NGC 1001 = MCG +07-06-050 = CGCG 539-069 = PGC 10050

02 39 12.7 +41 40 18; Per

V = 13.9;  Size 0.7'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.1;  PA = 114°

 

18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 NW-SE, 0.7'x0.2'.  With direct vision a faint stellar nucleus is visible.  Occasionally I thought the nucleus was double, but instead there appeared to be an extremely faint star at the NW edge.  Located 4.7' E of NGC 999.

 

17.5" (11/1/86): faint, small, very elongated WNW-ESE.  An extremely faint mag 15.5 star is at the west end or an extremely faint companion (appears elongated on the POSS).  A mag 13.5 star is 1.4' SE.  NGC 999 lies 4.7' W in the NGC 995-1005 group.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1001 = St. 3-16, along with NGC 996, NGC 999 and UGC 2111, on 10 Nov 1871.  He possibly made an earlier observation on 30 Nov 1866, if he recorded a 5 minute error in RA.  His published micrometric position was made the following month on 8 Dec 1871.  NGC 999 is the fifth in a group of 6 NGC galaxies discovered by Stephan.

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NGC 1002 = UGC 2133 = MCG +06-06-070 = CGCG 523-079 = N983 = PGC 10034

02 38 55.7 +34 37 21; Tri

V = 13.1;  Size 1.2'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 140°

 

17.5" (11/27/92): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, larger brighter core, irregular surface brightness.  Collinear with a mag 12.5 star 1.2' NE and a mag 13 star 2.8' NE.

 

Édouard Stephan found NGC 1002 = St. 12-21 on 5 Nov 1875 and measured an approximate position 3' to the ENE.  His published position (list 12, #21) was reduced on 14 Dec 1881 with description "very faint, very small, irr round, condensation around a bright central nucleus."  He made an earlier discovery in 1871 (list 3, #11), but misidentified his comparison star, so the position for NGC 983 is incorrect.  When corrected, NGC 983 = NGC 1002.  Because the position for NGC 1002 is unambiguous, catalogues use this identification.  He observed NGC 1002 on his last documented night (22 Nov 1886).  See Corwin's notes for NGC 983.

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NGC 1003 = UGC 2137 = MCG +07-06-051 = CGCG 539-070 = LGG 070-005 = PGC 10052

02 39 16.9 +40 52 20; Per

V = 11.5;  Size 5.5'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 97°

 

18" (12/18/06): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 3:1 ~E-W, 2.5'x0.9', broad concentration with a large, brighter core.  The core brightens slightly to the center but there is no distinct nucleus, although the center has a mottled appearance with an occasional sparkle or two (possibly a faint, superimposed star or a slightly brighter knot).  A mag 13 star is just off the NE edge of the core.  Located 2' NE mag 10 SAO 38196 and two degrees SSW of M34.  Member of the NGC 1023 Group.

 

17.5" (11/1/86): moderately bright, elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, bright core.  A mag 13 star is involved at the NE side, just 0.8' from center.  Located 2' NE of a mag 10 star.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): moderately bright, elongated ~E-W, weak concentration.  A mag 13 star is on the NE edge 0.8' from center.  An extremely faint knot is at the NW edge.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1003 = H. II-238 = H. III-198 = h240 on 6 Oct 1784 (sweep 283). He recorded III-198 as "Suspected, but the haziness will not permit to verify it."  The observation was made with the telescope off the meridian, pointing towards the east, so he could observe objects in Andromeda and Perseus that normally transit close to the meridian.  But due to the orientation he wasn't able to fix a position (offsets from known stars).  He found the galaxy again on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 614) and logged H. II-238 as "pB, much elongated nearly in the parallel [E-W], mbM, near 4' long and about 1' br." On the following night (sweep 618) he noted. "cB, mE, very gradually much brighter middle, near 4' l."  John Herschel combined the two H-designations in the GC, so there is only a single NGC designation.

 

According to Wolfgang Steicke, Herschel accidentally found NGC 1003 in November 1805, while observing M34 with his X-foot telescope (24" f/5). He noted "the brightest part of it is very small.  It has a resolvable nucleus with very faint extensive braches.  With 0.75" glass the braches extend beyond the field of view."

 

Fritz Zwicky discovered the type-Ia SN 1937D, in his early search using the 18-inch Schmidt telescope at Paloomar.

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NGC 1004 = UGC 2112 = MCG +00-07-057 = CGCG 388-068 = PGC 9961

02 37 41.8 +01 58 31; Cet

V = 13.1;  Size 1.4'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 115°

 

18" (11/18/06): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', weak concentration.  A mag 12 star is attached at the west edge of the halo.  Observation through thin clouds.

 

18" (10/21/06): fairly faint, small, round, bright nearly stellar nucleus.  A mag 12 star is barely off the WSW edge.  Located 13' SW of NGC 1016 on the west side of the cluster.

 

17.5" (10/8/94): faint, very small, round, 0.5' diameter.  A mag 12 star is just off the WSW edge 25" from the center.  Forms a pair with NGC 1008 7.1' NE at the SW end of the NGC 1016 cluster.

 

17.5" (10/17/87): fairly faint, very small, round, small bright core.  A mag 12 star is just 25" WSW of the center.  Member of the NGC 1016 cluster with NGC 1008 8' NNE and NGC 1016 13' NE.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1004 = St. 11-3 = Sw. 3-14, along with NGC 1019, on 1 Dec 1875.  It was found immediately after observing NGC 993 (15' WNW).  An accurate micrometric position was measured 5 years later on 1 Dec 1880 with description "extremely small; moderately bright; round; strong central condensation; almost stellar; 2 seconds before is a mag 10-11 star."   Lewis Swift  found the galaxy again on 17 Oct 1885 and reported it as new. His position (list 3, #14) is also accurate and the comment "pF * very close" applies.

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NGC 1005 = MCG +07-06-052 = CGCG 539-071 = PGC 10062

02 39 27.7 +41 29 36; Per

V = 13.6;  Size 0.9'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.4

 

18" (12/18/06): fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, increases to a samll bright core.  Located on the SE side of the NGC 995-1005 group, 3' E of a 40" pair of mag 11.5-12 stars.

 

17.5" (11/1/86): fairly faint, very small, round, bright core.  Located in the NGC 995-1005 group.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1005  = St. 3-17 on 9 Dec 1871 (or earlier) with the 31" reflector at the Marseilles Observatory.  Yann Pothier lists a possible discovery date as 10 Nov 1871.  Sixth in a group of 6 NGC galaxies discovered by Stephan.

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NGC 1006 = NGC 1010 = MCG -02-07-044 = PGC 9949

02 37 34.9 -11 01 31; Cet

Size 0.9'x0.9'

 

See observing notes for NGC 1010.

 

Lewis Swift found NGC 1006 = Sw. 5-30 on 29 Sep 1886 with a 16" refractor. His position was 10 sec of RA west of NGC 1010, discovered 10 years earlier by Édouard Stephan.  Frank Muller noted the equivalence with Tempel's object in a Sidereal Messenger article (Feb 1887) listing nebulae from Swift's 5th catalogue which had been discovered previously. Nevertheless, Dreyer assigned Sw. 5-30 to NGC 1006, resulting in two NGC designations.

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NGC 1007 = CGCG 388-069 = MCG +00-07-059 = PGC 9967

02 37 52.2 +02 09 21; Cet

V = 15.1;  Size 0.6'x0.2';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 49°

 

18" (11/18/06): very faint, extremely small, round, 12" diameter.  Located 7.2' WNW of NGC 1016 and 2.7' S of a mag 9.5 star.  This is the faintest NGC galaxy in the cluster.

 

17.5" (10/17/87): extremely faint and small, round.  A mag 9 star (SAO 110651) lies 2.8' N.  Located 4.6' NNW of NGC 1008 within the NGC 1016 cluster.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1007 = m 66 on 15 Jan 1865 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and reported "vF, stellar".  Marth's position is 1' S of CGCG 388-069 = PGC 9967.

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NGC 1008 = UGC 2114 = MCG +00-07-060 = CGCG 388-070 = PGC 9970

02 37 55.3 +02 04 47; Cet

V = 13.9;  Size 0.8'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 85°

 

18" (11/18/06): faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.4'x0.3', weak concentration, very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision.  Located 6.5' WSW of NGC 1016 and 3' NW of a mag 11 star.

 

18" (10/21/06): fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~E-W, 0.5'x0.35', weak even concentration.  Located 3' NW of a mag 11 star and 7' WSW of NGC 1016 in the core of the cluster.

 

17.5" (10/8/94): very faint, small, round.  A mag 10 star is 2.9' SE.  Located between NGC 1004 7.1' SW and NGC 1016 6.5' ENE.

 

17.5" (10/17/87): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, weak concentration.  NGC 1007 lies 4.6' NNW. Located 7' SW of NGC 1016 in the NGC 1016 cluster.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1008 = m 67 on 15 Jan 1865 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and reported "vF, eS, stellar". His position is accurate.

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NGC 1009 = UGC 2129 = MCG +00-07-065 = CGCG 388-077 = FGC 325 = PGC 9995

02 38 19.0 +02 18 35; Cet

V = 14.4;  Size 1.4'x0.2';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 124°

 

18" (11/18/06): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, 0.6'x0.2', low even surface brightness.  Located 11.5' due north of NGC 1016 in a cluster.

 

18" (10/21/06): very faint, small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 0.45'x0.15'.  Brighter IC 241 lies 6' WNW.  Located 11' due north of NGC 1016 in the cluster.

 

17.5" (10/17/87): extremely faint, small, elongated WNW-ESE.  A mag 11 star is 2' SE.  IC 241 lies 6.2' WNW and NGC 1016 11.5' S in a cluster.

 

Edward Swift, Lewis' 15 year-old son, discovered NGC 1009 = Sw. 3-15 on 1 Jan 1886 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory.  The Swifts' published positon is 15 sec of RA west of UGC 2129.

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NGC 1010 = NGC 1006 = MCG -02-07-044 = Holm 62a = PGC 9949

02 37 34.9 -11 01 31; Cet

V = 14.4;  Size 0.9'x0.9';  Surf Br = 14.0

 

17.5" (10/8/94): faint, fairly small, round, no concentration.  A mag 13 star is 3.7' NW.  First in and brightest of a trio with NGC 1011 1.5' NE and NGC 1017 3.8' ENE.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1010 = St. 8b-6 (possibly along with NGC 1011), on 29 Oct 1875.  His single rough position was 6' to the WNW, but his published position in 1877 is accurate.  Swift rediscovered the pair on 29 Sep 1886 and reported both as new in his 5th discovery list (#30).  Frank Muller noted the equivalence with Stephan's nebula in an 1887 article on Swift's duplicate catalogue entries (acknowledged by Swift in the errata to his 6th list).  Nevertheless Dreyer assigned Sw. 5-30 to NGC 1006, so NGC 1006 = NGC 1010.

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NGC 1011 = MCG -02-07-045 = Holm 62b = PGC 9955

02 37 38.9 -11 00 20; Cet

V = 14.3;  Size 0.6'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.0

 

17.5" (10/8/94): very faint, small, round.  Located 1.5' NE of NGC 1010.  Second of three with NGC 1017 2.7' E.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1011 = St. 8b-7 = Sw. 5-31, along with NGC 1010, on 21 Nov 1876.  His position is accurate.  Lewis Swift independently found the pair on 29 Sep 1886.  His position in his 5th list is just 10 seconds of RA too far west. Frank Muller noted the equivalence with Stephan's object in a Sidereal Messenger article (Feb 1887) that listed nebulae from Swift's 5th catalogue which had been discovered previously (acknowledged by Swift in the errata to his 6th list).  Dreyer combined the two observations into NGC 1011 and credited both observers.

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NGC 1012 = UGC 2141 = MCG +05-07-027 = CGCG 505-030 = PGC 10051

02 39 14.9 +30 09 05; Ari

V = 12.0;  Size 2.5'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 24°

 

17.5" (11/27/92): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, broad concentration.  Unusual appearance as a mag 13.5 star is embedded just east of the core.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1012 = H. III-152 = h241 on 11 Sep 1784 (sweep 266) and recorded "vF, pS, of equal light."  On 11 Jan 1787 (sweep 680) he logged "F, irr figure, some stars visible, but they seem not to belong to it."  On 16 Sep 1828 (sweep 178), John Herschel recorded "pB; irreg R; bM; 18"; resolvable. RA doubtful".  R.J. Mitchell, Lord Rosse's assistant, made a sketch on 23 Nov 1857 that was included in the 1861 publication (plate XXV, figure 4).

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NGC 1013 = MCG -02-07-046 = PGC 9966

02 37 50.4 -11 30 26; Cet

V = 13.5;  Size 0.9'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.8

 

17.5" (12/28/94): faint, small, round, 30" diameter, weak concentration.  Located 8.8' SW of a mag 8.5 star (∑288 = 8.9/11.9 at 12").  The galaxy is collinear with an elongated group of four mag 12-13 stars oriented SW-NE starting 6' SW.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1013 = Sw. 5-32 on 29 Sep 1886 with his 16" Clark refractor.  His position is 7 tsec west and 26" south of MCG -02-07-046 = PGC 9966 and his comment "between 2 distant D stars" applies to this galaxy.

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NGC 1014

02 38 00.8 -09 34 24; Cet

V = 14.8/15.2;  Size 10"

 

24" (2/5/13): this NGC designation applies to a close pair of faint stars that was resolved at 282x.  The two stars are both 15th magnitude (14.8/15.2) and at a separation of 10" or less.  Located 3' SW of NGC 1018.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1014 = LM 2-342 in 1886 with the 26" refractor and reported "0.1' dia, irregularly round, and 1st of 2 [with NGC 1018]."  With respect to NGC 1018, Muller's offset is 0.2 tmin west and 1' south.  Just 1' further south is a very faint double star (separation ~11") and Corwin identifies this double as NGC 1014.

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NGC 1015 = UGC 2124 = MCG +00-07-066 = CGCG 388-075 = PGC 9988

02 38 11.5 -01 19 08; Cet

V = 12.1;  Size 2.6'x2.6';  Surf Br = 14.0;  PA = 10°

 

17.5" (11/14/87): moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, bright core, faint halo.  Located 6.4' NW of mag 8.0 SAO 130029.

 

Wilhelm Tempel discovered NGC 1015 = T. 1-13 = T. 5-1 on 27 Dec 1875 with an 11" refractor at the Arcetri Observatory.  His micrometric position in list V is a precise match with UGC 2124 = PGC 9988.

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NGC 1016 = UGC 2128 = MCG +00-07-067 = CGCG 388-076 = WBL 081-005 = PGC 9997

02 38 19.5 +02 07 09; Cet

V = 11.6;  Size 2.0'x2.0';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

18" (11/18/06): fairly bright, moderately large, round, 1.5' diameter.  Contains a bright 20" core that increases to the center.  Located 8' SE of a mag 9.6 star.  Brightest and largest member of the NGC 1016 cluster (WBL 081 = USGC U137) at a distance of ~300 million l.y.

 

18" (10/21/06): moderately bright, fairly large, round.  The bright 30" core increases to the center.  Surrounding the core is a fairly large, low surface brightness halo ~2' in diameter.  This is the dominant galaxy in the cluster.  A parallelogram of four mag 14 stars is just south.

 

17.5" (10/17/87): fairly bright, moderately large, slightly elongated, bright core.  This galaxy is the brightest and largest in the NGC 1016 cluster.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1016 = m 68 = Sf. 103 = T. 1-12 on 15 Jan 1865 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and reported "F, S, R, pretty suddenly brighter in the middle."  His position matches UGC 2128, the brightest member of the cluster.  Truman Safford independently rediscovered the galaxy on 1 Nov 1867 with the 18.5-inch refractor at Dearborn Observatory and listed it as #103 in his discovery paper.  It was next observed by Édouard Stephan on 1 Dec 1875 (noted as "Lassell 68") and again by Wilhelm Tempel in 1876 with the 11" refractor at the Arcetri Observatory. Dreyer credited Tempel with the discovery in the GC Supplement (5264), but both Marth and Tempel are listed in the NGC.  Safford's list was missed by Dreyer until after the NGC was compiled.

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NGC 1017 = MCG -02-07-047 = Holm 62c = PGC 9964

02 37 49.8 -11 00 37; Cet

V = 13.9;  Size 0.7'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.8

 

17.5" (10/8/94): extremely faint, small, round.  Last and faintest of three with NGC 1011 2.7' W and NGC 1010 3.8' WSW.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1017 = Sw. 5-33 = LM 1-61 on 29 Sep 1886 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory and recorded "eeeF, vS, R, eee dif 3rd of 3 [with NGC 1010 and 1011].  His position was 1.4' NNE of MCG -02-07-045 = PGC 9955.  Ormond Stone independently discovered the galaxy sometime before Oct 12th (when his paper was dated at the Leander McCormick Observatory), so the discovery order is unknown.  But Frank Muller noted the equivalence of Sw. 5-33 and LM 1-61 in a Sidereal Messenger article (Feb 1887) that listed nebulae from Swift's 5th catalogue which had been discovered previously.  Both observers were credited in the NGC.

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NGC 1018 = MCG -02-07-048 = PGC 9986

02 38 10.3 -09 32 38; Cet

V = 13.7;  Size 1.0'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 5°

 

24" (2/5/13): faint to fairly faint, small, oval 4:3 N-S, 20"x15", weak concentration.  A group of stars lies immediately to the east.  NGC 1014, a close pair of stars, is 3' SW.

 

17.5" (12/28/94): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated N-S, unconcentrated.  Requires averted vision and cannot hold steadily.  A mag 12 star is 2.2' SE.  Located 22' NW of mag 6.7 SAO 148523.  Appears fainter than listed V = 13.7.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1018 = LM 2-343 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.0, 0.2'x0.1', E 180 (N-S), 2nd of 2 [with NGC 1014]."  His position is 0.1 tmin west and 2' north of MCG -02-07-048 = PGC 9986, though NGC 1014 is a faint double star.

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NGC 1019 = UGC 2132 = MCG +00-07-068 = CGCG 388-079 = PGC 10006

02 38 27.5 +01 54 27; Cet

V = 13.5;  Size 1.0'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 40°

 

18" (10/21/06): fairly faint, moderately large, irregularly round, 1.0'x0.8', low surface brightness.  Located 13' SSE of NGC 1016.  CGCG 388-080 lies 3.7' N.

 

17.5" (10/17/87): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, broad concentration.  Located 13' S of NGC 1016 in cluster.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1019 = St. 11-4, along with NGC 1014, on 1 Dec 1875.  An accurate micrometric position was measured (list 11, #4) 5 years later on 1 Dec 1880 with description "vF; irregular oval; very slightly brighter core with an eccentric nucleus."

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NGC 1020 = CGCG 388-081 = PGC 10018

02 38 44.3 +02 13 52; Cet

V = 14.3;  Size 0.8'x0.2';  PA = 20°

 

18" (11/18/06): faint, small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.6'x0.35', sharply concentrated with a very small bright core surrounded by a low surface brightness halo.  Forms a very close pair with NGC 1021 1.2' SE.

 

18" (10/21/06): faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 N-S, 0.7'x0.25', very faint stellar nucleus or a faint star is superimposed at the center.  Located 9' NE of NGC 1016 on the NE side of the cluster.  Forms a pair with NGC 1021 1' SE.

 

17.5" (10/17/87): very faint, very small, oval ~N-S, weak concentration.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1021 1.2' SE in the NGC 1016 cluster.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1020 = m 69, along with NGC 1021, on 15 Jan 1865 with Lassell's 48" on Malta.  He noted it as "eF, vS" and recorded an accurate position. Édouard Stephan logged it on 1 Dec 1875 (noted as "Lassell 69") when he observed the galaxy group.

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NGC 1021 = CGCG 388-084 = PGC 10027

02 38 48.0 +02 13 02; Cet

V = 14.4;  Size 0.8'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 160°

 

18" (11/18/06): extremely faint, small, slightly elongated, 25"x20", low surface brightness with no concentration.  Forms a close pair with brighter NGC 1020 1.2' NW.

 

18" (10/21/06): very faint, small, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 0.5'x0.35', low even surface brightness.  Fainter member of a close pair with NGC 1020 1' NW.

 

17.5" (10/17/87): extremely faint, very small, oval ~N-S, diffuse.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1020 1.2' NW in the NGC 1016 cluster.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1021 = m 70, along with NGC 1020, on 15 Jan 1865 with Lassell's 48" on Malta.  He noted "eF, S" and recorded an accurate position.  Édouard Stephan logged it on 1 Dec 1875 (noted as "Lassell 70") when he observed the galaxy group.

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NGC 1022 = MCG -01-07-025 = LGG 071-003 = PGC 10010

02 38 32.6 -06 40 39; Cet

V = 11.3;  Size 2.7'x2.7';  Surf Br = 13.3

 

17.5" (10/29/94): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 4:3 WNW-ESE, 1.5'x1.2'.  Broadly concentrated halo contains a well-defined fairly bright 30" core.  The core increases to a stellar nucleus.  At times the elongation appears more pronounced.  A mag 13 star lies 2.1' NE of center.  Member of the NGC 1052 group (LGG 071).

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, small, diffuse, broad concentration, slightly elongated.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1022 = H. I-102 = h244 on 10 Sep 1785 (sweep 436) and recorded "cB, pL, mbM."  On 5 Oct 1785 (sweep 456) he noted "cB, pL, R, mbM."

 

Birr Castle assistant R.J. Mitchell on 28 Nov 1856: "pL, much brighter middle to a nucleus, patchy.  Suspect the preceding end is separated from the rest of the neb by a darkish line.  Small * or knot close NW."

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NGC 1023 = Arp 135 = UGC 2154 = MCG +06-06-073 = CGCG 523-083 = LGG 070-003 = PGC 10123

02 40 23.8 +39 03 48; Per

V = 9.4;  Size 8.7'x3.0';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 87°

 

48" (10/25/11): this gorgeous galaxy appeared extremely bright, very elongated 4:1 E-W, ~7'x1.8', with a large, brighter central core that increases to an intensely bright inner core punctuated by a bright stellar nucleus.  The outer halo gradually fades at the ends of the extensions.  Several stars are superimposed on both sides of the core.

 

NGC 1023A = PGC 10139, a low surface brightness dwarf companion, is superimposed on the east side (2.4' ESE of center).  It appeared as a faint, fairly large, low surface brightness patch oriented SSW-NNE, roughly 1.2'x0.8', and it blends into the main galaxy.  Although most of the companion is within the halo of NGC 1023, part of it juts out the southeast edge of the galaxy.  The halo of NGC 1023 extends beyond (east) of the dwarf.

 

18" (8/1/05): at 225x, this striking galaxy appeared very bright, large, very elongated 4:1 E-W, ~4.5'x1.0', though it seemed to extend further with averted vision.  The central region has a dramatic, sharp concentration with an unusually bright, oval core.  Two mag 14 and 15 stars are superimposed off the west side of the core and a mag 14 star is off the east side.

 

17.5" (12/7/90): bright, large, very elongated 7:2 E-W, very bright core, almost stellar nucleus.  A large fainter halo increases the dimensions to 7'x2'.  Two 15th magnitude stars are superimposed on the east and west ends.  Brightest in the NGC 1023 group, which includes NGC 1003 and IC 239.

 

14.5" (12/17/20): at 182x; very bright and large, very elongated 4:1 E-W, ~5' major axis. Very strong concentration with a prominent core that increases to an intense nucleus.  A mag 14 star is superposed E of the core and another is closer in W of the core [0.85' from center].

 

13.1" (12/22/84): very bright, impressive, elongated ~E-W, bright core, stellar nucleus. 

 

8" (11/8/80): fairly bright, bulging bright core, lens-shaped.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1023 = H. I-156 = h242 on 18 Oct 1786 (sweep 618).  He noted "extremely bright, much extended, a very bright nucleus, the branches losing themselves in the direction of the parallel [E-W] nearly."  On 17 Jan 1787 (sweep 692), he recorded "very bright, gradually much brighter middle to a very bright nucleus, much elongated nearly 10' long, from about 12° sp to nf."

 

John Herschel sketched the galaxy in Oct 1828 as well as Birr Castle assistant Bindon Stoney on 27 Dec 1850 (plate XXV, figure 5 in Lord Rosse's 1861 publication).

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NGC 1024 = Arp 333 = UGC 2142 = MCG +02-07-020 = CGCG 439-022 = KTG 9A = LGG 069-002 = PGC 10048

02 39 11.9 +10 50 49; Ari

V = 12.1;  Size 3.9'x1.4';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 155°

 

48" (10/30/16): very bright, large, elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE.  Sharply concentrated with a large, very bright elongated core, and a more circular nucleus.  A very large, much lower surface brightness halo, extends nearly 3'x1'.  The halo is a bit more diffuse on the northwest side.  The minor axis nearly reaches a mag 12.3 star 0.7' NNE of center.  A mag 13.7 star is off the SSE end, 2.2' from center.  Brightest in a group with nearby NGC 1028 and 1029.

 

24" (1/12/13): bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE.  Sharply concentrated with a very bright, elongated core ~25"x15" and much fainter extensions increasing the size to ~1.2'x0.4'.  Interestingly, the elongation of the core seems is slightly misaligned with respect to the major axis of the extensions.  The extremely low surface brightness outer arms were not seen.  A mag 12 star is 0.7' NNE of center.  Brightest in a trio (KTG 9) with NGC 1029 7' SE and NGC 1028 6' E, though the latter lies in the background.

 

17.5" (12/23/92): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, rounder bright core, brighter along major axis.  A mag 11 star is 42" NNE of center.  Located 13' NNE of mag 6.8 SAO 93034.  Forms a pair with NGC 1029 7' ESE.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1024 = H. II-592 = h243 on 18 Sep 1786 (sweep 591) and logged "pB, S, E, bM".  John Herschel logged on 19 Jan 1828 (sweep 121): "F; R; bM; 20"; has a * 11m 40° nf; 25" distant."

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NGC 1025 = ESO 154-004 = PGC 9891

02 36 20.0 -54 51 49; Hor

V = 13.8;  Size 0.9'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 6°

 

30" (11/4/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): moderately bright but fairly small, 0.6'x0.4', weak concentration.  A star or stellar companion is at the NW edge of the halo.  Forms a pair with brighter NGC 1031 situated 2.7' E.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1025 = h2488 on 11 Sep 1836 and recorded "eF, S, R, 15"; the preceding of two [with NGC 1031]."  His position is 16 tsec of RA west of ESO 154-004 = PGC 9891.

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NGC 1026 = UGC 2145 = MCG +01-07-018 = CGCG 414-033 = PGC 10055

02 39 19.2 +06 32 38; Cet

V = 12.6;  Size 2.0'x1.8';  Surf Br = 13.8

 

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter, well concentrated with a small bright core and a stellar nucleus.  A mag 11.5 star lies 2.8' S.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1026 = m 71 on 24 Dec 1864 with Lassell's 48" on Malta, noting "pF, S, R, pretty suddenly brighter in the middle."  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1027 = IC 1824 = Cr 30 = Mel 16

02 42 35 +61 35 42; Cas

V = 6.7;  Size 20'

 

17.5" (11/27/92): 90 stars in 15' diameter, fairly scattered but still a striking cluster. Surrounds mag 7.0 SAO 12402 and includes about 15 mag 10-11 stars and many mag 13-14 stars.  A number of the stars are arranged in spiraling rays emanating from the dominant star.  The cluster is composed of a mixture of bright and faint stars. 

 

8": includes a dozen stars mag 8 to 12.5.  Fairly small, rich, over unresolved background haze.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1027 = H. VIII-66 on 3 Nov 1787 (sweep 774) and described "a cluster of coarsely scattered considerably large stars, 8' or 10' diameter, one 7th mag, near the middle."  On 9 Nov 1787 (sweep 777) he logged "a much scattered cluster of cL stars.  A star 7m not far from the middle, about 15' diam."

 

Corwin comments that E.E. Barnard independently found the object (probably on a plate), sent a note directly to Dreyer and it was catalogued again as IC 1824.  Barnard's position is at the west edge of the cluster and his description reads "Cl, sts F, perh[aps] F neby p extends to it."  So, NGC 1027 = IC 1824.

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NGC 1028 = MCG +02-07-023 = CGCG 439-025 = KTG 9C = PGC 10068

02 39 37.2 +10 50 37; Ari

V = 14.8;  Size 0.9'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 15°

 

24" (1/12/13): at 375x appeared faint, elongated ~5:3 SSW-NNE, 25"x15", low surface brightness though seems slightly uneven or patchy like a face-on spiral.  Faintest in the KTG 9 triplet with NGC 1029 3' S and NGC 1024 (brightest) 6' W.  The redshift of NGC 1028 is over twice that of NGC 1024 and 1029, so it is a background galaxy.

 

17.5" (11/26/94): extremely faint, small, elongated 4:3 SSW-NNE, 0.6'x0.4'.  A mag 14 star is 1.4' N and a mag 12 star lies 1.7' SW.  Faintest of trio and located 3.0' N of NGC 1029 and 6.1' E of NGC 1024.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1028 = m 72 (along with NGC 1029 = m 72) on 1 Oct 1864 with Lassell's 48" on Malta.  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1029 = UGC 2149 = MCG +02-07-024 = CGCG 439-024 = KTG 9B = LGG 069-003 = PGC 10078

02 39 36.5 +10 47 36; Ari

V = 13.1;  Size 1.4'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.3;  PA = 70°

 

24" (1/12/13): fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 or 7:2 WSW-ENE, 1.0'x0.3', well concentrated with a small high surface brightness core that increases to a stellar nucleus.

 

17.5" (12/23/92): faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, weak concentration.  A very faint mag 15 star is superimposed at the NE edge.  A mag 12 star is 2.0' NW.  Forms a trio with NGC 1024 7' WNW and NGC 1028 3.0' N.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1029 = m 73, along with NGC 1028, on 1 Oct 1864 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and recorded "F, S, mE".  Édouard Stephan made an observation on 24 Nov 1875.

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NGC 1030 = UGC 2153 = MCG +03-07-039 = CGCG 462-039 = PGC 10088

02 39 50.8 +18 01 28; Ari

V = 13.2;  Size 1.6'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 8°

 

17.5" (1/20/90): faint, fairly small, very elongated N-S, low surface brightness, weak concentration and slightly brighter along major axis.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1030 = H. III-581 = h245 on 25 Oct 1786 (sweep 623) and reported "vF, E, irr F.  The time very inaccurate."  As noted, his RA was poor, but John's Herschel's position, measured on 11 Jan 1831 (sweep 319) matches UGC 2153, despite his comment "Doubtful observations. Clouded".

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NGC 1031 = ESO 154-005 = PGC 9907

02 36 38.7 -54 51 35; Hor

V = 12.5;  Size 1.9'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 23°

 

30" (11/4/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, gradually increases to a small bright core and stellar nucleus.  A mag 11.5 star lies 3.3' NNE.  Forms a pair with fainter NGC 1025 2.7' W.  Located 15' W of h3520 = 7.6/8.8 at 21" and 40' SW of mag 5.2 Zeta Hor.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1031 = h2490 on 11 Sep 1836 and recorded "F, S, R, gradually brighter in the middle, 20"; the following of two [with NGC 1025]".  His position is close west of ESO 154-005 = PGC 9907.

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NGC 1032 = UGC 2147 = MCG +00-07-073 = CGCG 388-086 = PGC 10060

02 39 23.6 +01 05 37; Cet

V = 11.6;  Size 3.3'x1.1';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 68°

 

48" (10/26/11): at 385x and 488x appears very bright, large, very elongated 4:1 WSW-ENE, 3.0'x0.8'.  Well concentrated with a prominent, bulging oval core that brightens towards the center and long, thin, fainter tapering extensions that dim at the tips. A mag 13 star is at the tip of the ENE extension.  The visual treat, though, is a razor thin dust lane that clearly bisects the large central buge.  As the much fainter extensions start to taper down, the dust lane loses contrast and disappears towards the ends.

 

18" (1/15/07): fairly bright, fairly large, very elongated 3:1 WSW-ENE, 2.8'x0.9'.  Well concentrated with a bright core that increases to a quasi-stellar nucleus.  The galaxy extends to a mag 12.5 star at the ENE edge making the total length nearly 2.8'.  The thin dust lane seen on images was not visible.

 

17.5" (10/29/94): fairly bright, fairly large, very elongated 4:1 WSW-ENE, 2.5'x0.6'.  Dominated by a bright core which is broadly concentrated and contains a faint stellar nucleus.  The extensions are smooth and unconcentrated.  A mag 12.5-13 star is at the ENE edge 1.4' from the center and two mag 13 stars are along the north side (1.8' NE and 1.3' NNW of center) forming a right triangle.

 

8" (1/1/84): faint, small, very elongated WSW-ENE, weak concentration.  Four mag 13 stars to north including one 1.8' NE.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1032 = H. II-5 = h246 on 18 Dec 1783 (early sweep 47) and noted "very faint, small, like a small comet, 3/4° above Delta Ceti."  His sketch confirms the identification.  On 7 Nov 1785 (sweep 470), he called it "the nebula in the quartile.  It is not quite R, but lE having vF rays sp and nf."   NGC 1032 was first object Herschel discovered with the telescope moving vertically only and using reference stars as they passed through the eyepiece.  It was just just his 10th deep sky discovery once his sweeps started and was logged during his sweeps at least a half dozen times.  Lord Rosse's 1861 publication mentions "Spirality suspected".

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NGC 1033 = MCG -02-07-053 = PGC 10108

02 40 16.1 -08 46 37; Cet

V = 13.2;  Size 1.3'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 0°

 

17.5" (10/29/94): very faint, fairly small, round, 0.6' diameter, very low even surface brightness, no details.  Located 7.1' NE of mag 8.5 SAO 130043 at the SW end of the NGC 1052 group.  Appears fainter than listed magnitude V = 13.2.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1033 = LM 2-344 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  There is nothing at his position, but 1.2 minutes of RA east is MCG -02-07-053 = PGC 101083, and Leavenworth's position angle of 10° matches this galaxy.  The number was reported as "not revealed" in a 60 minute exposure with the Reynolds reflector at the Helwan observatory (1935).

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NGC 1034 = MCG -03-07-043 = PGC 9991

02 38 13.9 -15 48 35; Cet

V = 11.5;  Size 1.2'x0.7';  Surf Br = 11.2;  PA = 135°

 

17.5" (10/29/94): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, 0.8'x0.5', weak concentration.  A wide pair of evenly matched mag 12-13 stars lie 5' W (58" separation in PA 316°).

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1034 = LM 1-62 on 12 Nov 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  There is nothing at his position, but 1.0 tmin of RA west is MCG -03-07-043 = PGC 9991 and his comment "2 B st, p 20s" matches this galaxy.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).  He noted the two "B st" are only mag 11 and 12.

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NGC 1035 = MCG -01-07-027 = KTS 18A = LGG 071-006 = PGC 10065

02 39 29.1 -08 07 58; Cet

V = 12.2;  Size 2.2'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 150°

 

48" (10/29/19): at 610x, bright, large, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 2'x0.6', slightly brighter core.  Unusual appearance as the eastern half of the galaxy is significantly affected by dust, so it appeared noticeably darker than the western half.  Furthermore, the eastern half was mottled, with an irregular surface brightness and several slightly brighter knots or patches.  A bright mag 14 star is just inside the SSE tip.  A mag 10.9 star is 5' N and a mag 9.2 star (HD 16583) is 7' SSW.

 

14.5" (12/17/20): at 182x; relatively bright, fairly large, very elongated nearly 4:1 NNW-SSE, ~2'x0.5', very weak concentration with no distinct core or nucleus. The surface brightness, though, was slightly uneven or irregular.  A mag 14 star is at the SSE end.

 

13.1" (9/3/86): moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE (PA 150°), fairly small.  A mag 14 star is attached at the SE end.    Member of the NGC 1052 group (LGG 071), which lies 25' ESE.

 

13.1" (9/9/83): at 166x; fairly faint, very elongated (nearly edge-on) NW-SE.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1035 = H. II-284 = h249 = h2489 on 7 Nov 1784 (sweep 355) and recorded "F, mE, about 3' long and 3/4' broad, resolvable."  John Herschel observed this galaxy from both Slough and the Cape of Good Hope.  His latter observation, made on 9 Dec 1835 (sweep 650) reads "vF, pmE, has a vF star at the S.f. extremity".

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NGC 1036 = IC 1828 = UGC 2160 = MCG +03-07-041 = CGCG 462-041 = Mrk 370 = PGC 10127

02 40 29.1 +19 17 50; Ari

V = 13.2;  Size 1.4'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 5°

 

17.5" (1/20/90): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated N-S, large brighter core, very small bright nucleus is possibly stellar.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1036 = H. III-475 = h247 on 29 Nov 1785 (sweep 481) and logged "vF, S, confirmed with 240 power."  His position is within 1' of UGC 2160 = PGC 10127.  Stephane Javelle independently found this galaxy on 18 Jan 1898 and recorded it in his list 3-939 (later IC 1828) despite Herschel's fairly good position.  So, NGC 1036 = IC 1828.  CGCG and UGC also equates IC 1829 with NGC 1036 but Javelle made an error in reducing IC 1829 and once corrected it matches CGCG 439-026.  Discussed by Malcolm Thomson in WSQJ #84, April 1991 and his Catalogue Corrections.

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NGC 1037

02 40 00 -01 44; Cet

 

= Not found, Gottlieb and Corwin.  The RNGC identification of UGC 2119 is incorrect (see notes).

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1037 = Sw. 5-35 on 29 Sep 1886 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory and wrote "eeeF; vS; vE; eee dif; [NGC 1032] in field".  There is nothing near his position and furthermore NGC 1032 is ~3° away from his coordinates.  But no reasonably bright galaxy is in the field of NGC 1032 either. Perhaps he misidentified NGC 1032?  RNGC, PGC, and RC3 misidentify UGC 2119 = PGC 9973 as NGC 1032.  This galaxy is 2 tmin of RA west and 7' S of Swift's position and still doesn't agree with Swift's comment about NGC 1032.  See my RNGC Corrections #2 and Corwin's identification comments.

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NGC 1038 = UGC 2158 = MCG +00-07-076 = CGCG 388-090 = PGC 10096

02 40 06.3 +01 30 32; Cet

V = 13.4;  Size 1.2'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.4;  PA = 61°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.4', bright core is moderately concentrated.  Forms a pair with IC 1827 5.6' NW.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1038 = Sw. 3-16 = Sw. 5-34 on 17 Oct 1885 with the 16-inch refractor at the Warner Observatory and "discovered" it again on 2 Oct 1886, recording it in his 5th discovery list.  Dreyer combined both entries in the NGC.  Swift's position is accurate.

 

William Herschel made the first observation on 1 Jan 1786 (sweep 505) but he was uncertain: "Suspected, may be 2 small close stars in the parallel."  He never confirmed the observation and it was not catalogued but the position (Caroline's reduction) is less that 1' NW of NGC 1038, so identification is certain.

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NGC 1039 = M34 = Cr 31

02 42 00 +42 47; Per

V = 5.2;  Size 35'

 

24" (12/28/13): gorgeous low power field with 21mm Ethos (125x; 49' diameter).  The cluster roughly extends 35' with a much richer and brighter core of ~12'-15' that contains a large number of mag 8-10 stars.  Several of the brighter stars appear as wide doubles or in chains.  A long string of stars is on the south side of the core, extending towards the southeast.  Other chains extend north and east out of the core.  Several doubles were identified using the chart in Stoyan's "Atlas of the Messier Objects".  O∑ 44 is a challenging mag 8.5/9.0 pair at 1.4" that just resolved at 225x and better at 300x.  Another 8th mag star (C component) is widely separated at 86".  h2154 is a 9.5/10.9 pair at 10" on the SW side and h1123 is a very wide 20" pair of mag 8.4 star.  Also in the core is ES 1506, a challenging mag 8.9/14 pair at 7" and h2155, a very wide 8.3/10.3 pair at 17" on the NE side.  PN Abell 4 lies 38' ESE of center.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): about 100 stars in a 30' diameter.  Very bright, very large, many double stars, three main curved lanes.  Includes a bright double star h1123 = 8.0/8.0 at 20".  Naked-eye object in fairly dark sky.

 

Giovanni Hodierna probably discovered M34 = NGC 1039 = h248 around 1654, though there is some doubt on his intended object. Charles Messier found M34 again on 25 Aug 1764, and he is generally credited with the discovery.

 

William Herschel described M34 on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 614) as "a cl of scattered large stars, considerably rich."  Wolfgang Steinicke states his first observation was made on 6 Oct 1784, while observing off the meridian towards the east.  Due to the telescope's orientation, he wasn't able to fix determine accurate positions on sweeps 282-285.  John Herschel called it a "fine cluster, about 20 st 9 10...11m and as many less.  Fills field, coarsely scattered."

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NGC 1040 = NGC 1053 = UGC 2187 = MCG +07-06-060 = CGCG 539-083

02 43 12.4 +41 30 03; Per

 

See observing notes for NGC 1053.

 

Édouard Stephan found NGC 1040 = St. 3-18 on 9 Dec 1871 (date the position was reduced) with the 31" silvered-glass reflector at Marseilles Observatory.  There is nothing at his position, but precisely 1.0 minute of RA west is NGC 1053 = UGC 2187, which was found by Swift on 21 Oct 1886 and accurately placed in his 5th discovery list (#37).  Karl Reinmuth, in his 1926 survey based on Heidelberg plates, and Dorothy Carlson, in her 1940 NGC Corrections paper, equate NGC 1040 = NGC 1053.  Based on the earlier discovery, NGC 1040 should be the primary designation. See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1041 = MCG -01-07-030 = PGC 10125

02 40 25.2 -05 26 26; Cet

V = 12.3;  Size 1.7'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 15°

 

17.5" (10/29/94): faint, fairly small, round, 0.5' diameter.  Symmetrical appearance with an even concentration to a small bright core and stellar nucleus.  A distinctive line (4.5' length) consisting of three equally spaced mag 11 stars oriented WNW-ESE is 3' S.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1041 = St. 12-22 on 4 Nov 1875 with the 31" silvered-glass reflector at Marseilles Observatory.  His published micrometric position (list 12, #22) was made on 17 Nov 1881 with description "pF, pS, irregularly round, bM."

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NGC 1042 = MCG -02-07-054 = KTS 18B = LGG 071-009 = PGC 10122

02 40 23.9 -08 26 01; Cet

V = 11.0;  Size 4.7'x3.6';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 15°

 

48" (10/26/16): at 488x; bright, very large, face-on spiral with a small bright core and a relatively small weak bar oriented ~NW-SE.  Low contrast spiral structure was visible around the core.  Most prominent, though, was an outer spiral arm along the east side, which swept N-S in a gentle arc.  It was brightest just to the west of a mag 13.6 star [SDSS reveals numerous HII knots] situated 1.6' SE of the core.  The outer spiral arm along the western edge was more diffuse and ill-defined, passing just east of a 16th magnitude star 1.7' WSW of the core.

 

17.5" (11/1/86): very large, very diffuse low surface brightness system best viewed at 83x or 133x.  Almost round, slightly brighter on the SE end with either a very faint star(s) superimposed or a brighter knot.  Forms a pair with NGC 1048 (double system) 6' SSE.   Member of the NGC 1052 group (LGG 071), which lies 14' SW.

 

14.5" (12/17/20): at 182x; large, diffuse galaxy, roundish, ~3' diameter, slightly irregular surface brightness to halo, no distinct core. A mag 13.6 star is just off the E side of halo, 1.6' ESE of center and a mag 13.3 star is 2.6' due N.  NGC 1052 is 15' SW.

 

13.1" (9/3/86): very large but diffuse, only a very weak concentration.

 

13.1" (9/9/83): 62x and 166x; large, very diffuse, no central brightening, irregularly round, best at 62x (too large and diffuse for higher power).

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1042 = Sw. 3-17 on 10 Nov 1885 with the 16" Clark refractor at Warner Observatory and reported "eeF, L, R, np of 2 [with NGC 1052]".  In his 5th discovery list, Swift corrected the description to read "sp of 2" [with NGC 1052].  Based on a photograph taken with the Reynolds reflector at the Helwan observatory in the late 1920s, NGC 1042 was described as an "open spiral with a pF stellar Ncl, well defined [arms] with some [knots]."

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NGC 1043 = CGCG 388-094 = PGC 10155

02 40 46.5 +01 20 35; Cet

V = 15.0;  Size 0.8'x0.2';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 110°

 

17.5" (1/9/99): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter.  I just glimpsed the core as a very small, round, knot with a mag 14.5 star 0.4' SSE of center.  The small, thin extensions of this edge-on spiral were not seen.  Located 14' SE of NGC 1038 and 20' SE of IC 1827 (on a line).

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1043 = Sw. 5-36 on 2 Oct 1886 with the 16" Clark refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position is just 4 tsec east and 36" south of CGCG 388-094 = PGC 10155.

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NGC 1044 = MCG +01-07-023 = CGCG 414-038 = PGC 10174

02 41 06.1 +08 44 16; Cet

V = 13.2;  Size 0.6'x0.6';  Surf Br = 11.8

 

24" (1/31/14): NGC 1044 is a double system with fainter LEDA 3080165 barely off the SE side.  At 375x it appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 24"x20", gradually increases to a sub-stellar nucleus.  PGC 3080165 is attached at the SE side [19" between centers].  The companion was faint, extremely small, round, 8" diameter.  This pair is flanked by CGCG 414-36 1.0' NE (noted as "faint, very small, round, 10" diameter") and NGC 1046 2.0' SE, with the collinear quartet spanning 3.0'.  The four galaxies have identical redshifts, though there is no sign of interaction on the DSS.

 

17.5" (10/29/94): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, broad concentration to a large brighter core.  A mag 11 star lies 2.3' NW.  Brightest of a collinear compact trio with NGC 1046 2.0' SE and MCG +01-07-022 = CGCG 414-036 off the NW edge 57" from the center (logged as "very faint, extremely small, round"). NGC 1044 appears larger than the listed dimensions probably due to the combined glow with an unresolved contact companion (PGC 3080165) at the SE edge.  The four galaxies are very nearly on a straight line.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1044 = III-228 = h251, along with NGC 1046, on 7 Nov 1784 (sweep 308) and noted "eF, vS, 240 power confirmed it.  Another still smaller and fainter about 1' following [NGC 1046]."  John Herschel measured a fairly accurate position on 8 Jan 1828 (sweep 118) and wrote "vF the p[receding] of two; a * 10m, p[receding] in same line.".

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NGC 1045 = MCG -02-07-059 = PGC 10129

02 40 29.1 -11 16 39; Cet

V = 12.1;  Size 2.2'x1.1';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 55°

 

17.5" (10/29/94): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.5', well concentrated to a small prominent core and a stellar nucleus.  A nice evenly matched pair of mag 11-12 stars (16" separation in PA 78°) lies 11' NW.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1045 = H. II-488 = h253 = h2491 on 28 Nov 1785 (sweep 479) and recorded "F, S, iF, bM."  John Herschel observed this galaxy at both Slough and the Cape of Good Hope. His Cape description from 22 Nov 1835 (sweep 648) reads "pB, R, bM, 35". Observed in a south-east cloud drift."

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NGC 1046 = MCG +01-07-024 = CGCG 414-039 = PGC 10185

02 41 12.8 +08 43 09; Cet

V = 13.8;  Size 0.3'x0.3'

 

24" (1/31/14): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration.  A mag 14 star is 50" SE.  Fourth of 4 in a 3' string oriented NW to SE line with NGC 1044 (double) 1.8' NW and CGCG 414-36 2.9' NW.

 

17.5" (10/29/94): faint, fairly small, round, 0.5' diameter, weak concentration.  A mag 13.5 star is off the SE edge 48" from the center.  Forms the third of three on a line with double system NGC 1044 2.0' NW and MCG +01-07-022 = CGCG 414-036 2.9' NW.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1046 = H. III-229 = h252, along with NGC 1044, on 7 Nov 1784  (sweep 308) , recording "Another still smaller and fainter about 1' following [NGC 1044] suspected; but 240 power left it doubtful." John Herschel measured a fairly accurate position on 8 Jan 1828 (sweep 118).

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NGC 1047 = MCG -01-07-032 = LGG 071-007 = PGC 10132

02 40 32.9 -08 08 52; Cet

V = 14.3;  Size 1.3'x1.0';  Surf Br = 14.4;  PA = 88°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 4:3 E-W, diffuse with only a very weak concentration, no distinct core.  A mag 11.5 star is 3.9' S.  Located 10.2' NW of NGC 1052 and 15.8' E of NGC 1035 in the NGC 1052 group (LGG 071).

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1047 = Sw. 3-18 on 10 Nov 1885 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position is 6 tsec of RA east and 1' S of MCG -01-07-032 = PGC 10132.

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NGC 1048 = NGC 1048B = MCG -02-07-062 = PGC 10140

02 40 37.9 -08 32 00; Cet

V = 14.1;  Size 1.0'x0.2';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 105°

 

48" (10/26/16): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, 40"x16", bright core.  A mag 14.4 star is 1' NNE.  Located 7' SW of NGC 1042.

 

Forms a similar pair with NGC 1048A 1.0' SW.  It was moderately to fairly bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 30"x15", bright core, mottled appearance.  LEDA 1002216, a compact companion, is just 30" S.  It appeared faint (V = 16.8), very small, round, 10" diameter, low surface brightness.

 

17.5" (11/26/94): at first glance, appeared as an ill-defined faint glow 1' S of a mag 14 star.  One closer inspection, NGC 1048 resolved into a pair of small, faint galaxies 1.0' between centers oriented NNE-SSW.  The northern member (generally identified as NGC 1048) was clearly brighter and elongated 2:1 E-W, 0.6'x0.3'.  Just 1.0' SSW is a fainter companion (NGC 1048A).  Located 7' SSE of the large, low surface brightness system NGC 1042 within a large group.

 

17.5" (11/1/86): large, very diffuse system best viewed at 83x. There was a slight brightening to the south but the fainter companion was not clearly resolved in poor seeing.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1048 = Sw. 3-19 on 10 Nov 1885 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position matches the contact pair PGC 10137 and 10140, and he perhaps viewed the combined glow of both.  The northern component is brighter and often labeled NGC 1048, though sometimes the southwestern component is called NGC 1048A and the northeastern galaxy NGC 1048B (as in the RC1 and RC2).

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NGC 1049 = Fornax-3 = ESO 356-3 = MCG -06-06-017

02 39 49 -34 15 30; For

V = 12.6;  Size 1.3'

 

48" (10/29/16): at 488x; very bright, moderately large, very high surface brightness, granular appearance, ~50" diameter.  There are three well defined brightness zones: an extremely bright compact nucleus, a small bright core and a much lower surface brightness halo with a fairly well defined circular edge.  

 

30" (11/4/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): very bright, moderately large, very sharply concentrated with a very small, very bright core surrounded by 1' halo that dims around the periphery.

 

24" (9/14/12): at 325x, moderately bright, fairly small, round, bright core, 30" diameter.

 

18" (12/10/07): moderately bright gc in the Fornax Dwarf.  Appears small, round, ~30" diameter, gradually increases to a small brighter core.  Located 15' NNE of mag 8.4 HD 16690.  Brightest gc in the Fornax Dwarf.

 

17.5" (10/8/88): fairly faint, very small, round, small bright core.

 

13.1" (10/10/86): brightest of four globular clusters in the Fornax Dwarf galaxy.  Moderately bright (estimate V = 12), small, very small bright core, faint halo.  Located 15' NNE of mag 8.0 SAO 193841.  The Fornax Dwarf galaxy was not seen.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1049 = h2492 on 19 Oct 1835 and reported "pretty bright; small; round; like a star 12th magnitude a very little rubbed at the edges, a curious little object and easily mistaken for a star, which, however, it certainly is not".  His position is 1' N of this Fornax Dwarf globular.  The galaxy itself was discovered over a century later by Harlow Shapley in 1938 while at the Boyden Station in South Africa on photographic plates taken with the 24" Bruce refractor.

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NGC 1050 = UGC 2178 = MCG +06-06-078 = CGCG 523-092 = PGC 10257

02 42 35.7 +34 45 48; Per

V = 12.6;  Size 1.4'x1.1';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 110°

 

17.5" (11/27/92): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, 1.0'x0.8', weak concentration.  A mag 15 star is 45" N of center.  This 15th mag star is described as mag 18 in the NGC.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1050 = St. 3-18 on 17 Sep 1865 with the 11-inch refractor at Copenhagen.  His single position is just off the north edge of the galaxy and he mentioned the mag 15 star off the north edge of the galaxy (called mag 18).  Stephan observed the galaxy on 16 Nov 1871, probably aware of d'Arrest's discovery at the time.  He measured the position again on 9 Dec 1871 and listed this galaxy as new in his third discovery list #18 (published in 1872).  A later observation was made on 22 Nov 1875.  Dreyer credited both d'Arrest (1) and Stephan (2) in the NGC.

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NGC 1051 = NGC 961? = IC 249? = MCG -01-07-033 = UGCA 40 = PGC 10172

02 41 02.4 -06 56 09; Cet

V = 13.0;  Size 2.3'x1.6';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 45°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.5', no concentration.  Very unusual appearance as a mag 12 star is attached at the northeast end 35" from the center and the galaxy appears to hang from the star.  Forms the east vertex of a triangle with two mag 10 stars 6.7' NW and 5.2' WSW.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1051 = St. 11-5 on 13 Oct 1869 with a rough position 2' to the SE.  His published accurate micrometric position was made on 13 Dec 1871 with description "eeF; elongated NE-SW, a little diffuse, *12 attached at NW end."  The star is actually attached at the NE end.

 

Ormond Stone independently discovered NGC 1051 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick and reported it as new in his 2nd discovery paper (#338) but he made a 10 minute time error in RA (error caught by Harold Corwin).  Dreyer catalogued again as NGC 961.  Stephane Javelle also possibly found the galaxy in 1892 and he reported it as J. 1-92 (later IC 249), although Javelle claimed it was a different object.  See Corwin's notes and Thomson's Catalogue Corrections.  So, NGC 1051 = NGC 961 and possibly IC 249, with NGC 1051 the primary designation.

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NGC 1052 = MCG -01-07-034 = KTS 18C = LGG 071-008 = PGC 10175

02 41 04.8 -08 15 21; Cet

V = 10.5;  Size 3.0'x2.1';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 120°

 

14.5" (12/17/20): at 182x; bright, moderately large, slightly elongated, 2' diameter, sharply concentrated with an unusually bright core that increases to a quasi-stellar nucleus.

 

13.1" (9/9/83): bright, small, round, intense core.  Brightest in a large group (LGG 071) with three galaxies in 62x field including NGC 1042 14' SW and NGC 1047 10.2' NW.

 

13.1" (9/3/86): at 166x; small oval shape, very bright core, stellar nucleus.

 

8" (11/8/80): faint, bright core.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1052 = H. I-63 = h254 = h2493 on 10 Jan 1785 (sweep 355). He described it as "Bright, round, much brighter in the middle, about 1' diameter, very faint towards the border."  He included the description as an example of "Nebulae that are gradually much brighter in the middle" in his 1811 PT paper (fig. 21).

 

John Herschel observed this galaxy twice at Slough, recording it on 8 Jan 1831 (sweep 318), "B; S; R; 20"; gb and pretty suddenly much brighter middle to a *12".

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NGC 1053 = NGC 1040 = UGC 2187 = MCG +07-06-060 = CGCG 539-083 = PGC 10298

02 43 12.4 +41 30 03; Per

V = 12.9;  Size 1.7'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 40°

 

17.5" (11/27/92): faint, very small, slightly elongated.  Bracketed by two mag 15 stars just off the north and south edges and collinear with three equally spaced stars to the south (mag 11.5 star 2.3' S, a mag 10.5 star 4' S and a mag 13 star 6' S).  Located 5' W of mag 7.5 SAO 38287.  Brightest in a group and forms a pair with UGC 2194 6' SSE.

 

Lewis Swift found NGC 1053 = Sw. 5-37 on 21 Oct 1886 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory and noted "vF, vS, lE, 4 stars in line south point to it, one close".  His position and description matches UGC 2187 = PGC 10298.  Édouard Stephan (III-18) earlier discovered this nebula on 9 Dec 1871, but made a 1 tmin error in RA in the reading from his offset star and Dreyer catalogued it as NGC 1040.  So, NGC 1053 = NGC 1040, with discovery priority going to Stephan.

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NGC 1054 = MCG +03-07-046 = CGCG 462-045 = PGC 10242

02 42 15.8 +18 13 03; Ari

V = 13.6;  Size 0.9'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.4;  PA = 20°

 

17.5" (1/20/90): faint, small, round, even surface brightness.  A mag 14 star is 30" NW.  NGC 1030 lies 30' WSW.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1054 on 8 Oct 1864 with the 11" refractor at Copenhagen and logged "eF, vS, verified at 230x.  A star is near the northwest rim."

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NGC 1055 = UGC 2173 = MCG +00-07-081 = CGCG 388-095 = LGG 073-001 = PGC 10208

02 41 45.2 +00 26 31; Cet

V = 10.6;  Size 7.6'x2.7';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 105°

 

48" (10/24/14): very bright, nearly edge-on spiral, spans ~6'x1.8' WNW -ESE.  The bright central region extends 2'x0.5' and increases gradually towards the center.  A relatively wide, prominent dust lane runs along nearly the entire northern flank of the galaxy!

 

The fainter portion of the galaxy on the north side of the dust lane was clearly visible paralleling the central region.  Due to a slight tilt in edge-on orientation, the northern section of the galaxy is partially obscured and extended only ~1.6' in length and at most 30" in width.  The glow terminates on its west side after reaching the mag 11.2 star just 1.2' NNW of center.  Forms a wide pair (similar radial velocity) with M77 30' SSE.

 

18" (1/13/07): fairly bright, large, very elongated 3:1 ~E-W, ~5'x1.6', broad concentration but no well-defined core or nucleus.  A mag 11 star is just north of the core and two mag 13 stars are north of the western flank.  A dark lane runs along the north edge of the galaxy creating a sharp light cut-off, though the faint portion of the galaxy to the north that is cut off by the dark lane was not seen.

 

17.5" (11/14/87): fairly bright, fairly large, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE, broadly concentrated halo.  A mag 11 star is just off the NW flank 1.2' from the center.  Located 7' SE of mag 6.8 SAO 110689 and 7' SW of mag 7.8 SAO 110692.  Member of the M77 group.

 

13.1" (9/3/83): fairly faint, elongated WNW-ESE.  A mag 12 star is 1' N.

 

8" (11/8/80): faint, elongated.  Located 30' NNW of M77.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1055 = H. I-1 = h258 on 18 Dec 1783 (early sweep 47).  Although his description doesn't appear in Caroline's transcribed Sweep Records summary, Wolfgang Steinicke states his Journal mentions a "Nebula, 3/4° north following Delta Ceti, in a line parallel to Gamma and Alpha Ceti."  This is a good match with NGC 1055, although the separation is 35' from Delta.  His summary description for H. I-1 (based on 7 observations as he revisited this field several times) reads "cB, cL, iF, bM."

 

On 30 Nov 1850, Lord Rosse (or observing assitant) noted "The north edge is the best defined [due to dust cut-off].  It is 4' long at least, and tapers off to the following end.  On 27 Dec 1861, assistant Robert Ball also noted "I strongly suspect a faint parallel patch preceding, which perhaps joings the following end of nebula."

 

In Dreyer's 1912 revision of WH's catalogues, he suggested H. II-6 (in addition to H. I-1) was equivalent to NGC 1055, but Steinicke equates H. II-6 with a pair of stars at 02 40 19.5 +00 54 37 (2000).

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NGC 1056 = UGC 2183 = MCG +05-07-032 = Mrk 1183 = PGC 10272

02 42 48.4 +28 34 26; Ari

V = 12.4;  Size 2.3'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 160°

 

17.5" (12/23/92): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, increases to rounder small bright core.  A mag 12 star is 2.2' ENE.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1056 = H. III-584 = h256 on 26 Oct 1786 (sweep 626) and recorded "vF, S, bM".  On 16 Sep 1828 (sweep 178), John Herschel logged "pB; S; R; pretty suddenly brighter middle; 12" [diameter]."

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NGC 1057 = UGC 2184 = MCG +05-07-033 = CGCG 505-037 = WBL 085-001 = PGC 10287

02 43 02.9 +32 29 28; Tri

V = 14.2;  Size 1.1'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 115°

 

24" (9/23/17): at 260x; fairly faint, moderately large, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 1.2'x0.8'.  Contains a brighter core that seems to extend into a very low contrast bar.  First in the NGC 1060 group (5 NGC galaxies).

 

24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, 0.7'x0.35', small brighter core.  The major axis points to NGC 1061 3.1' SE.

 

18" (1/26/11): very faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 0.7'x0.45', low even surface brightness.  Located 4.7' NW of NGC 1060 in a group with NGC 1061 3' SE.  NGC 1066 and NGC 1067 lies 10' E.

 

George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered NGC 1057 in December 1849.  The sketch and description ("vF double neb") clearly applies to UGC 2184, although the "double" appearance is due to a very close, faint double star at the NW edge.

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NGC 1058 = UGC 2193 = MCG +06-07-001 = CGCG 523-096 = PGC 10314

02 43 29.8 +37 20 27; Per

V = 11.2;  Size 3.0'x2.8';  Surf Br = 13.4

 

18" (1/26/11): fairly bright, fairly large, irregularly round, 2' diameter, broad, weak concentration, very small brighter nucleus ~5" diameter, irregular surface brightness, asymmetric appearance.  A star is superimposed on the NW side ~35" from the center.  The halo is more extensive or brighter on the west side and very weak on the east side, so the nucleus appears offset towards the northeast side.  A mag 15 star is at the south end of the galaxy.  Member of the NGC 1023 Group.

 

17.5" (12/7/90): moderately bright, moderately large, round, almost even surface brightness, no distinct core, possibly mottled.  A mag 14 star is involved at the NW edge and a mag 15 star is involved at the south end.  A mag 11.5 star lies 2.3' SSW of center.

 

13.1" (11/29/86): moderately bright, moderately large, round, almost even surface brightness.  A faint star mag 14.5 star is superimposed on the NW edge.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1058 = H. II-633 = h255 on 17 Jan 1787 (sweep 692) and logged "F, cL, R, little brighter middle, 4' diameter.  In Oct 1828 (sweep 188), John Herschel recorded, "pF; L; R; gradually little brighter middle; 50"."  His RA was 9 seconds too small. This galaxy was observed 4 times at Birr Castle.  On 24 Nov 1854, R.J. Mitchell remarked "L, R. Susp Nucl or * in centre, 2 conspicuous stars inv in the preceding side."  Hermann Kobold measured a fairly accurate position in 1899 at Strasbourg (published in 1907).

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NGC 1059

02 42 35.6 +17 59 48; Ari

 

= **, Reinmuth and Gottlieb.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1059 = h259 on 25 Jan 1832 and simply noted "eF, hardly sure."  There is nothing nonstellar near his position but just 1' SE is a close pair of mag 14 stars at 10" separation.  Several observers looked for Herschel's object.  Heinrich d'Arrest was unable to find anything "on a very clear night" and Sherburne Burnham (Publ of Lick Observatory, II) also carefully searched unsuccessfully for the object, although in sweeping around he discovered IC 248.  Karl Reinmuth, in his 1926 survey based on Heidelberg plates, and Dorothy Carlson in her NGC errata paper identify NGC 1059 with this double star. See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1060 = UGC 2191 = MCG +05-07-035 = CGCG 505-038 = WBL 085-002 = PGC 10302

02 43 15.1 +32 25 30; Tri

V = 11.8;  Size 2.3'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 75°

 

24" (9/23/17): at 260x; bright, large, nearly 2'x1.5', sharply concentrated with a large bright core that gradually increases to a stellar nucleus.  A mag 15 star is at the east edge of the halo [1.0' from center].  Brightest in a group (reobserved due to a current supernova in NGC 1067).

