direct vision.
17.5" (7/22/87): beautiful ring at 140x with an OIII filter. Appears fairly large, fairly bright with a mag 11 star off the south edge.
13.1" (8/17/85): fairly faint with OIII at 79x, fairly large. Appears clearly annular with averted vision. The central hole is possibly elongated N-S. A mag 11 star is off the south edge. Similar view on 7/20/85.
Walter Gale, a prominent Australian amateur from Sydney, discovered IC 5150 on 4 Jun 1894 with his 8.5-inch With reflector at Paddington. The discovery was reported in the Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Vol VI, No. 5 (p 218) in 1895. He described it as just visible in a 6-inch reflector and a 5-inch refractor. Using his new 10-inch reflector, he carefully estimated the size as 45"x35" N-S, with the central vacancy less than half the diameter and not entirely dark. He also commented it was remarkable that such a relatively bright object was overlooked by John Herschel. Gale notified Pietro Baracchi, who observed it with the 48-inch Great Melbourne Telescope and called it "...ring nebula, almost circular, 1.5' +/- in diameter; the center is not completely free of nebulosity."
Lewis Swift independently found this planetary on 23 July 1897 on Echo Mountain in southern California and recorded Sw. 12-29 (later IC 5148) as "vF, L, lE, 2 B st point to it, nearest in contact." Swift's position was 30 seconds of RA too small. By priority, the proper designation should be IC 5150 (from Gale), although it is generally known as IC 5148 or IC 5148-50.
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22 02 41.9 -51 17 44; Ind
V = 10.6; Size 5.2'x3.2'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 100°
11" (8/8/04 - Haleakala Crater): at 127x appeared
moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 ~E-W, roughly 2.5'x1.3', broad
weak concentration to a slightly brighter core. A 7.7-magnitude star (
18" (7/6/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this nearby Irregular galaxy (probably just outside the Local Group) was viewed at 171x and 228x. It appeared bright, large, elongated 2:1 ~WNW-ESE, ~3'x1.5'. A mag 7.9 star (HD 209142) is perched on the NW end and detracts from viewing. It's very surprising that John Herschel missed this galaxy as it is quite large and relatively prominent. Gradually concentrated to a brighter 45" core.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5152 = DS 732 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, cL, considerably elongated at 150°, considerably brighter middle." This galaxy is often listed as a Local Group member though is likely outside the Local Group.
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22 03 14.9 -33 50 18; PsA
V = 12.6; Size 2.2'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 175°
18" (7/21/04): fairly faint to moderately bright,
moderately large, elongated 5:2 N-S, 1.4'x0.5', brighter core and fairly easy
stellar nucleus. A wide pair of
mag 12/13 stars lies 7'-8' E.
Forms a pair with
13.1" (10/20/84): faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, weakly concentrated.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5156 = Sw. 12-32 on 16 Oct 1897 and reported "pF, pS, R, in vacancy." His position is just 2' too far north, unusually accurate for his last summer of observing at age 77.
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22 03 27.0 -34 56 31; PsA
V = 12.7; Size 1.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5" (9/23/95): fairly faint but surprisingly bright for an IC galaxy at a fairly low elevation. Appears round, 1.2' diameter, even concentration to a small bright core and occasional stellar nucleus. Precedes a line (5' length) of three equally spaced mag 12-13 stars with the closest 2.6' NE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5157 = Sw. 12-31 = D.S. 735 on 26 Jul 1897 and reported "pB, pS; R; 3 st in line nr nf." His RA was 30 seconds too small, but the identification is certain based on his description of the 3 stars. DeLisle Stewart also found it on a plate taken at Harvard's Arequipa station in 1899 and measured a more accurate position (used in the IC2).
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22 03 04.8 +10 55 29; Peg
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 21°
18" (8/8/10): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated
~N-S, ~27"x20". Exhibits
a weak, even concentration to the center but no core or zones. Located 16' E of mag 6.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5160 = J. 3-1412 on 15 Oct
1903 and measured an accurate position.
UGC reverses the declinations of IC 5160 and NGC 7190. NED comments that "often incorrectly
called NGC 7190; that is
******************************
22 09 16.3 -27 43 50; PsA
V = 14.8; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 168°
24" (8/1/19): at 260x; faint, moderately large,
extremely thin edge-on, nearly 10:1 NNW-SSE, ~0.9'x0.1', can hold steadily with
averted. Forms an equilateral
triangle with two mag 14.5/14.8 stars 1.7' NE and ESE. Located 5' NNE of
ESO 467-011, located 5.6' SW of NGC 7214, was a threshold object and popped a couple of times at 220x as a thin edge-on, ~5:1 NW-SE.
18" (9/3/05): extremely faint, small, thin edge-on streak NNW-SSE, 0.4'x0.1'. Only visible when the seeing settled down.
17.5" (10/13/90): extremely faint, small, edge-on NNW-SSE, can just hold steadily with averted. Located 5.1' NNE of NGC 7214 in HCG 91.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5168 = Sw. 11-211 on 31 Aug 1897
and reported in his 11th discovery list, "eeF; vS; vE; [right] Δ with 2 F
st." In his earlier third
discovery list from Lowe, he also noted the 2 faint stars were near
south-following. His position
falls near the southeast tip of ESO 467-011, a faint edge-on, which all sources
(ESO, MCG, PGC, NED, HyperLEDA, SIMBAD) take as IC 5168 based on the very good
positional match. But there aren't
two faint stars close southeast matching his description or in any other
direction that he likely would have seen.
Instead, in Aug 2019 I proposed to Harold Corwin that
ESO 467-011 was found on a plate taken between 1914-1916 with the 30" Reynolds reflector at the Helwan Observatory. It was reported as #242 in a list of 256 new nebulae published in 1921 and described as "pF, 1' long, spindle, mE 170°, little brighter in the middle."
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22 10 10.0 -36 05 19; PsA
V = 12.7; Size 1.9'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 22°
24" (9/7/18): fairly faint, fairly large, very
elongated 4:1 SSW-NNE, lens shaped, 1.2'x0.3', contains a brighter bulging core
(Seyfert 2 galaxy). Mag 8.8 HD
210321 is 7' NNE and mag 7.4
Deslisle Stewart discovered IC 5169 = D.S. 737 on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa Station. He described it as "eF, eS, stell N, spir or oval".
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22 10 56.7 -46 04 53; Gru
V = 12.6; Size 3.0'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 158°
30" (10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; fairly bright, fairly
large, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 2.0'x0.4'.
The northwest end of the galaxy seems fainter than the southeast, or
perhaps the dimmer outer portion extends further. A mag 12.3 star is 2' SE and two additional mag 12.5 and
13.5 stars are 4' and 5' SE, respectively.
Joseph Lunt discovered IC 5171 visually in 1900 while searching for Brorsen's Comet with the 18-inch f/15 Grubb refractor of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. His RA is nearly 30 seconds too large, but the identification is certain.
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22 12 48.2 -38 07 39; Gru
V = 13.6; Size 1.4'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 94°
24" (10/1/16): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 E-W,
24"x12", contains a very small brighter nucleus. A mag 10.4 star is 50" SW. Forms an interacting pair with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5175 = DS 739, along with IC 5174, on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station. He noted "eF, eS, R, bM."
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22 14 52.9 -66 51 28; Tuc
V = 12.5; Size 4.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 29°
25" (10/10/15 - OzSky): at 318x; excellent narrow edge-on ~10:1 SSW-NNE! Contains a large, bright, very elongated core that bulges very slightly near the center. The extensions taper near the tips, reaching a size of ~2.5'x0.25'.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5176 = DS 741 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "vF, S, extremely elongated at 30°, * n[orth]." The position angle is erroneously stated as 151° (supplement of 29°) in the PGC and RC3.
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22 12 33.4 -22 57 15; Aqr
V = 14.0; Size 1.0'x0.8'; PA = 90°
24" (10/2/21): at 260x and 375x; between faint and
fairly faint, diffuse, ~0.6' diameter (slightly larger than
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5178 on 20 Oct 1897 with the 20" Clark refractor in Denver. He noted that it followed NGC 7220 by 63 seconds of time.
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22 16 09.1 -36 50 37; Gru
V = 11.8; Size 2.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 57°
17.5" (9/23/95): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 2.0'x1.0', broad concentration to a large brighter core. Unusually bright for an IC galaxy. Forms the north vertex of a triangle with a mag 10 star 4.6' SW and a mag 11 star 5.8' SSE.
Lewis Swift found IC 5179 = Sw. 12-33 on 26 Jul 1897 and
reported "vF, L, R, * close S, B * sp". There is nothing at his position but 3 minutes of time
further east is
This galaxy was correctly identified in the Helwan Observatory Bulletin for 1935, despite the very poor position, and described as "1.5'x0.5', E 65°, spiral of the "S" type, with pF central region 1'x 0.25', lE 40°, no nucleus, very little absorption and condensation on the preceding side."
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22 11 12.0 +38 55 37; Lac
V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5" (7/30/92): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1
~N-S, gradually increases to a very small bright core, stellar nucleus. Located in a rich star field. Brighter of a pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5180 = Big. 345 on 21 Sep 1890. His position is accurate. MCG doesn't label +06-48-012 as IC 5180.
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IC 5181 = ESO 289-001 = LGG 455-001 = PGC 68317
22 13 21.7 -46 01 03; Gru
V = 11.5; Size 2.6'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.2; PA = 74°
30" (10/9/15 - OzSky): at 394x; very bright, large,
very elongated 4:1 WSW-ENE, 2.0'x0.5', narrow lens shape, sharply concentrated
with a small, intense core. NGC
7232A lies 8.2' NNE and IC 5171 is 25' WSW. IC 5181 is a member of the
13.1" (8/11/85 and 8/18/85): at 166x; moderately
bright, elongated spiral with bulging brighter core and fainter extensions
SW-NE. Located 14' SSW of mag 7.6
Joseph Lunt discovered IC 5181 visually around 1900, during
a search for Brorsen's Comet with the 18-inch f/15 Grubb refractor at the Royal
Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope.
IC 5181 is generally attached to
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IC 5183 = IC 5179 = IC 5184 = ESO 405-005 = MCG -06-48-031 = PGC 68455
22 16 09.1 -36 50 37; Gru
V = 11.8; Size 2.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 57°
See observing notes for
See IC 5179.