 

24" (2/7/16): very bright, large, sharply concentrated with an intensely bright core that increases to the center.  The much fainter halo gradually dims and is slightly elongated WSW-ENE, ~1.6'x1.3'.  Brightest in a group of 10 galaxies (including 5 NGCs) in a 20' field.

 

The two closest galaxies are NGC 1061 2.5' N and PGC 213071 3' SSE ("extremely faint, small, roundish, 12"-15").  On the south side of the cluster is MCG +05-07-034 ("fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter, fairly low even surface brightness.  Two mag 14.8/15.1 stars at 11" separation lie 1.7' SE.  Located 9.6' S of NGC 1060).  CGCG 505-042 is 4.9' further east-southeast.  It was logged as moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, 21"x14", fairly high surface brighness.  A mag 14.5 star is 1.5' E.

 

18" (1/26/11): bright, fairly large, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, large low surface brightness halo extends 2.0'x1.5'.  Sharply concentrated with a large, very bright core that is well concentrated to the center.  Brightest in a group of 5 NGC galaxies including NGC 1061 2.5' N, NGC 1057 4.8' NW, NGC 1066 8' NE and NGC 1067 9' NE.  Located 10' WNW of mag 7.4 HD 16954.

 

17.5" (11/27/92): moderately bright, fairly small, round, halo gradually brightens to small bright core, stellar nucleus.  Located 10' WNW of mag 7.7 SAO 55822.  Brightest in a group with NGC 1061 2.5' N and NGC 1066 8' ENE.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1060 = H. III-162 = h257, along with NGC 1066, on 12 Sep 1784 (sweep 268).  He described them together as "Two, both vF, pS, R, little brighter middle."  His position was off by 15 seconds of RA too far east and 3' north.   Earlier in the same sweep he discovered the trio NGC 379, 380 and 383 in the Pisces Group, as well as the pair NGC 407 and 410, as well as 5 galaxies in the NGC 507 group (in two fields) and the pair (in two fields) NGC 736 and 750!

 

John Herschel made 3 observations and mentioned a "red *7.8 43.5 seconds preceding", though the star is ESE.

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NGC 1061 = MCG +05-07-036 = CGCG 505-039 = WBL 085-003 = PGC 10303

02 43 15.8 +32 28 00; Tri

V = 14.0;  Size 0.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 25°

 

24" (9/23/17): at 260x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 SW-NE, 32"x24", very weak concentration.  Located 2.5' N of NGC 1060 (brightest in a group) with NGC 1057 3' NW and NGC 1060 7' E.

 

24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 24"x18", even surface brightness.  NGC 1057 is 3.1' NW and NGC 1060 is 2.5' S.

 

18" (1/26/11): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 30"x20".  Located in the center of the group, 2.5' N of NGC 1060.  NGC 1057 lies 3' NW.

 

17.5" (11/27/92): very faint, very small, round, even surface brightness.  Located 2.5' N of NGC 1060 in a group.

 

George Johnstone Stoney, Lord Rosse's assistant, discovered NGC 1061 in December 1849 and logged "pF, S, R".  The diagram made in 1850 matches CGCG 505-039 = PGC 10303.

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NGC 1062

02 43 24.0 +32 27 44; Tri

 

= *, Gottlieb and Corwin.  The RNGC and RC3 identification of NGC 1062 = UGC 2201 is incorrect, but here are my notes on UGC 2201.

 

24" (2/7/16): extremely faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 E-W, ~30"x10".  This low surface brightness edge-on was only occasionally glimpsed with effort.  Situated 1.8' NW of NGC 1066 and 1.7' SW of NGC 1067 in the NGC 1060 = WBL 085 cluster.

 

Ralph Copeland discovered NGC 1062 on 11 Oct 1873 as observing assistant on the 72" at Birr Castle.  He placed this object with respect to NGC 1061 at 116.8" in PA 97.6 deg (ESE). At this offset (1.9' ESE of NGC 1061) is an extremely faint star.  RNGC and RC3 (as well as SIMBAD and other sources) misidentify UGC 2201 = PGC 10331 as NGC 1062.  This galaxy is located over 6' ENE of NGC 1061.  See my RNGC Corrections #2 and Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1063 = MCG -01-07-036 = PGC 10232

02 42 10.0 -05 34 07; Cet

V = 14.3;  Size 1.4'x0.5';  Surf Br = 14.0;  PA = 105°

 

17.5" (11/28/97): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~E-W, 0.8'x0.5', low even surface brightness.  Preceded by a wide pair of mag 11/13 stars ~4' W.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1063 = St. 12-23 on 16 Nov 1881 with the 31" reflector at Marseilles Observatory.  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1064 = MCG -02-07-071 = PGC 10249

02 42 23.5 -09 21 44; Cet

V = 13.7;  Size 1.1'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 30°

 

17.5" (11/10/96): very faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter.  Requires averted vision but can hold with concentration due to a very low even surface brightness.  Forms a pair with brighter MCG -2-7-72 6.8' SSE (on the first observation of the field, this galaxy was assumed to be NGC 1064) and it is surprising that Leavenworth did not pick up MCG -2-7-72.

 

NGC 1064 is a face-on spiral with a small core and much fainter arms (halo) and I missed it twice from the brighter skies east of Mt Hamilton.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1064 = LM 2-345 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His position is just 0.2 tsec west of MCG -02-07-071 = PGC 10249. This galaxy was missed on two attempts from Digger Pines although nearby MCG -02-07-072 was viewed!  (finally picked up at Fiddletown).

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NGC 1065 = MCG -03-07-059 = PGC 10228

02 42 06.2 -15 05 30; Cet

V = 13.5;  Size 0.8'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.7

 

24" (1/23/22): at 375x; relatively bright, fairly small, round, 30" diameter.  Contains a very bright core with a stellar nucleus and a low surface brightness halo.  Forms a pair with similar IC 253 2.7' N.  Both of these galaxies have dim companions at similar separations.  IC 254, just 1' SSW, appeared very faint, round, 15" diameter.  Mag 7.3 HD 16826 is 9' W.

 

17.5" (12/20/95): In a trio with slightly brighter IC 253 2.7' N and extremely faint IC 252 just 1.0' SSW (forms compact galaxy group SCG 19).  Appears faint, small, irregularly round, 25" diameter.  There is no core but contains a definite faint stellar nucleus.  A mag 11 star is 2.9' SE of center.  Located 9' E of mag 7.6 SAO 48549.

 

IC 253 is fairly faint, fairly small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus, 30" diameter.  IC 254 is an extremely faint, round, barely nonstellar spot just 1.0' SSW of NGC 1065.  Requires averted vision to glimpse and <10" diameter.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1065 = Sw. 5-38 on 29 Sep 1886 and reported "eeF, pS, * nr s, B* preceding, e difficult".  His position is just 4 seconds of RA west of MCG -03-07-059 (his dec is good) and the description matches, so the identification appears secure.  Still, I'm surprised he missed nearby IC 253 to the north, which Javelle discovered later at the Nice Observatory and has a slightly brighter core.  RNGC mistakenly equates NGC 1065 and IC 254 (a separate galaxy).

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NGC 1066 = UGC 2203 = MCG +05-07-042 = WBL 085-006 = PGC 10338

02 43 49.9 +32 28 30; Tri

V = 13.3;  Size 1.7'x1.6';  Surf Br = 14.3

 

24" (9/23/17): at 260x; fairly bright, large, slightly elongated, well concentrated with a bright core and low surface brightness halo ~1.5'x1.2'.  A mag 7.4 star (HD 16954) lies 7' SSE. NGC 1066 is the second brightest member of the NGC 1060 group = WBL 85, with NGC 1067 2.2' N.

 

24" (2/7/16): moderately to fairly bright, moderately large, slightly elongated SW-NE, 1.3'x1.0', well concentrated core increases to the center, occasional faint stellar nucleus.  Second brightest and largest in the cluster (WBL 085).  In a small trio with NGC 1067 2.2' N and UGC 2201 1.7' NW.

 

UGC 2201, which is misidentified as NGC 1062 in RNGC, RC3 and SIMBAD, is an extremely low surface brightness edge-on and was only occasionally glimpsed, extending ~30"x10" E-W.  UGC 2202, situated 5.1' S, appeared very faint, small, round, low even surface brightness, 18" diameter.  A mag 13 star is 0.8' W. This dwarf irregular is located just 2.8' NW of mag 7.4 HD 16954 and it helped to place the star just outside the field.  MCG +05-07-046 is 10.6' SE and 5' ESE of the bright star.  It appeared very faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 E-W, 25"x14", low surface brightness, no concentration.

 

18" (1/26/11): moderately bright, fairly large, irregularly round, 1.5'x1.2', broad concentration in halo.  Contains a small brighter core that increases to the center.  Forms a pair with NGC 1067 2.2' due north.  Located 8' NE of NGC 1060 and 7' NNW of mag 7.4 HD 16954.

 

17.5" (11/27/92): faint, moderately large, slightly elongated N-S, 1.5'x1.3'.  Similar size to NGC 1060 8' WSW but one magnitude fainter.  Broadly concentrated halo but no well defined core.  Located 7' NNW of mag 7.7 SAO 55822.  Forms a pair with NGC 1067 2.2' N, also nearby is NGC 1061 7' W.  Appears brighter than the CGCG mag of 14.9.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1066 = H. III-163 = h260, along with NGC 1060, on 12 Sep 1784 (sweep 268).  He recorded the pair together as "Two, both vF, pS, R little brighter in the middle."  This galaxy was observed 10 times at Birr Castle!

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NGC 1067 = UGC 2204 = MCG +05-07-043 = WBL 085-007 = PGC 10339

02 43 50.6 +32 30 42; Tri

V = 13.7;  Size 1.0'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.6

 

24" (9/23/17): at 260x; faint, fairly small, round, low surface brightness, 30-35" diameter.  SN 2017gjn (Type 1a), discovered 1' NNW of center on 24 August, was visible as a mag 15.5 "star".

 

24" (2/7/16): fairly faint, fairly small, roundish, low surface brightness with a broad weak concentration [face-on Sc].  In a small trio with NGC 1066 2.2' S and UGC 2201 1.7' SW.  Situated 8' NE of NGC 1060 (brightest in the cluster) and 6.7' NNW of mag 7.4 HD 16954.

 

18" (1/26/11): very faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~40"x35", very low surface brightness, very weak concentration.  Located 2.2' N of NGC 1066 in a group of 5 NGC galaxies.

 

17.5" (11/27/92): very faint, very small, round, low surface brightness.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1066 2.2' S in the NGC 1060 group.  UGC 2201 (misidentified in the RNGC and RC3 as NGC 1062) is 1.6' SW and was not seen.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1067 = h261 on 22 Nov 1827 and reported "eF; S; the nf of two [with NGC 1066].  Change in polar distance estimated at 3'."  The actual separation is 2.2'.

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NGC 1068 = M77 = Arp 37 = UGC 2188 = MCG +00-07-083 = Cetus A = 3C 71 = LGG 073-002 = PGC 10266

02 42 40.3 -00 00 48; Cet

V = 8.9;  Size 7.1'x6.0';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 70°

 

48" (10/26/11): at 375x; the view through Lowrey's 48-inch was remarkable.  Spiral arm structure was easily visible with two main arms in the central halo and a bright inner arm around the nucleus and core.  The bright inner arm attaches at the east side of the intense core, wraps tightly clockwise around the north side of the core and heads south on the west side of the core.  There were two main arms in the central halo forming an elongated "S" pattern.  A long spiral arm is attached near the east side of the core and wraps clockwise outside the inner arm described above.  It continues around to the west side and heads south, ending near a compact HII knot ([EKS96] 19 from Evans et al 1996 "Atlas of H II Regions in Nearby Seyfert Galaxies").  A second long spiral arm is attached on the southwest side of the core and wraps clockwise to the east side of the core, passing inside of a 10" HII knot [EKS96] 79/80].  The arm rotates to the northern edge of the halo.  Besides these main arms, several fainter sections of additional arms are tightly wrapped in the central halo.  The main central region of the galaxy is encased in a very large, low surface brightness outer halo, extendng ~6'x5' WSW-ENE.  NGC 1055, part of the M77 group, lies 30' NNE.

 

18" (10/21/06): very bright, fairly large oval, extended 4:3 SW-NE, ~3.5'x2.5'.  Sharply concentrated with a very bright, oval core containing a sharp, very bright stellar nucleus.  There was a strong impression of mottling or spiral structure in the halo with a curving dust lane (gap between the spiral arms) embedded in the halo that swings around from the southwest side of the halo towards the north along the west side of the core.  Inner arm detail was also suggested around the edge of the halo with an impression of mottling or turbulence.  A mag 11 star is just off the SE side, ~1.5' from the center. 

 

17.5" (11/14/87): very bright, moderately large, sharp concentration with an unusually bright core, almost stellar nucleus, diffuse slightly elongated halo.  Appears mottled at high power and a hint of inner arm structure.  A mag 11 star is 1.3' ESE of the center.  This is a Seyfert 2 galaxy and brightest in a group with NGC 1055 and 1073.

 

14.5" (12/17/20): very bright, moderately large, slightly elongated, ~2.4'x2.0'.  Very sharp and strong concentration with a very intense core punctuated by a brilliant stellar-like nucleus.  The (central) halo has a slightly irregular surface brightness.  A mag 10.8 star is barely off the SE flank, 1.4' from center.

 

8" (11/28/81): bright, intense core, faint halo.

 

Pierre Méchain discovered M77 = NGC 1068 = h262 on 29 Oct 1780.  After Messier was notified of the discovery, he observed it in December and called it a "cluster of small stars which contains some nebulosity."

 

William Herschel first observed M77 on 20 September 1783 with his 6.2" telescope and called it "an ill defined star, surrounded by nebulosity. " Through his 20-ft telescope (12" aperture) he called M77 "Very bright; an irregular extended nucleus with milky chevelure, 3 or 4' long, near 3' broad."  In later observations with his large 10-foot telescope, he also noted it was "A kind of much magnified stellar cluster; it contains some bright stars in the centre."  In addition, he logged M77 on 5 different sweeps in his 18.7".

 

Lord Rosse's assistant George Johnstone Stoney first observed M77 on 4 Dec 1848 and called it "a blue spiral?"  M77 was included in the list of "Spiral or curvilinear" object in Rosse's 1850 PT paper.  Observing assistant Bindon Stoney made a sketch on 24 Nov 1851 (the description reads "The central part is, I am nearly sure, spiral") shown on plate XXV, figure 6 in LdR's 1861 paper (also Plate 1, Figure 4 in the 1880 publication).  William Lassell's 1863 sketch, made using 760x with his 48-inch from Malta, shows a tight spiral emanating from a bright stellar nucleus and wrapping a full 360°.

 

Isaac Roberts' photograph in 1892 revealed considerable structure in the central region with a "dense composite nucleus, bounded by a broad nebulous ring, which is studded with strong condensations.."

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NGC 1069 = MCG -01-07-038 = PGC 10285

02 42 59.7 -08 17 22; Cet

V = 13.7;  Size 1.5'x1.0';  Surf Br = 14.0;  PA = 145°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 1.4'x0.7', slightly brighter core.  A mag 12 star lies 2.2' NE.  Located 4.9' W of mag 8.8 SAO 130077 at the east edge of the NGC 1052 group.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1069 = Sw. 5-39 on 29 Sep 1886 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory and recorded "eeF; pS; R; between two dist stars; B* nr following."  Swift's position is just 6 tsec west of MCG -01-07-038 = PGC 10285 and his comment "B * nr foll" applies to this galaxy.

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NGC 1070 = UGC 2200 = MCG +01-07-026 = CGCG 414-045 = PGC 10309

02 43 22.2 +04 58 05; Cet

V = 11.9;  Size 2.3'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 175°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 N-S.  Contains a well-defined bright, round core which is evenly concentrated to the center.  A mag 11 star lies 2.4' SSW of center.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1070 = H. II-273 = h263 on 13 Dec 1784 (sweep 338) and noted "F, S, iR."   On 16 Oct 1827 (sweep 95), John Herschel logged it as "pB; R; gradually brighter in the middle; 15" [diameter]."  Stephan made observations on 31 Oct 1869, 24 Nov 1875 and 5 Dec 1877 at Marseilles.

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NGC 1071 = MCG -02-07-077 = PGC 10290

02 43 07.8 -08 46 26; Cet

V = 14.5;  Size 1.1'x0.5';  Surf Br = 14.0;  PA = 160°

 

17.5" (11/28/97): extremely faint, small, round, 25" diameter, very low surface brightness, no concentration.  Requires averted vision and probably only viewed the core as this galaxy has low surface brightness arms.  Nearly collinear with two mag 11/12 stars 3.3' E and 4.6' W, respectively.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1071 = LM 2-346 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and logged "0.3'x0.1', pE 180°, *10, p 16s; *9, f 15s".  His position is an exact match with MCG -02-07-077 as well as the two mentioned stars, although they are a couple of magnitudes fainter than given.

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NGC 1072 = IC 1837? = UGC 2208 = MCG +00-07-088 = CGCG 388-103 = PGC 10315

02 43 31.3 +00 18 25; Cet

V = 13.4;  Size 1.5'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 11°

 

18" (1/15/07): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~0.9'x0.5'.  Contains a moderately bright roundish core with much fainter extensions N-S.  A mag 11 star lies 3.9' NNW and a pair of mag 11/13 stars at 14" is 4.7' SE.  Located 23' NE of M77. 

 

17.5" (11/14/87): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 ~N-S, bright core.  Located 23' NNE of M77. 

 

13.1" (9/3/83): very faint, thin, very elongated SSW-NNE.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1072 = St. 12-24 on 31 Oct 1877, after observing nearby NGC 1055.  His position in his 12th discovery list (reduced on 20 Dec 1881) is accurate.  Stephane Javelle found NGC 1072 on 24 Jan 1898 and reported it in his 3rd discovery list (#945, later IC 1837), but Harold Corwin comments that Javelle reversed the sign of his declination offset from his reference star.  Once corrected, IC 1837 = NGC 1072.  Although this is a reasonable assumption (it occured in several other cases), I'm surprised that Javelle described IC 1837 as round as NGC 1072 appeared noticeably elongated in both of my observations.  The RNGC has a typo with the RA given as 00 01.3 (1975).

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NGC 1073 = UGC 2210 = MCG +00-08-001 = CGCG 389-002 = LGG 073-003 = PGC 10329

02 43 40.3 +01 22 33; Cet

V = 11.0;  Size 4.9'x4.5';  Surf Br = 14.2;  PA = 15°

 

48" (10/24/14): at 488x; the central bar is very bright and well-defined, extending 1.0'x0.3' SW-NE. An easily visible spiral arm is attached at the northeast end of the bar and extends at a right angle to the northwest, passing through a mag 16 star [50" N of center].  The arm then dims but sweeps clockwise around the west side, and merges with the second arm attached at the southwest end of the bar. As a result, the galaxy appears to have a single continuous arm rotating ~270° and ending on the southeast side, ~1.2' from center!  The outer part of the halo has a low surface brightness but extends at least 4' in diameter.  Another mag 16 star is on the southwest side of the halo [1.4' from center].

 

At least three HII complexes were identified.  The brightest is NGC 1073:[HK 83] 6/9, an elongated patch ~13"x8" E-W, situated at or just beyond the southeast end of the spiral arm [1.4' from center].  A small, fainter knot close west, [HK83] 19, was difficult to resolve.  [HK83] 69, a faint 10" knot, is on the west side of the halo (beyond the arm) [1.4' due west of center].  Finally, [HK83] 49 is a third 10" knot of low contrast in the northwest outer halo [1.9' NNW of center].  The designations are from Hodge and Kennicutt's 1983 "An Atlas of HII Regions in 125 Galaxies".

 

13.1" (9/3/83): fairly faint, large, even surface brightness, round.  An equilateral triangle consisting of three mag 9.5-10.5 stars with sides 5' lies SW. 

 

8" (11/28/81): very faint, fairly large, very diffuse, round.  Three mag 10 stars are close SW.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1073 = H. III-455 on 9 Oct 1785 (sweep 463) and recorded "vF, vL, little brighter middle, 6 or 7' diameter".  He noted it was  "easily resolvable" on a later sweep. The mottling he noted is due to numerous HII knots.

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NGC 1074 = MCG -03-08-001 = PGC 10324

02 43 36.1 -16 17 50; Cet

V = 13.7;  Size 1.9'x1.2';  Surf Br = 14.4;  PA = 167°

 

17.5" (12/20/95): very faint, small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 50"x35", low surface brightness.  A mag 13 star is 2.8' SSW of center.  Forms a pair with NGC 1075 5.8' N.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1074 = LM 1-63 on 28 Nov 1885 with the 26" Leander McCormick refractor.  His rough position essentially matches MCG -03-08-001 = PGC 10324. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1075 = MCG -03-08-002 = PGC 10320

02 43 33.5 -16 12 05; Cet

V = 13.9;  Size 0.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 153°

 

17.5" (12/20/95): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter.  Requires averted vision.  Forms a pair with NGC 1074 5.8' S.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1075 = LM 1-64 on 28 Nov 1885 with the Leander McCormick 26" refractor.  His approximate RA (nearest min of RA) is just 0.6 tmin west, though 2' south of MCG -03-08-002 = PGC 10320.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes) and "noticed that NGC 1075 "really precedes 1074".  I'm surprised that Leavenworth described this galaxy as brighter than NGC 1074 (mag 14.0 vs. mag 15.5).

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NGC 1076 = MCG -03-08-003 = PGC 10313

02 43 29.2 -14 45 16; Cet

V = 12.3;  Size 1.8'x1.1';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 99°

 

17.5" (12/20/95): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 E-W, 1.5'x0.7', broad concentration with a large brighter core.  Located 5.4' W of mag 9.4 SAO 148572.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1076 = Sw. 3-20 on 29 Dec 1885 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory and commented "vF; pS; R; B* 22s east".  His position is 7 tsec of RA east of MCG -03-08-003 = PGC 10313 and the bright star is accurated placed.

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NGC 1077 = UGC 2230 = MCG +07-06-069 = CGCG 539-095 = PGC 10468

02 46 00.7 +40 05 24; Per

V = 13.7;  Size 1.3'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 165°

 

17.5" (12/23/92): faint, small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, almost even fairly low surface brightness.  Forms a double system with NGC 1077b = MCG +07-06-068 at 0.5' ENE (not seen).

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1077 = Sw. 2-23 on 16 Aug 1885 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory and placed accurately.  This is a double system (with PGC 10465), though the brighter southwestern component is called NGC 1077B in the MCG. The RNGC magnitude of 16.0 is in error.

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NGC 1078 = MCG -02-08-001 = PGC 10362

02 44 08.0 -09 27 08; Cet

V = 14.5;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 14.1

 

17.5" (12/20/95): very faint, very small, round.  Contains a 10" brighter core surrounded by a 25" halo.  A mag 10 star lies 5.8' NNW.  Located close to the Eridanus border.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1078 = LM 2-347 in 1886 with the 26" Leander McCormick refractor and noted a "mag 9.5 star follows 30 sec, south 2'."  His position is 0.3 tmin east of MCG -02-08-001 = PGC 10362 and the description applies.

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NGC 1079 = ESO 416-013 = MCG -05-07-017 = LGG 075-001 = PGC 10330

02 43 44.5 -29 00 11; For

V = 11.5;  Size 3.5'x2.1';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 87°

 

13.1" (10/10/86): moderately bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 E-W, bright core, faint stellar nucleus, faint elongated halo. Member of the NGC 1097 group (LGG 075).

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1079 = h2494 on 14 Nov 1835 and logged "B, pmE, suddenly brighter in the middle, 90" long, 40" broad". His position is accurate.

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NGC 1080 = MCG -01-08-003 = PGC 10416

02 45 10.0 -04 42 39; Cet

V = 13.5;  Size 1.1'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 160°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter, almost even surface brightness, well-defined halo.  Several stars are near and forms the west vertex of an equilateral triangle with two mag 12.5/13.5 stars 2.7' SE and 2.6' NE of center.  A brighter mag 11.5 star lies 3.5' W.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1080 = Sw. 5-40 on 21 Oct 1886 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position is 5 tsec east and 15" north of MCG -01-08-003 = PGC 10416.

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NGC 1081 = MCG -03-08-010 = PGC 10411

02 45 05.5 -15 35 17; Eri

V = 13.3;  Size 1.7'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 27°

 

18" (11/26/03): at 160x appears faint, fairly small, very elongated 5:2 or 3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.35', low even surface brightness.  Located 10' S of mag 7.6 SAO 14856.  NGC 1105 = IC 1840 lies 20' WSW and NGC 1083 is 16' NE.

 

17.5" (11/26/94): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 1.2'x0.5', uniform surface brightness.  Located 10' SSW of mag 8.2 SAO 148586 at the edge of the 220x field.  A wide pair of mag 11/12 stars at 1.1' separation is 5' E and a mag 14.5 star is 2' NE.  The mag 8 star to the north is surrounded by a halo of 7 faint mag 14 stars!  First of three with NGC 1083 16' NE.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1081 = Sw. 5-41 on 21 Oct 1886 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory.  His position is 5 tsec of RA west of MCG -03-08-010 = PGC 10411 (same offset as NGC 1083).

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NGC 1082 = MCG -01-08-004 = PGC 10447

02 45 41.2 -08 10 50; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 0.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 90°

 

17.5" (12/20/95): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~E-W, 0.8'x0.6'.  Fairly sharp concentration with a well-defined 20" core.  A mag 12.5 star lies 2.4' N of center.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1082 = Sw. 5-42 on 29 Sep 1886 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory.  His position is accurate. The RNGC declination is 2' too far south.

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NGC 1083 = MCG -03-08-015 = PGC 10445

02 45 40.6 -15 21 29; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 1.7'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 17°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly faint but striking edge-on streak 5:1 SSW-NNE, 1.5'x0.3'.  Weak concentration with no distinct core.  Located almost at the midpoint of two mag 11 stars 2.5' NW and 3.2' SE.  Second of three on a line with NGC 1081 16' SW and NGC 1089 18' NE.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1083 = Sw. 5-43 on 29 Sep 1886 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory and reported "eeF; pS; vE; surrounded by 5 or 6 stars; np of 2 [with NGC 1089].  His position is close to MCG -03-08-015 = PGC 10445 and the comment "surrounded by 5 or 6 stars" applies.  His comment "np of 2" should read "sp of 2".

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NGC 1084 = MCG -01-08-007 = LGG 071-010 =PGC 10464

02 45 59.8 -07 34 42; Eri

V = 10.7;  Size 3.2'x1.8';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 35°

 

17.5" (10/21/95): very bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 2.5'x1.2', broad concentration with a large bright core.  Irregular mottled appearance or dust or dark lanes on the east side.  The west side has a symmetric bulging appearance but there are dark indentations or bays on the NE and SE sides of the halo (probably between the spiral arms).  Member of the NGC 1052 group (LGG 071).

 

8" (10/31/81): bright, moderately large, elongated.  Three mag 9-10 stars lie 13' N, 15' NNE and 16' NNW.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1084 = H. I-64 = h264 on 10 Jan 1785 (sweep 355). He recorded "vB, pL, lE, mbM" and measured an accurate position.

 

The galaxy was observed 8 times at Birr Castle, the earliest by George Johnstone Stoney on 12 Nov 1848. He called it "a curious object with dark spaces."  On 16 Oct 1855, assistant R.J. Mitchell called this a "Fine oval neb, has nucl, light mottled, sometimes I thought I saw a dark bay north of Nucl, certainly the neb is brighter along n and nf side than in the part intervening between that and the nucleus".  Lassell's sketch shows a very tight spiral wrapping 1 1/2 revolutions around a stellar nucleus. He noted "A very obscure faint spiral nebula of apparently this form with power 760.”

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NGC 1085 = UGC 2241 = MCG +00-08-010 = CGCG 389-008 = PGC 10498

02 46 25.3 +03 36 26; Cet

V = 12.3;  Size 3.0'x2.1';  Surf Br = 14.1;  PA = 15°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 1.2'x0.8', gradually increases to a small bright core.  Forms the east vertex of an equilateral triangle with two mag 10.5/12.5 stars 4' SW and NW.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1085 on 26 Sep 1865 with an 11" refractor at Copenhagen.  He noted the nebula was between two mag 11-12 stars - one preceding by 14.5 seconds [4' SW] and the other following by 18.5 seconds [4.6' E].

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NGC 1086 = UGC 2258 = MCG +07-06-071 = CGCG 539-101 = PGC 10587

02 47 56.4 +41 14 47; Per

V = 12.8;  Size 1.5'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 35°

 

17.5" (10/24/87 and 12/23/92): faint, small, slightly elongated, almost even surface brightness, rich star field.  A pretty double star lies 5' SE (9.3/11.3 at 8" in PA 90°).  Surrounded by several mag 14-15 stars.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1086 = Sw. 2-24 on 30 Nov 1877.  His rough unpublished position was 5.5' due E, consistent with the other positions taken immediately before and afterwards.  He never measured an accurate position and published the discovery.

 

Lewis Swift rediscovered NGC 1086 on 20 Aug 1885 and recorded "vF; pS; D* near".  His RA in his second discovery list (#24) is 13 seconds too large, but there are no other nearby candidates and a nearby double star is 4.8' SE.

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NGC 1087 = UGC 2245 = MCG +00-08-009 = CGCG 389-010 = PGC 10496

02 46 25.1 -00 29 55; Cet

V = 10.9;  Size 3.7'x2.2';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 5°

 

18" (1/15/07): fairly bright, fairly large, round, 1.7' diameter.  Broad concentration with an ill defined core which appears to be offset towards the west side.  The halo gradually fades into the background.  MCG +00-08-012, located 3.5' NE, was just glimpsed.

 

17.5" (11/14/87): bright, fairly large, elongated 3:2 N-S, gradually brighter halo, small bright core.  Two mag 11 stars 2.9' NE and 3.8' ESE of center are part of a string of brighter stars oriented NW-SE.  NGC 1090 lies 15' NNE.  Nearby MCG +00-08-012 was not seen.

 

13.1" (9/3/83): fairly bright, moderately large, weak concentration, elongated N-S.

 

8" (12/6/80): faint, fairly small, diffuse.  Located near a string of mag 10 stars.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1087 = H. II-466 = h265 on 9 Oct 1785 (sweep 463) and noted "pB, cL, R, mbM."  A month later on 7 Nov 1785 (sweep 470) he logged "pB, pL, irr R."

 

Based on photos taken at the Helwan Observatoiry in 1919-20, the galaxy was described as "B, 3' x 1.5', E 10° ±, spiral with fairly sharp BN and about 20 bright, almost stellar condensations; the whols in south portion of nebula are fairly normal, but the north portion is rather curious."

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NGC 1088 = UGC 2253 = MCG +03-08-009 = CGCG 463-011 = PGC 10536

02 47 04.0 +16 12 00; Ari

V = 13.7;  Size 0.9'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 100°

 

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 E-W, ~30" diameter, very small brighter nucleus, faint outer halo.  A mag 14.2 star is 1.2' NW.

 

IC 255, situated 5' N, appeared extremely faint, small, elongated 2:1 ~N-S, ~20"x10", very low even surface brightness.

 

17.5" (11/10/96): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.5'.  Faint stellar nucleus at moments.  A mag 13.5 star is 1.2' NW.  The main body appears elongated E-W on the POSS.  IC 255 wasn't seen.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1088 = H. III-582 on 25 Oct 1786 (sweep 623) and noted "vF, S, irr F."  His position was 2' too far south.  About a half-hour later the sweep was interrupted when Jupiter entered the field. John Herschel made no published observations.

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NGC 1089 = MCG -03-08-020 = PGC 10481

02 46 10.1 -15 04 23; Eri

V = 13.5;  Size 0.9'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 15°

 

24" (1/28/17): at 282x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S, ~0.5'x0.4', very small brighter core, occasional stellar nucleus.

 

Arp 131, a close interacting pair consisting of MCG -03-08-025 and -026 off the northeast side [52" between centers], lies 24' NE.  MCG -03-08-025 appeared fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 30"x24", strongly concentrated with a very small bright nucleus.  MCG -03-08-026 was faint, small, round, 15" diameter, no zones.

 

17.5" (11/26/94): very faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter. Symmetrical appearance with a weak, even concentration to a faint stellar nucleus.  Third of three on a line with NGC 1083 18' SSW and NGC 1081 34' SSW.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1089 = Sw. 5-44 on 29 Sep 1886 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory and noted "eeF, S, R, sf of 2 [with NGC 1083]".  His position is 9 seconds of RA west of MCG -03-08-020, though his comment "sf of 2" should read "nf of 2".  Dreyer noted this correction in a short errata list at the end of the NGC.

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NGC 1090 = UGC 2247 = MCG +00-08-011 = CGCG 389-011 = PGC 10507

02 46 33.9 -00 14 50; Cet

V = 11.8;  Size 4.0'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 102°

 

18" (1/15/07): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated ~5:2 WNW-ESE, ~2.5'x1', broad mild concentration to a fairly large, slightly brighter core which has a mottled texture.  A mag 15 star is just off the the south edge and an 11th magnitude star lies 3' N.

 

17.5" (11/14/87): moderately bright, moderately large, oval ~E-W, weak concentration.  A mag 15 star is at the south edge 42" from center and a mag 11.5 star is 3.1' N.  NGC 1087 lies 15' S and NGC 1094 is 14' ESE.

 

13.1" (9/3/83): faint, moderately large, diffuse, slightly elongated ~E-W.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1090 = H. II-465 = h266 on 9 Oct 1785 (sweep 463) and recorded "F, pL, R, bM."

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NGC 1091 = HCG 21E = ESO 546-016 = MCG -03-08-013 = PGC 10424

02 45 22.4 -17 32 00; Eri

V = 14.1;  Size 0.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 77°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): very faint, very small, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, 0.7'x0.5', no concentration.  A mag 11.5 star is 2.4' NNW of center.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1092 1.8' ESE.  Member of HCG 21 with NGC 1098 10' SW, NGC 1100 10' S and NGC 1099 11' S.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1091 = LM 1-65 (along with NGC 1092, 1098, 1099 and 1100) on 17 Oct 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His position is just 1' too far south.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1897 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1092 = HCG 21D = ESO 546-017 = MCG -03-08-014 = PGC 10432

02 45 29.5 -17 32 32; Eri

V = 13.4;  Size 0.9'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 170°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): faint, small, round, 40" diameter, increases to a bright core.  Brighter of a close pair with NGC 1091 1.8' WNW.  Last in HCG 21, consisting of five faint galaxies with NGC 1091, NGC 1098, NGC 1099 and NGC 1100.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1092 = LM 1-66 (along with NGC 1091 and 1098) on 17 Oct 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick.  Herbert Howe's corrected position, repeated in the IC 2 notes, is accurate.  Howe also noted that NGC 1092 is "considerably brighter than its companion" although both were described by Leavenworth as "vF".

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NGC 1093 = UGC 2274 = MCG +06-07-011 = CGCG 524-022 = PGC 10606

02 48 16.2 +34 25 12; Tri

V = 13.1;  Size 1.8'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 100°

 

17.5" (12/23/92): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated 4:3 WNW-ESE, fairly low almost even surface brightness.  Located 4.3' SSE of a mag 9.5 star.

 

Édouard Stephan probably discovered NGC 1093 = St. 10-14 on 29 Nov 1875 and recorded a rough position 2' to the SE.  He possibly made an earlier discovery on 30 Nov 1886, though the position was off by 30'.  His published micrometric position (list 10, #14) was made on 6 Dec 1879.

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NGC 1094 = UGC 2262 = MCG +00-08-015 = CGCG 389-016 = PGC 10559

02 47 27.8 -00 17 06; Cet

V = 12.5;  Size 1.3'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 85°

 

18" (1/15/07): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 E-W, ~1'x0.6', broad weak concentration.  Forms a close pair with CGCG 389-017 = PGC 10560 1' N.  This companion appeared extremely faint, very small, elongated 2:1 WSW-ENE, 20"x10".  It required needed averted vision to just glimpse and was too faint for details but I was confident of the sighting.  NGC 1094 is less than 5' S of a mag 9.5 star.

 

17.5" (11/14/87): fairly faint, very small, round, bright core.  NGC 1087 lies 20' SW and NGC 1090 14' WNW.  Located 4.8' S of mag 9.1 SAO 130113.  Forms a close pair with MCG +00-08-014 1.1' N (not seen).

 

13.1" (9/3/83): very faint, very small, almost round.  Located 14' ESE of NGC 1090.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1094 = H. III-462 = h267 on 7 Nov 1785 (sweep 470) and noted "vF, S."  His position is 1' S of UGC 2262 = PGC 10559.  The RA in the UGC is 1 hour too large.

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NGC 1095 = UGC 2264 = MCG +01-08-001 = CGCG 415-008 = PGC 10566

02 47 37.9 +04 38 15; Cet

V = 13.3;  Size 1.3'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 45°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): very faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 1.2'x0.8'.  Appears as a low unconcentrated glow just 2.0' SE of a mag 10 star which hampers viewing.  Forms a pair with NGC 1101 10' SE.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1095 = St. 8b-8, along with NGC 1101, on 4 Nov 1875.  His published micrometric position (list 8b, #8) was made a year later on 11 Dec 1876 with description "eF, S, R, diameter = 0.7', very slight concentration."

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NGC 1096 = ESO 115-028 = AM 0242-600 = PGC 10336

02 43 49.4 -59 54 47; Hor

V = 12.8;  Size 1.9'x1.8';  Surf Br = 14.0

 

14" (4/7/16 - Coonabarabran, 178x): very faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 35"x25", fairly even surface brightness.  Mag 9.8 HD 17288 is 9' SSE (along with two nearby mag 12/13 stars).  Viewed through thin clouds.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1096 = h2496 on 3 Oct 1836 and logged "F, R, gradually little brighter middle, 30 arcsec."  His RA is 10 seconds west of ESO 115-028 = PGC 10336.

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NGC 1097 = Arp 77 NED2 = ESO 416-020 = MCG -05-07-024 = UGCA 41 = LGG 075-003 = PGC 10488

02 46 19.0 -30 16 29; For

V = 9.5;  Size 9.3'x6.3';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 130°

 

30" (10/13/15 - OzSky): NGC 1097 was one of the top highlights of my October 2015 trip to Australia.  At 303x; this showpiece barred spiral contains a bright central bar ~4.5'x1.5' NW-SE. The bar is sharply concentrated with an extremely bright, slightly elongated NW-SE core but no distinct stellar nucleus.

 

A prominent spiral arm is attached on the northwest end of the bar.  The arm is relatively thin, well defined and knotty as it curls counterclockwise to the east, dimming out gradually about 3' ENE of center.  A large bright knot is close to the northwest end of the bar, just inside the beginning of the arm and close east of a superimposed mag 14.5 star.  NED catalogues this region with the multiple designations NGC 1097:[EKS96] 148 and [EKS96] 151 from the 1996 "An Atlas of H II Regions in Nearby Seyfert Galaxies".  Roughly halfway along its length is a pair of fairly prominent HII knots.  The first is [EKS96] 245, a 12" knot 2.5' NNE of center.  Close east is slightly larger [EKS96] 300/304, 2.5' NE of center. The arm then fades as it passes just south of a mag 15 star.

 

At the southeast end of the bar a delicate, thin spiral arm unfurls counterclockwise towards the northwest.  About halfway along its length is a slightly brighter elongated patch extending ~30" in length, with designations [EKS96] 100/105/119 and others.  The arm dims out about 3' WSW of center.  The arms stretch about 6' tip to tip, giving overall dimensions of perhaps 7'x6'.

 

The satellite galaxy NGC 1097A is superimposed in the halo on the northwest side, 3.3' from center.  It appeared moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 WNW-ESE, 40"x20".

 

18" (12/30/08): very bright, large, very elongated NW-SE.  The brightest portion is the entire central "bar" which extends ~5'x1.5'.  This region is surrounded by a much fainter "halo", increasing the size to ~5'x3'.  The center is strongly concentrated to a very bright 50"x40" core, slightly elongated NW-SE.  At the northwest end of the bar, a very diffuse arm sweeps to the east in a counterclockwise direction for ~2.5' in length and appears to brighten or have a faint knot near the end.  At the southeast end of the bar, only a hint of a short extension sweeping west was detected.  A faint star (mag ~14.5) is along the west side at the northwest end of the main bar, near where the brighter arm is attached.  NGC 1097A, a small companion galaxy, is situated just off the NW side and appeared faint, very small, irregularly round, 25"x20".  Brightest in a group (LGG 075) including NGC 1079, IC 1826 and ESO 416-032.

 

17.5" (10/17/87): very bright, very large, very elongated NW-SE, very bright core.  A companion galaxy NGC 1097A is attached at the NW end.

 

14.5" (12/17/20): at 140x; bright, very large, elongated ~5:2 NW-SE, ~4.5'x2', sharply and strongly concentrated with a prominent core that increases to a very small (non-stellar) intensely bright nucleus. The outer halo is very diffuse but may increase the dimensions to 6'x4'.

 

NGC 1097A is situated 3.3' NW of center, and in line with the major axis.  It was faint but easily visible, elongated 2:1, 30"x15".

 

8" (10/31/81): bright, elongated NW-SE, bright core.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1097 = H. V-48 = h2495 on 9 Oct 1790 (sweep 972).  He logged "very bright, elongated 75° np to sf; about 8' long.  A very bright nucleus confined to a small part about 1' diameter."  Taking precession into account, this is the 4th most southerly galaxy that Herschel discovered.  In 1790 it culminated at an elevation of just 7.3°.  NGC 1366, which was discovered on the same sweep, is his southernmost discovery.

 

John Herschel recorded this barred spiral on 18 Nov 1835 (sweep 643) from South Africa as "B, L, vmE, pspmbM, 3' long; pos = 151.1°." The next night he logged "B, L, vmE, pretty suddenly very much bright middle to a pretty large, round nucleus; 4' long, 40" broad."  Dunlop's D 625 possibly refers to NGC 1097, although his position is too rough to make a positive identification.  He found a "round nebula, about 2' dia, very bright at the centre, and very faint from the centre to the margin , almost equally faint from the bright nucleus to the margin.  There are two pretty bright small stars following the nebula rather north."

 

NGC 1097 was photographed in 1919-1920 at the Helwan Observatory near Cairo and by Harlow Shapley and John Paraskevopoulos in the late 1930s with the 60-inch reflector (mirror originally from Andrew Ainslie Common) at Harvard's Boyden Station in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Shapley and  Paraskevopoulos remarked "The large nucleus shows a strong rift and a peculiar internal structure that perhaps result chiefly from the distribution of obscuration. Along the swollen or elliptical "bar" and in the spiral arms there are also peculiar obscurations and markings."

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NGC 1098 = HCG 21C = ESO 546-014 = MCG -03-08-008 = PGC 10403

02 44 53.7 -17 39 33; Eri

V = 12.6;  Size 1.8'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 102°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, 1.2'x0.8', small bright core, stellar nucleus with direct vision.  Located 5.2' SSW of mag 8.1 SAO 148582!  First in HCG 21 with NGC 1099 6.4' SE, NGC 1100 10.1' ESE, NGC 1091 10.2' NE and NGC 1092 11.1' NE.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1098 = LM 1-67, along with NGC 1091 = I-65 and NGC 1092 = I-66, on 17 Oct 1885.  There is nothing at his position but 2 tmin east and 2' north is ESO 546-014 = PGC 10403.  Leavenworth noted this was the "1st of 3" [with NGC 1099 and 1100] and this secures the identification.  Ormond Stone and Herbert Howe later measured accurate positions (Stone's is given in the IC 1 notes).

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NGC 1099 = HCG 21A = ESO 546-015 = MCG -03-08-011 = PGC 10422

02 45 17.6 -17 42 31; Eri

V = 13.1;  Size 1.8'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 10°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, 1.5'x0.5', no concentration.  Brightest in HCG 21 with NGC 1100 4.5' ENE and NGC 1098 6.4' NW.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1099 = LM 1-68 (along with NGC 1098 = I-67 and NGC 1100 = I-69) on 17 Oct 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory. Ormond Stone's corrected position in the IC 1 is accurate and Herbert Howe also measured an accurate position in 1899-00.

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NGC 1100 = HCG 21B = ESO 546-018 = MCG -03-08-016 = PGC 10438

02 45 36.0 -17 41 19; Eri

V = 13.0;  Size 1.7'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 58°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, weak concentration.  Similar appearance as NGC 1099 4.5' WSW.  A mag 14 star is off the SE side 1.7' from the center and a mag 13 star is 2.3' NNE.  About 9' N is pair of faint galaxies; NGC 1091 = HCG 21E and NGC 1092 = HCG 21D.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1100 = LM 1-69 (along with NGC 1098 = I-67 and NGC 1099 = I-68) on 17 Oct 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory. Ormond Stone's corrected position given in the IC 1 Notes is accurate and Herbert Howe also measured an accurate position in 1899-00 at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver.

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NGC 1101 = UGC 2278 = MCG +01-08-003 = PGC 10613

02 48 14.8 +04 34 41; Cet

V = 13.0;  Size 1.3'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 100°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 E-W, 0.8'x0.4', very small bright core.  Forms a "double" with a mag 13 star at the west end 24" from the center.  Starting about 4' SW is a very shallow arc of five mag 12-13 stars open to the NW with two 30" pairs at the SW and east ends of the arc and a total length of 4.5'.  Forms a pair with NGC 1095 10' NW.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1101 = St. 8b-9, along with NGC 1095, on 4 Nov 1875.  His published micrometric position (list 8b, #9) was made a year later on 22 Nov 1876 with description  "eF, eeS, R, bM, *13 preceding by 2 seconds in parallel."

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NGC 1102 = ESO 546-019 = MCG -04-07-040 = PGC 10545

02 47 12.9 -22 12 32; Eri

V = 14.4;  Size 0.8'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 89°

 

17.5" (12/20/95): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated, only glimpsed with averted vision.  Situated on a E-W line between two mag 12 and 13 stars 5.4' E and 4.4' W.  There are two mag 14 stars nearly collinear 1.6' and 2.4' S.  Located 17' due north of mag 6.5 SAO 168051.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1102 = LM 2-348 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and logged "mag 15.7, 0.2', R."  His position is 17 tsec east of ESO 546-019.  ESO misidentifies ESO 546-020 as NGC 1102.  This fainter galaxy is a better match in RA, but further off in declination (a less likely error).

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NGC 1103 = MCG -02-08-005 = PGC 10597

02 48 06.0 -13 57 35; Eri

V = 12.9;  Size 2.1'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 40°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): fairly faint, small, elongated 3:1 SW-NE.  Unusual appearance with a mag 12 star just at the NE end of this small streak.  Forms a pair with IC 1853 (noted as "extremely faint, very small") 2.0' SSW.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1103 = Sw. 3-21 on 26 Dec 1885 with the 16-inch refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position is 8 sec of RA west of MCG -02-08-005 = PGC 10597 and the comment "11 mag * close f" clinches this identification.  Herbert Howe, observing with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver, discovered nearby IC 1853 to the south.

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NGC 1104 = UGC 2287 = MCG +00-08-019 = CGCG 389-020 = PGC 10634

02 48 38.7 -00 16 17; Cet

V = 13.6;  Size 1.2'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 70°

 

18" (1/15/07): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3, very weak concentration except for a slightly brighter quasi-stellar nucleus.  A mag 13 star lies 1' S.

 

17.5" (11/14/87): very faint, very small, slightly elongated NW-SE.  A mag 14 star is 1.0' S of center.  Located 18' E of NGC 1094.

 

13.1" (9/3/83): extremely faint, very small.  A line of three stars is following and a faint star is off the SE edge.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1104 on 6 Nov 1864 with an 11" refractor at Copenhagen and logged "vF, vS, a mag 14 star is 50" south."  His position and description matches UGC 2287.  Édouard Stephan made an observation on 5 Dec 1877 after viewing NGC 1094 and credited d'Arrest.

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NGC 1105 = IC 1840 = MCG -03-08-004 = PGC 10333

02 43 42.0 -15 42 20; Cet

V = 14.3;  Size 0.7'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.4

 

18" (11/26/03): very faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.5'x0.4', broad concentration with a round 20" core.  Located 6' NW of mag 8.9 SAO 148573.  NGC 1081 lies 20' ENE.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1105 = LM 1-71 on 2 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  There is nothing at his position but Harold Corwin examined Leavenworth's discovery sketch and it matches PGC 10333, which is located 4.5 min of RA west of his position.

 

This galaxy was independently discovered by Herbert Howe on 30 Jan 1900, probably while searching for NGC 1105 at the NGC position, and reported it as new in list 3-7 (later IC 1840).  So, NGC 1105 = IC 1840.  Howe mentions he was unable to recover NGC 1105 but found a candidate (MCG -03-08-036 = PGC 10867) 4 minutes of RA east of the NGC position which he suggested might be NGC 1105.  Dreyer reported the "corrected" position in the IC 2 notes.  Because of this "correction", PGC 10867 is labeled as NGC 1105 in the RNGC, MCG, PGC, LEDA, etc., although this was not the galaxy found by Leavenworth. See Corwin's notes.  I've taken PGC 10333 as NGC 1105 here.

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NGC 1106 = UGC 2322 = MCG +07-06-076 = CGCG 539-112 = PGC 10792

02 50 40.5 +41 40 18; Per

V = 12.3;  Size 1.8'x1.8';  Surf Br = 13.4

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, bright core.  A mag 14.5 star is attached at the west end.  Located 3' WNW of mag 8.5 SAO 38389 which interferes with viewing.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1106 = h268 on 18 Sep 1828, although he was uncertain about the observation: "Query whether a nebula or a knot of minute stars indistinctly seen."  There is nothing at his position, but exactly 1.0 minute of RA west is UGC 2322 = PGC 10792.  Heinrich d'Arrest corrected the RA and as a result the position is accurate in the NGC.

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NGC 1107 = UGC 2307 = MCG +01-08-006 = CGCG 415-013 = Holm 63a = PGC 10683

02 49 19.6 +08 05 34; Cet

V = 12.2;  Size 1.8'x1.5';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 140°

 

17.5" (10/21/95): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NW-SE.  Fairly high surface brightness with a prominent core and much fainter extensions.  Two strings of stars form a "V" to the south.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1107 = m 74 on 2 Sep 1864 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and reported "F, vS, R."  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1108 = PGC 10633

02 48 38.5 -07 57 04; Eri

V = 15.1;  Size 0.7'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 85°

 

17.5" (11/28/97): very faint, very small, round, 25" diameter.  At moments a stellar nucleus is visible.  NGC 1110 lies 11' NE at the edge of the 220x field.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1108 = Sw. 5-45 on 31 Oct 1886 with the 16-inch refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position is 5 tsec east and 24" north of PGC 10633.

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NGC 1109 = IC 1846? = UGC 2265 = MCG +02-08-006 = CGCG 440-008 = PGC 10573

02 47 43.6 +13 15 20; Ari

V = 14.0;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.6

 

17.5" (1/9/99): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration, very faint stellar nucleus with direct vision.  Situated 2.5' ENE of a mag 11.5 star.  The NGC identification of this galaxy is very uncertain due to poor positions in the group by Marth and UGC, MCG and CGCG identify this galaxy as IC 1846.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1109 = m 75 on 2 Dec 1863 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and simply noted "vF".  This is the first in a group of 8 that he discovered that night, several of which (NGC 1109, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1117) have identification problems because of poor positions or perhaps he confused some faint stars as nebulous.  There is nothing near his position for NGC 1109.  Harold Corwin suggests that NGC 1109 may refer to UGC 2265 = PGC 10573, which is 2 tmin of RA west of Marth's position but matches in declination.  Stephane Javelle later discovered this galaxy at the Nice Observatory on 7 Jan 1896, gave an accurate position, and it was catalogued as IC 1846. So, NGC 1109 is possibly IC 1846, though other objects on the same night seem to have different offsets in RA and based on all the problems here this identification is uncertain.

 

Modern catalogues, including RC3, RNGC, PGC and LEDA identify IC 1852 as NGC 1109.  This galaxy is 39 sec of RA west and 2' S of Marth's position.  Although closer in RA, IC 1852 is further off in declination (a less likely error) and Corwin equates NGC 1112 and IC 1852.  Courtney Seligman suggests IC 1850 as a better candidate for NGC 1109.  This galaxy is 1.0 min of RA west of Marth's position and matches in declination, though  Corwin suggests NGC 1111 = IC 1850.  So, lots of uncertainty.  See Corwin's notes and Courtney Seligman's entry for NGC 1109.

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NGC 1110 = MCG -01-08-010 = UGCA 43 = FGC 346 = LGG 071-011 =PGC 10673

02 49 09.5 -07 50 14; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 2.6'x0.6';  Surf Br = 14.5;  PA = 18°

 

17.5" (11/28/97): this unusual galaxy appears a moderately large, low surface brightness streak, 2.0'x0.4' oriented SSW-NNE.  Located 2.7' N of a mag 11.5 star.  NGC 1108 lies 11' SW.  Member of the NGC 1052 group (LGG 071).

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1110 = LM 2-349 on 21 Dec 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His position is 15 tsec east of MCG -01-08-010 = PGC 10673 and his dimensions of 2.8'x0.3' clearly refers to this galaxy although his PA (168°) has a quadrant error.

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NGC 1111 = IC 1850? = PGC 1426583

02 48 39.3 +13 15 34; Ari

Size 0.7'x0.3';  PA = 9°

 

17.5" (1/9/99): extremely faint, very small, elongated 3:1 SSW- NNE, ~25"x9".  Originally this object appeared virtually stellar as I probably just detected the core but after viewing for awhile the thin extensions were noticed.  IC 1850 is located 5.6' NW of IC 1852.  This NGC identification (NGC 1111) is very uncertain.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1111 = m 76 on 2 Dec 1863 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and noted "F, vS, stellar".  This is the second in a group of 8 galaxies he discovered that night, several of which (NGC 1109, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1117) have identification problems because of poor positions or perhaps he confused faint stars as nebulous.  Harold Corwin suggests that NGC 1111 = IC 1850 = PGC 1426583, which is located 1.0 min of RA west of Marth's position but matches in RA.  Courtney Seligman notes that IC 1850 could just as easily be equated with NGC 1109, as Marth's positions for these two entries are very close.  RNGC, PGC and HyperLEDA label PGC 10719 as NGC 1111.  This galaxy is only 8 sec of RA east, but 6' S of Marth's position (a less likely error).  So, the identification of NGC 1111 is quite uncertain but taken as IC 1850 here.  See Corwin's discussion of NGC 1109 and Seligman's website.

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NGC 1112 = IC 1852? = UGC 2293 = MCG +02-08-011 = CGCG 440-015 = PGC 10660

02 49 00.4 +13 13 25; Ari

V = 13.8;  Size 1.2'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 3°

 

17.5" (1/9/99): very faint, fairly small, ~40"x25".  Appears as a very low surface brightness glow with no noticeable concentration and an ill-defined edge.  After extended viewing could hold continuously with direct vision.  IC 1850 (possibly NGC 1111) lies 5.6' NW and IC 1846 (possibly NGC 1109) is 19' W.  The NGC identification is very uncertain and CGCG, UGC and MCG label this galaxy as IC 1852 only.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1112 = m 77 on 2 Dec 1863 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and logged "F, pS".  This is the third in a group of 8 galaxies he discovered that night, several of which (NGC 1109, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1117) have identification problems because of poor positions or possibly he confused faint stars as nebulous.

 

Harold Corwin suggests NGC 1112 may refer IC 1852 = UGC 2293 = PGC 10660.  Stephane Javelle discovered this galaxy on 7 Jan 1896 with the 30-inch refractor at the Nice Observatory.  Marth's position is exactly 1.0 min of RA following IC 1852 and matches in declination.  CGCG, UGC and MCG label this galaxy IC 1852, while RNGC, PGC, RC3 and Megastar identify it as NGC 1109.  RNGC classifies NGC 1112 as nonexistent.  Finally, HyperLEDA equates IC 1852 with NGC 1109.  Although NGC 1112 = IC 1852 is a reasonable match, given all the problems in this region this identification is very uncertain. See Corwin's notes for NGC 1109 and Courtney's Seligman website for NGC 1112.

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NGC 1113

02 50 05.0 +13 19 39; Ari

 

= *??, Corwin. Not found, RNGC.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1113 = m 78 on 2 Dec 1863 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and noted simply as "vF".  This is the 4th in a group of 8 galaxies he discovered that night, several of which (NGC 1109, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1117) have identification problems because of poor positions or perhaps he confused faint stars as nebulous.  Marth's position falls very close to a 10th magnitude star, though it is very unlikely Marth could have described this star as "vF" and there are no other non-stellar candidates due west or east.  Corwin suggests that NGC 1113 may refer to a 15th magnitude star 2' NW (position given here) of the bright star, though this is very speculative.  NGC 1113 is classified as nonexistent in the RNGC and there is no entry in LEDA.

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NGC 1114 = MCG -03-08-029 = LGG 081-004 = PGC 10669

02 49 07.2 -16 59 39; Eri

V = 12.8;  Size 1.5'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 8°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated almost 3:1 N-S, 2.0'x0.7', broad concentration to a brighter middle but no nucleus.  Appears slightly larger than catalogued dimensions.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1114 = H. III-449 = h269 = h2497 on 6 Oct 1785 (sweep 459) and logged "vF, pL, broadly extended, little brighter in the middle."  John Herschel observed this galaxy both at Slough, England and at the Cape of Good Hope, where he recorded on 11 Dec 1835 (sweep 652), "pB, L, pmE, very gradually little brighter middle, 2' long, 40" broad."

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NGC 1115 = MCG +02-08-016 = CGCG 440-020 = PGC 10774

02 50 25.3 +13 15 58; Ari

V = 14.7;  Size 0.6'x0.3';  PA = 10°

 

17.5" (11/28/97): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter.  Can hold steadily with averted vision.  A nice pair of mag 13.5/14 star lie 2' N [17" separation].  Located 4.8' SSW of NGC 1116.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1115 = m 79 on 2 Dec 1863 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and simply noted "vF".  Although 5 of the 8 objects in the region he discovered this night have poor positions or are lost, Marth's position is a good match with CGCG 440-021 = PGC 10774.

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NGC 1116 = UGC 2326 = MCG +02-08-017 = CGCG 440-021 = PGC 10781

02 50 35.7 +13 20 06; Ari

V = 14.3;  Size 1.3'x0.3';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 27°

 

17.5" (11/28/97): very faint, small, elongated 3:1 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.2', very small brighter core.  Forms a pair with NGC 1115 4.8' SSW.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1116 = m 80 on 2 Dec 1863 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and simply noted "vF".  Although 5 of the 8 objects in the region he discovered this night have poor positions or are lost, NGC 1116 is an excellent match with UGC 2326 = PGC 10781.

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NGC 1117 = UGC 2337s = MCG +02-08-019 = MCG +02-08-020 = CGCG 440-022s = PGC 10822

02 51 13.0 +13 11 07; Ari

V = 13.9;  Size 0.7'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 5°

 

17.5" (11/28/97): very faint, very small, slightly elongated N-S.  Appears as a barely resolved double system oriented N-S, ~30"x20" total size. The object at the south side appears to have a stellar nucleus.  The northern object has a 20" halo and appears larger.  The centers of this pair are only 24" apart.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1117 = m 81 on 2 Dec 1863 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and noted "Close to a small star".  This is the 7th in a group of 8 galaxies he discovered that night, several of which (NGC 1109, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1117) have identification problems because of poor positions or perhaps he confused faint stars as nebulous.  There is nothing near his position for NGC 1117, but UGC 2337 = PGC 10821/10822 lies 30 sec of RA east and is fairly close in declination.  This is a double system and perhaps Marth thought one component was a star.  Neither CGCG or MCG label this system as NGC 1117 but RNGC, PGC and LEDA apply this identification.  The southern component is sometimes taken as NGC 1117.

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NGC 1118 = MCG -02-08-011 = PGC 10748

02 49 58.7 -12 09 50; Eri

V = 12.7;  Size 2.6'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 90°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 E-W, 1.2'x0.4'.  The small, rounder bright core contains a faint stellar nucleus.  A wide unequal pair [mag 12/14 at 33" separation] lies 5' NE.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1118 = Sw. 5-46 on 1 Nov 1886 with the 16-inch refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position and description "vE" is accurate

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NGC 1119 = ESO 546-024 = PGC 10607

02 48 17.1 -17 59 15; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 0.5'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.0;  PA = 0°

 

17.5" (12/20/95): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, weak concentration.  Forms the west vertex of a near equilateral triangle with a mag 10.5 star 3.0' NE and a mag 12 star 3.5' SE.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1119 = LM 1-72 on 17 Oct 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  There is nothing at his position, but Herbert Howe measured an accurate position at the end of the century (repeated in the IC 2 notes) that matches ESO 546-024 = PGC 10607.  This galaxy is 1.8 min of RA west and 2' N of Leavenworth's position (not an uncommon error) and this galaxy is generally taken as NGC 1119.  RNGC incorrectly classifies NGC 1119 as nonexistent.

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NGC 1120 = IC 261 = MCG -03-08-028 = PGC 10664

02 49 04.1 -14 28 15; Eri

V = 13.2;  Size 1.1'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 40°

 

17.5" (11/18/95): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter.  Even concentration to a bright core and nearly stellar nucleus.  A faint, close double star lies 4.2' SSW and 5' NW is a small group of four mag 13 stars (includes a 30" pair).

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1120 = LM 1-72 on 1 Jan 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  There is nothing at his rough position, but 1.1 min of RA west (common error) is MCG -03-08-028 = PGC 10664, and Corwin confirms Leavenworth's sketch matches this galaxy.  PGC 10664 was found again by Stephane Javelle on 7 Dec 1891 and placed correctly in list 1-98 (later IC 261).  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for NGC 1120 in 1899-00 matching IC 261. Some sources, such as the MCG, label this galaxy IC 261 although NGC 1120 should be the primary designation.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1121 = UGC 2332 = MCG +00-08-030 = CGCG 389-032 = PGC 10789

02 50 39.1 -01 44 03; Eri

V = 12.9;  Size 0.9'x0.4';  Surf Br = 11.5;  PA = 10°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): fairly faint, small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.6'x0.3', well concentrated with a small bright core and a stellar nucleus.  Located 1.7' SSW of a mag 10 star in the northwest corner of Eridanus.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1121 = Sw. 1-4 on 9 Nov 1884 with his 16-inch refractor.  His RA was 13 seconds too large. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1898 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory as well as Porter in 1908 at the Cincinnati Observatory.

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NGC 1122 = NGC 1123 = UGC 2353 = MCG +07-06-083 = CGCG 539-117 = PGC 10890

02 52 51.1 +42 12 20; Per

V = 12.1;  Size 1.7'x1.3';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 40°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly faint, small, round, diffuse.  A pair of mag 14 stars are at the ESE and NE end and a mag 15 star is at the west end.  Located 12' NNE of mag 7.2 SAO 38407.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1122 = Sw. 2-25 on 6 Sep 1885 with the 16-inch refractor at Warner Observatory and recorded "vF, pS, R, * nr north."  His position and description matches NGC 1123 = UGC 2353 = PGC 10890, which was discovered by William Herschel (II-601).  Since neither of the Herschel's position are poor, it's unusual that Dreyer did not catch the equivalence.