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IC 5184 = IC 5179 = IC 5183 = ESO 405-005 = MCG -06-48-031 = PGC 68455
22 16 09.1 -36 50 37; Gru
V = 11.8; Size 2.3'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 57°
See observing notes for NGC 5179.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5184 = Sw. 12-35 on 19 Jul 1897
and recorded "pF, pS, lE, bet 2 st in meridian, 8 1/2m star sp, np of 2
[with
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IC 5186 = ESO 405-007 = MCG -06-49-001 = PGC 68548
22 18 46.5 -36 48 06; Gru
V = 11.9; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 112°
17.5" (7/20/96): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, broad concentration. Located 1.7' E of a mag 12 star (appeared mag 13). The outer halo (not seen) changes orientation of the major axis.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5186 = Sw. 12-36 on 19 Jul 1897 and recorded "eeF, S, R, F * nr p[receding], 8m * np, sf of 2 [with IC 5184]." His position is a close match with IC 5179 = IC 5183 = IC 5184, but his description doesn't match the surrounding star field. ESO 405-007 is 2.5 minutes of RA east and 2.5' north of Swift's position but a much better fit in description. Swift's positions were generally very poor in his last two lists, so the large discrepancy in RA is not unusual. DeLisle Stewart is also credited in the IC, but he picked up IC 5179 on a Harvard plate taken at Arequipa in 1899.
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22 15 02.5 +37 18 01; Lac
Size 1.0'x0.2'; PA = 67°
24" (8/13/15): first in the
17.5" (7/15/93): first of 7 in the NGC 7242 group. Very faint, small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE. Located near the intersection of two collinear rays of stars. A mag 11 star is 1.7' NE at the intersection point. Located 7.4' W of NGC 7242.
17.5" (7/28/92): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1
SW-NE. A mag 11 star is 1.5'
NE. First in the NGC 7242 group
and second brightest in a group with
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5191, along with
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IC 5192 = MCG +06-48-022 = PGC 68407
22 15 14.5 +37 16 18; Lac
Size 0.4'x0.2'
17.5" (7/15/93): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated. Second of seven in the NGC 7242 group and first of three in a close trio with NGC 7240 1.5' ENE and IC 1441 1.5' NNE. IC 5191 lies 2.8' NW. Photographs reveal three very faint stars are superimposed and these may have confused the observation or contributed to the observed glow.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5192, along with IC 5191 and
5193, on 5 Dec 1888 using the Lick 12-inch refractor. His field sketch matches
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22 15 43.6 +37 14 35; Lac
Size 0.3'x0.3'
17.5" (7/15/93): last of seven in the NGC 7242 group. Extremely faint and small, round. Forms the SE vertex of a small parallelogram with three mag 13 stars just preceding (sides are 1.3' by 0.8'). Located 3.4' SSE of NGC 7242.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5193, along with IC 5191 and
5192, on 5 Dec 1888. His field
sketch matches
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22 15 41.6 +37 18 10; Lac
Size 0.15'x0.15'
17.5" (7/15/93): appears as a mag 16 "star" superimposed at the northeast edge of NGC 7242. Visible with averted vision less than one-quarter of the time. I could not clearly distinguish if this object appeared nonstellar. Dreyer's IC description "0.5' S of 7242" is incorrect.
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5195 = Big. 449 on 16 Oct 1895. Bigourdan placed this object "toward PA = 45 deg [northeast], d = 0.5' with respect to NGC 7242". Dreyer mistakenly copied this into the IC description as "0.5' s[outh] of 7242". This is a remarkably faint galaxy to be discovered with a 12-inch scope. Malcolm Thomson notes that he could not decide if this object was nonstellar on the POSS and I couldn't decide it was non-stellar in my single 17.5" observation. Nevertheless, Bigourdan's offset does land on this galaxy.
Karl Reinmuth’s 1926 photographic survey “Die
Herschel-Nebel” has a rather detailed description of NGC 7242 with the comment
“eeeF small nebula north-following 0’.5, no nebula 0.5’ south of NGC 7242, IC
5195 ssf 3’.5.” So, Reinmuth
correctly noted the IC description was in error and mentions a nebula 0.5’ NE
where Bigourdan originally placed it, but misidentifies IC 5193 as IC 5195. CGCG identifies NGC 7242 as a double
system but doesn't list the companion as IC 5195. Also, the UGC note to
SIMBAD and HyperLEDA have no listing for IC 5195 and they misidentify PGC 68435 as a dim double star 1.7' NE of NGC 7242. NED correctly identifies IC 5195 = IV Zw 90 = PGC 68435 with the primary designation "NGC 7242 NED02". See Corwin's notes for more.
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22 20 57.4 -46 02 09; Gru
V = 10.6; Size 8.5'x3.9'; Surf Br = 14.3; PA = 33°
25" (10/21/17 - OzSky): at 244x; moderately bright, very large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, ~7.5'x3'. Strongly concentrated with a large elongated bar oriented SSW-NNE (over 1' in length) within a brighter core. The bar dominates a much fainter diffuse outer halo of low surface brightness. Still, there was a suggestion of spiral structure in the outer halo on the SSW and NNE ends.
A giant HII complex/OB association stood out on the SW side of the halo [1.5' SSW of center] as a small knot. It appeared fairly faint, roundish, 12"-15" diameter, stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus.
Located 19' WSW of mag 6.4 Pi-1 and 23' WSW of mag 5.6 mag Pi-2 Gruis. The pair is a nice binocular double at a wide 4' separation. Pi-1 is a red giant transitioning into a carbon star and a very unequal double star (mag 6.5/10.7 at 2.8").
Joseph Lunt discovered IC 5201 visually in 1900 during a search for Brorsen's Comet. He was observing with the 18-inch Grubb refractor of the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. Lunt's position was 22 seconds of RA too large and 2' too far south.
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22 30 59.9 -14 00 13; Aqr
V = 12.8; Size 2.0'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 160°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5204 = Sw. 11-212 on 8 Aug 1896 and
reported "vF, eE, a ray, p[receding] of 2." There is nothing near his position, but Harold Corwin
suggests this number is probably a duplicate of NGC 7300. Swift's "f[ollowing] of 2" is
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22 22 31.1 -18 52 11; Aqr
V = 13.0; Size 1.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.1
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 1.0'
diameter. With direct vision a
stellar nucleus is easily visible. Located 2.3' NNE of a mag 11 star. Forms a pair with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5210 = Sw. 11-214, along with IC
5211, on 8 Aug 1896 while searching for Comet 1889 V (Brooks). His description for XI-214 reads
"eF; S; near n[orth] of f[ollowing] * of 7 in line p and f; p of 2.",
which is a perfect match with
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IC 5211 = ESO 602-014 = MCG -03-57-005 = PGC 68695
22 22 43.0 -18 52 49; Aqr
V = 13.6; Size 1.1'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 161°
17.5" (8/6/97): faint, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.9'x0.6', weak concentration. Forms a pair with IC 5210 2.9' WNW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5211 = Sw. 11-213, along with IC 5210, on 8 Aug 1896 while searching for Comet 1889 V (Brooks). He recorded ""eeeF; vS; R; f[ollows] below star 15 seconds l s [?]; f of 2." Although his description is valid (except for the cryptic abbreviation) his position is 15 seconds of RA west of IC 5210, instead of east. Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99 that was used in the IC 2, though I've followed Swift's descriptions in assigning #213 to IC 5211.
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22 23 55.7 +50 58 01; Lac
V = 11.3; Size 8"x6"
8" (9/22/22): fairly easy to identify at 95x in a very rich star field just 2' N of a 10th mag star and 7' SE of a 7'-long gently curving string of 10-12th mag stars. A mag 7.4 star is 4' N of the northern tip of this string. Blinks strongly with a NPB filter in comparison to the nearby mag 10 star. Appears as a slightly fuzzy pale blue "star" at 175x and definitely non-stellar at 225x and 275x.
14.5" (7/27/22): identified at just 66x as a bluish "star" (slightly soft appearance) with an excellent contrast gain blinking with a NPB filter. An ideal 10th mag comparison star is just 1.8' S -- it's brighter than IC 5217 unfiltered, but fainter filtered. Definitely non-stellar increasing to 122x and 158x. At 660x, the small planetary was elongated 4:3 or 3:2 ~N-S, 6"-8" in diameter.
24" (8/8/21): immediately noticed at 200x appears as a fairly bright soft blue (non-stellar) glow. Excellent contrast gain with a UHC filter. At 260x, seen as a small, high surface brightness blue disk in a pretty star field. At 500x, IC 5217 seemed slightly elongated N-S and it was clearly extended ~8"x5" N-S at 750x and 1000x. The central star was not seen. A striking chain of ~10 stars mag 10-12 extending 7' SSW-NNE lies ~8' NW. The brightest star is at the south end of the chain.
18" (7/2/08): picked up easily at 174x as a "soft" mag 11.5 with a pale blue color. Good contrast gain blinking with an OIII filter. A brighter mag 10 comparison star lies 1.8' S but blinking with the filter the planetary switches apparent brightness with this star. At 435x, IC 5217 appeared as a 7"x5" blue disc, slightly elongated SSW-NNE. With direct vision, a slightly brighter quasi-stellar center was visible suggesting the central star was just below the threshold of visibility.
18" (12/08/07): picked up at 115x as a soft blue-grey "star". Good contrast gain using a NPB filter. Without a filter, a brighter mag 10 star lies to the south though with the filter the planetary matches the star. At 225x a definite small disc was visible, crisp-edged, round, ~6" diameter. The seeing was too soft to use high power.
13.1" (10/10/86): at 166x appears fairly bright but just non-stellar. Good contrast gain with OIII filter. A bright compact bluish disc is visible at 214x, slightly elongated. Estimate V = 11.5 and 5" diameter. Located 1.3° due south of mag 4.4 Beta Lac.
8" (11/5/82): stellar planetary at 100x, slightly fuzzy at 220x and an easy ellipse is visible at 400x.
Williamina Fleming discovered IC 5217 = Fleming 102 in 1904 (plate taken on Dec. 18, 1903) based on its emission spectrum. The remarks in Harvard Circular 76 notes "the spectrum of this faint gaseous nebula is superposed on that of +50°3007, magnitude 9.4, which is of Class A." Several visual observations were made by Thomas Espin in 1911 with his 17.25-inch Calver reflector and he estimated the size from 2.5" to 4" in diameter and "apparently elongated N and S."
Based on Crossley photographs taken at Lick, Heber Curtis (1918) reported "no central star can be distinguished. A bright oval about 7.5"x6" in a 5 min exposure; slightly larger and quite "square-shouldered" in the long exposure. Brighter along the middle, but no details of structure can be made out."
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22 32 08.1 -25 23 52; PsA
V = 12.5; Size 1.9'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 47°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5225 = Sw. 12-38 on 6 Oct 1897 and
reported, "eeF; pS; R; betw 2 stars; a dozen stars in margin of field
following, form semicircle, 4 st np a curve, one D, sp of 2 [should be np of 2,
with
Harold Corwin notes that "ESO suggested that I5225
might be
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IC 5226 = ESO 533-045 = MCG -04-53-010 = PGC 69097
22 32 30.2 -25 39 43; PsA
V = 12.6; Size 1.8'x1.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 36°
24" (7/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated, 1.2'x1.0', sharply concentrated with a very small brighter nucleus, low surface brightness halo. With careful viewing the core extended into a bar, elongated 2:1 SW-NE. A mag 14.3 star is at the northeast edge. NGC 7294 lies 16.6' NNW.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5226 = Sw. 12-39 on 6 Oct 1897 and
reported, "eeeF, pL, R, no * nr, trapezium, nf of 2 [with IC 5225 = NGC
7294]. There is nothing at his
position, but his RA for IC 5225 was 36 seconds of time too small (not an
unusual error at the end of his career at age 77). It's reasonable to assume a similar offset for IC 5226,
though there is nothing near this offset position. But Harold Corwin found that if Swift made another error of
exactly 1° in declination (too far north), this corrected position matches ESO
533-045. Furthermore, the nearest
star is about 4' away ("no * nr") and there are 4 stars to the
southeast (including two 9th magnitude) matching his comment
"trapezium". ESO, MCG
and PGC don't assign IC 5226 to
ESO 533-045 was discovered again on a plate taken between 1914-1916 with the 30" Reynolds reflector at the Helwan Observatory. It was reported as #248 in a list of 256 new nebulae published in 1921 and described as "F, pS, star surr. by atmosphere, another star 12 mag follows 40", edge of plate."
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IC 5228 = NGC 7302 = MCG -02-57-013 = PGC 69094
22 32 23.8 -14 07 14; Aqr
V = 12.3; Size 1.8'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 97°
See observing notes for NGC 7302.
Lewis Swift found IC 5228 = Sw. 11-215 on 8 Aug 1896 and reported "pB; pS; R; B * nr s; f of 2 [with IC 5204 = NGC 7300]." His position was just 2' west of NGC 7302 and the description fits, so the equivalence IC 5228 = NGC 7302 is certain. See IC 5204 for more as well as Corwin's comments.
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22 34 00.7 +23 20 19; Peg
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
18" (9/26/11): faint to fairly faint, small,
irregularly round, 20" diameter.
Has a relatively high surface brightness with a very small brighter
nucleus. Located 0.9° SW of NGC
7332/7339, a distinctive pair of edge-on galaxies.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5231 = J. 3-1418 on 9 Oct 1895. His micrometric position is accurate.
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22 41 25.5 -66 34 49; Tuc
Size 0.6'x0.4'; PA = 83°
30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; very faint, very
small, round, 15" diameter.
Nearly attached to a mag 15.5-16 star at its west edge. A mag 9.7 star lies 2' WNW. Forms a pair with brighter
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5235 = DS 761, along with IC 5236, on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eeF, bM."
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IC 5236 = ESO 109-014 = PGC 69503
22 41 30.1 -66 37 05; Tuc
Size 0.8'x0.4'; PA = 64°
30" (10/14/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.4'x0.3'. A mag 16.2 star is at the northwest edge. Brighter of a pair with IC 5235 2.3' NNW. Picked up 10.6' SE of NGC 7329.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5236 = DS 762, along with IC 5235, on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eF, eeS, considerably elongated at 60°, bM."
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22 42 18.1 -30 03 24; PsA
V = 12.3; Size 3.8'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.5; PA = 5°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5237 = Sw. 12-40 on 19 Jul 1897 and reported "eeeF; eeeS; eeeE; eee dif; a line. 8m * np." There is nothing at his position but 2.4 minutes of time further east is NGC 7361 and his description fits. Coincidentally, John Herschel's position was also 2 minutes of time too small. At age 77 Swift's positions were often very poor and he wasn't careful in checking prior discoveries, so the identification IC 5237 = NGC 7361 is nearly certain.
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22 31 07.2 -38 01 35; Gru
Size 1.2'x0.6'; PA = 54°
24" (9/7/18): at 225x; extremely faint, small, round, 18" diameter (core only seen). No other details were visible as I only glimpsed this galaxy with averted vision.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5239 = Sw. 11-216 on 7 Jul 1897 and wrote, "vF; pS; R." There is nothing anywhere near his position that he might have seen. The ESO and PGC label ESO 345-038 (an interacting pair) as IC 5239. Although this galaxy is only 2' from Swift's nominal position, Harold Corwin notes that this galaxy is much too faint to have been seen by Swift and I agree. He suggests that Swift made a 10 minute error in RA (too large) and that ESO 345-017 is IC 5239. Although a much better candidate, I feel this galaxy may still be too faint to have been noticed by Swift. Perhaps he picked up ESO 345-021, a brighter galaxy that is exactly 8 minutes of RA (west) from Swift's position.
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22 41 52.4 -44 46 02; Gru
V = 11.9; Size 2.8'x1.9'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 100°
48" (11/4/21): at 375x; bright, fairly large, slightly elongated E-W, with a prominent central region that included an obvious bar oriented E-W. The halo weakly brightened surrounding the bar forming a subtle oval ring. Three mag 15 stars are very close or involved: one is barely off the S side [0.9' from center] and two more to the NW - one just outside the ring [0.8' NW] and one embedded in the ring [38" WNW].
Increasing to 610x improved the view with a higher contrast to the bar. The ring was brighter just south of the east end of the bar and slightly weaker on the north and south side. The outer halo had a very low surface brightness.
18" (11/14/09): fairly faint, fairly small, bright core
appears to contain a brightening or bar ~E-W, 1.0'x0.8'. Surrounding the core is a faint, small
halo. Located 32' SSW of mag 6.1
The "bar" feature was verified afterwards on the DSS, which is surprising as the galaxy was very low in the sky.
William Henry Finlay discovered IC 5240 on 26 Dec 1886 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch equatorial refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. Lewis Swift independently discovered the galaxy on 8 Aug 1897 and logged "pF; pL; R; faint star near sf." Finlay's discovery wasn't published until 1898 and he credited Swift in his table of nebulae (MNRAS 58, 329), though Dreyer listed Finlay first in the IC.
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22 41 15.2 +23 24 25; Peg
V = 13.7; Size 0.8'x0.7'
18" (9/26/11): faint, fairly small, round, 0.4'. A mag
13.4 star is attached at the north end.
Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5242 = J. 3-1421, along with IC 5243, on 9 Nov 1896. His micrometric position is accurate.
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IC 5243 = UGC 12153 = MCG +04-53-011 = CGCG 474-021 = II Zw 185 = PGC 69495
22 41 24.6 +23 22 29; Peg
V = 14.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'
18" (9/26/11): faint, small, round, 20" diameter,
very small brighter nucleus.
Although listed as 0.8 mag fainter than IC 5242 (2.8' NW), IC 5243 has a
higher surface brightness but is slightly smaller. Located 2.2' NE of mag 9.4
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5243 = J. 3-1422, along with IC 5242, on 9 Nov 1896. His micrometric position is accurate.
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22 46 39.2 -64 53 55; Tuc
Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 151°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, moderately large, roundish, ~40" diameter. A mag 15.7 star is attached at the west
end. Situated within a group of
stars including an elongated group of 5 mag 12-13 stars to the north and east
and two mag 11 stars 7' WSW and SSW.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5246 = DS 765 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He simply noted "eF, eS."
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22 46 50.1 -65 16 26; Tuc
V = 14.0; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 124°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.2', broad weak concentration. A mag 14.5 star is 40" NE. Picked up 12' SE of NGC 7358 and 13' SSW of IC 5250, a prominent double system. Several other IC galaxies are in this group.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5247 = DS 766 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "vF, vS, vE at 125°, mbM."
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IC 5249 = ESO 109-021 = FGCE 1777 = RFGC 3998 = AM 2243-650 NED2 = PGC 69707
22 47 06.3 -64 49 55; Tuc
V = 13.7; Size 4.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 14.0; PA = 14°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, large, superthin galaxy! Stretches ~20:1 SSW-NNE, 3.0'x0.15', only a broad weak concentration towards the center with no distinct core or zones. A mag 15 star is very close to the northern tip [1.3' from center]. This is certainly one of the thinnest edge-on galaxies I have ever viewed. A 1' pair of mag 12.5 stars lies ~3' SW. IC 5249 is in a group with IC 5246 5' SW and IC 5250 (merged double) at 14' SSE.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5249 = DS 767 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eF, vS, eeE at 15°, very little brighter middle."
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IC 5250 = ESO 109-022 = AM 2244-651 = LGG 462-006 = PGC 69713 + 69714
22 47 20.4 -65 03 31; Tuc
V = 11.1; Size 3.0'x3.0'; Surf Br = 13.3
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; excellent merged pair
[centers separated by 33"] within a common halo! Both galaxies are bright, fairly small, high surface
brightness, and both contain very bright nonstellar nuclei. The merged system is elongated E-W with
the brighter galaxy (
James Dunlop discovered IC 5250 = D 255 = D.S. 768 on 5 Sep 1826 with his homemade 9-inch f/12 speculum reflector. He described a "small faint elliptical nebula in the parallel of the equator, about 25" long and 12" or 15" broad." His position is just 3' following this interacting pair of galaxies (similar in appearance to the Antennae). Interestingly, John Herschel discovered NGC 7358, which is just 11' SW, but apparently missed this galaxy, which is larger and brighter.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 5250 again on plates taken 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru, published a fairly accurate position and described "cB, S, R, F * f 0.5'." Stewart is credited with the discovery in the IC.
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22 51 31.6 +23 04 50; Peg
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x0.9'; PA = 104°
24" (9/23/22): relatively bright and very easily picked up at 200x, elongated 2:1 E-W, ~60"x30". Increasing to 325x, the core seems to extend at moments into a brighter major axis. A 40" pair of 11th mag stars is 8' SW, a mag 10 star is 5' S and a mag 8.7 star is 11' E.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5258 = J. 3-1425 on 26 Oct
1897. His position is 3.2' too far
south due to an error in the declination of his offset star (
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22 54 18.6 -39 18 54; Gru
V = 12.8; Size 1.5'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 2°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5260 = Sw. 12-41 on 19 Jul 1897 and reported "eeF; pS; R; 9m star nr sp; ee dif." There is nothing at his position and it was reported as "not found" on photographs taken at the Helwan observatory in Egypt in 1919-20.