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NGC 1123 = NGC 1122 = UGC 2353 = MCG +07-06-083 = CGCG 539-117 = PGC 10890

02 52 51.1 +42 12 20; Per

V = 12.1;  Size 1.7'x1.3';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 40°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly faint, small, round, diffuse.  A pair of mag 14 stars are at the ESE and NE end and a mag 15 star is at the west end.  Located 12' NNE of mag 7.2 SAO 38407.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1123 = H. II-601 = h270 on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 614) and logged "F, S, iF, resolvable."  His position is within 2' of UGC 2353 = PGC 10890.  John Herschel wrote on 18 Sep 1828 (sweep 182), "vF; R; very gradually brighter middle; 25" diameter."  Lewis Swift independently "discovered" the galaxy on 6 Sep 1885, resulting in a second designation NGC 1122.  As the positions for NGC 1122 and NGC 1123 are so close, it's very surprising Dreyer included both entries in the NGC. All modern catalogues identify this galaxy as NGC 1122 although by historical priority, NGC 1123 should take precedence.

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NGC 1124 = ESO 480-007 = MCG -04-07-047 = PGC 10838

02 51 35.9 -25 42 07; For

V = 14.0;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 0°

 

17.5" (11/17/01): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter.  Located 1.8' SW of a mag 10.3 star.  This galaxy has a faint outer ring, but the observation records the smaller, round core only.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1124 = LM 1-74 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and noted "*9, nf 1'."  His description and rough position is a good match with ESO 480-007 = PGC 10838.

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NGC 1125 = MCG -03-08-035 = PGC 10851

02 51 40.4 -16 39 02; Eri

V = 12.6;  Size 1.8'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 53°

 

24" (1/28/17): at 225x and 375x; moderately bright, elongated nearly 3:1 SW-NE, 1.0'x0.35', small bright core, stellar nucleus.  Forms a very close (optical) pair with MCG -03-08-034 barely off the southwest end [0.9' from center].  At 375x, the companion appeared very faint, very small, slightly elongated N-S, 12"x8".   The redshift of MCG -03-08-034 is nearly 3x that of NGC 1089, so they don't form a physical pair.

 

17.5" (11/18/95): moderately bright, fairly small, very elongated 7:2 SW-NE, 1.5'x0.4', small bright core.  MCG -03-08-034 at the southwest tip was not seen.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1125 = H. III-450 = h272 on 6 Oct 1785 (sweep 459) and noted "vF, S, E."  His position is accurate, though falls closer to the fainter southwest component (MCG -03-08-034).  The northeast component (MCG -03-08-035 = PGC 10851) is generally identified as NGC 1125.

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NGC 1126 = MCG +00-08-038 = CGCG 389-038 = PGC 10868

02 52 18.6 -01 17 45; Eri

V = 14.4;  Size 0.7'x0.2';  Surf Br = 12.4;  PA = 135°

 

17.5" (11/7/89): extremely faint, small, edge-on 4:1 NW-SE, low even surface brightness.  Located 8' WSW of NGC 1132.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1126 = Sw. 5-47 on 31 Oct 1886 with the 16-inch refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position is just 44" north of CGCG 389-038 = PGC 10868 and his comment "p of [N1132]" applies.

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NGC 1127 = UGC 2356 = MCG +02-08-024 = CGCG 440-024 = PGC 10889

02 52 51.8 +13 15 23; Ari

V = 14.4;  Size 0.7'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 39°

 

17.5" (11/17/01): very faint, very small, slightly elongated, 0.5'x0.4', low even surface brightness with no noticeable core.  Situated in a fairly sparse star field with a mag 10.9 star 6' ESE.  Located 19' NW of NGC 1134 in a group.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1127 = m 82 on 2 Dec 1863 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and simply noted "vF".  Although 5 of the 8 objects in the region he discovered this night have poor positions or are lost, Marth's position for this number is a good match with UGC 2356 = PGC 10889.

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NGC 1128 = 3C 75 = MCG +01-08-027 = CGCG 415-041 = III Zw 52 = PGC 11188 = PGC 11189

02 57 41.6 +06 01 28; Cet

V = 12.7;  Size 0.9'x0.4';  Surf Br = 11.7

 

24" (11/23/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 N-S.  This merged double system was easily resolved with the two nuclei separated by 16" N-S.  The northern nucleus was noticeably brighter and well defined, ~12" diameter.  The southern nucleus had a lower surface brightness and the edge faded out more gradually into the common halo that enclosed both nuclei.  A mag 13.6 star is 1' W and a mag 12.6 star is 1' SW.

 

18" (11/22/08): on initial glance the brightest galaxy in AGC 400 appeared faint, small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 25"x18". I soon realized this was an extremely close contact pair oriented N-S with two tangent knots (described in the professional literature as a "dumb-bell system") just 16" between centers in a very small common halo.  Each component was no more than 15" in diameter with the southern member brighter.

 

17.5" (11/28/97): very faint, small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 40"x20", irregular surface brightness.  On careful examination the glow resolved into a very close pair of extremely small galaxies oriented N-S with tangent halos [just 16" between centers!].  This double system is the brightest in AGC 400 with CGCG 415-040 3.5' SW.

 

The identification of this galaxy with NGC 1128 is very uncertain.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1128 = Sw. 5-48 on 8 Oct 1886 with the 16-inch refractor at Warner Observatory and recorded "eF; S; lE; 2 pF stars close preceding."  There are no good candidates near Swift's position.

 

Harold Corwin suggests NGC 1128 is CGCG 415-041 = PGC 11189 +11188, the brightest galaxy (double) in Abell Galaxy Cluster 400.  Swift's position is 5 minutes of RA to the west, though Corwin notes that several other objects found by Swift in October 1886 have similar 5 minute offset errors (NGC 885, 1677, and 1689).  Two mag 12-13 stars just west of this galaxy fit Swift's description.

 

Interestingly, William Herschel might have first observed this double system.  On 30 Sep 1786 (sweep 607), he recorded "Some small stars with suspected nebulosity, probably a deception."  Although he didn't catalog it due to his uncertaintly, his position is just 1' NW of CGCG 415-041!

 

Stephane Javelle also discovered the double system on 1 Dec 1905 and measured an accurate position for J. 4-1496.  He described it as "faint, double; appearance of a small double star whose two components are about mag 14, but surrounded by nebulosity. The nebulous character is certain."  The 330 objects in his 4th list were never published.

 

 

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NGC 1129 = VV 85a = UGC 2373 = MCG +07-07-004 = CGCG 540-006 = CGCG 539-124 = AWM 7-1 = PGC 10959

02 54 27.3 +41 34 46; Per

V = 12.5;  Size 2.9'x2.1';  Surf Br = 14.4;  PA = 90°

 

18" (11/18/06): this giant cD galaxy is the brightest in the nearby X-ray bright cluster WBL 88 = AWM 7 (z = 0.017), which is a member of the Pisces-Perseus supercluster. Several faint galaxies lie within a few arcminutes including NGC 1130 1.7' NNW and NGC 1131 1.8' SE.  A very faint companion (MCG +07-07-003) is embedded at the southwest edge of the halo and appears like a short spike jutting out towards the SW.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): brightest in a compact group.  Moderately bright, moderately large, elongated WSW-ENE, brighter along major axis, small bright core.  A mag 15 star is at the west edge 22" from the center.  Forms a close trio with NGC 1130 1.7' NNW and NGC 1131 1.7' SE.  IC 265 5.6' NE not seen.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1129 = H. II-602 = h271 on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 614) and logged "F, pS, irregularly round, little brighter in the middle."  John Herschel described it on 18 Sep 1828 (sweep 182): "vF; R very gradually little brighter middle; 30" diameter."  Their positions match UGC 2373 = PGC 10959, the brightest member of a cluster. MCG +07-07-003 is superimposed on its southwest side.

 

R.J. Mitchell, Lord Rosse's assistant in Oct 1854, noted "has either a F* sp or is double."  This refers to MCG +07-07-003, which MCG misidentified this galaxy as NGC 1129.  In December, he noted "suspect the supposed neb close sp edge to be only a faint double star.  Finally in Dec 1855, Mitchell observed with Lord Rosse, who "thought the companion on sp edge to be merely a neb with a * for centre."  Because of the uncertainty, Dreyer didn't assign an NGC designation to MCG +07-07-003.

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NGC 1130 = MCG +07-07-002 = CGCG 540-004 = CGCG 539-122 = AWM 7-6 = PGC 10951

02 54 24.4 +41 36 20; Per

V = 14.6;  Size 0.5'x0.3';  Surf Br = 11.9;  PA = 35°

 

18" (11/18/06): faint, very small, elongated ~2:1 SSW-NNE, 0.4'x0.2'.  A mag 14 star is attached at the south end.  Located in the core of the NGC 1129 cluster = AWM 7, just 1.7' NNW of NGC 1129.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): very faint, very small, round.  A mag 14 star is just south.  Located 1.7' NNW of NGC 1129.

 

William Parsons (Lord Rosse) and assistant R.J. Mitchell discovered NGC 1130 and 1131 on the 8 Dec 1855 observation of the NGC 1129 field.  Their description reads, "there is a knot north about 2' distance [from NGC 1129].  CGCG 540-004 = CGCG 539-122 lies 1.7' NNW of NGC 1129, so it's the logical candidate.  Corwin suggests PGC 197768, situated 1.9' N of NGC 1130, as another possible candidate, but this galaxy is fainter and was not picked up in my observation.  The MCG appears to have a mixup in its identifications.

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NGC 1131 = MCG +07-07-005 = CGCG 539-125 = CGCG 540-007 = V Zw 286 = AWM 7-4 = PGC 10964

02 54 34.0 +41 33 32; Per

V = 13.5;  Size 0.5'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.5

 

18" (11/18/06): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, weak even concentration.  Located 1.7' SE of NGC 1129 in the core of the AWM 7 cluster.  Brighter MCG +07-07-008 lies 2.7' SE!

 

17.5" (10/24/87): very faint, very small, round, bright core.  Third of three with much brighter NGC 1129 1.7' NW and NGC 1130 3.5' NW.

 

William Parsons (Lord Rosse) and assistant R.J. Mitchell discovered NGC 1131 and 1130 during the 8 Dec 1855 observation of the NGC 1129 field.  They recorded, "another about 2' following and a little south of h271 [NGC 1129]".  CGCG 540-004 = PGC 10964 lies 1.7' SE of NGC 1129 and is the best candidate.  Harold Corwin notes that CGCG 540-008, a brighter galaxy, lies 4.5' SE of NGC 1129, but that would require a very poor estimate of the separation.  MCG (+07-07-005) does not label PGC 10964 as NGC 1131.  See Corwin's notes for NGC 1130.

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NGC 1132 = UGC 2359 = MCG +00-08-040 = CGCG 389-040 = PGC 10891

02 52 51.8 -01 16 27; Eri

V = 12.5;  Size 2.5'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 140°

 

17.5" (11/7/89): faint, small, round, almost even surface brightness, faint stellar nucleus.  Located 4.3' WSW of mag 9.5 SAO 130162.  Forms a pair with NGC 1126 8' WSW.

 

NGC 1132 is the prototype of a "Fossil Group" -- the end-product of extensive merging of a once normal group, leaving a massive central galaxy that dominates the luminosity of a X-ray luminous group (delta Rmag ≥ 2.0 with next brightest group member).

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1132 = h273 on 23 Nov 1827 (sweep 107) and recorded "eF; pL; gradually brighter in the middle; has a *8m following".  His position and description matches UGC 2359 = PGC 10891.

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NGC 1133 = MCG -02-08-015 = PGC 10885

02 52 42.1 -08 48 15; Eri

V = 13.6;  Size 1.0'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 175°

 

17.5" (11/28/97): very faint, small, slightly elongated, 30" diameter, weak concentration to a small brighter core.  Mag 14.5 stars lie 2.6' E and 2.3' NNW.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1133 = LM 2-350 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His position is a good match with MCG -02-08-015.  His notes mention that mag 12 stars 3' np and 2' nf.  These stars are 2.3' NNW and 2.6' E, and closer to mag 14.

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NGC 1134 = Arp 200 = UGC 2365 = MCG +02-08-027 = CGCG 440-027 = PGC 10928

02 53 41.2 +13 00 53; Ari

V = 12.1;  Size 2.5'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 148°

 

24" (12/21/16): at 282x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 NW-SE, ~1.2'x0.6', sharply concentrated with a bright core and fairly bright, sharp stellar nucleus.  Appears slightly brighter along the east edge with averted -- probably a section of the eastern spiral arm, which is bright on the DSS.  A mag 13.6 star is 50" NE of center.  IC 267 is 10' SSE and UGC 2362 is 7' W.

 

Arp noted "Splash appearance on west side [tidal plume] of galaxy points to low surface brightness companion 7' [west]."  The companion he referred to is UGC 2362, which is possibly interacting (the pair has identical redshifts).  UGC 2362 appeared faint, fairly small, very low surface brightness patch ~20" diameter (probably the brighter central part of this Magellanic system).  A mag 14.8 star is 0.8' S.

 

IC 267 appeared moderately bright, relatively large, elongated ~4:1 NNW-SSE, ~1.7'x0.4', irregular surface brightness.  This appears to be a central bar (verified on the DSS) rather than an edge-on galaxy.  Either a star is superimposed at the center or the galaxy has a bright stellar nucleus!  Located 10' SSE of NGC 1134.

 

17.5" (10/21/95): faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 NNW-SSE, 1.8'x0.3', broad weak concentration.  Located 10.3' SSE of NGC 1134.

 

17.5" (10/21/95): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, 1.0'x0.8', broad concentration with a large brighter core.  A mag 13 star is 48" ENE of center.  Located 11' ENE of mag 8.9 SAO 93163. Brightest in a group with IC 267 10.3' SSE and NGC 1127 19' NW.  The larger low surface brightness spiral arms extending the diameter to over 2' were not seen.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1134 = H. II-254 on 16 Oct 1784 (sweep 295) and recorded "F, S, irregularly round, r".  His position is 2.3' SE of Arp 200 = PGC 10928, and there are no other nearby candidates.  Dreyer, as Lord Rosse's assistant, recorded "L, irregularly round, perhaps sharper on nf side".  This probably refers to the brighter arm segment on the east side.

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NGC 1135 = NGC 1136 = ESO 154-019 = PGC 10807

02 50 53.7 -54 58 33; Hor

V = 13.0;  Size 1.4'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 80°

 

See observing notes for NGC 1136 with the 30" from Coonabarabran.

 

John Herschel found NGC 1135 = h2498 on 11 Sep 1836 and recorded "F, R, gradually brighter in the middle.  Taken for No 3 sweep 520 [h2499 = NGC 1136], but proves, on reduction, to be a different nebula".  His position is 1.5' NW of NGC 1136 and 2' S of ESO 154-018 = PGC 10800.  Since there are two NGC numbers as well as two nearby galaxies, ESO 154-018 is taken as NGC 1135 in PGC, ESO, SGC, NED, SIMBAD and Steinicke's Historic NGC.

 

If this identification is correct, NGC 1135 is John Herschel’s faintest discovery at B = 16.2.  But then why did he classify it as "Faint", instead of "Extremely Faint" (his faintest class)?  Instead, Harold Corwin argues NGC 1135 is a duplicate observation of NGC 1136 (discovered earlier on 5 Dec 1834), despite Herschel stating they were two different objects.  HyperLeda is the only online catalogue that equates NGC 1135 and 1136.

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NGC 1136 = NGC 1135 = ESO 154-019 = PGC 10807

02 50 53.7 -54 58 33; Hor

V = 13.0;  Size 1.4'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 80°

 

30" (11/4/10 - Coonabarabran, 429x): fairly bright, moderately large, slightly elongated E-W, ~1.5'x1.2'.  Sharply concentrated with a fairly small (20") very bright core surrounded by a much fainter halo.  Located 7' NW of mag 8.3 HD 18003.  ESO 154-018 (misidentified as NGC 1135 in RNGC, ESO and PGC) lies 3' NNW.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1136 = h2499 on 5 Dec 1834 and logged "F; R; gb; - moon up."  There is nothing at his position but 5.4' N is ESO 154-019 = PGC 10807.  This galaxy was probably also later recorded by Herschel as h2498 (closer to ESO 154-019), and it received the designation NGC 1135.  He assumed they were different objects, because of the apparent difference in positions.  The RNGC uses Herschel's incorrect position.  See Corwin's notes for NGC 1135.

 

Pietro Baracchi searched for GC 622 [NGC 1136] unsuccessfully on 11 Feb 1888 with the Great Melbourne Telescope.  He reported "GC 622 is not to be found and probably there is some mistake in the position - according to his description 622 is no fainter than 621 [NGC 1135], therefore I should see it."

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NGC 1137 = UGC 2374 = MCG +00-08-043 = CGCG 389-042 = PGC 10942

02 54 02.7 +02 57 43; Cet

V = 12.7;  Size 2.1'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 20°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): faint, very small, almost round, broad concentration, stellar nucleus?

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1137 = Sw. 3-22 on 17 Oct 1885 with the 16-inch refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position is 11 seconds of RA east and 1' south of UGC 2374.

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NGC 1138 = UGC 2408 = MCG +07-07-012 = CGCG 540-015 = PGC 11118

02 56 36.5 +43 02 50; Per

V = 12.8;  Size 1.1'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.6

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly faint, small, round, bright core, faint stellar nucleus.  Forms an equilateral triangle with a mag 13 star 0.9' S and a mag 12.5 star 0.9' SE.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1138 = H. III-580 = h274 on 24 Oct 1786 (sweep 620) and remarked "Suspected. resolvable, 1 or 2 stars visible in it."  John Herschel gave a more complete description on 23 Dec 1831 (sweep 389), "vF; vS; R; gradually brighter in the middle; 10"; makes isosceles triangle with 2 stars 15 mag".

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NGC 1139 = MCG -03-08-038 = PGC 10888

02 52 46.8 -14 31 46; Eri

V = 13.3;  Size 0.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 36°

 

17.5" (11/10/96): very faint, small, round, 30" diameter, low even surface brightness.  Appeared fainter than V = 13.3 and required averted vision to see with certainty using GSC chart.  A mag 15.5 double star is 1' SW (verified on GSC).  MCG -03-38-037 lies 6.1' WSW (not seen).

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1139 = LM 1-75 on 1 Jan 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  There is nothing at his rough position, but 1.4 min of RA west is MCG -03-08-038 = PGC 10888.

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NGC 1140 = VV 482 = MCG -02-08-019 = Mrk 1063 = LGG 071-014 =PGC 10966

02 54 33.4 -10 01 42; Eri

V = 12.5;  Size 1.9'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 6°

 

13.1" (12/7/85): fairly bright, very small, round, stellar nucleus.   Member of the NGC 1052 group (LGG 071).

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1140 = H. II-470 = h275 = h2500 on 22 Nov 1785 (sweep 475) and logged "F, S.  I had hardly been out long enough, but yet I think it was no deception."  A second observation showed it as "pretty bright, but hardly to be distinguished from a star."  John Herschel observed this galaxy both at Slough, England and at the Cape of Good Hope.

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NGC 1141 = NGC 1143 = Arp 118 NED1 = VV 331 = UGC 2388 = MCG +00-08-047 = CGCG 389-046

02 55 09.7 -00 10 41; Cet

 

See observing notes for NGC 1143.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1141 = m 83 on 5 Jan 1864 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and described as "vF, S, [Double neb with NGC 1142]".  There is nothing at his position (not found by Fath in 1914 on Mt. Wilson plates).  However 40' S is the double system NGC 1143 and 1144, found by Édouard Stephan (8a-10 and 8a-11) on 29 Oct 1875 (perhaps looking for Marth's objects) and placed accurately. This pair is generally identified as NGC 1143 and 1144 due to the unambiguous identification. Several other objects discovered that night by Marth have large positional errors.

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NGC 1142 = NGC 1144 = UGC 2389 = MCG +00-08-048 = CGCG 389-046 = VV 331 = Arp 118

02 55 12.0 -00 10 59; Cet

 

See observing notes for NGC 1144.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1142 = m 84 on 5 Jan 1864 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and reported "pF, S, R [Double neb with NGC 1141]".  There is nothing at his position (not found by Fath in 1914 on Mt. Wilson plates).  However 40' S is the double system NGC 1143 and 1144.  This was later found by Édouard Stephan (list 8a-10 and 8a-11) on 29 Oct 1875. The pair is generally identified as NGC 1143 and 1144 due to the unambiguous identification. Several other objects discovered that night by Marth have large positional errors.

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NGC 1143 = NGC 1141 = Arp 118 NED1 = Arp 118:C1 = VV 331b = UGC 2388 = MCG +00-08-047 = CGCG 389-046 = PGC 11007

02 55 09.7 -00 10 41; Cet

V = 13.5;  Size 0.9'x0.8';  PA = 110°

 

48" (11/4/21): at 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, round, ~0.6' diameter, strong concentration with very bright core that increased to the center.  In a common dog-bone shaped halo with NGC 1144 [0.7' between centers].  PGC 1150350, situated 1.2' NW, appeared fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 N-S,  25" length, slightly brighter nucleus.

 

48" (10/25/11): bright, moderately large, oval 4:3 WNW-ESE, 0.9'x0.7', well concentrated with a very bright, intense core!  Slightly fainter of an interacting pair with highly disrupted NGC 1144, just 40" between centers.  The eastern portion of the outer halo of NGC 1143 is merged or overlaps with the halo of NGC 1144 on its northwestern side.

 

PGC 1150350, listed as a 2nd "collider" with NGC 1144 in Madore's 2009 Atlas and Catalogue of Collisional Rings, lies 1.2' NW.  The 2MASS galaxy appeared fairly faint, small, very elongated 3:1 N-S, 0.4'x0.15', stellar nucleus.

 

17.5" (1/7/89): very faint, very small, round.  In a common halo with NGC 1144 0.5' ESE.  This galaxy is the slightly fainter of the pair.

 

Édouard Stephan found NGC 1143 = St. 8a-11, along with NGC 1144, on 29 Oct 1875 and again on 1 Dec 1875.  His published accurate position (list 8a, #11) was made on 17 Nov 1876 with description "NGC 1144 and 1143 are contiguous and form a sort of nebula with 2 nuclei; they are almost identical; however [NGC 1144] is a little fainter than [NGC 1143]. Both excessively faint and small; round with central condensation."

 

Albert Marth earlier discovered this galaxy on 5 Jan 1864 but his position was 40' too far N (also NGC 1142), so he didn't receive credit.  But it is clear that Marth's NGC 1141 = NGC 1143 and Marth's 1142 = NGC 1144.

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NGC 1144 = NGC 1142 = Arp 118 NED2 = VV 331a = UGC 2389 = MCG +00-08-048 = CGCG 389-046 = PGC 11012

02 55 12.0 -00 10 59; Cet

V = 13.0;  Size 1.1'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 130°

 

48" (11/4/21): at 488x; bright, slightly elongated, strong concentration with a very bright core that increased to the center. Slightly brighter of a merged pair with NGC 1143 [center 0.7' NW] in a common peanut or dogbone-shaped halo.  The bridge of material extending from NGC 1144 was slightly darker in the interior forming a "loop".

 

48" (10/25/11): at 488x, appeared very bright, moderately large, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 50"x35".  Contains a large, very bright core that is offset to the SE side.  The core gradually increases to an intense center.  A mag 16.4 star is off the southeast side.  Forms a double system (Arp 118) with NGC 1143, attached on the northwest side where the halos merge.  This galaxy is highly disrupted with a loop or ring on the NW side.  An extended halo was seen on this side, but only a hint of the actual ring was visible.

 

17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, round, bright core.  Slightly brighter of pair with NGC 1143 in a common halo 0.5' WNW.

 

Édouard Stephan found NGC 1144 = St. 8a-10, along with NGC 1143, on 29 Oct 1875 and again on 1 Dec 1875.  His published accurate position (list 8a, #10) was made on 17 Nov 1876  Albert Marth earlier discovered this galaxy on 5 Jan 1864, but his position for NGC 1142 was 40' too far N.  So, NGC 1144 = NGC 1142.  Based on the earlier discovery, NGC 1142 should be the primary designation, but due to Marth's poor position, Stephan's number has been used.  See NGC 1143 for more.

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NGC 1145 = ESO 546-029 = MCG -03-08-042 = UGCA 45 = FGC 360 = PGC 10965

02 54 33.2 -18 38 09; Eri

V = 12.5;  Size 3.2'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 60°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): faint, moderately large, thin edge-on 7:1 WSW-ENE, 2.2'x0.3', only a weak concentration.  Among a group of three mag 10-11 stars with a mag 10 star just following the ENE tip.   NGC 1145 is a member of the NGC 1209 Group (LGG 81), which includes NGCs 1163, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1199 and IC 276.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1145 = h2501 on 11 Dec 1835 and recorded "F, vmE, 90" long, 10" broad; has two stars 10th mag following."  His position is accurate.  MCG misidentifies MCG -03-08-028 as NGC 1145 and UGC misidentifies UGC 2384 as NGC 1145.

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NGC 1146

02 57 37.0 +46 26 14; Per

Size 0.4'

 

18" (11/23/05): this asterism consists of a 30" pair of mag 12/13 stars with a couple of fainter companions making a quadruple.  About 1' NW is a faint, hazy clump of three mag 14-15 stars.  Viewed at 225x and 300x.  CGCG 554-017 lies 6.2' NE.  Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1146 on 29 Jan 1864 with the 11" refractor at Copenhagen and described "Cl, vS.  At 226x the stars are clearly mixed with nebulosity. A triple star is directly south."  His position is ~1' northwest of a a group of four stars that Corwin identifies as NGC 1146.  Three brighter stars are also close southeast matching d'Arrest's description.

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NGC 1147

02 55 18 -09 07; Eri

 

= Not found, Corwin and RNGC.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1147 = LM 2-351 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and reported "mag 15.0, 0.4'x0.2', E 180°, *9.5 f 25s n 1'."  There are no candidates near his position and Corwin found no match within 5° of Muller's position, so it stands now as lost.  Listed as nonexistent in RNGC.

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NGC 1148 = MCG -01-08-018 = PGC 11148

02 57 04.4 -07 41 09; Eri

V = 12.7;  Size 1.6'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 80°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): very faint, fairly small, round, low surface brightness, no concentration.  A mag 15 star appears superimposed at the NE side.  Forms a pair with NGC 1152 8.5' SE.  Located 9' ESE of mag 8.7 SAO 130198.  Appears fainter than V = 12.7.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1148 = Sw. 3-23 = LM II-352 on 10 Nov 1885 with the 16-inch refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position is accurate although Bigourdan could not find the galaxy.  Leavenworth independently discovered the galaxy again on 21 Oct 1886 and reported it as new in the Leander McCormick observatory second list (#352), though his RA was 30 seconds too large

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NGC 1149 = MCG +00-08-058 = CGCG 389-054 = PGC 11170

02 57 23.8 -00 18 34; Cet

V = 14.2;  Size 0.6'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 130°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): very faint, very small, round.  A mag 14.5 star is 30" SSW of center.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1149 = St. 11-6 on 2 Dec 1880 with the 31" reflector at Marseilles Observatory and reported "vF, vS, R, bM, S* preceding 2 sec".  His position and description (the star is 0.5' SW) is accurate.

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NGC 1150 = MCG -03-08-048 = PGC 11144

02 57 01.3 -15 02 55; Eri

V = 14.0;  Size 0.9'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 65°

 

17.5" (11/10/96): brighter of pair with NGC 1151 2.3' NNE.  Faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE.  Broad, weak concentration.  Following a group of four stars mag 7.7 SAO 148677 8' WNW.  Member of the IC 270 group.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1150 = LM 1-76 (along with NGC 1151 = LM 1-77) on 31 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His (rough) position is close to MCG -03-08-048 = PGC 11144, with NGC 1151 = PGC 11147 at 2' separation.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes), but assumed the pair was NGC 1180 and 1181.  RNGC mistakenly equates NGC 1150 = NGC 1180 and NGC 1151 = NGC 1181.  Although the declinations are similar, NGC 1180/NGC 1181 are a separate 2' pair about 4.7 min of RA further east.

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NGC 1151 = PGC 11147

02 57 04.6 -15 00 47; Eri

V = 15.0;  Size 0.5'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 10°

 

17.5" (11/10/96): extremely faint, very small, round, 15"-20" diameter.  Requires averted to glimpse using GSC chart and no details visible.  Located 2.3' NNE of NGC 1150.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1151 = LM 1-77 (along with NGC 1150 = LM 1-76) with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His rough position (nearest min of RA) is close to MCG -03-08-048, with NGC 1151 = PGC 11147.  RNGC mistakenly equates NGC 1150 = NGC 1180 and NGC 1151 = NGC 1181.  Although the declinations are similar, NGC 1180/NGC 1181 are a separate 2' pair about 4.7 min of RA further east.

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NGC 1152 = MCG -01-08-019 = PGC 11182

02 57 33.6 -07 45 32; Eri

V = 14.5;  Size 1.0'x0.7';  Surf Br = 14.0;  PA = 10°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): faint, small, elongated 4:3 SSW-NNE, bright core.  Forms a pair with NGC 1148 8.5' NW.  This galaxy is the smaller of the pair but has a higher surface brightness and is more concentrated.  Located 2.5' N of a mag 11 star.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1152 = Sw. 3-24 on 10 Nov 1885 with the 16-inch refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1153 = UGC 2439 = MCG +00-08-059 = CGCG 389-055 = PGC 11230

02 58 10.2 +03 21 43; Cet

V = 12.9;  Size 1.3'x1.2';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 45°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): fairly faint, small, very small bright core, slightly elongated SW-NE, small halo.  A mag 14.5 star is superimposed 20" S of center.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1153 = H. II-274 = h276 on 13 Dec 1784 (sweep 338) and logged "F, vS, iE, easily resolvable."  His position was 3.5' too far SE.  John Herschel made a single observation on 16 Oct 1827 (sweep 95) and noted "F; S; R; suddenly brighter middle; 12" diameter."

 

Four observations were made at Birr Castle.  On 7 Dec 1857, R.J. Mitchell recorded "F, vS, R, a S* close preceding."  The mag 14.5 star is mentioned in my observation.

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NGC 1154 = MCG -02-08-034 = Holm 64a = PGC 11221

02 58 07.7 -10 21 47; Eri

V = 13.5;  Size 1.1'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 95°

 

17.5" (10/13/90): faint, small, round, even surface brightness.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1155 1.5' NE.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1154 = St. 8b-11, along with NGC 1155, on 1 Dec 1875.  His published position (list 8b, #11) was made on 15 Dec 1876 with the 31" reflector at Marseilles Observatory.

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NGC 1155 = MCG -02-08-035 = Mrk 1064 = Holm 64b = PGC 11233

02 58 13.0 -10 21 00; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.8

 

17.5" (10/13/90): faint, very small, slightly elongated WSW-ENE, weak concentration.  Slightly fainter of a close pair with NGC 1154 1.5' SW.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1155 = St. 8b-10, along with NGC 1154.  Coincidentally his rough position is 10' due south of PGC 11198.  Could that have been the object seen instead?  His published position (list 8b, #10) was made on 15 Dec 1876 and is accurate.

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NGC 1156 = UGC 2455 = MCG +04-08-006 = CGCG 485-006 = VV 531 = PGC 11329

02 59 42.3 +25 14 15; Ari

V = 11.7;  Size 3.5'x2.5';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 25°

 

48" (11/5/21): at 488x; very bright, large, elongated ~3:1 SSW-NNE, ~2.3' in length.  The main body has a high surface brightness and appeared very mottled and irregular, but there no core or nucleus.  The outer halo has a much lower surface brightness with an irregular outline.

 

A small, slightly brighter elongated knot (HII region) is along the west side [0.4' SW of center].  A second small knot, ~6" diameter is at the SW end [0.8' SW of center].  Three stars are involved or at the edge; a mag 12.2 star and a mag 15 star on the N side [0.7' NNW and 0.4' N of center], and a mag 15 star at the S edge [1.2' SSW of center].

 

24" (12/12/17): at 375x; fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, ~2.25'x0.9', no well defined core, noticeably irregular outline and surface brightness.  The low surface brightness halo appeared to spread out on the south end and the northeast side had an indentation. The main body was somewhat uneven or mottled with a couple of very small, low contrast knots suspected.  In a friend's 28" at 438x, a knot was confirmed SW of center (~0.4'), as well as a slightly brightening NE of center (this is the "core" on deep images).

 

A mag 12 star is just inside the NNW border and a mag 15 star is closer in.  Another mag 15 star is at or just beyond the southern edge. 

 

18" (10/25/08): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 2.0'x0.8'.  Brighter along the major axis with a slightly brighter core.  The outline is roughly rectangular and the surface brightness is irregular.  The southwest end appears asymmetric.  A mag 11.5 star is at the north end, 0.9' from center.

 

8" (12/6/80): faint, diffuse, slightly elongated SSW-NNE.  A mag 12.5 star is just NW of the NE flank.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1156 = H. II-619 on 13 Nov 1786 (sweep 637).  He described it as "pretty bright, considerably large, pretty much elongated in the meridian [N-S], resolvable, within a minute of a star."  His position was just off the southeast side of this dwarf Irregular.  Four observations were made at Birr Castle.

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NGC 1157 = PGC 11218

02 58 06.6 -15 07 07; Eri

Size 0.5'x0.2';  PA = 170°

 

17.5" (11/10/96): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, no other details visible.  Located 1.9' WNW of a mag 12.5 star.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1157 = LM 1-78, along with NGC 1158 = LM 1-79, on 31 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His rough position matches PGC 11218 and his estimated position angle of 0° is fairly close.

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NGC 1158 = MCG -03-08-050 = PGC 11157

02 57 11.4 -14 23 45; Eri

V = 14.0;  Size 0.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 147°

 

17.5" (10/17/98): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter (probably only viewed the core).  Surprisingly faint as nearby IC 270 located 24' NW is the brightest the group (including ICs 268, 269 and 272 as well as NGCs 1150, 1151, and 1157).

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1158 = LM 1-79 (along with NGC 1157 = LM 1-78) on 1 Jan 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His position (nearest tmin of RA) is 1 min of RA east of MCG -03-08-050, which is a typical error.  The MCG does not identify MCG -03-08-050 as N1158.

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NGC 1159 = UGC 2467 = CGCG 540-023 = PGC 11383

03 00 46.5 +43 09 46; Per

V = 13.4;  Size 0.5'x0.4';  Surf Br = 11.5

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, very small, round, weak concentration.  Located 6.8' ENE of mag 7.6 SAO 38497.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1159 = St. 13-21 on 30 Nov 1883.  His published position (list 13, #21) was reduced a few days later (2 Dec 1883).

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NGC 1160 = UGC 2475 = MCG +07-07-014 = CGCG 540-027 = PGC 11403

03 01 13.2 +44 57 18; Per

V = 12.8;  Size 1.9'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 50°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 SW-NE, broad concentration, diffuse halo.  A trio of mag 12-13 stars lie 1.5'-2' N.  Forms a pair with NGC 1161 3.5' S.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1160 = H. III-199 = h277, along with NGC 1161, on 7 Oct 1784 (sweep 285, carried out in the east).  He recorded "Very faint, irregular figure, pretty small."   On 11 Dec 1786 (sweep 645), he found it again while sweeping along the meridian at a very high altitude of 84.5°.  His second description reads "pretty bright, irregularly round, much brighter middle, about 1' in diam."

 

John Herschel measured an accurate position for NGC 1161 and noted the wide double star off the west side, but has no entry for NGC 1160 and it was not found by d'Arrest.  So, the observers at Birr Castle assumed NGC 1160 was a new discovery and the two galaxies have three entries in the GC.  Dreyer staightened this out before the publication of the NGC, while an observing assistant at Birr Castle.  Surprisingly, NGC 1160 was sketched by Dreyer and clearly shows the southern spiral arm.

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NGC 1161 = UGC 2474 = MCG +07-07-015 = CGCG 540-026 = PGC 11404

03 01 14.2 +44 53 50; Per

V = 11.0;  Size 2.8'x2.0';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 23°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 SW-NE, bright core, stellar nucleus.  Two bright stars are close west; a mag 10 star is 45" W and mag 9 SAO 38510 is 1.2' SW.  Also collinear with two mag 11 stars 1.5' E and 3' ENE.  Forms a pair with NGC 1160 3.5' N.  The pair lies in the Local Void, less than half the distance to the Perseus cluster (AGC 426).

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1161 = H. II-239 = h277, along with NGC 1160, on 7 Oct 1784 (sweep 285, carried out in the east).  He recorded it as "pretty bright; pretty small; resolvable."  On 11 Dec 1786 (sweep 645) he observed it again this time in the meridian with the telescope just 5.5° from the zenith:  "faint; elongated; about 1 1/2' long."  This pair was observed at Birr Castle on 4 nights.

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NGC 1162 = MCG -02-08-036 = PGC 11274

02 58 55.9 -12 23 55; Eri

V = 12.5;  Size 1.3'x1.3';  Surf Br = 12.9

 

17.5" (12/28/94): moderately bright, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter, evenly concentrated with a small bright core and an quasi-stellar nucleus.  A mag 12.5 star is 3.7' S of center.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1162 = H. III-469 = h2502 on 27 Nov 1785 (sweep 478) and recorded "vF, stellar, 240 power left some doubt."  John Herschel observed NGC 1162 from the Cape of Good Hope and recorded "pF, R, gradually little brighter middle, 25"."  Édouard Stephan made observations on 29 Oct 1875 and 1 Nov 1877.

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NGC 1163 = MCG -03-08-056 = FGC 373 = PGC 11359

03 00 22.0 -17 09 10; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 2.2'x0.3';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 135°

 

17.5" (11/18/95): very faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 1.0'x0.3' (full length of extensions not seen), low even surface brightness.  NGC 1163 is a member of the NGC 1209 Group (LGG 81), which includes NGCs 1145, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1199 and IC 276.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1163 = LM 1-80 on 31 Oct 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  Leavenworth's rough RA (nearest min of RA) is about 1tmin west of MCG -03-08-056 = PGC 11359, and although this PA = 75d is wrong (should be 135d) he describes this galaxy as "very elongated" and "spindle shaped", so the identification is certain.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1164 = UGC 2490 = MCG +07-07-016 = CGCG 540-028 = Mrk 1067 = PGC 11441

03 01 59.8 +42 35 06; Per

V = 13.1;  Size 1.3'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 145°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): very faint, very small, round.  A mag 14 star is just 0.6' NNW of center and a mag 15 star is even closer at 0.4' NW.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1164 = h278 on 18 Sep 1828 (sweep 182) and logged "eF; S; 5 arcseconds."  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1165 = ESO 417-008 = MCG -05-08-009 = PGC 11270

02 58 47.7 -32 05 55; For

V = 12.7;  Size 2.5'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 115°

 

17.5" (12/9/01): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, 1.5'x1.0', irregular surface brightness.  The brighter core appeared double at moments (faint star superimposed?).  The outer halo is very diffuse.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1165 = h2503 on 19 Oct 1835 and noted "vF, pmE, very little brighter middle, 60" long, 30" broad." His position and description matches E417-008  = PGC 11270.

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NGC 1166 = UGC 2471 = MCG +02-08-046 = CGCG 440-041 = PGC 11372

03 00 35.0 +11 50 35; Ari

V = 14.0;  Size 1.2'x1.1';  Surf Br = 14.1

 

17.5" (1/9/99): very faint, fairly small, weak concentration.  The halo is ill-defined but appears irregularly round, ~0.8'x0.6.  A couple of mag 15.5 stars are within 1' of the west side.  Also confusing the observation is a superimposed  mag 15.5+ star at the north edge which pops in and out of view for moments.  A wide pair of mag 14 stars lie 3' NE. Forms a pair with fainter NGC 1168 5.2' SE.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1166 = m 85 on 1 Oct 1864 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and noted "eF, S".  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1167 = UGC 2487 = MCG +06-07-033 = CGCG 524-045 = PGC 11425

03 01 42.4 +35 12 20; Per

V = 12.4;  Size 2.8'x2.3';  Surf Br = 14.3;  PA = 70°

 

17.5" (1/1/92): fairly faint, moderately large, high surface brightness core with very faint larger halo slightly elongated WSW-ENE.  A mag 10 star lies 4.0' S.  UGC 2465 lies 13' WSW.  Brightest in a group that includes UGC's 2435, 2465, 2466, 2491, 2494 and 2526 in the foreground of AGC 407.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1167 = H. III-178 on 13 Sep 1784 (sweep 271) and reported "vF, pL, R, small pB place in the middle."  His position (reduced by Auwers) was ~11' too far WNW and the GC position was 4' too far northwest.  Édouard Stephan observed the galaxy on 6 Jan 1874, though didn't publish a position.  The NGC position, though, was accurate.

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NGC 1168 = UGC 2476 = MCG +02-08-047 = CGCG 440-042 = PGC 11378

03 00 47.2 +11 46 21; Ari

V = 14.2;  Size 1.1'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 18°

 

17.5" (1/9/99): extremely faint, very small, round, 20" diameter.  Probably only viewed the core (the arms are very low surface brightness on the digitized sky survey).  Located midway between NGC 1166 5.2' NW and mag 9 SAO 93236 to the SE.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1168 = m 85 on 1 Oct 1864 with Lassell's 48" on Malta and simply noted "eF".  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1169 = UGC 2503 = MCG +08-06-025 = CGCG 554-020 = PGC 11521

03 03 34.7 +46 23 09; Per

V = 11.3;  Size 4.2'x2.8';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 28°

 

24" (2/8/18): at 200x; bright, very large, oval 4:3 SW-NE, ~2.5'x2.0', sharply concentrated with a very small bright core/nucleus.  A bright star (mag ~13) is superimposed at the SSW edge of the nucleus!  Located in a Perseus star field rich in fainter stars.

 

LEDA 2280846 is just 3' NE of center.  At 375x it appeared very faint (mag 16.2B), small, oval 3:2 E-W, 15"x10", fairly low even surface brightness.  It forms the western vertex of a small triangle with two 13th mag stars 0.6' SE and 0.8' E.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): moderately bright, very small, bright core.  With averted vision a large extremely faint halo is visible elongated SW-NE.  A mag 13.5 star is superimposed at the SW side of the core!  NGC 1169 is located just 10.6° from the galactic equator.  It's is a huge spiral, with a diameter of 170,000 light-years.

 

8" (1/1/84): faint, very small, slightly elongated.  Only the core was visible as I missed the large halo.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1169 = H. II-620 = h279 on 11 Dec 1786 (sweep 645) and logged "Faint, small, irregularly round, brighter middle."  The telescope was within 6° of the zenith as the galaxy crossed the field.  Interestingly, John Herschel reported on 31 Dec 1831 (sweep 390), "vF; irreg figure.  Suspected to be only a few stars."

 

Birr Castle observed R.J. Mitchell observed the galaxy on 11 Dec 1854: "Bright star south preceding the Nucl and a very faint star? involved north preceding the Nucl.  The neby fades away gradually."  The RNGC places this galaxy 1.0 min of RA too far east.

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NGC 1170

03 02 24 +27 04; Ari

 

= Tail of a comet?, HC  =Not found, JS.

 

Charles Sanders Peirce (son of Benjamin Peirce) discovered NGC 1170 = HN 38 on 31 Dec 1869 at Harvard College Observatory using the 15-inch Merz & Mahler refractor (Annals of Harvard Obs, Vol 13, #47).  An approximate position is given in the Harvard Observatory list based on comparison with Comet 1869 III.  A very close, unequal double star is near Peirce's position at 03 02 29.6 +27 03 20 (2000).  But the description "J.W. and C.S.P. independently think the sky generally bright f and a little n of the comet for 14' or more (several fields according to C.S.P.)" implies that the observation refers to an extremely large object and Corwin and Steinicke suggest the observation perhaps refers to the actual tail of the comet!  This is the only object in the NGC attributed to Peirce (mispelled as Pierce in the NGC).  Classified as nonexistent in the RNGC.  See Corwin's comments.

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NGC 1171 = UGC 2510 = MCG +07-07-018 = CGCG 540-031 = PGC 11552

03 03 59.0 +43 23 54; Per

V = 12.3;  Size 2.6'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 147°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, broadly concentrated.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1171 = St. 10-15 = Sw. 2-26 on 26 Nov 1869 with a rough position 1' S of center.  He made a second observation on 1 Dec 1877 and published an accurate micrometric position on 4 Dec 1880 with description "very faint, pretty large, irregular." Lewis Swift rediscovered NGC 1171 on 12 Sep 1885 and reported it as new in his second discovery paper (#26).  His position was only 0.2 minutes of time too large.  Dreyer credited both Stephan (1) and Swift (2) in the NGC.

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NGC 1172 = MCG -03-08-059 = PGC 11420

03 01 36.0 -14 50 12; Eri

V = 11.9;  Size 2.3'x1.8';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 25°

 

13.1" (1/18/85): faint, small, round, broad concentration.  Located 2.1' SW of mag 9.6 SAO 148719.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1172 = H. II-502 = h280 on 30 Dec 1785 (sweep 499) and logged "F, eS, stellar, preceding a pB star. 240 verified it."  The "pB star" is 2' NE.  On 15 Oct 1830  (sweep 307), John Herschel called this object "pB; pL; R; pretty suddenly brighter middle; 40" diameter."

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NGC 1173

03 03 58 +42 23; Per

 

= Not found, RNGC.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered NGC 1173 = Big. 12, along with NGCs 1176, 1178, 1183, on 17 Dec 1884 with the 12" at the Paris Observatory and reported "mag 13.4-13.5; 20" diameter, stellar ncl".  There is nothing at his position, though Harold Corwin states that Bigourdan made a 1 degree error in reducing the NPD from his offset stars.  Once corrected, his positions for the other three objects match single stars near NGC 1175, but in the case of NGC 1173 there is nothing at his position.  So, NGC 1173 is lost at this time though probably refers to a faint star like the other objects. See Corwin's notes for story.

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NGC 1174 = NGC 1186 = UGC 2521 = MCG +07-07-021 = CGCG 540-034 = PGC 11617

03 05 30.7 +42 50 05; Per

 

See observing notes for NGC 1186.

 

Lewis Swift found NGC 1174 = Sw. 4-11 on 31 Aug 1883 and recorded "vF; pS; lE; in contact on preceding side with a pB*; D* np point to it about 4.5"."  There is nothing at his position but 1 minute of RA further east is NGC 1186 and Swift's detailed description of the star in contact and the nearby double star clinches the equivalence.  So, NGC 1174 = NGC 1186, with discovery priority to Herschel (H. IV-43).

 

Rudolph Spitaler first mentioned the equivalence in AN, 127, 91.  He wrote "I could not find NGC 1174.  Close to Swift's place are crowded four or five faint stars; About 6 seconds before the alleged position, I temporarily thought I noticed something nebulous, but I can not vouch for it. According to Swift's description, I rather believe that the place is in error by 1 minute and this nebula is identical to NGC 1186. This is supported by the remark "D[ouble] * np points to it about 4.5"."  If the two nebulae were not identical, this would have to mean: "D * nf, etc.", where "D *" undoubtedly refers to the double star DM 42°694.  Incidentally, according to Swift's description in NGC, it must also be called "pB * close following" instead of "pB * close preceding".

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NGC 1175 = UGC 2515 = MCG +07-07-019 = CGCG 540-032 = PGC 11578

03 04 32.3 +42 20 22; Per

V = 12.9;  Size 1.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 153°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): moderately bright, fairly small, edge-on 3:1 NW-SE, bright core, faint stellar nucleus.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1177 2' NE.  Located 10' SE of mag 7.5 SAO 38540.  Located at the western edge of AGC 426.

 

13.1" (1/19/85): fairly faint, elongated NNW-SSE, fairly small, larger brighter core, diffuse outer arms, possible faint stellar nucleus.  Located SE of a mag 7 star.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1177 1.7' NE.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1175 = H. II-607 on 24 Oct 1786 (sweep 620) and recorded "F, cL, E."  His position is just off the east edge of UGC 2515 = PGC 11578.  Nearby NGC 1175 was discovered at Birr Castle.

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NGC 1176

03 04 34.9 +42 23 37; Per

 

= *, Corwin. Not found, RNGC.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered NGC 1176 = Big. 13, along with NGC 1173, 1178 and 1183, on 17 Dec 1884 with the 12" at the Paris Observatory. There is nothing at the NGC position, but Corwin states that Bigourdan made a 1 degree error in reducing the NPD from his offset star.  Once corrected, his position for NGC 1176 corresponds with a mag 14.5 star 3.3' N of NGC 1175.  The positions for NGC 1178 and 1183 also match stars, although NGC 1173 is apparently lost.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1177 = IC 281 = MCG +07-07-020 = CGCG 540-033 = PGC 11581

03 04 37.1 +42 21 46; Per

V = 14.1;  Size 0.4'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.6

 

17.5" (10/24/87): very faint, very small, slightly elongated ~E-W.  A mag 13 star is just 33" N of center.  Located 1.7' NE of NGC 1175 at the western edge of AGC 426.

 

Lawrence Parsons, the 4th earl of Rosse, discovered NGC 1177 on 29 Nov 1874 and reported a "vS, F, R neb (to which 637 [NGC 1175] perhaps extends) north-following.  A *11 in Pos 15.4°, Dist 34.6 arcsec."  The position and description matches CGCG 540-033.  Lewis Swift independently found the galaxy on 1 Nov 1888 and reported it as new in his 8th discovery list, #11 (later IC 281).  His position falls between NGC 1175 and NGC 1177, but the description mentions the star to the north, so IC 281 = NGC 1177.  Surprisingly, Dreyer didn't catch the equivalence. See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1178

03 04 38.8 +42 18 49; Per

 

= *, Corwin.   = Not found, RNGC.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered NGC 1178 = Big. 14, along with NGC 1173, 1176 and 1183, on 17 Dec 1884 with the 12" at the Paris Observatory. There is nothing at his position, but Corwin states that Bigourdan made a 1 degree error in reducing the NPD from his offset star.  Once corrected, his position for NGC 1176 corresponds with a mag 13.8 star 2.0' SE of NGC 1175.  The positions for NGC 1176 and 1183 also match stars, although NGC 1173 is apparently lost.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1179 = ESO 547-001 = MCG -03-08-060 = UGCA 48 = PGC 11480

03 02 38.3 -18 53 51; Eri

V = 12.0;  Size 4.9'x3.8';  Surf Br = 15.0;  PA = 35°

 

17.5" (1/1/92): extremely faint, moderately large, 2.5' diameter, very low surface brightness, Appears as a diffuse, hazy region with a mag 13.5 star at the ESE edge 1.2' from center.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1179 = LM 1-81 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His (rough) position essentially matches ESO 547-001 and his note "*12 follows 1 arcmin" applies to this galaxy.

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NGC 1180 = PGC 11435

03 01 51.0 -15 01 48; Eri

V = 14.9;  Size 0.6'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 5°

 

17.5" (1/28/00): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated N-S, 0.4'x0.3', weak concentration.  Forms a close (physical) pair with NGC 1181 2.4' SW.  Located 2' WNW of a mag 12 star.  NGC 1191 and 1192, background members of HCG 22, share the same redshift.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1180 = LM 1-82 (along with NGC 1181 = I-83) on 31 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  Leavenworth's generally poor positions are close enough here so the identification NGC 1180 = PGC 11435 and NGC 1181 = PGC 11427 is certain.  For some reason Howe could not find these galaxies near Leavenworth's position but did find NGC 1150 and 1151 about 5 min of RA west of Leavenworth's positions and assumed they were NGC 1180 and 1181. Dreyer even added the comment "are they perhaps = 1150 and 1151?".  But these are two different pairs, roughly where Leavenworth placed them.  Because of Howe's error, RNGC claims NGC 1150 is identical to NGC 1180 and NGC 1151 is identical to NGC 1181.

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NGC 1181 = PGC 11427

03 01 42.8 -15 03 09; Eri

V = 15.4;  Size 0.8'x0.2';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 100°

 

17.5" (1/28/00): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated E-W, 0.4'x0.2', requires averted.  I was only able to detect the brighter central region and missed the extensions.  NGC 1181 is the slightly fainter of a close (physical) pair with NGC 1180 2.4' NE.  Located 2' WNW of a mag 12 star.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1181 = LM 1-83 (along with NGC 1180 = I-82) on 31 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  Leavenworth's generally poor positions are close enough here so the identification NGC 1180 = PGC 11435 and NGC 1181 = PGC 11427 is certain.  For some reason Howe could not find these galaxies near Leavenworth's position but did find NGC 1150 and 1151 about 5 min of RA west of Leavenworth's positions and assumed they were NGC 1180 and 1181. Dreyer even added the comment "are they perhaps = 1150 and 1151?"  But these are two different pairs, roughly where Leavenworth placed them.  Because of Howe's error, RNGC claims NGC 1150 is identical to NGC 1180 and NGC 1151 is identical to NGC 1181.

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NGC 1182 = NGC 1205 = PGC 11511

03 03 28.4 -09 40 13; Eri

V = 14.8;  Size 0.9'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 115°

 

17.5" (1/28/00): very faint, small, round, slightly elongated NW-SE, 25"x20" diameter, low surface brightness.  A mag 12 star lies 2.5' SW and a mag 13 star is 1' E.  Located 29' NE of mag 5.8 SAO 148721.  NGC 1185 lies 33' NNW.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1182 = LM 1-84 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.5, 0.7'x0.3', E 120°, *10 P 240° [SW], dist 3.0'."  There is nothing at his rough position (RA to the nearest min of time), but 1 min of RA east is PGC 11511 and his position angle of 120° as well as the nearby star matches this galaxy.  This galaxy was also found again by Stone (I-87) the same year, but this time his position was 2 min of RA too far east!  In this case, he listed the identical dimensions and even mentioned the same star preceding but gave an incorrect PA of 25°.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position for NGC 1182 in 1898-99 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes) and the following year noted the equivalence of these two numbers.

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NGC 1183

03 04 46.1 +42 22 08; Per

 

= *, Corwin.  Not found, RNGC.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered NGC 1183 = Big. 15, along with NGC 1173, 1176 and 1178, on 17 Dec 1884 with the 12" at the Paris Observatory. There is nothing at his position, but Corwin states that Bigourdan made a 1 degree error in reducing the NPD from his offset star.  Once corrected, his position for NGC 1183 corresponds with a mag 14 star 1.7' ENE of NGC 1177.  The positions for NGC 1176 and 1178 also match stars, although NGC 1173 is apparently lost.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1184 = UGC 2583 = MCG +13-03-002 = CGCG 346-002 = PGC 12174

03 16 45.4 +80 47 36; Cep

V = 12.4;  Size 2.8'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 168°

 

17.5" (10/20/90): fairly faint, fairly small, edge-on 4:1 NNW-SSE, sharp concentration, stellar nucleus.  This is a pretty edge-on system with a bulging core and tapering extensions.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1184 = H. II-704 on 16 Sep 1787 (sweep 757) . He recorded "faint, pretty large, much elongated from np to sf, little brighter middle."  This galaxy is the third closest galaxy to the north celestial pole discovered by Herschel in 2000 coordinates (after NGC 6251 and 6251), but only the 9th closest using 1800 coordinates.

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NGC 1185 = MCG -02-08-041 = PGC 11488

03 02 59.4 -09 07 55; Eri

V = 14.8;  Size 1.2'x0.5';  Surf Br = 14.1;  PA = 30°

 

17.5" (1/28/00): faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.4', weak concentration.  A mag 15 star is close SSE [56" from center].

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1185 = LM 2-353 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and reported "mag 15.7, 0.8' dia, pE 15°.".  His position is just 8 tsec west of MCG -02-08-041 = PGC 11488 and the description applies.

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NGC 1186 = NGC 1174 = UGC 2521 = MCG +07-07-021 = CGCG 540-034 = PGC 11617

03 05 30.7 +42 50 05; Per

V = 11.4;  Size 3.2'x1.2';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 122°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 WNW-ESE.  A mag 13 star, superimposed just southwest of the center, detracts from viewing.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1186 = H. IV-43 = h281 on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 614) and reported "a pretty S star with a very F nebulosity to the nf side, of very little extent."  On 24 Oct 1786 (sweep 621), he noted "a pretty B star with two faint branches." John Herschel also described it on 23 Dec 1831 (sweep 389) as "a star 14m with some kind of faint nebulous appendage."  Herschel placed this galaxy in his class IV, which refers to objects that appeared to be planetary nebulae.

 

R.J. Mitchell and Samuel Hunter, Lord Rosse's observing assistants, both failed to find this galaxy and d'Arrest tried to follow up in 1863 but was also unsuccessful. Stephan made an observation on 5 Dec 1877.  Bigourdan also observed and suggested it was a "variable nebula", because of the mixed results.  Rudolph Spitaler took a look on 12 Mar 1891 with the 27-inch Vienna refractor.  His description reads, "elongated NW-SE, but its boundaries are not so regularly shaped it could be described as elliptical. On its south preceding side is a mag 11 star. In the southeast side the nebula is limited by two faint stars, but at times the edge of the nebula seems to stretch beyond these. The brightest part is northeast of the former star. I estimate the length to be 2'."

 

Lewis Swift found this galaxy and superimposed star on 31 Aug 1883 and assumed it was new.  His RA for Sw. 4-11 (later NGC 1174) was 1 minute of RA too small.  Finally, it was checked for variability on photographs taken with the Mt Wilson 60-inch in 1914 and 1917, with no change found.

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NGC 1187 = ESO 480-023 = MCG -04-08-016 = UGCA 49 = PGC 11479

03 02 37.4 -22 52 03; Eri

V = 10.8;  Size 5.5'x4.1';  Surf Br = 14.0;  PA = 130°

 

48" (10/27/19): at 375x; very bright, very large spiral with a bright elongated core oriented WNW-ESE.  The inner portion of the halo was clearly blotchy.  A brighter arc or patch was just SE of the core and another brighter arc as close E and NE of the core.  Finally, a subtle brighter patch was NW of the core.  These brighter spiral segments formed a pseudo-ring oriented WNW-ESE.  The outer halo was diffuse and extended ~4.5'x3.25', reaching a mag 15.9 star 1.9' N of center.  Another 16th mag star was in the outer halo on the NE side. Located 4.6' SE of mag 8.8 HD 18967.

 

ESO 480-20, located 4.5' NNW, appeared faint, low surface brightness, elongated N-S, ~30"x20".  Situated 0.9' NE of mag 8.8 HD 18967, which strongly detracted from the view.

 

17.5" (11/26/94): moderately bright, fairly large, 4'x3' NW-SE.  Elongated in the direction of mag 8.8 SAO 168248, which is 4.7' NW of center.  Broad concentration to an ill-defined core which contains a faint but distinct stellar nucleus.

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, fairly large, elongated, diffuse.  Located 4.7' SE of a mag 9 star.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1187 = H. III-245 = h2504 on 9 Dec 1784 (sweep 331) and noted "vF, cL, iE, resolvable, unequally bright."  John Herschel described the galaxy from the Cape as "bright; very large; pretty much elongated; very gradually brighter to the middle; 3.5' long, 2.5' broad; has in or near the middle a star 16 mag."  E.E. Barnard observed the nebula on 23 Aug 1883 and was surprised Herschel called it "vF", as it was not difficult in his 5-inch refractor.

 

NGC 1187 was first photographed by Delisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901 and described in a list of NGC corrections as "cF, small, 2-branch spiral, 2 stars south preceding."   The galaxy was later photographed by Harold Knox-Shaw at the Helwan Observatory between 1909-11 with the 30" Reynolds reflector and described as a "spiral with curious faint extensions".  Photographs taken in 1919-20 with the new 30" mirror showed "spiral with many braches in which are a great many almost stellar condensations; pF stellar nucleus through which is a vF line in p.a. 115° [central bar], giving the central portion a Phi type appearance ([barred ring]."

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NGC 1188 = MCG -03-08-068 = PGC 11533

03 03 43.4 -15 29 07; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 1.1'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 170°

 

17.5" (10/13/90): faint, small, elongated 3:1 N-S.  NGC 1188 is only 8' N of NGC 1199, the brightest member of HCG 22.  It is also a member of the much larger NGC 1209 Group (LGG 81), which includes NGC 1145, 1163, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1199 and IC 276.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1188 = LM 1-89 on 2 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  This is the first in a group of five galaxies (NGCs 1189, 1190, 1191 and 1192) discovered that night.  Although Leavenworth only gave a rough RA for these objects, Herbert Howe measured accurate individual RA's in 1899-00 (repeated in the IC 2 Notes section).  In this case, Howe's corrected RA is a good match with  MCG -03-08-068 = PGC 11533.  It is interesting to note that this places NGC 1188 just 8' N of NGC 1199, which is the brightest member of HCG 22.  The RNGC incorrectly equates NGC 1188 with NGC 1199 and the MCG does not label MCG -03-08-068 as MCG.

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NGC 1189 = HCG 22C = MCG -03-08-061 = LGG 081-001 = PGC 11503

03 03 24.3 -15 37 23; Eri

V = 13.9;  Size 1.7'x1.5';  Surf Br = 14.8

 

17.5" (10/13/90): extremely faint, fairly small, unusually low even surface brightness.  First in the HCG 22 quintet with brightest member NGC 1199 4' ENE.  NGC 1189 lies 2.3' SSE.  NGC 1189 is also a member of the larger NGC 1209 Group at z ~.009.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1189 = LM 1-90 (along with nearby NGC 1188, 1190, 1191 and 1192) on 2 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  Although Leavenworth only gave a rough RA for these objects (corrected by 3 min of RA in a note in the second discovery list), Howe measured relatively accurate individual RA's in 1899-00, which are repeated in the IC 2 Notes section.  This is the first of 5 NGC galaxies in HCG 22.

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NGC 1190 = HCG 22B = MCG -03-08-062 = PGC 11508

03 03 26.2 -15 39 44; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 0.9'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 95°

 

17.5" (10/13/90): extremely faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 E-W, very low surface brightness, requires averted vision.  Member of the HCG 22 quintet with NGC 1199 4' NE, NGC 1189 2.3' NNW, NGC 1191 1.8' SE and NGC 1192 3' ESE.  The two latter galaxies lie in the background but the others are members of the larger NGC 1209 group that also includes NGCs 1145, 1163, 1188 and IC 276.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1190 = LM 1-91 (along with nearby NGC 1188, 1189, 1191 and 1192) on 2 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  Although Leavenworth only gave a rough RA for these objects (corrected by 3 min of RA in a note in the second discovery list), Herbert Howe measured relatively accurate individual RA's in 1899-00, which are repeated in the IC 2 Notes section.  This is the second of five NGC galaxies in HCG 22.

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NGC 1191 = HCG 22D = MCG -03-08-064 = PGC 11514

03 03 30.9 -15 41 08; Eri

V = 14.3;  Size 0.6'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 60°

 

17.5" (10/13/90): extremely faint and small, round.  A mag 14 star is 1.5' S.  Member of the the HCG 22 quintet with NGC 1192 1.0' ENE, NGC 1190 1.8' NW and NGC 1199 4' NNE.  NGC 1191 and 1192 have 3.5 times higher redshift than the other HCG 22 members, so lie in the background at a similar redsift as NGC 1180 and 1181.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1191 = LM 1-91 on 2 Dec 1885 (along with nearby NGC 1188, 1189, 1190 and 1192) with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  Although Leavenworth only gave a rough RA for these objects (corrected by 3 min of RA in a note in the second discovery list), Herbert Howe measured relatively accurate individual RA's in 1899-00, which are repeated in the IC 2 Notes section.  This is the third of five NGC galaxies in HCG 22.

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NGC 1192 = HCG 22E = MCG -03-08-065 = PGC 11519

03 03 34.6 -15 40 45; Eri

V = 14.4;  Size 0.7'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 102°

 

17.5" (10/13/90): extremely faint and small, round.  In a tight group (HCG 22) with NGC 1191 1' WSW, NGC 1190 2.3' NW and NGC 1199 4' N.  This galaxy and NGC 1191 have 3x higher redshift than the other HCG 22 members so lie in the background at a similar redsift as NGC 1180 and 1181.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1192 = LM 1-91 (along with nearby NGC 1188, 1189, 1190 and 1191) on 2 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  Although Leavenworth only gave a rough RA for these objects (corrected by 3 min of RA in a note in the second discovery list), Howe measured relatively accurate individual RA's, except for NGC 1192.  But assuming this object is east of NGC 1191 and 1' N, the identification is certain.