It's possible that IC 5260 refers to
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22 54 25.2 -20 21 46; Aqr
V = 13.2; Size 1.5'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 135°
17.5" (8/6/97): faint, moderately large, round, 1.5'
diameter. Located 5' ENE of mag 9
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5261 = Sw. 11-218 on 11 Sep 1896
and wrote "eeeF; pL; R; f[ollows] 9m * 22 seconds; ee dif." His position is 8 seconds of time east
and 1.5' south of
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22 55 21.3 -33 53 29; PsA
V = 13.3; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 142°
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated
4:3 N-S, 0.9'x0.7'. A mag 12 star
lies 1.4' N and a mag 11 star 1.9' NE.
This is a double system with
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5262 = Sw. 12-42 on 22 Aug 1897
and logged "eeeF, pS, R, bet a * p and a wide D nf, 8m * f, ee dif, np of
2." Although Swift calls this
off the "north-preceding of 2" there is no listing in his table to
the southeast of IC 5262 and Corwin suggests Swift may be referring to
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22 56 53.0 -36 33 15; Gru
V = 12.6; Size 2.5'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 82°
24" (8/1/19): moderately bright, relatively large, thin
edge-on 6:1 WSW-ENE, brighter bulging core, thin extensions. Excellent contrast in galaxy types with
18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 WSW-ENE, ~1.5'x0.3'. Located 6.5' SW of IC 1459 in the Grus Chain.
17.5" (8/6/97): fairly faint, fairly large, edge-on 6:1 WSW-ENE, nearly 3.0'x0.5' in size. Appears as a long thin streak of nearly uniform surface brightness and slightly tapering towards the tips. Forms the fainter member of a pair with IC 1459 6' NNE.
17.5" (7/22/87): faint, moderately large, thin edge-on 5:1 WSW-ENE. A mag 14 star is off the east tip. Located 6' SSW of brighter IC 1459.
8" (8/1/19): at 107x and 174x; very faint, moderately large, ghostly streak but not difficult.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5264 = Sw. 11-219 on 15 Dec 1889. He found this galaxy while measuring IC 1459 (discovered 2 nights earlier) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. Barnard wrote in his logbook, "a small faint neb'y about 4' S and 1' p this neb [IC 1459]. Small and elong in parallel nearly [~E-W]." No accurate offsets were measured, but this clearly applies to IC 5264. As this entry was not published or passed along to Dreyer, Barnard never received discovery credit.
Lewis Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 10 Jun
1896 and described Sw. 11-219 (later IC 5264) as "vF; S; eeE; a ray; sp of
below st; sp of 2 [with IC 1459 = IC 5265]." His position is 0.2 min of RA too small and 3.5' too far
south (same error in dec as
Interestingly, earlier in March 1896 he wrote a short
article in Popular Astronomy titled "The Lowe Observatory" and
mentioned "Near some of Sir John Herschel’s southern nebulae I have
discovered several overlooked by him, notably, one between [
In a 1912 report on observations of nebulae made at the Helwan Observatory between 1909-1911, Harold Knox-Shaw reported - due to Swift's poor position - there was nothing at the position for IC 5264 on photos taken with the 30" reflector and reported it as new (possibly equivalent to IC 5264).
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IC 5265 = IC 1459 = ESO 406-030 = MCG -06-50-016 = PGC 70090
22 57 10.5 -36 27 45; Gru
V = 10.0; Size 5.2'x3.8'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 40°
See observing notes for IC 1459
Lewis Swift found IC 5265 = Sw. 11-220 on 16 Jun 1896 and reported "B, cL, R, betw 2 stars p and f; nf of 2 [with IC 5264]. There is nothing at his position but 25 seconds of RA west and 4' N is IC 1459 and the description matches. Swift mentioned his object "may possibly be = no. 1459 in Dreyer's Index Catalogue" in a footnote to his discovery list at Lowe Observatory. The date of his observation is unclear; the big 11th list gives 16 Jun 1896 but his first discovery at Lowe (in AJ) gives 2 Sep 1896. Corwin notes that Dreyer questioned if IC 5265 might be identical to NGC 7418, but it's not.
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22 58 20.8 -65 07 47; Tuc
V = 13.8; Size 1.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 33°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint to
moderately bright, fairly large, edge-on 6:1 SSW-NNE, 1.4'x0.25', weak
concentration with a bulging core.
In a group with
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5266 = DS 773 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "eF, vS, cE, stell N."
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22 57 13.6 -43 23 46; Gru
V = 10.5; Size 5.2'x3.9'; Surf Br = 13.7; PA = 140°
18" (11/14/09): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated
4:3 or 3:2 NNW-SSE. Contains a
relatively large, 1' bright core that gradually increases to a faint stellar
nucleus. A much fainter halo fades
gradually into the background, but appears to extend along the major axis for
roughly 2.5'x1.7'.
William Henry Finlay discovered IC 5267 on 26 Dec 1886 with either the 6-inch or 7-inch refractor at the Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope. Lewis Swift independently discovered the galaxy on 23 Sep 1897 and logged "pB; S; R; much brighter middle." His position was 3.5' too far south, but accurate in RA. Finlay's discovery (with no description) wasn't published until 1898 and he credited Swift in the table of nebulae (MNRAS 58, 329). Dreyer gave Finlay primary credit in the IC.
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22 57 43.6 -36 01 34; PsA
V = 12.2; Size 1.8'x0.8'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 51°
18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1
SW-NE, 40"x20", weak concentration.
13.1" (10/20/84): faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, brighter center. Forms a pair with IC 5270 11' NNE and IC 1459 lies 26' SSW.
13.1" (7/20/85): fairly small, elongated SW-NE, brighter center.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5269 = Sw. 11-222 on 10 Sep 1896
and reported "vF; pS; R; np of 2 [with IC 5270]." His position is 10 seconds of RA west
and 6' north of
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IC 5270 = ESO 406-033 = MCG -06-50-018 = PGC 70117
22 57 54.9 -35 51 29; PsA
V = 12.3; Size 3.2'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 103°
18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:1~ E-W, 1.2'x0.4'. This galaxy sits at the north end of the Grus Chain that extends ~1.5 degrees south to NGC 7421.
13.1" (7/20/85): faint, edge-on ~E-W, even surface
brightness. Otherwise similar in
size and brightness to IC 5269 11' SSW.
The IC orientation for the pair is incorrect. This galaxy is the furthest north in a string of ~10
galaxies stretching south to
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5270 = Sw. 11-223 on 12 Aug 1896 and recorded "vF; pS; vE; sf of 2 [with IC 5269]." His position is 14' too far south and IC 5270 is the north-following of 2. According to Swift's large AN table, he discovered nearby IC 5269 a month later, though the pair would have both been in his 33' field. Furthermore, the discovery date is given as 4 Sep 1897 in his earlier 3rd list of nebulae from Lowe Observatory. He probably added the comment "sf of 2" when preparing the table for publication. MCG reverses the identifications of IC 5269 and IC 5270, probably because Swift's position for IC 5269 is 10' north of IC 5270 .
E.E. Barnard probably made an earlier observation of IC 5270
and IC 5269 on 15 Dec 1889 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He recorded in his logbook, "pL,
vF, extended, a small, faint __ (can't decipher word) 5' +/- S. A 6m star 22' N and 1' following." There is nothing at his position (in
ink), but his declination is just 3' off from IC 5270 and the galaxy 5' +/-
south is probably IC 5269. The 6th
mag star
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IC 5271 = ESO 406-034 = MCG -06-50-019 = PGC 70128
22 58 01.8 -33 44 32; PsA
V = 11.6; Size 2.6'x0.9'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 138°
17.5" (8/6/97): bright, large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE. Contains a large, bright bulging core. Seems nearly 3.0' in length and 1.0' across at the core, although this is a bit larger than the listed dimensions. Impressive for an IC galaxy!
13.1" (10/20/84): fairly faint, very elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, small bright nucleus, easy at 166x.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5271 = Sw. 12-43 on 22 Aug 1897 and reported "pF, pS, vE, bet 2 st." Swift's position is unusually accurate for such a late discovery. DeLisle Stewart recorded this galaxy on a plate taken in 1899 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, S, considerably elongated at 145°, * N, considerably brighter middle" and credited Swift with the discovery."
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IC 5272 = ESO 109-030 = AM 2257-661 = LGG 462-011 = PGC 70188
22 59 31.1 -65 11 37; Tuc
V = 14.1; Size 1.1'x0.8'; PA = 33°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, moderately large, roundish, ~40" diameter, weak concentration, hints of structure in the irregular halo. IC 5266 lies 8.3' NW and PGC 127682 is 10' WSW.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5272 = DS 774 on a plate taken on 21 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "eF, vS, R."
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IC 5273 = ESO 346-022 = MCG -06-50-020 = PGC 70184
22 59 26.7 -37 42 10; Gru
V = 11.4; Size 2.7'x1.8'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 56°
13.1" (10/20/84): moderately large, very diffuse, broad concentration, irregularly round or slightly elongated. Slightly brighter than NGC 7421 which lies 20' NW. Furthest southern member in the nearly 2° N-S string of 7 brighter galaxies (9 total) in Grus and Pisces Austrinus (Grus Chain)
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5273 = Sw. 11-224 on 12 Dec 1889, while searching for Brorsen's Comet (5D/Brorsen) with the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He recorded in his logbook, "R, 1' dia, 12th mag." His rough position (no offsets) was 7' too far south. Immediately afterwards he logged "fogged all over and the entire heavens blotted out." He found it again the next night, calling it "1' dia, R, gradually brighter in the middle, 12th mag." and added the comment "same as last night?". Lewis Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 12 Aug 1896 and recorded "vF, cL, lE, 2 wide D st near p." Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC as Barnard never published his discovery or informed Dreyer.
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23 03 18.0 +08 53 37; Peg
V = 13.8; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.4; PA = 54°
17.5" (11/1/86): very faint, small, round, diffuse,
even surface brightness. Forms a
close pair with
Guillaume Bigourdan discovered IC 5283 = Big. 348 = J. 3-1432 on 4 Sep 1891. Stephane Javelle independently discovered it on 16 Oct 1903 and measured a very accurate micrometric position.
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23 06 59.1 +22 56 10; Peg
V = 12.6; Size 1.6'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 100°
13.1" (9/22/84): faint, very small, almost round,
slightly elongated ~E-W, possible faint stellar nucleus. A very faint mag 14.5 star is at the
west edge 23" from center.
Forms a pair with
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5285 = J. 3-1434 on 16 Oct 1903 and measured an accurate micrometric position.
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23 11 17.0 -32 27 15; Scl
Size 1.1'x0.7'; PA = 35°
24" (9/6/18): at 375x; very faint, small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low surface brightness. A mag 14.7 star is 30" E. Located 23' WSW of mag 7.6 HD 219034 and 1.6° W of mag 4.4 Gamma Sculptoris.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5289 = Sw. 11-225 on 10 Sep 1896 and noted "a few eeeF st[ars] in neb[ulosity]." His position is 7' SW of an empty ring galaxy with apparently two interacting galaxies embedded on the north and south side of the ring!
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23 12 53.3 -23 28 09; Aqr
V = 13.2; Size 1.3'x0.8'; Surf Br = 13.1; PA = 66°
18" (10/25/08): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.4', very weak concentration. Situated between two fainter doubles 5' NNE (a 15" pair of mag 13.5/14.5 stars) and 5' S (a 10" pair of mag 14 stars). Another mag 13 star lies 2' SE.
Johann Palisa discovered IC 5290 on 4 Oct 1896 with the 27-inch Grubb refractor at Vienna University Observatory. He noted it was found in the place of Comet Spitaler, which he was apparently searching for.
Harold Corwin suggests that NGC 7520, discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1876 may be identical to IC 5290. There is nothing near his rough position (given only to the nearest min of time and noted as very uncertain "::"). This would require that Tempel's declination to be 20' too far south, though the RA is less than a minute off. Still this identification is very uncertain and PGC uses IC 5290 as the designation (HyperLeda gives IC 5290 as the primary and NGC 7520 as a secondary designation).
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23 16 11.0 -42 34 59; Gru
V = 10.6; Size 3.4'x2.7'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 1°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5294 = Sw. 11-226 on 22 Oct 1897 and reported "pB; pS; R; 8m * p." His position was just 9 seconds of RA west of NGC 7552 and his description of the brighter star clinches the equivalence.
Based on a 60-minute exposure taken with the 30" Reynolds reflector at the Helwan observatory in 1919-20, it was reported "No nebula here except NGC 7552"
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23 15 58.4 +25 01 31; Peg
V = 14.5; Size 0.8'x0.6'
17.5" (9/23/89): very faint, very small, round, weak
concentration. Picked up 7' NE of
mag 8.5
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5297 = J. 3-1441 on 22 Nov 1899 and measured an accurate micrometric position.
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23 16 00.7 +25 33 24; Peg
V = 14.1; Size 0.7'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.1
24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
elongated 5:3 SSW-NNE, 0.5'x0.3', fairly low surface brightness halo with very
small bright core and stellar nucleus.
Several bright stars are nearby mag 8.2
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5298 = J. 3-1442 on 23 Nov 1899
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23 18 52.6 -10 15 34; Aqr
V = 13.3; Size 1.4'x0.9'; PA = 12°
24" (9/22/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small,
slightly elongated N-S, 40"x30", small bright core increases to a
very small bright nucleus. Fairly
similar in size and surface brightness to
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5304 = Sw. 12-44 on 26 Jul 1897
and recorded "extremely faint, S, round, 3 or 4 F st nr sp
[south-preceding]." There is
nothing at his position but 40 seconds of RA east and 2.3' N is
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23 18 06.2 +10 18 00; Peg
V = 14.3; Size 0.5'x0.35'
17.5" (11/18/95): faint, very small, round, 15"
diameter, weak concentration.
Located 3.8' NNE of a mag 11.5 star and 1.9' W of
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 5305 = K. 2-38, along with IC 5306 and 5307, on 26 Oct 1897 using the 18" Merz refractor at the Strasbourg Observatory. His micrometric position is accurate. He identified this object as Kobold 21 (his 21st discovery) in his 1907 compilation of positions in Strasbourg Annales, Vol. 3, 1907.
In Aug 1880, Andrew Ainslie Common described NGC 7594 as "f[ollowing] 3 stars in a line 90 degrees pointing to another fainter nebula s(outh)." The northern of these "3 stars" appears to be IC 5305!
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IC 5306 = MCG +02-59-022 = CGCG 431-036 = WBL 706-001 = PGC 70992
23 18 11.3 +10 14 46; Peg
V = 14.7; Size 0.6'x0.25'; PA = 0°
17.5" (11/18/95): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness. Situated on a line with IC 5305 3.4' NNW and two mag 14 stars 2.0' NNW and 2.7' NNW. Located 2.0' E of a mag 11.5 star. A mag 15.5 star is less than 1' WSW. In a group with IC 5307 2.7' ESE. An extremely faint edge-on at the northwest edge (LEDA 1376799) was not seen
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 5306 = K. 2-39, along with IC 5305 and 5307, on 26 Oct 1897 and noted "vF, S." His position is within 1' of CGCG 431-036 = PGC 70992. He identified this object as Kobold 22 (his 22nd discovery) in his 1907 compilation of positions in Strasbourg Annales, Vol. 3, 1907.
Andrew Common possibly discovered this galaxy 17 years
earlier. He remarked for NGC 7594
(#27 in his discovery list), "f[ollows] 3 stars in a line 90 degrees
pointing to another fainter nebula s(outh)". The nebula to the south is
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23 18 22.1 +10 14 08; Peg
V = 14.8; Size 0.3'x0.25'
17.5" (11/18/95): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter. Faintest of four in NGC 7594 group and requires averted to glimpse. Located 2.7' ESE of IC 5306 and 4.3' SE of NGC 7594.
Hermann Kobold discovered IC 5307 = K. 2-40, along with IC
5305 and 5306, on 26 Oct 1897. He
simply noted "vF, vS", but his position is accurate enough to clearly
match
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23 19 21.1 -42 15 25; Gru
V = 11.5; Size 4.4'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 57°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5308 = Sw. 11-227 on 8 Aug 1897 and
reported "eeF; S; cE; f of 7599." There is no galaxy he might have picked up following NGC
7599, but Harold Corwin suggests that Swift confused
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23 19 11.8 +08 06 33; Psc
V = 13.7; Size 1.3'x0.6'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 23°
17.5" (9/14/85): faint, very elongated SSW-NNE. A mag 14 star is at the south edge
22" from the center. Located
7' NW of
13.1" (9/22/84): very faint, very small, elongated 5:2 ~N-S. Low surface brightness and requires averted vision. A faint star is off the south end. Similar size to NGC 7611 7' SE.
13.1" (11/5/83): very faint, diffuse, faint stellar nucleus.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5309 = J. 3-1445 on 23 Oct
1903 and recorded "Faint, elongated fan-shaped, a mag 14 almost in contact
to the south, ~30", no condensation." He reversed the sign of the polar distance offset from his
reference star, so the IC position is in error. Once corrected it's a perfect match with
Based on photographs taken between 1914-1916 with the 24-inch Yerkes reflector, Hubble described IC 5309 as "pF, mbB, E 0°, 50" x 30", *14m on south edge."
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23 22 00.9 -42 28 50; Gru
V = 12.1; Size 2.2'x1.1'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 92°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5313 = Sw. 11-228 on 8 Aug 1897 and noted, "eeeF; pL; R; 10m * near sp." His RA was 14 seconds too small and the dec 1.7' too far south but the comment "10m * nr south-preceding" clinches the identity IC 5313 = NGC 7632. In his third discovery list from Lowe Observatory (in Popular Astronomy), he added "11m * f[ollows the 10m star].
Based on a photograph taken with the 30" reflector at the Helwan observatory, it was reported (1921): "No nebula here except NGC 7632"
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23 21 18.3 +25 23 07; Peg
V = 13.8; Size 0.7'x0.6'
24" (10/12/20): at 375x; fairly faint, small, round, sharp bright stellar nucleus surrounded by a small core ~12" diameter. The small halo has a very low surface brightness and extends roughly 20" diameter.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5315 = J. 3-1448 on 23 Nov 1899. His description reads, "faint, 10" to 15" diameter, similar to a 15th mag double star surrounded by nebulosity."
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23 24 06.9 -11 51 38; Aqr
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.9; PA = 135°
17.5" (8/25/95): very faint, very small, probably elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 30"x20". View severely hindered by a mag 10 star attached at the northwest end! It was difficult to determine dimensions and orientation due to the glare from the star and the faintness of the galaxy.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5318 on 28 Sep 1897 with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver and described "vF, vS, f 9.5m star 1 second." His position is accurate.
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23 24 49.0 +13 59 48; Peg
V = 14.8; Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (1/1/16): at 375x; faint to fairly faint, small,
round, 18" diameter. Located
5.7' ENE of
Howe discovered IC 5319 = Ho. III-22 on 25 Nov 1899 and recorded "eF, eS; near 7651." His position is accurate.
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23 28 22.0 -67 45 37; Tuc
Size 0.6'x0.5'; PA = 135°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; faint to fairly faint,
small, round, 20" diameter.
Forms a close pair with similar
Royal Frost discovered IC 5320 = F. 1234, along with IC 5322, on a plate taken on 12 Oct 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "bM, magn 14." His position, though, 1 minute of time too far west (same as IC 5322), so the RA is out of order with IC 5323 and 5324.
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23 26 20.2 -17 57 23; Aqr
V = 13.1; Size 1.3'x0.8'; PA = 45°
24" (9/23/17): at 220x and 375x; fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter. Well defined halo (core?) with very little concentration. A 13th magnitude star is 1' NW. A collinear trio (included the wide double HJ 3194) lies 15' SE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5321 = Sw. 11-229 on 13 Sep 1896 and recorded "eF; vS; R; F * close nf." There is nothing at his position in his large 11th list, but the declination was stated as 1° further north in his first Lowe Observatory discovery list in Astronomical Journal Vol. 17 (1896). Also the "F * close nf" is actually northwest, again as originally published. These errors were caught by Herbert Howe while reobserving NGC/IC objects in 1899 at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. Howe recovered Swift's object 6' north of the position given in his AJ list and estimated the nearby star to the NW as 10th mag, although it is closer to 13th mag.
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IC 5322 = ESO 077-022 = PGC 71536
23 28 30.8 -67 45 41; Tuc
Size 0.7'x0.55'; PA = 77°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20"-24" diameter. Forms a close pair with similar IC 5320 0.9' W. In a quartet with brighter IC 5324 3.8' SSW and IC 5323 6.1' SW. A mag 11.5 star lies 2' NE and a mag 12 star is 3' E.
Royal Frost discovered IC 5322 = F. 1235, along with IC 5320, on a plate taken on 12 Oct 1903 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "bM, magn 14." See IC 5320.
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IC 5323 = ESO 077-019 = PGC 71489
23 27 37.0 -67 48 56; Tuc
V = 13.0; Size 1.6'x1.1'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 160°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, moderately large, irregularly round, 45"x35", strongly concentrated with a very bright core that gradually increases but no well defined nuclear zone. Collinear with a mag 12.4 star 2.1' SSE and a mag 11.5 star 4.2' SSE. Two additional mag 12-13 stars are further east. Brightest in a quartet with IC 5324 3.9' E, IC 5320 5.4' NE and IC 5322 6.1' NE.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5323 = DS 782, along with IC 5324, on a plate taken on 29 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted it as "F, S, bM."