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NGC 1193 = Cr 35 = OCL-390 = Lund 99

03 05 56 +44 23 00; Per

Size 2'

 

17.5" (10/24/87): this faint open cluster consists of an elongated glow with five faint stars mag 14-15 superimposed and a mag 11 star at the west edge.  Located 4' ESE of a wide pair of bright stars (7.7/9.5 at 1.1').  This is a fairly old open cluster with age ~ 4.2 billion years.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1193 = H. II-608 on 24 Oct 1786 (sweep 621) and recorded "F, cL, easily resolvable, some of the stars visible."  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1194 = UGC 2514 = MCG +00-08-078 = CGCG 389-068 = PGC 11537

03 03 49.1 -01 06 13; Cet

V = 12.9;  Size 1.8'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 140°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, broad concentration.  UGC 2517 is in the field 8' SE.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1194 = St. 13-22 on 3 Nov 1877 with the 31" reflector at Marseilles Observatory.  His micrometric position (reduced on 23 Nov 1883 and published in his 13th discovery list) is accurate.

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NGC 1195 = MCG -02-08-042A = Holm 65b = PGC 11517

03 03 32.8 -12 02 03; Eri

V = 14.7;  Size 0.6'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.4

 

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; nearly fairly faint, small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus. A mag 13.5 star is 45" SE.  In a quartet with NGC 1196 2.3' SSE, along with NGC 1299 amd IC 285 to the NE.

 

17.5" (10/20/90): very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 N-S, even surface brightness.  A mag 13 star is 45" SE of center.  First of four in the NGC 1200 quartet (part of group USGC S110) with NGC 1196 3' S and NGC 1200 7' NE.

 

J.L.E. Dreyer discovered NGC 1195 while making an observation of the NGC 1196 field on 8 Jan 1877 with the 72".  He logged an "eF, eS nebula (distinctly seen)" in position 305° (NW) of a mag 12 star directly north of NGC 1196.  The position angle is good and clearly establishes NGC 1195 = PGC 11517.

 

Pietro Baracchi independently discovered NGC 1195 on 7 Dec 1885 with the Great Melbourne Telescope and sketched the field, along with NGC 1196, NGC 1200 and IC 285 (new discovery).

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NGC 1196 = MCG -02-08-042B = Holm 65a = PGC 11522

03 03 35.2 -12 04 34; Eri

V = 12.5;  Size 1.5'x1.4';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, small bright nucleus, ~30"x20".  A low surface brightness halo increases the size with averted to ~40" in diameter.  Occasionally it brightened along the spine of the major axis like a bar.  In a group (USGC S110) with several NGCs and ICs, including NGC 1195 2.3' NNW.

 

17.5" (10/20/90): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 WNW-ESE, well-defined bright core.  A mag 13 star is 1.7' N and a mag 12 star is 3' SSE.  Second of four in the NGC 1200 compact group with NGC 1195 2.2' N.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1196 = h2505 on 8 Jan 1877 while observing the field of NGC 1200.  He logged it on two consecutive nights as "vF" and "the S.p. of two [with NGC 1200]", but missed nearby NGC 1195.

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NGC 1197

03 06 12 +44 04; Per

 

= Not found, Corwin and RNGC.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1197 = Sw. 2-27 on 12 Sep 1885 with the 16-inch refractor at Warner Observatory and reported "pF, cE, pS, sev vF stars nr".  His position falls on a blank piece of sky between two mag 13.1 and 14.2 stars. There are also a number of faint double stars in the vicinity on the DSS that he might have mistaken for a nebulous object.  In any case, this number is currently lost or nonexistent.

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NGC 1198 = IC 282 = UGC 2533 = MCG +07-07-024 = CGCG 540-038 = PGC 11648

03 06 13.3 +41 50 56; Per

V = 12.5;  Size 1.9'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 120°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, very small, diffuse round halo, stellar nucleus about 14th magnitude.  Located 7' N of mag 8.8 SAO 38577.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1198 = St. 11-7 on 1 Dec 1875 and noted a rough position 1.5' to the NE.  His published position (list 11, #7) was made on 6 Dec 1880 with description "core of 11th magnitude, slightly nebulous."  His position was accurate although MCG missed identifying MCG +07-07-024 as NGC 1198.  Lewis Swift found this galaxy on 27 Dec 1888. He reported it as new in his 12th discovery list, #12  with description, "eF, S, R, bet 2 nr stars".  Swift's RA was 1 minute too small, so Dreyer cataloged again as IC 282.  So, NGC 1198 = IC 282.  Harold Corwin and Malcolm Thomson agree with this equivalence.

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NGC 1199 = HCG 22A = MCG -03-08-067 = LGG 081-002 = PGC 11527

03 03 38.4 -15 36 50; Eri

V = 11.4;  Size 2.4'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 48°

 

17.5" (10/13/90): moderately bright, fairly small, oval 4:3 SSW-NNE, broadly concentrated halo, small bright core.  A mag 11 star is 2.8' NE. An extremely faint mag 15 star or possibly an anonymous galaxy is 2' N.

 

NGC 1199 is the brightest in the HCG 22 quintet with extremely faint NGC 1190 4.1' SW, NGC 1191 4.6' SSW, NGC 1189 3.4' W and NGC 1192 4.0' S.   NGC 1191 and 1192 lie in the background, though, at 3.5x the redshift.  NGC 1199, along with NGC 1209, are the brightest members of a much larger group (LGG 81) that also includes NGCs 1145, 1163, 1188 and IC 276 at z ~.009.

 

13.1" (1/18/85): moderately bright, small, round, diffuse halo surrounded by a fairly bright stellar nucleus.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1199 = H. II-503 = h282 on 30 Dec 1785 (sweep 499) and logged "pB, S, iF, mbM."  Both William and John Herschel's declination was ~ 1' too far north. Engelhardt measured an accurate micrometric position.

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NGC 1200 = MCG -02-08-043 = PGC 11545

03 03 54.6 -11 59 30; Eri

V = 12.7;  Size 2.8'x1.3';  Surf Br = 14.0;  PA = 85°

 

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; fairly bright, fairly large, slightly elongated but orientation difficult to pin down. The brighter central region is strongly concentrated with a very small brighter nucleus.  The outer 1' halo has a very low surface brightness and drops off imperceptibly into the background sky.  A mag 15.4 star is at the south edge of the halo.  Brightest in a quartet with IC 285 3' SE and brightest in the larger USGC S110 galaxy group (8 members).

 

17.5" (10/20/90): fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core, halo slightly elongated N-S.  There is an extremely faint star or possible companion at the south edge.  Third of four and brightest in a compact quartet with NGC 1195 and 1196.

 

NGC 1200 forms a close pair with IC 285 3.2' ESE.  The IC companion was logged as "very faint, small, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, very low even surface brightness."

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1200 = H. II-475 = h2506 on 27 Nov 1785 (sweep 478) and noted "pF, pL, irr F, bM."  On 22 Nov 1835 (sweep 648) John Herschel described it from the Cape of Good Hope as "pB, L, R, 80". The N.f. of two, distance about 7.5'; position 45 degrees." His mean position from 2 measures is accurate.

 

While observing NGC 1200 on 7 Dec 1885 with the Great Melbourne Telescope, Pietro Baracchi discovered nearby IC 285 and made an independent discovery of NGC 1195 (found earlier by Dreyer).

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NGC 1201 = ESO 480-028 = MCG -04-08-023 = LGG 086-005 = PGC 11559

03 04 08.0 -26 04 12; For

V = 10.7;  Size 3.6'x2.1';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 7°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 N-S, 1.6'x0.8', well concentrated.  Dominated by a bright, very small round core and an almost stellar nucleus.  Forms the southern vertex of an acute triangle with a mag 12 star off the NNW side 2.9' from center and a mag 10.5 star 3.8' NE of center.  In a group (LGG 086) with NGC 1255 and 1302.

 

14.5" (12/17/20): at 182x; fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 or 5:2 N-S, ~1.8'x0.8'. Sharply concentrated with a small intensely bright core that dominates the appearance and increases to a sharp stellar peak. In a small group (LGG 086) with NGC 1255 and 1302.

 

8" (10/31/81): fairly bright, small, slightly elongated N-S, small bright core.  A mag 11 star is 4' NE.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1201 = H. I-109 = h283 on 26 Oct 1785 (sweep 466) and logged "cB; mbM; iR; resolvable."  On a later sweep he wrote, "cB, pS, lE in the direction of the meridian, mbM, resolvable, 1.5' long."  Finally on sweep (593) he recorded "pB, pS, bM, lE."  On 14 Oct 1830 (sweep 306), John Herwschel remarked "B; R; pretty suddenly brighter middle; 30" [diameter]." His position was just off the north end of the galaxy.

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NGC 1202 = PGC 11593

03 05 02.5 -06 29 30; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 0.6'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.7

 

17.5" (1/12/02): very faint, small, round, 25" diameter, low even surface brightness.  A pair of mag 14/15 star (32" separation) lie 1' SE.  Located 4' SW of a 20" pair of mag 10.5/11.5 stars and 4.8' SSW of a mag 10.3 star.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1202 = LM 2-354 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.5, 0.3' dia, wide double star, position 45° (NE) at 4' distance.  His position is ~30 tsec of RA east of PGC 11593, but his description of the double star is a perfect match.  Bigourdan's position for IC 286, which he claimed to have found while searching for this galaxy, is very close to NGC 1202 and Corwin notes that his offset stars don't match the field.  So, IC 286 is lost unless his offset stars can be recovered.

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NGC 1203 = MCG -03-08-070 = PGC 11599

03 05 14.1 -14 22 53; Eri

V = 14.5;  Size 0.6'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.7

 

17.5" (10/13/90): very faint, very small, round.  A very close contact pair NGC 1203B is attached at the NE end.  The fainter companion appeared extremely faint and small, round.  Located almost at midpoint of mag 8.2 SAO 148753 2.6' SE and mag 9.5 SAO 148757 3.1' NE.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1203 = LM 1-85 on 1 Jan 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His rough position is a good match with  MCG -03-08-070/071 = PGC 11603/11599.  This is a close double system with the brighter component (identified as NGC 1203A in NED and MCG) on the south side.  The magnitudes are reversed (brighter mag associated with the northern component) in several sources.  It's likely Leavenworth saw the combined glow of both objects as I could pick out the northern component.  Howe called this object "extremely faint and very small", with no indication of a companion.

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NGC 1204 = MCG -02-08-045 = PGC 11583

03 04 40.0 -12 20 29; Eri

V = 13.3;  Size 1.2'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.3;  PA = 69°

 

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; very unusual appearance with a fairly bright mag 12.5 star attached on the south edge with the galaxy elongated 2:1 or 5:2 WSW-ENE and extending ~0.9'x0.4'.  A mag 14.5 star is 45" SW (outside the glow) and a mag 15.3 star is just 15" SE of the brighter star.  Member of the NGC 1200 group (USGC S110).

 

17.5" (11/17/01): interesting object as it appears as a diffuse glow, elongated ENE-WSW with three stars near including a mag 11 star attached at the south edge.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1204 = LM 1-86 on 26 Dec 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and reported "mag 15.5, E 45°, B* and sev F stars inv in neb, resolvable."  His position is a good match with MCG -02-08-045 = PGC 11583 and the description is appropriate for this galaxy.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes) and mentions "I noticed simply a small triangle of stars of mags 11, 12, and 13.  The brightest star seemed to be enveloped in an extremely faint mantle of nebulous matter."

 

Recently (27 Mar 2015), I found that William Herschel observed NGC 1204 on 27 Nov 1785 (sweep 478), though he only logged "a deception", and Caroline didn't assign it a general (internal) discovery number or H-designation.  His offset in position from #1193 = NGC 1200 (the previous object in the sweep), places the "deception" just 1.2' south of NGC 1204, based on Corwin's reduction (Steinicke also confirms this observation).  Based on my visual notes, I can see why WH found the appearance ambiguous.

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NGC 1205 = NGC 1182 = PGC 11511

03 03 28.4 -09 40 13; Eri

 

See observing notes for NGC 1182.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1205 = LM 1-87 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and logged "mag 14.0, 0.7'x0.3', E 25°, *9.5 in PA 240° at 3.0' dist."  There is nothing at his position but 2 min of RA west is PGC 11511 and Stone's description applies (except his PA should read 125°).  This was Stone's second observation of this galaxy.  His position for I-84 = NGC 1182 was 1.0 min of west too far west, but the descriptions are virtually the same.  Herbert Howe examined the field in 1899-00 and report "having examined the locality very carefully on two fine nights I judge the objects to be identical."  Based on this this observation, Dreyer states in the IC 2 Notes that "1205 is equal to 1182".  Either number could be the primary designation as the earlier observation is not known.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1206 = PGC 11644

03 06 09.7 -08 50 00; Eri

V = 14.9;  Size 0.5'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

18" (1/1/08): extremely faint, very small, round, 15" diameter.  Visible ~80% of the time using averted vision as a very low surface brightness knot with no structure.  Located 6.5' N of a mag 10.5 star.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1206 = LM 2-355 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and logged "mag 15.6, 0.2' dia, vlE 180°."  His position matches PGC 11644, though Bigourdan was unable to recover this galaxy.  The RNGC misidentifies a plate flaw as NGC 1206!

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NGC 1207 = UGC 2548 = MCG +06-07-043 = CGCG 524-055 = LGG 087-001 = PGC 11737

03 08 15.5 +38 22 56; Per

V = 12.6;  Size 2.3'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 123°

 

24" (2/7/16): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 3:2 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.4'.  A mag 14.5-15 star is superimposed on the northwest side.  CGCG 524-054 lies 5.7' W and was noted as fairly faint, small, round, 12"-15" diameter, slightly brighter nucleus.  A mag 12 star is 1' NNW.  NGC 1207 is situated in a rich star field with mag 8.6 SAO 56192 5.7' ESE.

 

17.5" (1/1/92): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, broadly concentrated halo.  A mag 15 star is attached at northwest end.  NGC 1213 lies 20' NE.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1207 = H. III-578 = h284 on 18 Oct 1786 (sweep 618) and noted "vF, vS."  In Oct 1828 (sweep 188) John Herschel wrote, "F; vS; R; pretty suddenly brighter middle; 12" diameter."  The superimposed star was mentioned at Birr Castle: "I am not sure whether it is a star or a nucleus in the north-preceding end."

 

According to Gary Kronk, Lewis Swift discovered it again in October 1884, though didn't publish it in one of his twelve lists.

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NGC 1208 = MCG -02-08-047 = PGC 11647

03 06 11.9 -09 32 27; Eri

V = 12.6;  Size 1.9'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 75°

 

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; fairly bright, fairly large, oval 2:1 WSW-ENE, contains a very bright elongated core and fainter halo, ~1.1'x0.5'.  LEDA 989667, located 5.8' W, appeared faint (B ~15.8), small, elongated ~3:2, ~25"x18", fairly low surface brightness, slightly brighter core region, indefinite shape.

 

17.5" (10/20/90): fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 E-W, broadly concentrated halo, much fainter extensions.  First and brightest in a group with NGC 1214 = HCG 23A 11' E.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1208 = H. II-285 = h285 = h2507 on 10 Jan 1785 (sweep 355) and logged "pF, S, lE, south of a pB triangle, about 1/2' in length." On 15 Dec 1786 (sweep 650) he recorded "F, S, little brighter middle, E not far from the parallel; a little from sp to nf."  John Herschel observed this galaxy both at Slough, England and at the Cape of Good Hope and 7 observations were made at Birr Castle.

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NGC 1209 = MCG -03-08-073 = LGG 081-003 = PGC 11638

03 06 03.0 -15 36 41; Eri

V = 11.5;  Size 2.4'x1.1';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 85°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): moderately bright, fairly small,, elongated 2:1 E-W, 1.4'x0.7'.  Increases to a bright, rounder core and stellar nucleus.  NGC 1231 lies 6.8' NE.

 

NGC 1209 is the brightest in a group (LGG 81), along with NGC 1199, that includes NGCs 1145, 1163, 1188, 1189, 1190 and IC 276.  NGC 1209 is located 40' following HCG 22, whose brightest member is NGC 1199.

 

13.1" (1/18/85): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated ~E-W, very small bright core.  Appears slightly fainter than NGC 1199 40' W.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1209 = H. II-504 = h286 on 30 Dec 1785 (sweep 499) and logged "pB, S, lE, mbM.  The brightness also extended. " John Herscel reported on 15 Oct 1830 (sweep 307), "vB; E; pretty suddenly brighter middle; 30" l; 20" br."

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NGC 1210 = ESO 480-031 = MCG -04-08-024 = PGC 11666

03 06 45.3 -25 42 59; For

V = 12.6;  Size 2.0'x1.8';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 121°

 

17.5" (12/28/00): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 1.0' diameter, weak but even concentration to a brighter core.  A mag 13 star lies 1.1' NNW of center.  Located 40' NE of NGC 1201.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1210 = LM 1-88 on 13 Nov 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory and reported "mag 15.0, vS, irregularly round, E 340°?, gradually brighter middle to a nucleus".  There is nothing at his rough RA (nearest minute) and the Knox-Shaw reported it was "Not shown" on a photograph taken at the Helwan observatory in 1921-22.  But 1 minute of time east is ESO 480-031 = PGC 11666 and this galaxy is identified as NGC 1210 in the RNGC and PGC. MCG lists the NGC designation as uncertain.

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NGC 1211 = UGC 2545 = MCG +00-08-093 = CGCG 389-081 = PGC 11670

03 06 52.4 -00 47 40; Cet

V = 12.5;  Size 2.1'x1.8';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 30°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): moderately bright, fairly small, very faint outer halo, sharp concentration, round.  Two mag 13 stars lie 2.1' ESE and 2.2' ENE oriented N-S with a separation of 1.1'.

 

Truman Safford  discovered NGC 1211 = Sf. 102 on 31 Oct 1867 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at the Dearborn Observatory.  Édouard Stephan made an observation on 29 Nov 1875 (perhaps aware of Safford's discovery?).  He listed it as new in his 11th list (#8) with an accurate position from on 27 Nov 1880.  Stephan was credited with the discovery in the NGC, as Safford's discovery wasn't published until 1887, too late to be included in the NGC.

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NGC 1212 = IC 1883 = UGC 2560 = PGC 11815

03 09 42.2 +40 53 35; Per

V = 14.5;  Size 0.9'x0.5';  PA = 22°

 

24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, 20"x15", faint stellar nucleus.  Located 18' ESE of Algol and 2.7' SW of a mag 8.7 star within AGC 426.  IC 290 lies 4.8' N.

 

18" (11/22/03): faint, small, round, 25" diameter, even surface brightness.  Forms the SW vertex of an equilateral triangle with mag 8.7 SAO 38614 2.7' NE and a mag 11.7 star 2.2' E.  Located just 18' ESE of Algol at the western edge of AGC 426!

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1212 = Sw. 1-5 on 18 Oct 1884 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory and recorded "S; R; vvF.  Right angled with 2 stars.  In field with Algol".  Swift's position is poor, 40 seconds of RA west of UGC 2560, but his description of the two stars applies to this galaxy.  E.E. Barnard independently found NGC 1212 on 26 Nov 1888 with the 12-inch refractor at Lick and comunicated the discovery directly to Dreyer.  Barnard and Dreyer assumed this was a new object, probably due to Swift's poor position, and it was recataloged as IC 1883.  So, NGC 1212 = IC 1883, with discovery priority to Swift.

 

RNGC and PGC (as well as secondary sources such as Megastar) misidentify PGC 11761, an extremely faint galaxy just 8' SE of Algol, as NGC 1212.  This galaxy is not only too faint to have been seen by Swift, it is nearly lost in the glare of Algol.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1213 = IC 1881 = UGC 2557 = MCG +06-07-045 = CGCG 524-058 = PGC 11789

03 09 17.3 +38 38 59; Per

V = 14.5;  Size 1.8'x1.4';  Surf Br = 15.4;  PA = 60°

 

24" (2/7/16): faint or fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~SW-NE, 24"x18", low surface brightness, fades into background.  The image is confused as there are two very faint stars involved as well as two additional stars off the north side.  Located in a rich star field 50' ESE of mag 3.4 Rho Per.  NGC 1207 is 20' SW.

 

17.5" (1/1/92): extremely faint, fairly small, slightly elongated.  This galaxy has an extremely low surface brightness with a very ill-defined outline!  Several faint stars are near or involved including a mag 14 star close off the SW edge and a pair of mag 15.5 stars at the north end.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1213 = Sw. 1-6 on 14 Oct 1884 with his 16" refractor and recorded "vvF; lE; v diff; F* close north."  His position is 0.4 min of RA west of UGC 2557 and his description fits (there are faint stars close north and south).  Bigourdan (B. 253) found this galaxy again on 10 Jan 1891 (he misidentified a star as NGC 1213) and assumed it was new.  His position for B. 253 (later IC 1881) is accurate. So, NGC 1213 = IC 1881.

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NGC 1214 = HCG 23A = MCG -02-08-051 = Holm 66a = PGC 11675

03 06 55.9 -09 32 38; Eri

V = 14.0;  Size 1.3'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 40°

 

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, fairly high surface brightness edge-on 4:1 SW-NE, 1.1'x0.3', small bright core.  In a small group (HCG 23) with NGC 1215 is 4.5' SE and NGC 1216 7' SE.

 

48" (10/30/16): at 375x and 488x; bright, fairly large, very elongated 7:2 SW-NE, ~1.2'x0.35', sharply concentrated with a very bright core that increases to a stellar nucleus.  Brightest in the HCG 23 quintet with NGC 1215 4' SE.  A mag 11 star is 2.7' due north.  The seeing and transparency was subpar during the observation of the group.

 

17.5" (10/20/90): faint, very small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, small bright core, stellar nucleus.  A mag 11 star is 2.7' N.  FIrst of four in the field with NGC 1215 4' SE and NGC 1208 11' W.  Brightest in HCG 23.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1214 = LM 1-94 = Sw. 5-49, along with NGC 1215 and 1216, in 1886 using the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  Stone reported, "mag 14.0, 0.7'x0.2', E 60°."  He added a note, "48 seconds f[ollowing] G.C. 647 [NGC 1208] same declination, stellar N[ucleus] in cen of vF neb; 1st of 3 [with NGC 1215 and 1216]; *10, P 15° Delta [separation] 3'."  His rough position (nearest min of RA) is essentially correct.

 

Lewis Swift also found this galaxy on 21 Oct 1886.  He described it as "F; pS; iR; 647 [= NGC 1208] nr; 1st of 2 [with NGC 1215]."  Frank Muller suggested the equivalence with Stone's object in a Sidereal Messenger article (Feb 1887) that listed nebulae from Swift's 5th catalogue which had been discovered previously.  As the Leander McCormick discovery list was submitted to the Astronomical Journal on 12 Oct 1886, the discovery credit goes to Stone.

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NGC 1215 = HCG 23B = MCG -02-08-055 = Holm 66b = PGC 11687

03 07 09.4 -09 35 32; Eri

V = 14.1;  Size 1.5'x1.1';  Surf Br = 14.5;  PA = 15°

 

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, ~0.8'x0.6', small brighter core region that brightens towards the center.  low surface brightness halo.  Sandwiched between edge-ons NGC 1214 4.5' NW and NGC 1216 2.5' ESE.

 

48" (10/30/16): at 375x and 488x; fairly bright, fairly large, sharply concentrated with a very bright elongated core SSW-NNE that increases to a stellar nucleus. Surrounded by a fairly large, low surface brightness oval halo ~1.2'x0.9'.  Forms a close pair with MCG -02-08-054 = HCG 23E just under 1' NNE.  It appeared faint or fairly faint, small, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, ~20"x8".

 

17.5" (10/20/90): faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, well defined small bright core, faint extensions.  Member of the NGC 1208 group and HCG 23 with NGC 1214 4' NW and NGC 1216 2' SE.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1215 = LM 1-95 = Sw. 5-50, along with NGC 1214 and 1216, in 1886 using the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  Stone reported, "mag 15.5, 0.4', dif."  He added the note, "2nd of 3 [with NGC 1214 and 1216]."  His declination is 2' too far south, incorrectly placing NGC 1215 1' south of NGC 1216, instead of 1' N.

 

Lewis Swift also found this galaxy on 21 Oct 1886.  He described it as "eF; vS; R; 647 [= NGC 1208] nr; 2nd of 2 [with NGC 1214]."  Frank Muller noted the prior discovery in a Sidereal Messenger article (Feb 1887), though he assumed Swift found NGC 1216.  The Leander McCormick discovery list was submitted to the Astronomical Journal on 12 Oct 1886, so Stone made the earlier discovery.

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NGC 1216 = HCG 23C = MCG -02-08-056 = PGC 11693

03 07 18.4 -09 36 44; Eri

V = 14.8;  Size 0.8'x0.2';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 65°

 

24" (12/6/18): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, 4:1 or 5:1 WSW-ENE, ~36"x8", surprisingly high surface brightness.  The listed V magnitude of 14.8 seems too faint based on its appearance.  Similar in surface brightness to NGC 1214.

 

48" (10/30/16): at 375x and 488x; fairly bright, fairly small, edge-on 5:1 WSW-ENE, ~40"x8", well concentrated with a very bright, high surface brightness core that increases to a stellar nucleus.  The extensions are quite thin.  NGC 1215 lies 2.5' NW.

 

17.5" (10/20/90): very faint, extremely small, stellar nucleus or faint star superimposed, extremely faint and very small extensions SW-NE.  Member of HCG 23 with NGC 1215 2' NW.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1216 = LM 1-96 in 1886, along with NGC 1214 and 1215, with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  He recorded "mag 14.5, 0.2' dia, stellar ncl, 3rd of 3" and the rough position matches MCG -02-08-056 = PGC 11693.  This galaxy was missed by Lewis Swift, though he found nearby NGC 1214 and 1215.

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NGC 1217 = ESO 300-010 = MCG -07-07-003 = PGC 11641

03 06 06.0 -39 02 11; For

V = 12.4;  Size 1.8'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 50°

 

18" (1/17/09): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 45" diameter, sharply concentrated with a small brighter core and much fainter halo.  A 24" pair of mag 9/12 stars located 7' SE is lined up with the galaxy.  A mag 13 star lies 1.5' N.  A faint companion galaxy 0.9' N (MCG -07-07-004) was not seen, probably because of the low elevation.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1217 = h2508 on 23 Oct 1835 and logged "not vF; R; pretty suddenly little brighter middle; 20". Has a *11m 2' N.  His position (h2508) and description is accurate (the star is 1.6' N).

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NGC 1218 = UGC 2555 = MCG +01-09-001 = CGCG 416-002 = 3C 78 = PGC 11749

03 08 26.3 +04 06 38; Cet

V = 12.7;  Size 1.3'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 155°

 

13.1" (11/29/86): faint, small, round, bright core.  Located 92' E of Alpha Ceti.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1218 = Sw. 4-12 on 6 Sep 1886 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory.  His position is 1.4' too far west.  Hermann Kobold measured an accurate position in 1896 at Strasbourg (published in 1907).

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NGC 1219 = UGC 2556 = MCG +00-09-006 = CGCG 390-006 = PGC 11752

03 08 28.0 +02 06 30; Cet

V = 13.0;  Size 1.2'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

17.5" (10/24/87): moderately bright, moderately large, almost round, weak concentration.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1219 = m 87 on 9 Sep 1864 with Lassell's 48". He recorded an accurate position and description "F, pL, R."

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NGC 1220 = Cr 37 = OCL-380 = Lund 100

03 11 41 +53 20 54; Per

Size 2'

 

17.5" (12/28/94): very compact group of about a dozen faint stars mag 13.5-15 in a small 1.5' wedge-shaped clump.  There is a very tight string of three strings at the NE end and the brightest mag 13 star is at the south end.  Does not appear fully resolved due to density and background haze.  This is a young cluster(60 million years old) at a distance of ~5900 light years in the Perseus Arm.

 

8" (11/28/81) : faint open cluster, small, six faint stars are visible over unresolved haze.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1220 = h287 on 28 Nov 1831 (sweep 386), recording "a vS, close-packed group of 8 or 10 stars 14...15 mag in a space of 30" diam, so as easily to be taken for a pB nebula."  His position and description matches this cluster.

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NGC 1221 = MCG -01-09-002 = PGC 11739

03 08 15.5 -04 15 35; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 1.4'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 160°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): very faint, very small, round.  A mag 13 star is 1.2' SE.  FIrst of three with NGC 1223 8' NNE and NGC 1225 15' NE.  Also IC 1886 lies 10' SSW.  All four galaxies are visible in a 35' field.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1221 = LM 2-356 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.5, 0.2'x0.1', E 170°, * in PA 175° (south)."  His position is 20 sec of RA east of MCG -01-09-002 = PGC 11739 and his PA estimate matches.  Howe's corrected position in the IC 2 Notes is accurate.  Bigourdan listed this galaxy as #255, measured an accurate position, and noted "could be NGC 1221 with an error of 20 sec in RA."  MCG gives the NGC designation as uncertain.

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NGC 1222 = MCG -01-09-005 = Mrk 603 = LGG 085-005 = PGC 11774

03 08 56.9 -02 57 18; Eri

V = 12.5;  Size 1.1'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.3;  PA = 170°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): fairly faint, fairly small, round, very small bright core, stellar nucleus.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1222 = St. 13-23 on 30 Nov 1883.  His published position (list 13, #23) was reduced a few days later (5 Dec 1883).

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NGC 1223 = MCG -01-09-003 = PGC 11742

03 08 19.9 -04 08 18; Eri

V = 14.0;  Size 1.1'x1.1';  Surf Br = 14.1

 

17.5" (1/7/89): second and brightest of a trio with NGC 1221 8' SSW and NGC 1225 7' E.  Faint, small, round, bright core.  The identifications of NGC 1223 and NGC 1225 are reversed in the RNGC and U2000.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1223 = LM 2-357 (along with NGC 1225 = II-358) in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory in 1886, recording "mag 15.0, 0.3' dia, R, gradually brighter middle to a nucleus".  His position is 45 sec of RA following MCG -01-09-003 = PGC 11742 and the description applies.  Bigourdan listed this galaxy as #256, measured an accurate position, and noted "could be NGC 1223 with an error of 40 sec in RA."  MCG does not label this galaxy as NGC 1223.  RNGC reversed the identifications of NGC 1223 and NGC 1225 and because of this mistake they were switched in the first edition of the Uranometria 2000.0 Atlas.

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NGC 1224 = UGC 2578 = MCG +07-07-034 = CGCG 540-055 = LGG 088-002 = PGC 11886

03 11 13.6 +41 21 49; Per

V = 13.5;  Size 1.4'x1.2';  Surf Br = 14.1

 

24" (12/20/17): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 20" diameter (central region of galaxy), gradually increases to a stellar peak.  A mag 13.5 pair [~12" separation?] is just 1.5' ENE. A mag 9.8 star lies 2.2' SSW and a mag 10.4 star is 3.0' NNW.  Located 42' NW of Algol in AGC 426.

 

IC 293, situated 14' SSW of NGC 1224, appeared faint, small, round, 20" diameter, broad and weak concentration.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): very faint, very small, round, small brighter core.  Member of AGC 426.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1224 = Sw. 2-28 on 20 Aug 1885 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position matches UGC 2578, located just 42' SE of Algol. Swift made specific searches around bright stars assuming others might have missed nebulae hiding in the glare of these stars.

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NGC 1225 = MCG -01-09-004 = PGC 11766

03 08 47.2 -04 06 05; Eri

V = 14.4;  Size 1.1'x0.8';  Surf Br = 14.1

 

17.5" (1/7/89): third of three with NGC 1221 and NGC 1223.  Very faint, very small, round, small bright core.  Located 7' E of NGC 1223.  The identifications of NGC 1223 and NGC 1225 are reversed in the RNGC.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1225 = LM 2-358 (along with NGC 1223 = II-357) in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory, recording "mag 15.5, 0.2' dia, R".  His position is 30 sec of RA following MCG -01-09-004 = PGC 11766.  Bigourdan listed this galaxy as #257, measured an accurate position, and noted "could be NGC 1225 with an error of 30 sec in RA."  MCG mislabels -01-09-004 as NGC 1223.  RNGC reversed the identifications of NGC 1223 and NGC 1225 and because of this mistake they were switched in the first edition of the Uranometria 2000.0 Atlas.

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NGC 1226 = UGC 2575 = MCG +06-08-001 = CGCG 524-061 = PGC 11879

03 11 05.4 +35 23 12; Per

V = 12.9;  Size 2.1'x1.9';  Surf Br = 14.3;  PA = 95°

 

24" (2/5/21): at 260x; moderately bright, round, 45" diameter, small bright core.  Brightest of a trio with NGC 1227 4' S and UGC 2579 6' NE.

 

UGC 2579 appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 30" length, broad concentration with a slightly brighter core.

 

17.5" (1/1/92): fairly faint, fairly small, round, bright core.  Forms a pair with NGC 1227 4' SSE.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1226 = St. 10-16, along with NGC 1227, on 29 Nov 1875.  His published position (list 10, #16) was made 4 years later on 6 Dec 1879. The original discovery was apparently made by Heinrich d'Arrest on 17 Sep 1865, but due to a transcription error his position was 1-hour of RA too small and falls on a blank piece of sky.  See NGC 832.

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NGC 1227 = UGC 2577 = CGCG 524-062 = CGCG 525-003 = PGC 11880

03 11 07.8 +35 19 29; Per

V = 14.2;  Size 1.0'x0.9';  Surf Br = 14.0

 

24" (2/5/21): at 260x; faint, small, round, 24" diameter, very small brighter nucleus (possibly a stellar peak).  Forms the vertex of an isosceles triangle with two mag 10 stars 4.5' WSW and 4.5' SE.  Fainter of pair with NGC 1226 4' N.

 

17.5" (1/1/92): very faint, very small, round.  Forms a pair with NGC 1226 4' NNW.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1227 = St. 10-17, along with NGC 1227, on 29 Nov 1875.  His single position on that date matched NGC 1226, though he noted there were two nebulae.  His published position (list 10, #17) was made on 10 Jan 1880.

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NGC 1228 = Arp 332 NED3 = VV 337a = ESO 480-032 = MCG -04-08-026 = UGCA 54 = PGC 11735

03 08 11.7 -22 55 23; Eri

V = 13.2;  Size 1.5'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 78°

 

17.5" (11/10/96): faint, small, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 0.8'x0.6'.  A mag 13 star is 50" S.  In a group with NGC 1229 2.2' S.  NGC 1230 lies 3.8' SSE, and IC 1892 8.6' SSE.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1228 = LM 2-359 (along with NGC 1229 = II-360) in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory, recording "mag 15.5, 0.1', R, gradually brighter in the middle, 1st of 2".  There is nothing at his position, but 1 min of time west is ESO 480-032 = PGC 11735.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1229 = Arp 332 NED1 = VV 337b = UGCA 53 = ESO 480-033 = MCG -04-08-025 = PGC 11734

03 08 11.0 -22 57 37; Eri

V = 14.0;  Size 1.4'x0.9';  Surf Br = 14.1;  PA = 81°

 

17.5" (11/10/96): very faint, very small, round, 0.4' diameter.  Located 2.2' S of brighter NGC 1228 in a group with NGC 1230 1.9' SE and IC 1892.  A mag 13.5 star lies 1.4' N on a line to NGC 1228.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1229 = LM 2-359, along with NGC 1228 = II-359, in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory, recording "mag 16.0, 0.1', R, gradually brighter in the middle, 2nd of 2".  There is nothing at his position, but 1 min of RA west is ESO 480-033 = PGC 11734.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).  He also mentioned that NGC 1229 precedes 1228 a little.

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NGC 1230 = Arp 332 NED2 = ESO 480-034 = MCG -04-08-027 = PGC 11743

03 08 16.4 -22 59 03; Eri

V = 14.4;  Size 0.6'x0.2';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 109°

 

17.5" (11/10/96): faintest in a group with NGC 1228, NGC 1229 and IC 1892.  Only glimpsed momentarily using Vicker's CCD Atlas.  Appears extremely faint and small, 10" diameter with possible extensions to 20".  Located 3.8' SSE of NGC 1228 and 1.9' SE of NGC 1230.  IC 1892 lies 5' further SE.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1230 = LM 2-361, along with NGC 1228 and NGC 1229, in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  Leavenworth made no estimate of size or brightness, only the comment "*??".  There is nothing at his position, but 1 min of RA west and 2' N is ESO 480-033 = PGC 11734.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1231 = MCG -03-08-074 = PGC 11658

03 06 29.3 -15 34 09; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 0.8'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.6

 

17.5" (1/12/02): extremely faint, very small, round, 0.4' diameter.  A mag 15 star is just off the SSW edge of the halo, 30" from the center.  Located 6.8' NE of NGC 1209.  Due to a poor position by Leavenworth, this galaxy is classified as nonexistent in the RNGC.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1231 = LM 1-97 on 2 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory, recording "mag 16.0, pL, E like a fan."  There is nothing at his rough position (given to an nearest min of RA and arcmin of Dec).  But exactly 4 min of RA west is MCG -03-08-074 = PGC 11658.  MCG doesn't label this galaxy as NGC 1231.  RNGC classifies the number as nonexistent.  Assuming NGC 1231 = PGC 11658, I'm a little surprised Leavenworth didn't mention NGC 1209, just 6' SW, but I don't think this is a duplicate observation of NGC 1209 as it is much too bright to be called mag 16.0.

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NGC 1232 = Arp 41W = ESO 547-0141 = MCG -04-08-032 = PGC 11819

03 09 45.1 -20 34 46; Eri

V = 9.9;  Size 7.4'x6.5';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 108°

 

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): NGC 1232 is a face-on multi-arm knotty Sc-type.  At 303x it appeared very bright, very large, roundish, at least 6' diameter.  It was sharply concentrated with a very bright, elongated core that contained a brighter central bar-like nuclear region.  Spiral structure was evident in the large halo, but more subtle than I expected as several segments were disconnected.  The most prominent was a knotty arm on the north side.  It emerged near the northwest end of the core and shot linearly (2' length) towards the northeast in the direction of a mag 14 star 2.5' NE of center.

 

Another spiral arm extended east and west perhaps 1.5' length, just south of the central region.  The arm faded out at its west end but after a short break, a very faint elongated knot, ~14"x8", was visible 1.7' WSW of center.  NED includes multiple designations NGC 1232:[HK83] 442, [HK83] 445, [HK83] 450 and more from Hodge and Kennicutt's 1983 "Atlas of HII regions in 125 galaxies".  The arm dimmed again but could just be traced shooting straight N-S in the northwest end of the halo.  Another short, linear segment of a arm (containing [HK83] 110) was just visible close east of the core, 1.1' ENE of center.

 

NGC 1232A (the subject of a long-standing redshift controversy) was visible 4.1' ESE of center, just beyond the east edge of the galaxy.  It appeared very faint, small, round, ~20" diameter

 

17.5" (10/8/88): bright, large, slightly elongated, bright core, very large faint halo.  Located 8' WSW of mag 8.6 SAO 168347.

 

13.1" (1/18/85): large, large bright core, substellar nucleus, very diffuse outer halo.  An arm is suspected attached at the west end and winding towards the east on the north side of the core.

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, diffuse, low surface brightness.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1232 = H. II-258 = h2509 on 20 Oct 1784 (sweep 303).  He recored "extremely faint, little brighter middle, 7 or 8' dia."  On 19 Dec 1799 (sweep 1091) he logged "faint, considerably large, bright middle, irregular figure, 5 or 6' diam.  The nebulosity is unequal, seeming to be two or three clouds, or nebulosities joined together."

 

John Herschel made 3 observations from South Africa.  His most detailed observation from 13 Nov 1835 (sweep 642) reads: "B; vL; R; resolvable; 3' (dia), first very grad then pretty suddenly brighter in the middle.  With the left eye I see it mottled. (N.B. This is no doubt a distant globular cluster)."

 

Based on a photograph taken at the Helwan observatory in 1921-22, NGC 1232 was described as "pB, 7'x7', open spiral, B stellar nucleus, many branches with almost stellar condensations."  NGC 1232B = PGC 11834, near the end of one of the spiral arms, was assumed to be interacting with NGC 1232, but its redshift places it four times the distance.  Due to the apparent discordan redshift, NGC 1232/1232A was used by Arp to argue against redshift-based distances.

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NGC 1233 = UGC 2586 = MCG +06-08-003 = CGCG 525-006 = PGC 11955

03 12 33.1 +39 19 07; Per

V = 13.2;  Size 1.8'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 27°

 

17.5" (12/23/92): fairly faint, very elongated 3:1 NNW-NNE, 1.2'x0.4', broadly concentrated, faint extensions.  A mag 13.5 star is off the NE end.  Member of AGC 426 (south of main stream).

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1233 = St. 3-20 on 10 Nov 1871.  His rough position was 7' too far ESE.  His published micrometric position (list 3, #20) was made a 1 month later on 10 Dec 1871.  He followed up with another observation on 30 Nov 1877.

 

Harold Corwin suggests that Swift's V-51 = NGC 1235 might be a duplicate observation with a 24' error in declination.

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NGC 1234 = MCG -01-09-011 = PGC 11813

03 09 39.2 -07 50 47; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 1.8'x0.9';  Surf Br = 14.6;  PA = 141°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): extremely faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter, low even surface brightness.  Requires averted vision but once identified I could almost hold it continuously with concentration.  Based on the galaxy's size and elongation, I probably viewed the brighter core only.  Located 4' SW of mag 9.5 SAO 130313.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1234 = LM 2-362 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory, recording "mag 16.2, 0.6' dia, irregularly round, 1 or eF stars inv, *9m precedes 30 sec."  There is nothing at his position but 40 sec of RA due west is MCG -01-09-011 = PGC 11813.  The star to the west is preceding by 22", though it's odd he didn't mention a brighter star to the NE.

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NGC 1235

03 12 48 +38 56; Per

 

= ***, JS. =NGC 1233?, HC

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1235 = Sw. 5-51 on 21 Oct 1886 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory.  There are no galaxies near his position.  The RNGC identifies NGC 1235 as a triple star, situated about 1.5' N of Swift's position.  But these stars appear too bright and too easily resolved to be confused with a faint nebulous object by Swift.  Harold Corwin suggests that NGC 1235 may be a duplicate of NGC 1233, which is located due north.  If this identification is correct, Swift made a 24' error in declination (too far south).  Except for NGC 58, the other dozen discoveries by Swift on that night have no significant errors, so this identification is very uncertain.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1236 = CGCG 441-003 = PGC 11898

03 11 28.0 +10 48 30; Ari

V = 14.7;  Size 0.5'x0.3';  PA = 30°

 

18" (12/10/07): very faint, small, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, 0.4'x0.2', low surface brightness, no concentration in fairly poor seeing.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1236 = m 88 on 5 Oct 1864 with Lassell's 48" reflector on Malta, recording "eF, vS, R".  His position is just off the south side of CGCG 441-003 = PGC 11898.

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NGC 1237

03 10 08.9 -08 41 32; Eri

V = 14.5/14.5;  Size 13"

 

24" (12/28/13): this 13" pair of evenly matched mag 14-15 stars was easily resolved at 225x.  Located 21' NW of the NGC 1241/1242 pair (Arp 304).

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1237 = LM 2-363 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory, reporting "mag 13.0, 0.4' diameter, E 170°, double star?"  Dreyer included the description as a possible double star and Corwin confirms it *is* a double star 36 tsec west and 1' south of Muller's position.  The separation is 14" with a PA 152°.

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NGC 1238 = MCG -02-09-010 = Holm 67a = PGC 11868

03 10 52.7 -10 44 53; Eri

V = 12.4;  Size 1.5'x1.1';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 110°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): fairly faint, small, round, very small bright core.  Contains a faint stellar nucleus or possibly a faint star is superimposed.  Forms the west vertex of an obtuse isosceles triangle with a mag 13 star 2.4' SE and a mag 14 star 2.3' NNE of center.  IC 1897, just 3.3' SW, appeared faint, small, round, weak concentration.  A mag 13 star is 1.5' S.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1238 = Sw. 5-52 on 1 Nov 1886 with his 16" refractor, recording "vF; pS; R; sp of [NGC 1247].  His RA as 9 seconds too large east.  Jermain Porter measured an accurate micrometric position in 1906 at the Cincinnati Observatory.

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NGC 1239 = MCG -01-09-012 = PGC 11869

03 10 53.7 -02 33 11; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 1.1'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 70°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): faint, very small, round, weak concentration.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1239 = H. III-262 = h288 on 6 Jan 1785 (sweep 351) and recorded "Suspected, stellar, 240x verified it with difficulty."  WH's position was poor but John Herschel was only able to correct the declination, as the nebula was "scarcely seen through thick haze" (sweep 96). So, the listed RA is roughly 30 sec too far east in the NGC.  Still there are no other nearby candidates and the identification NGC 1239 = PGC 11869 is not in question.

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NGC 1240

03 13 26.7 +30 30 26; Ari

 

= **, Corwin.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1240 = H. III-164 on 12 Sep 1784 (sweep 268).  He described it as "suspected, 240 left a doubt; extremely faint and very small, most probably two close stars; between two stars."  There is nothing near his position and Bigourdan was unsuccessful (twice) in trying to recover this object.  Karl Reinmuth, in his 1926 survey based on Heidelberg plates, notes "*13.5 in Dreyer's place".  Harold Corwin suggests NGC 1240 is a double star (11" separation) about 8' SE of Herschel's position.  This pair is also on a line between two other stars so matches Herschel's position.

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NGC 1241 = Arp 304 NED1 = VV 334a = MCG -02-09-011 = Holm 68a = PGC 11887

03 11 14.7 -08 55 20; Eri

V = 12.0;  Size 2.8'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 145°

 

24" (12/28/13): fairly bright, moderately large, oval 2:1 NW-SE, 2'x1', contains a large bright core that increases towards the center.  There was a hint of arm structure in the outer halo.  Forms a pair with NGC 1242 1.7' NE with both galaxies just south of a mag 9.3 star.

 

13.1" (12/7/85): moderately bright, round, bright core surrounded by a diffuse halo.  Forms a close pair with fainter NGC 1242 1.6' NE.  Located 3.0' due south of mag 9.0 SAO 130329.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1241 = H. II-286 = h289 = h2510 on 10 Jan 1785 (sweep 355) and recorded "faint, pretty large, round, little brighter middle, south of a small star."  He made a second observation on 15 Dec 1786 (sweep 650) and also discovered NGC 1242 (see that number).  Perhaps the extra light provided by the front view (no secondary) made the difference.

 

John Herschel observed NGC 1241 at Slough, England, calling it "extremely faint" and "pretty bright" on two sweeps.  He made a later observation at the Cape of Good Hope and logged "faint, pretty much extended, 50", the preceding of two [with NGC 243]."

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NGC 1242 = Arp 304 NED2 = VV 334b = Holm 68c = MCG -02-09-012 = PGC 11892

03 11 19.2 -08 54 07; Eri

V = 13.7;  Size 1.2'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 130°

 

24" (12/28/13): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, ~35"x21", weak concentration.  Forms a pair (Arp 304 = VV 334) with brighter NGC 1241 1.7' SE.  A bright mag 9.3 star lies 2' NW.

 

13.1" (12/7/85): very faint, small, round, small bright core, stellar nucleus, can hold with averted vision.  Forms a close pair with much brighter NGC 1241 1.6' SW.  Located 2.1' SE of mag 9.0 SAO 130329.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1242 = H. III-591 on 15 Dec 1786 (sweep 650) and recorded "Two [along with NGC 1241], that of which the place is taken [NGC 1241] is F, pL, very gradually very much brighter in the middle, R.  The other [NGC 1242] is about 1' nf, eF, stellar.  A 3rd suspected sf the 1st, still fainter than the 2nd; the I did not see it well enough to verify it, and it may be a deception."

 

On 7 Dec 1850, Lord Rosse assistant Bindon Stoney assumed it was a new discovery (labeled as "Beta" in his sketch).  Dreyer later noticed the equivalence with III-591 when he examined the field on 6 Nov 1877 as the observing assistant at Birr Castle.

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NGC 1243 = Holm 68b

03 11 25.4 -08 56 43; Eri

 

= **, Corwin.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1243 = h291 = h2511 on 6 Jan 1831 (sweep 315).  From Slough he recorded "eF, vS" and from the Cape "eF; R; the following of two; pos from the other [NGC 1241] = 120° (ESE)".  At his position a faint double star and the position angle matches. Interestingly Herschel never observed NGC 1242, which is close NE of NGC 1241.  At Birr Castle, NGC 1241 was observed several times and assumed to be a "nova", but on 6 Nov 1877 Dreyer (the observing assistant at the time) claimed he saw all three objects in the field.  His micrometric offset for h291 = h2511, points exactly to this double star again!  See Corwin's notes for the complete story.

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NGC 1244 = ESO 082-008 = PGC 11659

03 06 31.2 -66 46 33; Hor

V = 13.1;  Size 1.9'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 2°

 

24" (4/5/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x appeared as a moderately bright, fairly large edge-on N-S, ~2.0'x0.4'.  Exhibits only a broad, weak concentration to a slightly brighter core.  Forms a 10' pair with NGC 1246 to the SSE.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1244 = h2512 on 2 Nov 1834 and recorded "pF, lE, gradually brighter in the middle, 25 arcseconds."  His position (from 2 sweeps) is accurate.  He questioned if this object was the same as Dunlop's 205, but Dunlop's description ("a very faint small nebula, north following, a pretty bright small star; a very minute star is between the bright star and the nebula") does not seem to match.

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NGC 1245 = Cr 38 = Mel 18 = OCL-389

03 14 41 +47 14 18; Per

V = 8.4;  Size 10'

 

17.5" (12/7/90): about 100 stars at 220x in 10' diameter.  Rich in mag 13.5-14 stars and includes four mag 12 stars along the west side.  Roughly circular outline and uniform but no concentration to the center, many stars are arranged in lanes.  A mag 8.5 star is off the south edge and a mag 9 star is about 5' off the ENE edge.

 

13.1" (1/28/84): about 75 stars in a dense cluster.  Includes bright stars on the north side.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1245 = H. VI-25 = h290 on 11 Dec 1786 (sweep 645).  He recorded "a beautiful very compressed and rich cluster of small stars, about 8' or 9' diameter, irr R."  He was observed just 5° from the zenith at the latitude of Slough.  On 30 Nov 1787 (sweep 786) he added "The large stars arranged in lines, like interwoven letters."

 

John Herschel observed the cluster on 31 Dec 1831 (sweep 390): "rich, L, cl not very comp; irreg R with stragglers; stars 12...15m; brightest part 5' diam".

 

On 23 Nov 1848, George Johnstone Stoney (Lord Rosse's assistant) wrote, "Coarse, cl. strongly honey-combed.  Would probably look annular with eccentric eyehole if it were far enough to be a nebula."

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NGC 1246 = ESO 082-009 = PGC 11680

03 07 02.0 -66 56 19; Hor

V = 12.9;  Size 1.3'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 40°

 

24" (4/5/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): moderately bright and large oval 3:2 SW-NE, ~1.2'x0.8'.  Contains a large bright core that increases to a faint, stellar nucleus with a much fainter outer halo.  Located 10' SSE of NGC 1244.  Three mag 10-11 stars lie midway between NGC 1246 and NGC 1244.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1246 = h2513 on 2 Nov 1834 and noted "pF, R, gradually little brighter middle, 15 arcseconds."  His position is accurate (2 observations).

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NGC 1247 = MCG -02-09-014 = UGCA 58 = FGC 396 = PGC 11931

03 12 14.3 -10 28 50; Eri

V = 12.5;  Size 3.4'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 69°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): moderately bright edge-on 5:1 WSW-ENE, 2.4'x0.5', weak concentration.  A mag 14.5 "star" 2.5' SE of center appears possibly quasi-stellar -- this is the compact galaxy Mrk 1071.  A mag 10 star is 6.2' NW.

 

17.5" (1/1/92): fairly faint, moderately large, edge-on 5:1 WSW-ENE, 2.5'x0.5', broad mild concentration, fairly striking appearance.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1247 = H. II-900 on 10 Dec 1798 (sweep 1087). He recorded "faint, extended nearly in the parallel, a little from south preceding to north following, about 3' long, 1' broad."

 

On 12 Jan 1877, Birr Castle assistant J.L.E. Dreyer logged "vF, very much elongated 72.5°, gradually little brighter middle. *10m 6' np."

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NGC 1248 = MCG -01-09-016 = PGC 11970

03 12 48.5 -05 13 29; Eri

V = 12.5;  Size 1.1'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 100°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): fairly faint, small, round, small bright core, possible stellar nucleus.  Located 5.5' S of mag 8.3 SAO 130357.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1248 = H. III-443 = h292 on 5 Oct 1785 (sweep 457), noting "vF, vS, confirmed by 240 power."  John Herschel made three observations and initially assumed he had made the discovery.

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NGC 1249 = ESO 155-006 = LGG 093-004 = PGC 11836

03 10 01.2 -53 20 09; Hor

V = 11.8;  Size 4.9'x2.3';  Surf Br = 14.3;  PA = 86°

 

24" (4/9/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, large, very elongated nearly 3:1 E-W, ~4'x1.4', broad concentration with a bulging middle.  The galaxy was brighter along the major axis (bar).  The observation was cut short by clouds, so it's possible the observation was somewhat compromised.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1249 = h2514 on 5 Dec 1834, recording "B; L; vmE in pos. 80°; very gradually brighter middle to an axis; 2.5' l; 1' br."  His position and description matches ESO 155-006 = PGC 11836.

 

NGC 1249 was first photographed by Delisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901 and described in a list of NGC corrections as "spiral, 1 branch much brighter than other, E at 80°."

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NGC 1250 = UGC 2613 = MCG +07-07-040 = CGCG 540-066 = PGC 12098

03 15 21.1 +41 21 20; Per

V = 13.0;  Size 2.1'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 159°

 

17.5" (12/3/88): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated NNW-SSE, bright core, faint almost stellar nucleus.  Member of AGC 426.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1250 = Sw. 5-53 on 21 Oct 1886 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position is accurate (on the west side of AGC 426).

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NGC 1251

03 14 09.1 +01 27 24; Cet

 

= **, Carlson and Corwin.

 

Sidney Coolidge discovered NGC 1251 = HN 24 on 25 Jan 1860 with the 15-inch refractor of Harvard College Observatory during the Zone Survey of equatorial stars.  He simply noted "faint nebulosity", but within 25" of his position is a faint double star (14.3/15.0 at 7").  All 9 of his nebulous objects in the NGC turned out to be single or double stars.

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NGC 1252 = ESO 116-011

03 10 44 -57 45 30; Hor

Size 10'

 

14" (4/7/16 - Coonabarabran, 145x): fairly large scattered group of ~20 stars in a 10' region.  Includes mag 6.6 HD 20037 on the southwest end and mag 8.7 HD 20059 on the north side.  Not impressive but detached in the field.  This group (likely an asterism) is situated 30' SSE of TW Hor (sometimes referred to as "Herschel's Red Star"), a bright orange-red carbon star (B-V = 2.3)

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1252 = h2515 on 4 Dec 1834, recording a "Star 8m, the chief of a cluster of 18 or 20 stars."  His Cape catalogue position corresponds with mag 6.6 HD 20037 at 03 10 39.2 -57 48 35 (2000), the brightest in this 10' group.  Apparently JH made a copying error after he precessed his coordinates to 1860 for the General Catalogue (#663) as his position there is exactly 20' too far south.  Dreyer didn't catch this mistake so it carried over into the NGC.  As a result, ESO says "Not found" and RNGC classifies NGC 1252 as an "unverified southern object", both using the erroneous NGC position.

 

The group of stars at Herschel's position has been considered an asterism as most of the brighter stars have different proper motion using Hipparchos and ACT data. See Baumgardt "The nature of some doubtful open clusters as revealed by HIPPARCOS" (A&A, 340, 402, 1998).  But a more recent paper by de la Fuente Marcos, et al. (MNRAS 434, 194, 2013) found there is an old, metal-poor cluster remnant here.  At a distance of nearly 900 parsecs from the Galactic disk, it is one of the furthest (from the disk) cluster remnants known.

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NGC 1253 = Arp 279 NED1 = MCG -01-09-018 = UGCA 62 = PGC 12041

03 14 09.1 -02 49 22; Eri

V = 11.7;  Size 5.2'x2.3';  Surf Br = 14.3;  PA = 82°

 

48" (10/23/11): very bright, very large, elongated ~5:2 WSW-ENE, ~4'x1.6'.  Contains a large, very bright elongated core that gradually increases to the center.  A mag 12.5 star is superimposed just SW of the central region.  A spiral arm emerges from the galaxy on the ENE end and curls sharply clockwise towards the SW on the follwing end of the galaxy and quickly dims.  The arm appears patchy with a couple of small knots near the outer edge (~1.6' from center).  The arm on the west end is harder to make out as it emerges from the central region near the superimposed star and is not as well defined, appearing more as a hazy, mottled region with some brighter patches.  A mag 12 star lies 3' ENE and just beyond the star is NGC 1253A, a low surface brightness dwarf.  NGC 1253A appeared fairly faint, large, irregular, roughly oval 3:2 E-W, 1.2'x0.8', small brighter core, very patchy appearance (contains HII knots).  The nearby mag 12 star is just off the SW side.

 

24" (12/1/13):  NGC 1253A was picked up as a very faint to faint glow, elongated 2:1 E-W, 0.4'x0.2' (central region seen), low surface brightness.  Situated 3.9' ENE of much brighter NGC 1253 and just 0.9' NE of a mag 12 star.  NGC 1253 showed a little structure but I didn't take notes.

 

17.5" (1/7/89): moderately bright, oval ~E-W, no central brightening but contains a slightly brighter knot at the NE end.  A mag 12 star is involved at the west end 52" from the center and a mag 11 star is 2.9' ENE of center.  Forms a double system with NGC 1253A 3.7' ENE (just following the mag 11 star) which was not seen.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1253 = H. IV-17 on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 280).  He described "a small star with a very faint nebulous brush following (with 240x). I am sure with eyepiece No. 1 [157x] I should have overlooked it.  The brush was faint and about 1.5' or 2' long.  A star on each side which I viewed were free from that brush, though I drew them in the same part of the field."  His position was 6' too far S.  At the beginning of this sweep, he noted "The rope being broken the polar distance is coarsely marked in revolutions of the axel".  d'Arrest measured an accurate position based on 4 separate measures.

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NGC 1254 = MCG +00-09-033 = CGCG 390-032 = PGC 12052

03 14 23.8 +02 40 42; Cet

V = 14.2;  Size 0.8'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, very small, slightly elongated SW-NE, small bright core, faint stellar nucleus.  Equidistant between mag 8.7 SAO 111066 5' SSW and mag 8.4 SAO 111068 5' NE.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1254 = m 89 on 9 Sep 1864 with Lassell's 48" reflector on Malta and logged "F, vS, stellar".  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1255 = ESO 481-013 = MCG -04-08-050 = UGCA 60 = AM 0311-255 = LGG 086-001 = PGC 12007

03 13 32.2 -25 43 31; For

V = 10.9;  Size 4.2'x2.6';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 117°

 

13.1" (10/10/86): moderately bright, large, fairly diffuse, weak concentration, elongated NW-SE.  A mag 12 star is 2.0' SW of center.  In a small group with NGC 1201 and 1302.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered NGC 1255 = LM 1-98 on 30 Aug 1883 with the 6-inch refractor at Vanderbilt University (Sidereal Messenger, Vol 2, page 226 and Object "b" in AN 108, 370, 1884) and described a "faint nebula, not large, pretty even in light.  A faint star close p and slightly south probably involved.  Star is s and f the nebula by about 30'."  Ormond Stone made an independent discovery in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory, recording  "4.1'x2.0', PA 315°."  The NGC position is 2.5' south of ESO 481-013 = PGC 12007, although Stone's declination is accurate.

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NGC 1256 = ESO 547-023 = MCG -04-08-052 = PGC 12032

03 13 58.2 -21 59 10; Eri

V = 13.6;  Size 1.1'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 108°

 

17.5" (11/10/96): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, weak even concentration to a small brighter core.  A mag 15 star lies 1.1' N.  Located 6.5' ESE of mag 9 SAO 168391.  In same field with NGC 1258 13' NNE.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1256 = h2516 on 13 Nov 1835, calling it "F, S, almost stellar, but E, has a * 8  preceding 7.5', 2' N."  His position and description (the star is mag 9.3 HD 20129) matches ESO 547-023 = PGC 12032.

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NGC 1257

03 16 59.5 +41 31 45; Per

 

= **, Corwin.  Misidentified in RNGC and RC3.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered NGC 1257 = Big. 16 on 19 Oct 1884 with the 12" at the Paris Observatory.  There is nothing at his position, but according to Harold Corwin, Bigourdan's position (once the position of his offset star is corrected) points directly to a close pair of 15th magnitude stars at 03 16 59.5 +41 31 45.  The RNGC, PGC and RC 3 misidentify UGC 3621 as NGC 1257.  This galaxy is 38 sec of RA preceding his published position and does not match the description. See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1258 = ESO 547-024 = MCG -04-08-053 = PGC 12034

03 14 05.5 -21 46 28; Eri

V = 13.3;  Size 1.3'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 17°

 

17.5" (11/10/96): faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, low even surface brightness.  Appears ~1.5'x1.0' (slightly larger than listed dimensions).  In field with NGC 1256 13' SSW.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1258 = LM 2-364 on 19 Nov 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory, recording "mag 15.6, 1.2' dia, vlE 0°, GC 665 [NGC 1256] 12' south."  His position is just 0.2 min of RA east of ESO 547-024 = PGC 12034 and this galaxy is 13' N of NGC 1256.

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NGC 1259 = MCG +07-07-046 = PGC 12208

03 17 17.3 +41 23 07; Per

V = 14.2;  Size 0.7'x0.7'

 

24" (2/15/18): at 375x; faint, small, round, 15" diameter.  A mag 15 star is at the west edge and a small trio of 13th mag star is close east.  In the central region of AGC 426 with NGC 1260 is 2.2' NE, UGC 2626 is 3.7' SW, MCG +07-07-048 is 2.3' ESE.

 

17.5" (12/19/87): extremely faint, very small.  An extremely faint mag 15.5 star is at the west edge.  Located 3.7' NE of UGC 2626 = (R)NGC 1259.  First of three with NGC 1260 and MCG +07-07-48 within AGC 426.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered NGC 1259 = Big. 17 on 21 Oct 1884 with the 12" at the Paris Observatory and noted, "round, 25" diameter, vslbM".  With respect to Big. 18 = NGC 1260, his position is 11 sec of RA west and 1' S.  This offset corresponds to MCG +07-07-046 = PGC 12208 (11 sec west and 1.2' S).  MCG misidentifies NGC 1260 as NGC 1259 and the RNGC misidentifies UGC 2626 (3.7' SW of NGC 1259) as NGC 1259!

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NGC 1260 = UGC 2634 = MCG +07-07-047 = CGCG 540-081 = PGC 12219

03 17 27.2 +41 24 19; Per

V = 13.3;  Size 1.1'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 86°

 

24" (2/15/18): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 E-W, 45" length, strong concentration with a bright round core.  NGC 1259 lies 2.2' SW and MCG +07-07-048 is 1.8' SSE.  The latter galaxy appeared faint, small, round, 15" diameter. A mag ~14.5 star is at the west edge.

 

PGC 12206, picked up 3.2' NW, was very faint, small, round, 15" diameter, low surface brightness.  CGCG 540-085, 5' NE, was fairly faint, slightly elongated SW-NE, 25"x20", very weak concentration with no distinct nucleus.  A distinctive triangle of mag 11 stars (sides 1' to 1.5') is a couple of arc minutes west.

 

17.5" (12/19/87): fairly faint, fairly small, oval ~E-W, weak concentration.  This member of AGC 426 is the brightest of three with NGC 1259 2.2' SW.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered NGC 1260 = Big. 18 on 19 Oct 1884 with the 12" at the Paris Observatory, reporting "mag 13.3-13.4, 25" dia, no nucleus."  His position corresponds with UGC 2634 = PGC 12219.  MCG misidentifies this galaxy as NGC 1259 and then misidentifies MCG +07-07-048 = PGC 12221 as NGC 1260.

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NGC 1261 = ESO 155-011

03 12 15.3 -55 13 01; Hor

V = 8.3;  Size 6.9';  Surf Br = 0.0

 

18" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): bright, symmetric globular, ~5' diameter, with a large very bright condensed core (concentration class II).  A mag 9 star lies 3.6' NE of the center, just outside the halo.  At 171x, the halo was just resolved into a large number of faint stars.

 

20" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 212x, the resolution was a bit better in the halo than with the 18", but the blazing core was still unresolved.

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1261 = D 337 = h2517 on 28 Sep 1826 with his 9" reflector from Parramatta, NSW.  He described (based on two observations) "a very bright round nebula, about 1.5' diameter, pretty well defined and gradually bright to the centre. A small star north following."  No mention was made of resolution in either of his two observations, though it might have been possible at high power (brightest stars mag 13.5).

 

John Herschel observed the cluster twice, first describing it on 5 Dec 1834 (sweep 520) as a "globular, bright; large; irregularly round; 2.5' diameter; all resolved into equal stars 14 mag.  Has a star 9th mag 45° N.f. 3' distant."  On his second sweep he logged "pretty bright; round; very gradually brighter in the middle; 3' across; resolved into stars of 15th magnitude. A very faint nebula (??) precedes."  There is a close pair of extremely faint galaxies southwest of the globular, but I doubt Herschel could have picked these up.

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NGC 1262 = MCG -03-09-014 = PGC 12107

03 15 33.6 -15 52 46; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 0.8'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 135°

 

48" (11/4/21): moderately bright, fairly small, round, slightly brighter core and nucleus. The halo has a fairly low surface halo but a well defined periphery and an irregular surface brightness (NGC 1262 is a face-on spiral).

 

17.5" (12/30/99): extremely faint, very small, round, 0.4' diameter, no concentration.  Requires averted vision and could not hold steadily.  A mag 15 star lies 1.0' SW.

 

The redshift-based distance of this galaxy is nearly 1.1 billion l.y., with a second measurement in NED yielding 1.4 billion l.y!  The larger figure places it as the most distant NGC, further than NGC 5609 at 1.2 billion l.y.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1262 = LM 1-99 on 12 Nov 1885 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory, recording "mag 15.0, pS, irregularly round, suddenly brighter in the middle to a nucleus, halo 15.5."  Within the accuracy of his measurement (nearest minute of RA), his position matches MCG -03-09-014 = PGC 12107. Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1263 = MCG -03-09-015 = PGC 12114

03 15 39.6 -15 05 55; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 0.7'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.1

 

17.5" (12/30/99): extremely faint and small, round, 15" diameter.  Requires averted to glimpse.  Once or twice the small halo disappeared and an extremely faint stellar nucleus was momentarily visible.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1263 = LM 1-100 on 31 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory, recoerding it as "mag 14.0, 0.7' dia, lE 0°, suddenly brighter middle."  His very rough RA (nearest min of RA) is 0.7 min west of MCG -03-09-015 = PGC 12114.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1264 = UGC 2643 = MCG +07-07-050 = PGC 12270

03 17 59.5 +41 31 14; Per

V = 14.2;  Size 1.0'x0.7';  Surf Br = 14.1;  PA = 30°

 

24" (2/15/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.5'x0.4', very small slightly brighter nucleus.  The nearest member of AGC 426 is PGC 12263, 1.4' S, which was extremely faint and small, 10" diameter, required averted to pick up. 5' to the SE are PGC 12292 and 12294, a close pair of mag 15V galaxies adjacent to a mag 11.5 star.

 

17.5" (12/3/88): very faint, small, round, low surface brightness.  An extremely faint companion is 1.5' SSW.  Member of AGC 426.

 

CGCG 540-085, which RNGC misidentifies as NGC 1264, is 4.4' SSW.  It appeared very faint, extremely small, round, even surface brightness.  Three stars forming a right triangle are 2'-3'  west.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered NGC 1264 = Big. 19 on 19 Oct 1884 and noted "mag 13.3, 30" diameter, vslbM."  His position corresponds with UGC 2643 = PGC 12270.  The RNGC misidentifies CGCG 540-085 = PGC 12254 as NGC 1264.  UGC and MCG have the correct identification.  Discussed in RNGC Corrections #3 and Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1265 = UGC 2651 = MCG +07-07-052 = CGCG 540-088 = 3C 83.1 = PGC 12287

03 18 15.8 +41 51 28; Per

V = 12.1;  Size 1.8'x1.6';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 165°

 

24" (1/28/17): at 282x; large, very diffuse glow with a bright star superimposed just east of center!  This galaxy appeared as a low surface brightness haze perhaps 1.25' in diameter.  With careful viewing, there appeared to be a very small, slightly brighter core just west of the star.  A mag 10.4 star lies 2.7' S.  IC 312 lies 6' SSW.

 

17.5" (1/7/89): very faint, small, round glow. This member of the AGC 426 cluster is located just east of a mag 11 star and has a striking location. Forms a pair with IC 312 6' SSW.

Note:  The bright star is directly superimposed, so there was some confusion in this observation.

 

Note: In 2017 it was determined that based on the historical record NGC 1265 is identical to IC 312 (description below) and the traditional identification NGC 1265 = UGC 2651 is incorrect.

 

24" (1/28/17): at 282x; moderately bright, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 0.6'x0.4', small bright core.  PGC 12288, just 1.9' SE, appeared faint, small, elongated ~3:1 SSW-NNE, ~20"x7".  A mag 14-14.5 star is at the northeast end.  NGC 1265, a low surface brightness galaxy with a bright star superimposed, lies 6' NNE of IC 312.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered NGC 1265 = Big. 20 on 14 Nov 1884 and reported "mag 13.3, 15" diameter, slbM." His position is 5 tsec of RA east and 1.4' south of UGC 2651 = PGC 12287.

 

In January 2017 I wrote Harold Corwin regarding my observation:  "[I] initially was stumped on NGC 1265. It took me a minute or two to notice NGC 1265 as a relatively large, diffuse glow surrounding a fairly bright star that is superimposed. The star is not evident on the DSS, but you can clearly see it on the SDSS, including its diffraction spikes. NGC 1265 supposedly has a V mag ~12, but I'm guessing that includes the star, and the glow of IC 312 at V = 13.4 was more obvious to me."

 

Corwin checked Bigourdan's records and found he misplaced his offset star by 8'.  Once corrected, his offset points to IC 312!  Although the 8 arcminute error is unexplained, Corwin concludes "it is clear that Bigiourdan discovered IC 312 and not UGC 2651."  Although he has updated his files to this identification, it will be difficult to change other databases and the literature on the Perseus galaxy cluster.

 

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NGC 1266 = MCG -01-09-023 = PGC 12131

03 16 00.8 -02 25 38; Eri

V = 12.7;  Size 1.5'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 115°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, oval 3:2 ~E-W, even surface brightness.  A mag 13.5 star is 1.5' WSW.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1266 = H. III-194 on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 280) and noted "eF and eS. 240 verified it"  There is nothing at his position, but 11.7' north and 13 sec of RA east is MCG -01-09-023 = PGC 12131. At the beginning of this sweep, Herschel noted "The rope being broken the PD is coarsely marked in revolutions of the axel." so this identification is reasonable.  Heinrich d'Arrest noted the error and measured an accurate micrometric position on 4 different nights and noted the mag 13 star 6 seconds of RA west and 1' south.

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NGC 1267 = UGC 2657 = MCG +07-07-055 = CGCG 540-092 = LGG 088-005 = PGC 12331

03 18 44.9 +41 28 04; Per

V = 13.2;  Size 0.9'x0.8'

 

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly bright, fairly small, round, fairly high surface brightness, increases to a bright stellar nucleus.  Forms a pair with NGC 1268 1.0' N in the center of AGC 426 with a number of galaxies nearby including CGCG 540-089 1.8' WNW and NGC 1270 2.5' W.  Two mag 13 and 14 star are 1' S.  CGCG 540-087, 5.4' SW, appeared fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~3:2 NNW-SSE, ~0,6'x0.4', broad weak concentration.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, very small, round, faint stellar nucleus.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1268 1.0' N with CGCG 540-089 1.8' NW and NGC 1270 2.6' E.  Located in the rich central section of AGC 426 with CGCG 540-087 5.5' SW, NGC 1272 7.0' ENE and NGC 1275 12.2' ENE.

 

CGCG 540-089 is extremely faint and small, round.  Two mag 14 stars are close south just 16" and 32" from the center.

CGCG 540-087 is faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S.  A mag 13.5 star is 0.8' N of center.

 

13.1" (1/28/84): very faint, small, compact, arc of stars just south.  In a group of 4 in AGC 426.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1267 on 14 Feb 1863 with the 11-inch Merz refractor at the Copenhagen Observatory.  He noted a size of 8" and his position (measured on 2 nights) is accurate.  The same night he also discovered nearby NGC 1268, 1270, 1272, 1273 and 1278.

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NGC 1268 = UGC 2658 = MCG +07-07-056 = CGCG 540-093 = WBL 097-013 = PGC 12332

03 18 45.1 +41 29 19; Per

V = 14.5;  Size 1.1'x0.9';  PA = 120°

 

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, very slightly elongated,~0.6'x0.5', nearly even surface brightness.  A 15th magnitude star is superimposed on the south side.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1267 1.2' S.  NGC 1268 has a significantly lower surface brightness.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): extremely faint and small, round, faint stellar nucleus.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1267 1.2' S.  Also very near are CGCG 540-089 1.8' SW and NGC 1270 is 2.7' ESE.  Located in the central core of AGC 426 with NGC 1272 6.8' E.

 

13.1" (1/28/84): extremely faint, very small, diffuse.  Located 1' N of NGC 1267 in AGC 426.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1268 on 14 Feb 1863 with the 11" refractor at Copenhagen Observatory.  His position (measured on 2 nights) and description (1' north of NGC 1267) matches UGC 2658.  At the same time, he discovered and measured NGC 1267, 1270, 1272, 1273 and 1278.

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NGC 1269 = NGC 1291 = ESO 301-002 = MCG -07-07-008 = PGC 12209

03 17 18.2 -41 06 26; Eri

 

See observing notes for NGC 1291.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1269 = h2518 on 1 Nov 1836, and logged "vB; R; gradually little brighter middle; 15"."  On the same sweep he found NGC 1291 = h2521 and strangely he recorded identical declinations and almost identical descriptions!  Could he have reobserved the same object unknowingly?  In MN, Vol 62, p469, Innes comments "not visible in the 7-inch [at the Cape of Good Hope].  This is perhaps the same as NGC 1291, observed by John Herschel on the same night.  JH gives for the latter exactly the same declination and description as for h2518."  Pietro Baracchi also searched for NGC 1269 unsuccessfully with the Great Melbourne Telescope on 16 Feb 1888.  The most reasonable conclusion is Herschel recorded this object twice and NGC 1269 = NGC 1291.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1270 = UGC 2660 = MCG +07-07-057 = CGCG 540-095 = LGG 088-006 = PGC 12350

03 18 58.1 +41 28 13; Per

V = 13.1;  Size 1.2'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 15°

 

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; relatively bright, fairly small, round, ~0.9' diameter, fairly high surface brightness, increases to the center, thin fainter halo.  In the central core of AGC 426 with the trio of NGC 1267, 1268 and CGCG 540-089 immediately west and NGC 1272 4.5' ENE.  PGC 12358, just 1.2' E, was faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, ~18" diameter, very faint stellar nucleus.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, very small, slightly elongated ~N-S, small bright core.  Located in the central core of AGC 426 with NGC 1267 2.6' W, NGC 1268 2.7' WNW and NGC 1272 4.4' ENE.

 

13.1" (1/28/84): faint, small, weak concentration.  Last of four in a small group in the core of AGC 426 with NGC 1267 2.5' W.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1270 on 14 Feb 1863 with the 11" refractor at Copenhagen Observatory and placed it 14 seconds of time following NGC 1267.  At the same time, d'Arrest discovered nearby NGC 1267, 1268, 1272, 1273 and 1278.  Dreyer measured a micrometric offset from NGC 1272 in 12 Dec 1876.  Dreyer found this galaxy again on 11 Sep 1888 and reported it as new in his 8th list.  Dreyer correctly assumed Sw. 8-30 was a reobservation of one of the earlier discoveries in the cluster, so didn't assign it an IC designation.

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NGC 1271 = CGCG 540-096 = PGC 12367

03 19 11.3 +41 21 12; Per

V = 14.1;  Size 0.8'x0.35';  PA = 123°

 

17.5" (8/12/88): very faint, small, slightly elongated, bright core, faint stellar nucleus.  Member of AGC 426.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered NGC 1271 = Big. 21 on 14 Nov 1884, recording "mag 13.5, 20" diameter, no nucleus."  His position is just off the south edge of CGCG 540-096 = PGC 12367.

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NGC 1272 = UGC 2662 = MCG +07-07-058 = CGCG 540-098 = LGG 091-003 = PGC 12384

03 19 21.3 +41 29 27; Per

V = 11.8;  Size 2.0'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; bright, fairly large (largest in AGC 426!), round, ~2' diameter.  Strongly concentrated with a large bright core that gradually increases to the center but no central pip.  The surface brightness of the core is lower than NGC 1275, which is 5' ENE.

 

PGC 12387, located 3.7' S, appeared faint, small, elongated 3:1 ~N-S, 0.3'x0.1'.

PGC 12409, located 3.0' E, appeared very faint, very small, round, 10" diameter.  Collinear with two stars 0.9' NNW (mag 11.6) and 1.5' NNW (mag 14.5).

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly faint, small, round, small bright core.  This galaxy is the second brightest in AGC 426 and forms the SW vertex of a distinctive parallelogram of brighter galaxies with NGC 1275 5' ENE, NGC 1273 3.1' NNE and NGC 1278/1277 7.5' NE.  Also located midway between NGC 1275 and NGC 1270 4.4' WSW.

 

13.1" (1/28/84): fairly faint, fairly small, bright core. 

 

8" (1/1/84): extremely faint and small, round.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1272 on 14 Feb 1863 with the 11" refractor at Copenhagen Observatory.  He estimated a size of 45"-50" diameter and measured the position on 2 nights (27 seconds preceding NGC 1275).  The same night he found NGC 1267, 1268, 1270, 1273 and 1278.

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NGC 1273 = MCG +07-07-059 = CGCG 540-099 = LGG 088-029 = PGC 12396

03 19 26.7 +41 32 26; Per

V = 13.2;  Size 1.1'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

24" (2/15/18): at 375x; relatively bright, fairly small, round, 35" diameter, very small bright nucleus.  One of a dozen galaxies logged within 8'!  Forms the NW vertex of a trapezoid with NGC 1272, 1274 and 1275 and at the midpoint of NGC 1272 3' SSW and CGCG 540-101 3' NNE.  CGCG 540-101 (misidentified as IC 1907 in RC3 and PGC) appeared fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter.  An equilateral triangle of mag 14 stars is close south.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, very small, round, small bright core.  Forms the NW vertex of a parallelogram of brighter galaxies in the core of AGC 426 with NGC 1272 3.1' SSW, NGC 1275 4.4' ESE, and NGC 1278 5.3' ENE.

 

13.1" (1/28/84): faint, small.  Located 4.4' WNW of NGC 1275 in the core of AGC 426.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1273 on 14 Feb 1863 with the 11" refractor at Copenhagen Observatory.  His position (measured on 2 nights) matches CGCG 540-099 = PGC 12396.  The same night he discovered NGC 1267, 1268, 1270, 1272 and 1278.

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NGC 1274 = MCG +07-07-062 = CGCG 540-102 = PGC 12413

03 19 40.5 +41 32 55; Per

V = 14.1;  Size 0.7'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.4;  PA = 43°

 

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:3 SW-NE, 25"x15", slightly brighter nucleus.  Located in the center of an oval ring of galaxies in the core of AGC 426.  The four nearest are NGC 1278 2.7' NE, NGC 1275 2.6' SE, NGC 1273 2.6' WSW and CGCG 540-101 2.2' NW!  The latter galaxy appeared fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter.  An equilateral triangle of mag 14 stars is close south.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, very small, weak concentration, slightly elongated.  Located in the dense central core of AGC 426 just 2.7' NW of NGC 1275 and 2.6' E of NGC 1273.

 

CGCG 540-101 = PGC 12405, which is misidentified as IC 1907 in MCG, PGC and RC3, lies 2.3' NW.  It appeared very faint, small, round.  A small triangle of stars is close south.

 

13.1" (1/28/84): very faint, very small. Located 2.7' NW of NGC 1275 within AGC 426.

 

Lawrence Parsons, the 4th earl of Rosse, discovered NGC 1274 on 13 Dec 1874 and labeled it as "d" on his sketch.  The sketch and micrometric offset from a nearby star matches CGCG 540-102 = PGC 12413.  This galaxy is identified as IC 1907 (discovered by Bigourdan on 22 Oct 1884 and included in list IV-375).  But Harold Corwin equates IC 1907 with NGC 1278 (see that number). Thomson has a long discussion on the identify of IC 1907 in his IC survey.

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NGC 1275 = UGC 2669 = MCG +07-07-063 = CGCG 540-103 = Perseus A = 3C 84 = PGC 12429

03 19 48.1 +41 30 43; Per

V = 11.9;  Size 2.2'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 110°

 

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; bright, fairly large, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, ~1.6'x1.3'.  Divided into three distinct zones; sharply concentrated with a strong bright core, a prominent quasi-stellar nucleus and a halo that gradually fades out. Similar or slightly smaller in size to NGC 1272, but with a higher surface brightness core/nucleus.  A mag 13.8 star is just off the NW side.  A dozen members of AGC 426 were logged within 5' of NGC 1275!  The closest is PGC 12441, 1.5' NE of center.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly bright, fairly small, oval ~E-W, small bright core.  NGC 1275 is a Seyfert galaxy and is the largest and brightest member of AGC 426.  Surrounded by a swarm of faint galaxies in the core including NGC 1272 5.2' WSW, NGC 1273 4.4' WNW, NGC 1274 2.6' NW, NGC 1277 3.7' NNE, NGC 1278 3.3' NNE, NGC 1279 2.8' SE, NGC 1281 7.8' NNE.

 

13.1" (1/28/84): fairly bright, fairly small, small bright core. 

 

8" (1/1/84): faint but not difficult, small, slightly elongated, small bright core.

 

6" (10/24/87): extremely faint and small, round.  Used a 6" mask on the 17.5".

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1275 = H. II-603 = h293 on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 614). His decription reads, "pretty bright, stellar [nebula], or a pretty considerable star with a small, very faint chevelure [halo]."  Earlier in the same sweep, he discovered NGC 910, one of the central and brightest members of galaxy cluster Abell 347.  Less than two minutes later he found the NGC 1293/94 pair.  These were the the only three galaxies he discovered in the Perseus Galaxy Cluster (Abell 426). He included a sketch in the 1811 PT publication (fig. 41) as representative of the class of stellar nebulae.

 

John Herschel made a single observation on 18 Sep 1828 (sweep 182) and measured an accurate position.  Birr Castle assistant George Johnstone Stone observed NGC 1275 on 16 Dec 1848 and noted "A multitude of nebs. knots in the neighborhood, principally preceding; counted 15; many more."

 

Heinrich d'Arrest observed the cluster on 14 Feb 1863 (discovering NGC 1267, 1268, 1270, 1272, 1273 and 1278) and described NGC 1275 as a "nebula duplex", the second component being NGC 1278 about 3' NE, so d'Arrest was the first to observe NGC 1278.  But he wasn't sure which of the two nebulae was NGC 1275 (H. II-603), so reported his observation of NGC 1275 as new and noted for NGC 1278: "II 603? [h]293?".  John Herschel credited d'Arrest with the discovery of GC 675 (later NGC 1278), but Dreyer thought Herschel discovered NGC 1278 and he mistakenly assigned d'Arrest's discovery to NGC 1275.  Steinicke agrees (personal e-mail) that Dreyer reversed the discovery credits and descriptions for NGC 1275 and NGC 1278 in the NGC and concludes:

NGC 1275 = II 603 = h 293 = GC 674, discovered by WH on 17 Oct 1786 and observed by d'Arrest on 14 Feb 1863.

NGC 1278 = GC 675, discovered by d'Arrest on 14 Feb 1863 and independently by Bigourdan on 22 Oct 1884 (IC 1907).

 

NGC 1275 contains a Sy2 nucleus and is one of the 6 original galaxies studied by Seyfert in his seminal 1943 paper "Nuclear Emission in Spiral Nebulae".  It is a powerful radio source (Perseus A)

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NGC 1276

03 19 51.2 +41 38 31; Per

 

= **, Corwin.  = PGC 12430, Malcolm Thomson and RNGC.  Below are my notes for PGC 12430 at 03 19 47.8 +41 35 47.

 

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, 25" diameter, weak concentration with a slightly brighter core.  In the central core of the Perseus galaxy cluster 2.8' NNE of NGC 1273 and 3.9' WNW of NGC 1278.

 

17.5" (12/3/88): very faint, very small, oval.  Located in the central core of AGC 426 on a line with NGC 1277 and NGC 1278 2' SE.

 

J.L.E. Dreyer discovered NGC 1276 on 12 Dec 1876 while measured positions within the cluster.  From NGC 1278, his micrometric offset is 291" in PA 352.3° (or 3.5 seconds of RA west and 4.8' north).  There is no galaxy close to this offset, but at 4.7' separation in PA 353° is a 15" pair of stars that Corwin identifies as NGC 1276.  I'm surprised Dreyer didn't resolve this pair, though perhaps he thought one component was nebulous.

 

Malcolm Thomson suggested PGC 12430 as a possible match though the offsets are 6 seconds of RA west of NGC 1278 and only 2' N.  Karl Reinmuth stated in his 1926 monograph, "not found [on a Heidelberg plate] in Dreyer's place; perhaps 1.6' nnp of NGC 1277."  Reinmuth also refers to PGC 12430, but no simple error in Dreyer's offsets lands of this galaxy. RNGC also appears to identify PGC 12430 as NGC 1276.

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NGC 1277 = MCG +07-07-064 = CGCG 540-104 = LGG 088-007 = PGC 12434

03 19 51.5 +41 34 25; Per

V = 13.5;  Size 1.0'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.3;  PA = 92°

 

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 E-W, fairly high surface brightness, very small bright core, stellar nucleus.  Forms a "double" with NGC 1278" just 45" SE between centers.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, very small, oval ~E-W, small bright core.  Located in the central core of AGC 426 3.7' N of NGC 1275 and forms a close pair with NGC 1278 0.8' SE.

 

13.1" (1/28/84): very faint, extremely small.  Located 0.8' NW of NGC 1278.

 

Lawrence Parsons, the 4th Earl of Rosse, discovered NGC 1277 = Sw. 8-32 on 4 Dec 1875.  Dreyer independently found the galaxy a year later on 12 Dec 1876 and both observations are included in Dreyer's GC Supplement (5304 = 5305).  Dreyer equated the GC entries in the NGC.

 

Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 14 Sep 1888 and reported it as new as the 32nd nebula in his 8th list, writing "eeeF; vS; R; close D[ouble] with 1276; M[iddle] of 3 in line; 1271, 73, 76, 78 in field".  His position is within 1' of NGC 1277 and the description applies, except it forms a close double with NGC 1278.  Dreyer didn't assign an IC designation to Sw. 8-32, apparently correctly deciding it was a duplicate.  Unfortunately, Sw. 8-31 didn't receive an IC designation either, although it applies to PGC 12430 (described as "one of 3 in a line").

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NGC 1278 = IC 1907 = UGC 2670 = MCG +07-07-065 = CGCG 540-105 = PGC 12438

03 19 54.1 +41 33 48; Per

V = 12.4;  Size 1.5'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 85°

 

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated E-W, 40" diameter, bright core, gradually increases to center.  Slightly brighter than NGC 1277, which is off the northwest side [50" from center].  PGC 12436, off the SSW edge [52" from center], was glimpsed as an extremely faint, round spot, 10" diameter.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly faint, fairly small, oval, small bright core.  Located in the central core of AGC 426.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1277 0.8' NW with V Zw 339 1.4' ESE.  NGC 1278 is situated at the NE corner of a parallelogram with NGC 1275 3.4' SSW, NGC 1272 7.5' SW and NGC 1273 5.3' WSW.  V Zw 339 appeared extremely faint and small, round.

 

13.1" (1/28/84): faint, small.  Located 3.4' N of NGC 1275 and forms a close pair with NGC 1277.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1278 on 14 Feb 1863 with the 11" refractor at Copenhagen Observatory.  William Herschel is credited with the discovery in the NGC, but H. II-603 and h293 should apply to NGC 1275 instead, as well as the description "pB, pS, R, bM".  Guillaume Bigourdan independently found this galaxy on 22 Oct 1884 and reported it in his 4th Comptes Rendus list as Big. 375 (later IC 1907).  Both d'Arrest and Bigourdan missed nearby NGC 1277. See notes on NGC 1275 for more on the confusion of NGC 1275 and 1278.

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NGC 1279 = PGC 12448 = PGC 12449

03 19 59.0 +41 28 47; Per

V = 14.6;  Size 0.5'x0.2';  PA = 0°

 

17.5" (8/12/88): very faint, very small, slightly elongated.  Visible continuously with averted vision.  Located in the central core of AGC 426 just 2.8' SE of NGC 1275!  This galaxy is not listed in MCG, CGCG or RC3 and was incorrectly identified in the PGC.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): very faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S.

 

13.1" (1/28/84): extremely faint, very small, near visual threshold.  Located 2.8' SE of NGC 1275.

 

J.L.E. Dreyer discovered NGC 1279 on 12 Dec 1876 with the 72" at Birr Castle. He simply logged "vF, vS" and measured a micrometric offset from a star between NGC 1275 and NGC 1272 at 272.4" in PA 104.5°.  At this precise offset (270" in PA 105°) is PGC 12448 = PGC 12449 (duplicate entries in the PGC).  The PGC (and secondary sources such as Megastar) misidentifies PGC 12450 = V Zw 338 as NGC 1279.  The current versions of HyperLEDA and NED have the correct identification.

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NGC 1280 = UGC 2652 = MCG +00-09-050 = PGC 12262

03 17 57.1 -00 10 09; Cet

V = 13.4;  Size 0.9'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 55°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, small, round, weak concentration.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1280 = St. 12-25 on 30 Nov 1877.  His published micrometric position was reduced on 19 Dec 1881 with his description reading, "vF, vS, R, gradually brighter in the middle, seems resolvable."

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NGC 1281 = MCG +07-07-067 = CGCG 540-108 = PGC 12458

03 20 06.1 +41 37 48; Per

V = 13.3;  Size 0.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 68°

 

24" (2/13/18): at 375x; moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 WSW-ENE, 30"x24", sharply concentrated with a very bright, very small core that has a high surface brightness.  A mag 10.5 star is 1.0' WSW. Located 4.6' NNE of NGC 1278 in the core of AGC 426.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, small, elongated WSW-ENE.  Located in the central core of AGC 426 1.0' NE of a mag 10 star.  NGC 1275 lies 7.8' SSW.

 

J.L.E. Dreyer discovered NGC 1281 on 12 Dec 1876 with the 72" at Birr Castle and noted "vF, S, *11m 1' p".  With respect to NGC 1278 (incorrectly identified by Dreyer as h674), this object was placed 10.8 seconds of RA east and 239" N.  This micrometric offset points exactly at CGCG 540-108 = PGC 12458 and the description matches.

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NGC 1282 = UGC 2675 = MCG +07-07-068 = CGCG 540-109 = PGC 12471

03 20 12.1 +41 22 01; Per

V = 13.2;  Size 1.4'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 25°

 

17.5" (8/12/88): faint, fairly small, oval SW-NE, bright core.  Forms a pair with NGC 1283 2' NNE in the core of AGC 426.  NGC 1275 lies 10' NW.

 

17.5" (11/14/87): fairly faint, small, round, slightly brighter core.  Located 1' E of a mag 13.5 star.

 

13.1" (1/8/84): faint, fairly small, diffuse halo. Located 10' SE of NGC 1275.  Forms a pair with NGC 1283.

 

Édouard Stephan probably discovered NGC 1282 = Big. 22 on 29 Nov 1875.  His rough, unpublished position was 2' SE of center, similar to his other positional errors.  He didn't follow up with an accurate position and publish the discovery, so did not receive recognition in the NGC.  Guillaume Bigourdan rediscovered it on 23 Nov 1884 with the 12" at the Paris Observatory.  His description reads, "mag 13.2-13.3, 20" diameter, faint stellar ncl."

 

 

 

 

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NGC 1283 = UGC 2676 = MCG +07-07-069 = CGCG 540-110 = PGC 12478

03 20 15.5 +41 23 55; Per

V = 13.9;  Size 0.7'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 70°

 

17.5" (8/12/88): faint, small, round.  A pair of stars are close north.

 

17.5" (11/14/87): faint, very small, slightly elongated.  Forms the southern vertex of an isosceles triangle with a mag 13.5 star 1' N and a mag 14 star 1' NNW.  This member of AGC 426 forms a pair with NGC 1282 2' SSW.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan discovered NGC 1283 = Big. 23 on 23 Nov 1884 with the 12" at the Paris Observatory, reporting "mag 13.4, 20" diamewter, very little brighter middle."  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1284 = MCG -02-09-022 = PGC 12247

03 17 45.5 -10 17 20; Eri

V = 12.1;  Size 2.0'x1.6';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 90°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): very faint, fairly small, round, 0.8' diameter, low even surface brightness.  A wide mag 13.5/14.5 double at 26" lies 2' SSE.  Located 9.8' NNW of mag 7.1 SAO 148889.  Appears fainter than listed V = 12.1.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1284 = H. III-956 = h2519 on 10 Dec 1798 (sweep 1087) and noted "vF, vS, 2 or 3' north of 2 small stars.". His position matches MCG -02-09-022 = PGC 12247.

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NGC 1285 = MCG -01-09-026 = PGC 12259

03 17 53.4 -07 17 54; Eri

V = 13.4;  Size 1.3'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 35°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, weak broad concentration but no defined core.  Slightly mottled or irregular surface brightness.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1285 on 28 Oct 1865 with the 11" refractor at Copenhagen Observatory.  His single position is just off the east side of the galaxy.

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NGC 1286 = MCG -01-09-025 = PGC 12250

03 17 48.5 -07 37 01; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 0.9'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 150°

 

18" (11/23/05): fairly faint, small, round, 25" diameter, very small bright core.  A mag 15 star is just of the west side, ~40" from the center.  Located 4.9' ENE of mag 9.7 SAO 130402 and 3.4' NNW of a mag 10.4 star.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1286 = Sw. 3-25 on 10 Nov 1885 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory.  His position is 7 sec  of RA east of MCG -01-09-025 = PGC 12250.

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NGC 1287 = PGC 12310

03 18 33.4 -02 43 51; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 0.9'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.5

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, small, round, even surface brightness.  Located 9' NW of mag 7.1 SAO 130415.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1287 = H. III-195 on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 280) and noted "eF, eS, verified with 240 power."  His RA is 13 seconds too large. Heinrich d'Arrest noted the error and his mean position (3 nights) is close off the northeast edge of the galaxy.

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NGC 1288 = ESO 357-013 = MCG -05-08-025 = PGC 12204

03 17 13.2 -32 34 34; For

V = 12.1;  Size 2.3'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 178°

 

17.5" (12/28/00): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, 2.0'x1.5', broad concentration with no distinct.  The surface brightness appears somewhat uneven (face-on Sb) although the outer halo fades smoothly into the background.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1288 = h2520 on 19 Nov 1835 and recorded "vF; L; R; very gradually little brighter middle; 2.5' diam."  His position and description is accurate.  Lewis Swift saw the galaxy as "considerably elongated in the meridian [N-S].  It is not round as Sir J. Herschel says."

 

NGC 1288 was first photographed by Delisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901 and described as "Close 2-branch spiral, diameter 1', stellar nucleus."

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NGC 1289 = IC 314 = UGC 2666 = MCG +00-09-054 = CGCG 390-055 = PGC 12342

03 18 49.8 -01 58 24; Eri

V = 12.6;  Size 1.8'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 100°

 

24" (11/23/19): at 375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, better than average surface brightness, fairly small, elongated nearly 2:1 E-W, strong concentration with a prominent core that increases to a stellar nucleus.

 

17.5" (12/28/94): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 E-W, broad concentration to a brighter core.  An 8' line of four mag 11-13 stars oriented SW-NE follows; the closest is a mag 11 star 3.6' ESE.  NGC 1298 lies 22' SE.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1289 = Sw. 4-13 on 1 Sep 1886 and recorded "vF; S; R; 4 st following in a row.".  His position was 11 seconds of RA west of UGC 2666 but his description of the 4 stars applies so the identity is not in doubt.  Bigourdan found this galaxy again on 14 Dec 1887 and measured an accurate position for Big. 140 (later IC 134).  So, NGC 1289 = IC 314, with discovery priority to Swift.  Herbert Howe, observing with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver, measured an accurate micrometric position for NGC 1289 and reported "the "4 st following" are of about mag 10, and are not close together, the farthest being perhaps 10' from the nebula."  As only one galaxy was found on plates taken with the Reynolds reflector at the Helwan observatory in 1927-31, the 1935 bulletin reported NGC 1289 didn't exist.

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NGC 1290 = PGC 12395

03 19 25.2 -13 59 23; Eri

V = 14.8;  Size 0.5'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.9

 

17.5" (1/12/02): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter. Located 1.3' SE of a mag 13.5 star.  Forms a pair with NGC 1295 9' due east.  The identifications of NGC 1290 and NGC 1295 are reversed in the RNGC.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1290 = LM 1-101 (along with NGC 1295 = LM 1-102) in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  There is nothing at his rough position (nearest min of RA) but 1.2 tmin of RA east is PGC 12395.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

 

RNGC and MCG misidentify MCG -02-09-030 as NGC 1290.  The correct identification is NGC 1295 = MCG -02-09-030.

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NGC 1291 = NGC 1269 = ESO 301-002 = MCG -07-07-008 = PGC 12209

03 17 18.2 -41 06 26; Eri

V = 8.5;  Size 9.8'x8.1';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 156°

 

25" (3/31/19 - OzSky): at 244x; extremely bright, large, elongated 4:3 NNW-SSE, ~3.5'x2.7', very bright core with an intense nucleus.  A mag 12.2 star is is superimposed at the N edge [1.7' from center] and a second very faint star is on the halo on the south side.  The huge outer ring was not noticed.

 

17.5" (8/31/86): very bright, fairly large, contains a very bright, large core.  A mag 12 star is just off the north end 1.7' from the center.  Mag 8 SAO 216239 lies 11' SSW.  Viewed at only 10° elevation.

 

13.1" (10/10/86): very bright, moderately large, round, very bright core, almost stellar nucleus, large faint halo.  A star is involved on the north side.

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1291 = D 487 = h2521 on 2 Sep 1826 with his 9" reflector at Parramatta and recorded "a pretty bright round nebula, about 1.5' diameter, very bright and condensed to the centre, and very faint at the margin; with a very small star about 1' north, but not involved.".  His single position was 4' too far ESE.  Probably due to a clerical error, John Herschel included two entries for this galaxy in his Cape Catalogue from his observation on 1 Nov 1836 - namely, h2521 (later NGC 1291) and h2518 (later NGC 1269).  The RA for h2518 was 2.6 minutes of time too small, though otherwise the two entries are essentially identical and neither he nor Dreyer caught the error.  In 1901 Robert Innes was unable to find NGC 1269 with the 7" refractor at Cape Town and first suggested it was identical to NGC 1291.

 

On sweep 754 (5 Dec 1836), Herschel described NGC 1291 as "Globular; vB, R, 1st gradually, then suddenly very mbM; r, mottled, but not resolved.".   In a 1908 paper in Annals of the Harvard College Observatory, Solon Bailey (director of the Boyden Observatory at Arequipa from 1893 to 1919) expressed his doubt on the object's nature: "This object is given as a globular cluster in the NGC.  This appears probable, although it is not resolved on the [24"] Bruce plates [at Arequipa]."  He later included it in a list of uncertain or not probable globular star clusters.  Photographs taken at the Helwan Observatory in Egypt between 1914 and 1916 revealed only "structureless nebulosity."

 

Photographs taken around 1920 with the 30-inch reflector at the Cordoba observatory in Argentina revealed the large outer ring.  Based on the image, Charles Perrine described NGC 1291 as "probably a spiral nebula of exceptional interest" with "a large apparently disconnected ring"...about one and one-half turns of a helix, the doubled portion (showing two streams) being to the north of the nuclear portion of the nebula.  The diameter of the helix is about 7'. The diameter or perhaps major axis at right angles to the major axis of the center portion is 10'."

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NGC 1292 = ESO 418-001 = MCG -05-08-026 = PGC 12285

03 18 14.8 -27 36 37; For

V = 12.1;  Size 3.0'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 7°

 

13.1" (10/10/86): fairly faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 SSW-NNE, bright core.  A group of four stars lies to the north includes a mag 11 double star at 24" separation 3' NE, a third mag 11 star 4.4' NNE and a mag 12 star 3' due north.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered NGC 1292 in Nov 1885 with the 6" Cooke refractor at Vanderbilt University.  His position and description in Sidereal Messenger 5, p25 ("rather faint, moderate size, elongated nearly north and south, just south and slightly preceding a small wide double-star") is accurate.

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NGC 1293 = MCG +07-07-075 = CGCG 540-116 = PGC 12597

03 21 36.4 +41 23 35; Per

V = 13.7;  Size 1.0'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.5

 

17.5" (12/3/88): faint, small, round, faint stellar nucleus.  Forms a pair with NGC 1294 2' SSE.  Member of AGC 426.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1293 = H. III-574 = h294, along with NGC 1294, on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 614).  He described both as "Two. Both very faint, stellar, very little brighter middle, but the southern [NGC 1294] is the brightest and largest."  Less than two minutes earlier he had recorded NGC 1275.  This was his only sweep through the cluster and netted just these three galaxies.

 

John Herschel made an observation on 18 Sep 1828 (sweep 182): "extremely faint; round; bright middle; the north preceding of two [with NGC 1294]."  He made an error computing the declination, but his identifications are clear.

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NGC 1294 = UGC 2694 = MCG +07-07-076 = CGCG 540-117 = PGC 12600

03 21 40.0 +41 21 36; Per

V = 13.4;  Size 1.3'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 167°

 

17.5" (12/3/88): faint, small, round, small bright core.  Forms a pair with NGC 1293 2' NNW.  Member of AGC 426.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1294 = H. III-575 = h295, along with NGC 1293, on 17 Oct 1786 (sweep 614).  He logged them together as "Two.  Both very faint, stellar, very little brighter middle, but the southern [NGC 1294] is the brightest and largest."  John Herschel mistaenly called this galaxy the "north-following of two" on 18 Sep 1828 (sweep 182).

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NGC 1295 = MCG -02-09-030 = PGC 12465

03 20 03.3 -13 59 54; Eri

V = 14.3;  Size 0.9'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 175°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 N-S, 0.6'x0.3', very small bright core.  A mag 13.5 star lies 1.3' NW.  Located 3' WSW of a mag 10.3 star and 8' N of mag 9 SAO 148906.  Forms a pair with NGC 1295 9' due east.  The identifications of NGC 1290 and NGC 1295 are reversed in the RNGC.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1295 = LM 1-102 (along with NGC 1290 = I-101) in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His description reads "mag 15.0, 0.2' dia, *10 3.0' in PA 75° (ENE)."  There is nothing at Stone's rough position (nearest minute of RA) but 1 min of RA east is MCG -02-09-030 = PGC 12465 and the star is just where he placed it.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).  This galaxy is misidentified as NGC 1290 in RNGC and MCG.

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NGC 1296 = MCG -02-09-025 = PGC 12341

03 18 49.7 -13 03 44; Eri

V = 13.5;  Size 1.2'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 0°

 

17.5" (12/30/99): faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter, weak concentration.  At 280x, there is a hint of structure or possibly a very faint star is attached.  The DSS image shows a barred spiral with spiral arms attached at the east and west ends of the bar.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1296 = LM 1-365 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory, reporting "0.2' diam, R".  His position is 34 tsec of RA east of MCG -02-09-025 = PGC 12341.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory.

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NGC 1297 = ESO 547-030 = MCG -03-09-017 = LGG 090-001 =  PGC 12373

03 19 14.2 -19 06 00; Eri

V = 11.8;  Size 2.2'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 3°

 

17.5" (8/31/86): moderately bright with a large faint halo nearly 2' diameter, broadly concentrated halo, small bright nucleus.  A mag 13.5 star is at the north edge 1' NNE of center.  Companion of NGC 1300, which lies 20' SSE.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered NGC 1297 around Jan 1885 with his 5-inch Byrne refractor while sweeping comets (Sidereal Messenger 4, p53 and The Observatory 8, p123).  He called it "small, round, and very much brighter, somewhat suddenly, in the centre.  Rather faint from its generally low altitude.  It is south following a 9th mag star by 1 1/4'. This nebula is 20'± north preceding a larger nebula.  I have taken this latter nebula to be [NGC 1300], with an error of one degree in declination."

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NGC 1298 = UGC 2683 = MCG +00-09-062 = CGCG 390-063 = PGC 12473

03 20 13.1 -02 06 51; Eri

V = 14.0;  Size 1.6'x1.3';  Surf Br = 14.7;  PA = 70°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated oval WSW-ENE, weak concentration.  NGC 1289 lies 22' WNW.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1298 on 4 Jan 1864 with the 11" refractor at Copenhagen Observatory.  His position (observed on 2 nights) is very good and he accurately measured a mag 13-14 star that precedes by 8 seconds of time.  The MCG misidentifies MCG +00-09-063 as NGC 1298.

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NGC 1299 = MCG -01-09-028 = PGC 12466

03 20 09.6 -06 15 45; Eri

V = 13.6;  Size 1.2'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 40°

 

17.5" (1/1/92): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, irregular surface brightness.  A bright knot or possibly a star is superimposed at the NE end.  The galaxy appears to extend out from the pointed NE corner towards the SW.  MCG +01-09-027 lies 14' NW.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1299 = H. II-287 = h296 on 27 Jan 1785, logging it as "F, vS, lE, easily resolvable, unequally bright."  On 15 Dec 1786 (sweep 650) he noted "vF, pS, E."

 

NGC 1299 was observed 9 times at Birr Castle, perhaps trying to resolve it.  The earliest was by assistant George Johnstone Stoney on 19 Dec 1848 and noted as "gradually brighter in the middle; E [southwest-northeast]."

 

The position angle is off by 90 deg in the RC 3.

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NGC 1300 = ESO 547-031 = MCG -03-09-018 = UGCA 66 = LGG 090-002 = PGC 12412

03 19 41.0 -19 24 40; Eri

V = 10.4;  Size 6.2'x4.1';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 106°

 

48" (10/25/14 and 10/29/16): the northern spiral arm is brightest and thickest in the 1' section, oriented SW-NE, where it attaches to the bar.  At 375x and 488x at least three knots (HII complexes) were clearly resolved along this region.  The brightest knot is on the southwest end (close to the end of the bar) and appears as a very faint, small, elongated glow, ~12"x8".  This HII complex contains NGC 1300:[H69] 16/19 from Paul Hodge's 1969 "HII Regions in Twenty Nearby Galaxies" (ApJS, 18, 73).  [H69] 15, the next brightest knot, is 0.3' NE and appeared very faint and small, ~8" diameter.  Finally, [H69] 14, the faintest knot, is near the northeast end of this arm segment (~15" NE of [H69] 15) and is extremely faint and small, 6" diameter.  The northern arm appears to fade out as it extends east (north of the core) but reappears along the eastern end of the arm.

 

The root of the southern arm at the east end of the bar is brighter and thicker, but no HII regions were resolved.  The long southern arm could be traced the full length (nearly 4') sweeping west and arcing north on its western half. A small, weak knot is at the very tip, which is 2.5' W of center (on line with the bar).

 

30" (10/15/15 - OzSky): beautiful classic barred spiral at 303x!  A prominent 3' bar runs WNW-ESE and contains a very bright, roundish 1' core that gradually brightens to the center.  An easily visible arm is attached at the east end of the bar.  It hooks sharply to the west on the south side, gradually curling towards the north.  The arm has a fairly even surface brightness except where is attaches to the bar in a brighter, thicker section.  It ends nearly due west of the core [2.2' from center].  An opposing arm is attached at the west end of the bar and is brightest initially along a clumpy section (containing at least 2 resolved knots) angling from southwest to northeast.  The central section of the northern arm (directly north of the core) has a very low surface brightness but it brightens in a thin section near the east end. The two main arms extend at least 4.5'x3' ~E-W

 

48" (10/25/11): this prototype barred spiral was mesmerizing at 375x.  Running roughly E-W through the center is a long bright bar, ~3' in length.  The center is sharply concentrated with an intensely bright 1' core that continues to increase to a stellar nucleus.  At the west end of the bar, a fairly bright arm emerges and hooks back dramatically to the east (counterclockwise) to the north of the bar and continues to the northeast end of the galaxy.  The arm is brightest in a thick arc, oriented SW-NE, where it attaches to the bar.  The central section of the arm to the north of the core is slightly fainter and then brightens slightly on its northeast end.  A mag 15.5-16 star is superimposed in the gap between this arm and the core, 45" NE of center.  The second arm emerges at the east end of the bar and is brightest initially in a fairly thick arc extending counterclockwise to the southwest.  This arm is slightly more separated from the core as it gracefully curves to the southwest side of the galaxy.  The two main arms increase the overall size of the galaxy to 5'x3' WNW-ESE.

 

17.5" (8/31/86): fairly bright, elongated ~E-W, bright core, stellar nucleus.  A spiral arm is visible at the west end of the central bar curving to the north.  NGC 1297 lies 20' NNW.

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, fairly large, elongated, low surface brightness, diffuse.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1300 = h2522 on 11 Dec 1835, recording "B; vL; 1st very gradually then pretty suddenly much brighter middle; 3' l; 2' b; mE. (N.B. These dimensions can only refer to the brighter portions.)" His second descriptions reads: "pF, vL; 1st gradually then pretty suddenly brighter middle to a faint nucleus; mE 8' or 10' l, 2' b.".  Herschel's position (2 observations) in his Cape Catalogue is accurate but in the General Catalogue he made a clerical error so his position for GC 689 = NGC 1300 was 1° too far south.  Barnard caught this error (Sidereal Messenger 4, p125) and Dreyer corrected the position while compiling the NGC.

 

NGC 1300 was missed by William Herschel - the closest galaxies he discovered were NGC 1331 and 1332, which are 2.5° SE.  It was also never observed at Birr Castle, allthough a few galaxies from -20° to -21° dec were logged (only 16° altitude on the meridian).

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NGC 1301 = ESO 547-032 = MCG -03-09-022 = PGC 12521

03 20 35.4 -18 42 58; Eri

V = 13.4;  Size 2.2'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 140°

 

17.5" (12/30/99): very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.4', weak concentration.  A mag 15 star lies 1.7' NNW of center. Located 30' NW of NGC 1297 and 44' NNW of NGC 1300.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1301 = LM 1-103 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory, logging "mag 13.0, iF, vmE 135°."  His rough position is 13' NW of  ESO 547-032 = PGC 1252, but there is no question about the identification as the position angle matches this galaxy.

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NGC 1302 = ESO 481-020 = MCG -04-08-058 = LGG 086-004 = PGC 12431

03 19 51.0 -26 03 37; For

V = 10.7;  Size 3.9'x3.7';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 172°

 

13.1" (10/10/86): fairly bright, compact, oval ~N-S, small very bright core.  A mag 11.5 star is 1.9' NE of center.  NGC 1201 and 1302 are the brightest members of the LGG 086 group.

 

8" (10/31/81): fairly faint, bright core, fairly small, round.

 

E.E. Barnard discovered NGC 1302 around Jan 1885 with his 5-inch Byrne refractor while sweeping comets (Sidereal Messenger 4, p53 and The Observatory 8, p123).  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1303 = MCG -01-09-029 = PGC 12527

03 20 40.8 -07 23 40; Eri

V = 13.9;  Size 0.8'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 20°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): faint, small, slightly elongated N-S, 30"x25".  The halo suddenly brightens to a sharp 5" nucleus.  A mag 15 star is just off the southeast side 20" from center.  Forms the northern vertex of an isosceles triangle with  mag 9.7 SAO 130433 6' SSE and mag 10.1 SAO 130427 6' WSW.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1303 on 28 Oct 1865 with an 11" refractor at Copenhagen.  His single position matches MCG -01-09-029 = PGC 12527 and his comment that "two or three stars are involved" refers to a star right along the eastern edge and probably the nucleus.

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NGC 1304 = NGC 1307 = MCG -01-09-030 = PGC 12575

03 21 12.8 -04 35 03; Eri

V = 13.7;  Size 1.3'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 130°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): very faint, small, oval WSW-ENE, weak concentration.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1304 = H. III-444 on 5 Oct 1785 (sweep 457) and logged  "eF, pS, E.".  His position (reduced by Auwers) is just 3 sec of RA east and 2' S of MCG -01-09-030 = PGC 12575.  Corwin suggests that NGC 1307, discovered by Francis Leavenworth (II-366) in 1886 is probably a duplicate observation of PGC 12575.  Leavenworth's position is 1.0 tmin east (a common error), though his note of a "*9.5 f 8s, north 3'." does not match.  But there is a mag 11.5-12 star 6 sec of RA west and 3.2' W, which might be Leavenworth's star.

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NGC 1305 = UGC 2697 = MCG +00-09-069 = CGCG 390-072 = PGC 12582

03 21 23.0 -02 19 01; Eri

V = 13.3;  Size 1.4'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 130°

 

17.5" (10/24/87): very faint, small, slightly elongated ~N-S.  A faint mag 15.5 star is 30" off the NE edge and 0.9' from center.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1305 on 4 Jan 1864 with an 11" refractor at Copenhagen, logging it as "pB, R, 20" diam, *15 near the northern end."  His position is 1' too far north.

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NGC 1306 = ESO 481-023 = PGC 12559

03 21 03.0 -25 30 45; For

V = 12.8;  Size 1.1'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.6

 

17.5" (12/30/99): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.7' diameter.  Weak, even concentration to a slightly brighter core and a faint stellar nucleus.  Located 17' WNW of mag 6.5 SAO 168493.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1306 = LM 1-103 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 14.8, vS, gradually brighter in the middle, no Nucl, *10.5 4' E."  His rough position matches ESO 481-023 = PGC 12559.  There is no star as bright as mag 10.5 to the east, but a mag 12.5 star 3.3' NE may be the intended star.  The RA was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus".

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NGC 1307 = NGC 1304 = MCG -01-09-030 = PGC 12637

03 21 12.8 -04 35 03; Eri

V = 13.7;  Size 1.3'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 130°

 

See observing notes for NGC 1304.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1307 = LM 2-366 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory, reporting "mag 15.3, 0.2' diam, R, *9.5 follows 8 sec, north 3'."  Close to his discovery position is KUG 319-47 = PGC 12637, though this galaxy may be too faint to have picked up by Leavenworth.  Corwin suggests that NGC 1307 is identical to NGC 1304, discovered earlier by William Herschel.  This brighter galaxy is 1 tmin of RA west of Leavenworth's position (a common error).  Although there is no star matching Leavenworth's description, Corwin suggests a mag 11.5-12 star 6 tsec of RA west and 3.2' north might be Leavenworth's intended star.  If Leavenworth reversed his directions, then NGC 1307 = NGC 1304.  RNGC calls NGC 1307 nonexistent. See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1308 = MCG -01-09-032 = PGC 12643

03 22 28.6 -02 45 27; Eri

V = 13.9;  Size 1.3'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 45°

 

17.5" (1/7/89): faint, small, round, weak concentration.  Located within a small group of four stars including two mag 11 stars 1.5' E and 1.9' NNW, also a pair of mag 13.5 stars lie 2' WSW.  These four stars form an isosceles trapezoid.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1308 = H. II-568 on 30 Sep 1786 (sweep 608), recording "eF, S, iF. In the midst of 3 or 4 stars; the following thereof is the brightest."  His position and description of the nearby stars is an exact match with MCG -01-09-032 = PGC 12643.

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NGC 1309 = MCG -03-09-028 = PGC 12626

03 22 06.3 -15 24 00; Eri

V = 11.5;  Size 2.2'x2.0';  Surf Br = 13.0

 

17.5" (1/1/92): fairly bright, moderately large, halo gradually increases to brighter middle, faint almost stellar nucleus, well-defined halo slightly elongated SW-NE.  Located 4' NE of mag 7.5 SAO 148921.

 

8" (11/28/81): fairly faint, small, round.  A mag 8 star is 4' SW.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1309 = H. I-106 = h2523 on 3 Oct 1785 (sweep 451), logging it as "cB, cL, irregularly round, bM, 3' diameter."  John Herschel described it as "pF, R, gradually little brighter middle, pos from a * 7 mag = 31°, difference in RA 7.5 sec, * 4' S."

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NGC 1310 = ESO 357-019 = MCG -06-08-004 = LGG 094-001 = PGC 12569

03 21 03.5 -37 06 07; For

V = 12.1;  Size 2.0'x1.5';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 95°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): faint, moderately large, the halo is slightly elongated ~E-W, 1.8'x1.4'.  The halo is weakly concentrated to a slightly brighter, 1' round core.  Located 20' WNW of NGC 1316 (Fornax A) and 8' SW of mag 9.4 SAO 194250.  Member of the Fornax I Cluster.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1310 = h2524 on 22 Oct 1835 and reported "vF, R, pL, very little brighter middle; 90 arcsec."  His position is 2' S of ESO 357-019 = PGC 12569.  On a later sweep he called it a globular cluster (three other members of the Fornax cluster were also described as globulars).  In 1915, Harold Knox-Shaw reported it was a probably not a globular cluster, but a nebula, based on a visual observation with the Reynolds reflector at the Helwan Observatory.

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NGC 1311 = ESO 200-007 = LGG 093-005 = PGC 12460

03 20 07.2 -52 11 11; Hor

V = 13.0;  Size 3.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 40°

 

24" (11/18/12 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): moderately bright, fairly large, very elongated 7:2 SW-NE, 2.2'x0.6', broad concentration with a large, brighter core but no distinct nucleus.  Located 9.5' S of mag 8.4 HD 20916.  Member of the Dorado Group.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1311 = h2525 on 24 Dec 1837, recording it as "F, mE in position 37.3 degrees; gradually brighter in the middle, 2' long, 15 arcseconds broad.".  His position and description is accurate.  NGC 1311 and NGC 1356 are included in a list of 46 nebulae recorded on two plates made with the Bruce telescope in October 1898 by DeLisle Stewart (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1899HarCi..38....1P).

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NGC 1312

03 23 41.7 +01 11 05; Tau

 

= **, Corwin.

 

Sidney Coolidge discovered NGC 1312 = HN 23 on 16 Dec 1859 with the 15-inch refractor of Harvard College Observatory during the Zone Survey of equatorial stars.  He simply noted "a circular nebulosity", but at his exact position is a double star at 03 23 41.7 +01 11 05 (J2000).  Bigourdan was unable to find this object and Karl Reinmuth, in his 1926 survey based on Heidelberg plates, mentions "perhaps *, ef * ssf vnr."  RNGC, CGCG, UGC, MCG and RC3 all misidentify UGC 2711 as NGC 1312.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1313 = ESO 082-011 = VV 436 = AM 0317-664 = PGC 12286

03 18 16.1 -66 29 53; Tuc

V = 8.7;  Size 9.1'x6.9';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 39°

 

24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this was the first object I took a look at using the 24" f/3.7 as it was the brightest galaxy I had yet to observe.  I was amazed to find a striking, two-armed barred spiral with obvious bright HII knots in the arms!  At 200x the main body of the galaxy appeared as a bright oval or wide bar ~4.5'x3.5' oriented SSW-NNE with a central bulge.  A relatively short spiral arm emerges from the south-southwest end and hooks towards the northwest.  A brighter elongated HII knot (cataloged as [PES80] 5/6), ~30"x20", is embedded within this extension.  A mag 15 star is west of the northwest end of this arm.

 

Just east of the NNE end of the main bar is another brighter HII knot ([PES80] 1), ~30"x15" and oriented E-W.  A faint star (or stellar knot) is less than 1' NW.  This bright HII region is embedded in a diffuse arm that curves gently east-southeast from the north end of the bar.  After the bright knot, this extension dims but ends at [PES80] 3, a third bright knot ~15" diameter, which is isolated at the end of the arm (nearly due east of the core).  The HII designations are from a 1980 study by Page, Edmunds and Smith in MNRAS, 193, 219.

 

NGC 1313A = ESO 83-1, located 16' SE, appeared as a fairly small, thin edge-on oriented 4:1 SSW-NNE, ~0.6'x0.15'.

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1313 = D 206 = D 207 = D 205? = h2528 on 27 Sep 1826.  He described D 207 as "a faint ill defined nebula about 1 1/2' diameter, round figure, a very minute star south slightly involved in the margin - a bright star about 20' south of the nebula."  His reduced position was 13' too far east but the declination was incorrectly transcribed, so his published position was off by 30'.  D 206 was described as "a faint ill-defined nebula, rather extended in the direction of the meridian [N-S], with several exceedingly minute stars in it."  Finally D 205 was placed 1.4° too far west and 10' small, but the description fits: "a very faint small nebula, north following a pretty bright star [mag 8.7 HD 20533]; a very minute star is between the bright star and the nebula [mag 10 SAO 248769]."

 

John Herschel only observed this bright galaxy on 2 Nov 1834 (sweep 508) and logged "pB, irreg round or little extended, vL, very gradually brighter middle, resolvable, 3'."

 

Joseph Turner observed and sketched the galaxy on 13 Nov 1878 with the 48-inch Melbourne Telescope (p.194 of logbook).  He sketched the central bar oriented N-S, broader on the south end and tapering on the east end.  Just north of end of the "bar" he sketched a small knot, probably a HII region.  A small elongated patch was seen just east of the north end of the bar, oriented NW-SE (part of the eastern spiral arm).  A symmetric elongated patch was shown just west of the south end, also oriented NW-SE (this is the brightest section of the western arm).

 

Pietro Baracchi also observed the galaxy on 4 Dec 1885 and wrote, "pB, vL, irregular, pretty much brighter middle. This object is complicated.  It seems to have appendages not quite detached from the main body but alomost separated from it by two very faint portions which seem at first void of nebula, giving a first impression of three detached nebulae, the middle of which is large, elongated due N and S and gradually pretty much brighter middle and the other two, small very faint patches one north and one south of the middle one.  The north one pretty much brighter than the south one - but these three individualities are connected by extremely faint nebulous intervals.  Another extremely faint pretty large round flat object south-preceding [NGC 1313].  I believe this is a new nebula." His sketch includes this object as a diffuse patch labeled as "New?" on the southwest side. At his position is the HII complex [PES80] 8, which is situated between the central part of the galaxy and a mag 10 star 7.6' SW of center. [PES80] 1 is also shown on the sketch as a brighter patch on the NE end of the galaxy.

 

NGC 1313 was first photographed by Delisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901 and noted as possibly a "2-branch spiral."

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NGC 1314 = MCG -01-09-033 = PGC 12650

03 22 41.2 -04 11 12; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 1.5'x1.4';  Surf Br = 14.8

 

17.5" (1/12/02): very faint, fairly small, round, 0.8' diameter.  Appears as a low surface brightness glow just north of a mag 12 star [52" from center].

 

17.5" (1/7/89): not seen.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1314 = LM 2-367 on 18 Jan 1887 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 16.0, 2.0' diameter, E 170°, mag 10 star with an eF nebula south, *16 in middle?"  There is nothing at his position but 1.1 tmin of RA west is MCG -01-09-033 = PGC 12650, a low surface brightness, face-on spiral, about 1.5' diameter and the RNGC identifies NGC 1314 = PGC 12650.  A mag 12 star is 1' S, so Leavenworth must have reversed his directions (common error).  MCG does not label MCG -01-09-033 as NGC 1314.

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NGC 1315 = ESO 548-003 = MCG -04-09-002 = LGG 097-001 = PGC 12671

03 23 06.6 -21 22 31; Eri

V = 12.4;  Size 1.6'x1.4';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

17.5" (12/28/00): moderately bright, slightly elongated NW-SE, 1.5'x1.3', moderate concentration with a bright core.  Located 21' NW of NGC 1325 in the NGC 1332 group.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1315 = h2526 on 13 Nov 1835, logging "pB, R, gradually brighter in the middle, 25 arcsec."  His position is accurate. The same night he also found NGC 1319, located 15' SE.

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NGC 1316 = Arp 154 = Fornax A = ESO 357-022 = MCG -06-08-005 = PGC 12651

03 22 41.7 -37 12 30; For

V = 8.5;  Size 12.0'x8.5';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 50°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): very bright, moderately large, oval 3:2 SW-NE, about 2.5'x1.5'.  Dominated by an intense 40"x30" core which brightens to a non-stellar nucleus.  Forms a pair with NGC 1317 6.3' N.  Brightest member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (9/25/81): bright, round, slightly elongated, small bright core.  Forms a pair with NGC 1317 7' N.

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1316 = D 548 = h2527, along with NGC 1317, on 2 Sep 1826.  He described "a rather bright, round nebula, about 1.5' diameter, gradually condensed to the centre."  On 24 Nov 1826, he noted "a group of pretty bright small stars following, which matches NGC 1316.  Dunlop discovered six members of the Fornax cluster, though most (15) were found by John Herschel.

 

John Herschel first observed the galaxy on 22 Oct 1835 (seep 636) and noted "vB; pL; lE; very small & very much brighter middle to a nucleus 2" in diameter." On 28 Nov 1837 (sweep 801) he logged "vB; vL; 4' diameter; 1st gradually, then very suddenly very much brighter towards the middle to a stellar ncl."

 

NGC 1316 is the brightest member of the Fornax cluster and is also known as Fornax A, one of the closest and most famous radio sources in the southern hemisphere.  Its radio lobes extend several degrees of sky.  Arp classified it as a disturbed galaxy with interior absorption -- like Centaurus A, NGC 1316 contains an extensive system of dust filaments as well as low surface brightness shells and tidal tails, indicating a likely merger.  Four supernovae have exploded since 1980.

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NGC 1317 = NGC 1318 = NGC 1392 = ESO 357-023 = MCG -06-08-006 = PGC 12653

03 22 44.4 -37 06 13; For

V = 11.0;  Size 2.8'x2.4';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 78°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): moderately bright, fairly small, 1.2' diameter, even concentration to a small bright core and stellar nucleus.  Forms a bright pair with NGC 1316 6.3' S.  Located at the southwest end of the Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (9/25/81): faint, small, bright core.  Forms a pair with NGC 1316 7' S.

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1317 = D 547 = h2529, along with NGC 1316, on 2 Sep 1826 with his 9" reflector from Parramatta.  He described "a small faint round nebula about 15 arcseconds in diameter." and his position is ~15' too far ENE.  John Herschel first observed the galaxy on 22 Oct 1835 and noted "pB, S, R, pretty suddenly brighter in the middle." His second sweep he recorded it as "pB, pL, 1' diameter; a miniature of the last neb. of this sweep."  Julius Schmidt independently found the galaxy on 19 Jan 1865 and thought it was new, because JH made an typo of 20 degrees in NPD for h2529 in the CGH catalogue.  JH corrected the NPD in the addendum of the catalogue, but apparently Schmidt didn't check.