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IC 5324 = ESO 077-020 = PGC 71526
23 28 17.8 -67 49 17; Tuc
V = 13.1; Size 1.1'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 37°
30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): at 303x; moderately bright to fairly bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, sharply concentrated with a very small bright nucleus. A mag 12.5 star is 2.1' E and a similar star is 3' SSE. In a quartet with brighter IC 5323 3.9' W, IC 5320 3.7' N and IC 5322 3.8' NNE.
DeLisle Stewart discovered IC 5324 = DS 783, along with IC 5323, on a plate taken on 29 Aug 1900 at Harvard's Arequipa station in Peru. He noted "F, S, bM."
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23 28 43.3 -41 20 00; Phe
V = 11.3; Size 2.8'x2.5'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 8°
18" (10/16/09): moderately bright, slightly elongated NW-SE, 1.5'x1.2', irregular. Located just 1' NE of an 11th magnitude star (not in GSC). This object appears more like an emission nebula than a galaxy with a slightly brighter region that seems offset to the north side. This object is brighter than most of the NGC galaxies in the area and was surprisingly missed by John Herschel.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5325 = Sw. 11-230 on 8 Aug 1897 and recorded "pB; pS; R; 9m * close s[outh]." His position was 9' too far south, but the identification is certain. DeLisle Stewart picked it up on a Harvard plate at Arequipa taken in 1900 and described it as "F, S, R, gradually brighter in the middle, * 1' sp. He credited Swift with the discovery and recorded an accurate position that was used in the IC.
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23 29 35.2 -28 49 52; Scl
Size 1.0'x0.45'; PA = 116°
24" (9/6/18): at 225x; very faint, fairly small,
elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~30"x15", low even surface brightness. Mag 9.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5326 = Sw. 11-231 on 14 Sep 1896 and wrote "eeeF; S; vE; 8m * p[receding]." His position is 3.4' too far SSW and the bright star (mag 9.2 HD 221097) is 6' SW. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position (used in the IC) during his survey of NGC and IC objects at Denver.
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23 30 47.7 -13 29 08; Aqr
V = 13.3; Size 1.3'x1.0'; PA = 170°
See observing notes for
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5327 (= IC 1495) on 5 Nov 1888 using the 12-inch refractor at Lick Observatory. He noted "not faint; not large, R?, 1' +/- and slightly south of 11m star." His estimated position was 30 seconds of RA too small and nearly 6' too far north. The discovery was communicated directly to Dreyer much later and appeared in the IC 2 as 5327. The galaxy was also discovered by Javelle (J. 1-491) on 3 Nov 1891 and he received the credit for IC 1495.
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23 33 16.4 -45 00 57; Phe
V = 11.4; Size 2.5'x1.5'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 40°
30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): at 303x; bright, fairly large,
oval 3:2 SW-NE, ~1.8'x1.2'. The
large, brighter core is sharply concentrated with an extremely bright
nucleus.
13.1" (9/3/86): fairly faint, fairly small, oval ~E-W,
brighter core. Located 7' NE of
mag 7
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5328 = Sw. 11-232 on 8 Aug 1897 and recorded "vF; S; R; bet 2 st; 8m sf, 7m sp." His position (in AN 3517) is less than 2' too far south and his description matches. The RA in his short third Lowe Observatory discovery list in Popular Astronomy is 52 seconds of time too small. Also the discovery date was first given as 8 Aug 1897, instead of 3 Oct 1897 in his large AN list. The earlier date appears to be correct as the list was dated 12 Sep 1897. Perhaps he remeasured the position on the later date.
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23 34 27.5 -36 06 04; Scl
V = 10.5; Size 7.8'x6.2'; Surf Br = 14.5
24" (11/23/19): at 200x, faint, very large, slightly elongated, low surface brightness, weak concentration with a slightly brighter core region. The halo fades out without a distinct border but roughly 5'x4'. There was a suggestion of structure but the low elevation affected seeing subtle details. A mag 10 star is 4' NE and a mag 11 star is 4' E (part of a group). A mag 12.5 star is off the W side, 3.5' from center.
13.1" (10/20/84): extremely faint, at visual threshold. At 74x and 88x appears as a large, very diffuse hazy region with averted vision only. Not seen at 166x, likely due to the low elevation. Located 12' NE of the double star SEE 489 = 7.0/11.7 at 20".
James Dunlop probably discovered IC 5332 = D 546? on 14 Jul 1826. He reported finding an "extremely feeble, ill defined nebula; it is at least 1' diameter. It seems rather elongated oblique to the equator; it is north following a bright star of the 7th-8th magnitude, and also north of two small stars." His position is 1° south and 1 minute of RA east of IC 5332, which matches his description: a 7th mag star is 13' SW and a 10th mag star (and two 12th mag) are close SW. This identification was suggested by Glen Cozens in his analysis of Dunlop's discoveries.
Lewis Swift independently discovered IC 5332 = Sw. 11-233 on 19 Nov 1897 and reported "eeeF; vL; bet 2 st; D[ouble] * p[recedes] 45 sec little s[outh]; pentagon p[receding]." The double is the unequal double SEE 489, mentioned in my observation. This object was first reported in his 5th discovery list from Lowe Observatory in which he has the note, "..it is a remarkable object. It appears to be a nebulous nebula, if such an expression be allowable. Its appearance was as if a central, considerably elongated nebula with sharp outlines, was centrally superimposed on another nebula very much larger, and of unimagined faintness. It was impossible, the seeing being excellent, to assign limits to the outer envelope. It is the largest and among the faintest of all my nebulas. I have requested the Director of the Lick Observatory to examine it with the 36-inch telescope." Swift was credited with the discovery in the IC.
IC 5332 was first recognized on a Helwan Observatory plate taken between 1914-16 by Harold Knox-Shaw.
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23 34 53.0 -65 23 46; Tuc
V = 13.5; Size 1.6'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 87°
25" (10/15/17 - OzSky): at 397x; fairly faint to moderately bright, very thin edge-on ~8:1 E-W, ~1.2'x0.15', tapers at the tips, contains a thin brighter elongated core. The galaxy is at the eastern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11 star 4' SW and a mag 12.5 star 3.5' NW. Also a mag 14.3 star is 1.7' ENE, along with a 15.2 star 1.6' ESE.
DeLisle Stewart found IC 5333 = D.S. 784 on an Arequipa
plate taken on 29 Aug 1900 and reported "cB, S, edge of plate,
susp." His position is 1.5'
from
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23 34 36.4 -04 32 03; Aqr
V = 13.2; Size 1.8'x0.5'; PA = 127°
24" (9/29/16): at 200x; fairly faint, elongated 5:2
NW-SE, ~40"x16", contains a very small bright nucleus with a faint
stellar peak. Located 19' SE of
mag 6.9
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5334 = Ho. I-21 on 14 Dec 1894 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver. He recorded "nebulous * 10.5m. Possibly close D[ouble] *. Extended nebulosity susp. at 135° and 315° [SE and NW]. His position is very accurate and his position angle for the suspected nebulosity is correct.
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23 36 18.7 +21 05 58; Psc
V = 15.5; Size 0.4'x0.3'
24" (12/1/16): extremely faint, very small, possibly
elongated, 15" diameter. Only
a single glow of the double system (separation 25") was seen with
confidence. The components are
pretty similar in mag and size, so either or perhaps both were seen but not
simultaneously. The listed size
and mag's refer to IC 5336 NED2 = LEDA 1642687. This double system lies in the core of
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5336 = J. 3-1453, along with
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IC 5337 = MCG +03-60-012 = CGCG 455-025 = WBL 719-001 = PGC 71875
23 36 25.0 +21 09 03; Peg
V = 14.7; Size 0.8'x0.15'; PA = 2°
24" (12/1/16): fairly faint, small, 20"
diameter. This is an edge-on with
a length of 0.8', so I must have picked up only the middle section. It forms a close pair with IC 5338, the
brightest member of AGC 2626, just 1.3' E. I was surprised the surface brightness of
IC 5337 is a Jellyfish galaxy with trailing streamers of gas and dust from ram-pressure stripping in the cluster.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5337 = J. 3-1454, along with IC 5336 and 5338, on 25 Nov 1897. He noted "faint, roughly round, 20" to 25", gradually condensed, mag 15 nucleus."
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IC 5338 = UGC 12703 = MCG +03-60-013 = CGCG 455-026 = 3C 464 = WBL 719-002 = PGC 71884
23 36 30.4 +21 08 45; Peg
V = 13.7; Size 1.0'x0.7'; Surf Br = 13.4; PA = 29°
24" (12/1/16): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.4' diameter, contains a small brighter core/nucleus, low surface brightness halo. IC 5338 is the brightest cluster member in AGC 2626 and it forms a close pair with IC 5337, the second ranked member, just 1.3' W. Fainter IC 5336 (a close double system) lies 3.8' SW.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5338 = J. 3-1455, along with IC 5336 and 5337, on 25 Nov 1897. He noted "faint, roughly elongated in the meridian [N-S], 25" to 30", gradually condenses to a mag 15 stellar nucleus."
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23 38 26.8 +26 59 06; Peg
V = 14.4; Size 0.4'x0.4'
17.5" (9/23/89 and 8/8/91): very faint, extremely
small, round. Located 2.8' SSW of
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5341 = Ho III-23, along with IC 5342, on 27 Nov 1899 with the 20-inch refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory. He noted "eF, eS; near [NGC] 7720" and measured an accurate micrometric position.
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23 38 38.8 +27 00 40; Peg
V = 14.6; Size 0.7'x0.5'; Surf Br = 11.6; PA = 26°
17.5" (8/8/91): very faint, small, round, bright core. Located 2' N of a mag 11 star and 2.4'
SE of NGC 7720 in the core of AGC 2634.
2MASX J23383626+2701467 (perhaps
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5342 = Ho III-24, along with IC 5341, on 27 Nov 1899. He noted "eF, eS; near [NGC] 7720" and measured an accurate micrometric position. MCG misidentifies MCG +04-55-039 as IC 5342.
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23 39 22.4 -22 29 50; Aqr
Size 0.8'x0.7'
24" (9/6/18): at 225x; fairly faint, fairly small,
round, 30" diameter, weak even concentration. Situated 5' NW of mag 7.3
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5343 = Sw. 11-234 on 19 Oct 1897
and noted "eF; pS; 7 1/2m * 19s sf = [
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IC 5345 = ESO 536-016 = MCG -04-55-020 = PGC 72040
23 39 32.2 -22 24 48; Aqr
Size 0.7'x0.5'; PA = 154°
24" (9/6/18): at 225x; fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter. Forms a pair with IC 5343 5.5' SSW. Situated 8' NNW of mag 7.3 HD 222332. IC 5345 has a similar surface brightness as 5343, but is smaller.
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5345 = Ho. II-14 on 11 Oct 1898 and wrote "vF, vS, R, 6.5' n of Swift 234 [IC 5343]. His position is accurate. I'm a little surprised that Swift missed this galaxy, though picked up IC 5343 in the same field.
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23 44 59.2 -42 54 39; Phe
V = 11.9; Size 2.2'x1.7'; Surf Br = 13.2; PA = 105°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5348 = Sw. 11-235 on 23 Sep 1897 and reported "eF; eS; R." His position is 17 seconds of RA west of NGC 7744. Perhaps due to the significant difference in description (John Herschel called the object "considerably bright"), Dreyer assumed Swift's object was new. Harold Corwin notes there are no other nearby galaxies that Swift might have picked up instead. So, IC 5348 = NGC 7744.
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23 46 23.0 -28 00 15; Scl
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.3; PA = 20°
24" (8/16/12): faint, small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE,
25"x12". This is a
contact double system (
18" (8/25/06): faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 20"x10", weak concentration.
17.5" (11/1/97): very faint, small, elongated 2:1
SSW-NNE, weak concentration.
Initially, this galaxy required averted to view but with concentration
it could almost be held continuously.
Located at the west end of
Herbert Howe discovered IC 5349 = Ho. II-15 on 16 Nov 1898 and recorded "vF, vmE 200°, 20" long." His position and description is an exact match. He also added the note "No. 15 has puzzled me somewhat. The southern end is the brightest portion, and at times it seems as if the object were really a faint double star, one or both components of which are nebulous." He was right about this object being double!
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23 47 14.7 -27 57 28; Scl
V = 13.5; Size 0.7'x0.6'; Surf Br = 12.5
24" (8/16/12): fairly faint, small, round, 20"
diameter, gradually increases to a very small bright nucleus.
18" (8/25/06): faint but readily visible at 220x, very small, round, 20" diameter. Furthest northern member in the core of AGC 4038.
17.5" (10/25/97): faint, very small, round, increases
to a very small brighter core and stellar nucleus. Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 10 star
5' N and a mag 11 star 4.5' ESE. Located on the north side of galaxy cluster
AGC 4038 with the central region (IC 5353,
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5350 = Sw. 11-236 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eeeF; eS; R; 9m * near f[ollowing]; 1st of 5 [with IC 5353, 5354, 5358 and 5362]." His position is poor (offset 5.5' to the southwest), but this is the brightest galaxy nearby. Howe measured an accurate position in 1898, so the IC position is good.
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23 47 18.9 -02 18 50; Psc
V = 13.6; Size 0.5'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 177°
24" (9/28/19): at 322x; faint, small, round, ~20"
diameter, very small brighter nucleus.
Attached on the north side of a mag 12.7 star, which partly masks the
galaxy!
18" (9/3/05): very faint, small. Appears as a low surface brightness
glow or extension attached at the north side of a mag 11-12 star that
significantly detracts from viewing.
In a group of four IC galaxies (
17.5" (9/3/94): this is the third brightest galaxy in
HCG 97 group = Shkh 30. Extremely
faint and small, round, 10" diameter. A mag 11 star attached at the south side makes viewing very
difficult. Located 1.3' SW of IC
5357.
17.5" (10/21/95): extremely faint and small, round. A mag 12 star attached at the south side detracts from viewing.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5351, along with
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IC 5352 = HCG 97E = Shkh 30-4 = PGC 72405 = LEDA 196630
23 47 19.9 -02 16 51; Psc
V = 15.6; Size 0.4'x0.3'; PA = 66°
24" (9/28/19): at 322x; between extremely faint and very faint, very small, round, 10"-12" diameter. I was unable to hold the faintest (and smallest) member of the HCG 97 quintet but it was not a threshold object. Situated 1.5' NW of IC 5357 (brightest in the group).
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5351, along with IC 5352, 5356, 5367 and 5369, on 28 Oct 1889 and noted "pF, pS, gradually brighter in the middle." This group (best known as HCG 97) was discovered while observing Brooks Comet (1889V) with the 36-inch Clark refractor at Lick Observatory. His sketch in AN 4136 clearly identifies all members in the group.
Hickson failed to label his
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IC 5353 = ESO 471-017 = MCG -05-56-010 = AM 2344-282 = PGC 72421
23 47 28.6 -28 06 33; Scl
V = 13.0; Size 1.4'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.3; PA = 140°
24" (8/16/12): fairly faint, fairly small, round,
25" diameter, very small bright core. Located in the core of AGC 4038 4.1' NW of IC 5358. Forms a close pair with
18" (8/25/06): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, very small brighter core, stellar nucleus. The halo increases in size with averted vision to ~30"x25". With careful viewing an extremely faint companion was glimpsed close east. Located in the core of AGC 4038 with IC 5354 1.6' S.
17.5" (10/25/97): very faint, fairly small, irregular shape, halo grows in size with averted vision, weak concentration to a brighter core. Located in the core of AGC 4038 with IC 5354 1.6' S and IC 5358 3.9' SE. A mag 11 star lies 4' NE and a mag 15 star is 1.0' NNE.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5353 = Sw. 11-237 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eF; S; R; 6m * with distant companion f[ollows]; 2nd of 5 [with IC 5351, 5354, 5358 and 5362]." His position is 4.4' too far southwest (similar offset as IC 5351), but Howe measured an accurate position in 1898, so the IC position is good.
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IC 5354 = ESO 471-016 = MCG -05-56-011 = AM 2344-282 = PGC 72416
23 47 28.6 -28 08 09; Scl
V = 14.0; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.6; PA = 66°
24" (8/16/12): faint, small, round, 18" diameter, very small bright nucleus. Located in the rich core of AGC 4038 and 1.6' S of IC 5353. This is a double system with a small galaxy (ESO-LV 4710161) on the northeast edge, but I didn't look for the tiny companion.
18" (8/25/06): very faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, weak concentration. Located 1.6' S of brighter IC 5353 and 3.5' W of IC 5358.
17.5" (10/25/97): extremely faint, very small, round. This member of AGC 4038 required averted vision to view. A faint companion at the NE edge was not seen. Located just 1.6' S of IC 5353 and 3.5' W of IC 5358.
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5354 = Sw. 11-238 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eeF; S; R; 3rd of 5 [with IC 5351, 5353, 5358 and 5362]." His position is 3' too far southwest (similar offset as IC 5353 and 5358) but Howe measured an accurate position in 1898 and the IC position is good. This is a double galaxy, though Swift and Howe probably just picked up the brighter western component.
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IC 5356 = HCG 97C = MCG -01-60-034 = Shkh 30-3 = PGC 72409
23 47 23.8 -02 21 04; Psc
V = 14.1; Size 0.8'x0.4'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 33°
24" (9/28/19): at 322x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 5:3 SW-NE, ~30"x18", well concentrated with a small bright nucleus and much fainter extensions. A mag 14.5-15 star is 0.8' SW and a similar star 45" NE.
18" (9/3/05): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, even surface brightness. Located 2.7' SW of a mag 10 star and 3' S of IC 5357 in HCG 97. Four faint stars are near including three mag 14.5 stars running SW to NE with the galaxy nearly between two of these stars.
17.5" (9/3/94): second brightest galaxy in HCG 97
group. Very faint, very small,
slightly elongated (although difficult to pin down direction), very weak
concentration. Located between two
mag 14 stars off the SW and NE ends and 3.0' due south of IC 5357. Forms the southern vertex of an
isosceles triangle with a mag 11 star 2.5' NW and a mag 10 star 2.6' NE. IC 5351 lies 2.5' NW and
17.5" (10/21/95): very faint, small, round. A mag 14.5 star is 45" SSW.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5356 on 28 Oct 1889 while observing Comet Brooks (1889V) with the Lick 36-inch refractor. He noted "not F, R, mbM."
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IC 5357 = HCG 97A = MCG -01-60-033 = Shkh 30-1 = PGC 72408
23 47 22.9 -02 18 02; Psc
V = 13.0; Size 0.9'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.0; PA = 150°
24" (9/28/19): largest and brightest member of the HCG 97 quintet. At 322x; moderately bright, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.5', brighter core that gradually increases to the center.
18" (9/3/05): brightest in quartet of IC galaxies forming HCG 97 = Shkh 30. At 225x appeared moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NNW-SSE, 0.8'x0.6', broad concentration. Located 3' NW of a mag 10.5 star and 1.3' NE of a mag 11.5 star.
17.5" (9/3/94): brightest of four IC galaxies in HCG 97 = Shkh 30. Faint, small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.7'x0.4', gradually brightens to a small bright core and an almost stellar nucleus. A mag 11 star (with IC 5351 attached) is 2' SW. IC 5351 lies 1.3' SW, IC 5356 3.0' S and IC 5359 3.8' ESE. IC 5352 = HCG 97E was not seen.
17.5" (10/21/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NNW-SSE.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5357 on 28 Oct 1889 while observing Comet Brooks (1889V) with the Lick 36-inch refractor. He noted "'B, R, mbM."
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IC 5358 = ESO 471-019 = MCG -05-56-013 = AM 2344-282 = PGC 72441
23 47 44.2 -28 08 22; Scl
V = 12.6; Size 2.5'x1.0'; Surf Br = 13.6; PA = 122°
24" (8/16/12): this cD galaxy is at the center of AGC
4038. At 282x appeared fairly
faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~50"x25", sharply
concentrated with a bright 15" core and much fainter extensions. A companion (
18" (8/25/06): this double galaxy is the brightest in AGC 4038 and appeared as a fairly faint glow, fairly small, elongated ~5:3 WNW-ESE, small bright core. With careful viewing a very faint, very small companion was attached on the southwest side.
17.5" (11/1/97): initially seen as a single irregular-shaped galaxy but after careful viewing this double system was resolved into two nearly tangent objects oriented WSW-ENE (the brighter, larger object to the NE is IC 5358). At moments both objects can be seen to have nearly stellar nuclei. This cD galaxy is the brightest in AGC 4038 = Klemola 44.
17.5" (10/25/97): this faint galaxy is the largest of
ten viewed in AGC 4038. Appeared
faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 1.2'x0.9', weak concentration. Nearby is IC 5353 3.9' NW, IC 5354 3.5'
W and
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5358 = Sw. 11-239 on 14 Sep 1896. His description reads "eF; S; R; 4th of 5 [with IC 5351, 5353, 5354 and 5362]." His position is 3.6' too far southwest (similar offset as IC 5353 and 5354). Howe remeasured all these galaxies and mentions for IC 5358 "binuclear, at an angle of 250°, with a distance of 20"." So Howe discovered IC 5358A, the attached companion on the southwest side, and it should have received an IC designation.