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NGC 1318 = NGC 1317 = NGC 1392 = ESO 357-023 = MCG -06-08-006 = PGC 12653

03 22 44.4 -37 06 13; For

V = 11.0;  Size 2.8'x2.4';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 78°

 

See observing notes for NGC 1317.

 

Julius Schmidt found NGC 1318 on 19 Jan 1865 with the 6.2-inch refractor at the Athens Observatory in his survey of the Fornax Cluster (nebula "a" in his table).  His position is almost identical to NGC 1317 = h2529.  Schmidt assumed this nebula was "new" in his 1876 paper since he was working from John Herschel's Cape Catalogue.  In the original listing for h2529, Herschel made an typo of 20 degrees in NPD but he corrected this mistake in the addendum of the catalogue. Apparently Schmidt didn't check his correction list.  Dorothy Carlson and RNGC list this number as "Not Found".

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NGC 1319 = ESO 548-006 = MCG -04-09-003 = PGC 12708

03 23 56.5 -21 31 39; Eri

V = 12.9;  Size 1.3'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 27°

 

17.5" (12/28/00): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.6'.  Increases to a small brighter core and occasional quasi-stellar nucleus.  Located 6.8' due west of NGC 1325!  A mag 14 star lies 0.8' NW of center.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1319 = h2533 on 13 Nov 1835 and logged it as "F; S; R; bM; 15"; precedes IV-77 [NGC 1325]."  His position matches ESO 548-006 = PGC 12708

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NGC 1320 = MCG -01-09-036 = Mrk 607 = PGC 12756

03 24 48.7 -03 02 33; Eri

V = 12.5;  Size 1.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 135°

 

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly bright, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 1' length, small high surface brightness core. Forms an interacting pair with NGC 1321 1.6' N and furthest south of four in a N-S string with NGC 1322 and 1323.

 

17.5" (11/25/87): fairly faint, small, elongated NW-SE, moderate concentration, small bright core, faint halo.  First of four in the field and forms a close pair with NGC 1321 1.7' N.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1320 = H. III-197 = h298 = h2530, along with NGC 1321, on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 280).  He described the pair as "Two. Both excessively faint, verified with 240x but with 157x I had but a very distant suspicion of them."  John Herschel made observations from both Slough, England as well as the Cape of Good Hope.

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NGC 1321 = MCG -01-09-035 = Mrk 608 = PGC 12755

03 24 48.6 -03 00 56; Eri

V = 13.7;  Size 1.1'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 45°

 

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; fairly bright, elongated 5:2 E-W, 30"x12", high surface brightness.  Forms a bright pair with NGC 1320 1.7'.

 

17.5" (11/25/87): fairly faint, small, elongated ~E-W, bright core.  Appears slightly smaller but higher surface brightness than NGC 1320 1.7' S.  Second of four in the field.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1321 = H. III-196 = h297 = h2531, along with NGC 1320, on 20 Sep 1784 (sweep 280).  He described the pair as "Two. Both eF, verified with 240x but just suspected with 157x."  John Herschel observed the pair from both Slough on 16 Oct 1827 (sweep 96), as well as the Cape of Good Hope on 5 Oct 1831 (sweep 739) .

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NGC 1322 = MCG -01-09-037 = PGC 12761

03 24 54.7 -02 55 09; Eri

V = 13.5;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 100°

 

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated ~E-W, 30" diameter, small bright core increases to a very small bright nucleus.  NGC 1323 is 6' N and NGC 1320/1321 pair is ~7' SSW.

 

17.5" (11/25/87): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated, weak concentration.  Third of four in the field and appears slightly fainter than the NGC 1320/NGC 1321 pair.  NGC 1321 lies 6' SSW.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1322 = h2553 on Oct 5 1836 and logged "F, R, bM, 15", the 3rd of three [with NGC 1320 and 1322]."  His position was accurate.

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NGC 1323 = PGC 12764

03 24 56.1 -02 49 19; Eri

V = 15.0;  Size 0.9'x0.3';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 85°

 

24" (12/17/22): at 327x; faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, 20"x15".  A mag 14.5 star (close double) is 30" SW of center. Northernmost of four in a 13' N-S string with NGC 1322 5.8' S.  NGC 1320/1321 at the S end lie in the foreground.

 

17.5" (11/25/87): very faint, extremely small, round.  Located 30" NE of a mag 14 star.  Fourth of four in a group, with two pairs at different separations.  NGC 1322 and 1323 have similar redshifts.

 

Bindon Blood Stoney discovered NGC 1323 on 2 Nov 1850 (Saturday) while reobserving the field containing NGC 1320 and 1321.  Bindon may have been observing with his brother George Johnstone, as he visited Birr Castle several weekends in Fall 1850. The description reads, "suspected neb (or perhaps only a star) with a F* close sp."  It's possible Stoney found this galaxy earlier on 19 Dec 1848. He mentioned a "star or nebula about 2 1/2' north of [NGC 1322].  But the separation is nearly 6' and there is an extremely faint star 2' NNE of NGC 1322, which is more likely the object seen on that date.  The Eridanus quartet was observed a total of 14 times at Birr Castle!

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NGC 1324 = MCG -01-09-038 = PGC 12772

03 25 01.7 -05 44 44; Eri

V = 13.4;  Size 2.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 135°

 

17.5" (11/25/87): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated NW-SE, bright core.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1324 = H. III-445 = h299 on 5 Oct 1785 (sweep 457), logging "vF, pS, E."  On 8 Jan 1831 (sweep 318), John Herschel noted, "vF; pmE; 20" long, 12" broad."

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NGC 1325 = ESO 548-007 = MCG -04-09-004 = UGCA 70 = LGG 097-002 = PGC 12737

03 24 25.6 -21 32 36; Eri

V = 11.5;  Size 4.7'x1.6';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 56°

 

17.5" (12/28/00): bright, large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 3.0'x1.3', broad concentration with a large, brighter core.  A mag 11.5 star is embedded in the northeast end.  The southwest end is better defined and clearly tapers down, giving a lens-like appearance.  The edge of the halo is more ill defined to the northeast of the star.

 

Second brightest in the NGC 1332 group with NGC 1319 7' W, NGC 1325A 13' NNE, NGC 1315 21' NW and NGC 1332 29' ENE.  NGC 1325A = Holmberg VI appeared faint, large, round, diffuse glow.  Appears ~2' in diameter and brightens slightly but there is no noticeable core.

 

13.1" (10/10/86): fairly faint, pretty edge-on 3:1 SW-NE, weak concentration.  A star is attached at the northeast end and a mag 13.5 star is 1.5' SE of center.  Located in a small group with NGC 1319 6.8' W and NGC 1325A.  NGC 1325A is faint, moderately large, round, but very diffuse.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1325 = H. IV-77 = h2534 on 19 Dec 1799 (sweep 1091). He described "a star about 9 or 10m with a nebulous ray to the south-preceding side. The ray is about 1.5' long. The star may not be connected with it."  John Herschel described and sketched this galaxy from South Africa on 11 Nov 1835: "A complete telescopic comet; a perfect miniature of Halley's, only the tail is rather broader in proportion; mE; 90" l; the star at the head = 10 mag.  See fig 17, Pl VI."

 

Joseph Turner sketched the galaxy on 15 Nov 1875 using the Great Melbourne Telescope (unpublished plate II, figure 8 1/2).  He noted it appeared "much fainter than Herschel's sketch shows it - It seems to be much altered since he observed it."  Instead of the tip of the galaxy at the brighter star (called "a perfect miniature of Halley's" by Herschel), Turner sketched a thin section of the galaxy, skirting around the start and extending further northeast.

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NGC 1326 = ESO 357-026 = MCG -06-08-011 = LGG 096-008 = PGC 12709

03 23 56.4 -36 27 52; For

V = 10.5;  Size 3.9'x2.9';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 77°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): bright, fairly small, round, 1.3' diameter, well concentrated with a small bright core and bright stellar nucleus.  On a line with three mag 13 stars 2.7' and 4.2' WSW and 3.6' to the ENE.  A brighter mag 11 star lies 4.3' NNW.  Located on the SW side of the Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (9/25/81 and 10/31/81): faint, fairly small, round, bright core.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1326 = h2535 on 29 Nov 1837, recording it as "60" diameter, very small & very much brighter middle to a nucleus, ? a disc."  His position is accurate (on the SE side of the halo).

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NGC 1327 = ESO 481-026 = MCG -04-09-008 = PGC 12795

03 25 23.2 -25 40 46; For

V = 14.7;  Size 1.0'x0.3';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 176°

 

24" (12/1/13): at 260x appeared very faint, very small, elongated 3:2 N-S, 18"x12".  Visible ~80% of the time with averted.  Situated 2.5' ENE of a mag 10.7 star.  MCG -04-09-010 lies 9.4' ESE.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1327 = LM 1-105 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and placed roughly at 03h 25m -25d 41' (2000).  His description simply includes a magnitude of 16.3 for the nucleus, and the comment "neb?".  Southern Galaxy Catalogue, ESO-LV, RC3 and Uranometria 2000 (2nd edition) identify NGC 1327 = ESO 481-026 at 03 25 23.2 -25 40 46 (2000).  This galaxy is within 1 minute of RA and a reasonable match in position and description.

 

NGC 1327 was described by Delisle Stewart (based on plates taken at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901) as "3 very faint stars, close stars, no nebula." ESO/Uppsala also identified a pair of stars with a wider third star about 8' NW of this galaxy as possibly NGC 1327, although they stars are too bright to be Stone's object.  RNGC classifies this number as nonexistent and it is missing from the first edition of the Uranometria 2000.0 Atlas.  See my RNGC Corrections #6 and Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1328 = PGC 12805

03 25 39.1 -04 07 30; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 0.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 130°

 

17.5" (11/25/87): faint to fairly faint, very small, round, weak concentration, very faint stellar nucleus.  Located 4.6' SW of mag 8.7 SAO 130481.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, very small, round, slightly brighter core.  Located ~5' SW of a mag 8 star.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1328 = LM 2-368 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  His position is 0.5 tmin of RA east of PGC 12805 (typical error made in RA at Leander McCormick).

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NGC 1329 = ESO 548-015 = MCG -03-09-042 = PGC 12826

03 26 02.6 -17 35 29; Eri

V = 12.6;  Size 1.4'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 35°

 

17.5" (12/30/99): faint, small, slightly elongated SW-NE, 0.7'x0.5'.  Contains a small bright core, ~10" in size and a faint stellar nucleus with direct vision.  A mag 11.5 star lies 4.0' S.  Located 9' NE of mag 9 SAO 148955.  A faint edge-on galaxy (ESO 548-014) is attached to the mag 11.5 star but was not noticed.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1329 = h2536 on 11 Dec 1835 and commented "F, R, gradually little brighter middle, 30 arcsec.". His position matches ESO 548-015 = PGC 12826.

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NGC 1330

03 29 04.1 +41 40 30; Per

 

24" (2/14/15): at 225x appears as small, fuzzy patch with 1 star often resolving [probably the mag 15 star at the northwest end.  At 375x, a second mag 15.5 star just 15" E was cleanly resolved.  At 450x, a third mag 16 star was resolved.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1330 = St. 12-26, along with NGC 1335, on 13 Oct 1869.  His published micrometric position, which was measured on 14 Dec 1881, is 6' north of NGC 1335 and falls precisely on a group of at least four mag 15.5-16 stars and a couple of fainter ones.  RNGC and PGC misidentify CGCG 541-014 = PGC 12967 as NGC 1330.  This galaxy is located ~17' S of Stephan's position.  See my RNGC Corrections #2.

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NGC 1331 = IC 324 = ESO 548-019 = MCG -04-09-012 = LGG 097-025 = PGC 12846

03 26 28.3 -21 21 19; Eri

V = 13.4;  Size 0.9'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

13.1" (10/10/86): faint, fairly small, almost round.  Located 2' SE of NGC 1332.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1331 = H. III-959 on 19 Dec 1799 (sweep 1091).  He recorded "The second is close to it [NGC 1332], or about 1 1/2' south following the former; it is very faint, very small."  His single position on this sweep is 22 seconds of RA too small and happens to fall close to ESO 548-016 = PGC 12827, a galaxy too faint to have been seen by Herschel.

 

Joseph Turner sketched the pair on 26 Nov 1875 with the Great Melbourne Telescope (unpublished plate II, figure 9) as well as Pietro Baracchi on 7 Jan 1885.

 

Guillaume Bigourdan independently found this galaxy on 3 Dec 1888 and placed it accurately (B. 142, later IC 324).  Dreyer's wrote in "Scientific Papers of William Herschel", "This [NGC 1331] is IC 324, 11 seconds following, 1.2' S of NGC 1332.  NGC 1331 is to be struck out."  Knox-Shaw identified this galaxy as NGC 1331 (and noted the equivalence with IC 324) in his 1912 "Observations of nebulae", based  on photos with the Reynolds 30" reflector. The RNGC misidentifies ESO 548-016 as NGC 1331.

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NGC 1332 = ESO 548-018 = MCG -04-09-011 = UGCA 72 = LGG 097-003 = PGC 12838

03 26 17.1 -21 20 04; Eri

V = 10.3;  Size 4.7'x1.4';  Surf Br = 12.2;  PA = 120°

 

13.1" (10/10/86): bright, moderately large, very bright core, edge-on 4:1 NW-SE, 2.4'x0.6'.  A faint mag 14-14.5 star is just southwest of the core.  Forms a pair with NGC 1331 = IC 324 2.8' SE (collinear with the major axis).  NGC 1332 is the brightest in a group with NGC 1315, NGC 1319, NGC 1325, NGC 1331 and Holmberg VI (NGC 1325A).

 

8" (12/6/80): fairly bright, fairly small, elongated NW-SE, bright core, diffuse halo.  NGC 1331 not seen.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1332 = H. I-60 on 9 Dec 1784 (sweep 331).  He logged "very bright, small, little extended, much brighter middle."   He made a second observation using the front view (without a secondary) on 19 Dec 1799 (sweep 1091) and discovered NGC 1331. He recorded both as "Two, the 1st [NGC 1332] very bright, small bright nucleus with faint branches from np to sf."  The RA order of NGC 1331 and 1332 is reversed in the GC and NGC, despite Herschel's noting that III. 959 (NGC 1331) was 1 1/2' SE of I. 60 (NGC 1332).  So the pair is out of RA order.

 

Joseph Turner sketched the pair on 26 Nov 1875 with the Great Melbourne Telescope (unpublished plate II, figure 9) as well as Pietro Baracchi on 7 Jan 1885.

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NGC 1333 = Ced 16 = LBN 741 = vdB 17

03 29 19.7 +31 24 57; Per

Size 9'x7'

 

18" (1/20/07): fairly large, striking reflection nebula with a 10th magnitude star at the NE end.  The nebula curves to the southwest ending with a 1' brighter knot with very faint star involved near its edge.  A couple of mag 14 stars are superimposed between the mag 10 star and the knot.  The total size is roughly 7'x4'.  The surrounding region (particularly to the north) is nearly starless and clearly affected by dust.  This region has a number of Herbig-Haro objects and is an active star formation region.

 

17.5" (2/9/02): bright, interesting reflection nebula at 140x.  Apparently illuminated by a mag 10 star oddly offset at the NE end of the glow.  The appearance is irregular; extending ~10'x6' SW-NE in the general direction of a mag 10 star 11' SW.  The SW extension contains a couple of faint mag 14 stars and ends at a small, brighter knot that appears to surround a very faint star or stars.  The field is oddly void of faint stars and there is a large starless region to the north (this is the dark nebula Barnard 2).

 

17.5" (12/7/90): fairly bright reflection nebula surrounds a mag 10 star that is offset to the northeast side of the nebula.  This is a large object, about 10'x6' and elongated SW-NE.  There is a bright knot in the southwest end.  Two or three 15th magnitude stars are superimposed.

 

13.1" (11/29/86): fairly bright nebula, large, extends SSW of a mag 9.5 star, oval, slightly brighter at the south edge.

 

Eduard Schönfeld discovered NGC 1333 = Au 17 on 31 Dec 1855 with a 3-inch Fraunhofer refractor at Bonn Observatory, while measuring stars for the BD catalogue (NGC 1333 received the number BD +30° 548).  He noted it as a nebulous star.  The discovery was not announced until 1862 in AN 1391 and Auwers included it the same year as #17 in his "Verzeichnis neuer Nebelflecke" (list of new nebulae).  In the meantime Horace Tuttle independently discovered the object on 5 Feb 1859 with a 3-inch comet-seeker and Bond (director of Harvard College) announced it as new in 1859MNRAS..19..224B: "it follows a star of the 9-10 mag by 6 seconds, and is 2' north of it.  It is barely visible in a telescope of 3 in aperture."

 

In September 1862 d'Arrest noted it was as faint as a Herschel nebula of third class with the 11-inch refractor at Copenhagen, but since Tuttle's (independent) discovery was made using a 3-inch scope, he thought it might be a variable nebula (a popular topic among visual observers).  Winnecke also took the view that it "must be a new one" as it was listed neither in the Slough catalogue nor Auwers' lists.  Based on all the observations, Schönfeld reached the conclusion this case was a "...striking example of how the visibility of very faint, large diffuse nebulae depends on the magnification, air transparency and adaptation to the dark of the eye, so that, compared with ordinary fixed stars, aperture takes a back seat."  In 1914 Barnard photographed the region at Yerkes Observatory and noted the nebula appeared "roundish and not symmetrical with respect to the star - its center seems to be several minutes to the south."  Summarized from Harold Corwin's identification notes and Steinicke's "Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters".

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NGC 1334 = UGC 2759 = MCG +07-08-018 = CGCG 541-017 = PGC 13001

03 30 01.8 +41 49 57; Per

V = 13.1;  Size 1.5'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 115°

 

24" (2/14/15): at 225x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 2:1 WNW-ESE, ~0.6'x0.3', broad concentration to a brighter core, which increases to a fairly weak nucleus.  A mag 13.5-14 star is 1.0' NW of center.  A mag 15.5 star is at the eastern end [30" E of center] and a similar star is at the north edge of the core.  Located on the east side of AGC 426.

 

17.5" (1/1/92): faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WNW-ESE, bright core.  A mag 13.5 star is just off the WNW tip.  An extremely faint stellar nucleus seen for moments. NGC 1335 lies 16' SSE.  This is a possible outlying member of AGC 426.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1334 = Sw. 8-37 on 14 Feb 1863 with the 11-inch refractor at Copenhagen and logged "vF, pL, 35", No nucl. A mag 16 star precedes by 9.6 seconds due west."  His position and description matches UGC 2759 = PGC 13001.  Lewis Swift independently discovered this galaxy on 27 Oct 1888 and reported it as #37 in his 8th discovery list.  Dreyer apparently realized the equivalence with NGC 1334 as Sw. 8-37 wasn't assigned an IC designation.  See IC 323, which refers to a triple star found in the same observation.

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NGC 1335 = UGC 2762 = MCG +07-08-019 = CGCG 541-018 = PGC 13015

03 30 19.5 +41 34 22; Per

V = 13.8;  Size 1.1'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 165°

 

24" (2/14/15): fairly faint to moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:3 N-S, 30"x18".  Contains a bright, elongated small core.  Located 3' N of mag 9.0 HD 21566.

 

17.5" (1/1/92): very faint, very small, round, an extremely faint star is possibly involved, can just hold steadily with averted.  Located 4' N of mag 8.5 SAO 38888.  NGC 1336 lies 16' NNW.  Possible outlying member of AGC 426.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1335 = St. 12-27, along with NGC 1330, on 13 Oct 1869.  His rough, unpublished position is 13' to the NW of this galaxy, so the identification is not uncertain.  His published micrometric position in list 12 (#27) was reduced on 14 Dec 1881 and is accurate. UGC doesn't label this galaxy as NGC 1335.

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NGC 1336 = ESO 358-002 = MCG -06-08-016 = LGG 096-009 = PGC 12848

03 26 32.2 -35 42 50; For

V = 12.3;  Size 2.1'x1.5';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 22°

 

18" (12/22/11): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 3:2 ~N-S, 1.0'x0.7.  Broad concentration but no distinct core.  Observation may have been through thin clouds.  Located 12' WSW of mag 5.7 Chi 2 and 15' NNE of mag 6.4 Chi 1!

 

17.5" (1/12/02): moderately bright, fairly large, elongated nearly 3:2 SSW-NNE, 2.0'x1.4'.  Gradually increases to a large, brighter core.  Situated within a group of several mag 6 stars and located 13' W of mag 5.7 Chi 2 and 14' NNE of mag 6.4 Chi 1!  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1336 = h2537 on 22 Oct 1835 and recorded on his last of 3 observations "vF, lE, 40 arcsec."  His position matches ESO 358-002 = PGC 12848.

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NGC 1337 = MCG -02-09-042 = PGC 12916

03 28 05.8 -08 23 21; Eri

V = 11.9;  Size 5.8'x1.5';  Surf Br = 14.1;  PA = 145°

 

13.1" (1/28/84): fairly faint, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, even surface brightness.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1337 = Sw. 3-26 on 10 Nov 1885 with his 16" refractor and recorded "vL; vE nearly in meridian; eF."  His position matches  MCG -02-09-042 = PGC 12916, though Herbert Howe, observing with the 20" refractor at the Chamberlin Observatory in Denver, reported the elongation to be 135°.

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NGC 1338 = MCG -02-09-044 = PGC 12956

03 28 54.5 -12 09 12; Eri

V = 12.7;  Size 1.4'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 55°

 

48" (10/22/11): at 488x this bright, fairly large, roundish galaxy has an interesting structure.  Off center within the glow is a bright "bar" that extends 1' from NW to SE.  The bar contains a small bright core and a stellar nucleus.  Surrounding the bar feature is 1.2' roundish halo, that is more extensive on the SW side but with a noticeably lower surface brightness.  The halo on the NE side of the bar is brighter but smaller.  Located 2.0' W of a mag 10 star and 6' SW of mag 8.8 HD 21634.

 

17.5" (10/20/90): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, even surface brightness.  Located 2' W of a mag 10.5 star and 6' SW of mag 8.5 SAO 148982.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1338 = St. 13-24 on 18 Dec 1883.  His published micrometrical position was measured on 15 Dec 1884 and matches MCG -02-09-044 = PGC 12956.

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NGC 1339 = ESO 418-004 = MCG -05-09-004 = LGG 096-003 = PGC 12917

03 28 06.5 -32 17 11; For

V = 11.6;  Size 1.9'x1.4';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 172°

 

18" (12/22/11): fairly bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 or 3:2 ~N-S, 0.9'x0.6'.  Has a high surface brightness and evenly increases to a small bright core and stellar nucleus.  Located 6' SE of double star HJ 3578 = 9.2/12.6 at 27".

 

13.1" (10/10/86): moderately bright, very compact, round, bright core.  An uneven mag 10.5/13 double star at 30" separation lies 6' NW.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1339 = h2538 on 18 Nov 1835 and logged "pB, R, pretty suddenly little brighter middle, 40 arcsec." On a later sweep he noted "B, R, pretty suddenly much brighter middle; a double star precedes."  The double star (HJ 3578) is 5.8' NW.

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NGC 1340 = NGC 1344 = ESO 418-005 = MCG -05-09-005 = AM 0326-311 = LGG 096-004 = PGC 12923

03 28 19.1 -31 04 05; For

V = 10.4;  Size 6.0'x3.5';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 165°

 

18" (12/22/11): very bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, ~3'x1.5'.  Contains a very large, faint halo but sharply concentrated with a very bright, elongated core that increases to the center.  Mag 10 SAO 194317 lies 5.5' N and mag 9.6 HD 21668 lies 6' E.

 

17.5" (11/26/94): bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 2.3'x1.0', well concentrated with a very bright 30" round core and a bright stellar nucleus.  Forms an isosceles right triangle with mag 9.7 SAO 194325 6' E and mag 10.4 SAO 194317 5.5' N of center.  Outlying member on the north side of the Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (10/31/81): fairly faint, slightly elongated N-S.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1340 = h715 on 19 Nov 1835 and logged "vB, lE, pretty suddenly brighter middle, 45 arcsec".  There is nothing at his position but exactly 10' S is NGC 1344, which was discovered by William Herschel on 9 Oct 1790 and catalogued as H. I-257.  Herschel later observed it again at the Cape.  The equivalence was even suggested in the NGC Notes section.  Swift stated the number should be struck out as he was not able to find it at Herschel's position.  Corwin and ESO equate NGC 1340 = NGC 1344, with NGC 1344 the primary designation.

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NGC 1341 = ESO 358-008 = MCG -06-08-020 = PGC 12911

03 27 58.4 -37 08 58; For

V = 12.3;  Size 1.5'x1.3';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 134°

 

13.1" (10/10/86): fairly faint, fairly small, oval NW-SE, even surface brightness.  A mag 12 star is off the SE end 0.9' from center.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1341 = h2540 on 29 Nov 1837 and noted "F, S, R; has a star 12th mag following."  His position and description matches ESO 358-008 = PGC 12911.

 

NGC 1341 was first photographed by Delisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901 and described in a list of NGC corrections as "vE at 140°."

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NGC 1342 = Cr 40 = Mel 21 = OCL-401

03 31 36 +37 22; Per

V = 6.7;  Size 14'

 

17.5" (12/23/92): about 100 stars mag 9-14 in 15' diameter, scattered in chains and loops.  Two mag 8 stars off the NE side are probably field stars, a nice double star is at the west end.  There are several striking star lanes at low power including a long stream oriented E-W.  A line of six stars oriented NW-SE forms the SW side and terminates at an easy double star.  The NW end is near the striking double star (10.4/11.2 at 14".  The field has a large variation of magnitudes.

 

8": bright, large, scattered, consists of mag 8 stars and fainter.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1342 = H. VIII-88 = h301 on 28 Dec 1799 (sweep 1092).  He described "a cluster of coarsely scattered large stars, about 15' diameter."  This was the last open cluster that he discovered, though it was observed again on 14 Jan 1801 (sweep 1094).

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NGC 1343 = UGC 2792 = MCG +12-04-001 = CGCG 327-005 = VII Zw 8 = PGC 13384

03 37 49.7 +72 34 17; Cas

V = 12.7;  Size 2.6'x1.6';  Surf Br = 14.1;  PA = 80°

 

48" (11/2/13): bright, large, elongated 2:1 ~E-W, ~2.2'x1.1', unusually sharply concentrated with a blazing, round core ~0.4' diameter, which is punctuated by a faint stellar nucleus.  Two faint stars [14" separations] are superimposed within the eastern side of the halo and faint spiral arcs were visible in the outer halo.  An extremely faint companion, identified in NED as HFLLZOA G134.74+13.65, was seen as a very low surface brightness patch 1.2' NE of center.  A relatively wide pair of stars (h2190 = 13/14 at 15" separation) is 1' NNW of center.  This is an unusual "nuclear ring" galaxy with intense starburst activity in the ring.

 

17.5" (10/13/90): fairly faint, fairly small, large brighter core, extremely faint halo elongated 2:1 E-W.  A double star (h2190 = mag 13/14 at 15" separation) is off the NNW edge 1.0' from the center.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1343 = H. III-694 = h300 on 11 Oct 1787 (sweep 764) and noted "vF, vS, irr R, bM. 360 confirmed it."  John Herschel made two observations, recording on 29 Oct 1831 (sweep 378), "F, R, gradually brighter in the middle, 15".  Close to the double star h 2190."  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1344 = NGC 1340 = ESO 418-005 = MCG -05-09-005 = AM 0326-311 = LGG 096-004 = PGC 12923

03 28 19.6 -31 04 05; For

V = 10.4;  Size 6.0'x3.5';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 165°

 

18" (12/22/11): very bright, fairly large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, ~3'x1.5'.  Contains a very large, faint halo but sharply concentrated with a very bright, elongated core that increases to the center.  Mag 10 SAO 194317 lies 5.5' N and mag 9.6 HD 21668 lies 6' E.

 

17.5" (11/26/94): bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 2.3'x1.0', well concentrated with a very bright 30" round core and a bright stellar nucleus.  Forms an isosceles right triangle with mag 9.7 SAO 194325 6' E and mag 10.4 SAO 194317 5.5' N of center.  Outlying member on the north side of the Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (10/31/81): fairly faint, slightly elongated N-S.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1344 = H. I-257 = h2542 on 9 Oct 1790 (sweep 972). He recorded "considerably bright, irregularly round, very gradually much brighter middle, about 1.5' diameter."  His position was accurate, though for some reason the RA in the NGC is 21 seconds too large.  Precessing the 2000 coordinates back to 1790 equinox, the declination was -31° 48', making NGC 1344 the third most southerly deep sky object (second most southern galaxy after NGC 1366) that Herschel discovered.  The altitude was only 6.6° as it crossed the meridian.

 

John Herschel independently found this galaxy on 19 Nov 1835 and assumed it was new, but his position was 10' too far north and it was catalogued again as GC 715 = NGC 1340.  So, NGC 1344 = NGC 1340, with NGC 1344 the primary designation.  The RA was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus".

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NGC 1345 = ESO 548-026 = MCG -03-09-046 = UGCA 74 = VV 690 = PGC 12979

03 29 31.7 -17 46 42; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 1.5'x1.1';  Surf Br = 14.2;  PA = 33°

 

17.5" (12/30/99): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.5'.  Contains a brighter, elongated core.  A trio of mag 9.5-10.5 stars (with nearly equal sides of 4'-5') lies ~5' SW.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1345 = h2541 and noted "vF, R, pretty suddenly little brighter middle, 20 arcsec.". His position is an exact match with ESO 548-026.

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NGC 1346 = MCG -01-09-042 = KUG 0327-057 = PGC 13009

03 30 13.3 -05 32 36; Eri

V = 13.1;  Size 1.2'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 80°

 

24" (11/23/19): at 375x; fairly faint, fairly small, oval 4:3 WSW-ENE, 0.6'x0.45', very small brighter core.    A mag 13.4 star is just 0.6' W of center.  Member of a small group (USGC S125) that also incudes NGC 1355 and 1358.

 

NGC 1346 forms an interacting pair with MCG -01-09-041 only 1.6' NW.  The companion was extremely faint, elongated ~5:2 NNW-SSE, ~50"x20", very low even surface brightness and visible with averted only.

 

17.5" (11/25/87): fairly faint, very small, slightly elongated, bright core.  A mag 13.5 star is just 30" W.  Located 13' WSW of mag 8.1 SAO 130538 and 12' E of mag 9.5 SAO 130518.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1346 = St. 8b-12 on 1 Dec 1875.  He measured an accurate micrometrical position (list 8b, #12) on 15 Dec 1876 and noted it followed a mag 13 star by 2.2 seconds (of time).

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NGC 1347 = Arp 39 = VV 23a = ESO 548-027 = MCG -04-09-017 = LGG 097-005 = PGC 12989

03 29 41.8 -22 16 45; Eri

V = 13.0;  Size 1.5'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.6

 

24" (2/5/21): at 200x; fairly faint, fairly small, round, diffuse, even surface brightness.  At 260x, there was a weak central concentration.  The companion wasn't seen in very poor seeing.

 

17.5" (1/12/02): faint, moderately large, irregularly round, 1.2' diameter, weakly concentrated.  A very faint companion at the S edge was not seen.  Located 14' N of mag 6.8 HD 21760..

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1347 = LM 2-369 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 16.0, 1.0'x0.8', E 130°, suddenly brighter in the middle to a nucleus."  His position is only 8 sec of RA east of ESO 548-027 = PGC 12989 (part of Arp 39).  A very faint companion (PGC 816443) is at the south edge.

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NGC 1348 = OCL-391 = Lund 112

03 34 09 +51 25 12; Per

Size 6'

 

18" (11/23/05): at 225x, this unimpressive cluster appears ~4'x3', elongated NW to SE with roughly 20 stars resolved.  Includes two mag 10.5-11.5 stars, a few mag 12 stars with the remainder mag 13-15.  The stars are fairly evenly distributed with a couple of tight clumps of stars on the south side.  Appears fairly well detached in a low power field, though not eye-catching.  Located two degrees NE of Alpha Persei (Mirfak).

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1348 = H. VIII-84 on 28 Dec 1790 (sweep 989) and noted "a cluster of small stars, not very rich."  This is a reddened cluster (see Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.387, p.479-486, 2002) at a distance of roughly 6000 light years.

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NGC 1349 = UGC 2774 = MCG +01-09-006 = CGCG 416-013 = PGC 13088

03 31 27.5 +04 22 51; Tau

V = 13.0;  Size 0.7'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.2

 

17.5" (10/21/95): faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter, very weak even concentration to a quasi-stellar nucleus.  Located along the hypotenuse of a small right triangle formed by three mag 13.5 stars with the nearest star 1.6' SE.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1349 = Sw. 6-13 on 20 Dec 1886 with his 16" refractor and reported "eeF; S; R; between 2 stars."  His position is 10 tsec E and 1' S of UGC 2774 and this galaxy is "between 2 stars".

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NGC 1350 = ESO 358-013 = MCG -06-08-023 = PGC 13059 = Cosmic Eye Galaxy

03 31 07.9 -33 37 42; For

V = 10.3;  Size 5.2'x2.8';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 0°

 

18" (12/22/11): bright, large, oval 2:1 N-S, 3.0'x1.4'.  Sharply concentrated with a very bright oval core surrounded by a much fainter halo.  The core steadily increases to a very small, brighter, quasi-stellar nucleus.  Located 6' SW of mag 7.2 HD 21988 and  194353 and 8.7' SE of mag 8.9 HD 21898.

 

17.5" (11/26/94): bright, fairly large, elongated 3:2 N-S.  The halo appears about 3'x2' although difficult determine the exact dimensions as the halo fades gradually into the background.  Sharply concentrated with a very bright 20" round core and stellar nucleus.  A very faint star is just west of the south extension and two mag 12 stars are 2.7' SE and 3.0' E of center.  Located 6' SW of mag 7.2 SAO 194353.  Fornax I cluster member.

 

8" (10/31/81): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 N-S, bright core.

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1350 = D 591 = h2545 on 24 Nov 1826 with his 9" reflector from Parramatta, NSW. He noted (single observation) "a very faint small ill-defined nebula, south-following [preceding] a small star."   He probably was referring to the mag 7.2 star 6' NE.  His position was fairly poor, nearly 15' to the SE.

 

John Herschel observed the galaxy in his sweep of 19 Oct 1835, logging "bright, large, much elongated, but with a round nucleus much brighter than the environing faint atmosphere. PD roughly taken. Transit missed, the observation having been lost by relying on the RA given by Mr. Dunlop's Catalog (3h 25m) which is too great. That here set down is assumed at random as probably nearer the truth."  His approximate position was corrected by DeLisle Stewart based on a photograph taken between 1898 and 1901 at Harvard College Observatory's Arequipa Station and repeated in the IC 2 Notes.

 

Harold Knox-Shaw also photographed the galaxy at the Helwan Observatory between 1909-11 with the 30" Reynolds reflector and described an "oval ring with central star and traces of structure external to this in the form of either another ring or spiral arms".

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NGC 1351 = ESO 358-012 = MCG -06-08-022 = LGG 096-012 = PGC 13028

03 30 34.9 -34 51 15; For

V = 11.6;  Size 2.8'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 140°

 

18" (12/22/11): fairly bright, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 0.8'x0.5', high surface brightness.  Brightens evenly to a very small bright core and a quasi-stellar nucleus.  Located 9' SE of mag 9.4 HD 21851.

 

13.1" (10/10/86): fairly faint, fairly small, oval NW-SE, bright core.  Fornax I cluster member.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1351 = h2544 on 19 Oct 1835 and reported "pB, R, pretty suddenly brighter middle, 30 arcsec.". His position matches ESO 358-012 = PGC 13028.

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NGC 1352 = ESO 548-030 = MCG -03-10-002 = PGC 13091

03 31 32.9 -19 16 42; Eri

V = 13.3;  Size 1.0'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 134°

 

17.5" (11/17/01): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated WNW-ESE, weak concentration.  Located 4.4' NW of mag 8.4 SAO 149019.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1352 = h2543 on 11 Dec 1835 and recorded "eF; S; pretty suddenly little brighter middle; has a * 8 mag S.f. Very difficult and probably not to be seen without a recently polished mirror, such as was used in this observation."  His position and description matches ESO 548-030 = PGC 13091.

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NGC 1353 = ESO 548-031 = MCG -04-09-022 = UGCA 76 = LGG 097-007 = PGC 13108

03 32 03.0 -20 49 05; Eri

V = 11.5;  Size 3.4'x1.4';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 138°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly bright, moderately bright, elongated 5:2 NW-SE, 2.5'x1.0', large bright core, stellar nucleus.  The halo appears more extensive NW of the core.  The major axis is parallel to a mag 11.5 star off the SE end 2.8' from the center.

 

8" (11/28/81): faint, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, bright core.  A mag 12 star is 2.8' SE of center.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1353 = H. III-246 = h2546 on 9 Dec 1784 (sweep 331).  He noted "very faint, elongated, equally bright."  On 19 Dec 1799 (sweep 1091) he reported "considerably bright, considerably large, irregular figure, little elongated from np to sf." John Herschel logged it on 11 Nov 1835 as "bright, much extended, gradually much brighter middle, 90" l, 40" br.

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NGC 1354 = MCG -03-10-004 = PGC 13130

03 32 29.4 -15 13 16; Eri

V = 12.4;  Size 2.2'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 148°

 

18" (11/23/05): this galaxy was a pleasant surprise as it appeared moderately bright and large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 1.4'x0.3'.  Contains a fairly bright bulging core with fainter extensions that fade and taper at the tips (spindle shape).  A mag 14 star lies off the SE end, 1.2' S of center.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1354 = H. III-487 = h2547 on 30 Dec 1785 (sweep 499) and recorded "vF, S, E."  John Herschel called it "vF, S, lE, gradually little brighter middle, 25" diameter."  The NGC position is accurate.

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NGC 1355 = MCG -01-10-002 = PGC 13169

03 33 23.5 -04 59 55; Eri

V = 13.3;  Size 1.4'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 80°

 

17.5" (11/25/87): fairly faint, fairly small, very elongated WSW-ENE, bright core.  NGC 1358 lies 6.8' SSE.

 

13.1" (11/29/86): faint, small, edge-on WSW-ENE, bright core.

 

Samuel Hunter, LdR's assistant, discovered NGC 1355 on 27 Dec 1861.  His sketch clearly shows NGC 1355 labeled as Alpha, along with NGC 1358 (close to a double star).  Heinrich d'Arrest independently discovered NGC 1355 on 8 Oct 1864 while observing nearby NGC 1358.  He was surprised this nebula was missed by William Herschel and Lord Rosse (unaware of Hunter's observation).  Stephan recorded NGC 1355 on 22 Nov 1875 during an observation of NGC 1358, as well as Dreyer on 6 Nov 1877.  Dreyer later realized that Alpha on Hunter's diagram was d'Arrest's "nova".  Nevertheless, he credited d'Arrest and not LdR with the discovery in the GC Supplement and NGC.

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NGC 1356 = ESO 200-031 = Rose 37 = PGC 13035

03 30 40.6 -50 18 35; Hor

V = 13.0;  Size 1.4'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 149°

 

24" (4/5/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 260x appeared moderately bright and large, slightly elongated N-S, ~1.2'x1.0'.  Weak concentration, though with direct vision a faint, stellar nucleus is visible.  With careful viewing the galaxy appeared to be mottled or clumpy.

 

Forms a close pair with much fainter IC 1947 located 2.2' SW.  A mag 12.7 star lies 1.3' SW, directly between NGC 1356 and IC 1947.  IC 1947 appeared faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, ~0.5'x0.25'.  Forms the west vertex of a small triangle with the mag 12.7 star 1' NE and a mag 11.7 star 1.3' SSE.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1356 = h2549 on 23 Dec 1837 and recorded "vF, R, gradually brighter in the middle, 40 arcsec."  The next sweep he logged "vF, pL, irregular, near stars."  His first position is at the northern tip of the galaxy.

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NGC 1357 = MCG -02-10-001 = PGC 13166

03 33 17.0 -13 39 49; Eri

V = 11.5;  Size 2.8'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 85°

 

13.1" (12/7/85): fairly bright, moderately large, round, bright core.  Forms the vertex of an isosceles right triangle with mag 8.1 SAO 149035 4' NNE and mag 9.2 SAO 149028 4' WNW.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1357 = H. II-290 = h2548 on 1 Feb 1785 (sweep 364) and recorded "F, pL, R, bM, about 5 or 6' south preceding of a pretty large star."  John Herschel logged it twice from the Cape of Good Hope and noted on 8 Dec 1835 "pF, pL, R, 40", near three stars, two of which are 10th mag."  Sir Robert Ball, observing with the 72" at Birr Castle on 13 Nov 1866, remarked "cB, pL, bM, either double or with a star [correct] very closely preceding.  Observations interrupted by the superb display of shooting stars."  According to Wikipedia, the 1866 Leonids produced hundreds per minute and a few thousand per hour in Europe.

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NGC 1358 = MCG -01-10-003 = LGG 103-001 = PGC 13182

03 33 39.7 -05 05 22; Eri

V = 12.1;  Size 2.6'x2.0';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 15°

 

17.5" (11/25/87): moderately bright, moderately large, irregularly round, sharp concentration.  A pretty mag 13 double star at 15" separation is 1.7' ENE.  Located 8' W of a mag 10 star.  Forms a pair with NGC 1355 6.8' NW.  Member of the NGC 1376/1417 Group (LGG 103)

 

13.1" (11/29/86): faint, small, almost round, small bright core.  A faint double star is close east and brighter star to west.

 

13" (12/18/82): very faint, small, elongated N-S.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1358 = H. III-446 = h302 on 5 Oct 1785 (sweep 457) and noted "vF, S, between some small stars."  His position was too far south, but John Herschel measured an accurate position (two observations) copied into the NGC.

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NGC 1359 = ESO 548-039 = MCG -03-10-007 = LGG 100-001 = PGC 13190

03 33 47.2 -19 29 23; Eri

V = 12.2;  Size 2.4'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 139°

 

17.5" (11/17/01): fairly large oval 4:3 NW-SE, 3.0'x2.5' WNW-ESE, fairly low surface brightness with no significant concentration.  This galaxy has a disturbed, knotty appearance that was not picked up visually.  Brightest in a small group with ESO 548-044 8.5' NE and part of the larger NGC 1407 group.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1359 = h2550 on 12 Oct 1836 and recorded "F, L, R, very gradually little brighter middle, 2'."  His position matches ESO 548-039 = PGC 13190.

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NGC 1360 = PK 220-53.1 = ESO 482-7 = M 1-3 = PN G220.3-53.9 = Robin's Egg Nebula

03 33 14.6 -25 52 18; For

V = 9.6;  Size 460"x320"

 

18" (1/17/09): superb view at 115x and OIII filter.  Appears as a huge oval, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, extends ~6'x4', contains a bright mag 11 central star.  This showpiece planetary is clearly asymmetric and notably brighter on the NNE side in a sector extending from the center and fanning out to the north.  This brighter region is irregular in surface brightness and slightly dims before brightening along the NNE rim.  The south side is slightly fainter and contains a weaker arc or lane.

 

18" (1/1/08): at 115x; this unusual planetary is a huge oval or irregular egg-shape, ~6'x4', oriented SSW-NNE (PA ~30°) surrounding a very bright mag 11 central star.  Excellent contrast with an OIII filter as it really brings out its asymmetric structure.  The planetary is noticeably brighter in a fan-shaped wedge spreading out from the central star to the north.  At times the northeast rim appeared a bit clumpy.  The fainter south side has a slightly darker lane extending to the southeast.

 

17.5" (11/17/01): At 100x with OIII filter, this huge planetary appears a very large oval 3:2 or 4:3 SSW-NNE, ~6'x4.5' with a striking central star.  Appears clearly brighter on the north side of the central star in a section defined by a triangular wedge with apex at the central star.  The nebulosity dims a bit on the west side as well as the south.

 

17.5" (10/8/88): very bright, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE, 6'x4' diameter, very bright mag 11 central star, almost even surface brightness.  Very impressive planetary with or without OIII filter.

 

14.5" (12/17/20): bright, unusually large PN with a prominent 11th mag central star. Irregular oval or egg shape SSW-NNE, nearly 6'x4'. Noticeably brighter along the north side in a roughly triangle slice extending from the central star.  Much weaker on the SE flank. Good contrast gain at 76x and 87x using OIII and UHC filters.

 

13.1" (10/10/86): very large, oval 4:3, very bright mag 10-11 central star.  Impressive at 88x using an OIII filter.

 

13.1" (10/20/84): large, pale oval ~N-S, bright central star.  Appears moderately bright using a filter.

 

80mm finder (1/1/08): faintly visible at 25x as a dim oval glow surrounding a faint star.  Adding an OIII filter significantly increased the contrast and the outline appeared better defined.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1360 in 1859 with his 4.5-inch comet-seeker.  He didn't announce the observation until 1885, though.  Wilhelm Tempel also discovered it on 9 Oct 1861, along with NGC 1398, using his personal 4-inch Steinheil refractor from Marseille, but he didn't publish his observation either.  Friedrich August Winnecke found it again in Jan 1868 with his 3.8-inch comet-seeker, estimating a diameter of 10', as well as Eugen Block on 18 Oct 1879 (AN 2293).  Dreyer credited Winnecke with the discovery in the GC Supplement (5315).  Afterwards, Tempel published his find in 1882, claiming an earlier discovery.

 

In the March 1885 issue of "The Sidereal Messenger: A Monthly Review of Astronomy" Swift reported that "in 1859 while searching in Eridanus for comets I ran upon the most conspicuous nebulous star visible from this latitude - a 7th magnitude star nearly in the center of a bright nebulosity.  As both were so bright, I, of course, supposed they were well known.  Not until five years since was I aware that this wonderful object was not in the G.C."  Dreyer credited Swift (his earliest discovery) and Winnecke in the NGC.  So, NGC 1360 was independently "discovered" by four observers, the most (along with NGC 6364 and 7422) for any NGC number, according to Wolfgang Steinicke.  Robert Innes found it again on 8 Dec 1909 and reported it as "easily seen in the 2-inch finder as in the 9-inch" (Union Observatory, Johannesburg).  He noted it was oval nebula with the longer axis SW-NE, but apparently wasn't realize of the previous discoveries.

 

This is one the brightest objects missed by the Herschels as well as by John Dunlop.  In 1914, Hardcastle classified NGC 1360 as a spindle-shaped nebula. The following year, Knox-Shaw at the Helwan Observatory reported it wasn't a spindle but was "probably like the Owl", based on a photograph taken with the Reynolds reflector.  Minkowski first classified it as definitely a planetary in 1946. A star was incorrectly plotted at the position on the Uranometria 2000 Atlas (first edition) because the CoD and CPD catalogue (used as a source for the U2000) included the central star.

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NGC 1361 = MCG -01-10-005 = PGC 13218

03 34 17.7 -06 15 54; Eri

V = 13.9;  Size 1.6'x1.4';  Surf Br = 14.6;  PA = 39°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 0.8' diameter, weak concentration to a very small, brighter core.  Situated nearly midway between two mag 12 stars 5' NW and 5' ESE.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1361 = LM 2-370 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  His position is just 0.2 tmin east and 1' north of MCG -01-10-005 = PGC 13218.  MCG (-01-10-005) mislabels this galaxy NGC 1369.  The Uranometria Deep Sky Field Guide gives a V mag of 13.9 and a surf brightness of 14.6, but that may be too faint.

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NGC 1362 = ESO 548-041 = MCG -03-10-008 = LGG 095-001 = PGC 13196

03 33 53.0 -20 16 56; Eri

V = 12.8;  Size 1.2'x1.1';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 5°

 

17.5" (12/9/01): fairly faint, fairly small, round, 30" diameter.  Steadily increases to a small brighter core and a faint stellar nucleus.  Located 5.4' NNW of mag 8.9 SAO 168637.  First in the nearby group LGG 95 with NGC 1370 20' ESE.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1362 = h2551 on 13 Nov 1835 and recorded "vF; S; R."  His position (measured on 2 sweeps) is accurate.  William Herschel is credited with the discovery in the GC and NGC, but H. III 960 applies to NGC 1370 (see that number).

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NGC 1363 = PGC 13245

03 34 49.3 -09 50 33; Eri

V = 13.1;  Size 0.8'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.3;  PA = 45°

 

17.5" (11/17/01): fairly faint, fairly small, irregularly round, 0.7'x0.6', very weak concentration.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1364 2.3' following.  Forms the NE vertex of an equilateral triangle with mag 6.2 SAO 149047 3.3' WSW and mag 9.3 SAO 149051 3.7' S!

 

Sherburne Burnham discovered NGC 1363 = Sw. 5-54 with the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at Dearborn Observatory on 31 Dec 1877 (Memoirs of the Royal Astr Soc, Vol 44, p169).  At Burnham's offset from a nearby mag 6 star is PGC 13245.  Wilhelm Tempel independently discovered this galaxy around 1880 as well as Lewis Swift on 21 Oct 1886, who noted "forms triangle with 2 stars, one vB".  NGC 1364, a fainter companion 2.3' E, was discovered by Frank Muller (LM II-371) in 1886 with the 26-inch refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory. Muller noted the equivalence with Burnham's object in a Sidereal Messenger article (Feb 1887) that listed nebulae from Swift's 5th catalogue which had been discovered previously (acknowledged by Swift in the errata to his 6th list).  Only Burnham was credited in the NGC.

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NGC 1364 = PGC 13253

03 34 58.8 -09 50 19; Eri

V = 14.7;  Size 0.5'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.1

 

17.5" (11/17/01): very faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, no other details visible.  Forms a close pair with NGC 1363 2.3' W.  Located 5.6' ENE of mag 6.2 SAO 149047.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1364 = LM 2-371 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory while observing NGC 1363 (previously discovered by Sherburne Burnham).  His position is a good match with PGC 13253.

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NGC 1365 = ESO 358-017 = MCG -06-08-026 = VV 825 = LGG 094-007 = PGC 13179

03 33 35.9 -36 08 24; For

V = 9.6;  Size 11.2'x6.2';  Surf Br = 14.1;  PA = 32°

 

48" (10/22/11): stunning view of this huge, barred spiral with the full extent of the long, graceful arms clearly visible and a great deal of structure. The very bright bar runs nearly 3' WSW-ENE and contains an extremely bright core that increases to a striking knotty nucleus that is sliced by a dust lane running SW to NE.  The dust lane creates a mini spiral in the center with a bright elongated section south of the lane that has an "arm" attached at its northeast end that curls to the southwest.  The section of the nucleus north of the lane appears as a small but brighter arm, gently curving from SW to NE.

 

The main northern spiral arm is attached at the west end of the bar and has a bright, mottled "knot" as it emerges from the bar and heads north-northeast.  This knot contains the HII regions [H69] 23-25 from Paul Hodge's 1969 "HII Regions in Twenty Nearby Galaxies" (ApJS, 18, 73).  It was also the site of SN 2001du, a supernova discovered visually by Robert Evans.  This arm dims a bit and then brightens along a 1' strip (containing [H69] 19) just northwest of a superimposed mag 13.5 star.  The arm then dims significantly but can be easily traced a total length of 6.5', ending just southeast of a mag 13.5-14 star.

 

The main southern arm emerges on the east-northeast end of the bar as a brighter patch or OB association that contains [H69] 2,3, matching the west end.  A group of stars is just beyond this patch to the east.  The arm extends ~6.5' SW and is bordered by several stars; a mag 14.5 star is on the south edge before the middle of the arm, a mag 16 star 1.3' due south of this star and two mag 15/16 stars are on the inside (northern edge) beyond the middle of the arm. A very small, very faint knot is near the southwest tip of the arm.  The arm dims significantly at this point but bends and continues another 2' NW.

 

24" (11/18/12 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): viewed SN2012fr, a type Ia supernova, as a mag 12 star situated just 2" west and 52" north of the center of NGC 1365.

 

24" (4/5/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this is the best visual barred spiral in the sky and although it was only at 33° elevation (well past the meridian), the view was stunning at 200x with its long sweeping arms making a slashing cosmic "Z" in the eyepiece.  I was also surprised by the structure in the fairly small, extremely bright core that is embedded in the 3' E-W bar.  On the north edge of the mottled core, a very short, hooking appendage extended towards the northeast with a fainter counterpart on the southwest end.  This gave the small core the appearance of a tiny barred spiral!  At the west end of the bar a bright arm emerges, dramatically sweeping back to the NNE (sharp 110° angle) beyond a mag 13 star that is situated near the 1/3 mark of its total length.  The counterpart on the east end of the bar shoots to the southwest, reaching a faint star at its end.  The total distance between the tips of the arms is roughly 10'.

 

20" (7/8/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): At 127x and 212x, NGC 1365 appeared as an amazing two-armed barred spiral, similar to the photographic appearance.  The core is a quite bright, bulging oval embedded in a larger bar oriented ~E-W.  Attached at opposite ends of the bar are two long, graceful arms that extend quite a distance and are nearly straight.  The arm attached on the west side of the bar wraps around a mag 12.5 star about 1' NW of the core and extends well beyond towards the NNE.  The opposite arm attached on the following end is slightly fainter and shoots towards the SSW.  The tips of the outer arms dramatically increase the total size of the galaxy.

 

18" (12/30/08): although a pale imitation of the view from Australia, with careful viewing at 175x the spiral arm attached at the west end of the central bar was faintly visible sweeping to the NNE for ~3' in length.  The counterpart on the SE side was not seen.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): bright, elongated core, large, 3' diameter, very diffuse outer halo.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (1/1/84): fairly bright, fairly large, bright core, diffuse halo, broad concentration.

 

8" (9/25/81): moderately large, elongated, gradually brighter core.

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1365 = D 562 = h2552 on 2 Sep 1826.  He described "a pretty large faint round nebula, about 3 1/2' diameter, gradual slight condensation to the centre, very faint at the margin."  He made two observations but his published RA was off by a full 10 minutes of time.  His handwritten notebook positions are only 9' E and 9' SE, so he clearly made a transcription error (of 3 minutes in time) in his catalogue.  As a result, Dunlop wasn't credited with the discovery in the GC or NGC.

 

John Herschel independently discovered NGC 1365 on 28 Nov 1837 (sweep 801) and described "A very remarkable nebula. A decided link between the nebula M 51 and M 27. Centre very bright; somewhat extended; gradually very much brighter to the middle; a 13th magnitude star near the edge of the halo involved. The area of the halo very faint; general position of the longer axis 20.8 degrees. whole breadth = 3'. See Pl. IV. fig. 1."  The next night he made a second observation and logged "very bright, extended, resolvable nucleus; or has 2 or 3 stars involved; the preceding Arc is the brighter. I think the oval is in some degree filled up to the south."  His sketch clearly shows the spiral arms as bright parallel arcs (nearly straight), disconnected from the core (no bar).

 

Albert Le Sueur sketched a pair of dramatic spiral arms, central bar and core as a "Z" shaped figure using the 48-inch Great Melbourne Telescope on 30 Jan 1870 (unpublished plate VII, figure 84).  Joseph's Turner sketch (unpublished lithograph plate II, figure 10) on 2 Dec 1875 shows a distinct bar but the outer halo forms a nearly complete oval, so the overall shape is a squashed "Theta".  NGC 1365 was probably first photographed by Delisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901 and described as "! open, 2-branch spiral, double nucleus."

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NGC 1366 = LGG 096-029 = PGC 13197

03 33 53.7 -31 11 39; For

V = 12.0;  Size 2.1'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 2°

 

13.1" (10/10/86): fairly faint, small, bright core, thin faint extensions 2:1 N-S, 1.0'x0.5'.  Located 6.8' S of mag 6.2 SAO 194375.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1366 = H. III-857 = h2553 on 9 Oct 1790 (sweep 972).  He recorded "very faint, small, irregularly figure, little brighter middle."  His position is at the south edge of the galaxy.  In 2000 coordinates, NGC 1366 is the 4th most southerly object that Herschel discovered, but precessing his positions back to their discovery dates, NGC 1366 is the most southerly deep sky object that Herschel discovered (-31° 54' for 1790).  It appeared at an elevation of 6.6° as it crossed the meridian and the observation was made standing or sitting on steps on the ground, not in the observing gallery.  In the same sweep he also discovered the far southern galaxies NGC 1344 and NGC 1097 in Fornax.

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NGC 1367 = NGC 1371 = ESO 482-010 = MCG -04-09-029 = AM 0332-250 = UGCA 79 = PGC 13255

03 35 00.7 -24 56 04; For

V = 10.7;  Size 5.6'x3.9';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 135°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly bright, moderately bright, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 2.5'x1.5', halo fades into the background.  Very bright elongated core 30" diameter increases to a stellar nucleus.  A mag 8.3 star SAO 168653 (wide double at 53" with a mag 11.5 star) is 4.5' NE.  NGC 1360 lies one degree SSW.

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, moderately large, bright core, diffuse halo.

 

Ormond Stone found NGC 1367 = LM 1-106 in 1886 with the 26-inch Clark refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 13.0 [bright], *9, nf 5.0'."  His rough position is a good match with NGC 1371 (discovered by William Herschel).  This was noted by Robert Baker in his 1933 Harvard catatalogue of 985 galaxies in the Fornax and Eridanus region: "[NGC 1367 is] near NGC 1371, but the descriptions are different."  But Stone's comment about the nearby bright star clinches the equivalence.  Dorothy Carlson and Harold Corwin both concluded NGC 1371 = NGC 1367, with NGC 1371 the primary designation.

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NGC 1368 = MCG -03-10-012 = PGC 13247

03 34 58.9 -15 39 23; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 1.3'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 108°

 

18" (11/26/03): very faint, small, elongated 5:3 NW-SE, 0.7'x0.4', weak concentration, very small bright core.  Forms an isosceles triangle with a mag 14 star 1.8' ESE and a mag 14.9 2.5' NE.  NGC 1372 lies 32' SE.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1368 = LM 1-107 on 12 Nov 1885 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  His rough position falls 3' S of MCG -03-10-012 = PGC 13247.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observator.  Stephane Javelle rediscovered it on 29 Dec 1905 (unpublished J. 4-1503).  Finally, Robert Baker listed it as new in his 1937 Harvard catalogue of galaxies in Fornax and Eridanus.  MCG doesn't label this galaxy as NGC 1368.

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NGC 1369 = ESO 358-034 = MCG -06-09-004 = LGG 096-019 = PGC 13330

03 36 45.2 -36 15 24; Eri

V = 12.8;  Size 1.5'x1.4';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 12°

 

18" (12/30/08): faint, fairly small, irregularly round, ~0.9'x0.8', very weak concentration.  Located 4.3' NW of mag 7.2 HD 22621 and 39' ESE of NGC 1365.  This is a relatively bright member of the Fornax I cluster that was missed by John Herschel.  Listed as nonexistent in the RNGC due to a poor position by Julius Schmidt.

 

Julius Schmidt discovered NGC 1369 on 19 Jan 1865 with the 6.2" Plössl refractor at the Athens Observatory.  It was found during a survey on the Fornax Cluster (nebula "b" in his table). but there is nothing at his position, which is 9.4' SE of NGC 1365.  Interestingly, NGC 1365 is the previous entry in his table (AN 2097, p137) and that position is very accurate.  The entry that follows NGC 1369 is a bright star (assigned mag 5.6), which supposedly follows NGC 1369 by 7 sec in RA and 2.4' S, though its position must also be in error.  Harold Corwin found that if Schmidt made 3 minute error in RA for both objects (change 27 to 30), then NGC 1369 = ESO 358-034 = PGC 13330 and the bright star (4.5' SE) is mag 7.2 HD 22621.

 

This galaxy was listed in a table of new nebulae found between 1909-11 at the Helwan Observatory, but Knox-Shaw remarked that it was "possibly identical with [NGC] 1369."  ESO-LV (surface photometry catalogue) and RC3 identify NGC 1369 = ESO 358-034 but the ESO-Uppsala catalogue and MCG don't label this galaxy as NGC 1369. The RNGC calls this number nonexistent.

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NGC 1370 = ESO 548-048 = MCG -03-10-013 = LGG 095-002 = PGC 13265

03 35 14.5 -20 22 26; Eri

V = 12.6;  Size 1.5'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 50°

 

17.5" (12/9/01): fairly faint, small, elongated 4:3 SW-NE, 0.6'x0.4'.  Situated exactly midway between two mag 13/14 stars just off the NW and SE flanks (both ~40" from center)!  NGC 1362 lies 20' WNW.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1370 = H. III-559 = H. III-960 = h2554 on 20 Sep 1786 (sweep 597).  He logged III. 559 as "3 very small stars in a line, with vF nebulosity.  On 19 Dec 1799 (sweep 1091) he recorded III. 960 as "very faint, very small, 300x confirmed it."  His position on both sweeps are pretty close to ESO 548-048 and clearly his first description (III-559) mentioning "3 very small stars in a line" applies to this galaxy (one of the "stars" is the nucleus).

 

In the CGH catalogue, John Herschel assigned the first H-designation to h2551 (NGC 1362) and the second to h2554 (NGC 1370).  Auwers has a note to III. 559, commenting on the large discrepancy in position with h2551 (87 seconds in RA and 4' in Dec).  In the GC, Herschel decided to reverse the assignment of his father's numbers and Dreyer copied this in the NGC.  But both observations refer to NGC 1370.  John Herschel made 3 observations, recording on 11 Dec 1835, "vF; R; situated exactly between 2 stars 14th mag."

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NGC 1371 = NGC 1367 = ESO 482-010 = MCG -04-09-029 = UGCA 79 = AM 0332-250 = LGG 097-012 = PGC 13255

03 35 01.3 -24 56 00; For

V = 10.7;  Size 5.6'x3.9';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 135°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly bright, moderately bright, elongated 3:2 NW-SE, 2.5'x1.5', halo fades into the background.  Very bright elongated core 30" diameter increases to a stellar nucleus.  A mag 8.3 star SAO 168653 (wide double at 53" with a mag 11.5 star) is 4.5' NE.  NGC 1360 lies one degree SSW.

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, moderately large, bright core, diffuse halo.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1371 = H. II-262 = h2555 on 17 Nov 1784 (sweep 321) and logged "F, a little & irr E above 1' in dia."  His position is ~5' N of ESO 482-010 = PGC 13255.  John Herschel called the galaxy "B, L, R, pretty suddenly brighter middle, 2'."  He noted a 4' error in the polar distance in his working list [based on Caroline's Zone Catalogue, prepared for his sweeps].

 

Ormond Stone independently found the galaxy in 1886 and recorded LM 1-106 (later NGC 1367) as "mag 13.0 [bright], *9, nf 5.0'."  His rough position is a good match for NGC 1371 and his comment about the nearby star clinches the equivalence.  Dorothy Carlson and Harold Corwin both conclude NGC 1371 = NGC 1367, with NGC 1371 the primary designation.

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NGC 1372 = PGC 13346

03 36 59.7 -15 52 53; Eri

V = 14.3;  Size 0.6'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

18" (11/23/05): very faint, extremely small, round, 15"-20" diameter.  A mag 14.5 star lies 1' SW.  NGC 1388 lies 17' E and NGC 1368 32' WNW.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1372 = LM 1-108 on 12 Nov 1885 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  His rough position (nearest min of RA) is 0.9 tmin west of PGC 13346.  The RA was corrected based on Harvard plates taken in South Africa in Robert Baker's 1937 "Catalogue of 1113 Galaxies in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus".