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IC 5359 = HCG 97B = Shkh 30-5 = MCG -01-60-036 = PGC 72430
23 47 37.9 -02 19 00; Psc
V = 14.7; Size 1.1'x0.2'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 138°
24" (9/28/19): at 322x; between very faint and faint,
edge-on streak ~6:1 NW-SE, ~50"x8", low even surface brightness, no
core. Situated between a mag 10.4
star 1.5' WSW and a mag 9.9 star 3.6' ENE. Due to its low surface brightness,
18" (9/3/05): extremely faint, small, very low surface brightness glow 1.5' following a mag 10 star. In fairly poor seeing, the image was too unsteady to see the elongation well.
17.5" (9/3/94): faintest of four galaxies in the HCG 97 compact group. Extremely faint, small, very elongated 4:1 NW-SE. Only visible with averted vision and cannot be held steadily. A mag 10 star, just 1.6' WSW, detracts from viewing. Last in a group with IC 5351 4.7' W, IC 5357 3.8' WNW and IC 5356 4' SW.
E.E. Barnard discovered IC 5359 on 28 Oct 1889 while observing Comet Brooks (1889V) with the Lick 36-inch refractor. He noted "F, pS, gradually brighter in the middle."
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23 51 28.9 -13 22 54; Aqr
V = 13.1; Size 1.2'x1.2'; Surf Br = 13.4
17.5" (8/29/92): fairly faint, small, round, 1' diameter, very even concentration, small bright core, very symmetrical appearance. Two brighter stars mag 10 are 3.5' W and 7' WSW. Located in a field that is strangely devoid of any faint stars.
Guillaume Bigourdan found IC 5361 = Big. 356 on 30 Nov 1891. His position matches NGC 7761 = PGC 72641, which was discovered by Ormond Stone in 1886 at Leander McCormick Observatory. Stone's rough position was two minutes of RA too far west, so both Bigourdan and later Herbert Howe assumed they found a new object. So, IC 5361 = NGC 7761. See Corwin's notes for discussion.
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23 51 36.7 -28 21 54; Scl
V = 12.8; Size 1.3'x1.3'; Surf Br = 13.3
18" (10/29/11): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter, weak even concentration to a small bright core and faint stellar nucleus. Located 4.5' SW of SEE 497, a close, very unequal mag 8/11 pair at 5" that was resolved.
Although centered in
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5362 = Sw. 11-241 = Sw. 12-45? on
14 Sep 1896. His description in AN
3517 reads "eeF; pS; bet 2 B st; 5th of 5 [with IC 5350, 5353, 5354, and
5358]." His description in AJ
388 adds a bit of detail: "eeF, pS, nrly bet an 8m * nf and a 9m * sp
nearer the former, 5th of 5."
There is nothing near his position (identical in both lists). Herbert Howe reported "I saw
nothing in the place given by Swift, but measured one 34 seconds following at nearly
the same declination. It precedes
a star of mag 8, 17 seconds, 2.3' south.
This star has a companion of mag 12 at 70°, 6"." Howe's accurate position was used in
the IC. Swift probably discovered
this galaxy again on 24 Jul 1897 and reported Sw. 12-45 (later
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23 56 25.0 -29 01 24; Scl
Size 1.3'x0.9'
24" (9/7/18): IC 5364 is an interacting overlapping pair, only 17" between centers. The eastern galaxy (IC 5364 NED2) was brighter. At 260x it appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter. The western galaxy (IC 5364 NED1) is tangent but resolved as a very faint, round glow, 12" diameter (the nucleus of a Ring galaxy).
Lewis Swift discovered IC 5364 = Sw. 11-242 on 15 Sep 1896
and called it "vF; pS; R; 8m * near sf." His position is 4.5' SE of
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23 59 06.6 +06 52 23; Psc
Size 0.3'x0.2'; PA = 5°
24" (9/8/18): at 375x; faint, very small, round, 15"-18" diameter. Situated just 3' WNW of mag 4.0 Omega Piscium. One the overpowering star was placed outside the field, this faint galaxy was immediately noticed, and although faint and small, it was not as difficult a target as expected.
E.E. Barnard found IC 5368 (date unknown), probably with the 36-inch Lick refractor and reported it directly to Dreyer as "eF, vS, little brighter middle, 3' p or f from Omega Piscium" Burnham discovered this galaxy on 19 Aug 1889 while checking if mag 4.0 Omega Psc was a double. I wouldn't be surprised if E.E. Barnard also observed this galaxy at the same time as Burnham, but later reported it to Dreyer as new. As a result IC 1523 = IC 5368.
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23 59 50.6 +32 42 08; And
V = 14.2; Size 0.9'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 85°
17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint, very small, elongated
WSW-ESE. Requires averted at 280x
for clear view, so doesn't appear as bright as CGCG magnitude (15.3z). Collinear with two mag 10.5 stars (~3'
S) which are two vertices of a nice equilateral triangle of similar bright
stars with sides 1'. First of five
in the
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5369 = J. 3-1460, along with IC 5370, 5371, 5372 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. His positions are all offset 1' to the south, due to an error in the position of his reference star. IC 5369 was described as "faint, round, 20" to 25" diameter, mag 15 stellar nucleus."
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IC 5370 = MCG +05-01-018 = CGCG 498-056 = CGCG 499-028 = WBL 730-002 = PGC 5
00 00 09.2 +32 44 18; And
V = 14.1; Size 0.6'x0.5'; Surf Br = 12.7; PA = 117°
17.5" (10/4/97): very faint, very small, slightly
elongated, very small bright core. Halo increases to ~40" with averted
vision. There are several stars to the west including a mag 13.5 star 1.4'
W. Brightest in a group (WBL 730)
including IC 5369,
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5370 = J. 3-1461, along with IC 5369, 5371, 5372 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. He recorded "pretty bright, round, 20", mag 13 stellar nucleus."
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IC 5371 = CGCG 499-030 = CGCG 498-058 = WBL 730-003 = PGC 24
00 00 14.8 +32 49 55; And
V = 15.0; Size 0.5'x0.45'; PA = 148°
17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.4' NW of a mag 14 star. This is the furthest north of five galaxies in the IC 5370 group. Similar IC 5372 lies 2.4' S.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5371 = J. 3-1462, along with
IC 5369, 5370, 5372 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. He recorded "faint, 10" to 15" or more,
paired with a mag 15 star." I
apparently missed a faint star at the east side. PGC assigns
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00 00 16.3 +32 47 33; And
V = 14.5; Size 0.5'x0.4'
17.5" (10/4/97): extremely faint and small (required averted vision), round, 15" diameter, no concentration. Located 40" NW of a mag 12.5 star which is 2' due west of IC 5373 in the IC 5370 group.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5372 = J. 3-1463, along with
IC 5369, 5370, 5371 and 5373, on 9 Nov 1899. He noted "faint, round, 15", mag 14
nucleus." PGC doesn't
identify
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IC 5373 = MCG +05-01-019 = CGCG 498-059w = CGCG 499-031w = WBL 730-004 = PGC 36 = PGC 48
00 00 28.9 +32 46 56; And
V = 14.4; Size 0.6'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 150°
17.5" (10/4/97): very faint, very small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration. Second brightest in the IC 5370 group. Situated between two mag 12.5 stars 2.1' W and 2.7' E. Also 6' SW of a mag 9.1 star. IC 5370 lies 5' SW. This is a contact double system, although I probably only viewed the brighter western component.
Stephane Javelle discovered IC 5373 = J. 3-1464, along with IC 5369, 5370, 5371 and 5372, on 9 Nov 1899. He recorded "pretty bright, round, 20", mag 13 stellar nucleus." MCG doesn't label its +05-01-019 as IC 5373. The CGCG magnitude includes both components.
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00 02 37.9 +16 38 38; Peg
Size 0.6'x0.6'
24" (12/1/16): fairly faint, small, round,
15"-18" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus. A 20" pair of mag 14.5 stars is
off the west side.
18" (11/14/09): faint, small, round, 20" diameter,
two mag 14 stars [23" separation] are close preceding [nearer star is
30" west]. A much fainter
companion (MCG +03-01-016 = PGC 178) attached on the north side was not seen. Located 30' NNW of
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5378, along with
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00 03 11.3 +15 57 54; Peg
V = 13.8; Size 1.4'x0.4'; Surf Br = 13.0; PA = 54°
14.5" (12/17/20): at 182x; between faint and fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, ~45"x15", brighter core. A triangle of similar stars is close S. Located 10' S of NGC 7814. IC 5381 lies far in the background at 10x the distance.
13.1" (10/10/86): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE. Located just NW of a small isosceles triangle of mag 12-13 stars with side about 1' with the closest star 43" SE. Can just hold steadily with averted. Forms a pair with NGC 7814 10' N.
Isaac Roberts discovered IC 5381 = J. 3-1468, along with IC 5377 and 5378, on a plate taken with his 20-inch reflector on 17 Nov 1895 of NGC 7814. He described IC 5381 as "Bright; elongated north following to south preceding about 50"; stellar nucleus about 17th mag; four 12 to 16 stars on the south near it." Keeler or Perrine found it again between 1898-00 on plates taken with the Crossley reflector and catalogued as #740 in a table of 744 new nebulae published in 1908. Finally, Stephane Javelle rediscovered it visually at the Nice Observatory on 12 Nov 1903 while measuring NGC 7814 and recorded it as #1468 in his third discovery list.
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00 04 09.1 -11 59 02; Cet
V = 14.2; Size 0.8'x0.3'; Surf Br = 12.5; PA = 158°
17.5" (11/6/93): very faint, very small, round, weak
concentration, can just steadily with direct vision. A mag 13 star is 3' NW. Located 12' ESE of mag 8.2
Herbert Howe found IC 5384 in 1899-00 while searching for
Dreyer noted the possible equivalence with NGC 7813 in the IC description and Harold Corwin concludes "NGC 7813 is probably identical with IC 5384, though the descriptions do not match, and Muller's position is a typically poor one from the second Leander McCormick list in AJ." MCG labels this galaxy IC 5384 as this designation is secure.
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00 06 28.5 -03 42 58; Psc
V = 12.3; Size 1.9'x1.0'; Surf Br = 12.8; PA = 25°
See observing notes for
Lewis Swift found IC 5386 = Sw. 11-1 on 12 Sep 1896 and logged "pB; pS; vE." His position is 5' southeast of NGC 7832. The IC position (based on Herbert Howe's observation in 1898-99) matches NGC 7832. Corwin notes that neither Swift, Dreyer nor Howe noticed the equivalence with NGC 7832.
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