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NGC 1373 = ESO 358-021 = MCG -06-08-028 = I Zw 13 = LGG 096-039 = PGC 13252

03 34 59.2 -35 10 16; For

V = 13.3;  Size 1.1'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 131°

 

18" (12/17/11): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 NW-SE, 40"x30", broad concentration.  Smallest and faintest in a trio with NGC 1374 and 1375 about 6' SE.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): very faint, extremely small.  First of three with NGC 1374 4.8' SE and NGC 1375 6.8' SE.  Member of the Fornax I cluster member.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1373 = h2556 on 29 Nov 1837 and recorded "eF, vS, the preceding of three [with NGC 1374 and 1375]."  His position is quite poor and lands at the southwest edge of NGC 1374, so clearly there was some problem with the observation.  When Julius Schmidt observed the field he measured an accurate position for NGC 1374, but was unsure of its identification and has no measurement for NGC 1373.  Still, there are only three galaxies here, and Herschel's description is appropriate for ESO 358-021 = PGC 13252.  Harold Knox-Shaw found this galaxy again on a photograph taken with the 30-inch Reynolds reflector between 1912-14 at the Helwan Observatory and reported it as new in the 1915 observatory bulletin.

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NGC 1374 = ESO 358-023 = MCG -06-08-029 = LGG 096-014 = PGC 13267

03 35 16.6 -35 13 35; For

V = 11.1;  Size 2.5'x2.3';  Surf Br = 12.9

 

18" (12/17/11): very bright, moderately large, round, 1.2' diameter.  Contains a relatively large intense core that increases to the center.  Forms a striking pair with NGC 1375 2.3' S of center.  NGC 1373 lies 4.9' NW and

 

13.1" (12/22/84): fairly bright, round, bright core.  In a close trio with NGC 1375 2' S and NGC 1373 4.8' NW.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, small, round.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1374 = h2557 (along with NGC 1373 = h2556 and NGC 1375 = h2558) on 29 Nov 1837, recording "vB, pL, lE, gradually much brighter middle, the 2nd of three." His position was 1.6' ENE of center (similar offset as NGC 1375).  In 1865 Julius Schmidt measured a more accurate position with the 6.2" refractor at the Athens Observatory.

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NGC 1375 = ESO 358-024 = MCG -06-08-030 = LGG 098-002 = PGC 13266

03 35 16.8 -35 15 57; For

V = 12.4;  Size 2.2'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 91°

 

18" (12/17/11): fairly bright, fairly large, elongated 5:2 E-W, 1.4'x0.6'.  Broad concentration with a fairly large brighter core.  Forms a striking pair with NGC 1374 2.3' N.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): fairly faint, edge-on streak 3:1 E-W.  In a trio with NGC 1374 2.4' N and NGC 1373 6.8' NW.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1375 = h2558 in the Fornax Cluster and described "B, S, lE, pretty much brighter middle; the 3d of 3 [with NGC 1373 and 137] of the same RA as the second."  His RA is 7 sec too large, but Julius Schmidt's position (measured on 19 Jan 1865 with the 6.2" refractor at the Athens Observatory and listed as nebula "c") is accurate in RA.

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NGC 1376 = MCG -01-10-011 = LGG 103-002 = PGC 13352

03 37 05.9 -05 02 34; Eri

V = 12.1;  Size 2.0'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 95°

 

17.5" (11/25/87): moderately bright, fairly large, slightly elongated, diffuse, weak concentration.    Member of the NGC 1376/1417 Group (LGG 103).

 

13.1" (12/7/85): moderately bright, round, moderately large, weak concentration, diffuse.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1376 = H. II-288 = h303 on 28 Jan 1785 (sweep 359) and logged "F, pL, irr R, r."  John Herschel measured an accurate position on 16 Oct 1827 (sweep 96), calling it "L; the faintest thing imaginable."

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NGC 1377 = ESO 548-051 = MCG -04-09-033 = LGG 097-023 = PGC 13324

03 36 39.0 -20 54 05; Eri

V = 12.5;  Size 1.8'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 92°

 

17.5" (12/9/01): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 2:1 E-W, bright core, 1.2'x0.6'.  Located 11' W of mag 9.5 SAO 168686.  Located one degree NE of 19 (Tau 5) Eridani.  Member of large LGG 97 group.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1377 = H. II-961 = h2560 on 19 Dec 1799 (sweep 1091) and noted "vF, vS."  John Herschel made two observations from the Cape of Good Hope, recording it as "F, S, R, bM, 15 arcsec."

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NGC 1378 = ESO 358-030

03 35 58.2 -35 12 40; For

 

= **, Carlson & ESO.  Not found, de Vaucouleurs

 

Julius Schmidt discovered NGC 1378 on 19 Jan 1865 with the 6.2-inch refractor at the Athens Observatory during his survey of the Fornax Cluster (nebula "d" in his table).  His position corresponds with an 11" double star (brighter component mag 13.2) and ESO, Dorothy Carlson and Harold Corwin identify NGC 1378 with these two stars.

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NGC 1379 = ESO 358-027 = MCG -06-09-001 = LGG 096-015 = PGC 13299

03 36 04.0 -35 26 29; For

V = 10.9;  Size 2.4'x2.3';  Surf Br = 12.8

 

18" (12/17/11): very bright, fairly large, round, 1.6' diameter. Well concentrated with a very bright 20" core that increases to a bright, stellar nucleus.  Slightly larger NGC 1387 lies 11.5' SE and elongated NGC 1381 is 10.5' NE.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): bright, almost round, bright core, almost stellar nucleus.  Forms a right angle with NGC 1387 11.5' SE and NGC 1381 10' NE.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, small, round, bright core.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1379 = h2561 on 25 Dec 1835 and reported a "Globular cluster, pB, R, gradually pretty much brighter middle, 70 arcsec."  His position corresponds with ESO 358-027 = PGC 13299. He also described a few other galaxies in the Fornax cluster as globulars.

 

In 1915, Harold Knox-Shaw reported it was not resolved visually and showed on continuous spectrum on a photograph taken at the Helwan Observatory with the Reynolds reflector.

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NGC 1380 = ESO 358-028 = MCG -06-09-002 = AM 0334-350 = PGC 13318

03 36 27.5 -34 58 31; For

V = 9.9;  Size 4.8'x2.3';  Surf Br = 12.4;  PA = 7°

 

18" (12/17/11): extremely bright, large, elongated ~5:3 N-S, ~3.0'x1.8'.  Sharply concentrated with an intense, elongated core that brightens to the center, though there was no evident nucleus.  A mag 13.5 star is superimposed ~0.9' SW of center.  This is one of the brightest Fornax cluster galaxies.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): very bright, elongated 2:1 N-S, bright core, faint elongated halo.  A very faint mag 14 star is SW of the core 1.2' from the center.  Member of Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (10/31/81): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated, bright core.

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1380 = D 574 = h2559 on 2 Sep 1826 with his 9" reflector at Parramatta.  He recorded "a rather faint pretty well-defined elliptical nebula, about 1' long, and 50" broad, a little brighter to the centre." His single position was well off, 19.5' too far ESE, but this is brightest single galaxy he likely picked up.  John Herschel also made a single observation on sweep 635 (19 Oct 1835) and logged, "very bright; large; round; pretty suddenly brighter towards the middle; A fine nebula." He added: "The obs. of the place like that of Dunlop 591 above was lost by setting the instrument on the place given in Mr Dunlop's Catalogue, and relying on his RA (3h 31m) which is too great, instead of sweeping over them, when they could not have escaped being regularly taken."  In 1865 Julius Schmidt measured a more accurate position with the 6.2" refractor at the Athens Observatory.

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NGC 1381 = ESO 358-029 = MCG -06-09-003 = PGC 13321

03 36 31.6 -35 17 43; For

V = 11.5;  Size 2.7'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.1;  PA = 139°

 

18" (12/17/11): fairly bright, fairly large, very elongated 3:1 NW-SE, 1.6'x0.5'.  Sharply concentrated with a small, very bright core that increases to the center.  A mag 14 star lies 1.8' SE and a similar star is 3' NW.  Situated nearly at the midpoint of a line connecting NGC 1382 10' NE and NGC 1379 10' SW.  NGC 1374/1375 pair is ~15' WNW.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): fairly bright, edge-on 3:1 NW-SE, bright core, faint elongated halo.  A mag 14 star is 1.8' SE of center.  Member of the Fornax I cluster with NGC 1379 10' SW and NGC 1387 14' SSE.

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, small, elongated.

 

Julius Schmidt discovered NGC 1381 on 19 Jan 1865 with the 6.2-inch Plössl refractor at the Athens Observatory.  It was found during his survey of the Fornax Cluster on the same night (nebula "e" in his table published in 1876).  His position is an excellent match with ESO 358-029 = PGC 13321.  Of the 11 "new" objects listed by Schmidt in his table, two are clearly duplicates (object "a" = NGC 1318 = NGC 1317 and "c" = NGC 1375).  Of the remaining 9, only 4 have accurate positions that can be matched up with certainty.

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NGC 1382 = NGC 1380B = ESO 358-037 = MCG -06-09-009 = PGC 13354

03 37 09.0 -35 11 42; For

V = 12.9;  Size 1.5'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 179°

 

18" (12/17/11): fairly faint, moderately large, round, 0.8' diameter.  Fairly low surface brightness with only a broad, mild concentration and no core or zones.  NGC 1381 lies 9.6' SW.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): very faint, round, fairly small, very diffuse.  On a line with NGC 1381 9.5' SW and NGC 1379 20' SW.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

Julius Schmidt discovered NGC 1382 on 19 Jan 1865 with the 6.2-inch Plössl refractor at the Athens Observatory.  It was found during a survey of the Fornax Cluster (nebula "f" in his table).  There is nothing at his position, but 37 seconds of RA east and 1.7' S is ESO 358-037.  This is the only reasonable candidate but his position for NGC 1381 (the previous object is his list) is accurate, so the identification NGC 1382 = ESO 358-037 is uncertain.

 

Harold Knox-Shaw found this galaxy again on a photograph taken with the 30-inch Reynolds reflector between 1912-14 at the Helwan Observatory and reported it as new in the 1915 observatory bulletin.  de Vaucouleurs called this galaxy NGC 1380B in his 1956 "Survey of Bright Galaxies South of -35° Declination", based on Mt Stromlo plates. See Harold Corwin's notes for more.

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NGC 1383 = ESO 548-053 = MCG -03-10-015 = PGC 13377

03 37 39.2 -18 20 22; Eri

V = 12.5;  Size 1.9'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 91°

 

17.5" (12/11/99): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 E-W, 1.0'x0.6', well concentrated.  Situated between two mag 13/14.5 stars 1.5' SW and NE.  First in a group of 7 NGC galaxies including NGC 1400 and NGC 1407.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1383 = h2562 on 11 Dec 1835 and recorded "pF, vS, R, pretty suddenly much brighter middle." His position is accurate.

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NGC 1384 = MCG +03-10-003 = CGCG 465-004 = PGC 13448

03 39 13.5 +15 49 08; Tau

V = 14.4;  Size 0.8'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 145°

 

17.5" (11/2/91): very faint, very small, round.  A mag 13.5 star is 1.2' WNW of center.  Located 3.5' WSW of mag 8.6 SAO 93537.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1384 = m 90 on 20 Oct 1864 with William Lassell's 48" on Malta and noted a "neb * 13."  His position falls very close to a faint, unequal double star but Harold Corwin notes that 1.6' S is CGCG 465-004 = PGC 13448 and this galaxy has a mag 13.5 star superimposed (mentioned in my visual notes) that matches Marth's description.

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NGC 1385 = ESO 482-016 = MCG -04-09-036 = LGG 097-013 = PGC 13368

03 37 28.8 -24 30 07; For

V = 10.9;  Size 3.4'x2.0';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 165°

 

48" (10/29/19): at 610x; very bright, large, excellent spiral with an unusual, chaotic appearance!  Overall, the galaxy is elongated ~5:3 N-S, ~3.0'x1.8', with a prominent thick bar running ~E-W through the center.  A small, bright knot is close north of the west end of the bar.

 

A brighter, elongated patch (probably a short section of a spiral arm) was easily seen extending north of the bar.  Only the initial part of the southern arm attached to the west end of the bar was visible.  The main, long spiral arm was rooted on the east end of the bar and stretched well north of the central region.  Its surface brightness seemed irregular or patchy.  The arm faded and was less defined as it curled clockwise and spread west on the north end of the halo.  The south portion of the halo was faint overall (due to dust) but displayed a semi-circular outline due to the very low surface brightness southern arm.

 

LEDA 788671 was picked up 3.5' S of NGC 1385.  This small galaxy was faint (B = 16.4) and ~12" in diameter.

 

17.5" (11/26/94): fairly bright, moderately large.  Dimensions are 2.5'x2.0' slightly elongated N-S, but with an irregular appearance.  A bright bar appears to extend through the galaxy WNW-ESE surrounded by an irregular patchy halo more elongated N-S.  Spiral structure is strongly suggested with a spiral arm on the NE side.  The galaxy appears more extensive north of the bar.  Located within a 10' string of four mag 11-12 stars oriented SW-NE.

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, fairly small, brighter core.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1385 = H. II-263 = h2563 on 17 Nov 1784 (sweep 321) and recorded "F but less bright than the last [NGC 1371], bM, about 1.5' dia."  His position is 4' too far north-northwest.  John Herschel called this object "B, R, gradually pretty much brighter middle, 40 arcsec" and measured an accurate position.

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NGC 1386 = ESO 358-035 = MCG -06-09-005 = LGG 098-003 = PGC 13333

03 36 46.2 -35 59 58; Eri

V = 11.2;  Size 3.4'x1.3';  Surf Br = 12.7;  PA = 25°

 

18" (12/17/11): bright or very bright, large, elongated 5:2 SW-NE, 2.5'x1.0'.  Gradually brighter outer halo, then sharply concentrated with a very bright, elongated core that increases towards the center.  NGC 1389 lies 16' NNE.

 

13.1" (1/1/84): moderately bright, elongated 2:1 SW-NE, bright core.  NGC 1389 lies 16' NNE and NGC 1369 15' S (not observed).  Located 5.2' NNW of mag 9.5 SAO 194401.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (1/1/84): fairly faint, bright core, almost round.

 

Julius Schmidt discovered NGC 1386 on 19 Jan 1865 with the 6.2-inch Plössl refractor at the Athens Observatory during his survey of the Fornax Cluster (nebula "g" in his table). His position is at the east edge of ESO 358-035 = PGC 13333.

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NGC 1387 = ESO 358-036 = MCG -06-09-007 = LGG 096-016 = PGC 13344

03 36 56.8 -35 30 24; For

V = 10.7;  Size 2.8'x2.8';  Surf Br = 12.8

 

18" (12/17/11): at 285x appeared bright to very bright, fairly large, round, 2' diameter.  Sharply concentrated with a very bright 25"-30" core that increases to a stellar or quasi-stellar nucleus.  Bracketed at low power by NGC 1379 11.5' WNW and NGC 1399 19' ENE.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): moderately bright, small, round, possible faint stellar nucleus.  Member of Fornax I cluster.  NGC 1381 lies 14' NNW and NGC 1379 11.5' WNW.

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, small, round, broad concentration.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1387 = h2564 on 25 Dec 1835 and described a "globular cluster, vB, R, gradually much brighter middle, 90 arcseconds, A globular cluster in all probability identical with this, was also seen in Sweep 636, while searching beyond the meridian for Dunlop 562."  His position is accurate.  He also described a few other galaxies in the Fornax cluster as globulars (NGCs 1310, 1379, 1399 and 1436). In 1915 Knox-Shaw reported it was similar to 1380 and 1399 "and probably a nebula", based on a photograph as well as a visual observation with the 30-inch Reynolds reflector at the Helwan Observatory.

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NGC 1388 = PGC 13402

03 38 12.0 -15 53 58; Eri

V = 13.9;  Size 0.7'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.1

 

17.5" (12/9/01): very faint, small, round, 20" diameter.  Forms the eastern vertex of a triangle with a mag 11.5 star 4.5' W and a mag 13 star 3' SW.  NGC 1372 lies 17' W.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1388 = LM 1-109 on 12 Nov 1885 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  His rough position (nearest min of RA) happens to be fairly accurate in this case, falling 2.4' SE of PGC 13402.

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NGC 1389 = ESO 358-038 = MCG -06-09-010 = LGG 098-004 = PGC 13360

03 37 11.7 -35 44 46; Eri

V = 11.5;  Size 2.3'x1.4';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 30°

 

18" (12/17/11): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, 60"x40".  Moderately concentrated with a brighter core and a thin fainter halo.  Forms the SW vertex of a trapezoid with a mag 10 star 3' N, and two mag 12 stars 3' E and 3.7' NE.

 

13.1" (1/1/84): moderately bright, small, almost round, weak concentration.  Member of Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (1/1/84): faint, small, round.

 

Julius Schmidt discovered NGC 1389 on 19 Jan 1865 with the 6.2-inch Plössl refractor at the Athens Observatory.  It was found during his survey of the Fornax Cluster (nebula "h" on his list).  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1390 = ESO 548-054 = MCG -03-10-017 = LGG 095-003 = PGC 13386

03 37 52.1 -19 00 30; Eri

V = 13.7;  Size 1.4'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 19°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 SSW-NNE, 1.0'x0.4'.  Very weak concentration along the major axis.  Situated 6' N of a mag 9.8 star and ~40' SW of the NGC 1407 group.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1390 = LM 2-372 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and noted "mag 14.0, 1.0'x0.6', E 260°."  There is nothing at his position but 16 sec of RA west and 2' N is ESO 548-054 = PGC 13386, the only nearby candidate.  His PA is in error (should read 20°, instead of 260°).  The RA was corrected in Robert Baker's 1937 "Catalogue of 1113 Galaxies in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus".

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NGC 1391 = ESO 548-059 = MCG -03-10-020 = PGC 13436

03 38 52.9 -18 21 15; Eri

V = 13.3;  Size 1.1'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 65°

 

17.5" (12/11/99): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~E-W, very weak concentration.  Located between NGC 1393 5.6' SW and NGC 1394 5.0' NE in the NGC 1407 group.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1391 = LM 2-373 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory.  His description reads "mag 15.4, 0.4' dia, R, gradually brighter middle to a nucleus, 1st of 3, one of which is GC 742 [NGC 1383].  There is nothing at his position, but 28 tsec of RA east is ESO 548-059 = PGC 13436 and Ormond Stone's micrometrically measured RA matches this galaxy.  Leavenworth described NGC 1391 as the "1st of 3, one of which is GC 742 [NGC 1383]", but it should read "2nd of 3" as NGC 1393 is further west.  Herbert Howe caught this error in his NGC visual survey.

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NGC 1392 = NGC 1317 = NGC 1318 = ESO 357-023 = MCG -06-08-006 = PGC 12653

03 22 44.4 -37 06 13; For

V = 11.0;  Size 2.8'x2.4';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 78°

 

See observing notes for NGC 1317.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1392 = Sw. 6-15 on 13 Feb 1887, along with Sw. 6-14, and recorded "vF; pS; R."  There is nothing at his position, though Sw. 6-15 was placed ~4.5' N of brighter VI-14.  Swift has a long note at the end of his 6th list about VI-14 and VI-15. He assumed VI-14 referred to the "Great Southern Comet" 1887-I, though he found it 3° south of the predicted place. At the end of his paper, H.C.F. Kreutz remarked that the most recent orbital calculations placed Swift's nebula 38 minutes of RA east and 4° south of the position of the comet, so they were likely not related.  More of the story which follows, is gleaned from Gary Kronk's book on Lewis Swift and Harold Corwin's IC identification notes.

 

In the following volume of Astronomische Nachrichten (AN 118, 203), Swift wrote (17 Dec) "I have made two unsuccessful attempts to refind the two objects one of which I thought was very probably Comet 1887-I.  The seeing on both occasions were fairly good but not equal that when seen which was exceptionally fine.  I am therefore not surprised that the faintest one was not seen as it was a very faint object and though so near the suspected comet was not noticed for some little time.  In fact I begin to fear I shall never see the faint one again in consequence of an increased number of electric street lights south of and not far from the observatory."

 

Barnard also searched for Swift's nebulae and reported on 19 November (AN 118, 173) he strongly suspected Swift's positions were erroneous as he searched for the comet unsuccessfully on 11 and 12 February and would have picked up a brighter object when he covered Swift's position.  After later receiving a letter from Swift, he specifically searched for the nebulae again on the 15th of November with a 6.4-inch refractor (at Vanderbilt) and found nothing at Swift's position.  But expanding his search area he found two nebulae with the same relative positions and appropriate descriptions that "seems to me that these are Swift's objects".  A note was added by A. Krueger, AN's editor, that based on Barnard's position, the two nebulae are GC 697 and 698 (= NGC 1316 and 1317).  This would imply Swift made a very large error of 15 minutes of time in RA (too far east), but otherwise these galaxies are a good match with Swift's description and relative positions!

 

Swift was apparently quite upset by Barnard's remarks and responded in the AN 118 note (5 Jan 1888) that the previous night he observed Barnard's nebulae and "they bear about as much resemblance to mine as the Orion nebula does to the Andromeda nebula. I am now more thoroughly convinced that the suspected object was a comet than I was at first and highly probably was comet 1887 I."  Despite Swift's comments, the most likely conclusion is NGC 1392 = NGC 1317 and Sw. 6-14 = NGC 1316.

 

ESO misidentifies ESO 358-040 (1° north of Swift's position) as NGC 1392.  RNGC misidentifies ESO 358-034 (53' SSE of Swift's position) as NGC 1392.

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NGC 1393 = ESO 548-058 = MCG -03-10-019 = PGC 13425

03 38 38.5 -18 25 41; Eri

V = 12.0;  Size 1.9'x1.3';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 170°

 

17.5" (12/11/99): moderately bright, moderately large, slightly elongated ~N-S, 1' diameter, bright core.  Member of the NGC 1407 group. First of three on a line with NGC 1391 5.6' NE and NGC 1394 10' NE.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1393 = H. III-451 = h2565 on 6 Oct 1785 (sweep 459) and recorded "vF, S, R."  John Herschel logged "pF, R, gradually little brighter middle, 30" diameter."  Both Herschels missed nearby NGC 1391 and NGC 1394 to the NE.

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NGC 1394 = ESO 548-060 = MCG -03-10-021 = PGC 13444

03 39 06.9 -18 17 32; Eri

V = 12.8;  Size 1.3'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.1;  PA = 5°

 

17.5" (12/11/99): fairly faint, elongated 2:1 SSW-NNE, 0.8'x0.4', small bright core.  A mag 13 star lies 1.6' N.  Third of three on a line with NGC 1393 and NGC 1391.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1394 = LM 2-374 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 14.5, 0.4'x0.2', E 170°, suddenly brighter in the middle to a nucleus, 3rd of 3."  There is nothing at his position, but 30 seconds of time further east is ESO 548-060 = PGC 13444 and his description matches this galaxy (PA should read 10°).  Ormond Stone's corrected position in the IC 1 notes is accurate.

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NGC 1395 = ESO 482-019 = MCG -04-09-039 = AM 0336-231 = LGG 097-009 = PGC 13419

03 38 29.8 -23 01 41; Eri

V = 9.6;  Size 5.9'x4.5';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 126°

 

13.1" (10/10/86): bright, fairly small, oval 4:3 ~E-W, very bright core, fainter halo.  Two faint mag 14 stars lie on the west and north edges 1.0' from center.  Brightest in a group of five with NGC 1401, NGC 1403, NGC 1415 and NGC 1416 and the leading member of the larger Eridanus Group.

 

8" (10/31/81): fairly bright, small, round, small bright core.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1395 = H. I-58 = h2566 on 17 Nov 1784 (sweep 321) and logged "B, S, lE, mbM."  John Herschel recorded "vB, pmE, pretty suddenly much brighter middle, 60" long", and measured an accurate position (2 sweeps).

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NGC 1396 = LGG 098-006 = PGC 13398

03 38 06.5 -35 26 24; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 0.7'x0.4';  Surf Br = 12.3;  PA = 90°

 

18" (12/17/11): extremely faint, small, slightly elongated, ~20" diameter, low surface brightness.  Requires averted vision and no details were visible.  Located just 4.7' W of NGC 1399 (second brightest galaxy in the Fornax cluster).

 

18" (12/30/08): extremely faint, very small, slightly elongated, 20"x15".  Required averted to glimpse though the observation may have been affected by clouds or contrails.  Located 4.7' W of NGC 1399 in the Fornax I cluster.

 

Note: this identification is very unlikely and the number should probably be classified as "lost".

 

Julius Schmidt discovered NGC 1396 on 19 Jan 1865 with the 6.2-inch Plössl refractor at the Athens Observatory during his survey of the Fornax Cluster (nebula "i" in his table).  There is nothing at his position of 03 38 01 -35 40 17 (2000), and the RNGC classifies NGC 1396 as nonexistent.  The Southern Galaxy Catalogue and RC3, though, identify PGC 13398 as NGC 1396.  PGC 13398 is 14' due north of Schmidt's location and places NGC 1396 just 5' WNW of the bright elliptical NGC 1399.

 

But I'm not convinced that Schmidt could have picked up this galaxy with a 6-inch refractor as it was extremely faint in my 18-inch.  Harold Corwin took another look at the SGC galaxy in September 2017 and is now also skeptical this is the object seen by Schmidt.  See Harold Corwin's historical notes and my RNGC Corrections #6. 

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NGC 1397 = MCG -01-10-017 = PGC 13485

03 39 47.2 -04 40 12; Eri

V = 13.7;  Size 1.5'x1.5';  Surf Br = 14.4

 

17.5" (11/25/87): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated NW-SE, weak concentration.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1397 = H. III-569 on 30 Sep 1786 (sweep 608) and recorded "eF, lE, easily resolvable."  His position (re-reduced by Auwers) is just 1.3' NE of MCG -01-10-017 = PGC 13485.  JH thought his observation of h305 applied to this galaxy, but actually he discovered IC 344.

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NGC 1398 = ESO 482-022 = MCG -04-09-040 = PGC 13434

03 38 52.0 -26 20 13; For

V = 9.7;  Size 7.1'x5.4';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 100°

 

17.5" (11/26/94): very bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1, 2.2'x1.1', well concentrated with a very bright 30" rounder core and a stellar nucleus.  NGC 1360 lies 1.3° NW.  This galaxy has a beautiful inner and outer ring structure on deep images.

 

14.5" (12/17/20): bright, large, slightly elongated central region at least 1.5' diameter.  Strongly and sharply concentrated with a very bright inner core that increases to an intense stellar nucleus.  The outer halo is very diffuse and difficult to judge diameter but perhaps 2.5' to 3'.

 

8" (10/31/81): fairly bright, moderately large, round, bright core.

 

Wilhelm Tempel discovered NGC 1398, along with an independent discovery of NGC 1360, on 9 Oct 1861 using his personal 4-inch Steinheil refractor from Marseilles.  Tempel didn't announce the discovery until May 1882.  In the meantime it was independently found by Friedrich August Winnecke on 17 Dec 1868 with a 4.5-inch refractor by Reinfelder & Hertel at Karlsruhe.  It was also found by Eugen Block (announced in AN 2287) on 18 Oct 1879 with a 4-inch refractor at Odessa.  This is the brightest galaxy discovered by Tempel (V = 9.7) and the most southerly.

 

Based on plates taken at the Helwan observatory in 1927-31, NGC 1398 was described as an "oval ring 5' diameter, surrounding a faint, disc 1.5' diameter with a vB central almost stellar ncl, 1/2' with a pF axis E 10°."

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NGC 1399 = ESO 358-045 = MCG -06-09-012 = LGG 096-017 = PGC 13418

03 38 29.0 -35 27 04; For

V = 9.6;  Size 6.9'x6.5';  Surf Br = 13.7

 

18" (12/17/11): very bright, large, round, 3' diameter.  The outer halo has a fairly low surface brightness but the central portion is sharply concentrated with a very bright 35" core.  The core continues to brighten significantly to a quasi-stellar nucleus.  A star is superimposed less than 20" NNE of center.  Brighter of a pair with NGC 1404 10' SSE.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): bright, large faint halo is broadly concentrated, brighter core.  A star is superimposed 0.3' N of the center.  This galaxy is the second brightest and second largest in the core of the Fornax I cluster.  NGC 1404 is 10' SE.

 

8" (10/31/81): fairly bright, round, bright core.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1399 = h2569 on 22 Oct 1835 and recorded a "globular cluster, vB, pL, pretty suddenly brighter middle, resolvable or resolved, 2'."  He also described a few other galaxies in the Fornax cluster as globulars (NGCs 1310, 1379, 1387 and 1436).  In 1915, Harold Knox-Shaw reported it was not resolved visually awith the 30-inch Reynolds reflector at the Helwan Observatory.

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NGC 1400 = ESO 548-062 = MCG -03-10-022 = PGC 13470

03 39 30.8 -18 41 17; Eri

V = 11.0;  Size 2.3'x2.0';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 40°

 

17.5" (12/11/99): fairly bright, moderately large, slightly elongated, brighter core, stellar nucleus. Smaller and fainter than NGC 1407 11' NE.  Possible member of the NGC 1407 group.

 

13.1" (1/18/85): moderately bright, small, round, bright core, stellar nucleus, small faint halo.  Forms a wide pair with NGC 1407 11.6' NE. 

 

8" (10/31/81): faint, very small, round.  Situated 11' SW of NGC 1407.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1400 = H. II-593 = h2567 on 20 Sep 1786 (sweep 597) and recorded "pB, pS, R, resembling the following [NGC 1407], but much less."  John Herschel noted "B, R, pretty suddenly much brighter middle, 30"."

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NGC 1401 = ESO 482-026 = MCG -04-09-042 = LGG 097-010 = PGC 13457

03 39 21.9 -22 43 29; Eri

V = 12.3;  Size 2.4'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 130°

 

13.1" (10/10/86): faint, small, edge-on 4:1 NW-SE, bright core.  A mag 13.5 star is just 0.4' N of center.  NGC 1403 lies 20' N.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1401 = H. III-247 = h2568 on 9 Dec 1784 (sweep 331) and noted "eF, vS."  His RA was 23 seconds too large, but John Herschel measured an accurate position.  I'm surprised neither noted the elongation.

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NGC 1402 = ESO 548-061 = MCG -03-10-023 = PGC 13467

03 39 30.5 -18 31 37; Eri

V = 13.6;  Size 0.8'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 88°

 

17.5" (12/11/99): fairly faint, small, round, gradually increases to a small brighter core.  Located 10' S of NGC 1400 in a group.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1402 = LM 2-376 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  His position essentially matches ESO 548-061 = PGC 13467.

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NGC 1403 = ESO 482-025 = MCG -04-09-041 = PGC 13445

03 39 10.8 -22 23 18; Eri

V = 12.7;  Size 1.3'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 175°

 

17.5" (11/2/91): fairly faint, small, 40" diameter, small bright core surrounded by a very faint halo, almost stellar nucleus.  A mag 14.5 star is just off the west edge 30" from the center.  A bright wide double star mag 8/10.5 at 30" is located 4' NNE.  NGC 1401 lies 20' S.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1403 = LM 2-375 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  His RA was 0.2 minutes of time too large and it was corrected in Robert Baker's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus".

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NGC 1404 = ESO 358-046 = MCG -06-09-013 = LGG 094-012 = PGC 13433

03 38 52.1 -35 35 38; For

V = 10.0;  Size 3.3'x3.0';  Surf Br = 12.5

 

18" (12/17/11): very bright, moderately large, round, 1.5' diameter.  The outer halo gradually increases then brightens fairly rapidly to a small, very bright core.  The core increases to the center but a stellar nucleus wasn't seen.  A mag 12-12.5 star is 45" SE, at the edge of the halo.  Mag 8.1 HD 22862 lies 2.8' SE.  NGC 1404 is smaller but has an overall higher surface brightness than NGC 1399, located 10' NNW.  NGC 1396 lies 4.6' W.

 

At 285x, supernova 2011iv, discovered on Dec 2, was easily visible just 7" W and 8" N of center.  The supernova was similar in brightness to the mag 12-12.5 star at or just off the southeast edge of the halo.

 

13.1" (12/22/84): bright, fairly small, round, bright core.  Located just 2.8' NNW of mag 8.1 SAO 194428.  NGC 1399 lies 10' NW.  Member of Fornax I cluster.

 

8" (10/31/81): fairly bright, small, round, bright core.  A mag 8 star is close SSE.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1404 = h2571 on 28 Nov 1837 and recorded (the following night) "vB, R, pretty suddenly much brighter middle, 40", has a star N.f."  His RA was 12 seconds too large and the star is south following but this identification is certain.  In 1865 Julius Schmidt measured a more accurate position with the 6.2" refractor at the Athens Observatory, though he initially reported it as a new nebula.  His later table in 1876 correctly identifies it as h2571.

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NGC 1405 = MCG -03-10-028 = PGC 13512

03 40 18.9 -15 31 48; Eri

V = 15.6;  Size 1.5'x0.5';  Surf Br = 15.1;  PA = 153°

 

17.5" (12/9/01): extremely faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, 0.6'x0.3'.  Requires averted to glimpse.  Located 5' NNE of brighter NGC 1413.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1405 = LM 1-110, along with NGC 1413, on 26 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick.  He logged "mag 16.0, pL, vE 150°, gradually little brighter middle, sev vF st inv."  His rough position (nearest minute of RA) is accurate and the position angle matches, though no are stars involved (noted first by Herbert Howe in 1900).  Howe measured an accurate RA in 1899-00 at Denver.

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NGC 1406 = ESO 418-015 = MCG -05-09-020 = UGCA 83 = AM 0337-312 = LGG 096-030 = PGC 13458

03 39 23.1 -31 19 18; For

V = 11.8;  Size 3.8'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 15°

 

13.1" (1/18/85): fairly faint, edge-on 5:1 SSW-NNE, moderately large, 3.0'x0.6, brighter core, dims at ends of extensions.  Located 16' ESE of mag 7.4 SAO 194416.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1406 = h2572 on 18 Nov 1835 and accurately recorded "F, vmE, very gradually little brighter middle, 2' l, 20" br; *7 mag precedes in parallel."

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NGC 1407 = ESO 548-067 = MCG -03-10-030 = LGG 100-004 = PGC 13505

03 40 11.8 -18 34 48; Eri

V = 9.7;  Size 4.6'x4.3';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 35°

 

24" (1/1/19): at 260x; very bright, very large, round, 2.5'-3' diameter.  The galaxy displayed three distinct brightness zones that were sharply delineated.  The large halo was fairly smooth, but the sharply concentrated with a very bright core.  The core has a sharp brightness spike with an extremely bright nucleus!

 

A number of galaxies are nearby including NGC 1400 11.5' SW, NGC 1402 10' WNW, IC 343 8' N, IC 345 21' NE, IC 346 29' NE and several more.

 

17.5" (12/11/99): bright, moderately large, round, 1.5' diameter, bright core, nearly stellar nucleus.  Brightest in the NGC 1407 Group (LGG 100), which includes 8 NGC galaxies and IC 343.

 

13.1" (1/18/85): bright, fairly small, bright core, stellar nucleus.  Forms a wide pair with NGC 1400 11.6' SW. 

 

8" (10/31/81): bright, small, round, small bright core.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1407 = H. I-107 = h2570 on 6 Oct 1785 (sweep 459).  He recorded "B, R, mbM or large nucleus, about 1.5' diameter." He included his sketch (fig. 28) in his 1811 PT publication as an example of "Nebulae that have a Nucleus".  John Herschel called it "vB, L, R, first very gradually then very small, very much brighter middle; 3' diameter."

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NGC 1408 = ESO 358-048

03 39 24 -35 31; For

 

= Not found, RNGC, Corwin and ESO.

 

Julius Schmidt discovered NGC 1408 on 19 Jan 1865 with the 6.2-inch refractor at the Athens Observatory during his survey of the Fornax Cluster (nebula "k" in his table).  There is nothing near his position, though a 20" pair of mag 14.5/15.5 stars is 1.6' NW and a slightly close pair of mag 13.5/15 star is 4' SE.  Either might apply, so this number is considered lost.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1409 = VV 729 = III Zw 55 = MCG +00-10-011 = CGCG 391-028 = PGC 13553

03 41 10.4 -01 18 08; Tau

V = 13.9;  Size 0.9'x0.7';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 130°

 

24" (2/5/21): NGC 1409 is the brighter southwestern component of a double system with NGC 1410 [15" between centers].  At 260x; it was almost moderately bright, fairly small, slightly elongated NW-SE, ~0.4'x0.3', very small bright nucleus.  Located 50' WSW of 5.2-magnitude 24 Eridani.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, small, oval SSW-NNE.  This is a contact pair with NGC 1410 - just 14" between centers.  At high power appears faint, small, round, small bright core.  NGC 1410 is just 15" NE in a common halo.  Located on the Eridanus border.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1409 = H. III-263 = h304 on 6 Jan 1785 (sweep 351) and logged "Suspected, eF, stellar or lE, 240x power rather confirmed it, but left a doubt."  His position is 2' south of this double system (with NGC 1410).

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NGC 1410 = VV 729 = III Zw 55 = MCG +00-10-012 = CGCG 391-028 = PGC 13556

03 41 10.7 -01 17 55; Tau

V = 13.7;  Size 1.2'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 120°

 

24" (2/5/21): NGC 1410 is the fainter northeastern component of an interacting double system with NGC 1409 [15" between centers].  At 260x; faint, very small, round, 15" diameter, stellar nucleus. Sometimes appears as a "bulge" extending out of the north side of NGC 1409, but resolved clearly at 375x.

 

17.5" (10/24/87): faint, very small, round, small bright core.  Forms a very close contact pair with NGC 1409 on the Eridanus border.

 

R.J. Mitchell, Lord Rosse's observer, discovered NGC 1410 on 17 Jan 1855. He recorded a "Double neb [with NGC 1409], north and south, both vS, bM.  Cannot make out whether there is a connexion between them."

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NGC 1411 = IC 1943? = ESO 249-011 = MCG -07-08-004 = AM 0338-224 = LGG 097-011 = PGC 13429

03 38 44.9 -44 06 02; Hor

V = 11.3;  Size 2.3'x1.7';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 6°

 

24" (11/18/12 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): very bright, fairly large, elongated 4:3 ~N-S, ~2'x1.5'.  Very sharply concentrated with an intensely bright 20" core and fairly even surface brightness halo that gradually fades out.  IC 1970 lies 25' WNW.  One of the brighter members of the NGC 1433 subgroup of the Dorado Group complex.

 

13.1" (10/10/86): moderately bright, fairly small, round, bright core.  One of farthest southern galaxies easily viewed from Northern California.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1411 = h2573 on 24 Oct 1835 and recorded "B, R, very small & very much brighter middle, 20 arcsec."  His position is accurate.  Harold Corwin suggests Lewis Swift may have found this galaxy again on 3 Oct 1897 at Echo Mountain, but made an error in recording the RA of Sw. 11-55, with the RA 9 min too small (the dec matches).  If so, then NGC 1411 = IC 1943.  See Corwin's notes for IC 1943.

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NGC 1412 = IC 1981 = ESO 482-029 = MCG -05-09-021 = PGC 13520

03 40 29.3 -26 51 44; For

V = 12.5;  Size 1.9'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 131°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated nearly 2:1 NW-SE, 1.3'x0.7', bright core.  Situated in a group of three mag 11/12 stars with a mag 12 star 1.6' SE.  Located 38' SE of NGC 1398 in northeast Fornax.

 

John Herschel found NGC 1412 = h2574 on 20 Nov 1835 and recorded "F, S, E, gradually pretty much brighter middle, 15"; has a * S.f. distance 2'."  There is nothing at his position and NGC 1412 was reported as not found on a 60 min exposure at the Helwan observatory (1935) or on Bruce 24-inch refractor plates from South Africa (Robert Baker, 1933).  As a result the RNGC classified the number as nonexistent.  But 40' due south of Herschel's position is ESO 482-029 = PGC 13520 and ESO-LV and RC3 identify this galaxy as NGC 1412.  ESO 482-029 is a good match in description; the galaxy is elongated NW-SE with a mag 12 star 1.6' SSE.  The poor declination probably resulted from a copying error.

 

Lewis Swift found this galaxy again on 26 Dec 1897, placed it 37 sec of RA too far west (declination matches) in discovery list XI-58 (later IC 1981). So, NGC 1412 = IC 1981.  ESO and MCG use only the IC designation.  Included in my RNGC Corrections #6 and Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1413 = PGC 13504

03 40 11.5 -15 36 39; Eri

V = 14.3;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 14.1

 

17.5" (12/9/01): very faint, small, round, 20" diameter.  A mag 14.5 star is located 1.7' W.  Forms a pair with NGC 1405 5' NNE.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1413 = LM 1-111 (along with NGC 1405 = I-110) on 26 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.0, vS, R, little brighter in the middle."  His rough position (nearest minute of RA) is 0.8 min of RA east of PGC 13504.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1414 = ESO 548-071 = MCG -04-09-045 = LGG 097-014 = PGC 13543

03 40 57.0 -21 42 48; Eri

V = 14.0;  Size 1.4'x0.3';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 172°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 N-S, 1.0'x0.3'.  Collinear with two mag 13 stars 6' S.  Forms a pair with NGC 1422 8' ENE.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1414 = LM 2-377 on 19 Nov 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.8, 1.6'x0.1', E 0° (N-S), brighter middle to a nucleus.  His description and position is accurate (just off the south side).  Herbert Howe corrected position, measured in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory, refers to NGC 1422.  In Harvard Observatory's 1933 "Catalogue of 985 Extragalactic Nebulae in a Region in Fornax and Eridanus", Robert Baker noted the "Original NGC position in agreement with present catalogue".

 

NGC 1414 was first photographed by Delisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901 and described in a list of NGC corrections as "Elongated at 165°."

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NGC 1415 = IC 1983 = ESO 482-033 = MCG -04-09-047 = LGG 097-011 = PGC 13544

03 40 56.8 -22 33 50; Eri

V = 11.9;  Size 3.5'x1.8';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 148°

 

17.5" (11/2/91): moderately bright, moderately large.  Contains a bright core with a bright almost stellar nucleus and a much fainter halo elongated 2:1 NW-SE.  A mag 11 star is 2.7' NNW of center.  Forms a wide pair with NGC 1416 9' S.  Located 8.5' ESE of mag 8.6 SAO 168726.

 

13.1" (10/10/86): moderately bright, elongated NW-SE, fairly small, bright core, faint elongated halo. 

 

8" (11/28/81): faint, small.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1415 = H. II-267 = h2575 on 9 Dec 1784 (sweep 331) and logged "F, vS, R, little brighter in the middle."  John Herschel made 3 observations from the CGH, recording it first as "pF, E, pretty suddenly little brighter middle, 40" long."

 

Lewis Swift probably independently found the galaxy on 8 Oct 1896 from Echo Mountain in Southern California and recorded it in list XI-55 (later IC 1983) as "vF; pS; R; not [NGC] 1426."  His position is 3.4' SE of NGC 1415 the most likely galaxy he picked up.  See Harold Corwin's discussion for IC 1983.

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NGC 1416 = ESO 482-034 = MCG -04-09-048 = PGC 13548

03 41 02.9 -22 43 08; Eri

V = 12.9;  Size 1.3'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.5

 

17.5" (11/2/91): faint, small, round, weak concentration.  Located almost on line with mag 9.2 SAO 168733 1.5' SSW and mag 9.3 SAO 168734 3.7' S.  A mag 13.5 star is 1' SE.  Forms a pair with NGC 1415 9' N.  Slightly misplotted 5' too far south on U2000.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1416 = LM 2-378 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.5, 0.5' dia, R, *8.7 nr; *8.6 north 2'."  His position 3' south of ESO 482-034 but the mag 8.6 star is 2' south-southeast (the other mag 8.7 star is 2.2' further south).  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).  The RNGC and the first edition of the Uranometria 2000.0 Atlas placed the galaxy 3' too far south.  See Corwin's notes for more on the story.

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NGC 1417 = MCG -01-10-021 = Holm 70a = LGG 103-004 = PGC 13584

03 41 57.4 -04 42 18; Eri

V = 12.1;  Size 2.7'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 175°

 

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x;  moderately bright and large, oval 2:1 N-S, 2'x1', relatively large brighter core, stellar nucleus.  A mag 11.3 star is about 1' SE.  Brightest in a group with NGC 1418 5.0' WSW, IC 344 7' WNW, NGC 1424 19' E and IC 347 25' NNE.

 

17.5" (11/25/87): moderately bright, moderately large, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, bright core.  A mag 11 star is 1.3' SE of center.  Brightest in a group (LGG 103) with NGC 1418 4.9' ESE and IC 344 7.3' WNW.  The group also includes NGC 1358 and NGC 1453.

 

13.1" (12/7/85): moderately bright, slightly elongated ~N-S, small bright core.  A mag 10.5 star is close SSE.  Second of three in a group.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1417 = H. II-455 = h306, along with NGC 1418, on 5 Oct 1785 (sweep 457).  He recorded both as "Two. The preceding [NGC 1417] F, S, E, little brighter in the middle. The following [NGC 1418] eF, vS, E, hardly to be seen but 240 verified it; about 6 or 7' south following the first."  His position is accurate.

 

On 16 Oct 1827 (sweep 96), John Herschel remarked "R; north-preceding a star.  The second of 3 [with NGC 1418]."  His position is 19 seconds of RA too far west, but the description applies (the star is 1.3' SE).  He also accurately measured the position, but listed it under h307 (NGC 1418).  See notes for IC 344 = h305.

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NGC 1418 = MCG -01-10-022 = Holm 70b = LGG 103-005 = PGC 13606

03 42 16.2 -04 43 50; Eri

V = 13.6;  Size 1.3'x0.9';  Surf Br = 13.6;  PA = 15°

 

24" (1/25/22): at 228x and 327x; fairly faint and small, elongated 3:2 or 5:3 SSW-NNE, brighter elongated core is a bit offset towards the N side.  Fainter of a pair with NGC 1417 5' WNW.  NGC 1424 lies 14' E and mag 7.7 HD 23144 is 10' NE.

 

17.5" (11/25/87): fairly faint, fairly small, oval ~N-S, almost even surface brightness.  A mag 12.5 star is 1.4' S.  Forms a pair with NGC 1417 4.9' WNW.  Member of the NGC 1376/1417 Group (LGG 103)

 

13.1" (12/7/85): faint, small, oval ~N-S.  A mag 12 star is 1' S.  Third of three in a group.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1418 = H. II-456 = h307, along with NGC 1417 on 5 Oct 1785 (sweep 457) and recorded, "Two. The preceding [NGC 1417] F, S, E, little brighter in the middle. The following [NGC 1418] eF, vS, E, hardly to be seen but 240 verified it; about 6 or 7' south following the first."  His position was 2.6' too far NE, but the identification is certain.  John Herschel had problems with his observation, and his description for 30 Dec 1826 applies to NGC 1417!

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NGC 1419 = ESO 301-023 = MCG -06-09-017 = AM 0338-374 = LGG 096-027 = PGC 13534

03 40 42.1 -37 30 40; Eri

V = 12.6;  Size 0.9'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.4

 

18" (1/21/04): faint, small, round, 0.5' diameter.  Increases to a very small, brighter core.  An occasional stellar nucleus was glimpsed when the seeing steadied up at 215x.  Located 28' SW of mag 4.7 SAO 194475.  Outlying member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1419 = h2576 on 22 Oct 1835 and recorded "pB, vS, pretty suddenly brighter middle, 15" (clouded)."  His position (from two sweeps) matches ESO 301-023 = PGC 13534.

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NGC 1420

03 42 39.8 -05 51 09; Eri

 

= ***, Corwin.

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1420 on 28 Oct 1865 with the 11" refractor at Copenhagen.  At his single position is a close triple star and he noted a mag 13 star precedes by 10.5 seconds of time in approximately the same declination.  This clinches the identity with this close triple.

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NGC 1421 = MCG -02-10-008 = PGC 13620

03 42 29.4 -13 29 20; Eri

V = 11.4;  Size 3.5'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 179°

 

18" (1/13/07): fairly bright, fairly large, very elongated N-S, ~3.2'x1.0', broad concentration with a brighter bulging core.  The surface brightness is noticeably irregular and mottled with the impression of several brighter patchy knots.  Most noticeable is a brighter northern end that appears to contains a small brighter spot.  This end also seems to contain a small knot or extension that bulges out and angles towards the northwest. [This feature was verified on the DSS].  A mag 13 star is close west of the north end. 

 

17.5" (11/2/91): fairly bright, fairly large, very elongated 4:1 N-S, 3.0'x0.7', broad weak concentration, fades towards tips.  The surface brightness has a patchy or mottled appearance.  The southern tip is slightly fainter than the northern edge.  A mag 13 star is 2.8' NE of center. 

 

8" (11/28/81): very faint, moderately large, elongated N-S.  A distinctive 6.5' collinear string consisting of four stars mag 10-12 oriented NW-SE begins 8' S.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1421 = H. II-291 = h2577 on 1 Feb 1785 (sweep 364) and noted "pF, mE in the direction of the meridian, between 3 and 4' l and about 1' broad, resolvable."  John Herschel observed this galaxy on 8 Dec 1835 and recorded "F, vmE, very little brighter middle, 3' l, 20" br; pos. = 184.2 degrees."  Dreyer and Lord Rosse made a detailed observation with the 72" on 14 Oct 1876: "F, mE 178.7°, about 4' long; F* (17m +/- ) p near the on end, 38.7" distant, the brighter part of the neb seems abruptly terminated just foll the star, towards which it also appears curved; eF* or knot in neb foll the *17m."

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NGC 1422 = ESO 548-077 = MCG -04-09-051 = LGG 097-015 = PGC 13569

03 41 31.1 -21 40 53; Eri

V = 13.2;  Size 2.5'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 65°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): extremely faint, very small, round, 20", low surface brightness.  Based on the DSS image, I only viewed the brighter core as this galaxy is very extended SW-NE.  Forms a pair with NGC 1414 8' WSW.  Located 30' NW of NGC 1426.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1422 = LM 2-379 on 19 Nov 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.5, 0.8'x0.2', E 80 deg."  There is nothing at his position, but roughly 1 min of RA west is ESO 548-077 = PGC 13569 and his description is a good match with this galaxy.  Herbert Howe also measured an accurate position in 1899-00, though assumed this nebula was NGC 1414.

 

NGC 1422 was first photographed by Delisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901 and described in a list of NGC corrections as "elongated at 65°."  He also corrected to RA.

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NGC 1423 = MCG -01-10-025 = Mrk 1191 = PGC 13628

03 42 40.1 -06 22 54; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 0.7'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 20°

 

18" (1/21/04): faint, small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.4'x0.3'.  No details but not difficult.  A mag 14.5 star follows by 1.3'.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1423 = Sw. 5-55 on 31 Oct 1886 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory.  His position is 29 sec of RA east of MCG -01-10-025 = PGC 13628 = PGC 13629.

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NGC 1424 = NGC 1429? = MCG -01-10-026 = PGC 13664

03 43 13.9 -04 43 48; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 1.7'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 10°

 

17.5" (11/25/87): faint, fairly small, slightly elongated ~N-S, even surface brightness.  NGC 1418 lies 14' W and NGC 1417 19' W.

 

13.1" (12/7/85): faint, fairly small, almost round, diffuse, slightly elongated N-S.  Located 14' E NGC 1418.

 

Bindon Blood Stoney discovered NGC 1424 on 8 Dec 1850 (Sunday) while observing the field of NGC 1417.  Bindon may have been observing with his brother George Johnstone Stoney, who visited Birr Castle several weekends in Fall 1850. This galaxy was suspected during the earlier observation on Saturday night.  The observer noted a "faint nova" 16' following [NGC 1418].  The following month month Stoney called it "vF, E."  This group was observed 15 times at Birr Castle.  Francis Leavenworth mentioned the galaxy in his description of NGC 1429: "1st of 2, one of which is GC 763 [NGC 1424]; *10, p 15 sec."  There's only one galaxy here, though, so NGC 1429 is considered lost or perhaps he found another pair and made a large error in position.

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NGC 1425 = ESO 419-004 = MCG -05-09-023 = UGCA 84 = LGG 096-032 = PGC 13602 = IC 1988?

03 42 11.5 -29 53 36; For

V = 10.6;  Size 5.8'x2.6';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 129°

 

13.1" (10/10/86): fairly bright, moderately large, elongated 2:1 NW-SE, bright core.  A pair of mag 12.5/14 stars at 30" separation are 2' NE of center and a mag 11 star lies 2.5' N.  Outlying member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1425 = H. II-852 on 9 Oct 1790 (sweep 972).  He recorded "faint, pretty large, irregularly round, gradually brighter middle."  His position is accurate.

 

Harold Corwin comments that Lewis Swift's IC 1988 (Sw. 11-61) may be a duplicate observation.  On 3 Oct 1897 (date given as 14 Oct in his large 11th list in AN) he recorded "eF, pL, R; 2 stars near followeing, wide double star north preceding." There are two stars "near following" this galaxy, but the wide double star is west-southwest, not northwest per Swift.  The identification NGC 1425 = IC 1988 also requires that Swift made a 10° error in declination, though these types of errors are not uncommon in his later observations from southern California.

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NGC 1426 = ESO 549-001 = MCG -04-09-054 = AM 0340-221 = LGG 097-016 = PGC 13638

03 42 49.1 -22 06 30; Eri

V = 11.4;  Size 2.6'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 111°

 

13.1" (10/10/86): fairly bright, small, round, bright core, stellar nucleus.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1426 = H. III-248 = h2578 on 9 Dec 1784 (sweep 331) and recorded "vF, vS, lE."  John Herschel made two observations from the CGH, first calling it "F" and then "B", probably due to varying sky conditions.

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NGC 1427 = ESO 358-052 = MCG -06-09-021 = LGG 096-020 = PGC 13609

03 42 19.4 -35 23 34; For

V = 10.9;  Size 3.6'x2.5';  Surf Br = 13.2;  PA = 76°

 

18" (12/17/11): bright, fairly large, elongated 4:3 ~E-W, 2.0'x1.5'.  Well concentrated with a very bright, rounder 25" core that increases to a quasi-stellar nucleus.  A mag 12.5-13 star is 1.7' W, a bit outside the halo.

 

18" (1/21/04): fairly bright, fairly large, oval 3:2 WSW-ENE, 2.0'x1.4'.  Contains a large, prominent core which is rounder than the halo.

 

8" (1/1/84): fairly faint, small, slightly elongated E-W, diffuse.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1427 = h2579 on 28 Nov 1837 and logged "pF; S; R; pretty suddenly much brighter middle; 20" dia."  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1428 = ESO 358-053 = MCG -06-09-022 = LGG 096-021 = PGC 13611

03 42 22.8 -35 09 16; For

V = 12.7;  Size 1.6'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 118°

 

18" (12/17/11): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 4:3 WNW-ESE, 0.7'x0.5'.  Contains a faint outer halo, well-concentrated with a bright 20" core that increases somewhat to the center.  A mag 13 star is at the west edge (35" from center).

 

18" (1/21/04): fairly faint, small, oval 2:1 WNW-ESE.  A mag 13 star is just west of the NW edge and the galaxy is elongated in the direction of the star.  Located 14' N of NGC 1427.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

Julius Schmidt discovered NGC 1428 on 19 Jan 1865 with the 6.2-inch Plössl refractor at the Athens Observatory.  It was found during his survey of the Fornax Cluster (nebula "l" in his table).  His position matches ESO 358-053 = PGC 13611.

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NGC 1429

03 44 00 -04 43; Eri

 

= Not found, Corwin.  =*, Carlson.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1429 = LM 2-381 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  He has two listings under this number.  The first reads mag 15.2, 0.2' diameter, R, bgM with the note "1st of 2, one of which is GC 763 [NGC 1424]; *10 p 15s".  The second object is listed at 0.5 min of RA east and described as mag 15.5, 0.3'x0.2', E 180° (N-S) with the note "second of 2".  There is only a single galaxy near his position, namely NGC 1424 (discovered earlier at Birr Castle), which better matches the second entry (elongated N-S).  So, NGC 1429 is nonexistent though Corwin comments his description may apply to a different pair of galaxies!

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NGC 1430 = NGC 1440

03 45 02.9 -18 15 59; Eri

 

See observing notes for NGC 1440.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1430 = LM 2-380 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  He reported, "mag 15.4, 0.6'x0.4', E 20°, suddenly brighter in the middle to a nucleus."  There is nothing at his position and no reasonable candidates showed up in a quick search of the surrounding fields.  Bigourdan was not able to recover this object and it was reported not found on Harvard plates taken with the Bruce astrograph in South Africa (Baker, 1937).

 

Harold Corwin identified this number with a mag 13.3 star near Leavenworth's position but a single star does not fit his description (0.6'x0.4' in PA 20°).  As a result, I had listed this object as lost.  But in Apr 2016 Yann Pothier suggested that NGC 1430 is a duplicate of NGC 1440.  The RA of NGC 1440 is 1.5 minutes further east (typical error in the Leander-McCormick observations) and the description is a fairly good match (except for the magnitude estimate).  See Corwin's identification notes.

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NGC 1431 = UGC 2845 = MCG +00-10-017 = CGCG 391-033 = PGC 13732

03 44 40.8 +02 50 06; Tau

V = 14.1;  Size 1.0'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.7;  PA = 160°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): very faint, small, round, 0.5' diameter, low surface brightness, requires averted vision.  Located 14' NW of mag 6.7 SAO 111393.  Four mag 9.5-11 stars are in the 220x field including a mag 11 star 4' S.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1431 = m 91 on 6 Sep 1864 with William Lassell's 48" on Malta and recorded "eF, pL, iR."  His position is 2' N of UGC 2845 = PGC 13732.

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NGC 1432 = LBN 771 = vdB 21 = Ced 19f = Maia Nebula

03 45 49.5 +24 22 05; Tau

Size 15'x15'

 

8" (12/28/16): at 124x (unfiltered): although all the bright stars in the Pleiades had scattered light halos, it appeared mag 3.9 Maia had a slightly more extensive halo and irregular halo than mag 3.7 Electra.  So, I am fairly confident this was due to the outer reflection nebulosity surrounding Maia.  The scattered light itself seemed about the same intensity around both stars.

 

Paul and Prosper Henry (brothers) discovered NGC 1432 on the first plate they took of the Pleiades on 16 Nov 1885 at Paris Observatory using the 33-cm astrograph. The plate showed nebulosity around Maia which they described "appears very clearly and has spiral form...it was impossible to see it in our telescopes."  The discovery was announced in AN 113, p.239, though it didn't include their image of the nebula, which was published in 1888.  The Maia nebula is the only object in the NGC discovered photographically!

 

Edward Pickering wrote a short article on 21 Jan 1886 (published in Astronomische Nachricten 113, 399)  that he had already photographed the Pleiades on 3 Nov 1885 with an 8-inch lens and stated it only showed "certain irregularities...due merely to defects in the photographic process."  However, a comparison of the Henry photograph revealed these "irregularities" included a patch west of Maia, pointing to the north, and a diffuse remnant near Merope pointing south (well known visible nebula).  Pickering also mentioned "a faint narrow streak of light projecting from Electra on the following side", though Dreyer didn't include the Electra nebula (vdB 20) in the NGC.  As Pickering initially interpreted these as plate flaws, he stated the discovery priority for the Maia nebula remains with Paul and Prosper Henry. 

 

Otto Struve made the first visual observation on 5 Feb 1886 with the new 30-inch refractor at Pulkovo.  On 23 Feb 1886 he made another observation and sketch showing the nebula stretching from Maia to the east.  E.E. Barnard also observed it visually in 1890.

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NGC 1433 = ESO 249-014 = AM 0340-472 = PGC 13586

03 42 01.5 -47 13 20; Hor

V = 9.9;  Size 6.5'x5.9';  Surf Br = 13.7

 

13.1" (2/18/04 - Costa Rica): fairly bright, large, oval 3:2 WNW-ESE, broad concentration with a large halo.  The overall dimensions are ~3.5'x2.2'.  I had a strong impression of extensions or the beginnings of two spiral arms (sketch made and verified); one arm begins at the west end and starts to curve towards the east on the south side while the other is symmetrically placed on the following end and hooks west on the north side.  On images these arms connect to form a perfect barred ring. A mag 12 star lies 2.8' SW of center, beyond the halo.

 

This barred spiral is the brightest member of the NGC 1433 group and part of the Dorado Cloud that includes NGC 1512, 1448, 1493 and 1411.

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1433 = D 426 = h2580 on 28 Sep 1826.  His description (based on two observations) reads "a very faint nebula, about 1' diameter, rather elliptical in the parallel of the equator; with a brightish point or condensation of the nebulous matter, a little to the preceding side of the centre."

 

John Herschel first logged the galaxy on 14 Dec 1835 (sweep 654), "B, L, pmE, suddenly much brighter middle; 100" long, 60" broad".  On 3 Dec 1837 (sweep 805) he noted "vB, L, mE, very suddenly much brighter middle to nucleus = 10th mag star."

 

Joseph Turner sketched NGC 1433 with the Great Melbourne Telescope on 10 Nov 1877.  He showed the thin bar running E-W with a well defined, bright nucleus. (p. 149 of his logbook).  It was first photographed by Delisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901 and described as "!! vB, vL, ellips. spiral"

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NGC 1434 = PGC 13804

03 46 12.8 -09 40 57; Eri

V = 14.3;  Size 0.8'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 165°

 

17.5" (11/17/01): extremely faint and small, round, 10" diameter.  Situated between mag 8.6 SAO 130713 6' SE and a mag 11 star 5.5' NW.  Incorrectly listed as nonexistent in the RNGC.  NGC 1445 lies 21' SW.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1434 = LM 2-382 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.3, 0.4' dia, R, *8.5, follows 25 sec and 3' N. " There is nothing at his position, but 1.8 min of RA due east is PGC 13804. The bright star he mentions follows by 21 sec of RA and is 2.6' south, instead of north.  Classified as nonexistent in the RNGC.

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NGC 1435 = Ced 19j = vdB 22 = Merope Nebula = Tempel's Nebula

03 46 10 +23 45 54; Tau

Size 30'x30'

 

24" (12/28/16): at 124x (unfiltered): the huge Merope Nebula was easily visible, roughly spanning 20' in a wedge or triangular shape with mag 4.2 Merope close to the northeast vertex.  The most well defined edge is clearly the eastern side as it extends N-S.  The edge passes close to a string of 7 stars oriented NNW-SSE, including two mag 10 stars and nearly reaches mag 8.1 HD 23512, which is 20' SSE of Merope.  Just before reaching this star the nebulosity clearly curves to the west and extends ~20' generally northwest, passing north of mag 9.0 HD 23326, though the border is slightly less defined.  At this point the edges of the nebulosity can be traced back east or ENE back to Merope, though the edge here is the least defined.  The surface brightness of the interior is irregular with some slightly brighter patches and weaker areas.

 

18" (1/26/11): at 73x (unfiltered), the Merope Nebula was immediately visible as a huge wedge-shape or comet-shaped glow with Merope near the focus on the northeast end and the nebula spreading out generally to the south and west.  The most striking feature of the nebula is the well-defined and approximately eastern edge oriented N-S that heads south from Merope, passing through a 1' pair of mag 10/11 stars as well as a 1' pair of mag 10/12.5 star.  The nebulosity can be traced a bit over 20' along this side.  On the west side of Merope the border is more ill-defined but roughly heads southwest for ~20'.  The southern border is also ill-defined but is roughly oriented NW to SE and nearly extends nearly as far as mag 9 HD 23326.

 

17.5" (3/2/02): at 100x, the Merope Nebula is the brightest of the reflection nebulae that encase the Pleiades.  It appears as a moderately bright, very large, fan-shaped cone of light extended in a wedge SW to SE from  Merope.  The boundary of the nebulosity is straighter and better defined along the SE edge where it follows a string of mag 10-11 stars.  The SW border is not as well defined but extends beyond a trio of mag 13 stars.  The fan is broadest at its southern extremity which is roughly 15' from Merope.

 

16x80 (12/22/84): the Merope nebula was faint but definite in the 16x80 finder using a Deep Sky filter.  Also, nebulosity surrounding other stars were confirmed with confidence at full aperture in the 13.1" at 62x.

 

8" (10/4/80 and 11/4/80): very large, faint, very elongated tear-drop shaped nebulosity extending SW away from Merope.  Has a sharper edge along the eastern side.  Best view using the Rich Field Adapter at 37x-50x.

 

Wilhelm Tempel discovered NGC 1435, the Merope Nebula, on 19 Oct 1859 from Venice with his personal 4-inch Steinheil refractor using 45x.  The following historical summary is from Wolfgang Steinicke's book "Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters".

 

The Merope Nebula was the first deep sky object Tempel discovered.  He initially thought it was a comet, but the next night (20th) he checked and found no movement.  The discovery was published on 23 Dec 1860 (AN 54, 285).  Christian August Peters, the editor of Astronomische Nachricten, confirmed the observation using a 7-inch refractor.  Auwers first observed it on 14 Jan 1861, but d'Arrest was unsuccessful using the 11-inch Merz refractor at Copenhagen in Aug 1862.  Based on his negative results on several attempts, he reported "I have hitherto been able positively to see nothing. ...I therefore, even yet, am of opinion that this nebula is variable, otherwise the original announcement of the discovery ... must be looked upon as been greatly exaggerated.  This report began a heated interchange involving many of the world's most prominent visual observers over the next 30 years (see NGC 1555 = Hind's Variable Nebula for a similar situation).

 

In September 1862, Julius Schmidt supported d'Arrest, claiming if it was not variable he would have noticed it while carefully observing the Pleiades since 1841.  He first reported a sighting on 5 Feb 1861, describing it as "very large, very pale and quite shapeless."  Auwers responded critically to d'Arrest, claiming neither Tempel's (Merope) nebula nor NGC 1333 were variable but that "large, blurred, faint objects are much more easily visible in small instruments than in large ones" and d'Arrest's failure was due to "a small field of view, completely filled by the 15' large nebula".  Charcornac at Paris Observatory also reported the nebula was difficult to see at high power.  Schönfeld wrote that the nebula "instantly stuck out in the local telescope (6.5-inch refractor in Mannheim, Germany) on Sept 20, 1862 when I pointed it freely towards Merope, without knowing the exact place, looking like a blurred nebula with the shape and size described by Auwers."  

 

d'Arrest responded to the attack on 12 Nov 1862 (AN 1393) stating "after a long effort I actually set eyes on Tempel's Nebula", though it was "the faintest object which I remember ever having seen in the refractor".  He was "still convinced that the nebula was variable; otherwise the discovery report ["large, bright nebula"] must be seen as highly exaggerated."  In March 1862, Winnecke viewed the nebula with a 4.1-inch refractor at low power and asked Otto Struve to take a look in the 15-inch Merz refractor, convinced that it would be difficult to see in the larger scope.  Winnecke noted "Indeed, we were not convinced about its existence until the telescope was moved quickly back and forth".  Winnecke concluded there was no reason to invoke variability to explain the observations.  In 1863, Tempel wrote a letter to the French magazine Le Monde asserting that nebulae, in general, are unchanging (otherwise their constituent stars would have to be vary simultaneously) and that atmospheric conditions were the source of different observational results.

 

Reverend Thomas Webb observed the nebula on 6 Oct 1863 with his 5.5-inch Clark refractor, stating "on turning the telescope upon the group at 29x and 64x, though I probably should not have it discovered unknown, I found it with ease, as a very ill-defined, but on the whole egg-shaped haze, encompassing a brilliant star with its smaller but rather brighter end." As far as the variability "he [Schönfeld] thinks this and other suspected nebulae, being very feeble, large and diffuse, are influenced in visibility by magnifying power, varying transparency of the air, and practice of the eye, so that aperture is less concerned in their case than in that of minute stars."  Although he never observed the nebula, John Herschel catalogued the Merope Nebula as GC 768 and his description stated "VAR" [variable].

 

The controversy about the variability and GC entry caused Lawrence Parsons (4th Earl of Rosse) to take a look with the 36-inch and 72-inch reflectors at Birr Castle, but he found no nebulosity in five observations from Feb 1871 to Sep 1873!  Dreyer, himself, was unsuccessful (on a "misty" night) on 24 Dec 1875.  The first (marginal) successful observation at Birr Castle was not made until 10 Dec 1877 and confirmed later that month.

 

The debate over variability wasn't settled. In 1875 Charles Wolf at Paris Observatory reported he was unable to see the Merope Nebula from Nov 1874 to Feb 1875 and Stephan at the Marseilles observatory confirmed this. Wolf concluded, "This nebula is truly variable and its period seems to be rather short".  But Tempel published another report in Jan 1877 (AN 2139) concluding, "the invisibility of the Merope Nebula in a large telescope is due to the eyepiece and its field of view. If d'Arrest had used an eyepiece of lower power than 95x, giving a field of 20 to 25'; he would have seen the nebula very easily."  Tempel also made disparaging remarks about the large reflectors at Birr Castle, claiming the 36-inch and 72-inch didn't show more stars than his 11-inch Amici refractor (Tempel and Dreyer had a bitter dispute in 1878 about the "spiral form of nebulae", which Tempel couldn't see in his 11-inch).

 

On 6 Mar 1877, Maxwell Hall drew the nebula with his 4-inch refractor at 100x and was amazed it was invisible to Lord Rosse and Robert Newall, who had a 25-inch Cooke refractor.  Hall was also critical of Schiaparelli's description of the orientation of the nebula.  Hall's article touched off another debate between Wolf, Common, Hough, Tempel, Swift, Barnard and Burnham.

 

Charles Wolf published his work on the Pleiades and included a sketch made in Nov 1875.  He saw nebulosity extending to Electra and Celaeno, by masking Merope with the micrometer bar.  A much earlier report by Hermann Goldschmidt to Leverrier in Paris on 21 Sep 1863, claimed he saw not only the Merope nebula but that the Pleiades were completely surrounded by diffuse nebulosity, extending over an area of 5°.

 

In 1880, Ainslie Common published a drawing of the Pleiades nebulosity using his 36-inch reflector.  It showed a large, elongated patch SE of Merope (the wrong direction!) and two additional patches; one north of Merope and another to the NW of Alcyone.  This caused some more controversy.

 

In 1880, Tempel published (MNRAS, 40, 622) an excellent drawing of the nebula using Amici I, with accurate form and brightness levels, along with a large number of nearby faint stars.  He mentioned the various astronomers who confirmed the object, including Schmidt, Winnecke Auwers and Schönfeld, and also opponents such as d'Arrest, Secchi and the Birr Castle observers.  He stated "But all ambiguity has been since cleared up, for on fitting the large telescopes with eyepieces of a low magnifying power the nebula becomes distinctly visible, and is shown by them with image equal in clearness to that given by the smaller instrucments.  He also criticized Goldschmidt's observation of the Pleiades surrounded by nebulous clouds and the drawing of Common, saying the sketch must have "evidently been executed with a telescope of insufficient power to show the Merope Nebula."  He concluded with satisfaction "It is now ascertained beyond question that the nebula exists...and anyone publishing statements about its non-existence merely uses vain words, and proclaims himself wanting in knowledge of the history and nebulae and the management of telescopes."

 

Common was offended and responded the "three-foot telescope" mentioned in his report was of three-foot aperture!  Hall wrote one more report on 13 Dec 1880, claiming the nebula had changed shape, now "extending as far as Electra, and the parabolic form of the Nebula, as seen 1877, was destroyed." He wondered why Tempel had overlooked the "extension of the nebula in the direction of Electra."

 

Amazingly, the controversy of the existence of the Merope Nebula wasn't over. At Dearborn Observatory in Chicago, Hough and Burnham had previously been critical of earlier reports, because of their discordant descriptions and their negative results in 1879 and 1880 using the 18.5-inch Clark refractor at 120x and higher.  After Tempel's paper, they made a concerted effort from 29 Nov 1880 to 22 Mar 1891 with various eyepieces, stopping down the refractor to 12-inch, even masking Merope.  But they came up empty and decided the previous positive observers were misled by the glare from Merope and the neighboring stars!  Dreyer immediately responded, criticizing the large exit pupil used and furthermore he didn't see anything unusual about or contradictory about previous published reports of a "large and diffused nebulosity".  Also, the theory about the glare from Merope causing an illusion was rejected.  Swift also responded on 2 Dec 1881, that he independently ran across the Merope Nebula in 1874 while searching for comets with his 4.5-inch refractor and "strongly suspected it was a new comet."  His analysis was that Hough and Burnham used too high of a power as he could see the nebula even stopped down to 2-inch aperture at 25x.

 

Barnard observed and drew the Merope Nebula and nearby stars with his 5-inch refractor in 1883.  He wrote "it is plainly visible in my 5-inch refractory, it has been seen with a 2.5-inch telescope, in the presence of a quarter-full moon."  He criticized Common's sketch but felt his sketch agreed with Tempel's (though it extended further west past Electra).  Barnard also mentioned that Trouvelot reported that it is variable and had become very faint (he described the nebula as changing to a dim purplish color) and "can now be seen only by those acquainted with its former appearance"!

 

Paul and Prosper Henry first photographed the Pleiades on 16 Nov 1885 and revealed additional nebulosity around Maia, later catalogued as NGC 1432 (the only photographic discovery in the NGC) as well as faint nebulosity near Electra.  In 1886 Charles Wolf published a comparison between the photographic image and the visual observations that showed significant changes in the Merope Nebula.  Morever, the separate nebula observed by Goldschmidt and Wolf had disappeared but he concluded that photographic and visual observations can never be reconciled as objects invisible on photographs can exist visually.  Surprisingly, the image most closely resembled the ridiculed drawing of Common.  Common wrote that his sketch showed the Maia Nebula, however the connection is poor - his placement is closer to Alcyone than Maia.

 

The image encouraged others to search for addition nebulae in the Pleiades. On 26 Feb 1886, Spitaler and Palisa in Vienna reported the Maia nebula appeared as a "small flaky nebulosity, completely separated from Maia" and on 3 Mar, the former was "only the brightest knot of an extended nebulosity, completely covering Maia." Spitaler wrote "one can hardly refrain from thinking that at least the whole Pleiades region west and north of Alcyone is covered by an extended nebulosity, of which all previously perceived, apparently isolated nebulae, are merely bright knots of light."

 

On 23 Oct 1886 Isaac Roberts took a 3 hour exposure which revealed "not only are the stars [Alcyone, Maia, Electra, Merope] surrounded by nebulae, but the nebulosity extends in streamers and fleecy masses, till it seems almost to fill the spaces between the stars, and to extend far beyond them."  Common again felt vindicated and repeated his treatment by Tempel, "who thought I had not used a sufficiently large telescope" (a misunderstanding by Tempel).

 

Another image was taken by the Henry brothers in 1888 showing extensive nebulosity. At an RAS meeting on 8 Jun 1888, Common says "I immediately compared my sketches with it and found that every star I had seen, except one, was there, and, of course, in their proper places."  Robert Newall, who also attended the meeting, stated he was certain that his observations differed from Common with Merope appearing as an oval comet with Merope at the focus and he had not seen the additional patches claimed by Common.

 

In an 1888 issue of Knowledge, English astronomer Arthur Ranyard wrote an article titled "Great Nebula in the Pleiades" and stated "The observations are worth examining, as they throw some light on the differences which are always likely to exist when observations are pushed into the border-land of vision, where by reason of the extreme faintness or minuteness of the objects examined, the eye begins to fail, and the imagination begins to play a larger and larger part in filling up the gaps where the senses of the eye-straining observer fail him."

 

Maxwell Hall made a late interesting set of observations in 1889 in Jamaica.  He compared the view of the Merope Nebula using a 9-inch reflector with a glass mirror and his 4-inch Cook refractor.  He reported "a glance through the refractor showed the well-known nebula projected against the dark background or field of view; but in the reflector there was so much light scattered around the field of view that the nebula was invisible."  He concluded this explained the positive sightings in smaller refractors and vice versa, the failure with larger reflectors (especially Lord Rosse's initial failures).  In 1891, Spitaler reviewed the major observations of the Pleiades nebulae in a 20-page paper and created a remarkable map of the region, showing extensive nebulosity surrounding the Pleiades.  He argues his map shows the main structures were correctly drawn and generally only the boundaries vary.

 

IC 349 is a knot of nebulosity just 0.6' SSE of Merope discovered and sketched by Barnard in 1890 using the 36-inch refractor at Lick.  The discovery was published in AN 3018.  See WSQJ July 1992.  In terms of distance, Steinicke notes this is the closest NGC object.

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NGC 1436 = NGC 1437 = ESO 358-058 = MCG -06-09-02 = AM 0341-360 = LGG 096-022 = PGC 13687

03 43 37.1 -35 51 12; Eri

V = 11.7;  Size 3.0'x2.0';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 150°

 

18" (1/21/04): large, low surface brightness glow with just a weak concentration.  Appears slightly elongated NNW-SSE, perhaps 2.5'x2.0', but edges fade into the background so difficult to determine the outline of the halo.  A mag 9.7 star lies 11' NE.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1436 = D 562 = h2581 = h2582 with his 9" reflector at Parramatta and described "a pretty large faint round nebula, about 3.5' diameter, gradual slight condensation to the centre, very faint at the margin."  His position was 22' too far SSE.

 

John Herschel logged it on 9 Jan 1836 (sweep 636) as "very bright, and evidently a globular cluster." He only gave the rough place from Dunlop.  He made another observation (h2582) on 28 Nov 1837 (sweep 801) but assumed it was new and as a result NGC 1436 = NGC 1437.  Dorothy Carlson and RNGC list NGC 1436 as "Not Found".  See Corwin's notes for the full story.

 

While searching for NGC 1436 with the Great Melbourne Telescope on 14 Feb 1888, Pietro Baracchi discovered ESO 358-059.  He called it "vF, S, R, gradually brighter in the middle.  This is called in diagram GC 770 [NGC 1437] but I hardly think it can be it."

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NGC 1437 = NGC 1436 = ESO 358-058 = MCG -06-09-025 = AM 0341-360 = LGG 986-022 = PGC 13687

03 43 37.1 -35 51 12; Eri

V = 11.7;  Size 3.0'x2.0';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 150°

 

18" (1/21/04): large, low surface brightness glow with just a weak concentration.  Appears slightly elongated NNW-SSE, perhaps 2.5'x2.0', but edges fade into the background so difficult to determine the outline of the halo.  A mag 9.7 star lies 11' NE.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1437 = h2582 on 28 Nov 1837 and logged "F, vL, gradually little brighter middle, R, 4" dia."  His position matches ESO 358-058 = PGC 13687.  h2581 = NGC 1436 is a duplicate observation, made while searching for Dunlop 562.  So NGC 1437 = NGC 1436.  Dunlop 562 may apply to this galaxy or perhaps NGC 1365, with a 10 tmin error in RA.

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NGC 1438 = ESO 482-041 = MCG -04-09-058 = LGG 097-018 = PGC 13760

03 45 17.2 -23 00 09; Eri

V = 12.4;  Size 2.0'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 69°

 

17.5" (11/2/91): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 WSW-ENE, halo gradually brightens but no nucleus.  A mag 11 star just 20" off the east edge detracts from viewing and a very faint mag 14.5 star lies 1.7' S.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1438 = LM 1-112 on 11 Dec 1885 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.0, vmE 60°, *10 follows 1.0'."  His rough position (nearest minute of RA) and description matches ESO 482-041 = PGC 13760.

 

NGC 1438 was first photographed by Delisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901 and he corrected the position.

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NGC 1439 = ESO 549-009 = MCG -04-09-056 = LGG 097-017 = PGC 13738

03 44 49.9 -21 55 14; Eri

V = 11.4;  Size 2.5'x2.3';  Surf Br = 13.3

 

13.1" (10/10/86): moderately bright, fairly small, bright core, stellar nucleus, round, large faint halo.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1439 = H. III-249 = h2584 on 9 Dec 1784 (sweep 331) and recorded "vF, vS."  John Herschel made 3 observations from the CGH, first logging it as "pF, S, R, bM, 20" dia."

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NGC 1440 = NGC 1442 = NGC 1430: = NGC 1458: = ESO 549-010 = MCG -03-10-043 = LGG 100-007 = PGC 13752

03 45 02.9 -18 15 59; Eri

V = 11.5;  Size 2.1'x1.6';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 28°

 

13.1" (1/18/85): moderately bright, small, small faint halo, bright core, stellar nucleus.  Located 7' ENE of mag 10 SAO 149139.  Member of the NGC 1407 group (LGG 100).

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1440 = H. II-458 = h2583 on 6 Oct 1785 (sweep 459) and recorded "pB, R, bM." John Herschel made two observations from South Africa, logging it on 11 Dec 1835 as "pB; R; very suddenly much brighter middle to a nucleus = *13' 60" dia."  William also made an observation on 20 Sep 1786 with a 1° error in declination, with the designation II-594.  JH included this observation in the GC (773), although he noted that Auwers considered it identical to II-458.  Dreyer added it as NGC 1442, also noting it was probably identical to NGC 1440.

 

Joseph Turner observed this galaxy on 10 Nov 1877 with the Great Melbourne Telescope and noted it "resembles a planetary nebula with a faint halo surrounding the nucleus, which is a little elongated n the north-following direction."

 

Finally, Francis Leavenworth found this galaxy again in 1886, recorded it in the second discovery list (#387) from the Leander McCormick observatory but made a 2 min error in RA (too far east).  Dreyer assumed it was new and was catalogued as NGC 1458.  So, NGC 1440 = NGC 1442 = NGC 1458.  Finally, NGC 1430, also from Leavenworth, may be another duplicate observation of NGC 1440.

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NGC 1441 = MCG -01-10-029 = LGG 103-010 = PGC 13782

03 45 43.0 -04 05 31; Eri

V = 12.9;  Size 1.6'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 70°

 

24" (12/8/20): at 260x-375x; between fairly faint and moderately bright, very elongated 3:1 E-W, 0.9'x0.3', contains a bright core.  Brightest and largest in trio with NGC 1449 and NGC 1451.   Member of the NGC 1376/1453 group (LGG 103).

 

13.1" (12/18/82): faint, small, slightly elongated.  Largest and brightest of three with NGC 1449 5.7' SE and NGC 1451 6.2' ENE.  Brighter NGC 1453 lies 13' NE.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1441 = H. II-597 on 30 Sep 1786 (sweep 608) and recorded "faint, extended in a row with some stars."  The star "in a row" are 4.4' WSW, 1.6' E and 3' ENE.  He made a second observation on 26 Nov 1786 (sweep 638) and recorded "extremely faint, small, irregular figure.  I suspected two more following; but quite uncertain, not having been out long enough."  The two objects he suspected are almost certainly NGC 1449 (6' SE) and NGC 1451 (6' ENE).

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NGC 1442 = NGC 1440 = NGC 1458: = ESO 549-010 = MCG -03-10-043 = PGC 13752

03 45 02.9 -18 15 59; Eri

 

See observing notes for NGC 1440.

 

William Herschel found NGC 1442 = H. II-594 on 20 Sep 1786 (sweep 597) and logged "pB, vS, R, bM."  There is nothing at his position and it was reported as not found on Harvard plates taken with the Bruce astrograph in South Africa (Baker, 1937).  But exactly one degree north is NGC 1440 = H. II-458, which he earlier discovered on 6 Oct 1785.  The equivalence was first noted by Auwers but John Herschel still included his father's observation in the GC (774) as well as Dreyer in the NGC with the comment H. II-594 is probably identical to H. II-458 = NGC 1440.  Leavenworth found this galaxy again in 1886 and reported it as new in his second list (#387, later NGC 1458), though his RA was 2 minutes of time too large.  So, NGC 1440 = NGC 1442 = NGC 1458.

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NGC 1443

03 45 53.1 -04 03 09; Eri

 

= *, Corwin.  "Not found", Carlson.

 

Wilhelm Tempel discovered NGC 1443 in 1882, and described in paper V (AN 2439) "class III and forms with NGC 1441 and the two d'Arrest nebulae (NGC 1449 and NGC 1451) a trapezoid, so the second northernmost in this group".  There is nothing at his position, but Corwin identifies a single mag 14.5 that fits Tempel's description.  See Corwin's identification notes.

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NGC 1444 = Cr 43 = OCL-394 = Lund 119

03 49 26 +51 39 18; Per

V = 6.6;  Size 4'

 

17.5" (11/2/91): at 220x, about 20 mag 7-14 stars scattered in a 5' diameter, not rich or impressive.  The group mainly consists of a bright double star (STF 446 = 7/10 at 9") with a third fainter mag 13 star 12" NE of the bright mag 7 star.  Close northwest is a line of four mag 10-12 stars oriented SW-NE.

 

The bright star (B-type HD 23675) is a member of the Cam OB1 Association in a dusty portion of the Milky Way, but the "cluster" may be an unrelated group of field stars.

 

8" (1/1/84): consists of a mag 7.5 star with 7 faint stars just west.  The brightest star is STF 446 = 7.5/9.0 at 10".

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1444 = H. VIII-80 = h308 on 18 Dec 1788 (sweep 894) and recorded "a cluster of small stars, containing one large one, 9-10 mag; 2 or 3' diam. not rich."  On 8 Nov 1831 (sweep 384), John Herschel logged a "cluster of about 20 st; place that of a superb double star (∑ 446); the rest 12m."

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NGC 1445 = PGC 13742

03 44 56.1 -09 51 20; Eri

V = 14.0;  Size 0.8'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.1

 

17.5": faint, small, slightly elongated, 0.4'x0.3', weak concentration.  Located 2.2' SE of a mag 12 star and 25' ESE of mag 3.5 Delta (35) Eridani.  NGC 1434 lies 21' NE.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1445 = LM 2-383 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and reported "mag 14.5, 0.3' dia, R, *9, position 330° at 2'."  His position is 0.8 min of RA east of PGC 13742 and the description of the nearby star clinches the identification.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1446

03 45 57.5 -04 06 44; Eri

 

= *?, Corwin.

 

J.L.E. Dreyer discovered NGC 1446 on 8 Jan 1877 observing with the 72" at Birr Castle.  He commented "perhaps a vF neb f [NGC 1441]" with no micrometric offsets and the sketch only shows two stars following NGC 1441, so it's unclear what object Dreyer had in mind. (in 1882).  Wilhelm Tempel independently recorded a new object in 1882 with the 11-inch refractor at the Arcetri Observatory and placed it 16 seconds of RA east of NGC 1441 and +3/4' in declination.  There is nothing at this exact separation and Harold Corwin lists a possible star if the +3' to 4' should read -3' to 4'.  Dreyer assumed both observations referred to the same object, so he and Tempel are credited in the NGC.

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NGC 1447 = PGC 13786

03 45 47.1 -09 01 07; Eri

V = 14.4;  Size 0.7'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 105°

 

17.5" (1/12/02): faint, very small, round, 20" diameter, very small brighter nucleus.  Located 2.7' WSW of mag 7.9 SAO 130711 which detracts from viewing.  NGC 1450 lies 13' S.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1447 = LM 2-384 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 14.5, 0.4' dia, R, neb?; *9.5 at 3.2' separation in PA 240° (WSW) ."  His position is 3' S of PGC 13786 and the star is ENE.

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NGC 1448 = NGC 1457 = ESO 249-016 = MCG -07-08-005 = LGG 102-003 = PGC 13727

03 44 32.0 -44 38 38; Hor

V = 10.7;  Size 7.6'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 41°

 

18" (12/30/08): moderately bright, large, edge-on ~6:1 SW-NE, ~4.5'x0.8'.  Contains a brighter, elongated core that increases to the center.  A brighter star is close southeast of the core (1.4' from center) and a fainter star is near the northeast end.  Situated at the midpoint of two mag 9.2/9.7 stars located 7.5' N and 7.5' S.  Viewed at only 8° elevation.  Brightest members of a subgroup (LGG 102) of the Dorado Group complex.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1448 = h2585 on 14 Dec 1835 and recorded "pB, vL, vmE, 3' l, 20" br, position = 221.6 degrees."  There is nothing at his position but 50 seconds of RA east is ESO 249-016 = PGC 13727, which matches his description.  He also recorded h2586 = NGC 1457 (observed on 3 different sweeps; the first on 24 Oct 1835), which all point exactly to this galaxy.  I'm surprised he didn't notice there was only a single bright galaxy here!  By priority, NGC 1457 should be the primary designation, instead of NGC 1448 which is commonly used.  ESO labels this galaxy as NGC 1448 = NGC 1457 and MCG calls it NGC 1448.

 

This galaxy was first photographed by Delisle Stewart at Harvard's Arequipa Station between 1898 and 1901.  He noted NGC 1448 was not seen and was an error for NGC 1457.

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NGC 1449 = MCG -01-10-032 = LGG 103-013 = PGC 13798

03 46 03.0 -04 08 17; Eri

V = 13.5;  Size 0.7'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.2;  PA = 20°

 

24" (12/8/20): at 260x and 376x; fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated SSW-NNE, 0.4'x0.3'.  Similar NGC 1451 is 4' SSW and brighter NGC 1441 is 6' WSW in the LGG 103 group.

 

13.1" (12/18/82): faint, very small, round.  Located 5.7' SE of NGC 1441 and forms a trio with NGC 1451 4.2' NNE in a group.  Member of the NGC 1376/1417 Group (LGG 103)

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1449, along with NGC 1451, on 9 Oct 1864 with an 11" refractor at Copenhagen.  His position, measured on 4 nights, matches MCG -01-10-032 = PGC 13798.

 

William Herschel probably made the first discovery of NGC 1449 and NGC 1451 on 26 Nov 1786 (sweep 638).  He description of NGC 1441 mentions, "I suspected two more following; but quite uncertain, not having been out long enough."  Due to the uncertainty it wasn't assigned a general (internal) number or later catalogued.  Édouard Stephan also observed the pair on 22 Nov 1875.

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NGC 1450 = PGC 13775

03 45 36.5 -09 14 04; Eri

V = 14.4;  Size 0.8'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.5;  PA = 15°

 

17.5" (11/17/01): fairly faint, fairly small, slightly elongated, 0.7'x0.5' SSW-NNE.  Several faint galaxies are situated nearby.  LEDA 994022 is 2.4' N and I recorded a very faint star or galaxy at or near this position.  But even closer (1.7' W) is the brighter edge-on LEDA 993557, which I apparently missed, so I'm not confident of the observation.

 

Lewis Swift found NGC 1450 = Sw. 5-56 = LM 1-113 = LM 1-114 on 22 Oct 1886 with the 16" refractor at Warner Observatory. His position is 16 seconds of RA due east of PGC 13775.  Ormond Stone discovered this galaxy earlier in 1886 at the Leander McCormick Observatory and described a double nebula with separation 0.5' (only one galaxy is listed in NED and LEDA).

 

Frank Muller (also from the LM Observatory) noted the equivalence with Stone's object in a Sidereal Messenger article (Feb 1887) that listed nebulae from Swift's 5th catalogue which had been discovered previously. As a result Dreyer assigned a single NGC designation, crediting both Swift and Stone. As the LM discovery list was submitted to the Astronomical Journal on 12 Oct 1886, Stone made the earlier discovery.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1451 = MCG -01-10-033 = LGG 103-014 = PGC 13801

03 46 07.1 -04 04 10; Eri

V = 13.3;  Size 0.7'x0.4';  Surf Br = 11.9;  PA = 45°

 

24" (12/8/20): at 260x-375x; fairly faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter, very small bright nucleus.  A mag 14 star is 2' S and a mag 14.7 star is 2' SE.  In a group of galaxies with nearby NGC 1449 and NGC 1441.

 

13.1" (12/18/82): faint, very small, round.  In a trio with NGC 1441 6.2' WSW and  NGC 1449 4.2' SSW within a group.  Located 7.9' SW of NGC 1453.  Member of the NGC 1376/1417 Group (LGG 103)

 

Heinrich d'Arrest discovered NGC 1451, along with NGC 1449, on 9 Oct 1864.  His position (measured on 4 nights) matches MCG -01-10-033 = PGC 13801 and he measured a mag 12 star that precedes by 12 seconds of time.

 

William Herschel probably noticed NGC 1449 and 1451 in an observation of NGC 1441 on 26 Nov 1786 (sweep 638).  He mentions "I suspected two more following; but quite uncertain, not having been out long enough."  Due to his uncertainty, Caroline didn't assign internal (general) discovery numbers.  Édouard Stephan observed the pair on 22 Nov 1875, apparently aware of d'Arrest's discovery.

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NGC 1452 = NGC 1455 = ESO 549-012 = MCG -03-10-044 = LGG 100-008 = PGC 13765

03 45 22.3 -18 38 01; Eri

V = 11.8;  Size 2.2'x1.5';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 113°

 

13.1" (1/18/85): moderately bright, small, round, broad weak concentration, faint stellar nucleus, small faint halo.  Appears similar to NGC 1440 25' NNW but slightly fainter.  Member of NGC 1407 group (LGG 100).

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1452 = H. II-459 on 6 Oct 1785 (sweep 459) and recorded "F, R, little brighter in the middle."  His position is 3.2' north of ESO 549-012 = PGC 13765.  Francis Leavenworth (II-386) independently found the galaxy in 1886 with the 26" refractor at Leander McCormick Observatory but his position was 40 seconds of RA east of NGC 1452.  So Dreyer assumed it was new and catalogued it again as NGC 1455.  But Leavenworth's position angle ("lE in 30 deg") matches the bar of NGC 1452, so NGC 1452 = NGC 1455, with NGC 1452 the primary designation.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1899-00 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1453 = MCG -01-10-034 = LGG 103-007 = PGC 13814

03 46 27.2 -03 58 09; Eri

V = 11.5;  Size 2.4'x1.9';  Surf Br = 13.2

 

24" (12/8/20): very bright, large, slightly elongated, sharply concentrated with a very bright core that increases to a stellar peak.  The outer halo (at least 1.5' diameter) has a much lower surface and fades gradually away without a definite edge.  One of the two brightest galaxies in the NGC 1376/1417 Group.

 

13.1" (12/18/82): bright, fairly small, slightly elongated, very small bright core.  Brightest of four with a faint trio of galaxies NGC 1441, NGC 1449 and NGC 1451 roughly 10' SW.  Member of the NGC 1376/1417 Group (LGG 103).

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1453 = H. I-155 = h309 on 30 Sep 1786 (sweep 608) and recorded "cB, S, mbM."  On 26 Nov 1786 (sweep 638) he noted "pB; gradually much brighter middle."

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NGC 1454 = ESO 549-013

03 45 59.3 -20 39 08; Eri

 

= *, Gottlieb.  Not found, ESO.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1454 = LM 2-385 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and reported a "*?; *9.5, P 240° [SW] distance 3'.2."  There is nothing at his position.  ESO 549-011 is 12' NW of Muller's position and has a mag 8 star 2.5' NE.  It's possible that Muller reversed the orientation with the mentioned star, although his magnitudes are usually too bright.  I feel a more likely match is the mag 15.3 star listed here.  With respect to this star there is a mag 12.3 star at a distance of 3.4' in PA 240 degrees, which is an excellent match with the description.  Corwin concurs that NGC 1454 is a star.  ESO and RNGC state "not found".

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NGC 1455 = NGC 1452 = ESO 549-012 = MCG -03-10-044 = PGC 13765

03 45 22.3 -18 38 01; Eri

V = 11.8;  Size 2.2'x1.5';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 113°

 

13.1" (1/18/85): moderately bright, small, round, broad weak concentration, faint stellar nucleus, small faint halo.  Appears similar to NGC 1440 25' NNW but slightly fainter.  Member of NGC 1407 group (LGG 100).

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1455 = LM 2-386 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 14.7, 0.5', lE 30°, suddenly brighter in the middle to a nucleus."  There is nothing at his position but 40 sec of RA west is NGC 1452 and his position angle matches its bar.  Heber Curtis was perhaps the first to note "R.A. as given in the NGC probably in error; no object in that place.  [NGC 1452] faint; Saturn-shaped; 1' long in p.a. 30°."

 

NGC 2000 and the Southern Galaxy Catalogue equate NGC 1455 with NGC 1452.  RNGC misidentifies PGC135094 at 03 46 09.4 -18 39 26 (2000) as NGC 1455 while PGC and ESO misidentify ESO 549-014 as NGC 1455.

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NGC 1456

03 48 08.3 +22 33 31; Tau

 

= **, Gottlieb.

 

Gerhard Lohse discovered NGC 1456 in 1886 with a 15.5-inch refractor at the private Wigglesworth Observatory in Scarborough, England and noted a "double star mag 10-12, companion nebulous at 130°, 9'' [separation].  At his position is a wide pair of stars with the southwest component a "fused" double star (both components visible) on the DSS at 03 48 08.3 +22 33 31 (2000).  The single mag 10 star is 1.4' NE.  Lohse's description matches this pair although there is no involved nebulosity, as first noted by Sherburne Burnham when he examined the pair in 1909 at Yerkes.  Listed as nonexistent in RNGC.

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NGC 1457 = NGC 1448 = ESO 249-016 = MCG -07-08-005 = PGC 13727

03 44 32.0 -44 38 38; Hor

V = 10.7;  Size 7.6'x1.7';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 41°

 

See observing notes for NGC 1448.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1457 = h2586 on 24 Oct 1835 and recorded "pB, vmE, gradually little brighter middle, a ray nebula, 4' l, 20" br, pos = 38 degrees.".  His position (observed on 3 sweeps) is accurate.  He also picked up this galaxy on a separate sweep in 14 Dec 1835, but placed this galaxy 50 sec of RA too far west.  He apparently missed the equivalent descriptions and it was also catalogued as NGC 1448.  The IC 2 notes notes this number is identical to NGC 1448 (DeLisle Stewart).  The primary designation should be NGC 1457 (earlier discovery), but this galaxy is generally referred to NGC 1448.

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NGC 1458 = NGC 1440 = NGC 1442 = ESO 549-010 = MCG -03-10-043 = PGC 13752

03 45 02.9 -18 15 59; Eri

 

See observing notes for NGC 1440.

 

Francis Leavenworth found NGC 1458 = LM 2-387 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  He reported "mag 13.0, 0.3' diameter, round."  There is nothing at his position and it was reported not found on Harvard plates taken with the Bruce refractor in South Africa (Baker, 1937).  But NGC 1440, two minutes of time west, is likely Leavenworth's object.  NGC 1442 is probably another observation of this galaxy with a one degree error in declination (see these entries for more).  So, NGC 1440 = NGC 1442 = NGC 1458.

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NGC 1459 = ESO 482-043 = MCG -04-10-001 = PGC 13832

03 46 57.9 -25 31 18; For

V = 12.8;  Size 1.7'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 167°

 

17.5" (11/2/91): very faint, fairly small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, low almost even surface brightness.  A mag 12 star is 2.9' S of center.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1459 = LM 1-115 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  His rough position (nearest minute of RA) is a good match with ESO 482-043 = PGC 13832.

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NGC 1460 = ESO 358-062 = MCG -06-09-031 = AM 0344-365 = LGG 096-025 = PGC 13805

03 46 13.7 -36 41 48; Eri

V = 12.6;  Size 1.4'x1.0';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 60°

 

18" (1/21/04): faint, fairly small, irregularly round, 1.0' diameter.  This Fornax I cluster member has a fairly low surface brightness.  A mag 12.8 star is very close off the SE side [38" from center].  Located 2.7' S of a mag 10.6 star.  Member of the Fornax I cluster.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1460 = h2587 on 28 Nov 1837 and described "F; S; R; 15"; attached to a star 14 mag."  His position and description is accurate.

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NGC 1461 = MCG -03-10-047 = PGC 13881

03 48 27.1 -16 23 36; Eri

V = 11.8;  Size 3.0'x0.9';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 155°

 

17.5" (12/28/94): fairly faint, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.2'x0.5'.  Strong concentration with a small bright core.  Located 3.3' SE of a mag 10.5 star.

 

8" (11/28/81): faint, small, elongated 2:1 NNW-SSE, bright core.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1461 = H. II-460 = h2588 on 6 Oct 1785 (sweep 459) and noted "pB, S, lE, mbM or a nucleus."  His position is 2' south of MCG -03-10-047 = PGC 13881, and accurate in RA.  John Herschel logged "pB, vlE, pretty much brighter middle, 25" diameter", but was off by 21 seconds in RA (too far east).  Schönfeld measured an accurate position (used in the NGC).

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NGC 1462 = MCG +01-10-010 = CGCG 417-007 = PGC 13945

03 50 23.5 +06 58 22; Tau

V = 14.1;  Size 0.9'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.0

 

17.5" (11/2/91): extremely faint, small, elongated 3:2 SSW-NNE (orientation uncertain), very low surface brightness.  A faint double star lies 1' WNW.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1462 = m 92 on 13 Sep 1864 with William Lassell's 48" on Malta and noted "vF, S, vlE".  Marth's position is accurate.

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NGC 1463 = ESO 117-009 = PGC 13807

03 46 15.5 -59 48 37; Ret

V = 13.5;  Size 1.4'x1.2';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 45°

 

24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): moderately bright and large at 200x, round, even concentration to a small, brighter core and occasional stellar nucleus.  Quite a number of brighter stars are nearby including a group of 7 bright mag 10-11 stars that lie just to the north and two additional mag 11 stars that flank the galaxy 1.8' SSW and 2.5' ENE.  In addition, the galaxy is 8.5' NNW of mag 9.7 HD 24060.  IC 2010 lies 43' ESE.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1463 = h2589 on 6 Oct 1834 and recorded "F, S, R, bM, 15", one of a constellation with 7 bright stars." His position (h2589) and description is accurate.

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NGC 1464 = NGC 1471 = PGC 13976

03 51 24.4 -15 24 08; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 0.7'x0.5';  Surf Br = 12.5;  PA = 44°

 

18" (11/22/03): faint, small, round, 40"x35", fairly low even surface brightness with just a weak concentration.  A mag 12.5 star lies 1.9' SSE.  Located 16' NE of mag 8.3 SAO 149206.

 

Lewis Swift found NGC 1464 = Sw. 5-57 on 1 Nov 1886 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory and reported "pF; S; R; forms equilateral triangle with 2 stars."  His position is 2' NW of PGC 13976 and the description applies, though the triangle is technically isosceles in shape.

 

Frances Leavenworth discovered this galaxy earlier in 1886 (the discovery list was submitted on 12 Oct) but his rough RA for LM 1-116 (later NGC 1471) was nearly 2 minutes too large (fairly typical).  Frank Muller (also from the LM Observatory) noted the equivalence with Leavenworth's object in a Sidereal Messenger article (Feb 1887) that listed nebulae from Swift's 5th catalogue which had been discovered previously.  Nevertheless, Dreyer assigned two NGC designations, resulting in NGC 1464 = NGC 1471.  Despite Leavenworth's earlier discovery, the primary designation used today is Swift's NGC 1464.

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NGC 1465 = UGC 2891 = MCG +05-10-003 = CGCG 508-004 = PGC 14039

03 53 32.0 +32 29 33; Per

V = 13.7;  Size 1.7'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 165°

 

13.1" (1/1/84): fainter extensions visible oriented ~N-S.

 

13.1" (11/5/83): faint, small, round, but not difficult.  Mag 6.6 SAO 56775 lies 12' SW.  Located 40' N of Zeta Persei (V = 2.9).

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1465 = Sw. 5-58 on 25 Sep 1886 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory and recorded "pF; pS; R; pB* near p[receding]."  His position is 8 tsec east and 39" north of UGC 2891 = PGC 14039.  His "pB * nr p" probably refers to a mag 11 star 2' W.

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NGC 1466 = ESO 054-016 = S-L 1

03 44 32.7 -71 40 16; Hyi

V = 11.6;  Size 2.3'

 

30" (11/4/10 - Coonabarabran, 264x): bright, moderately large, round, 2.5' diameter.  Appeared mottled with some extremely faint stars resolved in the halo.  The only brighter resolved star is on the south side of the halo.  The view is somewhat hampered by mag 6.3 CT Hydri just 4' ENE and a mag 9 star 2.3' SSE.  NGC 1466 is one of the 15 bona-fide ancient GC's in the LMC.

 

18" (7/9/02 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): this outlying globular of the LMC is known to be one the oldest LMC clusters.  At 128x it appeared moderately bright, fairly small, round, 2' diameter.  There was no resolution except for a single faint star at the south edge but the surface brightness was high.  This cluster was fairly prominent and very easy to find as it is situated 4' WSW of mag 6.3 HD 241888 (CT Hydri) and 2.2' NNW of a mag 9 star.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1466 = h2590 on 26 Nov 1834 and recorded "F, irregularly round, gradually little brighter middle, 30", has a * 7th mag foll, and others near." On a second sweep he notes "Viewed past meridian; found in place; pB, R, gradually brighter in the middle, 30" dia."

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NGC 1467 = MCG -02-10-015 = PGC 13991

03 51 52.7 -08 50 17; Eri

V = 13.5;  Size 1.4'x1.1';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 115°

 

17.5" (2/11/96): very faint, small, round, 0.6' diameter, slightly brighter core.  Slightly brighter of a pair with NGC 1470 10' SSE.

 

17.5" (2/8/91): very faint, small, very small bright core surrounded by a very low surface brightness halo.  Located 4.3' NNE of a mag 10 star.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1467 = LM 2-388 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.0, 0.3' dia, R, *9 at 4.2' in PA 185° [SSW]."  His position is just 0.2 min of RA west of MCG -02-10-015 = PGC 13991, along with the matching star.

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NGC 1468 = MCG -01-10-045 = PGC 14004

03 52 12.5 -06 20 56; Eri

V = 13.2;  Size 1.2'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.0;  PA = 135°

 

17.5" (2/11/96): very faint, very small, round, 30" diameter, weak even concentration to an occasional stellar nucleus.  A mag 14.5 star is 1.0' ENE of center.  Located ~3' N of a 1' pair of mag 11/12 stars.

 

Édouard Stephan discovered NGC 1468 = St. 12-27 on 28 Dec 1877.  His published position in the 12th discovery list was reduced on 14 Dec 1881.

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NGC 1469 = UGC 2909 = MCG +11-05-004 = CGCG 305-003 = PGC 14261

04 00 28.0 +68 34 40; Cam

V = 12.7;  Size 1.9'x0.8';  Surf Br = 13.1;  PA = 153°

 

17.5" (11/2/91): moderately bright, fairly small, elongated 5:2 NNW-SSE, 1.5'x0.6', very bright core surrounded by fainter elongated halo.  A mag 10 star is just off the west edge 0.6' WSW from the center.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1469 = Sw. 3-27 on 24 Feb 1886 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory and recorded "vF; vS; R; B* nr."  His position is 6' NW of UGC 2909 = PGC 14261 and the "B * nr" refers to a mag 10.5 star at the SW edge.

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NGC 1470 = MCG -02-10-016 = PGC 14002

03 52 09.7 -08 59 57; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 1.3'x0.4';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 169°

 

17.5" (2/11/96): very faint, fairly small, very elongated 3:1 NNW-SSE, 1.0'x0.3', slightly brighter core.  Forms a faint pair with NGC 1467 10' NNW.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1470 = LM 2-389 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.0, 0.8'x0.2', E 180° [N-S], *9.5 precedes 20s, 2' S."  There is nothing at his position but 1.0 min of RA west is MCG -02-10-016 = PGC 14002, along with the described star at his offset.

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NGC 1471 = NGC 1464 = PGC 13976

03 51 24.4 -15 24 08; Eri

 

See observing notes for NGC 1464.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1471 = LM 1-116 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 14.5, vS, pE 45°."  His description is accurate, though his rough position is 1 minute 40 seconds of RA due east of PGC 13976 (typical error).  Lewis Swift independently found this galaxy again on 1 Nov 1886 and included it as the 57th object in his 5th discovery list (later NGC 1464). So, NGC 1471 = NGC 1464, with discovery priority to Leavenworth.  The primary designation used today is NGC 1464 due to its more precise coordinates. See Corwin's notes for more.

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NGC 1472 = PGC 14050

03 53 47.3 -08 34 06; Eri

V = 14.4;  Size 0.6'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.1

 

17.5" (2/8/91): very faint, small, round.  A mag 13 star is 1' SE.  FIrst and brightest of three with NGC 1477 4' E and NGC 1478.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1472 = LM 1-117 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and described "mag 14.0, 0.1' dia, 1st of 3 [with NGC 1477 and 1478]."  His rough position (nearest minute of RA) essentially matches PGC 14050 and the other two galaxies are appropriately placed in his list.

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NGC 1473 = ESO 054-019 = LGG 107-001 = PGC 13853

03 47 26.8 -68 13 13; Hyi

V = 12.9;  Size 1.5'x0.8';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 36°

 

24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 200x appears moderately bright and large, elongated 3:2 SW-NE, weakly concentrated with a slightly brighter core.  This galaxy has a slightly mottled or clumpy appearance (the SGC notes a "large knot 0.3' NE of center").  Elongated in the direction of a star 3' SW.  Situated within a string of 4 stars - one star to the NW and three to the SE.  Member of a small group that includes NGC 1511 and NGC 1511A.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1473 = h2592 on 2 Nov 1834 and recorded "pF; R; gradually little brighter middle; 25" dia."  His position (from two sweeps) corresponds with ESO 054-019 = PGC 13853.

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NGC 1474 = IC 2002 = UGC 2898 = MCG +02-10-003 = CGCG 442-005 = PGC 14065

03 54 30.3 +10 42 24; Tau

V = 13.8;  Size 1.1'x1.0';  Surf Br = 13.8;  PA = 0°

 

17.5" (2/11/96): faint, fairly small, round, 40" diameter, weak concentration to a slightly brighter 15" core.  A mag 13.5 star is just 1.0' N of center.  Located 12' WSW of mag 9 SAO 93675.

 

This galaxy is identified as IC 2002 in UGC, MCG, CGCG and RC3 due to a poor declination by Marth. RNGC reverses the sign of the declination.

 

Albert Marth discovered NGC 1474 = m 93 on 5 Oct 1864 and logged "vF, S, R."  His position is 8' S of UGC 2898 = PGC 14065, but this is the only nearby galaxy he could have seen. Several objects discovered by Marth that evening have poor positions including NGC 1141 and NGC 1142 (dec error of 40').  Stephane Javelle independently found the galaxy on 21 Dec 1903 and measured an accurate position for J. 3-983 (later IC 2002).  So, NGC 1474 = IC 2002.  UGC, MCG, CGCG and RC3 only use the IC designation as the position is unambiguous, though online catalogues (NED, HyperLEDA and SIMBAD) equate NGC 1474 = IC 2002.  In addition, PGC and RNGC reversed the sign of the declination of NGC 1474 (repeated in Roger Sinnott's NGC 2000.0 and amateur software including Megastar).  See my RNGC Corrections #6 and Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1475 = PGC 1007783

03 53 49.8 -08 08 15; Eri

Size 0.6'x0.6'

 

18" (10/16/09): not seen initially at 275x but referring to the exact position an extremely faint glow was quickly seen with averted.  Appears very small, round, 12" diameter.  Visible ~2/3 of the time with averted once it was acquired.

 

18" (1/1/08): extremely faint and small, round, 10"-15" diameter.  Requires averted vision to glimpse.  Located 9' SE of mag 8 HD 24485 and 4.5' S of a mag 11.5 star.  A couple of other similar stars are within 5' to the SW and NE.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1475 = LM 2-390 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.3, 0.1' dia, R, *14 4' north-preceding."  His position is close to PGC 1007783, though the mag 14 star is 5' southwest, instead of northwest.  RNGC classifies this number as nonexistent.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1476 = ESO 249-024 = MCG -07-09-001 = AM 0350-444 = PGC 14001

03 52 08.9 -44 31 57; Hor

V = 13.1;  Size 1.4'x0.6';  Surf Br = 12.6;  PA = 86°

 

24" (11/18/12 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly faint to moderately bright, moderately large, very elongated 4:1 ~E-W, 0.8'x0.2', broad concentration.  Located 15' SE of a mag 8 star.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1476 = h2591 on 14 Dec 1835 and recorded "F, S, pmE in the parallel; gradually brighter in the middle, 15" long." On a second sweep he described it "vF, lE, gradually brighter in the middle, 25" long". His position is accurate.

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NGC 1477 = PGC 14060

03 54 02.9 -08 34 30; Eri

V = 14.8;  Size 0.6'x0.5';  Surf Br = 13.3

 

17.5" (2/8/91): extremely faint, very small, round.  A mag 15 star is 1' NE.  Located in a trio with NGC 1472 4' W and NGC 1478 2' NE.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1477 = LM 1-118 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and logged "mag 15.0, 0.2' dia, 2nd of 3 [with NGC 1472 and 1478]."  His rough position (nearest minute of RA) is essentially accurate, along with the companions.

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NGC 1478 = PGC 14062

03 54 07.3 -08 33 20; Eri

V = 15.5;  Size 0.5'x0.3';  Surf Br = 13.3

 

17.5" (2/8/91): extremely faint and small, round, at visual threshold.  Faintest of a trio with NGC 1477 2' SW and NGC 1472 5' WSW.

 

Ormond Stone discovered NGC 1478 = LM 1-119 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and noted "mag 15.0, 0.2' dia, 3rd of 3 [with NGC 1472 and 1477]."  His rough position (nearest minute of RA) is essentially accurate, along with the companions.

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NGC 1479

03 54 24 -10 12; Eri

 

= Not found, RNGC and Corwin.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1479 = LM 2-391 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory recorded "mag 16.0, 0.6'x0.1', 1st of 2 [with NGC 1480 = LM 2-392]; nebulous **, in PA 170°."  There is nothing near his position which matches this description and no discovery sketch was found to aid in the identification.  Neither of these objects could be recovered by Harold Corwin.  See his identification notes.

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NGC 1480

03 54 30 -10 16; Eri

 

= Not found, RNGC.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1480 = LM 2-392 (along with NGC 1479 = LM 2-391) in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory, but there is nothing at his position. Muller mentions a "*10 following 30s" but no discovery sketch was found to aid in the identification and Harold Corwin's search came up empty. The RNGC has an obvious typo in the position as the RA is off by over 8 hours.

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NGC 1481 = ESO 549-032 = MCG -03-10-053 = KTS 22A = PGC 14079

03 54 28.9 -20 25 38; Eri

V = 13.4;  Size 1.0'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 133°

 

24" (12/1/13): fairly faint, fairly small, oval 3:2 NW-SE, 30"x20", broad concentration.  Fainter of a pair with NGC 1482 5.0' SE.  Between the two galaxies is mag 8.6 HD 24672 and a mag 12.5 star is less than 1' SE.  ESO 549-035 lies 8.6' ENE.

 

17.5" (2/1/92): very faint, very small, slightly elongated NW-SE, even surface brightness.  Located 2.5' NW of mag 8.7 SAO 168936.  Continuing on this line is NGC 1482 5' SSE.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1481 = h2593 on 13 Nov 1835 and described "eF, S, R, precedes two bright stars and the nebula III.962 [NGC 1482].".  His single position is 2' S of ESO 549-032 = PGC 14079 and the description applies perfectly.

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NGC 1482 = ESO 549-033 = MCG -03-10-054 = KTS 22B = PGC 14084

03 54 38.9 -20 30 09; Eri

V = 12.1;  Size 2.5'x1.4';  Surf Br = 13.3;  PA = 103°

 

24" (12/1/13): moderately bright to fairly bright, fairly large, oval 5:3 WNW-ESE, ~1.5'x0.9'.  Contains a large bright core that increases to a very small, bright nucleus.  Surrounding the core is a very low surface brightness halo.  Forms a right triangle with two bright stars; mag 8.6 HD 24694 2.3' ENE and mag 8.6 HD 24672 2.6' NNW.  Brightest in a triplet (KTS 22) with NGC 1481 5.0' NW and ESO 549-35 9' NE.  The dust lane in this IR-luminous starburst galaxy was not seen.

 

17.5" (2/1/92): faint, fairly small, elongated 4:3 ~E-W, broad concentration.  Forms the southern vertex of an isosceles triangle with mag 8.7 SAO 168936 2.5' NW and mag 8.6 SAO 168941 2' NE!  Forms a pair with NGC 1481 5' NNW..

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1482 = H. III 962 = h2594 on 19 Dec 1799 (sweep 1091).  He recorded "very faint; very small; near 2 bright stars, south preceding of them."  John Herschel observed the galaxy from the Cape of Good Hope on 13 Nov 1835 and logged "F, S, R; makes an obtuse angled triangle with two bright stars, the one preceding, the other following it." A week later he called it "eF, S; makes an obtuse angled nearly isoceles triangle with two stars 10th mag north of it." His third observation on 11 Dec was recorded as "pB, little extended, gradually brighter middle (newly polished mirror); makes an obtuse angled triangle with two stars 10th mag to its north."

 

Fritz Zwicky discovered SN 1937E, during his systematic search for supernovae using the 18" Schmidt at Palomar (his 4th discovery).

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NGC 1483 = ESO 201-007 = LGG 106-003 = PGC 14022

03 52 47.7 -47 28 40; Hor

V = 12.7;  Size 1.6'x1.3';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 125°

 

24" (11/18/12 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): moderately bright and large, slightly elongated NW-SE, 1.2'x0.9', broad concentration, slightly irregular or patchy surface brightness but no clear spiral structure.  Located 15' SE of mag 6.7 HD 24500.  Member of LGG 106 (subgroup of the Dorado Group).

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1483 = h2595 on 14 Dec 1835 (and possibly earlier by Dunlop) and recorded "pretty faint; round; very little brighter in the middle; 20". (Newly polished mirror, but the sky dull and haze forming; so that this may very possibly be Dunlop 428.)".  His second observation reads "very faint; pretty large; round; very gradually a little brighter in the middle; 80" across. I feel convinced that this nebula is too faint to have been seen by Mr Dunlop. Put on the 9 inch aperture, could not discern the least trace of it.  Mirror polished yesterday and in high beauty. Sky superb."

 

James Dunlop found D 428 on 2 Sep 1826 and described "An extremely faint ill-defined small nebula.  A pretty large nebula (D 427) precedes this."  Despite Herschel's comments, Dunlop's position lands very close to NGC 1483 and his position for NGC 1493, only 1.5° NNE and discovered the same night (perhaps immediately afterwards), is also an excellent match!  So, perhaps Dunlop was first to discover NGC 1483.  Of course, this implies D 427 is a spurious observation, as there's only a single galaxy here.

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NGC 1484 = ESO 359-006 = MCG -06-09-036 = PGC 14071

03 54 17.9 -36 58 14; Eri

V = 13.1;  Size 2.5'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 80°

 

18" (12/30/08): faint, thin edge-on ~6:1 E-W, 1.5'x0.25', low even surface brightness with no noticeable core.  Located at the SE edge of the Fornax I cluster.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1484 = h2596 on 28 Nov 1837 and recorded "vF, L, E, very gradually very little brighter middle, 2'."  His position is 1' S of ESO 359-006 = PGC 14071.

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NGC 1485 = UGC 2933 = MCG +12-04-010 = CGCG 327-014 = PGC 14432

04 05 03.6 +70 59 46; Cam

V = 12.6;  Size 2.1'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.9;  PA = 22°

 

17.5" (2/8/91): fairly faint, moderately large, very elongated 3:1 SSW-NNE, even surface brightness.  A mag 15 star is just following the SSW end.

 

Lewis Swift discovered NGC 1485 = Sw. 3-28 on 24 Feb 1886 with the 16" refractor at the Warner Observatory and logged "eF; pS; R."  His position is 2.6' NW of UGC 2933 = PGC 14432 and the identification is certain, though the galaxy is quite elongated.

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NGC 1486 = ESO 549-037 = MCG -04-10-008 = PGC 14132

03 56 18.6 -21 49 17; Eri

V = 14.2;  Size 0.9'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 2°

 

17.5" (2/22/03): very faint, fairly small,, 0.6'x0.4', weak concentration with a roundish, brighter core, requires averted vision.  The halo appears elongated SSW-NNE although difficult to pin down a consistent orientation.  Located 10' E of mag 9.7 SAO 168958 and 9' ENE of mag 9.4 SAO 168962.

 

Francis Leavenworth discovered NGC 1486 = LM 2-393 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory.  His position is about 25 sec of RA east of ESO 549-037 = PGC 14132.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1898-99 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).

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NGC 1487 = VV 78 = ESO 249-003 = MCG -07-09-0021 = AM 0354-423 = LGG 108-001 = PGC 14117

03 55 45.3 -42 22 05; Eri

V = 11.9;  Size 3.3'x2.1';  Surf Br = 13.9;  PA = 55°

 

18" (1/17/09): fairly faint, moderately large, irregularly round, 1.8'x1.5', slightly elongated E-W, weak central brightening.  Appears to have an irregular surface brightness, though viewed at a very low elevation from Lake Sonoma.  Two mag 12.5-13 stars form an isosceles triangle with the galaxy 1.2' N and 1.2' W.

 

On the DSS this is a distorted interacting system with two brighter condensations and long, faint tidal plumes.  This object should be viewed from a more southerly latitude to see detail.  Member of the small NGC 1512 group (LGG 108).

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1487 = D 480 = h2597 on 29 Oct 1826.  He described "a very faint ill-defined nebula, with two or three very small stars in it, and a small star following."  There is nothing at his published position, but 83 seconds of RA west is the interacting system VV 78 = PGC 14117 and the description fits.  Glen Cozens states this is probably the faintest galaxy that Dunlop discovered (V = 11.9). 

 

John Herschel observed this galaxy on 3 sweeps.  On 24 Oct 1835 (sweep 639) he recorded "pB, pL, R, 90"; makes a triangle with two stars 13th mag about 1 radius of nebula (by diagram) from its edge."

 

Joseph Turner sketched the galaxy on 26 Nov 1877 with the Great Melbourne Telescope (p. 151 of his logbook).  He noted it had a mottled appearance and was "rather irregular in shape, of rather an oval form...the sp side is brider than the rest of the nebula."  NGC 1487 is a distorted triple system.

 

 

 

 

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NGC 1488

04 00 04.3 +18 34 02; Tau

 

= **, Thomson.  Incorrect ID in RNGC, CGCG, RC3.

 

Edward Cooper discovered NGC 1488 = Au 19 with a 13.3-inch refractor at the Markree Observatory in Ireland.  While compiling the comprehensive Markree ecliptic Catalogue it as noted (probably by asistant Andrew Graham) as a nebulous mag 12 star.  At his position is a 9" pair of stars.  Bigourdan reported finding a 13th mag double star with no nebulosity.  Engelhardt also made a micrometric measurement of the components of this double star.

 

RNGC, CGCG and RC3 misidentify CGCG 466-003 = PGC 14181 as NGC 1488.  This galaxy is located 1m 55s of RA west of Cooper's position.  All of the other six objects discovered at Markree Observatory have been shown to be stars.  See Thomson's Catalogue Corrections and Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1489 = ESO 549-042 = MCG -03-11-003 = PGC 14165

03 57 38.2 -19 12 58; Eri

V = 13.8;  Size 1.4'x0.6';  Surf Br = 13.4;  PA = 12°

 

17.5" (2/22/03): very faint, fairly small, elongated ~2:1 SSW-NNE, 0.9'x0.4', nearly uniform surface brightness.  Situated between a mag 10.8 star 2.7' W and a mag 11.4 star 4' NE.

 

Frank Muller discovered NGC 1489 = LM 2-394 in 1886 with the 26" refractor at the Leander McCormick Observatory and recorded "mag 15.0, 1.0'x0.6', E 190° (SSW-NNE)."  His position is 40 sec of RA east of ESO 549-042 = PGC 14165 and the position angle is a perfect match.  Herbert Howe measured an accurate position in 1898 using the 20" refractor at Chamberlin Observatory (repeated in the IC 2 notes).  MCG does not label this galaxy as NGC 1489.

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NGC 1490 = ESO 083-011 = PGC 14040

03 53 34.4 -66 01 05; Ret

V = 12.4;  Size 1.3'x1.1';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 142°

 

24" (4/4/08 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): at 280x appeared bright, moderately large, round, 1.2' diameter.  Sharply concentrated with a very bright 20" core that increases to the center, surrounded by a diffuse 1.2' halo.  A faint star is embedded at the east edge of the halo.  NGC 1503 lies 18' E and ESO 083-012 is 9.5' NE.  Located 1.5 degrees SE of mag 3.8 Beta Reticuli and 4' N of mag 9.3 HD 24957.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1490 = h2599 on 2 Nov 1834 and recorded "pB, S, lE, pretty much brighter middle, 18" diameter."  His position is accurate.

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NGC 1491 = LBN 705 = Ced 25 = Sh 2-206

04 03 13.6 +51 18 58; Per

Size 3'x3'

 

18" (1/20/07): at 115x and 174x and OIII filter appears as a bright, large, elongated HII region on the west side of an 11th magnitude star.  Appears roughly 4'x2', extending SSW to NNE and brighter on the south end.  The west side has a fairly hard, well-defined edge while the east side is more irregular and fades into the background.  Four faint stars are involved on the northern end and a pair of fainter stars are at the south end.

 

17.5" (3/2/02): at 100x, this is a moderately bright, roundish glow, ~3' diameter.  Extends mostly west of a mag 11 star, wrapping around the star, particularly on the north side.  Excellent contrast gain with an OIII filter as it appears bright with an irregular surface brightness.  There is a subtle bite cut out of the nebulosity on the east side that creates a darker hollow extending just west of the star.  At 220x (unfiltered), about a half dozen stars are involved or at the edges.  The nebulosity is quite irregular with a high surface brightness region preceding the star.  Faint, elongated haze extends from this patch to the NE past the star giving an elongated appearance.  A pair of mag 13-14 stars is at the northern end and another pair is just off the western edge.

 

17.5" (12/7/90): at 140x with OIII filter appears as a bright, moderately large, circular nebulosity involving a mag 11 star.  The brightest portion lies to the west of the star and is elongated 3:2 ~N-S.  There appears be a dark gap just west of the mag 11 star.  Two very faint stars are superimposed near the edges.

 

13.1" (1/18/85): bright emission nebula just west of a mag 10.5 star, extends SW-NE, interesting shape.

 

8" (11/14/80): bright, large, ~6' diameter.  A mag 10.5 star is at the east side.

 

William Herschel discovered NGC 1491 = H. I-258 on 28 Dec 1790 (sweep 989) and recorded "vB, iF, resolvable, bM, 5' l, 3 or 4' br. A pL star in it towards the following side, but unconnected."  His position is fairly accurate, though Dreyer used a micrometric position of an involved star by Engelhardt.  See Corwin's notes.

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NGC 1492 = ESO 359-012 = AM 0356-353 = PGC 14186

03 58 13.1 -35 26 48; Eri

V = 13.5;  Size 0.8'x0.7';  Surf Br = 12.8;  PA = 10°

 

18" (1/21/04): faint, small, round, 0.4' diameter, fairly even surface brightness.  Located 1.5' N of a mag 13 star.

 

John Herschel discovered NGC 1492 = h2598 on 28 Nov 1837 and logged "vF, vS, R, 10'."  His position is accurate, though, his size of 10' is probably a typo for 10".

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NGC 1493 = ESO 249-033 = AM 0355-462 = LGG 106-004 = PGC 14163

03 57 28 -46 12 36; Hor

V = 11.3;  Size 3.5'x3.2';  Surf Br = 13.7

 

24" (11/18/12 - Magellan Observatory, Australia): fairly bright, fairly large, round, 3.0' diameter, broad concentration.  Contains a brighter, elongated core or "bar" oriented ~E-W.  The halo contains a strong suggestion of irregular spiral structure.  A mag 15 star is at the east edge of the halo.  This face-on SBcd galaxy is a member of LGG 106 (subgroup of the Dorado Group).

 

James Dunlop discovered NGC 1493 = D 4